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meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan" class=""><span>Buat akun baru</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Apologetika+Kristen" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. 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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Masuk log</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Halaman penyunting yang telah keluar log <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengantar" aria-label="Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>pelajari lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Kontribusi_saya" title="Daftar suntingan yang dibuat dari alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kontribusi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pembicaraan_saya" title="Pembicaraan tentang suntingan dari alamat IP ini [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etimologi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etimologi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etimologi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etimologi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Karya_Apologetika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Karya_Apologetika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Karya Apologetika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Karya_Apologetika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Apologis_Gereja_Orthodox_Timur_Terkenal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Apologis_Gereja_Orthodox_Timur_Terkenal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Apologis Gereja Orthodox Timur Terkenal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Apologis_Gereja_Orthodox_Timur_Terkenal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gereja_Katolik_Roma" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gereja_Katolik_Roma"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Gereja Katolik Roma</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Gereja_Katolik_Roma-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Gereja Katolik Roma</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Gereja_Katolik_Roma-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Apologis_Katolik_Terkenal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Apologis_Katolik_Terkenal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Apologis Katolik Terkenal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Apologis_Katolik_Terkenal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Perguruan_tinggi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perguruan_tinggi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Perguruan tinggi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Perguruan_tinggi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lihat_pula" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_pula"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Lihat pula</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihat_pula-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bacaan_Tambahan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bacaan_Tambahan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Bacaan Tambahan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bacaan_Tambahan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <ul 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for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Apologetika Kristen</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 27 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-27" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">27 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%88%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A" title="اللاهوت الدفاعي – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللاهوت الدفاعي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8C%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Хрысьціянская апалягетыка – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Хрысьціянская апалягетыка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Апологет – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Апологет" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%A8" title="খ্রিস্টীয় আত্মপক্ষসমর্থন – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="খ্রিস্টীয় আত্মপক্ষসমর্থন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apologia_cristiana" title="Apologia cristiana – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Apologia cristiana" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%99es%C5%A5ansk%C3%A1_apologetika" title="Křesťanská apologetika – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Křesťanská apologetika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%AF_%CE%B1%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%AD%CF%82" title="Χριστιανοί απολογητές – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χριστιανοί απολογητές" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_apologetics" title="Christian apologetics – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Christian apologetics" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apolog%C3%ADa_cristiana" title="Apología cristiana – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Apología cristiana" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AF%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B9%DB%8C" title="الهیات دفاعی – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="الهیات دفاعی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apolog%C3%A9tique_chr%C3%A9tienne" title="Apologétique chrétienne – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Apologétique chrétienne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%A8" title="ईसाई आपत्तिखंडन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ईसाई आपत्तिखंडन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kereszt%C3%A9ny_apologetika" title="Keresztény apologetika – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Keresztény apologetika" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EB%8F%85%EA%B5%90_%EB%B3%80%EC%A6%9D%ED%95%99" title="기독교 변증학 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="기독교 변증학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apologetik_Kristian" title="Apologetik Kristian – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Apologetik Kristian" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apolog%C3%A9tica_crist%C3%A3" title="Apologética cristã – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Apologética cristã" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apologetic%C4%83_cre%C8%99tin%C4%83" title="Apologetică creștină – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Apologetică creștină" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Апологет – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Апологет" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_apologetics" title="Christian apologetics – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Christian apologetics" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%88%D1%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Хришћанска апологетика – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хришћанска апологетика" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utetezi_wa_Ukristo" title="Utetezi wa Ukristo – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Utetezi wa Ukristo" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B5_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="கிறித்தவ தன்விளக்கம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கிறித்தவ தன்விளக்கம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hristiyan_apolojeti%C4%9Fi" title="Hristiyan apolojetiği – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hristiyan apolojetiği" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Християнська апологетика – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Християнська апологетика" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apologetlar" title="Apologetlar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Apologetlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi%E1%BB%87n_h%E1%BB%99_h%E1%BB%8Dc_Kit%C3%B4_gi%C3%A1o" title="Biện hộ học Kitô giáo – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Biện hộ học Kitô giáo" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E8%BE%A8%E6%83%91%E5%AD%B8" title="基督教辨惑學 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="基督教辨惑學" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1377898#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs 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data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><p><b>Apologetika Kristen</b> adalah ilmu sistematis yang mempertahankan dan menjelaskan iman dan kepercayaan <a href="/wiki/Kristen" class="mw-redirect" title="Kristen">Kristen</a>. Orang yang ahli dalam bidang ini disebut Apologis Kristen. <b><a href="/wiki/Apologetika" title="Apologetika">Apologetika</a></b> adalah suatu ilmu dalam kaitannya dengan pembelaan.