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<span>Works</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-On_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#On_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>On education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-On_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Amusing_Ourselves_to_Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Amusing_Ourselves_to_Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span><i>Amusing Ourselves to Death</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Amusing_Ourselves_to_Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Technopoly" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Technopoly"> <div 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href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Available in 29 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-29" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">29 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="نيل بوستمان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نيل بوستمان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Postman" title="Neil Postman – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Neil Postman" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Postman" title="Neil Postman – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Neil Postman" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Postman" title="Neil Postman – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Neil Postman" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Postman" title="Neil Postman – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Neil Postman" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Postman" title="Neil Postman – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Neil Postman" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Postman" title="Neil Postman – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Neil Postman" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%84_%D9%BE%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%85%D9%86" title="نیل پستمن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نیل پستمن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Postman" title="Neil Postman – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Neil Postman" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8B%90_%ED%8F%AC%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8%EB%A8%BC" title="닐 포스트먼 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="닐 포스트먼" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Postman" title="Neil Postman – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Neil Postman" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9C_%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%9E%D7%9F" title="ניל פוסטמן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ניל פוסטמן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ნილ პოსტმენი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნილ პოსტმენი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Postman" title="Neil Postman – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Neil Postman" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Postman" title="Neil Postman – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Neil Postman" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="نيل بوستمان – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نيل بوستمان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Postman" title="Neil Postman – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Neil Postman" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8B%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9D%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3" title="ニール・ポストマン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ニール・ポストマン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Postman" title="Neil Postman – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Neil Postman" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B2_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%A8" title="ਨੀਲ ਪੋਸਟਮੈਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਨੀਲ ਪੋਸਟਮੈਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Postman" title="Neil Postman – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Neil Postman" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Postman" title="Neil Postman – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Neil Postman" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD,_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Постман, Нил – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Постман, Нил" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Postman" title="Neil Postman – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Neil Postman" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Postman" title="Neil Postman – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Neil Postman" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Postman" title="Neil Postman – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Neil Postman" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Postman" title="Neil Postman – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Neil Postman" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%BB_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ніл Постман – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ніл Постман" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B9%E6%9B%BC" title="尼尔·波兹曼 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="尼尔·波兹曼" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q436131#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">Neil Postman</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Neil_Postman.