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class="bf b bg z du ab jd"><span class="je l ix">Published in</span><div><div class="l" aria-hidden="false"><a class="af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar iq ab q" data-testid="publicationName" href="https://medium.com/the-national-library-blog?source=post_page---byline--abdcec9fc143--------------------------------" rel="noopener follow"><p class="bf b bg z jf jg jh ji jj jk jl jm bk">Our Stories: National Library Singapore Blog</p></a></div></div></div><div class="h k"><span class="ir is" aria-hidden="true"><span class="bf b bg z du">·</span></span></div></div><span class="bf b bg z du"><div class="ab ae"><span data-testid="storyReadTime">8 min read</span><div class="jn jo l" aria-hidden="true"><span class="l" aria-hidden="true"><span class="bf b bg z du">·</span></span></div><span data-testid="storyPublishDate">May 27, 2024</span></div></span></div></span></div></div></div><div class="ab cp jp jq jr js jt ju jv jw jx jy jz ka kb kc kd ke"><div class="h k w fg fh q"><div class="ku 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nm nn no np nq nr ns nt gn bk"><em class="nu">Curator </em>Hannah Yeo <em class="nu">selects her favourite items from the exhibition and</em> <em class="nu">explores the transformative power of architecture in shaping Singapore’s urban landscape.</em></p></div></div></div><div class="ab cb nv nw nx ny" role="separator"><span class="nz by bm oa ob oc"></span><span class="nz by bm oa ob oc"></span><span class="nz by bm oa ob"></span></div><div class="gn go gp gq gr"><div class="ab cb"><div class="ci bh fz ga gb gc"><p id="ed87" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mw mx gu my b mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no np nq nr ns nt gn bk">As part of efforts to build a Singapore Architecture collection, the National Library Board, together with the Urban Redevelopment Authority, launched <em class="nu">To Draw An Idea: Retracing the Designs of William Lim Associates</em>–<em class="nu">W Architects</em>, an exhibition at the URA building in November 2023.</p><p id="3670" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mw mx gu my b mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no np nq nr ns nt gn bk">To complement the exhibition and to explore another facet of architecture in Singapore, I was given the opportunity to curate a second exhibition at the National Library Building Lobby. <em class="nu">Dare to Design: Singapore Architecture 1960s–2000</em> features a selection of eight significant buildings that had pushed the envelope of architecture innovation in Singapore.</p><p id="029a" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mw mx gu my b mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no np nq nr ns nt gn bk">The exhibition at the National Library Building’s Lobby ends its run on 16 June and here are five of my favourite things from <em class="nu">Dare to Design:</em></p><p id="db4a" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mw mx gu my b mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no np nq nr ns nt gn bk"><strong class="my gv">1.</strong> <strong class="my gv">Hand-Drawn Buildings Plans</strong></p><p id="ceb3" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mw mx gu my b mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no np nq nr ns nt gn bk">Tucked away in the corner of the <em class="nu">Dare to Design</em> exhibition are two drawers holding original building plans of People’s Park Complex. They were submitted to the Building and Construction Authority for approval in 1968 and 1970, just a few years after the architecture firm behind it, Design Partnership, was established in 1967.</p><figure class="og oh oi oj ok ol od oe paragraph-image"><div role="button" tabindex="0" class="om on fj oo bh op"><div class="od oe of"><picture><source srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/format:webp/1*UR2coT0ArYts2iI4MCgaPQ.jpeg 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/format:webp/1*UR2coT0ArYts2iI4MCgaPQ.jpeg 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/format:webp/1*UR2coT0ArYts2iI4MCgaPQ.jpeg 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/format:webp/1*UR2coT0ArYts2iI4MCgaPQ.jpeg 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/1*UR2coT0ArYts2iI4MCgaPQ.jpeg 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/1*UR2coT0ArYts2iI4MCgaPQ.jpeg 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/1*UR2coT0ArYts2iI4MCgaPQ.jpeg 1400w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px" type="image/webp"/><source data-testid="og" srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/1*UR2coT0ArYts2iI4MCgaPQ.jpeg 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/1*UR2coT0ArYts2iI4MCgaPQ.jpeg 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/1*UR2coT0ArYts2iI4MCgaPQ.jpeg 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/1*UR2coT0ArYts2iI4MCgaPQ.jpeg 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/1*UR2coT0ArYts2iI4MCgaPQ.jpeg 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/1*UR2coT0ArYts2iI4MCgaPQ.jpeg 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/1*UR2coT0ArYts2iI4MCgaPQ.jpeg 1400w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px"/><img alt="" class="bh md oq c" width="700" height="527" loading="eager" role="presentation"/></picture></div></div><figcaption class="or ff os od oe ot ou bf b bg z du">South-East Section of People’s Park Complex, Design Partnership, 1970. <em class="ov">Photo by Hannah Yeo.</em></figcaption></figure><p id="fc0b" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mw mx gu my b mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no np nq nr ns nt gn bk">Founded by the late William Lim, together with Tay Kheng Soon and Koh Seow Chuan, Design Partnership sought to adapt global ideas to Singapore as part of the nation-building process. Their People’s Park Complex was Singapore’s first mixed-use building. It was also the first shopping mall with atriums, an idea based on the Japanese Metabolist movement’s idea of “city rooms” — indoor public spaces for communities to gather. The building plans in the exhibition are hand-drawn, not computer-generated. Looking at them, you can imagine the thought, precision and vision that went into their design. You can also see the “Design Partnership” stamp and observe built-in spaces on every fifth floor of the tower block designed to create mini-neighbourhoods.</p><figure class="og oh oi oj ok ol od oe paragraph-image"><div role="button" tabindex="0" class="om on fj oo bh op"><div class="od oe ow"><picture><source srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/format:webp/1*_S4hDYrbTB3bFtoukHkQBQ.jpeg 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/format:webp/1*_S4hDYrbTB3bFtoukHkQBQ.jpeg 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/format:webp/1*_S4hDYrbTB3bFtoukHkQBQ.jpeg 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/format:webp/1*_S4hDYrbTB3bFtoukHkQBQ.jpeg 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/1*_S4hDYrbTB3bFtoukHkQBQ.jpeg 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/1*_S4hDYrbTB3bFtoukHkQBQ.jpeg 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/1*_S4hDYrbTB3bFtoukHkQBQ.jpeg 1400w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px" type="image/webp"/><source data-testid="og" srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/1*_S4hDYrbTB3bFtoukHkQBQ.jpeg 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/1*_S4hDYrbTB3bFtoukHkQBQ.jpeg 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/1*_S4hDYrbTB3bFtoukHkQBQ.jpeg 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/1*_S4hDYrbTB3bFtoukHkQBQ.jpeg 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/1*_S4hDYrbTB3bFtoukHkQBQ.jpeg 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/1*_S4hDYrbTB3bFtoukHkQBQ.jpeg 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/1*_S4hDYrbTB3bFtoukHkQBQ.jpeg 1400w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px"/><img alt="" class="bh md oq c" width="700" height="332" loading="lazy" role="presentation"/></picture></div></div><figcaption class="or ff os od oe ot ou bf b bg z du">The <em class="ov">Dare to Design </em>exhibition “studio” featuring original and reproduced building plans. <em class="ov">Photo by Hannah Yeo.</em></figcaption></figure><p id="1e8c" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mw mx gu my b mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no np nq nr ns nt gn bk">On the top of the drawers at our exhibition, we feature reproduced plans for the National Theatre and the Singapore Conference Hall and Trade Union House. Besides displaying the “guts” of the building, these competition drawings are a reminder that the first design submission is rarely the final one. For example, Alfred Wong’s National Theatre design drawing shows 7,000 seats because that was what the brief had called for. Wong later described it as a “very idealistic” and “shoot-for-the-moon” brief, and the number of seats was brought down to 3,420 to save costs.¹ A vignette of client overenthusiasm perhaps, or simply the euphoria of building a new nation.</p><p id="352e" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mw mx gu my b mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no np nq nr ns nt gn bk"><strong class="my gv">2.</strong> <strong class="my gv">Videos. Of. Everything.</strong></p><p id="de3f" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mw mx gu my b mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no np nq nr ns nt gn bk">To enhance the experience of understanding architecture in Singapore, we included 21 videos in the exhibition, most of which were from the National Archives. It is refreshing to listen to architects explain their works in their own words.