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div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="background-color: #DEDFDE;">Bay'at al-Imam</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Al_Amirah_Rahmah,_Az-Zarqa,_Jordan_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Al_Amirah_Rahmah%2C_Az-Zarqa%2C_Jordan_-_panoramio.jpg/240px-Al_Amirah_Rahmah%2C_Az-Zarqa%2C_Jordan_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Al_Amirah_Rahmah%2C_Az-Zarqa%2C_Jordan_-_panoramio.jpg/360px-Al_Amirah_Rahmah%2C_Az-Zarqa%2C_Jordan_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Al_Amirah_Rahmah%2C_Az-Zarqa%2C_Jordan_-_panoramio.jpg/480px-Al_Amirah_Rahmah%2C_Az-Zarqa%2C_Jordan_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1555" data-file-height="1037" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Zarqa" title="Zarqa">Zarqa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a>, where the group was founded</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founders</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Abu_Musab_al-Zarqawi" title="Abu Musab al-Zarqawi">Abu Musab al-Zarqawi</a><br /><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Abu_Muhammad_al-Maqdisi" title="Abu Muhammad al-Maqdisi">Abu Muhammad al-Maqdisi</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Dates of operation</span></th><td class="infobox-data">1995–1999</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Merged into</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jama%27at_al-Tawhid_wal-Jihad" title="Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad">Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Al_Jafr_prison" title="Al Jafr prison">Al Jafr prison</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies" title="List of political ideologies">Ideology</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Takfirism" class="mw-redirect" title="Takfirism">Takfirism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qutbism" title="Qutbism">Qutbism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salafi_Jihadism" class="mw-redirect" title="Salafi Jihadism">Salafi Jihadism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wahabism" class="mw-redirect" title="Wahabism">Wahabism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Extremism" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic Extremism">Islamic Extremism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sectarian_violence" title="Sectarian violence">Sectarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Shi%27ism" title="Anti-Shi'ism">Anti-Shi'ism</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Bay'at al-Imam</b> (English: <span lang="en">"<a href="/wiki/Imam#Imams_as_secular_rulers" title="Imam">Allegiance to the Imam</a>"</span>) was a jihadist group active from 1994 to 1999, led by <a href="/wiki/Abu_Muhammad_al-Maqdisi" title="Abu Muhammad al-Maqdisi">Abu Muhammad al-Maqdisi</a> and later <a href="/wiki/Abu_Musab_al-Zarqawi" title="Abu Musab al-Zarqawi">Abu Musab al-Zarqawi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some scholars dispute the group's existence.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The group was founded in <a href="/wiki/Zarqa" title="Zarqa">Zarqa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a> in 1993 when Zarqawi helped al-Maqdisi gather a group of veteran <a href="/wiki/Afghan_Arabs" title="Afghan Arabs">Afghan Arab</a> mujahedeen fighters to stage a coup to overthrow the Jordanian government.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The group was primarily active from 1995 to 1999. </p><p>In 1997 the <a href="/wiki/State_Security_Court" title="State Security Court">State Security Court</a> of Jordan convicted 10 members of the group on charges including manufacturing explosives, handing down sentences up to life imprisonment, and in the case of Salem Bakhit and Ahmad Khaled, life plus 10 years for the murder of a French diplomat in his driveway.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zarqawi would later be given a death sentence <i><a href="/wiki/Trial_in_absentia" title="Trial in absentia">in absentia</a></i>. An internet biography of the pre-<a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">9/11</a> life of Zarqawi attributed to <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">Al-Qaeda</a> commander <a href="/wiki/Saif_al-Adel" title="Saif al-Adel">Saif al-Adel</a>, said that Al-Qaeda core followed these trials closely.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to <i>The Targeter</i> by <a href="/wiki/Nada_Bakos" title="Nada Bakos">Nada Bakos</a>, the chief targeting officer who led the <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">CIA</a>'s efforts to track down Zarqawi, and <a href="/wiki/Black_Flags:_The_Rise_of_ISIS" title="Black Flags: The Rise of ISIS"><i>Black Flags</i></a> by <a href="/wiki/Joby_Warrick" title="Joby Warrick">Joby Warrick</a>, the group's first mission to bomb a theater showing <a href="/wiki/Pornographic_film" title="Pornographic film">pornographic films</a> went awry when Eid Jahaline, the jihadist sent to place the <a href="/wiki/Time_bomb" title="Time bomb">time bomb</a> in the theater became so enthralled with the pornography being shown that he lost track of time and forgot to leave prior to detonation, amputating both of his legs.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Relations_with_other_terror_groups">Relations with other terror groups</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bay%27at_al-Imam&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Relations with other terror groups"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/State_Committee_for_National_Security_(Tajikistan)" title="State Committee for National Security (Tajikistan)">Tajik intelligence</a> has claimed links between Bay'at al-Imam, Bayat - a Tajik Islamic organization, and the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Movement_of_Uzbekistan" title="Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan">Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan</a>, an organization affiliated with <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">Al-Qaeda</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bay%27at_al-Imam&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKimmage2004" class="citation web cs1">Kimmage, Daniel (May 27, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rferl.org/a/1053007.html">"Bayat: Nothing But Questions"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Radio_Free_Europe/Radio_Liberty" title="Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty">Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-11-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Radio+Free+Europe%2FRadio+Liberty&rft.atitle=Bayat%3A+Nothing+But+Questions&rft.date=2004-05-27&rft.aulast=Kimmage&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rferl.org%2Fa%2F1053007.