<sup id="cite_ref-a_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Di kalangan <a href="/wiki/Kristen" class="mw-redirect" title="Kristen">Kristen</a>, Apologetika dimengerti sebagai ilmu mengenai pembelaan <a href="/wiki/Iman" title="Iman">iman</a> <a href="/wiki/Kristen" class="mw-redirect" title="Kristen">Kristen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-a_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ilmu ini berusaha menjawab pernyataan sikap kaum <a href="/wiki/Skeptisisme" title="Skeptisisme">skeptisisme</a> yang meragukan keberadaan Allah atau menyerang kepercayaan kepada Allah yang terdapat dalam <a href="/wiki/Alkitab" title="Alkitab">Alkitab</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-a_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pembelaan ini dapat ditunjukkan kepada pemeluk agama yang lain, aliran Kristen yang lain, warga komunitas sendiri yang ragu-ragu atau kepada orang beriman biasa yang ingin mengerti bahwa iman mereka dapat dipertanggungjawabkan.<sup id="cite_ref-b_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Apologetika Kristen mempunyai banyak bentuk selama berabad-abad, dimulai dari <a href="/wiki/Rasul_Paulus" class="mw-redirect" title="Rasul Paulus">Rasul Paulus</a> pada <a href="/w/index.php?title=Early_Christianity&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Early Christianity (halaman belum tersedia)">gereja mula-mula</a> dan para penulis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Patristic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patristic (halaman belum tersedia)">Patristik</a> seperti <a href="/wiki/Origen" class="mw-redirect" title="Origen">Origen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Augustinus_dari_Hippo" class="mw-redirect" title="Augustinus dari Hippo">Augustinus dari Hippo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yustinus_Martir" title="Yustinus Martir">Yustinus Martir</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Tertullian" class="mw-redirect" title="Tertullian">Tertullian</a>, kemudian diikuti oleh para penulis seperti <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Thomas Aquinas</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anselm_of_Canterbury&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anselm of Canterbury (halaman belum tersedia)">Anselmus dari Canterbury</a> pada zaman <a href="/w/index.php?title=Scholasticism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scholasticism (halaman belum tersedia)">Skolastisisme</a>. <a href="/wiki/Blaise_Pascal" title="Blaise Pascal">Blaise Pascal</a> adalah seorang apologet Kristen yang aktif sebelum <a href="/w/index.php?title=Age_of_Enlightenment&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Age of Enlightenment (halaman belum tersedia)">Abad Pencerahan</a>, dan pada zaman modern, Kekristenan dibela melalui upaya banyak penulis seperti <a href="/wiki/G._K._Chesterton" class="mw-redirect" title="G. K. Chesterton">G. K. Chesterton</a> dan <a href="/wiki/C._S._Lewis" class="mw-redirect" title="C. S. Lewis">C. S. Lewis</a>. Pada zaman sekarang Kekristenan dibela melalui karya-karya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Swinburne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Swinburne (halaman belum tersedia)">Richard Swinburne</a>, <a href="/wiki/J._P._Moreland" class="mw-redirect" title="J. P. Moreland">J. P. Moreland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ravi_Zacharias" title="Ravi Zacharias">Ravi Zacharias</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Hutchinson_(author)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Hutchinson (author) (halaman belum tersedia)">Robert Hutchinson</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Lennox" title="John Lennox">John Lennox</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_Wilson_(theologian)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Douglas Wilson (theologian) (halaman belum tersedia)">Doug Wilson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lee_Strobel" title="Lee Strobel">Lee Strobel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francis_Collins" title="Francis Collins">Francis Collins</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_Ross_(astrophysicist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hugh Ross (astrophysicist) (halaman belum tersedia)">Hugh Ross</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_M._Morris" title="Henry M. Morris">Henry M. Morris</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alister_McGrath&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alister McGrath (halaman belum tersedia)">Alister McGrath</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ken_Ham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ken Ham (halaman belum tersedia)">Ken Ham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alvin_Plantinga" title="Alvin Plantinga">Alvin Plantinga</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Turek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frank Turek (halaman belum tersedia)">Frank Turek</a> dan <a href="/wiki/William_Lane_Craig" title="William Lane Craig">William Lane Craig</a>. Di luar Eropa dan Amerika Utara, apologetika Kristen kurang populer dan lebih jarang dipublikasikan sedikit yang dikenal seperti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_prince&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christian prince (halaman belum tersedia)">Christian prince</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dr_David_Wood&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dr David Wood (halaman belum tersedia)">Dr David Wood</a> . Di Indonesia <a href="/wiki/Apologetika" title="Apologetika">Apologetika</a> <a href="/wiki/Kristen" class="mw-redirect" title="Kristen">Kristen</a> Juga sering disebut <a href="/wiki/Kristologi" title="Kristologi">Kristologi</a> Seperti <a href="/wiki/Bambang_Noorsena" title="Bambang Noorsena">Bambang Noorsena</a> , <a href="/wiki/Rita_Wahyu" title="Rita Wahyu">Rita Wahyu</a> , <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Byantoro" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel Byantoro">Daniel Byantoro</a> , <a href="/wiki/Debat" title="Debat">Debat</a> <a href="/wiki/Elia_Myron" title="Elia Myron">Elia Myron</a> , <a href="/w/index.php?title=Esra_Alfred_Soru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Esra Alfred Soru (halaman belum tersedia)">Esra Alfred Soru</a> , <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muriwali_Yanto_Matalu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muriwali Yanto Matalu (halaman belum tersedia)">Muriwali Yanto Matalu</a> , <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mell_Atock&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mell Atock (halaman belum tersedia)">Deky Hidnas Yan Nggadas ,Mell Atock</a> , <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudy_Yohanes_Hutagalung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rudy Yohanes Hutagalung (halaman belum tersedia)">Rudy Yohanes Hutagalung</a> , <a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Budi_Prasetyo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis Budi Prasetyo (halaman belum tersedia)">Louis Budi Prasetyo</a> , <a href="/w/index.php?title=Didit_Yuli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Didit Yuli (halaman belum tersedia)">Didit Yuli</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrey_Thunggal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrey Thunggal (halaman belum tersedia)">Andrey