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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Kehidupan_awal_dan_pendidikan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kehidupan_awal_dan_pendidikan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Kehidupan awal dan pendidikan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kehidupan_awal_dan_pendidikan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Karier" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Karier"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Karier</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Karier-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Karier</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Karier-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Interseksionalitas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interseksionalitas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Interseksionalitas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interseksionalitas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sumber" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sumber"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Sumber</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sumber-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pranala_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pranala_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Pranala luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pranala_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kimberlé Crenshaw</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 27 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-27" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">27 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A_%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B2_%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%B4%D9%88" title="كيمبريلي وليامز كرينشو – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كيمبريلي وليامز كرينشو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%89_%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B2_%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%B4%D9%88" title="كيمبريلى وليامز كرينشو – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كيمبريلى وليامز كرينشو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimberl%C3%A9_Williams_Crenshaw" title="Kimberlé Williams Crenshaw – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Kimberlé Williams Crenshaw" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimberl%C3%A9_Williams_Crenshaw" title="Kimberlé Williams Crenshaw – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kimberlé Williams Crenshaw" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimberl%C3%A9_Crenshaw" title="Kimberlé Crenshaw – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kimberlé Crenshaw" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimberl%C3%A9_Crenshaw" title="Kimberlé Crenshaw – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Kimberlé Crenshaw" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimberl%C3%A9_Williams_Crenshaw" title="Kimberlé Williams Crenshaw – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kimberlé Williams Crenshaw" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimberl%C3%A9_Crenshaw" title="Kimberlé Crenshaw – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Kimberlé Crenshaw" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C_%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B2_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%A7" title="کیمبرلی ویلیامز کرنشا – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کیمبرلی ویلیامز کرنشا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimberl%C3%A9_Williams_Crenshaw" title="Kimberlé Williams Crenshaw – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kimberlé Williams Crenshaw" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimberl%C3%A9_Williams_Crenshaw" title="Kimberlé Williams Crenshaw – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Kimberlé Williams Crenshaw" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%99_%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%95" title="קימברלי קרנשו – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קימברלי קרנשו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D5%AB%D5%B4%D5%A2%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AC%D5%AB_%D5%94%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%B7%D5%B8%D5%B8%D6%82" title="Քիմբերլի Քրենշոու – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Քիմբերլի Քրենշոու" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimberl%C3%A9_Crenshaw" title="Kimberlé Crenshaw – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Kimberlé Crenshaw" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AD%E3%83%B3%E3%83%90%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AC%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%BC" title="キンバリー・クレンショー – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="キンバリー・クレンショー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimberl%C3%A9_Crenshaw" title="Kimberlé Crenshaw – Kurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Kimberlé Crenshaw" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%88%D0%BE%D1%83" title="Кимберли Креншоу – Kirgiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Кимберли Креншоу" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimberl%C3%A9_Crenshaw" title="Kimberlé Crenshaw – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kimberlé Crenshaw" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimberl%C3%A9_Crenshaw" title="Kimberlé Crenshaw – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kimberlé Crenshaw" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimberl%C3%A9_Williams_Crenshaw" title="Kimberlé Williams Crenshaw – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kimberlé Williams Crenshaw" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimberl%C3%A9_Williams_Crenshaw" title="Kimberlé Williams Crenshaw – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Kimberlé Williams Crenshaw" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%88%D0%BE%D1%83,_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC%D1%81" title="Креншоу, Кимберли Уильямс – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Креншоу, Кимберли Уильямс" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimberl%C3%A9_Williams_Crenshaw" title="Kimberlé Williams Crenshaw – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Kimberlé Williams Crenshaw" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimberl%C3%A9_Crenshaw" title="Kimberlé Crenshaw – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kimberlé Crenshaw" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%88%D0%BE%D1%83" title="Кимберле Уильямс Креншоу – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Кимберле Уильямс Креншоу" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%96_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%88%D0%BE%D1%83" title="Кімберлі Креншоу – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кімберлі Креншоу" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%9F%8F%E8%8E%89%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%9D%8E%E7%A7%80" title="金柏莉·威廉斯·坎秀 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="金柏莉·威廉斯·坎秀" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6409990#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs 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mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r22657712">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><span class="fn">Kim Crenshaw</span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Kimberl%C3%A9_Crenshaw_(40901215153).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Kimberl%C3%A9_Crenshaw_%2840901215153%29.jpg/220px-Kimberl%C3%A9_Crenshaw_%2840901215153%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Kimberl%C3%A9_Crenshaw_%2840901215153%29.jpg/330px-Kimberl%C3%A9_Crenshaw_%2840901215153%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Kimberl%C3%A9_Crenshaw_%2840901215153%29.jpg/440px-Kimberl%C3%A9_Crenshaw_%2840901215153%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="6000" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lahir</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0em; padding-right:0em"><span class="nickname">Kimberlé Williams Crenshaw</span><br />5 Mei 1959<span class="noprint"> (umur 65)</span><br /><span class="birthplace"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canton,_Ohio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Canton, Ohio (halaman belum tersedia)">Canton, Ohio</a>, AS</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pendidikan</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0em; padding-right:0em"><a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Juris_Doctor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Juris Doctor (halaman belum tersedia)">JD</a>)<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Wisconsin,_Madison&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University of Wisconsin, Madison (halaman belum tersedia)">University of Wisconsin, Madison</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Master_of_Laws&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Master of Laws (halaman belum tersedia)">LLM</a>)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-right:0em; padding-right:0em"> <div style="text-align:start;"><ul><li><small>(2017)</small> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q58384506" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q58384506"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">Gittler Prize</span></a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58384506?uselang=id" title="Terjemahkan"><img alt="Terjemahkan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-right:0em; padding-right:0em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://tools.wmflabs.org/wikidata-externalid-url/?p=345&url_prefix=https://www.imdb.com/&id=nm1548660" title="IMDB: nm1548660"><img alt="IMDB: nm1548660" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Imdb_logo_rounded_corners.png/20px-Imdb_logo_rounded_corners.