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<div class="vector-toc-text">Inizio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Analisi_di_microsatelliti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Analisi_di_microsatelliti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Analisi di microsatelliti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Analisi_di_microsatelliti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voci_correlate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voci_correlate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikrosatelit" title="Mikrosatelit - bosniaco" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Mikrosatelit" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsat%C3%A8l%C2%B7lit" title="Microsatèl·lit - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Microsatèl·lit" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikrosatelit" title="Mikrosatelit - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mikrosatelit" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikrosatellit" title="Mikrosatellit - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mikrosatellit" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%85%CF%86%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82_(%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1)" title="Μικροδορυφόρος (βιολογία) - greco" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μικροδορυφόρος (βιολογία)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsatellite" title="Microsatellite - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Microsatellite" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsat%C3%A9lite" title="Microsatélite - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Microsatélite" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikrosatelliit" title="Mikrosatelliit - estone" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Mikrosatelliit" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="میکروستلایت - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="میکروستلایت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikrosatelliitti_(biologia)" title="Mikrosatelliitti (biologia) - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mikrosatelliitti (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsatellite_(biologie)" title="Microsatellite (biologie) - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Microsatellite (biologie)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsat%C3%A9lite_(ADN)" title="Microsatélite (ADN) - galiziano" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Microsatélite (ADN)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%99%D7%98" title="מיקרוסטלייט - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מיקרוסטלייט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%9F" title="माइक्रोसेटेलाइट - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="माइक्रोसेटेलाइट" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikrosatelit" title="Mikrosatelit - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mikrosatelit" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B5%E3%83%86%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%88" title="マイクロサテライト - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マイクロサテライト" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Микросателит - macedone" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Микросателит" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsatelliet" title="Microsatelliet - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Microsatelliet" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikrosatellitt" title="Mikrosatellitt - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Mikrosatellitt" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sekwencje_mikrosatelitarne" title="Sekwencje mikrosatelitarne - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Sekwencje mikrosatelitarne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microssat%C3%A9lite" title="Microssatélite - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Microssatélite" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsatelit" title="Microsatelit - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Microsatelit" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Микросателлиты - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Микросателлиты" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikrosatelit" title="Mikrosatelit - slovacco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Mikrosatelit" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikrosatellit" title="Mikrosatellit - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mikrosatellit" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikrosatelit" title="Mikrosatelit - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mikrosatelit" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Мікросателіти - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мікросателіти" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%86%DB%81" 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id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r130658281">body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote.nota-disambigua{clear:both;margin-top:0;padding:.05em .5em}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r139142988">.mw-parser-output .hatnote-content{align-items:center;display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon{flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon img{display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-text{font-style:italic}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote{border:1px solid #CCC;display:flex;margin:.5em 0;padding:.2em .5em}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote-text{padding-left:.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon{padding-right:8px}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon img{height:auto;width:16px}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .hatnote a.new{color:#d73333}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .hatnote a.new:visited{color:#a55858}</style> <div class="hatnote noprint nota-disambigua"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nota_disambigua.svg/18px-Nota_disambigua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nota_disambigua.svg/27px-Nota_disambigua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nota_disambigua.svg/36px-Nota_disambigua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text"><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Disambiguazione" title="Aiuto:Disambiguazione">Disambiguazione</a> – Se stai cercando I satelliti artificiali miniaturizzati, vedi <b><a href="/wiki/Satellite_miniaturizzato" title="Satellite miniaturizzato">Satellite miniaturizzato</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r133964453">.