</p><figure class="og oh oi oj ok ol od oe paragraph-image"><div role="button" tabindex="0" class="om on fj oo bh op"><div class="od oe ox"><picture><source srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/format:webp/1*NizXQVJK0LAMij3repq80A.png 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/format:webp/1*NizXQVJK0LAMij3repq80A.png 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/format:webp/1*NizXQVJK0LAMij3repq80A.png 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/format:webp/1*NizXQVJK0LAMij3repq80A.png 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/1*NizXQVJK0LAMij3repq80A.png 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/1*NizXQVJK0LAMij3repq80A.png 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/1*NizXQVJK0LAMij3repq80A.png 1400w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px" type="image/webp"/><source data-testid="og" srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/1*NizXQVJK0LAMij3repq80A.png 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/1*NizXQVJK0LAMij3repq80A.png 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/1*NizXQVJK0LAMij3repq80A.png 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/1*NizXQVJK0LAMij3repq80A.png 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/1*NizXQVJK0LAMij3repq80A.png 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/1*NizXQVJK0LAMij3repq80A.png 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/1*NizXQVJK0LAMij3repq80A.png 1400w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px"/><img alt="" class="bh md oq c" width="700" height="450" loading="lazy" role="presentation"/></picture></div></div><figcaption class="or ff os od oe ot ou bf b bg z du">A still from a <a class="af oy" href="http://www.nas.gov.sg/archivesonline/audiovisual_records/record-details/65c5344f-1164-11e3-83d5-0050568939ad" rel="noopener ugc nofollow" target="_blank">video interview</a> with architect Tan Cheng Siong. <em class="ov">Reproduced from Listen to Our Walls: Pearl Bank Apartments, 2009, Freestate Productions. (From Mediacorp Pte Ltd, courtesy of the National Archives of Singapore, 2009006650)</em></figcaption></figure><p id="891c" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mw mx gu my b mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no np nq nr ns nt gn bk">In the example above, architect Tan Cheng Siong speaks about Pearl Bank Apartment’s mixed reception in pre-condominium Singapore. It was the tallest residential building in Southeast Asia when it was completed in 1976:</p><blockquote class="oz pa pb"><p id="1eb5" class="mw mx nu my b mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no np nq nr ns nt gn bk">“Newspapers at that time wrote about people being blown away in a typhoon, or dinners get eaten up by something that flies in or something like that. So there were [sic] much resistance. And the biggest resistance were the bankers, they would not finance the building!”</p></blockquote><figure class="og oh oi oj ok ol od oe paragraph-image"><div role="button" tabindex="0" class="om on fj oo bh op"><div class="od oe pc"><picture><source srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/format:webp/1*E75lLLo1kLO00dWlaXr7Lw.jpeg 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/format:webp/1*E75lLLo1kLO00dWlaXr7Lw.jpeg 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/format:webp/1*E75lLLo1kLO00dWlaXr7Lw.jpeg 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/format:webp/1*E75lLLo1kLO00dWlaXr7Lw.jpeg 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/1*E75lLLo1kLO00dWlaXr7Lw.jpeg 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/1*E75lLLo1kLO00dWlaXr7Lw.jpeg 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/1*E75lLLo1kLO00dWlaXr7Lw.jpeg 1400w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px" type="image/webp"/><source data-testid="og" srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/1*E75lLLo1kLO00dWlaXr7Lw.jpeg 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/1*E75lLLo1kLO00dWlaXr7Lw.jpeg 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/1*E75lLLo1kLO00dWlaXr7Lw.jpeg 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/1*E75lLLo1kLO00dWlaXr7Lw.jpeg 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/1*E75lLLo1kLO00dWlaXr7Lw.jpeg 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/1*E75lLLo1kLO00dWlaXr7Lw.jpeg 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/1*E75lLLo1kLO00dWlaXr7Lw.jpeg 1400w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px"/><img alt="" class="bh md oq c" width="700" height="440" loading="lazy" role="presentation"/></picture></div></div><figcaption class="or ff os od oe ot ou bf b bg z du">The Singapore Conference Hall and Trade Union House, c.1970 Courtesy of National Museum of Singapore, National Heritage Board.</figcaption></figure><p id="a5ee" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mw mx gu my b mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no np nq nr ns nt gn bk">Likewise, architect Lim Chong Keat speaks of the all-consuming effort to produce the Singapore Conference Hall and Trade Union House, an early example of post-colonial tropical modernism, borne out of a major open architecture competition. His team was involved in every aspect from furniture, to paintings and landscaping:</p><blockquote class="oz pa pb"><p id="8039" class="mw mx nu my b mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no np nq nr ns nt gn bk">“I’m not sure I like the phrase “a dream commission” because you do spend sleepless nights over a project. You live and eat and sleep it, so no time to dream about it, you’re actually doing it.”</p></blockquote><p id="8827" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mw mx gu my b mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no np nq nr ns nt gn bk">Besides interviews with architects, we included videos that capture social memories, such as a <a class="af oy" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zv8LszPZrlQ" rel="noopener ugc nofollow" target="_blank">poetry reading</a> by Boey Kim Cheng on the National Theatre and a <a class="af oy" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HgwGWYQjHqU" rel="noopener ugc nofollow" target="_blank">short film</a> on Pearl Bank Apartments. These are examples of how a building can have many lifetimes, lingering in collective memory even after the structure is gone.</p><p id="4b0f" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mw mx gu my b mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no np nq nr ns nt gn bk"><strong class="my gv">3.</strong> <strong class="my gv">Architecture Competitions</strong></p><figure class="og oh oi oj ok ol od oe paragraph-image"><div role="button" tabindex="0" class="om on fj oo bh op"><div class="od oe pd"><picture><source srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/format:webp/1*dFs6CJJ_fe_BmNFEB--K1g.png 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/format:webp/1*dFs6CJJ_fe_BmNFEB--K1g.png 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/format:webp/1*dFs6CJJ_fe_BmNFEB--K1g.png 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/format:webp/1*dFs6CJJ_fe_BmNFEB--K1g.png 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/1*dFs6CJJ_fe_BmNFEB--K1g.png 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/1*dFs6CJJ_fe_BmNFEB--K1g.png 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/1*dFs6CJJ_fe_BmNFEB--K1g.png 1400w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px" type="image/webp"/><source data-testid="og" srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/1*dFs6CJJ_fe_BmNFEB--K1g.png 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/1*dFs6CJJ_fe_BmNFEB--K1g.png 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/1*dFs6CJJ_fe_BmNFEB--K1g.png 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/1*dFs6CJJ_fe_BmNFEB--K1g.png 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/1*dFs6CJJ_fe_BmNFEB--K1g.png 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/1*dFs6CJJ_fe_BmNFEB--K1g.png 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/1*dFs6CJJ_fe_BmNFEB--K1g.png 1400w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px"/><img alt="" class="bh md oq c" width="700" height="467" loading="lazy" role="presentation"/></picture></div></div><figcaption class="or ff os od oe ot ou bf b bg z du">Pinnacle@Duxton, 2009. <em class="ov">Ministry of Information, Communications and the Arts Collection, courtesy of the National Archives of Singapore.</em></figcaption></figure><p id="7007" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mw mx gu my b mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no np nq nr ns nt gn bk">Did you know there were 201 other proposals for the Housing Development Board (HDB) flats at Duxton Plain in Chinatown? The winning design, Pinnacle@Duxton, came out of an international competition held in 2001. Teams from 30 countries had taken part and the three-year-old local firm, ARC Studio Urbanism + Architecture, working with RSP Architects Planners & Engineers, clinched the project.²</p><p id="07c1" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mw mx gu my b mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no np nq nr ns nt gn bk">It was interesting to peruse the other competition submissions. <a class="af oy" href="https://eservice.nlb.gov.sg/redir/itemdetails?bid=11906194" rel="noopener ugc nofollow" target="_blank"><em class="nu">Duxton Plain Public Housing: International Architectural and Design Competition</em></a><em class="nu"> </em>features page after page of thoughtful ideas for what Pinnacle@Duxton could have been. Take, for example, the submission by Alsop Architects Ltd from the UK. They had proposed six different blocks, a Tower of Faces, Tower of Landowners, Tower of Eyes, Groundscraper and Blocks 1 + 2.