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Available in 41 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-41" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">dagiti 41 a pagsasao</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprachtod" title="Sprachtod – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Sprachtod" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AA_%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9" title="موت لغة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="موت لغة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81" title="ভাষার মৃত্যু – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভাষার মৃত্যু" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagkagadan_kan_tataramon" title="Pagkagadan kan tataramon – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Pagkagadan kan tataramon" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8A%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8A%D0%B2_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Мъртъв език – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мъртъв език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprogd%C3%B8d" title="Sprogdød – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Sprogdød" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprachtod" title="Sprachtod – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sprachtod" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_death" title="Language death – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Language death" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extinci%C3%B3n_ling%C3%BC%C3%ADstica" title="Extinción lingüística – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Extinción lingüística" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingvomorto" title="Lingvomorto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Lingvomorto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%DA%AF_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C)" title="مرگ زبان (زبان‌شناسی) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مرگ زبان (زبان‌شناسی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mort_d%27une_langue" title="Mort d'une langue – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mort d'une langue" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A1s_teanga" title="Bás teanga – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Bás teanga" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%96%B8%EC%96%B4_%EC%82%AC%EB%A9%B8" title="언어 사멸 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="언어 사멸" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%A5%D5%A6%D5%BE%D5%AB_%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B0" title="Լեզվի մահ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լեզվի մահ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="भाषावसान – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="भाषावसान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kematian_bahasa" title="Kematian bahasa – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kematian bahasa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B_%D1%85%D1%8A%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%8A%D1%85%D1%8A%C3%A6%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%BA%D1%8A%C3%A6%D0%BF%D1%85%C3%A6%D0%BD%D1%82%C3%A6" title="Æвзаджы хъахъхъæды къæпхæнтæ – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Æвзаджы хъахъхъæды къæпхæнтæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estinzione_linguistica" title="Estinzione linguistica – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Estinzione linguistica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%97%D7%93%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%94" title="היכחדות שפה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="היכחדות שפה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exstinctio_linguarum" title="Exstinctio linguarum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Exstinctio linguarum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%86_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82" title="ഭാഷയുടെ മരണം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഭാഷയുടെ മരണം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepupusan_bahasa" title="Kepupusan bahasa – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kepupusan bahasa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D2%AF%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Хэлний үхэл – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хэлний үхэл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taaldood" title="Taaldood – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Taaldood" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taalstarfte" title="Taalstarfte – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Taalstarfte" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A8%80%E8%AA%9E%E6%B6%88%E6%BB%85" title="言語消滅 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="言語消滅" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spr%C3%A5kd%C3%B8d" title="Språkdød – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Språkdød" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spr%C3%A5kd%C3%B8d" title="Språkdød – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Språkdød" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D8%A8%DB%90_%D9%85%DA%93%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%87" title="ژبې مړينه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ژبې مړينه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morte_de_uma_l%C3%ADngua" title="Morte de uma língua – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Morte de uma língua" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_death" title="Language death – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Language death" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BB%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AC%D9%88_%D9%85%D8%B1%DA%BB" title="ٻولين جو مرڻ – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ٻولين جو مرڻ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smrt_jezika" title="Smrt jezika – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Smrt jezika" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izumiranje_jezika" title="Izumiranje jezika – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Izumiranje jezika" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81" title="மொழியின் இறப்பு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மொழியின் இறப்பு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dil_%C3%B6l%C3%BCm%C3%BC" title="Dil ölümü – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Dil ölümü" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Смерть мови – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Смерть мови" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%DA%AF_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="مرگ زبان – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مرگ زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E6%BB%85%E4%BA%A1" title="語言滅亡 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="語言滅亡" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E6%BB%85%E4%BA%A1" title="語言滅亡 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="語言滅亡" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q253756#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Urnosen dagiti silpo ti pagsasao" class="wbc-editpage">Urnosen dagiti silpo</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Dagiti nagan ti espasio"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ilo" dir="ltr"><p>Iti <a href="/wiki/Lingguistika" title="Lingguistika">lingguistika</a>, ti <b>ipupusay ti pagsasao</b> ket ti proseso a mangibanag kadagiti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Komunidad_ti_bitla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Komunidad ti bitla (awan ti panid)">komunidad ti bitla</a> iti agpang iti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalaing_iti_lingguistika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalaing iti lingguistika (awan ti panid)">kalaing iti lingguistika</a> a tagikua dagiti agsasao iti naited a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karuay_(lingguistika)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karuay (lingguistika) (awan ti panid)">karuay ti pagsasao</a> ket mapabassit, ken kanungpalan a pagresultaan iti kaawan iti <a href="/wiki/Nakayanakan_a_pagsasao" title="Nakayanakan a pagsasao">patneng</a> wenno dagiti nalaing a mangisao iti karuay. Ti ipupusay ti pagsasao ket mabalin a mangibanag iti aniaman a pagsasao, ken mairaman pay dagiti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dialekto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dialekto (awan ti panid)">dialekto</a> ken dagiti <a href="/wiki/Pagsasao" title="Pagsasao">pagsasao</a>. </p><p>Ti ipupusay ti pagsasao ket nasken a saan a maiyallilaw iti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pannakapukaw_ti_pagsasao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pannakapukaw ti pagsasao (awan ti panid)">pannakapukaw ti pagsasao</a>, a mangipalawag met ti pannakapukaw iti kinalaing iti maysa a pagsasao iti agpang iti maysa a taow.<sup id="cite_ref-Crystal,_David_2000_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crystal,_David_2000-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dagiti_nagibasaran">Dagiti nagibasaran</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ipupusay_ti_pagsasao&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Urnosen ti seksion: Dagiti nagibasaran" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>urnosen</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ipupusay_ti_pagsasao&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Dagiti nagibasaran"><span>urnosen ti taudan</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r374282">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Crystal,_David_2000-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Crystal,_David_2000_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Crystal, David (2000) <i>Language Death</i>. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r374221">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Papeles:Noun_project_1822.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Simbolo ti pungol" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Noun_project_1822.svg/37px-Noun_project_1822.svg.png" decoding="async" width="37" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Noun_project_1822.svg/55px-Noun_project_1822.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Noun_project_1822.svg/74px-Noun_project_1822.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="38" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td><p class="asbox-body">Daytoy nga artikulo a mainaig iti pagsasao ket <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pungol" title="Wikipedia:Pungol">pungol</a>. 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