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Imdb_logo_rounded_corners.png/30px-Imdb_logo_rounded_corners.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Imdb_logo_rounded_corners.png/40px-Imdb_logo_rounded_corners.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://x.com/sandylocks?lang=ca" title="X: sandylocks" rel="nofollow"><img alt="X: sandylocks" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/X_logo_2023.svg/20px-X_logo_2023.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/X_logo_2023.svg/30px-X_logo_2023.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/X_logo_2023.svg/40px-X_logo_2023.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="271" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.ted.com/speakers/kimberle_crenshaw" title="TED: kimberle_crenshaw" rel="nofollow"><img alt="TED: kimberle_crenshaw" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/TED_three_letter_logo.svg/30px-TED_three_letter_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/TED_three_letter_logo.svg/45px-TED_three_letter_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/TED_three_letter_logo.svg/60px-TED_three_letter_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="324" data-file-height="119" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6409990#identifiers" title="Modifica els identificadors a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica els identificadors a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Notification-icon-Wikidata-logo.svg/18px-Notification-icon-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Notification-icon-Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Notification-icon-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Notification-icon-Wikidata-logo.svg/36px-Notification-icon-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="30" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Kimberlé Williams Crenshaw</b> (lahir 5 Mei 1959) adalah seorang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerakan_hak_sipil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerakan hak sipil (halaman belum tersedia)">advokat hak-hak sipil</a> asal Amerika Serikat dan cendekiawan terkemuka dalam <a href="/wiki/Teori_ras_kritis" title="Teori ras kritis">teori ras kritis</a>. Ia adalah seorang profesor di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sekolah_Hukum_UCLA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sekolah Hukum UCLA (halaman belum tersedia)">Sekolah Hukum UCLA</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sekolah_Hukum_Columbia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sekolah Hukum Columbia (halaman belum tersedia)">Sekolah Hukum Columbia</a>, di mana ia memiliki spesialisasi dalam masalah ras dan gender.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Crenshaw dikenal karena memperkenalkan dan mengembangkan <a href="/wiki/Interseksionalitas" title="Interseksionalitas">teori interseksional</a>, yaitu studi tentang bagaimana identitas sosial yang tumpang tindih atau bersinggungan, terutama identitas minoritas, berhubungan dengan sistem dan struktur <a href="/wiki/Penindasan" title="Penindasan">penindasan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dominasi" class="mw-disambig" title="Dominasi">dominasi</a>, atau <a href="/wiki/Diskriminasi" title="Diskriminasi">diskriminasi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ruparelia_2019_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ruparelia_2019-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Karyanya semakin meluas hingga mencakup <a href="/w/index.php?title=Feminisme_interseksional&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Feminisme interseksional (halaman belum tersedia)">feminisme interseksional</a>, yang merupakan subkategori yang terkait dengan teori interseksional. Feminisme interseksional mengkaji sistem penindasan dan diskriminasi yang tumpang tindih yang dihadapi perempuan karena latar belakang etnis, seksualitas, dan ekonomi mereka.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kehidupan_awal_dan_pendidikan">Kehidupan awal dan pendidikan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimberl%C3%A9_Crenshaw&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Kehidupan awal dan pendidikan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimberl%C3%A9_Crenshaw&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kehidupan awal dan pendidikan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Crenshaw lahir di Canton, Ohio, pada tanggal 5 Mei 1959,<sup id="cite_ref-Guardian-blacklives_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guardian-blacklives-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dari orang tua Marian dan Walter Clarence Crenshaw, Jr.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sejak kecil, orang tua Crenshaw mendorongnya untuk mendiskusikan "hal-hal yang menarik" yang dia "amati di dunia saat itu." Pelatihan awal ini kemudian menjadi dasar pilihan kariernya di kemudian hari.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ia bersekolah di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Canton_McKinley_High_School&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Canton McKinley High School (halaman belum tersedia)">Canton McKinley High School</a>. Dia menerima gelar sarjana di bidang pemerintahan dan studi Afrika dari <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a><sup id="cite_ref-:3_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> pada tahun 1981, di mana dia menjadi anggota Honors' Society senior <a href="/w/index.php?title=Quill_and_Dagger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quill and Dagger (halaman belum tersedia)">Quill and Dagger</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:11_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dia menerima gelar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Juris_Doctor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Juris Doctor (halaman belum tersedia)">J.D.</a> dari <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Law_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Harvard Law School">Harvard Law School</a> pada tahun 1984.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pada tahun 1985, ia menerima gelar <a href="/w/index.php?title=LL.M.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LL.M. (halaman belum tersedia)">LL.M.</a> dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sekolah_Hukum_Universitas_Wisconsin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sekolah Hukum Universitas Wisconsin (halaman belum tersedia)">Sekolah Hukum Universitas Wisconsin</a>, di mana ia menjadi <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_H._Hastie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William H. Hastie (halaman belum tersedia)">William H. Hastie</a> Fellow<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan panitera hukum untuk Hakim Mahkamah Agung Wisconsin, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shirley_Abrahamson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shirley Abrahamson (halaman belum tersedia)">Shirley Abrahamson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:11_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:8_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Karier">Karier</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimberl%C3%A9_Crenshaw&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Karier" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimberl%C3%A9_Crenshaw&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Karier"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Setelah menyelesaikan gelar LL.M., Crenshaw bergabung dengan tenaga pengajar <a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_California,_Los_Angeles_School_of_Law&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University of California, Los Angeles School of Law (halaman belum tersedia)">University of California, Los Angeles School of Law</a> pada tahun 1986. Dia adalah pendiri bidang <a href="/wiki/Teori_ras_kritis" title="Teori ras kritis">teori ras kritis</a> dan dosen <a href="/wiki/Hak_sipil_dan_politik" title="Hak sipil dan politik">hak-hak sipil</a>, studi ras kritis, dan <a href="/wiki/Hukum_konstitusional" class="mw-redirect" title="Hukum konstitusional">hukum konstitusional</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Di University of California, Los Angeles School of Law, dia mengajar empat kelas: Advanced Critical Race Theory, Civil Rights, Intersectional Perspectives on Race, Gender and the Criminalization of Women & Girls, dan Race, Law and Representation.