</p><figure class="og oh oi oj ok ol od oe paragraph-image"><div role="button" tabindex="0" class="om on fj oo bh op"><div class="od oe pe"><picture><source srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/format:webp/1*dB4V7bNLQNhzbMlo3TJRsA.jpeg 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/format:webp/1*dB4V7bNLQNhzbMlo3TJRsA.jpeg 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/format:webp/1*dB4V7bNLQNhzbMlo3TJRsA.jpeg 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/format:webp/1*dB4V7bNLQNhzbMlo3TJRsA.jpeg 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/1*dB4V7bNLQNhzbMlo3TJRsA.jpeg 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/1*dB4V7bNLQNhzbMlo3TJRsA.jpeg 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/1*dB4V7bNLQNhzbMlo3TJRsA.jpeg 1400w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px" type="image/webp"/><source data-testid="og" srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/1*dB4V7bNLQNhzbMlo3TJRsA.jpeg 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/1*dB4V7bNLQNhzbMlo3TJRsA.jpeg 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/1*dB4V7bNLQNhzbMlo3TJRsA.jpeg 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/1*dB4V7bNLQNhzbMlo3TJRsA.jpeg 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/1*dB4V7bNLQNhzbMlo3TJRsA.jpeg 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/1*dB4V7bNLQNhzbMlo3TJRsA.jpeg 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/1*dB4V7bNLQNhzbMlo3TJRsA.jpeg 1400w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px"/><img alt="" class="bh md oq c" width="700" height="495" loading="lazy" role="presentation"/></picture></div></div><figcaption class="or ff os od oe ot ou bf b bg z du">Submission by Alsop Architects Ltd for the Duxton Plain Public Housing competition. <em class="ov">Image reproduced from </em><a class="af oy" href="https://eservice.nlb.gov.sg/redir/itemdetails?bid=11906194" rel="noopener ugc nofollow" target="_blank"><em class="ov">Duxton Plain Public Housing: International Architectural and Design Competition</em></a><em class="ov"> (Singapore: Urban Redevelopment Authority, 2002), 86.</em></figcaption></figure><p id="15ae" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mw mx gu my b mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no np nq nr ns nt gn bk">Each block had its own design, so potential homeowners could choose their favourite. Their concept earned praise from two competition judges, renowned architects Fumihiko Maki and Moshe Safdie, for breaking away from the public housing norm of repetition and encouraging residents to “establish their own identity”.³</p><figure class="og oh oi oj ok ol od oe paragraph-image"><div role="button" tabindex="0" class="om on fj oo bh op"><div class="od oe pf"><picture><source srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/format:webp/1*iKJgKwSBOOGzoc6JSIEwQw.jpeg 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/format:webp/1*iKJgKwSBOOGzoc6JSIEwQw.jpeg 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/format:webp/1*iKJgKwSBOOGzoc6JSIEwQw.jpeg 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/format:webp/1*iKJgKwSBOOGzoc6JSIEwQw.jpeg 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/1*iKJgKwSBOOGzoc6JSIEwQw.jpeg 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/1*iKJgKwSBOOGzoc6JSIEwQw.jpeg 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/1*iKJgKwSBOOGzoc6JSIEwQw.jpeg 1400w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px" type="image/webp"/><source data-testid="og" srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/1*iKJgKwSBOOGzoc6JSIEwQw.jpeg 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/1*iKJgKwSBOOGzoc6JSIEwQw.jpeg 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/1*iKJgKwSBOOGzoc6JSIEwQw.jpeg 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/1*iKJgKwSBOOGzoc6JSIEwQw.jpeg 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/1*iKJgKwSBOOGzoc6JSIEwQw.jpeg 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/1*iKJgKwSBOOGzoc6JSIEwQw.jpeg 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/1*iKJgKwSBOOGzoc6JSIEwQw.jpeg 1400w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px"/><img alt="" class="bh md oq c" width="700" height="381" loading="lazy" role="presentation"/></picture></div></div><figcaption class="or ff os od oe ot ou bf b bg z du">Jury comprising Dr Moshe Safdie, Mr Edward H Y Wong, Mrs Koh-Lim Wen Gin, Dr Teo Ho Pin, Mr Raymond Woo and Prof Fumihiko Maki at the Duxton Plain Public Housing Exhibition, 2001. <em class="ov">Image reproduced from </em><a class="af oy" href="https://eservice.nlb.gov.sg/redir/itemdetails?bid=11906194" rel="noopener ugc nofollow" target="_blank"><em class="ov">Duxton Plain Public Housing: International Architectural and Design Competition</em></a><em class="ov"> (Singapore: Urban Redevelopment Authority, 2002), 184.</em></figcaption></figure><p id="df95" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mw mx gu my b mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no np nq nr ns nt gn bk"><strong class="my gv">4.</strong> <strong class="my gv">Artefacts That Show the People Side to These Buildings</strong></p><p id="f6e9" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mw mx gu my b mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no np nq nr ns nt gn bk">Besides concrete and steel, there are many “softer”, social sides to architecture. For instance, the first HDB flats designed by private architects were built in Tampines New Town. They became a well-loved setting for <em class="nu">Don’t Worry, Be Happy </em>(敢敢做个开心人), a popular local Mandarin television series about life in changing Singapore.</p><figure class="og oh oi oj ok ol od oe paragraph-image"><div role="button" tabindex="0" class="om on fj oo bh op"><div class="od oe pg"><picture><source srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/format:webp/1*ZhvKwhbNUrI--G0-HxozSQ.png 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/format:webp/1*ZhvKwhbNUrI--G0-HxozSQ.png 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/format:webp/1*ZhvKwhbNUrI--G0-HxozSQ.png 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/format:webp/1*ZhvKwhbNUrI--G0-HxozSQ.png 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/1*ZhvKwhbNUrI--G0-HxozSQ.png 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/1*ZhvKwhbNUrI--G0-HxozSQ.png 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/1*ZhvKwhbNUrI--G0-HxozSQ.png 1400w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px" type="image/webp"/><source data-testid="og" srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/1*ZhvKwhbNUrI--G0-HxozSQ.png 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/1*ZhvKwhbNUrI--G0-HxozSQ.png 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/1*ZhvKwhbNUrI--G0-HxozSQ.png 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/1*ZhvKwhbNUrI--G0-HxozSQ.png 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/1*ZhvKwhbNUrI--G0-HxozSQ.png 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/1*ZhvKwhbNUrI--G0-HxozSQ.png 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/1*ZhvKwhbNUrI--G0-HxozSQ.png 1400w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px"/><img alt="" class="bh md oq c" width="700" height="467" loading="lazy" role="presentation"/></picture></div></div><figcaption class="or ff os od oe ot ou bf b bg z du">HDB blocks at Tampines Neighbourhood Street 45 in 2007. <em class="ov">Courtesy of P&T Consultants Pte Ltd.</em></figcaption></figure><p id="a8e5" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mw mx gu my b mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no np nq nr ns nt gn bk">And what of connections and relationships among the architects themselves? The Singapore Conference Hall, People’s Park Complex and Golden Mile Complex emerged out of a key circle of colleagues from the Malayan Architects Co-partnership, whose founders met while studying in the United Kingdom.</p><figure class="og oh oi oj ok ol od oe paragraph-image"><div role="button" tabindex="0" class="om on fj oo bh op"><div class="od oe ph"><picture><source srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/format:webp/1*J7GbbFSz9tv_Ned3gMLSig.jpeg 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/format:webp/1*J7GbbFSz9tv_Ned3gMLSig.jpeg 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/format:webp/1*J7GbbFSz9tv_Ned3gMLSig.jpeg 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/format:webp/1*J7GbbFSz9tv_Ned3gMLSig.jpeg 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/1*J7GbbFSz9tv_Ned3gMLSig.jpeg 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/1*J7GbbFSz9tv_Ned3gMLSig.jpeg 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/1*J7GbbFSz9tv_Ned3gMLSig.jpeg 1400w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px" type="image/webp"/><source data-testid="og" srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/1*J7GbbFSz9tv_Ned3gMLSig.jpeg 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/1*J7GbbFSz9tv_Ned3gMLSig.jpeg 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/1*J7GbbFSz9tv_Ned3gMLSig.jpeg 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/1*J7GbbFSz9tv_Ned3gMLSig.jpeg 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/1*J7GbbFSz9tv_Ned3gMLSig.jpeg 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/1*J7GbbFSz9tv_Ned3gMLSig.jpeg 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/1*J7GbbFSz9tv_Ned3gMLSig.jpeg 1400w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px"/><img alt="" class="bh md oq c" width="700" height="692" loading="lazy" role="presentation"/></picture></div></div><figcaption class="or ff os od oe ot ou bf b bg z du">Pages from <a class="af oy" href="https://eservice.nlb.gov.sg/redir/itemdetails?bid=4348493" rel="noopener ugc nofollow" target="_blank">The Singapore Planning and Urban Research Group (S.P.U.R.)</a> (Singapore: SPUR, 1965), 11. <em class="ov">Photo by Alina Soh.</em></figcaption></figure><p id="e651" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mw mx gu my b mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no np nq nr ns nt gn bk">Some of this group were also pioneers of the Singapore Planning and Urban Research Group (S.P.U.R.), a non-profit think tank set up in the 1960s to brainstorm solutions for high-density living in Singapore. We have featured S.P.U.R.’s <a class="af oy" href="https://catalogue.nlb.gov.sg/search/card?recordId=4348493" rel="noopener ugc nofollow" target="_blank">first publication</a> (image above), showing their vision for the Golden Mile to be part of a network of interconnected vertical cities, with an underground thoroughfare and railway system. Though radical at the time, these are concepts we now take for granted today, such as the underground walkways that connect malls around Orchard and City Hall.</p><p id="b7b1" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mw mx gu my b mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no np nq nr ns nt gn bk"><strong class="my gv">5.