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country</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Tier 2 country"> <meta name="keywords" content="Tier 2 country"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Tier 2 country"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 3988</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Tier 2 country</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3718</span> Defense Strategy: Perang Semesta Strategy as a Reliable National Security System of Indonesia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erdianta%20S">Erdianta S</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chastiti%20M.%20Wulolo"> Chastiti M. Wulolo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IDK%20Kerta%20Widana"> IDK Kerta Widana</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Perang Semesta strategy is a national security system used by Republic of Indonesia. It comes from local wisdom, cultural, and hereditary of Indonesia itself. This system involves all people and all nation resources, and it is early prepared by government and conducted totality, integratedly, directly, and continously to enforce a sovereignty of country, teritorial integrity and the safety of the whole nation from threats. This study uses a qualitative content analysis method by studying, recording, and analyzing government policy. The Perang Semesta strategy divided into main, backup, and supporting components. Every component has its function and responsibility in security perspective. So when an attack comes, all people of Indonesia will voluntary to defend the country. Perang Semesta strategy is a national security system which becomes the most reliable strategy toward geography and demography of Indonesia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Perang%20Semesta%20strategy" title=" Perang Semesta strategy"> Perang Semesta strategy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=national%20security" title=" national security"> national security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20wisdom" title=" local wisdom"> local wisdom</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80513/defense-strategy-perang-semesta-strategy-as-a-reliable-national-security-system-of-indonesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80513.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">454</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3717</span> Effective Microorganisms as a Sustainable Environment Product and Their Application: A Study in Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaffar%20Hussain">Jaffar Hussain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farman%20Ali%20Shah"> Farman Ali Shah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As we know that Pakistan is the developing country so it adopts new technologies for progress. In last three decays, some new technologies were introduced in the world in which Effective Microorganism was one of them. Microorganisms are one of the most power full living forces on earth. Originally, EM was developed as an odor control, farm, and animal health, human health many industrial treatments. Effective Microorganism is an organic fertilizer that contains a mixture of co-existing valuable microorganism composed from the environment. There are vast application of the EM in the world in which the researchers are explained in literature .In Pakistan work on EM technologies are under process, researcher are doing work to make them most valuable. At that time the application of EM are in agriculture, water treatment, to increase Cement strength, improving saline soil etc. Effective microorganisms are environmentally friendly , not-naturally organized, not chemically synthesized, not dangerous and not pathogenic. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=developing%20country" title="developing country">developing country</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technologies" title=" technologies"> technologies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effective%20microorganism" title=" effective microorganism"> effective microorganism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=researchers" title=" researchers"> researchers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pakistan" title=" Pakistan"> Pakistan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agriculture" title=" agriculture"> agriculture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22671/effective-microorganisms-as-a-sustainable-environment-product-and-their-application-a-study-in-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22671.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">484</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3716</span> Foreign Policy and National Security Dilemma: Examining Nigerian Experience</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shuaibu%20Umar%20Abdul">Shuaibu Umar Abdul</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The essence of any state as well as government is to ensure and advance the security of lives and property of its citizens. As a result, providing security in all spheres ranging from safeguarding the territorial integrity, security of lives and property of the citizens as well as economic emancipation have constitute the core objectives cum national interest of virtually all country’s foreign policy in the world. In view of this imperative above, Nigeria has enshrined in the early part of her 1999 constitution as amended, as its duty and responsibility as a state, to ensure security of lives and property of its citizens. Yet, it does not make any significant shift as it relates to the country’s fundamental security needs as exemplified by the current enormous security challenges that reduced the country’s fortune to the background in all ramifications. The study chooses realist paradigm as theoretical underpinning which emphasizes that exigency of the moment should always take priority in the pursuit of foreign policy. The study is historical, descriptive and narrative in method and character. Data for the study was sourced from secondary sources and analysed via content analysis. The study found out that it is lack of political will on the side of the government to guarantee a just and egalitarian society that will be of benefit to all citizens. This could be more appreciated when looking at the gaps between the theory in Nigerian foreign policy and the practice as exemplified by the action or inaction of the government to ensure security in the state. On this account, the study recommends that until the leaderships in Nigerian foreign policy recognized the need for political will and respect for constitutionalism to ensure security of its citizens and territory, otherwise achieving great Nigeria will remain an illusion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foreign%20policy" title="foreign policy">foreign policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nation" title=" nation"> nation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=national%20security" title=" national security"> national security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigeria" title=" Nigeria"> Nigeria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security" title=" security"> security</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23474/foreign-policy-and-national-security-dilemma-examining-nigerian-experience" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23474.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">514</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3715</span> Key Factors Influencing the Purchasing Decisions of Low Emission Cars: A Comparative Study between Egypt and Slovenia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Alaa">O. Alaa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Ahmed"> D. Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Baher"> R. Baher</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Matjaz"> K. Matjaz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper provides a study of the factors influencing the purchasing of low emission vehicles. In order to achieve the objectives of the paper, and in the light of the pool of literature and availability of data, the authors relied on qualitative methods to offers a comparison between Egypt as a developing country and Slovenia as a developed country, through analysing a survey that involves an Egyptian sample and Slovenian samples, it also studies the effect of different push and pull methods on different buyers in order to help the governments as well as the manufacturers to understand the most significant factors that affect the purchasing behaviour of LEV in the future. The results of this paper show the important vehicle performance factors, financial considerations, and environmental considerations along with the gender and age of the consumer show that consumers are more interested in the total price of the car than in different taxes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20emission%20vehicles" title="low emission vehicles">low emission vehicles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=purchasing%20behavior" title=" purchasing behavior"> purchasing behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=developed%20countries" title=" developed countries"> developed countries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=developing%20countries" title=" developing countries"> developing countries</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129054/key-factors-influencing-the-purchasing-decisions-of-low-emission-cars-a-comparative-study-between-egypt-and-slovenia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129054.