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You could also send an email to the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Stewards" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/Stewards">stewards</a> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/VRT" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/VRT">VRT</a> queue at <kbd>stewards@wikimedia.org</kbd> including all above details. </p> </div> <p>Other useful links: <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_blocks" class="extiw" title="m:Global blocks">Global blocks</a> · <a href="/wiki/Help:I_have_been_blocked" title="Help:I have been blocked">Help:I have been blocked</a> </p> </div></li></ul><hr /> <div id="viewsourcetext">You can view and copy the source of this page:</div><textarea readonly="" accesskey="," id="wpTextbox1" cols="80" rows="25" style="" class="mw-editfont-monospace" lang="en" dir="ltr" name="wpTextbox1">=={{anchor|Sources & historiography}}Sources and historiography== The journals, letters and published articles of the first three missionaries of the [[Church Mission Society|Church Missionary Society]] in [[East Africa]] (Johann Ludwig Krapf, Johannes Rebmann and Jakob Erhardt), written during the 1840s and 1850s, contain the earliest references to the Lumbwa;<ref>Falola, T., & Jennings, C., Sources and Methods in African History: Spoken, Written, Unearthed p.173-174 [https://books.google.com/books?id=CS5tHpdMMa4C online]</ref> Krapf arrived on the East African coast in December 1843, and made his first trip into the interior in January 1844. He encountered reports of the nearby "Okooafee" and their southern neighbors, the "Quapee". Krapf deduced within a year that the two groups were the same people, and he began referring to them as ''Wakuafi'' in his writings. In 1852, he learned that the Wakuafi referred to themselves as ''Iloikop''.<ref name="auto">Falola, T., & Jennings, C., Sources and Methods in African History: Spoken, Written, Unearthed p.174</ref> At this time, The [[Swahili language|Swahili]] name ''Wakuafi'' was used to describe all Iloikop peoples, although it was later narrowed to represent only the non-Maasai Iloikop. It is suggested that the term ''Humba'' (or ''Lumbwa'') was a [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] word used by the [[Bantu peoples|Bantu]] of the interior to refer to the same group of pastoralists.<ref name="auto"/> Accounts by missionaries and explorers during the 1870s and 1880s generally agreed with those of early missionaries, with distinctions among the Maasai, Wakwavi and Lumbwa beginning to appear. In an early account, Thomas Wakefield described the "poor Wakwavi ... [who,] having long since been robbed of their cattle by the Maasai, were compelled to turn their attention to agricultural pursuits". Charles New concurred in 1873 with his predecessors' assertion that the Maasai and "Wakuavi" called themselves Orloikob, which he translated as "possessors of the soil"; both groups were pastoralists. James Last (who was stationed at Mamboia in central Tanzania during the 1880s) concluded – like Krapf – that "Humba" was an equivalent term for "Kwavi", and both peoples were pastoralists.<ref name="auto"/> By the early 20th century, Maasai identity was distinct from that of the Wakwavi. The latter term being used to refer to non-Maasai Loikop. The term Lumbwa was by then primarily used to refer to the Kipsigis sections of the Kalenjin though it still appeared to have multiple connotations. A. C. Hollis, writing about the Maasai in 1905, identifies two divisions: those living in British territory and "who called themselves Il-Maasae", and others "... who were called 'L-Oikop or Il-Lumbwa, [who] lived in German East Africa" as farmers.<ref>Falola, T., & Jennings, C., Sources and Methods in African History: Spoken, Written, Unearthed p.188</ref> In his account of the Nandi also published in 1905, he notes extensively that the Nandi referred to the Kipsigis as Lumbwa.<ref name="auto1">A. C. Hollis. ''[https://archive.org/details/cu31924029888777 The Nandi: Their Language and Folklore]''. 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