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pada tahun 1991 dan 1994, dia terpilih sebagai profesor tahun ini oleh mahasiswa matrikulasi.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pada tahun 1995, Crenshaw diangkat sebagai profesor penuh di Columbia Law School, di mana ia adalah pendiri dan direktur Center for Intersectionality & Social Policy Studies, yang didirikan pada tahun 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-foundation1_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-foundation1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Di Columbia Law School, mata kuliah yang diajarkan oleh Kimberlé W. Crenshaw meliputi Lokakarya Interseksionalitas dan Lokakarya Interseksionalitas yang berpusat pada Hak-hak Sipil.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pada tahun 1991, Crenshaw membantu tim hukum yang mewakili <a href="/wiki/Anita_Hill" title="Anita Hill">Anita Hill</a> pada <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nominasi_Mahkamah_Agung_Clarence_Thomas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nominasi Mahkamah Agung Clarence Thomas (halaman belum tersedia)">sidang konfirmasi</a> Senat AS untuk Hakim Agung <a href="/wiki/Clarence_Thomas" title="Clarence Thomas">Clarence Thomas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pada tahun 1996, Crenshaw menjadi salah satu pendiri dan direktur eksekutif <a href="/w/index.php?title=African_American_Policy_Forum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="African American Policy Forum (halaman belum tersedia)">African American Policy Forum</a> (AAPF), sebuah wadah pemikir yang berfokus pada "pembongkaran ketidaksetaraan struktural" dan "memajukan dan memperluas keadilan rasial, kesetaraan gender, dan ketidakterpisahan semua hak asasi manusia, baik di Amerika Serikat maupun di dunia internasional."<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Misinya adalah untuk membangun jembatan antara penelitian ilmiah dan wacana publik dalam mengatasi ketidaksetaraan dan diskriminasi. Crenshaw telah dianugerahi Fulbright Chair untuk Amerika Latin di Brasil, dan pada tahun 2008, ia dianugerahi <i>in-residence fellowship</i> di Center of Advanced Behavioral Studies di Stanford.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pada tahun 2001, ia menulis makalah latar belakang tentang Diskriminasi Ras dan Gender untuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Nations_World_Conference_on_Racism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United Nations World Conference on Racism (halaman belum tersedia)">United Nations World Conference on Racism</a>, membantu memfasilitasi penambahan gender dalam Deklarasi Konferensi WCAR, menjadi anggota Committee to Research Violence Against Women dari <a href="/wiki/National_Science_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="National Science Foundation">National Science Foundation</a> dan panel National Research Council tentang Research on Violence Against Women. Crenshaw adalah anggota Domestic Strategy Group di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aspen_Institute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aspen Institute (halaman belum tersedia)">Aspen Institute</a> dari tahun 1992 hingga 1995,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Women's Media Initiative,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan menjadi komentator reguler di <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Tavis_Smiley_Show&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Tavis Smiley Show (halaman belum tersedia)">The Tavis Smiley Show</a></i> di <a href="/wiki/NPR" class="mw-redirect" title="NPR">NPR</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pada tahun 2020 ia menerima gelar doktor kehormatan dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=KU_Leuven&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KU Leuven (halaman belum tersedia)">KU Leuven</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Crenshaw telah menulis beberapa buku dan artikel dan terus menerbitkannya.<sup id="cite_ref-:17_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:17-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Crenshaw akan menerbitkan buku berikutnya, "The Race Track: How the Myth of Equal Opportunity Defeats Racial Justice" (bersama Luke Charles Harris & George Lipsitz), pada bulan Desember 2025. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Interseksionalitas">Interseksionalitas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimberl%C3%A9_Crenshaw&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Interseksionalitas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimberl%C3%A9_Crenshaw&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Interseksionalitas"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Templat:BLP_sources_section&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Templat:BLP sources section (halaman belum tersedia)">Templat:BLP sources section</a> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22657712"><table class="infobox" style="width: 210px; float: right; clear: right; margin:0 0 1.0em 1.0em"><caption class="infobox-title">Video luar</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-DW4HLgYPlA">Kimberlé Crenshaw - On Intersectionality - keynote - WOW 2016: Southbank Centre</a><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Pada tahun 1989, Crenshaw menciptakan istilah <a href="/wiki/Interseksionalitas" title="Interseksionalitas">interseksionalitas</a> dalam esainya "Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Anti-discrimination Doctrine Feminist Theory and Antiracist Politics" sebagai cara untuk membantu menjelaskan penindasan terhadap <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perempuan_kulit_hitam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perempuan kulit hitam (halaman belum tersedia)">perempuan Afrika-Amerika</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Crenshaw_139_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crenshaw_139-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Crenshaw_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crenshaw-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gagasan tentang interseksionalitas telah ada jauh sebelum Crenshaw menciptakan istilah ini, namun belum dikenal secara luas hingga karya Crenshaw. Pelopor feminis kulit hitam seperti <a href="/wiki/Sojourner_Truth" title="Sojourner Truth">Sojourner Truth</a> dalam pidatonya pada tahun 1851 "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ain%27t_I_a_Woman%3F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ain't I a Woman? (halaman belum tersedia)">Ain't I a Woman?</a>" dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anna_J._Cooper&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anna J. Cooper (halaman belum tersedia)">Anna Julia Cooper</a> dalam esainya pada tahun 1892 "The Colored Woman's Office" telah mencontohkan ide-ide interseksionalitas sebelum interseksionalitas muncul.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Inspirasi Crenshaw terhadap teori ini dimulai ketika ia masih duduk di bangku kuliah di Cornell University ketika ia menyadari bahwa aspek gender dalam ras sangatlah kurang berkembang.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fokus Crenshaw pada interseksionalitas adalah bagaimana hukum menanggapi isu-isu yang mencakup diskriminasi gender dan ras. Tantangan khusus dalam hukum adalah bahwa undang-undang anti-diskriminasi memandang gender dan ras secara terpisah. Akibatnya, perempuan Afrika-Amerika dan perempuan kulit berwarna lainnya yang mengalami bentuk diskriminasi yang tumpang tindih tidak mendapatkan keadilan.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Undang-undang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antidiskriminasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antidiskriminasi (halaman belum tersedia)">antidiskriminasi</a> dan upaya sistem peradilan untuk memperbaiki <a href="/wiki/Diskriminasi" title="Diskriminasi">diskriminasi</a> terbatas dan beroperasi pada satu poros, hanya memperhitungkan satu identitas pada satu waktu. Definisi yang lengkap dan mudah dipahami belum tertulis dalam undang-undang; oleh karena itu, ketika isu-isu interseksionalitas diajukan di pengadilan, jika satu bentuk diskriminasi tidak dapat dibuktikan tanpa bentuk diskriminasi yang lain, maka tidak ada hukum yang dilanggar.