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">135</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3714</span> Modeling the Compound Interest Dynamics Using Fractional Differential Equations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muath%20Awadalla">Muath Awadalla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maen%20Awadallah"> Maen Awadallah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Banking sector covers different activities including lending money to customers. However, it is commonly known that customers pay money they have borrowed including an added amount called interest. Compound interest rate is an approach used in determining the interest to be paid. The instant compounded amount to be paid by a debtor is obtained through a differential equation whose main parameters are the rate and the time. The rate used by banks in a country is often defined by the government of the said country. In Switzerland, for instance, a negative rate was once applied. In this work, a new approach of modeling the compound interest is proposed using Hadamard fractional derivative. As a result, it appears that depending on the fraction value used in derivative the amount to be paid by a debtor might either be higher or lesser than the amount determined using the classical approach. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compound%20interest" title="compound interest">compound interest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fractional%20differential%20equation" title=" fractional differential equation"> fractional differential equation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hadamard%20fractional%20derivative" title=" hadamard fractional derivative"> hadamard fractional derivative</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110859/modeling-the-compound-interest-dynamics-using-fractional-differential-equations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110859.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">126</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3713</span> Enhanced Automated Teller Machine Using Short Message Service Authentication Verification</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rasheed%20Gbenga%20Jimoh">Rasheed Gbenga Jimoh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akinbowale%20Nathaniel%20Babatunde"> Akinbowale Nathaniel Babatunde</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The use of Automated Teller Machine (ATM) has become an important tool among commercial banks, customers of banks have come to depend on and trust the ATM conveniently meet their banking needs. Although the overwhelming advantages of ATM cannot be over-emphasized, its alarming fraud rate has become a bottleneck in it’s full adoption in Nigeria. This study examined the menace of ATM in the society another cost of running ATM services by banks in the country. The researcher developed a prototype of an enhanced Automated Teller Machine Authentication using Short Message Service (SMS) Verification. The developed prototype was tested by Ten (10) respondents who are users of ATM cards in the country and the data collected was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). Based on the results of the analysis, it is being envisaged that the developed prototype will go a long way in reducing the alarming rate of ATM fraud in Nigeria. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ATM" title="ATM">ATM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ATM%20fraud" title=" ATM fraud"> ATM fraud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-banking" title=" e-banking"> e-banking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prototyping" title=" prototyping"> prototyping</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2158/enhanced-automated-teller-machine-using-short-message-service-authentication-verification" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2158.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">322</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3712</span> An Integration of Genetic Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization to Forecast Transport Energy Demand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20R.%20Badurally%20Adam">N. R. Badurally Adam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20R.%20Monebhurrun"> S. R. Monebhurrun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Z.%20Dauhoo"> M. Z. Dauhoo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Khoodaruth"> A. Khoodaruth</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Transport energy demand is vital for the economic growth of any country. Globalisation and better standard of living plays an important role in transport energy demand. Recently, transport energy demand in Mauritius has increased significantly, thus leading to an abuse of natural resources and thereby contributing to global warming. Forecasting the transport energy demand is therefore important for controlling and managing the demand. In this paper, we develop a model to predict the transport energy demand. The model developed is based on a system of five stochastic differential equations (SDEs) consisting of five endogenous variables: fuel price, population, gross domestic product (GDP), number of vehicles and transport energy demand and three exogenous parameters: crude birth rate, crude death rate and labour force. An interval of seven years is used to avoid any falsification of result since Mauritius is a developing country. Data available for Mauritius from year 2003 up to 2009 are used to obtain the values of design variables by applying genetic algorithm. The model is verified and validated for 2010 to 2012 by substituting the values of coefficients obtained by GA in the model and using particle swarm optimisation (PSO) to predict the values of the exogenous parameters. This model will help to control the transport energy demand in Mauritius which will in turn foster Mauritius towards a pollution-free country and decrease our dependence on fossil fuels. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetic%20algorithm" title="genetic algorithm">genetic algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modeling" title=" modeling"> modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20swarm%20optimization" title=" particle swarm optimization"> particle swarm optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stochastic%20differential%20equations" title=" stochastic differential equations"> stochastic differential equations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transport%20energy%20demand" title="transport energy demand">transport energy demand</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41078/an-integration-of-genetic-algorithm-and-particle-swarm-optimization-to-forecast-transport-energy-demand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41078.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">369</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3711</span> Public Financial Management in Ghana: A Move beyond Reforms to Consolidation and Sustainability</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Sani%20Abdulai">Mohammed Sani Abdulai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ghana’s Public Financial Management reforms have been going on for some two decades now (1997/98 to 2017/18). Given this long period of reforms, Ghana in 2019 is putting together both a Public Financial Management (PFM) strategy and a Ghana Integrated Financial Management Information System (GIFMIS) strategy for the next 5-years (2020-2024). The primary aim of these dual strategies is assisting the country in moving beyond reforms to consolidation and sustainability. In this paper we, first, examined the evolution of Ghana’s PFM reforms. We, secondly, reviewed the legal and institutional reforms undertaken to strengthen the country’s key PFM institutions. Thirdly, we summarized the strengths and weaknesses identified by the 2018 Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability (PEFA) assessment of Ghana’s PFM system relating to its macro-fiscal framework, budget preparation and approval, budget execution, accounting and fiscal reporting as well as external scrutiny and audit. We, finally, considered what the country should be doing to achieve its intended goal of PFM consolidation and sustainability. Using a qualitative method of review and analysis of existing documents, we, through this paper, brought to the fore the lessons that could be learnt by other developing countries from Ghana’s PFM reforms experiences. These lessons included the need to: (a) undergird any PFM reform with a comprehensive PFM reform strategy; (b) undertake a legal and institutional reforms of the key PFM institutions; (c) assess the strengths and weaknesses of those reforms using PFM performance evaluation tools such as PEFA framework; and (d) move beyond reforms to consolidation and sustainability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20financial%20management" title="public financial management">public financial management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20expenditure%20and%20financial%20accountability" title=" public expenditure and financial accountability"> public expenditure and financial accountability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reforms" title=" reforms"> reforms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consolidation" title=" consolidation"> consolidation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120006/public-financial-management-in-ghana-a-move-beyond-reforms-to-consolidation-and-sustainability" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120006.