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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oberennoù"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Oberennoù</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oberennoù-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Levrlennadur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Levrlennadur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Levrlennadur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Levrlennadur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liammoù_diavaez" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liammoù_diavaez"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Liammoù diavaez</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liammoù_diavaez-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notennoù" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notennoù"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notennoù</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notennoù-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Taolenn" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gwintañ an daolenn" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gwintañ an daolenn</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Leo Africanus</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mont d’ur pennad en ur yezh all. 42 yezh a zo." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-42" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">42 yezh</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%8A" title="ليون الإفريقي – arabeg" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ليون الإفريقي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86_%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86" title="لحسن لوزان – arabeg Maroko" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لحسن لوزان" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="arabeg Maroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leon_Afrikik" title="Leon Afrikik – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Leon Afrikik" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrikal%C4%B1_Lev" title="Afrikalı Lev – azerbaidjaneg" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Afrikalı Lev" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaidjaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%9E_%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Леў Афрыканскі – belaruseg" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Леў Афрыканскі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belaruseg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8A%D0%B2_%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Лъв Африкански – bulgareg" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Лъв Африкански" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgareg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lle%C3%B3_l%27Afric%C3%A0" title="Lleó l'Africà – katalaneg" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Lleó l'Africà" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Africanus" title="Leo Africanus – tchekeg" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Leo Africanus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchekeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Africanus" title="Leo Africanus – kembraeg" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Leo Africanus" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="kembraeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Africanus" title="Leo Africanus – alamaneg" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Leo Africanus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alamaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%AD%CF%89%CE%BD_%CE%BF_%CE%91%CF%86%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Λέων ο Αφρικανός – gresianeg" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λέων ο Αφρικανός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gresianeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Africanus" title="Leo Africanus – saozneg" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Leo Africanus" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="saozneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le%C3%B3n_el_Africano" title="León el Africano – spagnoleg" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="León el Africano" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnoleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Africanus" title="Leo Africanus – estoneg" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Leo Africanus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leon_Afrikarra" title="Leon Afrikarra – euskareg" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Leon Afrikarra" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="euskareg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A6%D9%88_%D8%A2%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B3" title="لئو آفریکانوس – perseg" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لئو آفریکانوس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perseg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Africanus" title="Leo Africanus – finneg" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Leo Africanus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9on_l%27Africain" title="Léon l'Africain – galleg" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Léon l'Africain" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="galleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le%C3%B3n_o_Africano" title="León