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/5f/Neil_Postman.jpg" decoding="async" width="192" height="262" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="192" data-file-height="262" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Born</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1931-03-08</span>)</span>March 8, 1931<br />New York City, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Died</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">October 5, 2003<span style="display:none">(2003-10-05)</span> (aged 72)<br />New York City, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role" style="line-height:1.4em;">Writer, professor</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Education</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/State_University_of_New_York_at_Fredonia" title="State University of New York at Fredonia">State University of New York at Fredonia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Teachers_College,_Columbia_University" title="Teachers College, Columbia University">Columbia University</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Period</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">1959–2003</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Subjects</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Media_ecology" title="Media ecology">Media ecology</a></li><li>Media criticism</li><li>cultural criticism</li><li>education</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">Shelley Ross</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Children</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">3, including <a href="/wiki/Marc_Postman" title="Marc Postman">Marc</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Neil Postman</b> (March 8, 1931 – October 5, 2003) was an American author, educator, <a href="/wiki/Media_studies" title="Media studies">media theorist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cultural_critic" title="Cultural critic">cultural critic</a>, who eschewed digital technology, including <a href="/wiki/Personal_computer" title="Personal computer">personal computers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone" title="Mobile phone">mobile devices</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cruise_control" title="Cruise control">cruise control in cars</a>, and was critical of uses of technology, such as personal computers in school.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is best known for twenty books regarding technology and education, including <i><a href="/wiki/Teaching_as_a_Subversive_Activity" class="mw-redirect" title="Teaching as a Subversive Activity">Teaching as a Subversive Activity</a></i> (1970), <i>The Disappearance of Childhood</i> (1982), <i><a href="/wiki/Amusing_Ourselves_to_Death" title="Amusing Ourselves to Death">Amusing Ourselves to Death</a></i> (1985), <i>Conscientious Objections</i> (1988), <i><a href="/wiki/Technopoly" title="Technopoly">Technopoly: The Surrender of Culture to Technology</a></i> (1992) and <i><a href="/wiki/The_End_of_Education" title="The End of Education">The End of Education: Redefining the Value of School</a></i> (1995). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neil_Postman&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Postman was born in New York City, where he spent most of his life.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1953, he graduated from the <a href="/wiki/State_University_of_New_York_at_Fredonia" title="State University of New York at Fredonia">State University of New York at Fredonia</a> and enlisted in the military but was released less than five months later.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At <a href="/wiki/Teachers_College,_Columbia_University" title="Teachers College, Columbia University">Teachers College, Columbia University</a>, he was awarded a master's degree in 1955 and an <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Education" title="Doctor of Education">Ed.D.</a> (Doctor of Education) degree in 1958.<sup id="cite_ref-nytobit_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytobit-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Postman took a position with <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_State_University" title="San Francisco State University">San Francisco State University</a>'s English Department in 1958.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Soon after, in 1959, he began teaching at <a href="/wiki/New_York_University" title="New York University">New York University</a> (NYU).<sup id="cite_ref-nytobit_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytobit-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1971, at NYU's <a href="/wiki/Steinhardt_School_of_Culture,_Education,_and_Human_Development" title="Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development">Steinhardt School of Education</a>, he founded a graduate program in <a href="/wiki/Media_ecology" title="Media ecology">media ecology</a>. He became the School of Education's only University Professor in 1993, and was chairman of the Department of Culture and Communication until 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-nytobit_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytobit-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Postman received an honorary doctorate from Brigham Young University in 2000. <sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Postman died at age 72 of lung cancer at a hospital in <a href="/wiki/Flushing,_Queens" title="Flushing, Queens">Flushing, Queens</a>, on October 5, 2003. At the time, he had been married to his wife, Shelley Ross Postman, for 48 years. They had three children and were longtime residents of Flushing.