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">233</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3710</span> Integrated Imaging Management System: An Approach in the Collaborative Coastal Resource Management of Bagac, Bataan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aljon%20Pangan">Aljon Pangan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Philippines being an archipelagic country, is surrounded by coastlines (36,289 km), coastal waters (226,000 km²), oceanic waters (1.93 million km²) and territorial waters (2.2 million km²). Studies show that the Philippine coastal ecosystems are the most productive and biologically diverse in the world, however, plagued by degradation problems due to over-exploitation and illegal activities. The existence of coastal degradation issues in the country led to the emergence of Coastal Resource Management (CRM) as an approach to both national and local government in providing solutions for sustainable coastal resource utilization. CRM applies the idea of planning, implementing and monitoring through the lens of collaborative governance. It utilizes collective action and decision-making to achieve sustainable use of coastal resources. The Municipality of Bagac in Bataan is one of the coastal municipalities in the country who crafts its own CRM Program as a solution to coastal resource degradation and problems. Information and Communications Technology (ICT), particularly Integrated Imaging Management System (IIMS) is one approach that can be applied in the formula of collaborative governance which entails the Government, Private Sector, and Civil Society. IIMS can help policymakers, managers, and citizens in managing coastal resources through analyzed spatial data describing the physical, biological, and socioeconomic characteristics of the coastal areas. Moreover, this study will apply the qualitative approach in deciphering possible impacts of the application of IIMS in the Coastal Resource Management policy making and implementation of the Municipality of Bagac. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coastal%20resource%20management" title="coastal resource management">coastal resource management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collaborative%20governance" title=" collaborative governance"> collaborative governance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integrated%20imaging%20management%20system" title=" integrated imaging management system"> integrated imaging management system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20and%20communication%20technology" title=" information and communication technology"> information and communication technology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63202/integrated-imaging-management-system-an-approach-in-the-collaborative-coastal-resource-management-of-bagac-bataan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63202.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">396</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3709</span> Developing a Framework to Aid Sustainable Assessment in Indian Buildings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Amarnath">P. Amarnath</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Albert%20Thomas"> Albert Thomas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Buildings qualify to be the major consumer of energy and resources thereby urging the designers, architects and policy makers to place a great deal of effort in achieving and implementing sustainable building strategies in construction. Green building rating systems help a great deal in this by measuring the effectiveness of these strategies along with the escalation of building performance in social, environmental and economic perspective, and construct new sustainable buildings. However, for a country like India, enormous population and its rapid rate of growth impose an increasing burden on the country's limited and continuously degrading natural resource base, which also includes the land available for construction. In general, the number of sustainable rated buildings in India is very minimal primarily due to the complexity and obstinate nature of the assessment systems/regulations that restrict the stakeholders and designers in proper implementation and utilization of these rating systems. This paper aims to introduce a data driven and user-friendly framework which cross compares the present prominent green building rating systems such as LEED, BREEAM, and GRIHA and subsequently help the users to rate their proposed building design as per the regulations of these assessment frameworks. This framework is validated using the input data collected from green buildings constructed globally. The proposed system has prospects to encourage the users to test the efficiency of various sustainable construction practices and thereby promote more sustainable buildings in the country. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BREEAM" title="BREEAM">BREEAM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GRIHA" title=" GRIHA"> GRIHA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20building%20rating%20systems" title=" green building rating systems"> green building rating systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LEED" title=" LEED"> LEED</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20buildings" title=" sustainable buildings"> sustainable buildings</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102235/developing-a-framework-to-aid-sustainable-assessment-in-indian-buildings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102235.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">138</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3708</span> Innovation Trends in South Korea</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mario%20G%C3%B3mez">Mario Gómez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jos%C3%A9%20Carlos%20Rodr%C3%ADguez"> José Carlos Rodríguez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper analyzes innovation trends in South Korea by means of the number of patent applications filed by residents and nonresidents during the period 1965 to 2012. Making use of patent data released by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), we search for the presence of multiple structural changes in patent application series in this country. These changes may suggest that firms’ innovative activity has been modified as a result of implementing some science, technology and innovation (STI) policies. Accordingly, the new regulations implemented in this country in the last decades have influenced its innovative activity. The question conducting this research is thus how STI policies in South Korea have influenced its innovation activity. The results confirm the existence of multiple structural changes in the series of patent applications resulting from alternative STI policies implemented during these years. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=econometric%20methods" title="econometric methods">econometric methods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=innovation%20activity" title=" innovation activity"> innovation activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Korea" title=" Korea"> Korea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=patent%20applications" title=" patent applications"> patent applications</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=science" title=" science"> science</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technology%20and%20innovation%20policy" title=" technology and innovation policy"> technology and innovation policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=STI" title=" STI"> STI</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13264/innovation-trends-in-south-korea" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13264.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">312</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3707</span> Assessment on the Pivotal Role of the Philippine Entrepreneurship Education in the Development of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Melchor%20C.%20Morandarte">Melchor C. Morandarte</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Entrepreneurship education if well-designed, supported, and true to its sense in its implementation, can play a pivotal role in the development of Micro, small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) of the country. As its foundation, there is no amount of economic shocks that can prevent the country’s economic development and sustainability. Likewise, if properly developed, entrepreneurship education is the only kind of academic activity that rains employment opportunities propel and sustain economic growth. The study will try to find the contributions of the entrepreneurship education in the Philippines. Provide possible solutions that will solve academic heads and educators of entrepreneurship dilemma in making graduates of the program to engage or pursue a business after their graduation. Transforming BS in Entrepreneurship graduates from employment to an entrepreneurial minded individuals to establish and manage their owned businesses (as designed) whether micro, small or medium enterprises justifies the purpose within which it was created. Formally started in academic year 2006-2007, the program suffers in a very low enrollment in the first three academic years when it was first offered in the different HEIs all over the country. It started to experience only some increase in enrollment as a result of the moratorium in the Bachelor of Science in Business Administration (BSBA) in academic year 2011-2012 till today. The number of enrollees resulted in a substantial number of graduates. Considering the number of Bachelor of Science in Entrepreneurship graduates as of today, there would have been an additional number of business establishments from since the program started to be offered in the different HEIs throughout the country. In conclusion, coming up with a well-designed curriculum, relevant curricular, co-curricular and extra-curricular activities couple with much needed support from concerned government agencies, the institutions, other government and non-governmental institutions, private organizations, entrepreneurship practitioners can make the difference in terms of the mindset of the students of entrepreneurship. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20shocks" title="economic shocks">economic shocks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=educators%20dilemma" title=" educators dilemma"> educators dilemma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rains%20employment%20opportunities" title=" rains employment opportunities"> rains employment opportunities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=co-curricular" title=" co-curricular"> co-curricular</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27741/assessment-on-the-pivotal-role-of-the-philippine-entrepreneurship-education-in-the-development-of-micro-small-and-medium-enterprises-msmes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27741.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">422</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3706</span> Nation Branding: Guidelines for Identity Development and Image Perception of Thailand Brand in Health and Wellness Tourism</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiraporn%20Prommaha">Jiraporn Prommaha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this research is to study the development of Thailand Brand Identity and the perception of its image in order to find any guidelines for the identity development and the image perception of Thailand Brand in Health and Wellness Tourism. The paper is conducted through mixed methods research, both the qualitative and quantitative researches. The qualitative focuses on the in-depth interview of executive administrations from public and private sectors involved scholars and experts in identity and image issue, main 11 people. The quantitative research was done by the questionnaires to collect data from foreign tourists 800; Chinese tourists 400 and UK tourists 400. The technique used for this was the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), this was to determine the relation between the structures of the variables by categorizing the variables into group by applying the Varimax rotation technique. This technique showed recognition the Thailand brand image related to the 2 countries, China and UK. The results found that guidelines for brand identity development and image perception of health and wellness tourism in Thailand; as following (1) Develop communication in order to understanding of the meaning of the word 'Health and beauty tourism' throughout the country, (2) Develop human resources as a national agenda, (3) Develop awareness rising in the conservation and preservation of natural resources of the country, (4) Develop the cooperation of all stakeholders in Health and Wellness Businesses, (5) Develop digital communication throughout the country and (6) Develop safety in Tourism. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brand%20identity" title="brand identity">brand identity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20perception" title=" image perception"> image perception</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nation%20branding" title=" nation branding"> nation branding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20and%20wellness%20tourism" title=" health and wellness tourism"> health and wellness tourism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixed%20methods%20research" title=" mixed methods research"> mixed methods research</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79575/nation-branding-guidelines-for-identity-development-and-image-perception-of-thailand-brand-in-health-and-wellness-tourism" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79575.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">200</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3705</span> Difficulties Arising from Cultural and Social Differences Between Languages and Its Impact on Translation and on Translator’s Performance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Belalia%20Douma%20Mohammed">Belalia Douma Mohammed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The translator must have a wide knowledge of all fields, especially cultural and literary, so that he can enjoy smoothly translating scientific, literary, political, or any oral or written translation without distorting the meaning. so to be a transfer of the entire content, a correct and identical translation that expresses the culture and literature of the mother country. But this has always been an obstacle for any translator, as, for example, a person who translates from Spanish to another language may face the problem of different in speech speed, a difference that appears clearly considering the pronunciation of the Spanish language is more rapid than other languages, and this certrainly will effect the translator’s performance, as also the word “ snowed my heart” in the Arabic language is common and known to the Arabs as it means to make me happy and delight me, but translating it without transferring its culture, for example, to a country like Russia, may mean the cold that causes freezing of the heart, so in this research paper, we aim to research such difficulties and its impacts on translation and interpretation and on translator's performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interpretation" title="interpretation">interpretation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=translation" title=" translation"> translation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance" title=" performance"> performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=difficulties" title=" difficulties"> difficulties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=differences" title=" differences"> differences</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157988/difficulties-arising-from-cultural-and-social-differences-between-languages-and-its-impact-on-translation-and-on-translators-performance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157988.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">100</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3704</span> Comparative Study of Globalization and Homogenous Society: South Korea and Greek Society Reaction to Foreign Culture</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Putri%20Mentari%20Racharjo">Putri Mentari Racharjo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The development of current technology is simplifying globalization process. An easier globalization process and mobilization are increasing interactions among individuals and societies in different countries. It is also easier for foreign culture to enter a country and create changes to the society. Differences brought by foreign culture will most likely affect any society. It will be easier for heterogeneous society to accept new culture, considering that they have various cultures, and they are used to differences. So it will be easier for a heterogeneous society to accept new culture as long as the culture is not contrary to their essential values. However for a homogenous society, where they have only one language and culture, it will take a longer adjustment time to fully accept the new culture. There will be a tendency for homogenous societies to react in a more negative way to new culture. Greece and South Korea are the examples for homogeneous societies. Greece, a destination country for immigrants, is having a hard time adjusting themselves to accept many immigrants with many cultures. There are various discrimination cases of immigrants in Greece, when the Greek society cannot fully accept the new culture brought by immigrants. South Korea, a newly popular country with K-pop and K-dramas, is attracting people from all over the world to come to South Korea. However a homogenous South Korean society is also having a hard time to fully accept foreign cultures, resulting in many discrimination cases based on race and culture in South Korea. With a qualitative method through a case study and literature review, this article will discuss about Greek and South Korean societies reaction to new cultures as an effect of globalization. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foreign%20culture" title="foreign culture">foreign culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=globalization" title=" globalization"> globalization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=greece" title=" greece"> greece</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=homogenous%20society" title=" homogenous society"> homogenous society</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=South%20Korea" title=" South Korea"> South Korea</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71378/comparative-study-of-globalization-and-homogenous-society-south-korea-and-greek-society-reaction-to-foreign-culture" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71378.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">334</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3703</span> Walking across the Government of Egypt: A Single Country Comparative Study of the Past and Current Condition of the Government of Egypt</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Homyr%20L.%20Garcia">Homyr L. Garcia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jr."> Jr.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anne%20Margaret%20A.%20Rendon"> Anne Margaret A. Rendon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carla%20Michaela%20B.