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Definitions & Terms | Safe to Sleep®
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<li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/about" class="menu-0 usa-current"> <span>About Safe Sleep for Babies</span> </a> <ul class="usa-sidenav__sublist"> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/about/sids-definition" class="menu-1 "> <span>What Is SIDS?</span> </a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/about/other-sleep-related-deaths" class="menu-1 "> <span>What Are Other Sleep-Related Infant Deaths?</span> </a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/about/causes" class="menu-1 "> <span>What Causes SIDS?</span> </a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/about/risk-factors" class="menu-1 "> <span>What Are the Known Risk Factors?</span> </a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/about/terms" class="menu-1 usa-current"> <span>Definitions & Terms</span> </a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/about/by-the-numbers" class="menu-1 "> <span>By the Numbers</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </aside> <div class="region-content tablet:grid-col-9"> <!-- googleon: index --> <div class="region region-content"> <h1 class="uswds-page-title page-title"> <span class="field field--name-title"> Definitions & Terms </span> </h1> <div id="block-uswds-sts-content" class="block block-system block-system-main-block"> <article data-history-node-id="147"> <div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Different groups use different words and phrases to describe the death of a baby during sleep. Refer to the following information to inform your discussions about safe infant sleep.</p> <p><strong>Sudden Unexpected Infant Death (SUID):</strong> An umbrella category that describes all sudden, unexpected infant deaths—those from known causes, such as an injury or accident, and those from unknown causes.</p> <p><strong>Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS):</strong> The sudden death of a baby younger than 1 year of age that doesn’t have a known cause, even after a full investigation. Healthcare providers, law enforcement, and others investigate infant deaths to figure out what caused them. This investigation includes a complete autopsy, examining the death scene, and reviewing the clinical history. If they cannot determine a cause of death for the baby or explain why the baby died, the medical examiner or coroner may categorize the death as SIDS.</p> <p><strong>Other sleep-related infant deaths: </strong><sup><a href="#f1">1</a></sup> Infant deaths linked to how or where a baby sleeps or slept. They can include deaths from the following:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Entrapment or wedging</strong><strong>:</strong> Baby’s body or head gets stuck between two objects, such as a mattress and wall, bed frame, or furniture. <img alt="An illustration of wedging/entrapment: when a baby’s body or head gets stuck between two objects, such as a mattress, and bed frame, or furniture." data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="399a9558-d8c1-4491-afcd-64613626d8b1" src="/sites/default/files/inline-images/cdc-graphic_sleep-related-deaths_wedging_0.png"></li> <li><strong>Suffocation</strong><strong>:</strong> Something, such as a pillow or an adult’s arm, covers baby’s face and nose. <img alt="An illustration of a baby with soft bedding in the crib, which can limit breathing." data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="b5d73be7-eeb7-4738-9522-35e0698a42ba" src="/sites/default/files/inline-images/cdc-graphic_sleep-related-deaths_soft-bedding_0.png"></li> <li><strong>Strangulation</strong><strong>: </strong>Something presses on or wraps around baby’s neck or head. <img alt="An illustration of overlay: When another person shares the sleep surface with the infant and lays on or rolls on top of or against the infant while sleeping, blocking the infant's airway." data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="f969efd8-bd0a-4211-b859-d2e363a1a00c" src="/sites/default/files/inline-images/cdc-graphic_sleep-related-deaths_overlay_0.png"></li> </ul> <p>These deaths are different from Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), but they are a type of Sudden Unexpected Infant Death (SUID).</p> <p><strong>Room sharing:</strong> Keeping baby in the same room as parents but on a separate sleep surface made for infants. Keeping a safety-approved crib,* bassinet, or portable play yard right next to the adult bed makes it easier to feed, comfort, and check on the baby during the night without having to get completely out of bed. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends room sharing for at least the baby’s first 6 months to reduce the risk of SIDS and other sleep-related deaths.