</strong> <strong class="my gv">“My Grandfather’s Name” in a <em class="nu">Futura Apartments</em> Article</strong></p><figure class="og oh oi oj ok ol od oe paragraph-image"><div role="button" tabindex="0" class="om on fj oo bh op"><div class="od oe pi"><picture><source srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/format:webp/1*B2Z-y6HWx3uFTePuHa67rw.png 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/format:webp/1*B2Z-y6HWx3uFTePuHa67rw.png 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/format:webp/1*B2Z-y6HWx3uFTePuHa67rw.png 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/format:webp/1*B2Z-y6HWx3uFTePuHa67rw.png 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/1*B2Z-y6HWx3uFTePuHa67rw.png 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/1*B2Z-y6HWx3uFTePuHa67rw.png 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/1*B2Z-y6HWx3uFTePuHa67rw.png 1400w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px" type="image/webp"/><source data-testid="og" srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/1*B2Z-y6HWx3uFTePuHa67rw.png 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/1*B2Z-y6HWx3uFTePuHa67rw.png 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/1*B2Z-y6HWx3uFTePuHa67rw.png 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/1*B2Z-y6HWx3uFTePuHa67rw.png 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/1*B2Z-y6HWx3uFTePuHa67rw.png 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/1*B2Z-y6HWx3uFTePuHa67rw.png 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/1*B2Z-y6HWx3uFTePuHa67rw.png 1400w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px"/><img alt="" class="bh md oq c" width="700" height="507" loading="lazy" role="presentation"/></picture></div></div><figcaption class="or ff os od oe ot ou bf b bg z du">An article on the new construction methods employed to build Futura Apartments. <em class="ov">Image reproduced from “Futuristic Architectural Design” in The Construction Review, Volume 1(2) (Singapore: Times International, March 1973).</em></figcaption></figure><p id="4ece" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mw mx gu my b mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no np nq nr ns nt gn bk">I never met my Gong Gong, but a few years ago I discovered that his company, Chye Guan Building Contractor, built several well-known buildings in Singapore. They included the condominium Futura Apartments, which stood at Leonie Hill Road from 1976 to 2012. I was unaware of Futura’s significance until our team decided to feature it an example of innovative early condominiums in the 1970s, and we found it on the cover of a trade journal. The nearly 20-page spread called it “one of the boldest and most dynamic attempts at high-rise building”.</p><figure class="og oh oi oj ok ol od oe paragraph-image"><div class="od oe pj"><picture><source srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/format:webp/1*E7mFiaVKpnQt04mHEuWZYg.jpeg 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/format:webp/1*E7mFiaVKpnQt04mHEuWZYg.jpeg 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/format:webp/1*E7mFiaVKpnQt04mHEuWZYg.jpeg 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/format:webp/1*E7mFiaVKpnQt04mHEuWZYg.jpeg 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/1*E7mFiaVKpnQt04mHEuWZYg.jpeg 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/1*E7mFiaVKpnQt04mHEuWZYg.jpeg 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1168/format:webp/1*E7mFiaVKpnQt04mHEuWZYg.jpeg 1168w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 584px" type="image/webp"/><source data-testid="og" srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/1*E7mFiaVKpnQt04mHEuWZYg.jpeg 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/1*E7mFiaVKpnQt04mHEuWZYg.jpeg 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/1*E7mFiaVKpnQt04mHEuWZYg.jpeg 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/1*E7mFiaVKpnQt04mHEuWZYg.jpeg 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/1*E7mFiaVKpnQt04mHEuWZYg.jpeg 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/1*E7mFiaVKpnQt04mHEuWZYg.jpeg 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1168/1*E7mFiaVKpnQt04mHEuWZYg.jpeg 1168w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 584px"/><img alt="" class="bh md oq c" width="584" height="787" loading="lazy" role="presentation"/></picture></div><figcaption class="or ff os od oe ot ou bf b bg z du">Futura Apartments on the cover of a trade journal. <em class="ov">Image reproduced from </em><a class="af oy" href="https://eservice.nlb.gov.sg/redir/itemdetails?bid=4195582" rel="noopener ugc nofollow" target="_blank">Building Materials & Equipment Southeast Asia, Anniversary Issue</a><em class="ov">, (Singapore, Trend Publishing, March/April 1975).</em><strong class="bf pk"> </strong><em class="ov">Photo by Alina Soh.</em></figcaption></figure><p id="cb10" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mw mx gu my b mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no np nq nr ns nt gn bk">The architect of Futura Apartments, Timothy Seow, coined the term “bungalows in the air” as a new proposal for high-rise living in the 1970s.⁴ Futura’s apartments mimicked the space and privacy of landed housing through cantilevered living rooms with panoramic view of the city, lifts that opened directly into individual units, and no shared party walls. Its space-age design gave the apartments a luxurious, futuristic feel, as did the introduction of then-unfamiliar amenities like sauna baths.</p><p id="dbbf" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mw mx gu my b mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no np nq nr ns nt gn bk">However, it was not a straightforward construction project. As I read about concrete being poured into new wooden formwork moulds to achieve the required curved walls, I wondered what the project managers would have experienced. When I learned about the float glass used for the windows of the living rooms that was “distortion free and cuts out 37 per cent solar heat,” I wondered what the sourcing would have been like.</p><p id="4d99" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mw mx gu my b mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no np nq nr ns nt gn bk">Over Chinese New Year in 2024, my extended family shared photos of Gong Gong’s work with me. It was interesting to learn about the built industry from other angles. I was reminded that a building is more than an architect’s vision, and there are micro-histories that lie with the subcontractors, builders, plasterers, carpenters, plumbers and so on, just waiting to be told.</p><figure class="og oh oi oj ok ol od oe paragraph-image"><div role="button" tabindex="0" class="om on fj oo bh op"><div class="od oe pl"><picture><source srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/format:webp/1*sgq4kh9lwFF6U5bk1BxKfA.jpeg 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/format:webp/1*sgq4kh9lwFF6U5bk1BxKfA.jpeg 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/format:webp/1*sgq4kh9lwFF6U5bk1BxKfA.jpeg 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/format:webp/1*sgq4kh9lwFF6U5bk1BxKfA.jpeg 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/1*sgq4kh9lwFF6U5bk1BxKfA.jpeg 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/1*sgq4kh9lwFF6U5bk1BxKfA.jpeg 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/1*sgq4kh9lwFF6U5bk1BxKfA.jpeg 1400w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px" type="image/webp"/><source data-testid="og" srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/1*sgq4kh9lwFF6U5bk1BxKfA.jpeg 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/1*sgq4kh9lwFF6U5bk1BxKfA.jpeg 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/1*sgq4kh9lwFF6U5bk1BxKfA.jpeg 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/1*sgq4kh9lwFF6U5bk1BxKfA.jpeg 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/1*sgq4kh9lwFF6U5bk1BxKfA.jpeg 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/1*sgq4kh9lwFF6U5bk1BxKfA.jpeg 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/1*sgq4kh9lwFF6U5bk1BxKfA.jpeg 1400w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px"/><img alt="" class="bh md oq c" width="700" height="1055" loading="lazy" role="presentation"/></picture></div></div><figcaption class="or ff os od oe ot ou bf b bg z du">Futura Project Documentation by Chye Guan Main Building Contractor. <em class="ov">Courtesy of Yeo family.</em></figcaption></figure></div></div></div><div class="ab cb nv nw nx ny" role="separator"><span class="nz by bm oa ob oc"></span><span class="nz by bm oa ob oc"></span><span class="nz by bm oa ob"></span></div><div class="gn go gp gq gr"><div class="ab cb"><div class="ci bh fz ga gb gc"><p id="ae5c" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mw mx gu my b mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no np nq nr ns nt gn bk">Hannah Yeo <em class="nu">is a Librarian with the National Library of Singapore and curated “Dare to Design: Singapore Architecture 1960s</em>–<em class="nu">2000s”.