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Undang-undang mendefinisikan diskriminasi sebagai perlakuan tidak adil yang didasarkan pada identitas tertentu.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ketika menegakkan hukum, keadilan berjalan sesuai dengan definisi tersebut, dan jika diskriminasi tidak dapat dibuktikan berdasarkan satu identitas, seperti jenis kelamin, maka tidak ada kejahatan yang dilakukan. </p><p>Crenshaw sering merujuk pada <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=DeGraffenreid_v._General_Motors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DeGraffenreid v. General Motors (halaman belum tersedia)">DeGraffenreid v. General Motors</a></i> dalam tulisan, wawancara, dan ceramahnya. Dalam <i>DeGraffenreid v. General Motors</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sekelompok perempuan <a href="/wiki/Afrika-Amerika" class="mw-redirect" title="Afrika-Amerika">Afrika-Amerika</a> berargumen bahwa mereka menerima diskriminasi berlapis, yang mengecualikan mereka dari kesempatan kerja. Mereka berpendapat bahwa meskipun perempuan memenuhi syarat untuk pekerjaan kantor dan sekretaris, posisi tersebut hanya ditawarkan kepada perempuan kulit putih, yang menghalangi perempuan Afrika-Amerika untuk mencari pekerjaan di perusahaan. Pengadilan mempertimbangkan tuduhan diskriminasi ras dan gender secara terpisah, dan menemukan bahwa mempekerjakan pekerja pabrik laki-laki Afrika-Amerika membantah diskriminasi ras, dan mempekerjakan pekerja kantor perempuan kulit putih membantah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskriminasi_gender&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diskriminasi gender (halaman belum tersedia)">diskriminasi gender</a>. Oleh karena itu, pengadilan menolak untuk mempertimbangkan diskriminasi majemuk dan menutup kasus tersebut.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Crenshaw juga membahas interseksionalitas sehubungan dengan pengalamannya sebagai bagian dari tim hukum untuk <a href="/wiki/Anita_Hill" title="Anita Hill">Anita Hill</a> pada tahun 1991, seorang wanita yang menuduh calon Mahkamah Agung saat itu, <a href="/wiki/Clarence_Thomas" title="Clarence Thomas">Clarence Thomas</a>, melakukan pelecehan seksual.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kasus ini menarik dua kelompok yang mengekspresikan pandangan yang berlawanan: feminis kulit putih yang mendukung Hill dan anggota masyarakat Afrika-Amerika yang berlawanan yang mendukung Clarence Thomas. Dua baris argumen berfokus pada hak-hak perempuan dan pengalaman Hill yang dilecehkan sebagai perempuan, di satu sisi, dan di sisi lain, seruan untuk memaafkan Thomas atau menutup mata terhadap perilakunya karena kesempatannya untuk menjadi orang Afrika-Amerika kedua yang menjabat di Mahkamah Agung Amerika Serikat. </p><p>Crenshaw berpendapat bahwa dengan adanya dua kelompok yang saling berseteru dalam kasus ini, Anita Hill kehilangan suaranya sebagai wanita kulit hitam. Dia secara tidak sengaja dipilih untuk mendukung sisi perempuan, membungkam kontribusi rasialnya dalam masalah ini. "Itu seperti salah satu momen di mana Anda benar-benar merasa bahwa Anda telah dikeluarkan dari komunitas Anda, semua karena Anda mencoba untuk memperkenalkan dan berbicara tentang bagaimana perempuan Afrika-Amerika mengalami pelecehan dan kekerasan seksual. Itu adalah momen yang menentukan." "Banyak wanita yang berbicara tentang peristiwa Anita Hill," tambah Crenshaw, "mereka merayakan apa yang terjadi pada wanita pada umumnya. ... Jadi pelecehan seksual sekarang diakui; yang tidak dilakukan adalah pengakuan atas pengalaman unik perempuan kulit hitam dengan diskriminasi."<sup id="cite_ref-:2_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Crenshaw juga membahas teori interseksionalitas dalam sebuah <a href="/wiki/TED_(konferensi)" title="TED (konferensi)">TED Talk</a> pada bulan Oktober 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Selain itu, Crenshaw menyampaikan pidato utama pada festival Women of the World di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Southbank_Centre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southbank Centre (halaman belum tersedia)">Southbank Centre</a>, London, Inggris, pada tahun 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dia berbicara tentang tantangan unik perempuan kulit berwarna dalam perjuangan kesetaraan gender, keadilan rasial, dan kesejahteraan.<sup id="cite_ref-:11_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dalam TED Talk dan pidato utamanya pada tahun 2016, dia membahas tantangan utama yang dihadapi perempuan kulit berwarna: kebrutalan polisi. Dia menyoroti kampanye #<a href="/w/index.php?title=SayHerName&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SayHerName (halaman belum tersedia)">SayHerName</a> yang bertujuan untuk mengangkat kisah-kisah perempuan kulit hitam yang dibunuh oleh polisi.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fokus pada viktimisasi perempuan kulit hitam dalam gerakan Say Her Name bergantung pada teori interseksionalitas, yang menurut Crenshaw, "Seperti Susan yang malas - Anda bisa memaparkan ras, seksualitas, identitas transgender, atau kelas terhadap kritik feminis melalui interseksionalitas."<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, Crenshaw telah berbicara menentang kesalahan penafsiran tentang interseksionalitas, dengan mengatakan bahwa beberapa orang secara keliru mengkarakterisasikannya sebagai istilah umum untuk masalah yang "rumit", "politik identitas dengan steroid", atau "mekanisme untuk mengubah orang kulit putih menjadi paria baru."<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sebagai gantinya, Crenshaw mengkarakterisasikan interseksionalitas sebagai, </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r21477316">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"sebuah lensa, sebuah prisma, untuk melihat bagaimana berbagai bentuk ketidaksetaraan sering kali beroperasi bersama dan memperburuk satu sama lain. Kita cenderung berbicara tentang ketidaksetaraan ras yang terpisah dari ketidaksetaraan berdasarkan gender, kelas, seksualitas, atau status imigrasi. Apa yang sering kali hilang adalah bagaimana beberapa orang mengalami semua hal tersebut, dan pengalamannya bukan hanya jumlah dari bagian-bagiannya."<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimberl%C3%A9_Crenshaw&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimberl%C3%A9_Crenshaw&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190428160402/https://law.wisc.edu/newsletter/article.php?iArticleID=2817">"Reunion Renews Commitment to William H. Hastie Fellowship Legacy | University of Wisconsin Law School"</a>. <i>law.wisc.edu</i>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://law.wisc.edu/newsletter/article.php?iArticleID=2817">versi asli</a> tanggal April 28, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">March 10,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=law.wisc.edu&rft.atitle=Reunion+Renews+Commitment+to+William+H.+Hastie+Fellowship+Legacy+%7C+University+of+Wisconsin+Law+School&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flaw.wisc.edu%2Fnewsletter%2Farticle.php%3FiArticleID%3D2817&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKimberl%C3%A9+Crenshaw" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Adewunmi, Bim (April 2, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140405011042/http://www.newstatesman.com/lifestyle/2014/04/kimberl-crenshaw-intersectionality-i-wanted-come-everyday-metaphor-anyone-could">"Kimberlé Crenshaw on intersectionality: 'I wanted to come up with an everyday metaphor that anyone could use<span style="padding-right:0.2em;">'</span>"</a>. <i>New Statesman</i>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newstatesman.com/lifestyle/2014/04/kimberl-crenshaw-intersectionality-i-wanted-come-everyday-metaphor-anyone-could">versi asli</a> tanggal April 5, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">March 10,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Statesman&rft.atitle=Kimberl%C3%A9+Crenshaw+on+intersectionality%3A+%27I+wanted+to+come+up+with+an+everyday+metaphor+that+anyone+could+use%27&rft.date=2014-04-02&rft.aulast=Adewunmi&rft.aufirst=Bim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newstatesman.com%2Flifestyle%2F2014%2F04%2Fkimberl-crenshaw-intersectionality-i-wanted-come-everyday-metaphor-anyone-could&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKimberl%C3%A9+Crenshaw" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ruparelia_2019-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ruparelia_2019_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Ruparelia, Rakhi (2019) [2016]. "The Invisibility of Whiteness in the White Feminist Imagination". Dalam Kirkland, Ewan. <i>Shades of Whiteness</i>. <a href="/wiki/Leiden" title="Leiden">Leiden</a> and <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>: <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill Publishers</a>. hlm. 77–89. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F9781848883833_008">10.1163/9781848883833_008</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-84888-383-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-84888-383-3">978-1-84888-383-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Invisibility+of+Whiteness+in+the+White+Feminist+Imagination&rft.btitle=Shades+of+Whiteness&rft.place=Leiden+and+Boston&rft.pages=77-89&rft.pub=Brill+Publishers&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F9781848883833_008&rft.isbn=978-1-84888-383-3&rft.aulast=Ruparelia&rft.aufirst=Rakhi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKimberl%C3%A9+Crenshaw" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:6_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Miller, Hayley (August 11, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190213113037/https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/kimberle-crenshaw-intersectional-feminism_us_598de38de4b090964296a34d">"Kimberlé Crenshaw Explains The Power Of Intersectional Feminism In 1 Minute"</a>. <i>Huffington Post</i> (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/kimberle-crenshaw-intersectional-feminism_us_598de38de4b090964296a34d">versi asli</a> tanggal February 13, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">December 16,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Huffington+Post&rft.atitle=Kimberl%C3%A9+Crenshaw+Explains+The+Power+Of+Intersectional+Feminism+In+1+Minute&rft.date=2017-08-11&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Hayley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2Fentry%2Fkimberle-crenshaw-intersectional-feminism_us_598de38de4b090964296a34d&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKimberl%C3%A9+Crenshaw" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guardian-blacklives-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Guardian-blacklives_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Mohdin, Aamna (November 12, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211028145808/https://www.theguardian.com/society/2020/nov/12/kimberle-crenshaw-the-woman-who-revolutionised-feminism-and-landed-at-the-heart-of-the-culture-wars">"Kimberlé Crenshaw: the woman who revolutionised feminism – and landed at the heart of the culture wars"</a>. Black lives. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/society/2020/nov/12/kimberle-crenshaw-the-woman-who-revolutionised-feminism-and-landed-at-the-heart-of-the-culture-wars">versi asli</a> tanggal October 28, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Kimberl%C3%A9+Crenshaw%3A+the+woman+who+revolutionised+feminism+%E2%80%93+and+landed+at+the+heart+of+the+culture+wars&rft.date=2020-11-12&rft.aulast=Mohdin&rft.aufirst=Aamna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fsociety%2F2020%2Fnov%2F12%2Fkimberle-crenshaw-the-woman-who-revolutionised-feminism-and-landed-at-the-heart-of-the-culture-wars&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKimberl%C3%A9+Crenshaw" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190428181526/https://www.legacy.com/obituaries/cantonrep/obituary.aspx?n=marian-williams-crenshaw&pid=120476451&fhid=3194">"Marian Williams Crenshaw"</a>. <i>The Repository/The Independent</i>. November 22, 2008. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/cantonrep/obituary.aspx?n=marian-williams-crenshaw&pid=120476451&fhid=3194">versi asli</a> tanggal April 28, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2022</span> – via Legacy.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Repository%2FThe+Independent&rft.atitle=Marian+Williams+Crenshaw&rft.date=2008-11-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.legacy.com%2Fobituaries%2Fcantonrep%2Fobituary.aspx%3Fn%3Dmarian-williams-crenshaw%26pid%3D120476451%26fhid%3D3194&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKimberl%C3%A9+Crenshaw" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.diverseeducation.com/latest-news/article/15106507/meet-kimberl-crenshaw-a-dr-john-hope-franklin-award-recipient">"Meet Kimberlé Crenshaw, a Dr. John Hope Franklin Award Recipient"</a>. <i>Diverse: Issues In Higher Education</i> (dalam bahasa Inggris). 2020-04-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2023-03-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Diverse%3A+Issues+In+Higher+Education&rft.atitle=Meet+Kimberl%C3%A9+Crenshaw%2C+a+Dr.+John+Hope+Franklin+Award+Recipient&rft.date=2020-04-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.diverseeducation.com%2Flatest-news%2Farticle%2F15106507%2Fmeet-kimberl-crenshaw-a-dr-john-hope-franklin-award-recipient&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKimberl%C3%A9+Crenshaw" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Lang, Susan S. (7 October 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190514222410/http://news.cornell.edu/stories/2013/10/race-gender-scholar-crenshaw-campus-oct-16-21">"Race, gender scholar Crenshaw on campus Oct. 16-21"</a>. <i>Cornell Chronicle</i>. Ithaca, N.Y. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.cornell.edu/stories/2013/10/race-gender-scholar-crenshaw-campus-oct-16-21">versi asli</a> tanggal May 14, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">March 10,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cornell+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Race%2C+gender+scholar+Crenshaw+on+campus+Oct.+16-21&rft.date=2013-10-07&rft.aulast=Lang&rft.aufirst=Susan+S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.cornell.edu%2Fstories%2F2013%2F10%2Frace-gender-scholar-crenshaw-campus-oct-16-21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKimberl%C3%A9+Crenshaw" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230210084623/https://cdsun.library.cornell.edu/?a=d&d=CDS19801031.2.7.2&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-------">"Congratulations!"</a>. <i>The Cornell Daily Sun</i>. XCVII (45). Ithaca, N.Y. October 31, 1980. hlm. 8. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cdsun.library.cornell.edu/?a=d&d=CDS19801031.2.7.2&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-------">versi asli</a> tanggal February 10, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">February 10,</span> 2022</span> – via Cornell University Library.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Cornell+Daily+Sun&rft.atitle=Congratulations%21&rft.volume=XCVII&rft.issue=45&rft.pages=8&rft.date=1980-10-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcdsun.library.cornell.edu%2F%3Fa%3Dd%26d%3DCDS19801031.2.7.2%26e%3D-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-------&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKimberl%C3%A9+Crenshaw" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:11-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:11_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:11_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:11_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aaregistry.org/story/kimberle-williams-crenshaw-voice-intersectionality/">"Kimberlé Crenshaw, Educator, and Author born"</a>. <i>African American Registry</i> (dalam bahasa Inggris)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2023-03-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=African+American+Registry&rft.atitle=Kimberl%C3%A9+Crenshaw%2C+Educator%2C+and+Author+born&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faaregistry.org%2Fstory%2Fkimberle-williams-crenshaw-voice-intersectionality%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKimberl%C3%A9+Crenshaw" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220210010049/https://www.law.columbia.edu/faculty/kimberle-w-crenshaw">"Kimberle W. Crenshaw"</a>. Columbia Law School. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.columbia.edu/faculty/kimberle-w-crenshaw">versi asli</a> tanggal February 10, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kimberle+W.+Crenshaw&rft.pub=Columbia+Law+School&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.law.columbia.edu%2Ffaculty%2Fkimberle-w-crenshaw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKimberl%C3%A9+Crenshaw" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200810105220/https://law.wisc.edu/grad/fellow_hastie.html">"William H. Hastie Fellowship Program"</a>. University of Wisconsin Law School. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://law.wisc.edu/grad/fellow_hastie.html">versi asli</a> tanggal August 10, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=William+H.+Hastie+Fellowship+Program&rft.pub=University+of+Wisconsin+Law+School&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flaw.wisc.edu%2Fgrad%2Ffellow_hastie.