<sup id="cite_ref-nytobit_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytobit-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neil_Postman&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External videos</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/video/?7-1/life-career-neil-postman">"Life and Career of Neil Postman", January 14, 1988</a>, <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Postman wrote 20 books and more than 200 articles in academic and popular publications including <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times Magazine</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic Monthly</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Harper%27s_Magazine" title="Harper's Magazine">Harper's Magazine</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Saturday_Review_(U.S._magazine)" title="Saturday Review (U.S. magazine)">Saturday Review</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Educational_Review" title="Harvard Educational Review">Harvard Educational Review</a>,</i> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Stern_(magazine)" title="Stern (magazine)">Stern</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Monde" title="Le Monde">Le Monde</a></i>. He was the editor of the quarterly journal <i><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_General_Semantics" title="Institute of General Semantics">ETC: A Review of General Semantics</a></i> from 1976 to 1986. In 1976, Postman taught a course for NYU credit on <a href="/wiki/CBS-TV" class="mw-redirect" title="CBS-TV">CBS-TV</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Sunrise_Semester" title="Sunrise Semester">Sunrise Semester</a></i> called "Communication: the Invisible Environment".<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was also a contributing editor at <i><a href="/wiki/The_Nation" title="The Nation">The Nation</a></i>. Several<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> of his articles were reprinted after his death in the quarterly journal, <i>ETC: A Review of General Semantics</i> as part of a 75th anniversary edition in October 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="On_education">On education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neil_Postman&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: On education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1969 and 1970, Postman collaborated with the <a href="/wiki/New_Rochelle,_New_York" title="New Rochelle, New York">New Rochelle</a> educator <a href="/wiki/Alan_Shapiro_(education_reformer)" title="Alan Shapiro (education reformer)">Alan Shapiro</a> on the development of a model school based on the principles expressed in <i><a href="/wiki/Teaching_as_a_Subversive_Activity" class="mw-redirect" title="Teaching as a Subversive Activity">Teaching as a Subversive Activity</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <i>Teaching as a Subversive Activity,</i> Postman and co-author Charles Weingartner suggest that many schools have curricula that are trivial and irrelevant to students' lives.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The result of Postman and Weingartner's critiques in <i>Teaching as a Subversive Activity</i> was the "Program for Inquiry, Involvement, and Independent Study" within <a href="/wiki/New_Rochelle_High_School" title="New Rochelle High School">New Rochelle High School</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This "open school" experiment survived for 15 years and in subsequent years many programs following these principles were developed in American high schools; current<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (January 2022)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> survivors include Walter Koral's language class at the <a href="/wiki/Village_School_(Great_Neck,_New_York)" class="mw-redirect" title="Village School (Great Neck, New York)">Village School</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in <a href="/wiki/Great_Neck,_New_York" title="Great Neck, New York">Great Neck, New York</a>. </p><p>In a 1973 address, "The Ecology of Learning", at the Conference on English Education, Postman proposed seven changes for schools that build on his critiques expressed in <i>Teaching as a Subversive Activity</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> First, Postman proposed that schools should be "convivial communities" for learning rather than places that try to control students through judgment and punishment. Secondly, he suggested that schools should either discard or dramatically change grading practices that lead to competition in school rather than an attitude of learning. He also proposed getting rid of homogeneous groupings of students that reinforce social and economic inequalities, <a href="/wiki/Standardized_test" title="Standardized test">standardized tests</a> that promote competition and permanently kept student records that are used to punish and control students. Proactively, he suggested that industries and professional schools, rather than K-12 schools, should develop criteria for selecting students and that schools should focus on <a href="/wiki/Civic_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Civic education">civic education</a> that teaches students their rights as citizens.<sup id="cite_ref-:04_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:04-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Later in his career, Postman moved away from his work in <i>Teaching as a Subversive Activity</i> with the publication of <i>Teaching as a Conserving Activity.</i><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In it Postman calls for schools to act as a counter to popular culture dominated by television and highlighted the need for an emphasis on literacy education.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Postman also argued for the need of teachers to separate themselves from students in dress and speech, offering an alternative role model for children. Postman was concerned with the degradation of the culture caused by technology and saw education as a means of conserving important cultural ideas. </p><p>In a television interview conducted in 1995 on <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/MacNeil/Lehrer_NewsHour" class="mw-redirect" title="MacNeil/Lehrer NewsHour">MacNeil/Lehrer NewsHour</a></i>, Postman spoke about his opposition to the use of personal computers in schools. He felt that school was a place to learn together as a cohesive group and that it should not be used for individualized learning. Postman also worried that the personal computer was going to take away from individuals socializing as citizens and human beings.