o Africano – galizeg" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="León o Africano" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galizeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95_%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A1" title="ליאו אפריקנוס – hebraeg" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ליאו אפריקנוס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Africanus" title="Leo Africanus – indonezeg" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Leo Africanus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leone_l%27Africano" title="Leone l'Africano – italianeg" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Leone l'Africano" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italianeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AC%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%95%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E3%83%8C%E3%82%B9" title="レオ・アフリカヌス – japaneg" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="レオ・アフリカヌス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A0%88%EC%98%A4_%EC%95%84%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%B4%EB%88%84%EC%8A%A4" title="레오 아프리카누스 – koreaneg" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="레오 아프리카누스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Africanus" title="Leo Africanus – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Leo Africanus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonas_Afrikietis" title="Leonas Afrikietis – lituaneg" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Leonas Afrikietis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Africanus" title="Leo Africanus – malayseg" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Leo Africanus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malayseg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Africanus" title="Leo Africanus – nederlandeg" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Leo Africanus" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Africanus" title="Leo Africanus – poloneg" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Leo Africanus" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86" title="الحسن ابن محمد الوزان – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="الحسن ابن محمد الوزان" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le%C3%A3o,_o_Africano" title="Leão, o Africano – portugaleg" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Leão, o Africano" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leon_Africanul" title="Leon Africanul – roumaneg" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Leon Africanul" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Лев Африканский – rusianeg" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лев Африканский" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusianeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liuni_l%27Africanu" title="Liuni l'Africanu – sikilieg" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Liuni l'Africanu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sikilieg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leon_Afrikanac" title="Leon Afrikanac – serb-kroateg" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Leon Afrikanac" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serb-kroateg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Africanus" title="Leo Africanus – slovakeg" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Leo Africanus" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Africanus" title="Leo Africanus – svedeg" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Leo Africanus" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Africanus" title="Leo Africanus – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Leo Africanus" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Лев Африканський – ukraineg" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Лев Африканський" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraineg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86" title="الحسن ابن محمد الوزان – ourdou" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="الحسن ابن محمد الوزان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ourdou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leyon_l%27_Afrikin" title="Leyon l' Afrikin – walloneg" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Leyon l' Afrikin" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="walloneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E5%A5%A5%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E9%9D%9E%E5%88%A9%E5%8A%A0%E5%8A%AA%E6%96%AF" title="利奥·阿非利加努斯 – sinaeg" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="利奥·阿非利加努斯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="sinaeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q332790#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Kemmañ al liammoù etreyezhel" class="wbc-editpage">Kemmañ al liammoù</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="br" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" style="font-size:90%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" class="talbenn den" style="height:45px; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; font-size:150%; font-weight:bolder; line-height:1.2em; color:#000; background-color:#008000;color:#fff">Leo Africanus </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Sebastiano_del_Piombo_Portrait_of_a_Humanist.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Sebastiano_del_Piombo_Portrait_of_a_Humanist.jpg/240px-Sebastiano_del_Piombo_Portrait_of_a_Humanist.