%20Taguinod"> Carla Michaela B. Taguinod</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nothing is constant in this world but change. This is the reality wherein a lot of people fail to recognize and maybe, it is because of the fact that some see things that are happening with little value or no value at all until it’s gone. For the past years, Egypt was known for its stable government. It was able to withstand a lot of problems and crisis which challenged their country in ways which can never be imagined. In the present time, it seems like in just a snap of a finger, the said stability vanished and it was immediately replaced by a crisis which resulted to a failure in some parts of their government. In addition, this problem continued to worsen and the current situation of Egypt is just a reflection or a result of it. On the other hand, as the researchers continued to study the reasons why the government of Egypt is unstable, they concluded that there might be a possibility that they will be able to produce ways in which their country could be helped or improved. The instability of the government of Egypt is the product of combining all the problems which affects the lives of the people. Some of the reasons that the researchers found are the following: 1) unending doubts of the people regarding the ruling capacity of elected presidents, 2) removal of President Mohamed Morsi in position, 3) economic crisis, 4) a lot of protests and revolution happened, 5) resignation of the long term President Hosni Mubarak and 6) the office of the President is most likely available only to the chosen successor. Also, according to previous researches, there are two plausible scenarios for the instability of Egypt: 1) a military intervention specifically the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces or SCAF, resulting from a contested succession and 2) an Islamist push for political power which highlights the claim that religion is a hindrance towards the development of their country and government. From the eight possible reasons, the researchers decided that they will be focusing on economic crisis since the instability is more clearly seen in the country’s economy which directly affects the people and the government itself. In addition, they made a hypothesis which states that stable economy is a prerequisite towards a stable government. If they will be able to show how this claim is true by using the Social Autopsy Research Design for the qualitative method and Pearson’s correlation coefficient for the quantitative method, the researchers might be able to produce a proposal on how Egypt can stabilize their government and avoid such problems. Also, the hypothesis will be based from the Rational Action Theory which is a theory for understanding and modeling social and economy as well as individual behavior. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pearson%E2%80%99s%20correlation%20coefficient" title="Pearson’s correlation coefficient">Pearson’s correlation coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rational%20action%20theory" title=" rational action theory"> rational action theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20autopsy%20research%20design" title=" social autopsy research design"> social autopsy research design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supreme%20council%20of%20the%20armed%20forces%20%28SCAF%29" title=" supreme council of the armed forces (SCAF)"> supreme council of the armed forces (SCAF)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37884/walking-across-the-government-of-egypt-a-single-country-comparative-study-of-the-past-and-current-condition-of-the-government-of-egypt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37884.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">409</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3702</span> Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Malaysian Multi-Ethnic Discrimination Scale</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chua%20Bee%20Seok">Chua Bee Seok</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shamsul%20Amri%20Baharuddin"> Shamsul Amri Baharuddin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ferlis%20Bahari"> Ferlis Bahari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jasmine%20Adela%20Mutang"> Jasmine Adela Mutang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lailawati%20Madlan"> Lailawati Madlan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rosnah%20Ismail"> Rosnah Ismail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asong%20Joseph"> Asong Joseph</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Malaysia is a country famously known for its multiple unique cultural and ethnic diversities. Despite the diversity of culture, customs and beliefs, respectively, Malaysia still be able to stand as a harmonious country. However, if there is an attitude of stereotypes, prejudice and discrimination among ethnic, it may seriously affect the solidarity between people in Malaysia. Thus, this study focuses on constructing a scale measuring the Malaysian experience, strategy and effect of ethnic discrimination. To develop a quantitative measure on ethnic discrimination directed against Malaysian, a three-step process is proposed: Exploratory factor analysis, validity analysis, and internal consistency reliability analysis. Results, limitations, and implications of the study are discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=test%20development" title="test development">test development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malaysian%20multi-ethnic%20discrimination%20scale" title=" Malaysian multi-ethnic discrimination scale"> Malaysian multi-ethnic discrimination scale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exploratory%20factor%20analysis" title=" exploratory factor analysis"> exploratory factor analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=validity" title=" validity"> validity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-ethnic" title=" multi-ethnic"> multi-ethnic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reliability" title=" reliability"> reliability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychometrics" title=" psychometrics"> psychometrics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15972/development-and-psychometric-evaluation-of-the-malaysian-multi-ethnic-discrimination-scale" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15972.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">742</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3701</span> Effect of Political and Social Context in Libya on Accounting Information System to Meet Development Needs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bubaker%20F.%20Shareia">Bubaker F. Shareia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Almuetaz%20R.%20Boubakr"> Almuetaz R. Boubakr</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this paper is to show how Libya’s legal, economic, political, social, and cultural systems have shaped Libyan development. This will provide a background to develop an understanding of the current role of the accounting information system in Libya and the challenges facing the design of the aeronautical information system to meet the development needs of Libya. Our knowledge of the unified economic operating systems of the world paves the way for the economic development of every developing country. In order to achieve this understanding, every developing country should be provided with a high-efficiency communications system in order to be able to interact globally. From the point of view of the theory of globalization, Libya's understanding of its socio-economic and political systems is vital in order to be able to adopt and apply accounting techniques that will assist in the economic development of Libya. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accounting" title="accounting">accounting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20development" title=" economic development"> economic development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=globalisation%20theory" title=" globalisation theory"> globalisation theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20system" title=" information system"> information system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71921/effect-of-political-and-social-context-in-libya-on-accounting-information-system-to-meet-development-needs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71921.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">272</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3700</span> Habitual Residence and the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of Child Abduction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Molshree%20A.%20Sharma">Molshree A. Sharma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As a result of globalization, it is increasingly common for people to live in different parts of the world. However there is a corresponding rise of international family law issues and competing jurisdictions. The Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of Child Abduction is a multilateral treaty that provides an expeditious method to return a child to their country of habitual residence when ‘internationally abducted’ by a parent from one member country to another. Specifically, the Convention provides a protocol for expeditious return of the child to their habitual residence unless there is a valid exception, the most common being that return would result in an intolerable situation or cause grave risk of harm to the child. This paper analyzes case law from various signatory countries including the United States, highlighting the differences in interpretation of key terms under the Convention, as well as case law in non-Hague signatory countries, with a focus on India and the Middle East. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=best%20interest%20of%20the%20child" title="best interest of the child">best interest of the child</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grave%20risk%20of%20harm" title=" grave risk of harm"> grave risk of harm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=habitual%20residence" title=" habitual residence"> habitual residence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=well-settled" title=" well-settled"> well-settled</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84792/habitual-residence-and-the-hague-convention-on-the-civil-aspects-of-child-abduction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84792.