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Amusing_Ourselves_to_Death"><i>Amusing Ourselves to Death</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neil_Postman&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Amusing Ourselves to Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One of Postman's most influential works is <i><a href="/wiki/Amusing_Ourselves_to_Death" title="Amusing Ourselves to Death">Amusing Ourselves to Death: Public Discourse in the Age of Show Business</a></i>. In <i>Amusing</i>, Postman argued that by expressing ideas through visual imagery, television reduces politics, news, history and other serious topics to entertainment.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He worried that culture would decline if the people became an audience and their public business a "vaudeville act". He also argued that television is destroying the "serious and rational public conversation" that was sustained for centuries by the <a href="/wiki/Printing_press" title="Printing press">printing press</a>. Rather than the restricted information in <a href="/wiki/George_Orwell" title="George Orwell">George Orwell</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Nineteen_Eighty-four" class="mw-redirect" title="Nineteen Eighty-four">1984</a></i>, he claimed the flow of distraction we experience is akin to <a href="/wiki/Aldous_Huxley" title="Aldous Huxley">Aldous Huxley</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Brave_New_World" title="Brave New World">Brave New World</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Technopoly"><i>Technopoly</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neil_Postman&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Technopoly"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Neil_Postman" title="Special:EditPage/Neil Postman">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Neil+Postman%22">"Neil Postman"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Neil+Postman%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Neil+Postman%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Neil+Postman%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Neil+Postman%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Neil+Postman%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External videos</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/video/?31627-1/technopoly"><i>Booknotes</i> interview with Postman on <i>Technopoly</i>, August 30, 1992</a>, <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In his 1992 book <i><a href="/wiki/Technopoly" title="Technopoly">Technopoly: the Surrender of Culture to Technology</a></i>, Postman defines "Technopoly" as a society which believes "the primary, if not the only, goal of human labor and thought is efficiency, that technical calculation is in all respects superior to human judgment ... and that the affairs of citizens are best guided and conducted by experts". </p><p>In a <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a> interview, Postman described <i>Technopoly</i> as "the tendency in American culture to turn over to technology sovereignty, command, control over all of our social institutions."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Postman argued that the United States is the only country to have developed into a technopoly. He claimed that the U.S. has been inundated with <a href="/wiki/Technophile" class="mw-redirect" title="Technophile">technophiles</a> who do not see the downside of technology. This is dangerous because technophiles want more technology and thus more information. However, according to Postman, it is impossible for a technological innovation to have only a one-sided effect. With the ever-increasing amount of information available, Postman argues that: "Information has become a form of garbage, not only incapable of answering the most fundamental human questions but barely useful in providing coherent direction to the solution of even mundane problems." </p><p>Postman was not opposed to all forms of technology. In page 7 of <i>Technopoly</i>, he agrees that technological advancements, specifically "the telephone, <a href="/wiki/Ocean_liner" title="Ocean liner">ocean liners</a>, and the reign of <a href="/wiki/Hygiene" title="Hygiene">hygiene</a>", have lengthened and improved modern life. In his words, this agreement proves that he is not a "one-eyed technophobe". </p><p>In <i>Technopoly</i>, Postman discusses <a href="/wiki/Luddism" class="mw-redirect" title="Luddism">Luddism</a>, explaining that being a <a href="/wiki/Luddite" title="Luddite">Luddite</a> often is associated with a naive opposition to technology. But, according to Postman, historical Luddites were trying to preserve their way of life and rights given to them prior to the advancement of new technologies. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selected_bibliography">Selected bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neil_Postman&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Selected bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External videos</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/video/?153953-1/building-bridge-18th-century">Presentation by Postman on <i>Building a Bridge to the 18th Century</i>, December 1, 1999</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><i>Television and the Teaching of English</i> (1961).</li> <li><i>Linguistics: A Revolution in Teaching</i>, with Charles Weingartner (<a href="/wiki/Dell_Publishing" title="Dell Publishing">Dell Publishing</a>, 1966).</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Teaching_as_a_Subversive_Activity" class="mw-redirect" title="Teaching as a Subversive Activity">Teaching as a Subversive Activity</a></i>, with Charles Weingartner (<a href="/wiki/Delacorte_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Delacorte Press">Delacorte Press</a>, 1969).</li> <li>"Bullshit and the Art of Crap-Detection" – speech given at National Convention for the Teachers of English (1969)<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>The Soft Revolution: A Student Handbook for Turning Schools Around</i>, with Charles Weingartner (<a href="/wiki/Delacorte_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Delacorte Press">Delacorte Press</a>, 1971).</li> <li><i>The School Book: For People Who Want to Know What All the Hollering Is About</i>, with Charles Weingartner (<a href="/wiki/Delacorte_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Delacorte Press">Delacorte Press</a>, 1973).