Thunggal</a> , <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Lumoindong" title="Gilbert Lumoindong">Gilbert Lumoindong</a> , <a href="/wiki/Saifuddin_Ibrahim" class="mw-redirect" title="Saifuddin Ibrahim">Saifuddin Ibrahim</a> , <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_kace&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhammad kace (halaman belum tersedia)">Muhammad kace</a> , <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gratia_Pello&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gratia Pello (halaman belum tersedia)">Gratia Pello</a> , <a href="/w/index.php?title=Risuli_Lubis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Risuli Lubis (halaman belum tersedia)">Risuli Lubis</a> , <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edis_Sidabutar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edis Sidabutar (halaman belum tersedia)">Edis Sidabutar</a> , <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lamsen_Naibaho&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lamsen Naibaho (halaman belum tersedia)">Lamsen Naibaho</a>, </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etimologi">Etimologi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apologetika_Kristen&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Etimologi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apologetika_Kristen&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Etimologi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kata <i>apologetika</i> sendiri berasal dari bahasa Yunani kuno <i>apologia</i> (ἀπολογία) yang secara umum berarti "pembelaan"<sup id="cite_ref-a_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bentuk kata kerjanya yaitu <i>apologoumai</i> (ἀπολογέομαι) memiliki arti "melakukan suatu pembelaan; berbicara untuk membantah", baik untuk merespon tuduhan maupun tuntutan dalam sidang pengadilan.<sup id="cite_ref-a_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Penggunaan 'apologia' mengambil bentuk sastra pada tulisan Kristen mula-mula sebagai contoh integrasi orang Kristen berpendidikan ke dalam kehidupan budaya <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Romawi" title="Kekaisaran Romawi">Kekaisaran Romawi</a>, terutama selama <a href="/w/index.php?title=Little_Peace_of_the_Church&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Little Peace of the Church (halaman belum tersedia)">"masa tenang sesaat" pada abad ke-3</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan partisipasi mereka pada gerakan intelektual Yunani yang dikenal luas sebagai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Sophistic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Second Sophistic (halaman belum tersedia)">Sofistik Kedua</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Apologet Kristen pada Gereja mula-mula tidak menolak <a href="/wiki/Filsafat_Yunani" class="mw-redirect" title="Filsafat Yunani">filsafat Yunani</a>, tetapi berupaya untuk menunjukkan nilai positif Kekristenan dalam kaitan dinamis dengan tradisi rationalis Yunani.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Selain <a href="/wiki/Origenes" title="Origenes">Origenes</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Tertullian" class="mw-redirect" title="Tertullian">Tertullian</a>, apologet Kristen mula-mula termasuk <a href="/wiki/Yustinus_Martir" title="Yustinus Martir">Yustinus Martir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Klemens_dari_Alexandria" class="mw-redirect" title="Klemens dari Alexandria">Klemens dari Alexandria</a>, dan pengarang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Surat_kepada_Diognetus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Surat kepada Diognetus (halaman belum tersedia)">Surat kepada Diognetus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Augustinus_dari_Hippo" class="mw-redirect" title="Augustinus dari Hippo">Augustinus dari Hippo</a> adalah seorang apologet penting pada zaman <a href="/w/index.php?title=Patristics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patristics (halaman belum tersedia)">Patristik</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sejumlah sarjana menganggap apologetika adalah suatu <a href="/wiki/Genre_sastra" title="Genre sastra">genre sastra</a> tersendiri yang mempunyai keunikan gaya dan bentuk, isi, dan strategi <a href="/wiki/Argumentasi" title="Argumentasi">argumentasi</a>. Yang lain memandangnya sebagai suatu bentuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Discourse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discourse (halaman belum tersedia)">pengajaran</a> dengan ciri khas <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tone_(literature)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tone (literature) (halaman belum tersedia)">nada</a> dan guna.<sup id="cite_ref-Jacobsen_pp._19_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jacobsen_pp._19-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Karya_Apologetika">Karya Apologetika</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apologetika_Kristen&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Karya Apologetika" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apologetika_Kristen&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Karya Apologetika"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sejumlah karya Apologetika Kristen adalah: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alvin_Plantinga" title="Alvin Plantinga">Alvin Plantinga</a>. (2003). <i>God, Freedom, and Evil (Allah, Kebebasan, dan Kejahatan).</i> Surabaya : Momentum Christian Literature</li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/G._K._Chesterton" class="mw-redirect" title="G. K. Chesterton">Chesterton, G. K.</a> (1925). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.396486"><i>The Everlasting Man</i></a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hodder_and_Stoughton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hodder and Stoughton (halaman belum tersedia)">Hodder and Stoughton</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/1617203882" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/1617203882">1617203882</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Everlasting+Man&rft.pub=Hodder+and+Stoughton&rft.date=1925&rft.isbn=1617203882&rft.aulast=Chesterton&rft.aufirst=G.+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fin.ernet.dli.2015.396486&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AApologetika+Kristen" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Warner_Wallace" title="J. Warner Wallace">James "Jim" Warner Wallace</a>. <i>Cold Case Christianity.</i> (Tersedia dalam Bahasa Indonesia <i>Cold Case Christianity)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._S._Lewis" class="mw-redirect" title="C. S. Lewis">Lewis, C. S.</a>, <i>The Problem of Pain</i> (Tersedia dalam Bahasa Indonesia <i>The Problem of Pain</i>)</li> <li>Lewis, C. S., <i>Miracles</i></li> <li>Lewis, C. S. [1952] 1955. <i>Mere Christianity</i>. Fontana, Glasgow. (Tersedia dalam Bahasa Indonesia <i>Mere Christianity - Kekristenan Asal</i>)</li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alister_McGrath&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alister McGrath (halaman belum tersedia)">McGrath, Alister</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dawkinsgodgenesm0000mcgr"><i>Dawkins' God : genes, memes, and the meaning of life</i></a>. Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/140512539X" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/140512539X">140512539X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dawkins%27+God+%3A+genes%2C+memes%2C+and+the+meaning+of+life&rft.place=Malden%2C+MA&rft.pub=Blackwell+Pub&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=140512539X&rft.aulast=McGrath&rft.aufirst=Alister&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdawkinsgodgenesm0000mcgr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AApologetika+Kristen" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li>Norman Geisler. (2004). <i>I Don't Have Enough Faith to Be an Atheist</i>, Crossway (Tersedia dalam Bahasa Indonesia <i>I Don't Have Enough Faith to Be an Atheist</i>)</li> <li>Norman Geisler. (2004). <i>The Big Book of Bible Difficulties,</i> Baker</li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timothy_J._Keller&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Timothy J. Keller (halaman belum tersedia)">Keller, Timothy</a> (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/reasonforgodbeli00kell_0"><i>The Reason for God : belief in an age of skepticism</i></a>. New York: Dutton. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0525950494" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0525950494">0525950494</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Reason+for+God+%3A+belief+in+an+age+of+skepticism&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Dutton&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=0525950494&rft.aulast=Keller&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Freasonforgodbeli00kell_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AApologetika+Kristen" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alister_McGrath&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alister McGrath (halaman belum tersedia)">Mcgrath, Alister</a> (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dawkinsdelusiona0000alis"><i>The Dawkins Delusion?: Atheist Fundamentalism and the Denial of the Divine</i></a>. City: IVP Books. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0830837213" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0830837213">0830837213</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dawkins+Delusion%3F%3A+Atheist+Fundamentalism+and+the+Denial+of+the+Divine&rft.place=City&rft.pub=IVP+Books&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=0830837213&rft.aulast=Mcgrath&rft.aufirst=Alister&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdawkinsdelusiona0000alis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AApologetika+Kristen" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravi_Zacharias" title="Ravi Zacharias">Ravi Zacharias</a> (2006). <i>Can Man Live Without God</i>. Batam: Interaksara (Indonesia)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Apologis_Gereja_Orthodox_Timur_Terkenal">Apologis Gereja Orthodox Timur Terkenal</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apologetika_Kristen&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Apologis Gereja Orthodox Timur Terkenal" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apologetika_Kristen&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Apologis Gereja Orthodox Timur Terkenal"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Khusus di dalam Gereja Orthodox Timur, terdapat beberapa nama yang cukup terkenal diantaranya : </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Florovsky" title="Georges Florovsky">Georges Florovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Schmemann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexander Schmemann (halaman belum tersedia)">Alexander Schmemann</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Meyendorff&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Meyendorff (halaman belum tersedia)">John Meyendorff</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladimir_Lossky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vladimir Lossky (halaman belum tersedia)">Vladimir Lossky</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Sherrard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philip Sherrard (halaman belum tersedia)">Philip Sherrard</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gereja_Katolik_Roma">Gereja Katolik Roma</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apologetika_Kristen&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Gereja Katolik Roma" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apologetika_Kristen&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Gereja Katolik Roma"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Khusus di dalam <a href="/wiki/Gereja_Katolik_Roma" title="Gereja Katolik Roma">Gereja Katolik Roma</a> disebut <a href="/wiki/Apologetika_Katolik" title="Apologetika Katolik">Apologetika Katolik</a> dan pakarnya disebut Apologis Katolik </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Apologis_Katolik_Terkenal">Apologis Katolik Terkenal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apologetika_Kristen&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Apologis Katolik Terkenal" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apologetika_Kristen&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Apologis Katolik Terkenal"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agustinus_dari_Hippo" title="Agustinus dari Hippo">Agustinus dari Hippo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Thomas Aquinas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santo_Basilus_Agung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Santo Basilus Agung (halaman belum tersedia)">Santo Basilus Agung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Newman" title="John Henry Newman">John Henry Newman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._K._Chesterton" class="mw-redirect" title="G. K. Chesterton">G. K. Chesterton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hilaire_Belloc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hilaire Belloc (halaman belum tersedia)">Hilaire Belloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dietrich_von_Hildebrand" title="Dietrich von Hildebrand">Dietrich von Hildebrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paus_Yohanes_Paulus_II" title="Paus Yohanes Paulus II">Paus Yohanes Paulus II</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Perguruan_tinggi">Perguruan tinggi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apologetika_Kristen&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Perguruan tinggi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apologetika_Kristen&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Perguruan tinggi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sejumlah perguruan tinggi utama yang menyediakan program apologetika Kristen </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" border="1"> <tbody><tr> <th>Perguruan tinggi </th> <th>Lokasi </th> <th>Program </th> <th>Catatan </th> <th>Gelar </th> <th>Ref. </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Biola_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Biola University">Biola University</a> </td> <td><small>Southern California, AS</small> </td> <td><small>Christian Apologetics</small> </td> <td> </td> <td><small>Certificate, M.A.</small> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_India_Theological_Seminary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central India Theological Seminary (halaman belum tersedia)">Central India Theological Seminary</a> </td> <td><small>Itarsi, India</small> </td> <td><small>Christian Apologetics</small> </td> <td> </td> <td><small>M.Th., Ph.D.</small> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <p><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denver_Seminary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Denver Seminary (halaman belum tersedia)">Denver Seminary</a> </td> <td><small>Colorado, AS</small> </td> <td><small>Apologetics and Ethics</small> </td> <td> </td> <td><small>M.A., M.Div. with Emphasis</small> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Houston_Baptist_University&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Houston Baptist University (halaman belum tersedia)">Houston Baptist University</a> </td> <td><small>Houston, TX, AS</small> </td> <td><small>Christian Apologetics</small> </td> <td> </td> <td><small>M.A.A.</small> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Oxford Centre for Christian Apologetics </td> <td><small>Oxford, Inggris</small> </td> <td><small>Christian Apologetics</small> </td> <td> </td> <td><small>M.Th., Doctoral Fellowships</small> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <p><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Westminster_Theological_Seminary" class="mw-redirect" title="Westminster Theological Seminary">Westminster Theological Seminary</a> </td> <td><small>Philadelphia, AS& </small><p><small>London, Inggris</small> </p> </td> <td><small>Apologetics</small> </td> <td> </td> <td><small>M.Th. at London Campus, Doctoral, Masters, Certificate Programs at Philadelphia Campus</small> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_African_Theological_Seminary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="South African Theological Seminary (halaman belum tersedia)">South African Theological Seminary</a> </td> <td><small>Johannesburg, Afrika Selatan</small> </td> <td><small>Apologetics</small> </td> <td> </td> <td><small>MTh</small> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_Baptist_Theological_Seminary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southern Baptist Theological Seminary (halaman belum tersedia)">Southern Baptist Theological Seminary</a> </td> <td><small>Louisville, KY</small> </td> <td><small>Apologetics/Apologetics & Worldviews</small> </td> <td> </td> <td><small>Ph.D.