</em></p></div></div></div><div class="ab cb nv nw nx ny" role="separator"><span class="nz by bm oa ob oc"></span><span class="nz by bm oa ob oc"></span><span class="nz by bm oa ob"></span></div><div class="gn go gp gq gr"><div class="ab cb"><div class="ci bh fz ga gb gc"><p id="874f" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mw mx gu my b mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no np nq nr ns nt gn bk"><em class="nu">Dare to Design</em> highlights a selection of significant buildings that pushed the envelope of architecture in Singapore, including:</p><p id="1a16" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mw mx gu my b mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no np nq nr ns nt gn bk"><strong class="my gv">The National Theatre</strong></p><figure class="og oh oi oj ok ol od oe paragraph-image"><div role="button" tabindex="0" class="om on fj oo bh op"><div class="od oe pm"><picture><source srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/format:webp/1*2OSF7WADgXcCMV3sSRg1Rg.jpeg 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/format:webp/1*2OSF7WADgXcCMV3sSRg1Rg.jpeg 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/format:webp/1*2OSF7WADgXcCMV3sSRg1Rg.jpeg 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/format:webp/1*2OSF7WADgXcCMV3sSRg1Rg.jpeg 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/1*2OSF7WADgXcCMV3sSRg1Rg.jpeg 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/1*2OSF7WADgXcCMV3sSRg1Rg.jpeg 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/1*2OSF7WADgXcCMV3sSRg1Rg.jpeg 1400w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px" type="image/webp"/><source data-testid="og" srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/1*2OSF7WADgXcCMV3sSRg1Rg.jpeg 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/1*2OSF7WADgXcCMV3sSRg1Rg.jpeg 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/1*2OSF7WADgXcCMV3sSRg1Rg.jpeg 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/1*2OSF7WADgXcCMV3sSRg1Rg.jpeg 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/1*2OSF7WADgXcCMV3sSRg1Rg.jpeg 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/1*2OSF7WADgXcCMV3sSRg1Rg.jpeg 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/1*2OSF7WADgXcCMV3sSRg1Rg.jpeg 1400w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px"/><img alt="" class="bh md oq c" width="700" height="465" loading="eager" role="presentation"/></picture></div></div><figcaption class="or ff os od oe ot ou bf b bg z du">John C Young Collection, National Archives of Singapore (c.1968–1970)</figcaption></figure><p id="7e00" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mw mx gu my b mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no np nq nr ns nt gn bk"><strong class="my gv">People’s Park Complex</strong></p><figure class="og oh oi oj ok ol od oe paragraph-image"><div role="button" tabindex="0" class="om on fj oo bh op"><div class="od oe pn"><picture><source srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/format:webp/1*hD9In1uXr6PEE-uGwbBSgg.jpeg 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/format:webp/1*hD9In1uXr6PEE-uGwbBSgg.jpeg 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/format:webp/1*hD9In1uXr6PEE-uGwbBSgg.jpeg 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/format:webp/1*hD9In1uXr6PEE-uGwbBSgg.jpeg 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/1*hD9In1uXr6PEE-uGwbBSgg.jpeg 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/1*hD9In1uXr6PEE-uGwbBSgg.jpeg 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/1*hD9In1uXr6PEE-uGwbBSgg.jpeg 1400w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px" type="image/webp"/><source data-testid="og" srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/1*hD9In1uXr6PEE-uGwbBSgg.jpeg 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/1*hD9In1uXr6PEE-uGwbBSgg.jpeg 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/1*hD9In1uXr6PEE-uGwbBSgg.jpeg 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/1*hD9In1uXr6PEE-uGwbBSgg.jpeg 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/1*hD9In1uXr6PEE-uGwbBSgg.jpeg 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/1*hD9In1uXr6PEE-uGwbBSgg.jpeg 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/1*hD9In1uXr6PEE-uGwbBSgg.jpeg 1400w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px"/><img alt="" class="bh md oq c" width="700" height="700" loading="lazy" role="presentation"/></picture></div></div><figcaption class="or ff os od oe ot ou bf b bg z du">Photo by Darren Soh (2016)</figcaption></figure><p id="6863" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mw mx gu my b mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no np nq nr ns nt gn bk"><strong class="my gv">Golden Mile Complex</strong></p><figure class="og oh oi oj ok ol od oe paragraph-image"><div role="button" tabindex="0" class="om on fj oo bh op"><div class="od oe po"><picture><source srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/format:webp/1*E5B_LuTWHazu-hpI2_DpJA.jpeg 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/format:webp/1*E5B_LuTWHazu-hpI2_DpJA.jpeg 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/format:webp/1*E5B_LuTWHazu-hpI2_DpJA.jpeg 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/format:webp/1*E5B_LuTWHazu-hpI2_DpJA.jpeg 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/1*E5B_LuTWHazu-hpI2_DpJA.jpeg 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/1*E5B_LuTWHazu-hpI2_DpJA.jpeg 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/1*E5B_LuTWHazu-hpI2_DpJA.jpeg 1400w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px" type="image/webp"/><source data-testid="og" srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/1*E5B_LuTWHazu-hpI2_DpJA.jpeg 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/1*E5B_LuTWHazu-hpI2_DpJA.jpeg 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/1*E5B_LuTWHazu-hpI2_DpJA.jpeg 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/1*E5B_LuTWHazu-hpI2_DpJA.jpeg 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/1*E5B_LuTWHazu-hpI2_DpJA.jpeg 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/1*E5B_LuTWHazu-hpI2_DpJA.jpeg 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/1*E5B_LuTWHazu-hpI2_DpJA.jpeg 1400w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px"/><img alt="" class="bh md oq c" width="700" height="467" loading="lazy" role="presentation"/></picture></div></div><figcaption class="or ff os od oe ot ou bf b bg z du">Photo by Darren Soh (2014)</figcaption></figure><p id="9086" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mw mx gu my b mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no np nq nr ns nt gn bk"><strong class="my gv">Pearl Bank Apartments</strong></p><figure class="og oh oi oj ok ol od oe paragraph-image"><div role="button" tabindex="0" class="om on fj oo bh op"><div class="od oe pp"><picture><source srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/format:webp/1*rtIXLH8M0x92j3waR3ROkQ.jpeg 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/format:webp/1*rtIXLH8M0x92j3waR3ROkQ.jpeg 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/format:webp/1*rtIXLH8M0x92j3waR3ROkQ.jpeg 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/format:webp/1*rtIXLH8M0x92j3waR3ROkQ.jpeg 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/1*rtIXLH8M0x92j3waR3ROkQ.jpeg 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/1*rtIXLH8M0x92j3waR3ROkQ.jpeg 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/1*rtIXLH8M0x92j3waR3ROkQ.jpeg 1400w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px" type="image/webp"/><source data-testid="og" srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/1*rtIXLH8M0x92j3waR3ROkQ.jpeg 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/1*rtIXLH8M0x92j3waR3ROkQ.jpeg 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/1*rtIXLH8M0x92j3waR3ROkQ.jpeg 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/1*rtIXLH8M0x92j3waR3ROkQ.jpeg 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/1*rtIXLH8M0x92j3waR3ROkQ.jpeg 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/1*rtIXLH8M0x92j3waR3ROkQ.jpeg 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/1*rtIXLH8M0x92j3waR3ROkQ.jpeg 1400w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px"/><img alt="" class="bh md oq c" width="700" height="990" loading="lazy" role="presentation"/></picture></div></div><figcaption class="or ff os od oe ot ou bf b bg z du">Courtesy of Archurban Architects Planners Pte Ltd (2014)</figcaption></figure><p id="128b" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mw mx gu my b mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no np nq nr ns nt gn bk">Books, building plans, photographs, and more will be displayed in an exhibition at the National Library Lobby from 28 November 2023 to 16 June 2024. A smaller display is also available at Tampines Regional Library until 9 June 2024.</p><figure class="og oh oi oj ok ol od oe paragraph-image"><div role="button" tabindex="0" class="om on fj oo bh op"><div class="od oe pq"><picture><source srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/format:webp/1*y99xYYxa1TnLmLxTkVbukQ.png 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/format:webp/1*y99xYYxa1TnLmLxTkVbukQ.png 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/format:webp/1*y99xYYxa1TnLmLxTkVbukQ.png 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/format:webp/1*y99xYYxa1TnLmLxTkVbukQ.png 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/1*y99xYYxa1TnLmLxTkVbukQ.png 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/1*y99xYYxa1TnLmLxTkVbukQ.png 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/1*y99xYYxa1TnLmLxTkVbukQ.png 1400w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px" type="image/webp"/><source data-testid="og" srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/1*y99xYYxa1TnLmLxTkVbukQ.png 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/1*y99xYYxa1TnLmLxTkVbukQ.png 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/1*y99xYYxa1TnLmLxTkVbukQ.png 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/1*y99xYYxa1TnLmLxTkVbukQ.png 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/1*y99xYYxa1TnLmLxTkVbukQ.png 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/1*y99xYYxa1TnLmLxTkVbukQ.png 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/1*y99xYYxa1TnLmLxTkVbukQ.png 1400w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px"/><img alt="" class="bh md oq c" width="700" height="231" loading="lazy" role="presentation"/></picture></div></div><figcaption class="or ff os od oe ot ou bf b bg z du">Visitors at the <em class="ov">Dare to Design: Singapore Architecture 1960s–2000s </em>exhibition<em class="ov"> </em>at the National Library Building Lobby (left) and at a Public Library (right).