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKimberl%C3%A9+Crenshaw" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aaregistry.org/story/kimberle-williams-crenshaw-voice-intersectionality/">"Kimberlé Crenshaw, Educator, and Author born"</a>. <i>African American Registry</i> (dalam bahasa Inggris)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2023-02-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=African+American+Registry&rft.atitle=Kimberl%C3%A9+Crenshaw%2C+Educator%2C+and+Author+born&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faaregistry.org%2Fstory%2Fkimberle-williams-crenshaw-voice-intersectionality%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKimberl%C3%A9+Crenshaw" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:8-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:8_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ring, D. A. (2011). Crenshaw, Kimberlé Williams 1959–. In M. Mazurkiewicz (Ed.), Contemporary Black Biography (Vol. 88, pp. 30-32). Gale. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX1908800017/GVRL?u=mlin_c_collhc&sid=bookmark-GVRL&xid=3fe7fe67">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190426114915/https://law.ucla.edu/faculty/faculty-profiles/kimberle-w-crenshaw/courses/">"Courses Page"</a>. <i>law.ucla.edu</i>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://law.ucla.edu/faculty/faculty-profiles/kimberle-w-crenshaw/courses/">versi asli</a> tanggal April 26, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">December 16,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=law.ucla.edu&rft.atitle=Courses+Page&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flaw.ucla.edu%2Ffaculty%2Ffaculty-profiles%2Fkimberle-w-crenshaw%2Fcourses%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKimberl%C3%A9+Crenshaw" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170513231759/http://www.columbia.edu/cu/musher/establishment">"Columbia University Record"</a> (edisi ke-2). September 15, 1995. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.columbia.edu/cu/musher/establishment%20files/Establishment%20of%20MAP_files/CU%20Record%20New%20Faculty%20Appointments%20in%20Law,%20Social%20Science%20and%20Social%20Work.htm">versi asli</a> tanggal May 13, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">March 9,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Columbia+University+Record&rft.edition=2&rft.date=1995-09-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.columbia.edu%2Fcu%2Fmusher%2Festablishment%2520files%2FEstablishment%2520of%2520MAP_files%2FCU%2520Record%2520New%2520Faculty%2520Appointments%2520in%2520Law%2C%2520Social%2520Science%2520and%2520Social%2520Work.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKimberl%C3%A9+Crenshaw" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-foundation1-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-foundation1_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Foundation, American Bar. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210701004637/http://www.americanbarfoundation.org/news/642">"UCLA and Columbia Law Professor Kimberlé Crenshaw to Receive 2016 Fellows Outstanding Scholar Award - American Bar Foundation"</a>. <i>www.americanbarfoundation.org</i>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americanbarfoundation.org/news/642">versi asli</a> tanggal July 1, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">March 10,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.americanbarfoundation.org&rft.atitle=UCLA+and+Columbia+Law+Professor+Kimberl%C3%A9+Crenshaw+to+Receive+2016+Fellows+Outstanding+Scholar+Award+-+American+Bar+Foundation&rft.aulast=Foundation&rft.aufirst=American+Bar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanbarfoundation.org%2Fnews%2F642&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKimberl%C3%A9+Crenshaw" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:7-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:7_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170621140246/http://www.law.columbia.edu/faculty/kimberle-crenshaw">"Kimberle W. Crenshaw"</a>. <i>Columbia Law School</i> (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.law.columbia.edu/faculty/kimberle-crenshaw">versi asli</a> tanggal June 21, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">December 16,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Columbia+Law+School&rft.atitle=Kimberle+W.+Crenshaw&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.law.columbia.edu%2Ffaculty%2Fkimberle-crenshaw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKimberl%C3%A9+Crenshaw" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171107024427/http://www.elle.com/culture/career-politics/news/a35699/hbo-confirmation-black-feminists/">"Where Are All the Black Feminists in Confirmation?"</a>. <i>ELLE</i>. April 18, 2016. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elle.com/culture/career-politics/news/a35699/hbo-confirmation-black-feminists/">versi asli</a> tanggal November 7, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">April 22,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ELLE&rft.atitle=Where+Are+All+the+Black+Feminists+in+Confirmation%3F&rft.date=2016-04-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elle.com%2Fculture%2Fcareer-politics%2Fnews%2Fa35699%2Fhbo-confirmation-black-feminists%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKimberl%C3%A9+Crenshaw" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170701084943/http://www.aapf.org/ourmission/">"Our mission"</a>. <i>African American Policy Forum</i>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aapf.org/ourmission/">versi asli</a> tanggal July 1, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">March 10,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=African+American+Policy+Forum&rft.atitle=Our+mission&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aapf.org%2Fourmission%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKimberl%C3%A9+Crenshaw" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Poole, Shirley L. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230210084623/https://books.google.com/books?id=HUMEAAAAMBAJ">"Preface to "The Damnation of Women<span style="padding-right:0.2em;">"</span>"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Crisis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Crisis (halaman belum tersedia)">The Crisis</a></i>. <b>107</b> (6): 2. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HUMEAAAAMBAJ">versi asli</a> tanggal February 10, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">March 10,</span> 2016</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Crisis&rft.atitle=Preface+to+%22The+Damnation+of+Women%22&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=2&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Poole&rft.aufirst=Shirley+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHUMEAAAAMBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKimberl%C3%A9+Crenshaw" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Knubel, Fred (September 16, 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211009191206/http://www.columbia.edu/cu/pr/95/18715.html">"Kimberle Crenshaw Named Professor at Columbia Law"</a>. New York, NY: Columbia University, Office of Public Information. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.columbia.edu/cu/pr/95/18715.html">versi asli</a> tanggal October 9, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">January 25,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kimberle+Crenshaw+Named+Professor+at+Columbia+Law&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Columbia+University%2C+Office+of+Public+Information&rft.date=1995-09-16&rft.aulast=Knubel&rft.aufirst=Fred&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.columbia.edu%2Fcu%2Fpr%2F95%2F18715.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKimberl%C3%A9+Crenshaw" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180728002322/https://www.aapf.org/kimberle-crenshaw/">"Kimberle Crenshaw biography"</a>. <i>The African American Policy Forum</i>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aapf.org/kimberle-crenshaw/">versi asli</a> tanggal July 28, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">December 10,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+African+American+Policy+Forum&rft.atitle=Kimberle+Crenshaw+biography&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aapf.org%2Fkimberle-crenshaw%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKimberl%C3%A9+Crenshaw" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180126012924/http://www.tavissmileyradio.com/about.html">"About the Tavis Smiley Show"</a>. <i>The Tavis Smiley Show</i>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tavissmileyradio.com/about.html">versi asli</a> tanggal January 26, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">January 25,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Tavis+Smiley+Show&rft.atitle=About+the+Tavis+Smiley+Show&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tavissmileyradio.com%2Fabout.