</li> <li><i>Crazy Talk, Stupid Talk: How We Defeat Ourselves by the Way We Talk and What to Do About It</i> (1976). Postman's introduction to <a href="/wiki/General_semantics" title="General semantics">general semantics</a>.</li> <li><i>Teaching as a Conserving Activity</i> (1979).</li> <li><i>The Disappearance of Childhood</i> (1982).</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amusing_Ourselves_to_Death" title="Amusing Ourselves to Death">Amusing Ourselves to Death: Public Discourse in the Age of Show Business</a></i> (1985).</li> <li><i>Conscientious Objections: Stirring Up Trouble About Language, Technology and Education</i> (1988).</li> <li><i>How to Watch TV News</i>, with <a href="/wiki/Steve_Powers" title="Steve Powers">Steve Powers</a> (1992).</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Technopoly" title="Technopoly">Technopoly: The Surrender of Culture to Technology</a></i> (1992).</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_End_of_Education" title="The End of Education">The End of Education: Redefining the Value of School</a></i> (1995).</li> <li><i>Building a Bridge to the 18th Century: How the Past Can Improve Our Future</i> (1999).</li> <li>MacNeil, R. (Writer/Host).<i>Visions of Cyberspace: With Charlene Hunter Gault</i> (July 25, 1995). Arlington, Virginia: <a href="/wiki/MacNeil/Lehrer_Productions" class="mw-redirect" title="MacNeil/Lehrer Productions">MacNeil/Lehrer Productions</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neil_Postman&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Sexton_(attorney)" title="James Sexton (attorney)">James Sexton</a> (Neil Postman's former research assistant)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neil_Postman&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFStaff2003" class="citation news cs1">Staff (October 12, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2003-oct-12-me-postman12-story.html">"LATimes.com"</a>. <i>LA Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=LA+Times&rft.atitle=LATimes.com&rft.date=2003-10-12&rft.au=Staff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-2003-oct-12-me-postman12-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeil+Postman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171018193853/http://thevillager.com/villager_28/ateacherslife.html">"A teacher's life: Remembering Neil Postman"</a>. <i>The Villager</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thevillager.com/villager_28/ateacherslife.html">the original</a> on October 18, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 20,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Villager&rft.atitle=A+teacher%27s+life%3A+Remembering+Neil+Postman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthevillager.com%2Fvillager_28%2Fateacherslife.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeil+Postman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Neil-Postman#ref1198654">"Neil Postman"</a>. <i>Britannica</i>. October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Neil+Postman&rft.btitle=Britannica&rft.date=2023-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FNeil-Postman%23ref1198654&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeil+Postman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nytobit-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nytobit_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytobit_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytobit_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytobit_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWolfgang_Saxon2003" class="citation news cs1">Wolfgang Saxon (October 9, 2003). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2003/10/09/obituaries/09POST.html">"Neil Postman, 72, Mass Media Critic, Dies"</a></span>. <i>New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 8,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Neil+Postman%2C+72%2C+Mass+Media+Critic%2C+Dies&rft.date=2003-10-09&rft.au=Wolfgang+Saxon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2003%2F10%2F09%2Fobituaries%2F09POST.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeil+Postman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deseret.com/2000/8/8/19522577/2-682-to-get-degrees-at-byu/">2,682 to get degrees at BYU</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Deseret_News" title="Deseret News">Deseret News</a></i>. August 8, 2000.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1346&dat=19760919&id=aGRNAAAAIBAJ&pg=3453,5145996">"Sunrise Semester begins 13th Season"</a>. <i>Lakeland Ledger</i>. September 19, 1976<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 11,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lakeland+Ledger&rft.atitle=Sunrise+Semester+begins+13th+Season&rft.date=1976-09-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D1346%26dat%3D19760919%26id%3DaGRNAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D3453%2C5145996&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeil+Postman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeil_Postman2013" class="citation journal cs1">Neil Postman (October 2013). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/i24761802">"ETC: A Review of General Semantics"</a></span>. <i>The Information Environment</i>. <b>70</b> (4): 468–479.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Information+Environment&rft.atitle=ETC%3A+A+Review+of+General+Semantics&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=468-479&rft.date=2013-10&rft.au=Neil+Postman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fi24761802&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeil+Postman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.joshkarpf.com/3i/proposal1970.html">"3I Program: Proposal, 1970"</a>. <i>joshkarpf.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=joshkarpf.com&rft.atitle=3I+Program%3A+Proposal%2C+1970&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.joshkarpf.com%2F3i%2Fproposal1970.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeil+Postman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWardhaugh1970" class="citation journal cs1">Wardhaugh, Ronald (1970). "Review of Teaching as a Subversive Activity". <i>The School Review</i>. <b>78</b> (3): 429–434. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F442921">10.1086/442921</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0036-6773">0036-6773</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1084165">1084165</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+School+Review&rft.atitle=Review+of+Teaching+as+a+Subversive+Activity&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=429-434&rft.date=1970&rft.issn=0036-6773&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1084165%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F442921&rft.aulast=Wardhaugh&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeil+Postman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHu2007" class="citation news cs1">Hu, Winnie (November 12, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/12/education/12village.html">"Profile Rises at School Where Going Against the Grain Is the Norm"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 6,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Profile+Rises+at+School+Where+Going+Against+the+Grain+Is+the+Norm&rft.date=2007-11-12&rft.aulast=Hu&rft.aufirst=Winnie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2007%2F11%2F12%2Feducation%2F12village.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeil+Postman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPostman1974" class="citation journal cs1">Postman, Neil (April 1974). "The Ecology of Learning". <i>The English Journal</i>. <b>63</b> (4): 58–64. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F813650">10.2307/813650</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/813650">813650</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+English+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Ecology+of+Learning&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=58-64&rft.date=1974-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F813650&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F813650%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Postman&rft.aufirst=Neil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeil+Postman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:04-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:04_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPostman1974" class="citation journal cs1">Postman, Neil (1974). "The Ecology of Learning". <i>The English Journal</i>. <b>63</b> (4): 58–64. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F813650">10.2307/813650</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/813650">813650</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+English+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Ecology+of+Learning&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=58-64&rft.date=1974&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F813650&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F813650%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Postman&rft.aufirst=Neil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeil+Postman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/1252046.Teaching_As_A_Conserving_Activity">"Teaching As A Conserving Activity"</a>. <i>Goodreads</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 22,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Goodreads&rft.atitle=Teaching+As+A+Conserving+Activity&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.goodreads.com%2Fbook%2Fshow%2F1252046.Teaching_As_A_Conserving_Activity&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeil+Postman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPostman1979" class="citation web cs1">Postman, Neil (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5nbH4Zubpiw&t=2847s">"Neil Postman – Teaching as a Conserving Activity (1979) Interview"</a>. <i>Youtube</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 22,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Youtube&rft.atitle=Neil+Postman+%E2%80%93+Teaching+as+a+Conserving+Activity+%281979%29+Interview&rft.date=1979&rft.aulast=Postman&rft.aufirst=Neil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D5nbH4Zubpiw%26t%3D2847s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeil+Postman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">From interview from <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a> on <i><a href="/wiki/MacNeil/Lehrer_NewsHour" class="mw-redirect" title="MacNeil/Lehrer NewsHour">MacNeil/Lehrer NewsHour</a></i> (1995).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/video/?31627-1/technopoly">"Technopoly"</a>. <i>www.c-span.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.c-span.org&rft.atitle=Technopoly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.c-span.org%2Fvideo%2F%3F31627-1%2Ftechnopoly&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeil+Postman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190112221016if_/http://media.usm.maine.edu/~lenny/Bullshit/crap_detection.pdf">this speech</a>, Postman encouraged teachers to help their students "distinguish useful talk from bullshit". He argued that it was the most important skill students could learn, and that teaching it would help students understand their own values and beliefs.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neil_Postman&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 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.plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Neil_Postman" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Neil Postman">Neil Postman</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/40px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/60px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/80px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiversity has learning resources about <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Neil_Postman:_Five_Things_We_Need_to_Know_About_Technological_Change" class="extiw" title="v:Neil Postman: Five Things We Need to Know About Technological Change">Neil Postman: Five Things We Need to Know About Technological Change</a></b></i></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051028143846/http://www.neilpostman.org/">The Neil Postman Information Page</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100130235325/http://www.bigbrother.net/~mugwump/Postman/">Neil Postman: Collected Online Articles</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Neil+Postman,+defender+of+the+word.