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="326" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Sebastiano_del_Piombo_Portrait_of_a_Humanist.jpg/360px-Sebastiano_del_Piombo_Portrait_of_a_Humanist.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Sebastiano_del_Piombo_Portrait_of_a_Humanist.jpg/480px-Sebastiano_del_Piombo_Portrait_of_a_Humanist.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7316" data-file-height="9937" /></a></span><br /><i>Poltred un denelour</i><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Sebastiano_del_Piombo" title="Sebastiano del Piombo">Sebastiano del Piombo</a>, <i>c.</i> <a href="/wiki/1520" title="1520">1520</a></small><br /><small>Marteze <b>Leo Africanus</b></small><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Ganedigezh</b></td> <td><i>c.</i> <a href="/wiki/1494" title="1494">1494</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Emirate_of_Granada_(1013-1492).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Emirate_of_Granada_%281013-1492%29.svg/20px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Emirate_of_Granada_%281013-1492%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Emirate_of_Granada_%281013-1492%29.svg/30px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Emirate_of_Granada_%281013-1492%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Emirate_of_Granada_%281013-1492%29.svg/40px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Emirate_of_Granada_%281013-1492%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1108" data-file-height="1066" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Nazaried" title="Nazaried">Emirelezh Granada</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Marv</b></td> <td><i>c.</i> <a href="/wiki/1554" title="1554">1554</a><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Flag_of_Tunisia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Tuniz" title="Tuniz">Tuniz</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Micher</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Diplomatiezh" title="Diplomatiezh">Diplomat</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Douaroniezh" title="Douaroniezh">Douaroniour</a><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Pennoberenn</b></td> <td><i>Descrittione dell'Africa</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Al-Hasan ibn Mohammed al-Wazzan al-Fasi</b>, <a href="/wiki/Arabeg" title="Arabeg">arabeg</a> : <b>حسن ابن محمد الوزان الفاسي‎</b><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, lesanvet <b>Joannes Leo Africanus</b> e <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">latin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Granada_(Spagn)" title="Granada (Spagn)">Granada</a> <i>c.</i> <a href="/wiki/1494" title="1494">1494</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tuniz" title="Tuniz">Tuniz</a>, <i>c.</i> <a href="/wiki/1554" title="1554">1554</a>) a oa un <a href="/wiki/Diplomatiezh" title="Diplomatiezh">diplomat</a>, un <a href="/wiki/Douaroniezh" title="Douaroniezh">douaroniour</a> hag ur skrivagner <a href="/w/index.php?title=Berbered&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Berbered (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">berber</a> eus <a href="/wiki/Al-Andalus" title="Al-Andalus">Al-Andalus</a>.<br /> Anavezet eo evit e levr <a href="/wiki/Douaroniezh" title="Douaroniezh">douaroniezh</a> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deskrivadur_eus_Afrika_(levr)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deskrivadur eus Afrika (levr) (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Descrittione dell'Africa</a></i> ("Deskrivadur eus <a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrika</a>"), bet embannet e <a href="/wiki/Venezia" title="Venezia">Venezia</a> e <a href="/wiki/1550" title="1550">1550</a>, diwar-benn ar <a href="/wiki/Maghreb" title="Maghreb">Maghreb</a> ha <a href="/wiki/Nil" title="Nil">traoñienn an Nil</a> dreist-holl.<br /> Un dave divrall e chomas labour Leo Africanus e metoù douaroniourien <a href="/wiki/Europa" class="mw-redirect" title="Europa">Europa</a> betek ma voe ergerzhet Afrika gant Europiz en <a href="/wiki/XIXvet_kantved" title="XIXvet kantved"><span style="text-transform:lowercase;font-variant:small-caps">XIX</span><small><sup>vet</sup></small> kantved</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Buhez">Buhez</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leo_Africanus&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Buhez" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leo_Africanus&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Buhez"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Restr:LeoAfricanus-GeoHistorieAfrica-1554.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/LeoAfricanus-GeoHistorieAfrica-1554.jpg/240px-LeoAfricanus-GeoHistorieAfrica-1554.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="383" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/LeoAfricanus-GeoHistorieAfrica-1554.jpg/360px-LeoAfricanus-GeoHistorieAfrica-1554.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/LeoAfricanus-GeoHistorieAfrica-1554.jpg/480px-LeoAfricanus-GeoHistorieAfrica-1554.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="1436" /></a><figcaption>Embannadur 1554</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Restr:LeoAfricanus-JohnPory-GeoHistorieAfrica-1600.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/LeoAfricanus-JohnPory-GeoHistorieAfrica-1600.jpg/240px-LeoAfricanus-JohnPory-GeoHistorieAfrica-1600.