</figcaption></figure></div></div></div><div class="ab cb nv nw nx ny" role="separator"><span class="nz by bm oa ob oc"></span><span class="nz by bm oa ob oc"></span><span class="nz by bm oa ob"></span></div><div class="gn go gp gq gr"><div class="ab cb"><div class="ci bh fz ga gb gc"><p id="89cb" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mw mx gu my b mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no np nq nr ns nt gn bk"><a class="af oy" href="#_ftnref1" rel="noopener ugc nofollow">[1]</a> Alfred Wong, “<a class="af oy" href="https://www.nas.gov.sg/archivesonline/audiovisual_records/record-details/4c499e87-c2cb-11e7-bbf1-0050568939ad" rel="noopener ugc nofollow" target="_blank">Building Dreams–In Search of Singapore Architecture Ep 1: Dawn of a New Era</a>,” 24 February 2002, Video. National Archives of Singapore (accession no. 2017025928)</p><p id="8c2f" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mw mx gu my b mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no np nq nr ns nt gn bk"><a class="af oy" href="#_ftnref1" rel="noopener ugc nofollow">[2]</a> “<a class="af oy" href="https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/today20020501-1.2.6.8" rel="noopener ugc nofollow" target="_blank">Local Architect Firm Wins Competition</a>,” <em class="nu">Today</em>, 1 May 2002, 4. (From NewspaperSG)</p><p id="dda8" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mw mx gu my b mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no np nq nr ns nt gn bk"><a class="af oy" href="#_ftnref1" rel="noopener ugc nofollow">[3]</a> <a class="af oy" href="https://eservice.nlb.gov.sg/redir/itemdetails?bid=11906194" rel="noopener ugc nofollow" target="_blank"><em class="nu">Duxton Plain Public Housing: International Architectural and Design Competition</em></a><em class="nu"> </em>(Singapore: Urban Redevelopment Authority, 2002), 86.</p><p id="d164" class="pw-post-body-paragraph mw mx gu my b mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no np nq nr ns nt gn bk"><a class="af oy" href="#_ftnref1" rel="noopener ugc nofollow">[4]</a> Nellie Har, ‘“<a class="af oy" href="https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19700626-1.2.62" rel="noopener ugc nofollow" target="_blank">Bungalows in the Air’–A Unique $2m Project with Swim Pool and Roof Garden</a>,” <em class="nu">Straits Times</em>, 26 June 1970, 10. (From NewspaperSG)</p></div></div></div></div></section></div></div></article></div><div class="ab cb"><div class="ci bh fz ga gb gc"><div class="pr ps ab ja"><div class="pt ab"><a class="pu ay am ao" rel="noopener follow" href="/tag/singapore?source=post_page-----abdcec9fc143--------------------------------"><div class="pv fj cx pw ge px py bf b bg z bk pz">Singapore</div></a></div><div class="pt ab"><a class="pu ay am ao" rel="noopener follow" href="/tag/architecture?source=post_page-----abdcec9fc143--------------------------------"><div class="pv fj cx pw ge px py bf b bg z bk pz">Architecture</div></a></div><div class="pt ab"><a class="pu ay am ao" rel="noopener follow" href="/tag/urban-planning?source=post_page-----abdcec9fc143--------------------------------"><div class="pv fj cx pw ge px py bf b bg z bk pz">Urban Planning</div></a></div><div class="pt ab"><a class="pu ay am ao" rel="noopener follow" 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Dare to Design: Singapore Architecture 1960s–2000 features a selection of eight significant buildings that had pushed the envelope of architecture innovation in Singapore.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[{"__typename":"Markup","type":"EM","start":186,"end":235,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null}],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:5d8a058e2f4b_4":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"5d8a058e2f4b_4","name":"029a","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"The exhibition at the National Library Building’s Lobby ends its run on 16 June and here are five of my favourite things from Dare to Design:","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[{"__typename":"Markup","type":"EM","start":126,"end":141,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null}],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:5d8a058e2f4b_5":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"5d8a058e2f4b_5","name":"db4a","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"1. Hand-Drawn Buildings Plans","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[{"__typename":"Markup","type":"STRONG","start":0,"end":2,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null},{"__typename":"Markup","type":"STRONG","start":3,"end":29,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null}],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:5d8a058e2f4b_6":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"5d8a058e2f4b_6","name":"ceb3","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"Tucked away in the corner of the Dare to Design exhibition are two drawers holding original building plans of People’s Park Complex. They were submitted to the Building and Construction Authority for approval in 1968 and 1970, just a few years after the architecture firm behind it, Design Partnership, was established in 1967.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[{"__typename":"Markup","type":"EM","start":33,"end":47,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null}],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"ImageMetadata:1*UR2coT0ArYts2iI4MCgaPQ.jpeg":{"__typename":"ImageMetadata","id":"1*UR2coT0ArYts2iI4MCgaPQ.jpeg","originalHeight":2867,"originalWidth":3810,"focusPercentX":null,"focusPercentY":null,"alt":null},"Paragraph:5d8a058e2f4b_7":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"5d8a058e2f4b_7","name":"5f7a","type":"IMG","href":null,"layout":"INSET_CENTER","metadata":{"__ref":"ImageMetadata:1*UR2coT0ArYts2iI4MCgaPQ.jpeg"},"text":"South-East Section of People’s Park Complex, Design Partnership, 1970. Photo by Hannah Yeo.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[{"__typename":"Markup","type":"EM","start":71,"end":91,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null}],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:5d8a058e2f4b_8":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"5d8a058e2f4b_8","name":"fc0b","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"Founded by the late William Lim, together with Tay Kheng Soon and Koh Seow Chuan, Design Partnership sought to adapt global ideas to Singapore as part of the nation-building process. Their People’s Park Complex was Singapore’s first mixed-use building. It was also the first shopping mall with atriums, an idea based on the Japanese Metabolist movement’s idea of “city rooms” — indoor public spaces for communities to gather. The building plans in the exhibition are hand-drawn, not computer-generated. Looking at them, you can imagine the thought, precision and vision that went into their design. You can also see the “Design Partnership” stamp and observe built-in spaces on every fifth floor of the tower block designed to create mini-neighbourhoods.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"ImageMetadata:1*_S4hDYrbTB3bFtoukHkQBQ.jpeg":{"__typename":"ImageMetadata","id":"1*_S4hDYrbTB3bFtoukHkQBQ.jpeg","originalHeight":2184,"originalWidth":4608,"focusPercentX":null,"focusPercentY":null,"alt":null},"Paragraph:5d8a058e2f4b_9":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"5d8a058e2f4b_9","name":"ae9b","type":"IMG","href":null,"layout":"INSET_CENTER","metadata":{"__ref":"ImageMetadata:1*_S4hDYrbTB3bFtoukHkQBQ.jpeg"},"text":"The Dare to Design exhibition “studio” featuring original and reproduced building plans. Photo by Hannah Yeo.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[{"__typename":"Markup","type":"EM","start":4,"end":19,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null},{"__typename":"Markup","type":"EM","start":89,"end":109,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null}],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:5d8a058e2f4b_10":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"5d8a058e2f4b_10","name":"1e8c","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"On the top of the drawers at our exhibition, we feature reproduced plans for the National Theatre and the Singapore Conference Hall and Trade Union House. Besides displaying the “guts” of the building, these competition drawings are a reminder that the first design submission is rarely the final one. For example, Alfred Wong’s National Theatre design drawing shows 7,000 seats because that was what the brief had called for. Wong later described it as a “very idealistic” and “shoot-for-the-moon” brief, and the number of seats was brought down to 3,420 to save costs.¹ A vignette of client overenthusiasm perhaps, or simply the euphoria of building a new nation.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:5d8a058e2f4b_11":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"5d8a058e2f4b_11","name":"352e","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"2. Videos. Of. 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It is refreshing to listen to architects explain their works in their own words.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"ImageMetadata:1*NizXQVJK0LAMij3repq80A.png":{"__typename":"ImageMetadata","id":"1*NizXQVJK0LAMij3repq80A.png","originalHeight":719,"originalWidth":1120,"focusPercentX":null,"focusPercentY":null,"alt":null},"Paragraph:5d8a058e2f4b_13":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"5d8a058e2f4b_13","name":"32f3","type":"IMG","href":null,"layout":"INSET_CENTER","metadata":{"__ref":"ImageMetadata:1*NizXQVJK0LAMij3repq80A.png"},"text":"A still from a video interview with architect Tan Cheng Siong. Reproduced from Listen to Our Walls: Pearl Bank Apartments, 2009, Freestate Productions. 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It was the tallest residential building in Southeast Asia when it was completed in 1976:","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:5d8a058e2f4b_15":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"5d8a058e2f4b_15","name":"1eb5","type":"BQ","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"“Newspapers at that time wrote about people being blown away in a typhoon, or dinners get eaten up by something that flies in or something like that. So there were [sic] much resistance. And the biggest resistance were the bankers, they would not finance the building!”","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"ImageMetadata:1*E75lLLo1kLO00dWlaXr7Lw.jpeg":{"__typename":"ImageMetadata","id":"1*E75lLLo1kLO00dWlaXr7Lw.jpeg","originalHeight":1692,"originalWidth":2693,"focusPercentX":null,"focusPercentY":null,"alt":null},"Paragraph:5d8a058e2f4b_16":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"5d8a058e2f4b_16","name":"b815","type":"IMG","href":null,"layout":"INSET_CENTER","metadata":{"__ref":"ImageMetadata:1*E75lLLo1kLO00dWlaXr7Lw.jpeg"},"text":"The Singapore Conference Hall and Trade Union House, c.1970 Courtesy of National Museum of Singapore, National Heritage Board.