</small> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_Evangelical_Seminary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southern Evangelical Seminary (halaman belum tersedia)">Southern Evangelical Seminary</a> </td> <td><small>Charlotte, North Carolina</small> </td> <td><small>Apologetics/Scientific Apologetics</small> </td> <td> </td> <td><small>Certificate, MA, MDiv, DMin</small> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/NLA_Medieh%C3%B8gskolen_Gimlekollen" class="extiw" title="no:NLA Mediehøgskolen Gimlekollen">NLA Mediehøgskolen Gimlekollen</a> </td> <td><small>Kristiansand, Norwegia</small> </td> <td><small>Communication, worldview and Christian apologetics</small> </td> <td> </td> <td><small>Certificate, Bachelor</small> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_pula">Lihat pula</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apologetika_Kristen&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bagian: Lihat pula" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apologetika_Kristen&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Lihat pula"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Christian_apologetic_works&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Christian apologetic works (halaman belum tersedia)">Daftar karya apologetika Kristen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_existential_apologetics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christian existential apologetics (halaman belum tersedia)">Apologetika ekstensial Kristen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presuppositional_apologetics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presuppositional apologetics (halaman belum tersedia)">Apologetika Presuposisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filsafat_Kristen" title="Filsafat Kristen">Filsafat Kristen</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inductive_reasoning&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inductive reasoning (halaman belum tersedia)">Inductive reasoning</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logika" title="Logika">Logika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modal_logic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Modal logic (halaman belum tersedia)">Logika modal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reformed_epistemology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reformed epistemology (halaman belum tersedia)">Epistemologi reformasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kebenaran" title="Kebenaran">Kebenaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogmatik" title="Dogmatik">Dogmatik</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bacaan_Tambahan">Bacaan Tambahan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apologetika_Kristen&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bagian: Bacaan Tambahan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apologetika_Kristen&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Bacaan Tambahan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Alister E. McGrath. <i>Mere Apologetics.</i> (Tersedia dalam Bahasa Indonesia <i>Apologetika Dasar</i>)</li> <li>Cornelius van Til. (1976). <i>Christian Apologetics.</i> Philipsburg: P&R .</li> <li>Cornelius van Til. (1967). <i>The Defences of the Faith</i>. Philipsburg: P&R .</li> <li>Greg Bahnsen. P<i>resuppositional Apologetics.</i>(Tersedia dalam Bahasa Indonesia <i>Apologetika Presuposisional</i>)</li> <li>Gordon Clark. <i>Religion, Reason, and Revelation.</i></li> <li>John Frame. A<i>pologetics to the Glory of God.</i> (Tersedia dalam Bahasa Indonesia <i>Apologetika: Sebuah Pembenaran Bagi Kepercayaan Kristen</i>)</li> <li>Josh McDowell. <i>Apologetika Volume 1-5.</i> Malang: Gandum Emas (Indonesia).</li> <li>Muriwali Yanto Matalu. (2018). <i>Apologetika Kristen.</i> Malang : GKKR</li> <li>Norman Geisler. <i>Baker Encyclopedia of Christian Apologetics.</i></li> <li>Norman Geisler. <i>Christian Apologetics</i></li> <li>Rahmiati Tanudjaja. <i>Spiritualitas Kristen dan Apologetika Kristen</i>. Malang: Literatur SAAT</li> <li>R. C. Sproul. (2011). <i>Defending Your Faith</i>. (Tersedia dalam Bahasa Indonesia)</li> <li>William Lane Craig. (1984). <i>Apologetics : An Introduction.</i> Chicago : Moody Press</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apologetika_Kristen&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apologetika_Kristen&action=edit&section=9" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-a-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-a_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-a_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-a_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-a_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-a_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Indonesia" lang="Indonesia">(Indonesia)</span> Bedjo. Makalah dalam seminar yang diselenggarakan STRIS – LRII Ngagel jaya Surabaya. Surabaya: Kepala Pusat Kerohanian Universitas Kristen Petra dan dosen Filsafat Agama.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-b-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-b_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.carmelia.net/index.php/artikel/tanya-jawab-iman/535-teologi-apologetikas">"Teologi Apologetika"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Teologi+Apologetika&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.carmelia.net%2Findex.php%2Fartikel%2Ftanya-jawab-iman%2F535-teologi-apologetikas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AApologetika+Kristen" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kevin Butcher, <i>Roman Syria and the Near East</i> (Getty Publications, 2003) p. 378.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Graham Anderson, <i>The Second Sophistic: A Cultural Phenomenon in the Roman Empire</i> (Routledge, 1993, 2003), p. 203.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jacobsen, "Apologetics and Apologies,<i> p. 6.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Dulles, Avery Robert Cardinal (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofapologe0000dull_p3s5"><i>A History of Apologetics</i></a>. San Francisco: Ignatius Press. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofapologe0000dull_p3s5/page/31">31</a>–42. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0898709334" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0898709334">0898709334</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Apologetics&rft.place=San+Francisco&rft.pages=31-42&rft.pub=Ignatius+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0898709334&rft.aulast=Dulles&rft.aufirst=Avery+Robert+Cardinal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofapologe0000dull_p3s5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AApologetika+Kristen" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Dulles, Avery Robert Cardinal (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofapologe0000dull_p3s5"><i>A History of Apologetics</i></a>. San Francisco: Ignatius Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0898709334" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0898709334">0898709334</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Apologetics&rft.place=San+Francisco&rft.pub=Ignatius+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0898709334&rft.aulast=Dulles&rft.aufirst=Avery+Robert+Cardinal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofapologe0000dull_p3s5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AApologetika+Kristen" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jacobsen_pp._19-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jacobsen_pp._19_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jacobsen, "Apologetics and Apologies,<i> pp. 19–20.