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="389" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/LeoAfricanus-JohnPory-GeoHistorieAfrica-1600.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="405" /></a><figcaption>Embannadur saoznek, <a href="/wiki/1600" title="1600">1600</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A-zivout buhez Leo Africanus ne ouzer nemet ar pezh a skrivas e-unan en e labourioù.<br /> Kenglev zo etre al lenneien evit lakaat bloaz ganedigezh Al-Hasan ibn Mohammed tro-dro da 1494, diouzh ar pezh a skrivas an douaroniour a-zivout e oad a vare da vare. </p><p>Nebeud goude e c'hanedigezh e Granada ez eas e diegezh da chom da <a href="/wiki/Fes" title="Fes">Fes</a>, e <a href="/wiki/Maroko" title="Maroko">Maroko</a>, en abeg da vrezelioù ar <i><a href="/wiki/Reconquista" title="Reconquista">Reconquista</a></i> spagnol. Eno e studias Al-Hasan e skol-veur Al-Qarawiyyin. </p><p>War-dro ar bloaz <a href="/wiki/1510" title="1510">1510</a>, hag eñ oadet war-dro 16 vloaz, ez ambrougas e eontr da geñver ur gefridi ziplomatel o c'hasas ker pell ha <a href="/wiki/Tombouktou" title="Tombouktou">Timbuktu</a> en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Impalaeriezh_Songhai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Impalaeriezh Songhai (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Impalaeriezh Songhai</a>.<br /> Seizh vloaz goude, e <a href="/wiki/1517" title="1517">1517</a>, p'edo war an distro eus ur gefridi ziplomatel all e <a href="/wiki/Kergustentin" title="Kergustentin">Kergustentin</a> en <a href="/wiki/Impalaeriezh_roman_ar_Reter" title="Impalaeriezh roman ar Reter">Impalaeriezh roman ar Reter</a> (<a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a> e <a href="/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia">Turkia</a> hiziv) a-berzh <a href="/wiki/Sultan" title="Sultan">sultan</a> Fes, en em gavas Al-Hasan e porzh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rachid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rachid (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Rachid</a> e-kichen <a href="/wiki/Aleksandria" title="Aleksandria">Aleksandria</a> e <a href="/wiki/Delta_(st%C3%AAr)" title="Delta (stêr)">delta</a> ar stêr Nil e-kerzh aloubadeg <a href="/wiki/Egipt" title="Egipt">Egipt</a> gant an <a href="/wiki/Impalaeriezh_otoman" title="Impalaeriezh otoman">Impalaeriezh otoman</a>. Pa ne c'hallas ket kenderc'hel gant e veaj war-du ar Maghreb e troas war-du ar Su a-hed an Nil. Goude gweladenniñ <a href="/wiki/Kaero" title="Kaero">Kaero</a> e tiskennas betek <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aswan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aswan (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Aswan</a> ; eno a treuzas ar <a href="/wiki/Mor_Ruz" title="Mor Ruz">Mor Ruz</a> war-du <a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a> en <a href="/wiki/Arabia" title="Arabia">Arabia</a> ha hep mar e sevenas ar birc'hirinded da <a href="/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka">Vekka</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>P'edo Al-Hasan o tistreiñ da Varoko dre <a href="/wiki/Mor" title="Mor">vor</a> e <a href="/wiki/1518" title="1518">1518</a> e voe paket gant <a href="/wiki/Brezel_kourserezh" title="Brezel kourserezh">kourserien</a> <a href="/wiki/Spagn" title="Spagn">spagnol</a> a-vaez da <a href="/wiki/Kreta" title="Kreta">Greta</a> ha bac'het en <a href="/wiki/Enez_Rodos" title="Enez Rodos">Enez Rodos</a> dindan evezh ar <a href="/wiki/Urzh_Sant_Yann_Jeruzalem" title="Urzh Sant Yann Jeruzalem">Varc'heien Herberc'hour</a> hag a oa o stourm ouzh ar <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">vuzulmaded</a>. E-lec'h avat bout lakaet da <a href="/wiki/Sklaverezh" title="Sklaverezh">sklav</a> roeñver war ar galeoù <a href="/wiki/Kristeniezh" title="Kristeniezh">kristen</a> evel ma veze ar boaz e voe merzet e zere, ha kaset e voe da <a href="/wiki/Castel_Sant%27Angelo" class="mw-redirect" title="Castel Sant'Angelo">gastell Sant'Angelo</a> e <a href="/wiki/Roma" title="Roma">Roma</a> kent bout kinniget d'ar <a href="/wiki/Pab" title="Pab">pab</a> <a href="/wiki/Leon_X" title="Leon X">Leon X</a>.<br /> Hennezh a zamante aloubadeg <a href="/wiki/Sikilia" title="Sikilia">Sikilia</a> ha Su <a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a> gant an Durked : un diplomat arroutet a vije ur c'huzulier prizius evit a selle ouzh aferioù <a href="/wiki/Afrika_an_Norzh" title="Afrika an Norzh">Afrika an Norzh</a>, setu en e lakaas en e frankiz hag e kinnigas ur gopr dezhañ evit ma chomje en e servij. Asantiñ a reas an diplomat, ha <a href="/wiki/Badeziant" title="Badeziant">badezet</a> e voe e <a href="/wiki/1520" title="1520">1520</a> e <a href="/wiki/Penniliz_Sant-P%C3%AAr" title="Penniliz Sant-Pêr">Penniliz Sant-Pêr</a> dindan an anv latin <i>Johannes Leo de Medicis</i> – diwar <i><a href="/wiki/Tiegezh_Medici" title="Tiegezh Medici">Medici</a></i>, anv-familh ar pab Leon X ; anvet e voe <i>Giovanni Leone</i> en italianeg, hogen gwell e voe dezhañ treiñ e anv nevez en arabeg dre <i>Yuhanna al-Asad al-Gharnati</i> ("Yann al Leon eus Granada").