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">210</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3699</span> Transition Dynamic Analysis of the Urban Disparity in Iran “Case Study: Iran Provinces Center”</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marzieh%20Ahmadi">Marzieh Ahmadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ruhullah%20%20Alikhan%20Gorgani"> Ruhullah Alikhan Gorgani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The usual methods of measuring regional inequalities can not reflect the internal changes of the country in terms of their displacement in different development groups, and the indicators of inequalities are not effective in demonstrating the dynamics of the distribution of inequality. For this purpose, this paper examines the dynamics of the urban inertial transport in the country during the period of 2006-2016 using the CIRD multidimensional index and stochastic kernel density method. it firstly selects 25 indicators in five dimensions including macroeconomic conditions, science and innovation, environmental sustainability, human capital and public facilities, and two-stage Principal Component Analysis methodology are developed to create a composite index of inequality. Then, in the second stage, using a nonparametric analytical approach to internal distribution dynamics and a stochastic kernel density method, the convergence hypothesis of the CIRD index of the Iranian provinces center is tested, and then, based on the ergodic density, long-run equilibrium is shown. Also, at this stage, for the purpose of adopting accurate regional policies, the distribution dynamics and process of convergence or divergence of the Iranian provinces for each of the five. According to the results of the first Stage, in 2006 & 2016, the highest level of development is related to Tehran and zahedan is at the lowest level of development. The results show that the central cities of the country are at the highest level of development due to the effects of Tehran's knowledge spillover and the country's lower cities are at the lowest level of development. The main reason for this may be the lack of access to markets in the border provinces. Based on the results of the second stage, which examines the dynamics of regional inequality transmission in the country during 2006-2016, the first year (2006) is not multifaceted and according to the kernel density graph, the CIRD index of about 70% of the cities. The value is between -1.1 and -0.1. The rest of the sequence on the right is distributed at a level higher than -0.1. In the kernel distribution, a convergence process is observed and the graph points to a single peak. Tends to be a small peak at about 3 but the main peak at about-0.6. According to the chart in the final year (2016), the multidimensional pattern remains and there is no mobility in the lower level groups, but at the higher level, the CIRD index accounts for about 45% of the provinces at about -0.4 Take it. That this year clearly faces the twin density pattern, which indicates that the cities tend to be closely related to each other in terms of development, so that the cities are low in terms of development. Also, according to the distribution dynamics results, the provinces of Iran follow the single-density density pattern in 2006 and the double-peak density pattern in 2016 at low and moderate inequality index levels and also in the development index. The country diverges during the years 2006 to 2016. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Urban%20Disparity" title="Urban Disparity">Urban Disparity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CIRD%20Index" title=" CIRD Index"> CIRD Index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Convergence" title=" Convergence"> Convergence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Distribution%20Dynamics" title=" Distribution Dynamics"> Distribution Dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Random%20Kernel%20Density" title=" Random Kernel Density"> Random Kernel Density</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124519/transition-dynamic-analysis-of-the-urban-disparity-in-iran-case-study-iran-provinces-center" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124519.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">124</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3698</span> Postcolonialism and Feminist Dialogics: Re-Imaging Cultural Exclusion in the Nigerian Feminist Fiction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Dahiru">Muhammad Dahiru</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A contestable polemic in postcolonialism is the Western Universalist conception of the people of a vast continent such as Africa as homogenous. Quite often, the postcolonial African woman is seen as an entity in western cultural and literary feminist theorisations. The debate between the so-called western feminist scholarship and the postcolonial/third world feminists that began in the late 1980s focuses on this universalisation of women’s concerns as monolithic. This article argues that the universalising assumption that all women share similar concerns in not only Africa as a continent but even in Nigeria as a country is misleading because of cultural differences. The article is a dialogic reading of Nigerian literature arguing that there is no culturally normative perspective on Nigerian feminist fiction because of the multifaceted and multicultural concerns of women writers from the different cultural regions in the country. The article concludes that this can better be read and appreciated through the lens of M. M. Bakhtin’s theory of dialogism. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20exclusion" title="cultural exclusion">cultural exclusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dialogics" title=" dialogics"> dialogics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigerian%20feminist%20fiction" title=" Nigerian feminist fiction"> Nigerian feminist fiction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=postcolonialism" title=" postcolonialism"> postcolonialism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102670/postcolonialism-and-feminist-dialogics-re-imaging-cultural-exclusion-in-the-nigerian-feminist-fiction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102670.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">207</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3697</span> International Comparative Study of International Financial Reporting Standards Adoption and Earnings Quality: Effects of Differences in Accounting Standards, Industry Category, and Country Characteristics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ichiro%20Mukai">Ichiro Mukai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this study is to investigate whether firms applying International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), provide high-quality and comparable earnings information that is useful for decision making of information users relative to firms applying local Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). Focus is placed on the earnings quality of listed firms in several developed countries: Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom (UK), and the United States (US). Except for Japan and the US, the adoption of IFRS is mandatory for listed firms in these countries. In Japan, the application of IFRS is allowed for specific listed firms. In the US, the foreign firms listed on the US securities market are permitted to apply IFRS but the listed domestic firms are prohibited from doing so. In this paper, the differences in earnings quality are compared between firms applying local GAAP and those applying IFRS in each country and industry category, and the reasons of differences in earnings quality are analyzed using various factors. The results show that, although the earnings quality of firms applying IFRS is higher than that of firms applying local GAAP, this varies with country and industry category. Thus, even if a single set of global accounting standards is used for all listed firms worldwide, it is difficult to establish comparability of financial information among global firms. These findings imply that various circumstances surrounding firms, industries, and countries etc. influence business operations and affect the differences in earnings quality. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accruals" title="accruals">accruals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=earnings%20quality" title=" earnings quality"> earnings quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IFRS" title=" IFRS"> IFRS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20comparability" title=" information comparability"> information comparability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99537/international-comparative-study-of-international-financial-reporting-standards-adoption-and-earnings-quality-effects-of-differences-in-accounting-standards-industry-category-and-country-characteristics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99537.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">169</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3696</span> Investigation of the Relationship between Government Expenditure and Country’s Economic Development in the Context of Sustainable Development</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lina%20Sinevi%C4%8Dien%C4%97">Lina Sinevičienė</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Arising problems of countries’ public finances, social and demographic changes motivate scientific and policy debates on public spending size, structure and efficiency in order to meet the changing needs of society and business. The concept of sustainable development poses new challenges for scientists and policy-makers in the field of public finance. This paper focuses on the investigation of the relationship between government expenditure and country’s economic development in the context of sustainable development. Empirical analysis focuses on the data of the European Union (except Croatia and Luxemburg) countries. The study covers 2003 – 2012 years, using annual cross-sectional data. Summarizing the research results, it can be stated that governments should pay more attention to the needs that ensure sustainable development in the long-run when formulating public expenditure policy, particularly in the field of environment protection. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20development" title="economic development">economic development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20growth" title=" economic growth"> economic growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=government%20expenditure" title=" government expenditure"> government expenditure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20development" title=" sustainable development"> sustainable development</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16755/investigation-of-the-relationship-between-government-expenditure-and-countrys-economic-development-in-the-context-of-sustainable-development" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16755.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">294</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3695</span> IT-Based Global Healthcare Delivery System: An Alternative Global Healthcare Delivery System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arvind%20Aggarwal">Arvind Aggarwal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We have developed a comprehensive global healthcare delivery System based on information technology. It has medical consultation system where a virtual consultant can give medical consultation to the patients and Doctors at the digital medical centre after reviewing the patient’s EMR file consisting of patient’s history, investigations in the voice, images and data format. The system has the surgical operation system too, where a remote robotic consultant can conduct surgery at the robotic surgical centre. The instant speech and text translation is incorporated in the software where the patient’s speech and text (language) can be translated into the consultant’s language and vice versa. A consultant of any specialty (surgeon or Physician) based in any country can provide instant health care consultation, to any patient in any country without loss of time. Robotic surgeons based in any country in a tertiary care hospital can perform remote robotic surgery, through patient friendly telemedicine and tele-surgical centres. The patient EMR, financial data and data of all the consultants and robotic surgeons shall be stored in cloud. It is a complete comprehensive business model with healthcare medical and surgical delivery system. The whole system is self-financing and can be implemented in any country. The entire system uses paperless, filmless techniques. This eliminates the use of all consumables thereby reduces substantial cost which is incurred by consumables. The consultants receive virtual patients, in the form of EMR, thus the consultant saves time and expense to travel to the hospital to see the patients. The consultant gets electronic file ready for reporting & diagnosis. Hence time spent on the physical examination of the patient is saved, the consultant can, therefore, spend quality time in studying the EMR/virtual patient and give his instant advice. The time consumed per patient is reduced and therefore can see more number of patients, the cost of the consultation per patients is therefore reduced. The additional productivity of the consultants can be channelized to serve rural patients devoid of doctors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-health" title="e-health">e-health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=telemedicine" title=" telemedicine"> telemedicine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=telecare" title=" telecare"> telecare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IT-based%20healthcare" title=" IT-based healthcare"> IT-based healthcare</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69585/it-based-global-healthcare-delivery-system-an-alternative-global-healthcare-delivery-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69585.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">179</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3694</span> Development Process and Design Methods for Shared Spaces in Europe</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kazuyasu%20Yoshino">Kazuyasu Yoshino</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Keita%20Yamaguchi"> Keita Yamaguchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Toshihiko%20Nishimura"> Toshihiko Nishimura</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masashi%20Kawasaki"> Masashi Kawasaki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Shared Space, the planning and design concept that allows pedestrians and vehicles to coexist in a street space, has been advocated and developed according to the traffic conditions in each country in Europe. Especially in German/French-speaking countries, the "Meeting Zone," which is a traffic rule combining speed regulation (20km/h) and pedestrian priority, is often applied when designing shared spaces at intersections, squares, and streets in the city center. In this study, the process of establishment and development of the Meeting Zone in Switzerland, France, and Austria was chronologically organized based on the descriptions in the major discourse and guidelines in each country. Then, the characteristics of the spatial design were extracted by analyzing representative examples of Meeting Zone applications. Finally, the relationships between the different approaches to designing of Meeting Zone and traffic regulations in different countries were discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shared%20space" title="shared space">shared space</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20calming" title=" traffic calming"> traffic calming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meeting%20zone" title=" meeting zone"> meeting zone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=street%20design" title=" street design"> street design</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164181/development-process-and-design-methods-for-shared-spaces-in-europe" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164181.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">94</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3693</span> The Technics of Desalination Water in Algeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Aburideh">H. Aburideh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.Tigrine"> Z.Tigrine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Ziou"> D. Ziou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Hout"> S. Hout</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Bellatreche"> R. Bellatreche</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Belhout"> D. Belhout</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20Belgroun"> Z. Belgroun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Abbas"> M. Abbas </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Faced with climate hazards in recent decades and the constant increase of the population, Algeria is making considerable efforts to provide water resources and water availability, both for its nascent industry, agriculture and for the drinking water supply of cities and arid region of the country. Following a remarkable worldwide technological breakthrough in seawater and brackish water desalination, known in recent years, the specialists have seen that the use of desalination of sea water in Algeria is a promising alternative as long as it has a coastline of 1200 km. Seawater is clean and virtually inexhaustible resource; mainly for population and industry that have high water consumption and are close to the sea. The purpose of this work is to present information on the number of sea water desalination stations and demineralization plants existing in Algeria. The constraints related to the operation of certain stations; those which are operational, those that are not operational as well as the seawater desalination program that was hired to cover 49 desalination plants across the country at the end of 2019 with the aim of increasing and diversifying water resources. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=desalination" title="desalination">desalination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water" title=" water"> water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=membrane" title=" membrane"> membrane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=demineralization" title=" demineralization"> demineralization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8779/the-technics-of-desalination-water-in-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8779.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">388</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3692</span> Sports in the Contemporary Society; Its Role in the Economic Development of a Country</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20K.%20Kishore%20Kumar">C. K. Kishore Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20P.