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:5d8a058e2f4b_17":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"5d8a058e2f4b_17","name":"a5ee","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"Likewise, architect Lim Chong Keat speaks of the all-consuming effort to produce the Singapore Conference Hall and Trade Union House, an early example of post-colonial tropical modernism, borne out of a major open architecture competition. His team was involved in every aspect from furniture, to paintings and landscaping:","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:5d8a058e2f4b_18":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"5d8a058e2f4b_18","name":"8039","type":"BQ","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"“I’m not sure I like the phrase “a dream commission” because you do spend sleepless nights over a project. You live and eat and sleep it, so no time to dream about it, you’re actually doing it.”","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:5d8a058e2f4b_19":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"5d8a058e2f4b_19","name":"8827","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"Besides interviews with architects, we included videos that capture social memories, such as a poetry reading by Boey Kim Cheng on the National Theatre and a short film on Pearl Bank Apartments. These are examples of how a building can have many lifetimes, lingering in collective memory even after the structure is gone.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[{"__typename":"Markup","type":"A","start":95,"end":109,"href":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.youtube.com\u002Fwatch?v=zv8LszPZrlQ","anchorType":"LINK","userId":null,"linkMetadata":null},{"__typename":"Markup","type":"A","start":158,"end":168,"href":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.youtube.com\u002Fwatch?v=HgwGWYQjHqU","anchorType":"LINK","userId":null,"linkMetadata":null}],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:5d8a058e2f4b_20":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"5d8a058e2f4b_20","name":"4b0f","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"3. Architecture Competitions","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[{"__typename":"Markup","type":"STRONG","start":0,"end":2,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null},{"__typename":"Markup","type":"STRONG","start":3,"end":28,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null}],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"ImageMetadata:1*dFs6CJJ_fe_BmNFEB--K1g.png":{"__typename":"ImageMetadata","id":"1*dFs6CJJ_fe_BmNFEB--K1g.png","originalHeight":2336,"originalWidth":3504,"focusPercentX":null,"focusPercentY":null,"alt":null},"Paragraph:5d8a058e2f4b_21":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"5d8a058e2f4b_21","name":"e618","type":"IMG","href":null,"layout":"INSET_CENTER","metadata":{"__ref":"ImageMetadata:1*dFs6CJJ_fe_BmNFEB--K1g.png"},"text":"Pinnacle@Duxton, 2009. Ministry of Information, Communications and the Arts Collection, courtesy of the National Archives of Singapore.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[{"__typename":"Markup","type":"EM","start":23,"end":135,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null}],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:5d8a058e2f4b_22":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"5d8a058e2f4b_22","name":"7007","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"Did you know there were 201 other proposals for the Housing Development Board (HDB) flats at Duxton Plain in Chinatown? The winning design, Pinnacle@Duxton, came out of an international competition held in 2001. Teams from 30 countries had taken part and the three-year-old local firm, ARC Studio Urbanism + Architecture, working with RSP Architects Planners & Engineers, clinched the project.²","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:5d8a058e2f4b_23":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"5d8a058e2f4b_23","name":"07c1","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"It was interesting to peruse the other competition submissions. Duxton Plain Public Housing: International Architectural and Design Competition features page after page of thoughtful ideas for what Pinnacle@Duxton could have been. Take, for example, the submission by Alsop Architects Ltd from the UK. They had proposed six different blocks, a Tower of Faces, Tower of Landowners, Tower of Eyes, Groundscraper and Blocks 1 + 2.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[{"__typename":"Markup","type":"A","start":64,"end":143,"href":"https:\u002F\u002Feservice.nlb.gov.sg\u002Fredir\u002Fitemdetails?bid=11906194","anchorType":"LINK","userId":null,"linkMetadata":null},{"__typename":"Markup","type":"EM","start":64,"end":144,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null}],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"ImageMetadata:1*dB4V7bNLQNhzbMlo3TJRsA.jpeg":{"__typename":"ImageMetadata","id":"1*dB4V7bNLQNhzbMlo3TJRsA.jpeg","originalHeight":2122,"originalWidth":3001,"focusPercentX":null,"focusPercentY":null,"alt":null},"Paragraph:5d8a058e2f4b_24":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"5d8a058e2f4b_24","name":"ce8b","type":"IMG","href":null,"layout":"INSET_CENTER","metadata":{"__ref":"ImageMetadata:1*dB4V7bNLQNhzbMlo3TJRsA.jpeg"},"text":"Submission by Alsop Architects Ltd for the Duxton Plain Public Housing competition. Image reproduced from Duxton Plain Public Housing: International Architectural and Design Competition (Singapore: Urban Redevelopment Authority, 2002), 86.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[{"__typename":"Markup","type":"A","start":106,"end":185,"href":"https:\u002F\u002Feservice.nlb.gov.sg\u002Fredir\u002Fitemdetails?bid=11906194","anchorType":"LINK","userId":null,"linkMetadata":null},{"__typename":"Markup","type":"EM","start":84,"end":239,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null}],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:5d8a058e2f4b_25":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"5d8a058e2f4b_25","name":"15ae","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"Each block had its own design, so potential homeowners could choose their favourite. Their concept earned praise from two competition judges, renowned architects Fumihiko Maki and Moshe Safdie, for breaking away from the public housing norm of repetition and encouraging residents to “establish their own identity”.³","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"ImageMetadata:1*iKJgKwSBOOGzoc6JSIEwQw.jpeg":{"__typename":"ImageMetadata","id":"1*iKJgKwSBOOGzoc6JSIEwQw.jpeg","originalHeight":877,"originalWidth":1614,"focusPercentX":null,"focusPercentY":null,"alt":null},"Paragraph:5d8a058e2f4b_26":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"5d8a058e2f4b_26","name":"49f9","type":"IMG","href":null,"layout":"INSET_CENTER","metadata":{"__ref":"ImageMetadata:1*iKJgKwSBOOGzoc6JSIEwQw.jpeg"},"text":"Jury comprising Dr Moshe Safdie, Mr Edward H Y Wong, Mrs Koh-Lim Wen Gin, Dr Teo Ho Pin, Mr Raymond Woo and Prof Fumihiko Maki at the Duxton Plain Public Housing Exhibition, 2001. Image reproduced from Duxton Plain Public Housing: International Architectural and Design Competition (Singapore: Urban Redevelopment Authority, 2002), 184.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[{"__typename":"Markup","type":"A","start":202,"end":281,"href":"https:\u002F\u002Feservice.nlb.gov.sg\u002Fredir\u002Fitemdetails?bid=11906194","anchorType":"LINK","userId":null,"linkMetadata":null},{"__typename":"Markup","type":"EM","start":180,"end":336,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null}],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:5d8a058e2f4b_27":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"5d8a058e2f4b_27","name":"df95","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"4. Artefacts That Show the People Side to These Buildings","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[{"__typename":"Markup","type":"STRONG","start":0,"end":2,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null},{"__typename":"Markup","type":"STRONG","start":3,"end":57,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null}],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:5d8a058e2f4b_28":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"5d8a058e2f4b_28","name":"f6e9","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"Besides concrete and steel, there are many “softer”, social sides to architecture. For instance, the first HDB flats designed by private architects were built in Tampines New Town. They became a well-loved setting for Don’t Worry, Be Happy (敢敢做个开心人), a popular local Mandarin television series about life in changing Singapore.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[{"__typename":"Markup","type":"EM","start":218,"end":240,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null}],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"ImageMetadata:1*ZhvKwhbNUrI--G0-HxozSQ.png":{"__typename":"ImageMetadata","id":"1*ZhvKwhbNUrI--G0-HxozSQ.png","originalHeight":2731,"originalWidth":4096,"focusPercentX":null,"focusPercentY":null,"alt":null},"Paragraph:5d8a058e2f4b_29":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"5d8a058e2f4b_29","name":"9701","type":"IMG","href":null,"layout":"INSET_CENTER","metadata":{"__ref":"ImageMetadata:1*ZhvKwhbNUrI--G0-HxozSQ.png"},"text":"HDB blocks at Tampines Neighbourhood Street 45 in 2007. Courtesy of P&T Consultants Pte Ltd.