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-text-div>div,.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-text-full-div>div{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-image{flex-basis:52px;flex-grow:0;flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-text-full-div .hide-when-compact{display:block}</style><div style="" class="ambox metadata noprint plainlinks avviso avviso-generico"> <div class="avviso-immagine mbox-image noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DNA.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Abbozzo biologia molecolare"><img alt="Abbozzo biologia molecolare" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/DNA.png/43px-DNA.png" decoding="async" width="43" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/DNA.png/65px-DNA.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/DNA.png/85px-DNA.png 2x" data-file-width="298" data-file-height="314" /></a></span></div> <div class="avviso-testo mbox-text"> <div class="mbox-text-div"><b>Questa voce  sull'argomento biologia molecolare è solo un <a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Abbozzo" title="Aiuto:Abbozzo">abbozzo</a></b>.<br /> <div style="font-size:90%;"><a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Microsatelliti&action=edit">Contribuisci</a> a migliorarla secondo le <a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Manuale_di_stile" title="Aiuto:Manuale di stile">convenzioni di Wikipedia</a>. Segui i suggerimenti del <a href="/wiki/Progetto:Biologia_molecolare" class="mw-redirect" title="Progetto:Biologia molecolare">progetto di riferimento</a>.</div> <div class="hide-when-compact"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p>Si definiscono <b>microsatelliti</b> (o <i><b>Short Tandem Repeats</b></i> o <b>STR</b>, conosciuti anche come <i><b>Simple Sequence Repeats</b></i> o <b>SSR</b>, o come <i><b>Short Tandem Repeat Polymorphism</b></i> o <b>STRP</b>) <a href="/wiki/Sequenze_ripetute" class="mw-redirect" title="Sequenze ripetute">sequenze ripetute</a> di <a href="/wiki/DNA_non_codificante" title="DNA non codificante">DNA non codificante</a> costituiti da unità di ripetizione molto corte (1-5 <a href="/wiki/Coppia_di_basi" title="Coppia di basi">bp</a>) disposte secondo una <a href="/wiki/Ripetizione_in_tandem" title="Ripetizione in tandem">ripetizione in tandem</a>, utilizzabili come marcatori molecolari di <a href="/wiki/Locus_(genetica)" class="mw-redirect" title="Locus (genetica)">loci</a>. La loro presenza nel <a href="/wiki/Genoma_umano" title="Genoma umano">genoma umano</a> non influisce per più del 3%, ma si pensa che comunque essi svolgano una funzione essenziale per la struttura dei <a href="/wiki/Cromosomi" class="mw-redirect" title="Cromosomi">cromosomi</a>. </p><p>I microsatelliti presentano un alto livello di polimorfismo e sono marcatori informativi negli studi di <a href="/wiki/Genetica_di_popolazione" class="mw-redirect" title="Genetica di popolazione">genetica di popolazione</a>, comprendenti approfondimenti dal livello individuale a quello di specie strettamente affini, e nella genetica forense. </p><p>Infatti, grazie allo studio dei microsatelliti, è possibile creare un profilo del <a href="/wiki/DNA" title="DNA">DNA</a> (<i>DNA profiling</i> o <a href="/wiki/Impronta_genetica" title="Impronta genetica">impronta genetica</a>) grazie al quale individuare un soggetto. Il confronto genetico potrà essere effettuato confrontando la diversa lunghezza dei microsatelliti presenti in individui differenti. Tali differenze caratterizzano il <i><a href="/wiki/Polimorfismo_(biologia)" title="Polimorfismo (biologia)">polimorfismo</a> di ripetizione</i>. </p><p>Essi sono inoltre utilizzati come marcatori molecolari negli studi sulla <a href="/wiki/Duplicazione_(cromosoma)" title="Duplicazione (cromosoma)">duplicazione dei geni</a> o sulla loro eliminazione e sulla <a href="/wiki/Selezione_assistita_da_marcatori" title="Selezione assistita da marcatori">selezione assistita da marcatori</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Analisi_di_microsatelliti">Analisi di microsatelliti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microsatelliti&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Analisi di microsatelliti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microsatelliti&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Analisi di microsatelliti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r130657691">body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .vedi-anche{font-size:95%}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r139142988"> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=CODIS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CODIS (la pagina non esiste)">CODIS</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <p>Negli <a href="/wiki/Stati_Uniti_d%27America" title="Stati Uniti d'America">USA</a> esiste un database criminalistico del DNA, chiamato CODIS (<i>COmbined Dna Indexing System</i>), che prevede l'analisi di 13 STR presenti su 11 dei 23 cromosomi. I loci STR utilizzati nel CODIS, 13 su 11 cromosomi, sono: </p> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><b>STR</b> </td> <td><b>Cromosoma</b> </td> <td><b>Numero di ripetizioni</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>TAGA </td> <td>5 </td> <td>da 5 a 16 volte </td></tr> <tr> <td>TCAT </td> <td>11 </td> <td>da 3 a 14 volte </td></tr> <tr> <td>GAAT </td> <td>2 </td> <td>da 4 a 16 volte </td></tr> <tr> <td>CTTT </td> <td>4 </td> <td>da 12 a 51 volte </td></tr> <tr> <td>TCTG/TCTA </td> <td>12 </td> <td>da 10 a 25 volte </td></tr> <tr> <td>TCTG/TCTA </td> <td>3 </td> <td>da 8 a 21 volte </td></tr> <tr> <td>TCTG/TCTA </td> <td>8 </td> <td>da 7 a 20 volte </td></tr> <tr> <td>TCTG/TCTA </td> <td>21 </td> <td>da 12 a 41 volte </td></tr> <tr> <td>AGAT </td> <td>5 </td> <td>da 7 a 18 volte </td></tr> <tr> <td>GATA </td> <td>7 </td> <td>da 5 a 16 volte </td></tr> <tr> <td>TACT </td> <td>13 </td> <td>da 13 a 16 volte </td></tr> <tr> <td>GATA </td> <td>18 </td> <td>da 5 a 16 volte </td></tr> <tr> <td>AGAA </td> <td>18 </td> <td>da 7 a 39 volte </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Un altro marcatore, la amelogenina (AMEL) identifica il sesso dell'individuo, in quanto il gene è fiancheggiato da sequenze leggermente diverse sugli eterocromosomi X e Y, e determinandole, si può quindi risalire al sesso. </p><p>Tutte le varie STR sono precedute e seguite da sequenze specifiche per ogni STR e identiche nei vari individui, tranne eventuali, rare mutazioni. Ibridando tali sequenze con primer, appositamente progettati per non interferire tra loro e per far risaltare le diversità di lunghezza delle varie STR, si sottopone a PCR. </p><p>Ottenuta così una quantità di STR adeguata, l'elettroforesi capillare darà una serie di bande corrispondenti alle diverse lunghezze degli STR stessi. Confrontando tali bande nel DNA di un sospettato con quelle nel DNA reperito nella scena del crimine, si può arrivare ad una attribuzione o esclusione di responsabilità. </p><p>Si noti che i cromosomi omologhi materno e paterno possono essere omozigoti o eterozigoti per la sequenza di STR: nel 1º caso avremo una sola banda per il marcatore, nel 2° invece due sfalsate, (e magari un po' meno marcate) in quanto diverso è il numero delle rispettive ripetizioni nell'omologo paterno e in quello materno. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microsatelliti&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microsatelliti&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> David Caramelli, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.it/books?id=_L1MGVaCwagC&pg=PT80&dq=short+tandem+microsatelliti&hl=it&ei=4t6pS7PwDdGi_AaCps14&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDMQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=short%20tandem%20microsatelliti&f=false"><span style="font-style:italic;">Antropologia molecolare</span></a>, Firenze University Press, 2009, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-88-8453-696-9" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-88-8453-696-9">978-88-8453-696-9</a>.</cite></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microsatelliti&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microsatelliti&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minisatelliti" title="Minisatelliti">Minisatelliti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ripetizione_in_tandem" title="Ripetizione in tandem">Ripetizione in tandem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sequenza_ripetuta_di_DNA" title="Sequenza ripetuta di DNA">Sequenza ripetuta di DNA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variable_Number_of_Tandem_Repeat" title="Variable Number of Tandem Repeat">Variable Number of Tandem Repeat</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microsatelliti&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microsatelliti&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:Microsatellites"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Microsatellites?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file su <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Microsatellites?uselang=it">Microsatelliti</a></span></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microsatelliti&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microsatelliti&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sequenceontology.org/browser/current_svn/term/SO:0000289"><span style="font-style:italic;">Sito ufficiale</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">sequenceontology.org</span>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q265193#P856" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBritannica.com" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/microsatellite-DNA"><span style="font-style:italic;">microsatellite DNA</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Britannica" title="Enciclopedia Britannica">Enciclopedia Britannica</a></span>, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q265193#P1417" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r141815314">.mw-parser-output .navbox{border:1px solid #aaa;clear:both;margin:auto;padding:2px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox th{padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:#ccf;font-size:90%;width:100%;color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox_navbar{float:left;margin:0;padding:0 10px 0 0;text-align:left;width:6em}.mw-parser-output .navbox_title{font-size:110%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;padding:0 10px;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list{font-size:90%;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list a{white-space:nowrap}html:not(.vector-feature-night-mode-enabled) .mw-parser-output .navbox_odd{background:#fdfdfd;color:var(--color-base,black)}html:not(.vector-feature-night-mode-enabled) .mw-parser-output .navbox_even{background:#f7f7f7;color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox a.mw-selflink{color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox_center{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox_image{padding-left:7px;vertical-align:middle;width:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{font-weight:normal;text-align:right;width:7em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox_image img{max-width:none!important}.mw-parser-output .subnavbox{margin:-3px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:#e6e6ff;padding:0 10px}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:var(--background-color-interactive)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox th{color:var(--color-base)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:var(--background-color-interactive)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox th{color:var(--color-base)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle)!important}}</style><table class="navbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed noprint metadata" id="navbox-Biologia_molecolare"><tbody><tr><th colspan="3"><div class="navbox_navbar"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; 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