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKimberl%C3%A9+Crenshaw" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kuleuven.be/english/about-kuleuven/honorary-doctorates/2012/2012-christian-thielemann/laudatio-motivatio">"Laudatio - Motivatio Kimberlé Crenshaw"</a>. <i>www.kuleuven.be</i> (dalam bahasa Belanda)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2023-06-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.kuleuven.be&rft.atitle=Laudatio+-+Motivatio+Kimberl%C3%A9+Crenshaw&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kuleuven.be%2Fenglish%2Fabout-kuleuven%2Fhonorary-doctorates%2F2012%2F2012-christian-thielemann%2Flaudatio-motivatio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKimberl%C3%A9+Crenshaw" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:17-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:17_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.columbia.edu/faculty/kimberle-w-crenshaw">"Kimberle W. Crenshaw"</a>. <i>www.law.columbia.edu</i> (dalam bahasa Inggris)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2023-03-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.law.columbia.edu&rft.atitle=Kimberle+W.+Crenshaw&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.law.columbia.edu%2Ffaculty%2Fkimberle-w-crenshaw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKimberl%C3%A9+Crenshaw" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/crenshaw-kimberle-williams-1959/">"Kimberle Williams Crenshaw (1959- )"</a> (dalam bahasa Inggris). 2017-08-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2023-03-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kimberle+Williams+Crenshaw+%281959-+%29&rft.date=2017-08-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.blackpast.org%2Fafrican-american-history%2Fcrenshaw-kimberle-williams-1959%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKimberl%C3%A9+Crenshaw" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160610104533/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-DW4HLgYPlA">"Kimberlé Crenshaw - On Intersectionality - keynote - WOW 2016: Southbank Centre"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Southbank_Centre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southbank Centre (halaman belum tersedia)">Southbank Centre</a> at <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-DW4HLgYPlA">versi asli</a> tanggal June 10, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">May 31,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kimberl%C3%A9+Crenshaw+-+On+Intersectionality+-+keynote+-+WOW+2016%3A+Southbank+Centre&rft.pub=Southbank+Centre+at+YouTube&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D-DW4HLgYPlA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKimberl%C3%A9+Crenshaw" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Crenshaw_139-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Crenshaw_139_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Crenshaw, Kimberlé (1989-01-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholarship.law.columbia.edu/faculty_scholarship/3007">"Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory and Antiracist Politics"</a>. <i>U. Chi. Legal F</i>. <b>1989</b>: 139.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=U.+Chi.+Legal+F.&rft.atitle=Demarginalizing+the+Intersection+of+Race+and+Sex%3A+A+Black+Feminist+Critique+of+Antidiscrimination+Doctrine%2C+Feminist+Theory+and+Antiracist+Politics&rft.volume=1989&rft.pages=139&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.aulast=Crenshaw&rft.aufirst=Kimberl%C3%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholarship.law.columbia.edu%2Ffaculty_scholarship%2F3007&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKimberl%C3%A9+Crenshaw" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Crenshaw-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Crenshaw_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Crenshaw, Kimberle (2015-12-07). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/uclf/vol1989/iss1/8">"Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory and Antiracist Politics"</a>. <i>University of Chicago Legal Forum</i>. <b>1989</b> (1). <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0892-5593">0892-5593</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=University+of+Chicago+Legal+Forum&rft.atitle=Demarginalizing+the+Intersection+of+Race+and+Sex%3A+A+Black+Feminist+Critique+of+Antidiscrimination+Doctrine%2C+Feminist+Theory+and+Antiracist+Politics&rft.volume=1989&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2015-12-07&rft.issn=0892-5593&rft.aulast=Crenshaw&rft.aufirst=Kimberle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchicagounbound.uchicago.edu%2Fuclf%2Fvol1989%2Fiss1%2F8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKimberl%C3%A9+Crenshaw" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Brah, Avtar; Phoenix, Ann (2013-01-15). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vc.bridgew.edu/jiws/vol5/iss3/8">"Ain't I A Woman? Revisiting Intersectionality"</a>. <i>Journal of International Women's Studies</i>. <b>5</b> (3): 75–86. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1539-8706">1539-8706</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+International+Women%27s+Studies&rft.atitle=Ain%27t+I+A+Woman%3F+Revisiting+Intersectionality&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=75-86&rft.date=2013-01-15&rft.issn=1539-8706&rft.aulast=Brah&rft.aufirst=Avtar&rft.au=Phoenix%2C+Ann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvc.bridgew.edu%2Fjiws%2Fvol5%2Fiss3%2F8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKimberl%C3%A9+Crenshaw" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMay2012" class="citation">May, Vivian M. (2012), Parker, Alison M.; Faulkner, Carol, ed., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/interconnections/historicizing-intersectionality-as-a-critical-lens-returning-to-the-work-of-anna-julia-cooper/1CB052F37CAEC9B366D5D1387EE6576D">"Historicizing Intersectionality as a Critical Lens: Returning to the Work of Anna Julia Cooper"</a>, <i>Interconnections: Gender and Race in American History</i>, Boydell & Brewer, hlm. 17–48, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-58046-786-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-58046-786-5">978-1-58046-786-5</a><span class="reference-accessdate">, diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2023-03-14</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Interconnections%3A+Gender+and+Race+in+American+History&rft.atitle=Historicizing+Intersectionality+as+a+Critical+Lens%3A+Returning+to+the+Work+of+Anna+Julia+Cooper&rft.pages=17-48&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-58046-786-5&rft.aulast=May&rft.aufirst=Vivian+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fbooks%2Finterconnections%2Fhistoricizing-intersectionality-as-a-critical-lens-returning-to-the-work-of-anna-julia-cooper%2F1CB052F37CAEC9B366D5D1387EE6576D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKimberl%C3%A9+Crenshaw" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vice.com/en/article/xw7xnk/anna-julia-cooper-intersectionality-black-feminist">"The Black Feminist Who Argued for Intersectionality Before the Term Existed"</a>. <i>www.vice.com</i> (dalam bahasa Inggris)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2023-03-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.vice.com&rft.atitle=The+Black+Feminist+Who+Argued+for+Intersectionality+Before+the+Term+Existed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vice.com%2Fen%2Farticle%2Fxw7xnk%2Fanna-julia-cooper-intersectionality-black-feminist&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKimberl%C3%A9+Crenshaw" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Spade, Dean (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/669574">"Intersectional Resistance and Law Reform"</a>. <i>Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society</i>. <b>38</b> (4): 1031–1055. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F669574">10.1086/669574</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/669574">10.1086/669574</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Signs%3A+Journal+of+Women+in+Culture+and+Society&rft.atitle=Intersectional+Resistance+and+Law+Reform&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=1031-1055&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F669574&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.1086%2F669574&rft.aulast=Spade&rft.aufirst=Dean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.1086%2F669574&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKimberl%C3%A9+Crenshaw" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/discrimination">"discrimination"</a>. <i>LII / Legal Information Institute</i> (dalam bahasa Inggris)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2023-03-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LII+%2F+Legal+Information+Institute&rft.atitle=discrimination&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.law.cornell.edu%2Fwex%2Fdiscrimination&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKimberl%C3%A9+Crenshaw" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eeoc.gov/youth/what-employment-discrimination">"What is Employment Discrimination?"