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biola.edu/academics/sas/apologetics/">"Biola University"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Biola+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biola.edu%2Facademics%2Fsas%2Fapologetics%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AApologetika+Kristen" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://centralindia.org/seminary">"Central India Theological Seminary"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Central+India+Theological+Seminary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcentralindia.org%2Fseminary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AApologetika+Kristen" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mthprograms.wordpress.com">"MTh Programs at CITS"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MTh+Programs+at+CITS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmthprograms.wordpress.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AApologetika+Kristen" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.denverseminary.edu/academics/master-of-arts/apologetics-ethics/">"Denver Seminary Program Information"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">21 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Denver+Seminary+Program+Information&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.denverseminary.edu%2Facademics%2Fmaster-of-arts%2Fapologetics-ethics%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AApologetika+Kristen" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170606125115/http://www.denverseminary.edu/academics/master-of-divinity/apologetics-and-ethics/">"Denver Seminary Program Information"</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.denverseminary.edu/academics/master-of-divinity/apologetics-and-ethics/">versi asli</a> tanggal 2017-06-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">21 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Denver+Seminary+Program+Information&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.denverseminary.edu%2Facademics%2Fmaster-of-divinity%2Fapologetics-and-ethics%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AApologetika+Kristen" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161004002518/https://www.hbu.edu/school-of-christian-thought/department-of-apologetics/graduate-program-ma-apologetics/">"Houston Baptist University"</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hbu.edu/school-of-christian-thought/department-of-apologetics/graduate-program-ma-apologetics/">versi asli</a> tanggal 2016-10-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">18 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Houston+Baptist+University&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hbu.edu%2Fschool-of-christian-thought%2Fdepartment-of-apologetics%2Fgraduate-program-ma-apologetics%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AApologetika+Kristen" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theocca.org/">"THEOCCA"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=THEOCCA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theocca.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AApologetika+Kristen" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160917154959/http://www.rzim.eu/what-we-do-2/occa">"RZIM"</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rzim.eu/what-we-do-2/occa/">versi asli</a> tanggal 2016-09-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=RZIM&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rzim.eu%2Fwhat-we-do-2%2Focca%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AApologetika+Kristen" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140708204653/http://www.wts.edu/faculty/apologetics.html">"Westminster Theological Seminary"</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wts.edu/faculty/apologetics.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 2014-07-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Westminster+Theological+Seminary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wts.edu%2Ffaculty%2Fapologetics.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AApologetika+Kristen" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sats.edu.za/satsecampus/enrol/index.php?id=912/">"My SATS"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=My+SATS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sats.edu.za%2Fsatsecampus%2Fenrol%2Findex.php%3Fid%3D912%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AApologetika+Kristen" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pranala_mati" title="Wikipedia:Pranala mati"><span title=" pranala nonaktif sejak Januari 2021">pranala nonaktif permanen</span></a></i>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170520071215/http://www.sbts.edu/doctoral/doctor-of-philosophy/concentrations/apologetics-and-worldview/">"Apologetics and Worldview - The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary"</a>. <i>Doctoral</i> (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sbts.edu/doctoral/doctor-of-philosophy/concentrations/apologetics-and-worldview/">versi asli</a> tanggal 2017-05-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2017-05-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Doctoral&rft.atitle=Apologetics+and+Worldview+-+The+Southern+Baptist+Theological+Seminary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sbts.edu%2Fdoctoral%2Fdoctor-of-philosophy%2Fconcentrations%2Fapologetics-and-worldview%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AApologetika+Kristen" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190715082349/https://ses.edu/academics/degrees">"Southern Evangelical Seminary Degrees"</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ses.edu/academics/degrees">versi asli</a> tanggal 2019-07-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">23 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Southern+Evangelical+Seminary+Degrees&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fses.edu%2Facademics%2Fdegrees&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AApologetika+Kristen" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170116170550/https://nla.no/nor/studietilbud/kristendom/kl/kommunikasjon-og-livssyn/emneplaner-kommunikasjon-og-livssyn">"NLA Communication and Worldview Subject plans"</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.no/nor/studietilbud/kristendom/kl/kommunikasjon-og-livssyn/emneplaner-kommunikasjon-og-livssyn">versi asli</a> tanggal 2017-01-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">10 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NLA+Communication+and+Worldview+Subject+plans&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnla.no%2Fnor%2Fstudietilbud%2Fkristendom%2Fkl%2Fkommunikasjon-og-livssyn%2Femneplaner-kommunikasjon-og-livssyn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AApologetika+Kristen" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pranala_luar">Pranala luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apologetika_Kristen&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Sunting bagian: Pranala luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apologetika_Kristen&action=edit&section=10" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pranala luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catholicdefendyourfaith.com">catholicdefendyourfaith.com</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140517091846/http://catholicdefendyourfaith.com/">Diarsipkan</a> 2014-05-17 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Catholic Apologetics</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/nave-html/faithpathh/readref.html">Detailed summaries of each chapter of many famous books concerning science and faith</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782733">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/w/index.php?title=Kekristenan_pada_zaman_Pra-Nikea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kekristenan pada zaman Pra-Nikea (halaman belum tersedia)">Zaman Pra-Nikea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kekristenan_pada_Abad_Kuno_Akhir" title="Kekristenan pada Abad Kuno Akhir">Akhir Abad