<br /> Goude e vadeziant ez eas an douaroniour da veajiñ dre Italia e-pad tri pe bevar bloaz. Pa varvas Leon X e <a href="/wiki/1521" title="1521">1521</a>, e warlerc'hiad <a href="/wiki/Adrian_VI" title="Adrian VI">Adrian VI</a> a vagas diskred war ur Maour en e lez : gwell e voe da Leo Africanus kuitaat Roma neuze da vont da vevañ e <a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a>. Eno, e <a href="/wiki/1524" title="1524">1524</a>, e skrivas ur geriadur arabeg-<a href="/wiki/Hebraeg" title="Hebraeg">hebraeg</a>-latin a-zivout ar <a href="/wiki/Mezegiezh" title="Mezegiezh">vezegiezh</a> evit ar mezeg <a href="/wiki/Yuzevien" title="Yuzevien">yuzev</a> Jakob Mantino ben Shemuel († <a href="/wiki/1549" title="1549">1549</a>) ; war-dro an arabeg hepken e reas Leo Africanus, a sinas <i>Yuhanna al-Asad al-Gharnati</i> ; e Bologna ivez ez aozas ur <a href="/wiki/Yezhadur" title="Yezhadur">yezhadur</a> arabek na anaver nemet un tamm anezhañ, eizh pajenn ennañ.<br /> Goude marv Adrian VI e <a href="/wiki/1523" title="1523">1523</a> e pignas <a href="/wiki/Klema%C3%B1s_VII_(pab)" title="Klemañs VII (pab)">Klemañs VII</a> war kador <a href="/wiki/P%C3%AAr_(abostol)" title="Pêr (abostol)">sant Pêr</a> ; hennezh a vennas gwareziñ Johannes Leo de Medicis, a zistroas d'al lez e <a href="/wiki/1526" title="1526">1526</a>. En hevelep bloavezh ez echuas e zornskrid a-zivout douaroniezh Afrika. </p><p>Meur a gentel zo a-zivout dibenn buhez Leo Africanus, diasur an holl anezho. </p> <ul><li>Hervez lod istorourien e chomas e Roma betek e varv war-dro ar bloaz 1550, pa voe embannet <i>Descrittione dell'Africa</i>, kement-se diwar damvenegoù a lenner e raklavarioù embannadurioù dalif.</li> <li>Hervez lod all e kuitaas Roma nebeut goude <a href="/wiki/Arigrap_Roma_(1527)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arigrap Roma (1527)">arigrap</a> kêr gant soudarded <a href="/wiki/Karl_V_an_Impalaeriezh_Santel" title="Karl V an Impalaeriezh Santel">Karl V an Impalaeriezh Santel</a> e <a href="/wiki/1527" title="1527">1527</a> hag e tistroas da Duniz ma chomas betek e varv war-dro ar bloaz 1554, kement-se diwar skridoù ar reteroniour <a href="/wiki/Alamagn" title="Alamagn">alaman</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Johann_Albrecht_Widmannstetter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johann Albrecht Widmannstetter (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Johann Albrecht Widmannstetter</a> (<a href="/wiki/1506" title="1506">1506</a>-<a href="/wiki/1557" title="1557">1557</a>) : en e zanevelloù e kont hennezh penaos ez eas da Italia da gejañ ouzh Leo Africanus, a oa aet kuit da Dunizia dija ; ne zeuas ket a-benn an Alaman da vont di, met gouzout a reas edo ar Berber e Tuniz ma oa distroet da feiz an islam.</li> <li>Un trede tezenn eo e tec'has Leo Africanus eus Tuniz e-kerz kemeridigezh kêr e <a href="/wiki/1535" title="1535">1535</a> gant Karl V, da vont da Fes m'edo e familh o chom c'hoazh, kement-se diwar ar goulakadur ne fellas ket dezhañ bevañ un eil gwech dindan beli <a href="/wiki/Iliz_katolik_roman" title="Iliz katolik roman">Iliz</a> Spagn, ha diwar ar fed ma skrivas en <i>Descrittione</i> e c'hoant da echuiñ e vuhez en e vro « gant sikour Doue ».</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deskrivadur_Afrika">Deskrivadur Afrika</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leo_Africanus&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Deskrivadur Afrika" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leo_Africanus&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Deskrivadur Afrika"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table> <tbody><tr valign="top"> <td><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Atlas_Van_der_Hagen-KW1049B13_057-BARBARIA.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Atlas_Van_der_Hagen-KW1049B13_057-BARBARIA.jpeg/310px-Atlas_Van_der_Hagen-KW1049B13_057-BARBARIA.jpeg" decoding="async" width="310" height="268" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Atlas_Van_der_Hagen-KW1049B13_057-BARBARIA.jpeg/465px-Atlas_Van_der_Hagen-KW1049B13_057-BARBARIA.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Atlas_Van_der_Hagen-KW1049B13_057-BARBARIA.jpeg/620px-Atlas_Van_der_Hagen-KW1049B13_057-BARBARIA.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="5500" data-file-height="4748" /></a><figcaption>Kartenn <i>Barbaria</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jan_Janssonius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jan Janssonius (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Jan Janssonius</a>, <i>c.</i> <a href="/wiki/1650" title="1650">1650</a></figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="padding-left:25px;"> <p>E <i>Descrittione dell'Africa</i>, echuet e 1526, emañ ar munudoù kentañ a-zivout an "aodoù berber" (<a href="/wiki/Aljeria" title="Aljeria">Aljeria</a>, Maroko ha Tunizia) ha hentoù kenwerzh an <a href="/wiki/Aour" title="Aour">aour</a> etre <a href="/wiki/Rouantelezh" title="Rouantelezh">rouantelezhioù</a> ar Maghreb bet embannet en Europa. </p><p>Nav levrenn a ya da ober pennoberenn Leo Africanus : ul levrenn ginnig + seizh levrenn ma teskriv rouantelezhioù Fes, <a href="/wiki/Marrakech" title="Marrakech">Marrakech</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tlemsen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tlemsen (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Tlemsen</a> ha Tuniz, rannvro <a href="/wiki/Numidia" title="Numidia">Numidia</a>, Egipt hag <a href="/wiki/Afrika_issahara" title="Afrika issahara">Afrika issahara</a> war bevennoù an <a href="/wiki/Dezerzh" title="Dezerzh">dezerzh</a> + ul levrenn stagadennoù a-zivout ar stêrioù, al <a href="/wiki/Loened" class="mw-redirect" title="Loened">loened</a> hag ar <a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">plant</a>. </p><p>E-pad 24 bloaz e tremenas an dornskrid a zorn da zorn betek erruout e Venezia e ti ar mouller Giovanni Battista Ramusio e <a href="/wiki/1545" title="1545">1545</a> ; eno e voe ensellet gant al lenneg <a href="/wiki/Pietro_Bembo" title="Pietro Bembo">Pietro Bembo</a> (<a href="/wiki/1470" title="1470">1470</a>-<a href="/wiki/1547" title="1547">1547</a>), a alias ma vije moullet.