%20Aruna"> B. P. Aruna</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We have made an attempt to analyze the role of sports in the contemporary society. This paper critically analyses how developed as well as developing countries spend huge amount of money every year in conducting various sports and games, development of sports infrastructure, manufacturing of sports equipment and get into bidding to organize international events like Olympic, World Cup games like foot ball, soccer, tennis etc., Throughout the world, Sports and Commerce have joined together. Sports in today’s world has become a large profit making industry. An attempt is further made to understand that the players or sports persons are only a small part of this huge industry, more than the players, there are various other people, corporations, Nation as a whole who are making huge profits from the sports industry. This industrialization has indeed changed the whole scenario of sports. Top level sports are purely a business nowadays and so fans are sucked into believing they are part of their club. In reality they are merely cash cows to be milked by a greedy, grasping and corrupt business that cares nothing but making money. In no previous time period have we seen the type of growth in the commercialization of sports that we have seen in the last 3 decades. Athletes are leveled with prize money and/or appearances fees so much so, that injuries may be ignored, educational opportunities are put aside in the quest for success which is ultimately money. Industrialization and commercialization of sports has taken a key role in the economic development of the country. The purpose of this paper is to explore as to how sports once considered as a leisure time activity has become an activity for money and in turn has taken a lead role in the economic development of a country. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contemporary%20society" title="contemporary society">contemporary society</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20development" title=" economic development"> economic development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industrialization%20of%20sports" title=" industrialization of sports"> industrialization of sports</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=commercialization%20%20of%20sports" title=" commercialization of sports"> commercialization of sports</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leisure%20time%20activity" title=" leisure time activity"> leisure time activity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14453/sports-in-the-contemporary-society-its-role-in-the-economic-development-of-a-country" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14453.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">438</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3691</span> The Development of Fiscal Policy in Light of Economic Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Djehich%20Mohamed%20Yousri">Djehich Mohamed Yousri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research tries to highlight the different stages and developments of financial policy which has evolved significantly in its means and mechanism, goals as well, according to the successful developments of the society, in addition to that, the role of the country has been developed from custody to intervening country, that evolution does not impact only on financial science but it was reflected on financial system concepts, that helped fr transport it from neutral financial policy to intervening policy, since each stage was characterized by a set of characteristics, financial policy considers like reflective mirror to the role of state in all times, when the state has been absent as an organized authority to society, the role of financial policy was weakened and has been limited under the impact of ideology which exists at all time, financial role has was limited until the state intervened in all aspects of life, the state role is also influential in economic, social, and political life, this study highlighting the most important developments of financial policy under successful economic systems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20expenditure" title="public expenditure">public expenditure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=government%20spending" title=" government spending"> government spending</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=taxes" title=" taxes"> taxes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=revenues%20public" title=" revenues public"> revenues public</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economics" title=" economics"> economics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161659/the-development-of-fiscal-policy-in-light-of-economic-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161659.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">119</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3690</span> Nanda Ways of Knowing, Being and Doing: Our Process of Research Engagement and Research Impacts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Steven%20Kelly">Steven Kelly</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A fundament role of the researcher is research engagement, that is, the interaction between researchers and research end-users outside of academia for the mutually beneficial transfer of knowledge, technologies, methods, or resources. While research impact is the contribution that research makes to the economy, society, environment, or culture beyond the contribution to academic research. Ironically, traditional impact metrics in the academy are designed to focus on the outputs; it dismisses the important role engagement plays in fostering a collaborative process that leads to meaningful, ethical, and useful impacts. Dr. Kelly, aNanda (First Nations) man himself, has worked closely with the Nanda community over the past decade, ensuring cultural protocols are upheld and implemented while doing research engagement. The focus was on the process, which was essential to foster a positive research impact culture. The contributions that flowed from this process were the naming of a new species of squat lobster in the Nanda language, a poster design in collaboration with The University of Melbourne, Museums Victoria and Bundiyarra - IrraWanga language centre, media coverage, and the formation of the “Nanda language, Nanda country project”. The Nanda language, Nanda country project is a language revitalization project that focused on reconnecting Nanda people with the language & culture on Nanda Country. Such outcomes are imperative on the eve of the United Nations International Decade of Indigenous Languages. In this paperDr, Kellywill discuss howNanda cultural practicesinformed research engagement to foster a collaborative processthat, in turn, ledto meaningful, ethical, and useful impacts within and outside of the academy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20collaboration" title="community collaboration">community collaboration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indigenous" title=" indigenous"> indigenous</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanda" title=" nanda"> nanda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=research%20engagement" title=" research engagement"> research engagement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=research%20impacts" title=" research impacts"> research impacts</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151286/nanda-ways-of-knowing-being-and-doing-our-process-of-research-engagement-and-research-impacts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151286.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">114</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3689</span> Wood Energy in Bangladesh: An Overview of Status, Challenges and Development</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Md.%20Kamrul%20Hassan">Md. Kamrul Hassan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ari%20Pappinen"> Ari Pappinen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wood energy is the single most important form of renewable energy in many parts of the world especially in the least developing countries in South Asia like Bangladesh. The last portion of the national population of this country depends on wood energy for their daily primary energy need. This paper deals with the estimation of wood fuel at the current level and identifies the challenges and strategies related to the development of this resource. Desk research, interactive research and field survey were conducted for gathering and analyzing of data for this study. The study revealed that wood fuel plays a significant role in total primary energy supply in Bangladesh, and the contribution of wood fuel in final energy consumption in 2013 was about 24%. Trees on homestead areas, secondary plantation on off forest lands, and forests are the main sources of supplying wood fuel in the country. Insufficient supply of wood fuel against high upward demand is the main cause of concern for sustainable consumption, which eventually leads deterioration and depletion of the resources. Inadequate afforestation programme, lack of initiatives towards the utilization of set-aside lands for wood energy plantations, and inefficient management of the existing resources have been identified as the major impediments to the development of wood energy in Bangladesh. The study argued that enhancement of public-private-partnership afforestation programmes, intensifying the waste and marginal lands with short-rotation tree species, and formulation of biomass-based rural energy strategies at the regional level are relevant to the promotion of sustainable wood energy in the country. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=challenge" title=" challenge"> challenge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supply" title=" supply"> supply</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wood%20energy" title=" wood energy"> wood energy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47360/wood-energy-in-bangladesh-an-overview-of-status-challenges-and-development" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47360.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">188</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tier%202%20country&page=9" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tier%202%20country&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tier%202%20country&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">...</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tier%202%20country&page=7">7</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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