Kuno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinus_Agung_dan_Kekristenan" title="Konstantinus Agung dan Kekristenan">Konstantinus Agung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tujuh_konsili_oikumenis_pertama" title="Tujuh konsili oikumenis pertama">Tujuh Konsili Ekumene Pertama</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Konsili_Nikea_I" title="Konsili Nikea I">Nikea I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konsili_Kalsedon" title="Konsili Kalsedon">Kalsedon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gereja_negara_Kekaisaran_Romawi" title="Gereja negara Kekaisaran Romawi">Gereja Negara Kekaisaran Romawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanon_Alkitab" title="Kanon Alkitab">Kanon Alkitab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kekristenan_pada_Abad_Pertengahan" title="Kekristenan pada Abad Pertengahan">Abad Pertengahan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monastisisme_Kristiani" title="Monastisisme Kristiani">Zuhud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negara_Gereja" title="Negara Gereja">Negara Gereja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skisma_Timur%E2%80%93Barat" title="Skisma Timur–Barat">Skisma Akbar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kontroversi_Investitur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kontroversi Investitur (halaman belum tersedia)">Kontroversi Investitur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perang_Salib" title="Perang Salib">Perang Salib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gereja_Katolik_dan_Zaman_Penjelajahan" title="Gereja Katolik dan Zaman Penjelajahan">Abad Penjelajahan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kekristenan_pada_zaman_modern" title="Kekristenan pada zaman modern">Zaman Modern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reformasi_Protestan" title="Reformasi Protestan">Reformasi Protestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformasi_Katolik" title="Reformasi Katolik">Reformasi Katolik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perang_Tiga_Puluh_Tahun" title="Perang Tiga Puluh Tahun">Perang Tiga Puluh Tahun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abad_Pencerahan" title="Abad Pencerahan">Abad Pencerahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dekristenisasi_Prancis_pada_Revolusi_Prancis" title="Dekristenisasi Prancis pada Revolusi Prancis">Revolusi Prancis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penindasan_terhadap_orang_Kristen" title="Penindasan terhadap orang Kristen">Persekusi</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Penindasan_umat_Kristen_di_Uni_Soviet" title="Penindasan umat Kristen di Uni Soviet">Komunis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_dan_Kristen" class="mw-redirect" title="Islam dan Kristen">Islam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Denominasi_Kristen" title="Denominasi Kristen">Denominasi</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Daftar_denominasi_Kristen" title="Daftar denominasi Kristen">Daftar</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kekristenan_Barat" title="Kekristenan Barat">Kristen Barat</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adventisme" title="Adventisme">Adventis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anabaptis" title="Anabaptis">Anabaptis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglikanisme" title="Anglikanisme">Anglikan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gereja_Baptis" title="Gereja Baptis">Baptis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelikalisme" title="Evangelikalisme">Injili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvinisme" title="Calvinisme">Kalvinis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristen_kharismatik" title="Kristen kharismatik">Karismatik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gereja_Katolik" class="mw-redirect" title="Gereja Katolik">Katolik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerakan_Kekudusan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerakan Kekudusan (halaman belum tersedia)">Kekudusan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheranisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheranisme">Lutheran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gereja_Metodis" title="Gereja Metodis">Metodis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gereja_Pentakosta" title="Gereja Pentakosta">Pentakosta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestanisme" title="Protestanisme">Protestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaum_Quaker" title="Kaum Quaker">Perhimpunan Handai Tolan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kekristenan_Timur" title="Kekristenan Timur">Kristen Timur</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gereja_Ortodoks_Timur" title="Gereja Ortodoks Timur">Ortodoks Timur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gereja_Ortodoks_Oriental" class="mw-redirect" title="Gereja Ortodoks Oriental">Ortodoks Oriental (Miafisit)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gereja_dari_Timur" class="mw-redirect" title="Gereja dari Timur">Gereja di Timur (Nestorian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gereja-Gereja_Katolik_Timur" title="Gereja-Gereja Katolik Timur">Katolik Timur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Restorasionisme" title="Restorasionisme">Restorasionis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saksi-Saksi_Yehuwa" title="Saksi-Saksi Yehuwa">Saksi Yehuwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerakan_Orang_Suci_Zaman_Akhir" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerakan Orang Suci Zaman Akhir">Gerakan Orang Suci Zaman Akhir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iglesia_ni_Cristo" class="mw-redirect" title="Iglesia ni Cristo">Iglesia ni Cristo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Teologi_Kristen" title="Teologi Kristen">Teologi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allah_(Kristen)" title="Allah (Kristen)">Allah</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tritunggal" title="Tritunggal">Tritunggal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allah_Bapa" title="Allah Bapa">Bapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allah_Anak" title="Allah Anak">Anak/Putra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roh_Kudus_(Kekristenan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Roh Kudus (Kekristenan)">Roh Kudus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristologi" title="Kristologi">Kristologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syahadat_Nikea" class="mw-redirect" title="Syahadat Nikea">Syahadat Nikea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tradisi_Suci" title="Tradisi Suci">Tradisi Suci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dosa_asal" title="Dosa asal">Dosa Asal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keselamatan_(Kristen)" class="mw-redirect" title="Keselamatan (Kristen)">Keselamatan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahir_kembali" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Lahir kembali">Lahir Baru</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibadat_Kristen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibadat Kristen (halaman belum tersedia)">Ibadat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariologi" title="Mariologi">Mariologi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theotokos" title="Theotokos">Teotokos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santo" title="Santo">Orang Kudus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eklesiologi" title="Eklesiologi">Eklesiologi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Empat_Ciri_Gereja" title="Empat Ciri Gereja">Empat Tanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tubuh_Kristus" title="Tubuh Kristus">Tubuh Kristus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satu_gereja_benar" title="Satu gereja benar">Satu Gereja Sejati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umat_Allah" title="Umat Allah">Umat Allah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hukum_kanon" class="mw-redirect" title="Hukum kanon">Hukum