-a0112901675">Neil Postman, Defender of The Word</a> by <a href="/wiki/Lance_Strate" title="Lance Strate">Lance Strate</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scottlondon.com/insight/clips/postman.mp3">Discussion on Technology</a> with Scott London (MP3)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?1181">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://techrig.blogspot.com/2015/03/amusing-ourselves-to-death-by-neil.html">Summary of the book Amusing Ourselves to Death</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.culturalfarming.com/Ethnography/Neil_Postman.html">Comparative Postman: 1985–2010</a>, 30min. media compilation illustrating the critical merits of technological determinism 25 years later – by Cultural Farming.</li> <li>A film clip <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/openmind_ep1091">"The Open Mind – Are We Amusing Ourselves to Death?, Part I (1985)"</a> is available for viewing at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li>A film clip <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/openmind_ep1092">"The Open Mind – Are We Amusing Ourselves to Death?, Part II (1985)"</a> is available for viewing at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/173609220">Neil Postman</a> at <a href="/wiki/Find_a_Grave" title="Find a Grave">Find a Grave</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collegequarterly.ca/2004-vol07-num01-winter/kompf.html">The Legacy of Neil Postman, College Quarterly Winter 2004 – Volume 7 Number 1</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Neil_Postman" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Neil_Postman" title="Template:Neil Postman"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Neil_Postman" title="Template talk:Neil Postman"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Neil_Postman" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Neil Postman"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Neil_Postman" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Neil Postman</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Teaching_as_a_Subversive_Activity" class="mw-redirect" title="Teaching as a Subversive Activity">Teaching as a Subversive Activity</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amusing_Ourselves_to_Death" title="Amusing Ourselves to Death">Amusing Ourselves to Death</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Technopoly" title="Technopoly">Technopoly</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_End_of_Education" title="The End of Education">The End of Education</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Recipients_of_the_Orwell_Award" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Orwell_Award_recipients" title="Template:Orwell Award recipients"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Orwell_Award_recipients" title="Template talk:Orwell Award recipients"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Orwell_Award_recipients" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Orwell Award recipients"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Recipients_of_the_Orwell_Award" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Recipients of the <a href="/wiki/Orwell_Award" title="Orwell Award">Orwell Award</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1975–1999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1975: <a href="/wiki/David_Wise_(journalist)" title="David Wise (journalist)">David Wise</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1976: Hugh Rank</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1977: <a href="/wiki/Walter_Pincus" title="Walter Pincus">Walter Pincus</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1978: <a href="/wiki/Sissela_Bok" title="Sissela Bok">Sissela Bok</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1979: <a href="/wiki/Erving_Goffman" title="Erving Goffman">Erving Goffman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1980: Sheila Harty</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1981: <a href="/wiki/Dwight_Bolinger" title="Dwight Bolinger">Dwight Bolinger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1982: Stephen Hilgartner, Richard C. Bell, and <a href="/wiki/Rory_O%27Connor_(filmmaker)" title="Rory O'Connor (filmmaker)">Rory O'Connor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1983: <a href="/wiki/Haig_Bosmajian" title="Haig Bosmajian">Haig Bosmajian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1984: <a href="/wiki/Ted_Koppel" title="Ted Koppel">Ted Koppel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1985: Torben Vestergaard and Kim Schroder</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1986: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Neil Postman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1987: <a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Noam Chomsky</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1988: <a href="/wiki/Donald_L._Barlett" title="Donald L. Barlett">Donald Barlett</a> and <a href="/wiki/James_B._Steele" title="James B. Steele">James B. Steele</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1989: <a href="/wiki/Edward_S._Herman" title="Edward S. Herman">Edward S. Herman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Noam Chomsky</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1990: Charlotte Baecher, <a href="/wiki/Consumers_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Consumers Union">Consumers Union</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1991: <a href="/wiki/David_A._Kessler" title="David A. Kessler">David A. Kessler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1992: <a href="/wiki/Donald_L._Barlett" title="Donald L. Barlett">Donald L. Barlett</a> and <a href="/wiki/James_B._Steele" title="James B. Steele">James