</a>. <i>US EEOC</i> (dalam bahasa Inggris)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2023-03-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=US+EEOC&rft.atitle=What+is+Employment+Discrimination%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eeoc.gov%2Fyouth%2Fwhat-employment-discrimination&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKimberl%C3%A9+Crenshaw" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220701100743/https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/413/142/1660699/">"DeGraffenreid v. GENERAL MOTORS ASSEMBLY DIV., ETC., 413 F. Supp. 142 (E.D. Mo. 1976)"</a>. <i>Justia Law</i> (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/413/142/1660699/">versi asli</a> tanggal July 1, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2022-07-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Justia+Law&rft.atitle=DeGraffenreid+v.+GENERAL+MOTORS+ASSEMBLY+DIV.%2C+ETC.%2C+413+F.+Supp.+142+%28E.D.+Mo.+1976%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flaw.justia.com%2Fcases%2Ffederal%2Fdistrict-courts%2FFSupp%2F413%2F142%2F1660699%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKimberl%C3%A9+Crenshaw" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150601220041/http://www.thenation.com/article/163814/black-women-still-defense-ourselves">"Black Women Still in Defense of Ourselves"</a>. <i>The Nation</i>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0027-8378">0027-8378</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thenation.com/article/163814/black-women-still-defense-ourselves">versi asli</a> tanggal June 1, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">March 10,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Nation&rft.atitle=Black+Women+Still+in+Defense+of+Ourselves&rft.issn=0027-8378&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenation.com%2Farticle%2F163814%2Fblack-women-still-defense-ourselves&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKimberl%C3%A9+Crenshaw" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220421184420/https://www.ted.com/talks/kimberle_crenshaw_the_urgency_of_intersectionality">"The urgency of intersectionality"</a>. November 14, 2016. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ted.com/talks/kimberle_crenshaw_the_urgency_of_intersectionality">versi asli</a> tanggal April 21, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">April 21,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+urgency+of+intersectionality&rft.date=2016-11-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ted.com%2Ftalks%2Fkimberle_crenshaw_the_urgency_of_intersectionality&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKimberl%C3%A9+Crenshaw" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:10-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:10_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-DW4HLgYPlA"><i>Kimberlé Crenshaw - On Intersectionality - keynote - WOW 2016</i></a> (dalam bahasa Inggris)<span class="reference-accessdate">, diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2023-03-13</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kimberl%C3%A9+Crenshaw+-+On+Intersectionality+-+keynote+-+WOW+2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D-DW4HLgYPlA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKimberl%C3%A9+Crenshaw" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:12-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:12_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="id" dir="ltr">Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <code><ref></code> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama <code>:12</code></span></li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Khaleeli, Homa (2016-05-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2016/may/30/sayhername-why-kimberle-crenshaw-is-fighting-for-forgotten-women">"#SayHerName: why Kimberlé Crenshaw is fighting for forgotten women"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i> (dalam bahasa Inggris). <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2023-03-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=%23SayHerName%3A+why+Kimberl%C3%A9+Crenshaw+is+fighting+for+forgotten+women&rft.date=2016-05-30&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Khaleeli&rft.aufirst=Homa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Flifeandstyle%2F2016%2Fmay%2F30%2Fsayhername-why-kimberle-crenshaw-is-fighting-for-forgotten-women&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKimberl%C3%A9+Crenshaw" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.columbia.edu/news/archive/kimberle-crenshaw-intersectionality-more-two-decades-later">"Kimberlé Crenshaw on Intersectionality, More than Two Decades Later"</a>. <i>www.law.columbia.edu</i> (dalam bahasa Inggris)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2023-03-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.law.columbia.edu&rft.atitle=Kimberl%C3%A9+Crenshaw+on+Intersectionality%2C+More+than+Two+Decades+Later&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.law.columbia.edu%2Fnews%2Farchive%2Fkimberle-crenshaw-intersectionality-more-two-decades-later&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKimberl%C3%A9+Crenshaw" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Steinmetz, Katy (February 20, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221017205102/https://time.com/5786710/kimberle-crenshaw-intersectionality/">"She Coined the Term 'Intersectionality' Over 30 Years Ago. Here's What It Means to Her Today"</a>. <i>time.com</i>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/5786710/kimberle-crenshaw-intersectionality/">versi asli</a> tanggal October 17, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">October 19,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=time.com&rft.atitle=She+Coined+the+Term+%27Intersectionality%27+Over+30+Years+Ago.+Here%27s+What+It+Means+to+Her+Today&rft.date=2020-02-20&rft.aulast=Steinmetz&rft.aufirst=Katy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F5786710%2Fkimberle-crenshaw-intersectionality%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKimberl%C3%A9+Crenshaw" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sumber">Sumber</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimberl%C3%A9_Crenshaw&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Sumber" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimberl%C3%A9_Crenshaw&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sumber"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://law.ucla.edu/faculty/faculty-profiles/kimberle-w-crenshaw/">UCLA Law Professors: Kimberlé W. Crenshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdul_Alkalimat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdul Alkalimat (halaman belum tersedia)">Alkalimat, Abdul</a> (2004). <i>The African American Experience in Cyberspace</i>. Pluto Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-7453-2222-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-7453-2222-0">0-7453-2222-0</a>.</li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/oj/interviews/crenshaw.html">"O.J. Verdict Interviews: Kimberlé Williams Crenshaw"</a>. <i>Frontline</i>. PBS. April 22, 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">June 17,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Frontline&rft.atitle=O.J.+Verdict+Interviews%3A+Kimberl%C3%A9+Williams+Crenshaw&rft.date=2005-04-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwgbh%2Fpages%2Ffrontline%2Foj%2Finterviews%2Fcrenshaw.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKimberl%C3%A9+Crenshaw" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pranala_luar">Pranala luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimberl%C3%A9_Crenshaw&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Pranala luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimberl%C3%A9_Crenshaw&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pranala luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23035139">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782729">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikiquote" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikiquote">Wikiquote</a> memiliki koleksi kutipan yang berkaitan dengan: <i><b><a href="https://id.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Kimberl%C3%A9_Crenshaw" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Kimberlé Crenshaw">Kimberlé Crenshaw</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americanbar.org/content/dam/aba/publishing/perspectives_magazine/women_perspectives_Spring2004CrenshawPSP.authcheckdam.pdf">"Intersectionality: The Double Bind of Race and Gender"</a>, interview with Kimberlé Crenshaw, <a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Bar_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="American Bar Association (halaman belum tersedia)">American Bar Association</a>, Spring 2004.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zinnedproject.org/news/kimberle-crenshaw-on-teaching-truthfully-about-us-history/">Dr. Kimberlé Crenshaw on Teaching Truthfully About U.S. History</a>, from the Teach the Black Freedom Struggle online series.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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