Kanon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakramen" title="Sakramen">Sakramen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baptisan" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptisan">Baptis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekaristi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ekaristi">Ekaristi/Perjamuan Kudus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perkawinan_menurut_Kekristenan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perkawinan menurut Kekristenan (halaman belum tersedia)">Perkawinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penguatan" title="Penguatan">Krisma/Peneguhan Sidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penitensi" title="Penitensi">Tobat/Pengakuan Dosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pengurapan_orang_sakit" title="Pengurapan orang sakit">Pengurapan Orang Sakit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imamat_kudus" title="Imamat kudus">Imamat Kudus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misi_(Kristen)" title="Misi (Kristen)">Misi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembasuhan_dalam_Kekristenan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembasuhan dalam Kekristenan (halaman belum tersedia)">Pembasuhan</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kesehatan_dalam_Kekristenan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kesehatan dalam Kekristenan (halaman belum tersedia)">Kesehatan</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Filsafat_Kristen" title="Filsafat Kristen">Filsafat</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hukum_kodrat" title="Hukum kodrat">Hukum Kodrati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etika_Kristen" title="Etika Kristen">Etika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kekristenan_dan_ilmu_pengetahuan" title="Kekristenan dan ilmu pengetahuan">Ilmu Pengetahuan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kontroversi_penciptaan-evolusi" title="Kontroversi penciptaan-evolusi">Evolusi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kekristenan_dan_politik" title="Kekristenan dan politik">Politik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandangan_Kristen_tentang_kemiskinan_dan_kekayaan" title="Pandangan Kristen tentang kemiskinan dan kekayaan">Pandangan tentang miskin dan kaya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lain-lain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kebudayaan_Kristen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kebudayaan Kristen (halaman belum tersedia)">Kebudayaan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arsitektur_Gereja" title="Arsitektur Gereja">Arsitektur</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arsitektur_katedral_dan_gereja_besar" title="Arsitektur katedral dan gereja besar">Arsitektur katedral dan gereja besar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seni_rupa_Kristen" title="Seni rupa Kristen">Seni rupa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yesus_dalam_karya_seni" title="Yesus dalam karya seni">Yesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seni_rupa_Maria_dalam_Gereja_Katolik" title="Seni rupa Maria dalam Gereja Katolik">Maria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kesusastraan_Kristen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kesusastraan Kristen (halaman belum tersedia)">Sastra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musik_Kristen" title="Musik Kristen">Musik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gereja_(gedung)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gereja (gedung)">Bangunan gereja</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daftar_katedral" title="Daftar katedral">Katedral</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gereja_Katolik_Roma_dan_peradaban_manusia" class="mw-redirect" title="Gereja Katolik Roma dan peradaban manusia">Peran dalam peradaban</a></li> <li>Baca juga:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kekristenan_dan_agama_lain" class="mw-redirect" title="Kekristenan dan agama lain">Hubungan dengan agama-agama lain</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kristen_budaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kristen budaya (halaman belum tersedia)">Kristen budaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kritik_terhadap_Kekristenan" title="Kritik terhadap Kekristenan">Kritik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penindasan_terhadap_orang_Kristen" title="Penindasan terhadap orang Kristen">Aniaya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_gerakan_Kristen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar gerakan Kristen (halaman belum tersedia)">Gerakan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asketisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Asketisme">Asketisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerakan_Karismatik" title="Gerakan Karismatik">Karismatik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demokrasi_Kristen" title="Demokrasi Kristen">Demokrasi Kristen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pandangan_Kristen_tentang_lingkungan_hidup&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pandangan Kristen tentang lingkungan hidup (halaman belum tersedia)">Lingkungan Hidup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eksistensialisme_Kristen" title="Eksistensialisme Kristen">Eksistensialisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundamentalisme_Kristen" title="Fundamentalisme Kristen">Fundamentalisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teologi_pembebasan" title="Teologi pembebasan">Pembebasan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kristen_kiri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kristen kiri (halaman belum tersedia)">Kiri</a>/<a href="/wiki/Kristen_sayap_kanan" title="Kristen sayap kanan">Kanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasifisme_Kristen" title="Pasifisme Kristen">Pasifisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teologi_kemakmuran" title="Teologi kemakmuran">Kemakmuran</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kerja Sama</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dunia_Kristen" class="mw-redirect" title="Dunia Kristen">Dunia Kristen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekumenisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Ekumenisme">Ekumenisme</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charta_Oecumenica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charta Oecumenica (halaman belum tersedia)">Charta Oecumenica</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dewan_Gereja-Gereja_Sedunia" title="Dewan Gereja-Gereja Sedunia">Dewan Gereja Sedunia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aliansi_Injili_Sedunia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aliansi Injili Sedunia (halaman belum tersedia)">Aliansi Injili Sedunia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kekristenan_nondenominasional&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kekristenan nondenominasional (halaman belum tersedia)">Nondenominasionalisme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/16px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/24px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/32px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Kristen" title="Portal:Kristen">Portal Kristen</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Symbol_book_class2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikipedia book"><img alt="Wikipedia book" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Symbol_book_class2.svg/16px-Symbol_book_class2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Symbol_book_class2.svg/23px-Symbol_book_class2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Symbol_book_class2.svg/31px-Symbol_book_class2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Buku:Kristen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buku:Kristen (halaman belum tersedia)">Buku</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Symbol_category_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Category"><img alt="Category" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Kategori:Kristen" title="Kategori:Kristen">Kategori</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" 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