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[{"__typename":"Markup","type":"EM","start":56,"end":92,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null}],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:5d8a058e2f4b_30":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"5d8a058e2f4b_30","name":"a8e5","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"And what of connections and relationships among the architects themselves? The Singapore Conference Hall, People’s Park Complex and Golden Mile Complex emerged out of a key circle of colleagues from the Malayan Architects Co-partnership, whose founders met while studying in the United Kingdom.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"ImageMetadata:1*J7GbbFSz9tv_Ned3gMLSig.jpeg":{"__typename":"ImageMetadata","id":"1*J7GbbFSz9tv_Ned3gMLSig.jpeg","originalHeight":910,"originalWidth":921,"focusPercentX":null,"focusPercentY":null,"alt":null},"Paragraph:5d8a058e2f4b_31":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"5d8a058e2f4b_31","name":"9d76","type":"IMG","href":null,"layout":"INSET_CENTER","metadata":{"__ref":"ImageMetadata:1*J7GbbFSz9tv_Ned3gMLSig.jpeg"},"text":"Pages from The Singapore Planning and Urban Research Group (S.P.U.R.) (Singapore: SPUR, 1965), 11. Photo by Alina Soh.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[{"__typename":"Markup","type":"A","start":11,"end":69,"href":"https:\u002F\u002Feservice.nlb.gov.sg\u002Fredir\u002Fitemdetails?bid=4348493","anchorType":"LINK","userId":null,"linkMetadata":null},{"__typename":"Markup","type":"EM","start":99,"end":118,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null}],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:5d8a058e2f4b_32":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"5d8a058e2f4b_32","name":"e651","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"Some of this group were also pioneers of the Singapore Planning and Urban Research Group (S.P.U.R.), a non-profit think tank set up in the 1960s to brainstorm solutions for high-density living in Singapore. We have featured S.P.U.R.’s first publication (image above), showing their vision for the Golden Mile to be part of a network of interconnected vertical cities, with an underground thoroughfare and railway system. Though radical at the time, these are concepts we now take for granted today, such as the underground walkways that connect malls around Orchard and City Hall.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[{"__typename":"Markup","type":"A","start":235,"end":252,"href":"https:\u002F\u002Fcatalogue.nlb.gov.sg\u002Fsearch\u002Fcard?recordId=4348493","anchorType":"LINK","userId":null,"linkMetadata":null}],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:5d8a058e2f4b_33":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"5d8a058e2f4b_33","name":"b7b1","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"5. “My Grandfather’s Name” in a Futura Apartments Article","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[{"__typename":"Markup","type":"STRONG","start":0,"end":2,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null},{"__typename":"Markup","type":"STRONG","start":3,"end":57,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null},{"__typename":"Markup","type":"EM","start":32,"end":49,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null}],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"ImageMetadata:1*B2Z-y6HWx3uFTePuHa67rw.png":{"__typename":"ImageMetadata","id":"1*B2Z-y6HWx3uFTePuHa67rw.png","originalHeight":1005,"originalWidth":1389,"focusPercentX":null,"focusPercentY":null,"alt":null},"Paragraph:5d8a058e2f4b_34":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"5d8a058e2f4b_34","name":"a7f2","type":"IMG","href":null,"layout":"INSET_CENTER","metadata":{"__ref":"ImageMetadata:1*B2Z-y6HWx3uFTePuHa67rw.png"},"text":"An article on the new construction methods employed to build Futura Apartments. Image reproduced from “Futuristic Architectural Design” in The Construction Review, Volume 1(2) (Singapore: Times International, March 1973).","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[{"__typename":"Markup","type":"EM","start":80,"end":221,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null}],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:5d8a058e2f4b_35":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"5d8a058e2f4b_35","name":"4ece","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"I never met my Gong Gong, but a few years ago I discovered that his company, Chye Guan Building Contractor, built several well-known buildings in Singapore. They included the condominium Futura Apartments, which stood at Leonie Hill Road from 1976 to 2012. I was unaware of Futura’s significance until our team decided to feature it an example of innovative early condominiums in the 1970s, and we found it on the cover of a trade journal. The nearly 20-page spread called it “one of the boldest and most dynamic attempts at high-rise building”.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"ImageMetadata:1*E7mFiaVKpnQt04mHEuWZYg.jpeg":{"__typename":"ImageMetadata","id":"1*E7mFiaVKpnQt04mHEuWZYg.jpeg","originalHeight":787,"originalWidth":584,"focusPercentX":null,"focusPercentY":null,"alt":null},"Paragraph:5d8a058e2f4b_36":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"5d8a058e2f4b_36","name":"c274","type":"IMG","href":null,"layout":"INSET_CENTER","metadata":{"__ref":"ImageMetadata:1*E7mFiaVKpnQt04mHEuWZYg.jpeg"},"text":"Futura Apartments on the cover of a trade journal. Image reproduced from Building Materials & Equipment Southeast Asia, Anniversary Issue, (Singapore, Trend Publishing, March\u002FApril 1975). Photo by Alina Soh.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[{"__typename":"Markup","type":"A","start":73,"end":137,"href":"https:\u002F\u002Feservice.nlb.gov.sg\u002Fredir\u002Fitemdetails?bid=4195582","anchorType":"LINK","userId":null,"linkMetadata":null},{"__typename":"Markup","type":"STRONG","start":187,"end":188,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null},{"__typename":"Markup","type":"EM","start":51,"end":73,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null},{"__typename":"Markup","type":"EM","start":137,"end":187,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null},{"__typename":"Markup","type":"EM","start":188,"end":207,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null}],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:5d8a058e2f4b_37":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"5d8a058e2f4b_37","name":"cb10","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"The architect of Futura Apartments, Timothy Seow, coined the term “bungalows in the air” as a new proposal for high-rise living in the 1970s.⁴ Futura’s apartments mimicked the space and privacy of landed housing through cantilevered living rooms with panoramic view of the city, lifts that opened directly into individual units, and no shared party walls. Its space-age design gave the apartments a luxurious, futuristic feel, as did the introduction of then-unfamiliar amenities like sauna baths.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:5d8a058e2f4b_38":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"5d8a058e2f4b_38","name":"dbbf","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"However, it was not a straightforward construction project. As I read about concrete being poured into new wooden formwork moulds to achieve the required curved walls, I wondered what the project managers would have experienced. When I learned about the float glass used for the windows of the living rooms that was “distortion free and cuts out 37 per cent solar heat,” I wondered what the sourcing would have been like.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:5d8a058e2f4b_39":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"5d8a058e2f4b_39","name":"4d99","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"Over Chinese New Year in 2024, my extended family shared photos of Gong Gong’s work with me. It was interesting to learn about the built industry from other angles. I was reminded that a building is more than an architect’s vision, and there are micro-histories that lie with the subcontractors, builders, plasterers, carpenters, plumbers and so on, just waiting to be told.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"ImageMetadata:1*sgq4kh9lwFF6U5bk1BxKfA.jpeg":{"__typename":"ImageMetadata","id":"1*sgq4kh9lwFF6U5bk1BxKfA.jpeg","originalHeight":1268,"originalWidth":842,"focusPercentX":null,"focusPercentY":null,"alt":null},"Paragraph:5d8a058e2f4b_40":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"5d8a058e2f4b_40","name":"38a8","type":"IMG","href":null,"layout":"INSET_CENTER","metadata":{"__ref":"ImageMetadata:1*sgq4kh9lwFF6U5bk1BxKfA.jpeg"},"text":"Futura Project Documentation by Chye Guan Main Building Contractor. Courtesy of Yeo family.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[{"__typename":"Markup","type":"EM","start":68,"end":91,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null}],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:5d8a058e2f4b_41":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"5d8a058e2f4b_41","name":"ae5c","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"Hannah Yeo is a Librarian with the National Library of Singapore and curated “Dare to Design: Singapore Architecture 1960s–2000s”.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[{"__typename":"Markup","type":"EM","start":11,"end":122,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null},{"__typename":"Markup","type":"EM","start":123,"end":130,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null}],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:5d8a058e2f4b_42":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"5d8a058e2f4b_42","name":"874f","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"Dare to Design highlights a selection of significant buildings that pushed the envelope of architecture in Singapore, including:","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[{"__typename":"Markup","type":"EM","start":0,"end":14,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null}],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:5d8a058e2f4b_43":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"5d8a058e2f4b_43","name":"1a16","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"The National 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