<br /> E <a href="/wiki/1550" title="1550">1550</a> e voe embannet labour Leo Africanus gant G. B. Ramusio dindan an anv <i>Della descrittione dell’Africa et delle cose notabili che iui sono, per Giovan Lioni Africano</i> ("A-zivout deskrivadur Afrika hag an traoù heverk a zo eno").<br /> Diouzhtu e voe brudet al levr, hag advoullet pemp gwech dindan an anv <i>Delle navigationi e viaggi</i> ("A-zivout ar merdeadennoù hag ar beajoù"). Troidigezhioù latin ha <a href="/wiki/Gallek" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallek">gallek</a> a voe embannet e <a href="/wiki/1556" title="1556">1556</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saoznek" class="mw-redirect" title="Saoznek">saoznek</a> e <a href="/wiki/1600" title="1600">1600</a> – siwazh, kalz fazioù a oa en embannadur latin a servijas d'an hini saoznek. </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Saludet e voe al levr en abeg d'e spisted, d'ur mare ma ne ouie Europiz tost da netra diwar-benn douaroniezh Afrika ha ma oa an Iliz katolik roman o vrezeliñ ouzh an Impalaeriezh otoman koulz e diazad ar <a href="/wiki/Mor_Kreizdouar" title="Mor Kreizdouar">Mor Kreizdouar</a> hag en <a href="/wiki/Europa_ar_Reter" title="Europa ar Reter">Europa ar Reter</a>. </p><p>Goude bout ensellet dornskrid Leo Africanus e skrivas Pietro Bembo en ul lizher deiziadet 2 a viz Ebrel 1545 : « Ne c'hallan ket kompren penaos e c'hellfe un den kaout kement a ditouroù dre ar munud a-zivout an traoù-se. »<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Meur a istorour zo savet a-du gant raksantad lenneg ar <a href="/wiki/XVIvet_kantved" title="XVIvet kantved"><span style="text-transform:lowercase;font-variant:small-caps">XVI</span><small><sup>vet</sup></small> kantved</a>. </p><p>Diwirheñvel un tamm eo en devije gallet Leo Africanus ensellout an holl lec'hioù a zeskriv, abalamour da ec'honder an dachenn ha da aozioù ar beajiñ d'e vare ; diarvar eo en enep e rankas fiziout e beajourien all, kenwerzhourien an darn vuiañ anezho. Diasur pergen eo en devije gweladennet na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bro-Haoussa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bro-Haoussa (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Bro-Haoussa</a> e <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a> ar Gevred ha <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a> an Norzh, na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Impalaeriezh_Kornem-Bornu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Impalaeriezh Kornem-Bornu (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">rouantelezh Bornu</a> e <a href="/wiki/Tchad" title="Tchad">Tchad</a> ha Nigeria ar Biz, ker pell m'emaint diouzh ar Maghreb ha diouzh bevenn Su ar <a href="/wiki/Sahara" title="Sahara">Sahara</a>. </p><p>Marteze ne voe ket treuzet ar Sahara gant an douaroniour, zoken : trawalc'h e vije bet dezhañ atersiñ beajourien e Maroko. Hervez an istorour Pekka Masonen e voe faziet meur a lenneg pa gredjont e oa levr Leo Africanus deskrivadur un hent hepken, e-lec'h ur c'hendastumad beajoù graet evit gwir ha titouroù deuet diwar mammennoù all<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Oberennoù"><span id="Oberenno.C3.B9"></span>Oberennoù</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leo_Africanus&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Oberennoù" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leo_Africanus&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Oberennoù"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Restr:1524_dictionary_by_Yuhanna_al-Asad_and_Jacob_Mantino_Arabic-Hebrew-Latin_p_alif.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/1524_dictionary_by_Yuhanna_al-Asad_and_Jacob_Mantino_Arabic-Hebrew-Latin_p_alif.jpg/220px-1524_dictionary_by_Yuhanna_al-Asad_and_Jacob_Mantino_Arabic-Hebrew-Latin_p_alif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="268" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/1524_dictionary_by_Yuhanna_al-Asad_and_Jacob_Mantino_Arabic-Hebrew-Latin_p_alif.jpg/330px-1524_dictionary_by_Yuhanna_al-Asad_and_Jacob_Mantino_Arabic-Hebrew-Latin_p_alif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/1524_dictionary_by_Yuhanna_al-Asad_and_Jacob_Mantino_Arabic-Hebrew-Latin_p_alif.jpg/440px-1524_dictionary_by_Yuhanna_al-Asad_and_Jacob_Mantino_Arabic-Hebrew-Latin_p_alif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="458" data-file-height="558" /></a><figcaption>Al lizherenn <big><b>ﺍ</b></big> <i> 'Alif </i> e geriaoueg Leo Africanus ha Jakob Mantino</figcaption></figure> <p><i>Descrittione dell'Africa</i> evel-just eo pennoberenn Leo Africanus. </p><p>Kollet eo bet dornskrid ar c'heriaoueg evit ar vezegiezh bet meneget amañ a-us dija, war-bouez un nebeud follennoù. Biskoazh n'eo bet moullet war a hañval.