</p> <p><strong>Bed sharing:</strong> Sharing a sleep surface—such as an adult bed, couch, or armchair—with a baby. Bed sharing greatly increases the risk of SIDS and other sleep-related infant deaths, such as accidental suffocation or entrapment. Learn more about <a href="/about/risk-factors">the risks of bed sharing</a>.</p> <p><strong>Co-sleeping: </strong>A general term for sleeping near or with an infant. This term can describe both room sharing and bed sharing. Therefore, <a href="https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/138/5/e20162940#sec-11">AAP and other provider groups recommend against using this term</a>. <a aria-label="(Link is external)" href="/external-disclaimer" tabindex="0" target="_blank" title="(Link is external)"><img alt="external link" class="data-external" src="/themes/custom/sts/images/externallink.svg"></a></p> <p><strong>Crib or cot death:</strong> An older term for SIDS that focused on the sleep area. Because SIDS can occur in any sleep area, such as a crib, bassinet, or portable crib/play yard, the term is no longer used.</p> <div class="text-callout margin-bottom-4"><a href="/safe-sleep/environment">Learn more about creating a safe sleep area for baby.</a></div> <div data-embed-button="node" data-entity-embed-display="view_mode:node.flag" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="8e7fb3f7-72e4-4d48-866c-35fbc17ece06" data-langcode="en" data-entity-embed-display-settings="[]" class="embedded-entity"> <div data-history-node-id="210" class="video-card-item home-page-video-card grid-row"> <div class="video-embed-column tablet-lg:grid-col-7 display-flex flex-align-center"> <div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9"> <p><iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen height="415" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/-ELZirhL0s0" title="Safe Infant Sleep for Grandparents and Other Trusted Caregivers – 2 Minutes 10 Seconds" width="738"></iframe></p> </div> </div> <div class="content-column tablet-lg:grid-col-5 padding-3 display-flex flex-align-center"> <div class="content-column-container"> <h2><span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Safe Infant Sleep for Trusted Caregivers</span> </h2> <p>This 2-minute video educates grandparents-to-be and other trusted caregivers about safe infant sleep practices.</p> <a class="text-alternative" href="/resources/caregivers/grandparents/transcript_English210" aria-label="Text transcript of Safe Infant Sleep for Trusted Caregivers video.">Text Alternative</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div data-embed-button="nichd_citations_embed_btn" data-entity-embed-display="view_mode:nichd_citations.citations" data-entity-type="nichd_citations" data-entity-uuid="9ce3da13-21a4-4d39-9ebe-8dda2da8cb65" data-langcode="en" data-entity-embed-display-settings="[]" class="embedded-entity"> <div class="nichd_citations usa-accordion margin-top-2"> <h2 class="usa-accordion__heading"> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="citation-id-9"> Citations </button> </h2> <div id="citation-id-9" class="usa-accordion__content usa-prose citation"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-body field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><ol> <li><a name="f1"></a>Moon, R. Y., Carlin, R. F., Hand, I., Task Force on Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, & Committee on Fetus and Newborn. (2022). Sleep-related infant deaths: Updated 2022 recommendations for reducing infant deaths in the sleep environment. <em>Pediatrics,</em> <em>150</em>(1), e2022057990. Retrieved December 23, 2022, from <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35726558/" target="_blank">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35726558/</a>.</li> </ol> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> <!-- googleoff: index --> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer class="usa-footer usa-footer--big" role="contentinfo"> <div class="usa-footer__return-to-top"> <a href="#" class="uswds-sts-button button-dark"> <svg class="usa-icon" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="img"> <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/uswds_sts/assets/img/sprite.svg#arrow_upward"></use> </svg> To top </a> </div> <div class="footer-top"> <div class="usa-footer__primary-section"> <div class="grid-container"> <div class="grid-row grid-gap"> <div class="grid-col-12 mobile-lg:grid-col-9 mobile-lg:margin-bottom-2"> <h2 class="margin-top-3 margin-bottom-0">Stay in touch with the Safe to Sleep<sup>®</sup> campaign!</h2> <p class="margin-top-1 margin-bottom-1">Sign up to get updates on the Safe to 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