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABay%27at+al-Imam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWagemakers2014" class="citation journal cs1">Wagemakers, Joas (2014). "A Terrorist Organization that Never Was: The Jordanian "Bay'at al-Imam" Group". <i><a href="/wiki/Middle_East_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle East Journal">Middle East Journal</a></i>. <b>68</b> (1). <a href="/wiki/Middle_East_Institute" title="Middle East Institute">Middle East Institute</a>: 59–75. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3751%2F68.1.13">10.3751/68.1.13</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0026-3141">0026-3141</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43698561">43698561</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Journal&rft.atitle=A+Terrorist+Organization+that+Never+Was%3A+The+Jordanian+%22Bay%27at+al-Imam%22+Group&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=59-75&rft.date=2014&rft.issn=0026-3141&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F43698561%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3751%2F68.1.13&rft.aulast=Wagemakers&rft.aufirst=Joas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABay%27at+al-Imam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWagemakers2010" class="citation thesis cs1">Wagemakers, Joas (November 16, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/handle/2066/85014"><i>A quietist Jihadi-Salafi: the ideology and influence of Abu Muhammad al-Maqdisi</i></a> (Thesis). <a href="/wiki/Radboud_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Radboud University">Radboud University</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2066%2F85014">2066/85014</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-90-25737-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-90-25737-2"><bdi>978-90-90-25737-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=A+quietist+Jihadi-Salafi%3A+the+ideology+and+influence+of+Abu+Muhammad+al-Maqdisi&rft.inst=Radboud+University&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2066%2F85014&rft.isbn=978-90-90-25737-2&rft.aulast=Wagemakers&rft.aufirst=Joas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frepository.ubn.ru.nl%2Fhandle%2F2066%2F85014&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABay%27at+al-Imam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBakos2019" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Nada_Bakos" title="Nada Bakos">Bakos, Nada</a> (2019). <i>The Targeter: My Life in the CIA, Hunting Terrorists and Challenging the White House</i>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Little_Brown_and_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Little Brown and Company">Little Brown and Company</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0316260473" title="Special:BookSources/978-0316260473"><bdi>978-0316260473</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2016944050">2016944050</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Targeter%3A+My+Life+in+the+CIA%2C+Hunting+Terrorists+and+Challenging+the+White+House&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Little+Brown+and+Company&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2016944050&rft.isbn=978-0316260473&rft.aulast=Bakos&rft.aufirst=Nada&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABay%27at+al-Imam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmnesty_International1998" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a> (January 1, 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6a9f23c.html">"Amnesty International Report 1998 - Jordan"</a>. <i>Refworld</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-11-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Refworld&rft.atitle=Amnesty+International+Report+1998+-+Jordan&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.au=Amnesty+International&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.refworld.org%2Fdocid%2F3ae6a9f23c.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABay%27at+al-Imam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFal-Adel2009" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Saif_al-Adel" title="Saif al-Adel">al-Adel, Saif</a> (2009-08-17). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholarship.tricolib.brynmawr.edu/handle/10066/5092">"Al-Qa'ida Commander Writes Al-Zarqawi 'Jihadist Biography'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10066%2F5092">10066/5092</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Al-Qa%27ida+Commander+Writes+Al-Zarqawi+%27Jihadist+Biography%27&rft.date=2009-08-17&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10066%2F5092&rft.aulast=al-Adel&rft.aufirst=Saif&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholarship.tricolib.brynmawr.edu%2Fhandle%2F10066%2F5092&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABay%27at+al-Imam" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarrick2015" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Joby_Warrick" title="Joby Warrick">Warrick, Joby</a> (2015). <a href="/wiki/Black_Flags:_The_Rise_of_ISIS" title="Black Flags: The Rise of ISIS"><i>Black Flags: The Rise of ISIS</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Doubleday_(publisher)" title="Doubleday (publisher)">Doubleday</a>. p. 19. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780385538213" title="Special:BookSources/9780385538213"><bdi>9780385538213</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Black+Flags%3A+The+Rise+of+ISIS&rft.pages=19&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9780385538213&rft.aulast=Warrick&rft.aufirst=Joby&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABay%27at+al-Imam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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