<br /> Kollet ivez eo bet e Yezhadur arabek. </p><p>Ul labour all diwar dorn an diplomat gounezet d'ar gristeniezh eo e zroidigezh arabek eus <a href="/wiki/Lizhero%C3%B9_Paol" title="Lizheroù Paol">lizheroù Paol Tars</a>, deiziadet e miz Genver <a href="/wiki/1521" title="1521">1521</a> ; e Biblioteca Estense <a href="/wiki/Modena" title="Modena">Modena</a> emañ an dornskrid hiziv. </p><p>Un dornskrid all zo deuet betek ennomp : un dastumad buhezskridoù holloueziadurel diwar-benn 25 lenneg muzulman ha 5 lenneg yuzev, bet echuet e Roma kent arigrap 1527. Ret e voe gortoz <a href="/wiki/1664" title="1664">1664</a> evit ma vije embannet e latin gant al <a href="/wiki/Lizheregouriezh" title="Lizheregouriezh">lizheregour</a> ha <a href="/wiki/Doueoniezh" title="Doueoniezh">doueoniour</a> <a href="/wiki/Suis" title="Suis">suis</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Johann_Heinrich_Hottinger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johann Heinrich Hottinger (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Johann Heinrich Hottinger</a> (<a href="/wiki/1620" title="1620">1620</a>-<a href="/wiki/1667" title="1667">1667</a>). A-boan ma voe merzet ar pezh labour-se en Europa. Meur a fazi zo bet kavet ennañ ; hervez al lenneien ez eo c'hoarvezet kement-se abalamour ma ne c'helle ket an aozer tizhout titouroù er bed muzulman p'edo e Roma, ha ret e oa dezhañ fiziout en e eñvor hepken neuze. </p><p>En <i>Descrittione</i> e ra Leo Africanus meneg eus labourioù war ar stern, evel deskrivadurioù eus lec'hioù er <a href="/wiki/Reter-Nesa%C3%B1" title="Reter-Nesañ">Reter-Nesañ</a> ha deskrivadurioù eus reoù all en Europa. Raktresoù all e oa ul levr da zisplegañ an islam, hag unan all a-zivout istor Afrika an Norzh.<br /> Hini ebet eus al labourioù-se zo deuet betek ennomp, ha den ne oar hag-eñ e oant bet boulc'het ha kaset da benn. Marteze e oa bet ret d'al lenneg dilezel e raktresoù pa oa distroet d'ar Maghreb. </p> <div style="clear:left;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Levrlennadur">Levrlennadur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leo_Africanus&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Levrlennadur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leo_Africanus&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Levrlennadur"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Leo Africanus</dt></dl> <ul><li><span style="font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;font-size:11px;cursor:help;" title="Yezh : galleg">(fr)</span> <i>Description de l'Afrique</i> (1896), Hachette / BnF, 2016 — Levrenn I <small>(<a href="/wiki/Dibar:Mammenno%C3%B9Levr/9782013712767" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-2-01-371276-7</a>)</small>, Levrenn II <small>(<a href="/wiki/Dibar:Mammenno%C3%B9Levr/9782019167899" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-2-01-916789-9</a>)</small>, Levrenn III <small>(<a href="/wiki/Dibar:Mammenno%C3%B9Levr/9782013712750" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-2-01-371275-0</a> )</small></li></ul> <dl><dt>Diwar-benn Leo Africanus</dt></dl> <ul><li><span style="font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;font-size:11px;cursor:help;" title="Yezh : saozneg">(en)</span> <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">BLACK, Crofton</span> : <i>Leo Africanus's "Descrittione dell'Africa" and Its Sixteenth-Century Translations</i>, e <i>Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes</i>, levrenn 65 (2002), pp. 262–272 • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4135111?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents">Lenn en-linenn</a></li> <li><span style="font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;font-size:11px;cursor:help;" title="Yezh : galleg">(fr)</span> <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">MAALOUF, Amin</span> : <i>Léon l'Africain</i>, Le Livre de Poche, 1987 <small>(<a href="/wiki/Dibar:Mammenno%C3%B9Levr/9782253041931" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-2-253-04193-1</a>)</small></li> <li><span style="font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;font-size:11px;cursor:help;" title="Yezh : saozneg">(en)</span> <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">MASONEN, Pekka</span> (2001) : <i>Leo Africanus: The Man with Many Names</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.leoafricanus.com/pictures/bibliography/Masonen/Masonen.pdf">Lenn en-linenn</a></li> <li><span style="font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;font-size:11px;cursor:help;" title="Yezh : galleg">(fr)</span> <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">MASSIGNON, Louis</span> : <i>Le Maroc dans les premières années du XVIe siècle — Tableau géographique d'après Léon l'Africain</i>, Forgotten Books, 2018 <small>(<a href="/wiki/Dibar:Mammenno%C3%B9Levr/9781391569536" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-391-56953-6</a>)</small></li> <li><span style="font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;font-size:11px;cursor:help;" title="Yezh : alamaneg">(de)</span> <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">RAUCHENBERGER, Dietrich</span> : <i>Johannes Leo der Afrikaner: seine Beschreibung des Raumes zwischen Nil und Niger nach dem Urtext</i>, Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden, 1999 <small>(<a href="/wiki/Dibar:Mammenno%C3%B9Levr/9783447041720" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-447-04172-0</a>)</small>.