Steele</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1993: <a href="/wiki/Eric_Alterman" title="Eric Alterman">Eric Alterman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1994: <a href="/wiki/Garry_Trudeau" title="Garry Trudeau">Garry Trudeau</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1995: <i><a href="/wiki/Lies_of_Our_Times" title="Lies of Our Times">Lies of Our Times</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1996: <a href="/wiki/William_D._Lutz" title="William D. Lutz">William D. Lutz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1997: <a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Himmelfarb" title="Gertrude Himmelfarb">Gertrude Himmelfarb</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1998: <a href="/wiki/Juliet_Schor" title="Juliet Schor">Juliet Schor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1998: <a href="/wiki/Scott_Adams" title="Scott Adams">Scott Adams</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1999: <a href="/wiki/Norman_Solomon" title="Norman Solomon">Norman Solomon</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">2000: <a href="/wiki/Alfie_Kohn" title="Alfie Kohn">Alfie Kohn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2001: <a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Rampton" title="Sheldon Rampton">Sheldon Rampton</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Stauber" title="John Stauber">John Stauber</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2002: <a href="/wiki/Bill_Press" title="Bill Press">Bill Press</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2004: <a href="/wiki/Seymour_Hersh" title="Seymour Hersh">Seymour Hersh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arundhati_Roy" title="Arundhati Roy">Arundhati Roy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2005: <a href="/wiki/Jon_Stewart" title="Jon Stewart">Jon Stewart</a> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Show" title="The Daily Show">The Daily Show</a></i> cast</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2006: <a href="/wiki/Steven_H._Miles" title="Steven H. Miles">Steven H. Miles</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2007: <a href="/wiki/Ted_Gup" title="Ted Gup">Ted Gup</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2008: <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Savage_(author)" title="Charlie Savage (author)">Charlie Savage</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2009: <a href="/wiki/Amy_Goodman" title="Amy Goodman">Amy Goodman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2010: <a href="/wiki/Michael_Pollan" title="Michael Pollan">Michael Pollan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2011: F.S. Michaels</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2012: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Zuckerman" title="Peter Zuckerman">Peter Zuckerman</a> and Amanda Padoan</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2013: Paul L. Thomas</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2014: <i><a href="/wiki/The_Onion" title="The Onion">The Onion</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2015: Anthony Cody</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2016: David Greenberg</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2017: Richard Sobel</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2018: Katie Watson</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2019: <a href="/wiki/Michael_P._Lynch" title="Michael P. Lynch">Michael P. Lynch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2020: <a href="/wiki/April_Baker-Bell" title="April Baker-Bell">April Baker-Bell</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Teachers_of_English" title="National Council of Teachers of English">National Council of Teachers of English</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Orwell" title="George Orwell">George Orwell</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" 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at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121280521">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/36923287">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/6422/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJg4myddr6YhmRpv3qm68C">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/120641054">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50019827">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119203917">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119203917">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00453185">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Postman, Neil"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV050735">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35429870">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0080708&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX954708">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/132784">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p067984347">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90073741">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000181474&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000191826&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=80290">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC200103585">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810684103605606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007462742205171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058581180506706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00919178?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Neil Postman"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/3f6af98a-1be1-4353-95a9-69a8613a7067">MusicBrainz</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/949877">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd120641054.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/120641054">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027080250">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6586n25">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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