</li> <li><span style="font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;font-size:11px;cursor:help;" title="Yezh : galleg">(fr)</span> <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">ZEMON DAVIS, Natalie</span> : <i>Léon l'Africain</i>, Payot, 2014 <small>(<a href="/wiki/Dibar:Mammenno%C3%B9Levr/9782228911504" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-2-228-91150-4</a>)</small></li> <li><span style="font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;font-size:11px;cursor:help;" title="Yezh : galleg">(fr)</span> <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">ZHIRI, Oumelbanine & All</span> : <i>Léon l'Africain</i>, Karthala, 2009 <small>(<a href="/wiki/Dibar:Mammenno%C3%B9Levr/9782811102630" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-2-8111-0263-0</a>)</small></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Liammoù_diavaez"><span id="Liammo.C3.B9_diavaez"></span>Liammoù diavaez</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leo_Africanus&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Liammoù diavaez" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leo_Africanus&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Liammoù diavaez"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint" style="clear: right; border: solid #aaa 1px; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; font-size: 90%; background: #f9f9f9; width: 250px; padding: 4px; spacing: 0px; text-align: left; float: right; position: relative"> <div style="float: left;"><br /> <figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Commons"><img alt="Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/35px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/53px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/70px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption>Commons</figcaption></figure> </div> <div style="margin-left: 60px;">Muioc'h a restroù diwar-benn <div style="margin-left: 10px;"> <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Joannes_Leo_Africanus" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Joannes Leo Africanus">Leo Africanus</a></b></i></div> <p>a vo kavet e <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Br/Degemer" class="extiw" title="commons:Br/Degemer"><b>Wikimedia Commons</b></a>. </p> </div> </div> <ul><li><span style="font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;font-size:11px;cursor:help;" title="Yezh : saozneg">(en)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.leoafricanus.com/"><i>Leo Africanus – A 16th Century Exploration of Morocco</i></a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notennoù"><span id="Notenno.C3.B9"></span>Notennoù</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leo_Africanus&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Notennoù" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leo_Africanus&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Notennoù"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small" style="column-count:1; -moz-column-count:1; -webkit-column-count:1;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dianav eo anv an den. Leo Africanus, ur Berber, e vije hervez Dietrich Rauchenberger, <i>op. cit.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Masonen, <i>op. cit.</i> & Rauchenberger, <i>op. cit.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">« Hassan mab Mohammed an <i>alamín </i> eus <a href="/wiki/Fes" title="Fes">Fes</a> » ; an <i>alamín </i> a oa un dilennad karget en ur gêr eus reizhiad ar pouezioù hag ar muzulioù, e kenwerzh ar boued pergen, ha da eveshaat perzh ha priz an danvezioù bevañs ; kement ha "den a fiziañs" e talvez ar ger arabek orin.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Masonen, <i>op. cit.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/Assouan,+Gouvernorat+d'Assouan,+%C3%89gypte/@24.0923336,32.8825966,6z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x14367b5ab1a30e5f:0xfb109fe337cabccb!8m2!3d24.088938!4d32.8998293">Kartenn</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Black, <i>op. cit.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Masonen, <i>op. cit.</i>.</span> </li> </ol></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Adtapet diwar « <a dir="ltr" href="https://br.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Leo_Africanus&oldid=1975893">https://br.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Leo_Africanus&oldid=1975893</a> »</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Dibar:Rummado%C3%B9" title="Dibar:Rummadoù">Rummadoù</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rummad:Ganedigezhio%C3%B9_ar_bloavezhio%C3%B9_1490" title="Rummad:Ganedigezhioù ar bloavezhioù 1490">Ganedigezhioù ar bloavezhioù 1490</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Rummad:Marvio%C3%B9_ar_bloavezhio%C3%B9_1550" title="Rummad:Marvioù ar bloavezhioù 1550">Marvioù ar bloavezhioù 1550</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Rummad:Berbered" title="Rummad:Berbered">Berbered</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Rummad:Al-Andalus" title="Rummad:Al-Andalus">Al-Andalus</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Rummad:Katoliked" title="Rummad:Katoliked">Katoliked</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Rummad:Douaroniourien" title="Rummad:Douaroniourien">Douaroniourien</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Rummad kuzhet: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rummad:Pajenno%C3%B9_a_ra_gant_liammo%C3%B9_burzhudus_ISBN" title="Rummad:Pajennoù a ra gant liammoù burzhudus ISBN">Pajennoù a ra gant liammoù burzhudus ISBN</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Kemmoù diwezhañ degaset d'ar bajenn-mañ d'an 6 Meu 2022, da 10:15.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Gallout a reer implijout an testennoù zo dindan <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.br">an Aotre-Implijout Creative Commons Dereiñ/Kenrannañ diouzh an hevelep divizoù</a>; divizoù ouzhpenn a c'hall bezañ ivez. 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