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button.mapboxgl-ctrl-zoom-in .mapboxgl-ctrl-icon{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg width='29' height='29' viewBox='0 0 29 29' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' fill='%23fff'%3E%3Cpath d='M14.5 8.5c-.75 0-1.5.75-1.5 1.5v3h-3c-.75 0-1.5.75-1.5 1.5S9.25 16 10 16h3v3c0 .75.75 1.5 1.5 1.5S16 19.75 16 19v-3h3c.75 0 1.5-.75 1.5-1.5S19.75 13 19 13h-3v-3c0-.75-.75-1.5-1.5-1.5z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}}@media (-ms-high-contrast: black-on-white){.mapboxgl-ctrl button.mapboxgl-ctrl-zoom-out .mapboxgl-ctrl-icon{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg width='29' height='29' viewBox='0 0 29 29' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%3E%3Cpath d='M10 13c-.75 0-1.5.75-1.5 1.5S9.25 16 10 16h9c.75 0 1.5-.75 1.5-1.5S19.75 13 19 13h-9z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}.mapboxgl-ctrl button.mapboxgl-ctrl-zoom-in .mapboxgl-ctrl-icon{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg width='29' height='29' viewBox='0 0 29 29' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%3E%3Cpath d='M14.5 8.5c-.75 0-1.5.75-1.5 1.5v3h-3c-.75 0-1.5.75-1.5 1.5S9.25 16 10 16h3v3c0 .75.75 1.5 1.5 1.5S16 19.75 16 19v-3h3c.75 0 1.5-.75 1.5-1.5S19.75 13 19 13h-3v-3c0-.75-.75-1.5-1.5-1.5z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}}.mapboxgl-ctrl button.mapboxgl-ctrl-fullscreen .mapboxgl-ctrl-icon{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg width='29' height='29' viewBox='0 0 29 29' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' fill='%23333'%3E%3Cpath d='M24 16v5.5c0 1.75-.75 2.5-2.5 2.5H16v-1l3-1.5-4-5.5 1-1 5.5 4 1.5-3h1zM6 16l1.5 3 5.5-4 1 1-4 5.5 3 1.5v1H7.5C5.75 24 5 23.25 5 21.5V16h1zm7-11v1l-3 1.5 4 5.5-1 1-5.5-4L6 13H5V7.5C5 5.75 5.75 5 7.5 5H13zm11 2.5c0-1.75-.75-2.5-2.5-2.5H16v1l3 1.5-4 5.5 1 1 5.5-4 1.5 3h1V7.5z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}.mapboxgl-ctrl button.mapboxgl-ctrl-shrink .mapboxgl-ctrl-icon{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg width='29' height='29' viewBox='0 0 29 29' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%3E%3Cpath d='M18.5 16c-1.75 0-2.5.75-2.5 2.5V24h1l1.5-3 5.5 4 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xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' fill='%23fff'%3E%3Cpath d='M18.5 16c-1.75 0-2.5.75-2.5 2.5V24h1l1.5-3 5.5 4 1-1-4-5.5 3-1.5v-1h-5.5zM13 18.5c0-1.75-.75-2.5-2.5-2.5H5v1l3 1.5L4 24l1 1 5.5-4 1.5 3h1v-5.5zm3-8c0 1.75.75 2.5 2.5 2.5H24v-1l-3-1.5L25 5l-1-1-5.5 4L17 5h-1v5.5zM10.5 13c1.75 0 2.5-.75 2.5-2.5V5h-1l-1.5 3L5 4 4 5l4 5.5L5 12v1h5.5z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}}@media (-ms-high-contrast: black-on-white){.mapboxgl-ctrl button.mapboxgl-ctrl-fullscreen .mapboxgl-ctrl-icon{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg width='29' height='29' viewBox='0 0 29 29' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%3E%3Cpath d='M24 16v5.5c0 1.75-.75 2.5-2.5 2.5H16v-1l3-1.5-4-5.5 1-1 5.5 4 1.5-3h1zM6 16l1.5 3 5.5-4 1 1-4 5.5 3 1.5v1H7.5C5.75 24 5 23.25 5 21.5V16h1zm7-11v1l-3 1.5 4 5.5-1 1-5.5-4L6 13H5V7.5C5 5.75 5.75 5 7.5 5H13zm11 2.5c0-1.75-.75-2.5-2.5-2.5H16v1l3 1.5-4 5.5 1 1 5.5-4 1.5 3h1V7.5z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}.mapboxgl-ctrl button.mapboxgl-ctrl-shrink .mapboxgl-ctrl-icon{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg width='29' height='29' viewBox='0 0 29 29' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%3E%3Cpath d='M18.5 16c-1.75 0-2.5.75-2.5 2.5V24h1l1.5-3 5.5 4 1-1-4-5.5 3-1.5v-1h-5.5zM13 18.5c0-1.75-.75-2.5-2.5-2.5H5v1l3 1.5L4 24l1 1 5.5-4 1.5 3h1v-5.5zm3-8c0 1.75.75 2.5 2.5 2.5H24v-1l-3-1.5L25 5l-1-1-5.5 4L17 5h-1v5.5zM10.5 13c1.75 0 2.5-.75 2.5-2.5V5h-1l-1.5 3L5 4 4 5l4 5.5L5 12v1h5.5z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}}.mapboxgl-ctrl button.mapboxgl-ctrl-compass .mapboxgl-ctrl-icon{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg width='29' height='29' viewBox='0 0 29 29' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' fill='%23333'%3E%3Cpath d='M10.5 14l4-8 4 8h-8z'/%3E%3Cpath d='M10.5 16l4 8 4-8h-8z' fill='%23ccc'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}@media (-ms-high-contrast: active){.mapboxgl-ctrl button.mapboxgl-ctrl-compass .mapboxgl-ctrl-icon{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg width='29' height='29' viewBox='0 0 29 29' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' fill='%23fff'%3E%3Cpath d='M10.5 14l4-8 4 8h-8z'/%3E%3Cpath d='M10.5 16l4 8 4-8h-8z' fill='%23999'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}}@media (-ms-high-contrast: black-on-white){.mapboxgl-ctrl button.mapboxgl-ctrl-compass .mapboxgl-ctrl-icon{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg width='29' height='29' viewBox='0 0 29 29' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%3E%3Cpath d='M10.5 14l4-8 4 8h-8z'/%3E%3Cpath d='M10.5 16l4 8 4-8h-8z' fill='%23ccc'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}}.mapboxgl-ctrl button.mapboxgl-ctrl-geolocate .mapboxgl-ctrl-icon{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg width='29' height='29' viewBox='0 0 20 20' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' fill='%23333'%3E%3Cpath d='M10 4C9 4 9 5 9 5v.1A5 5 0 005.1 9H5s-1 0-1 1 1 1 1 1h.1A5 5 0 009 14.9v.1s0 1 1 1 1-1 1-1v-.1a5 5 0 003.9-3.9h.1s1 0 1-1-1-1-1-1h-.1A5 5 0 0011 5.1V5s0-1-1-1zm0 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 110 7 3.5 3.5 0 110-7z'/%3E%3Ccircle cx='10' cy='10' r='2'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}.mapboxgl-ctrl button.mapboxgl-ctrl-geolocate:disabled .mapboxgl-ctrl-icon{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg width='29' height='29' viewBox='0 0 20 20' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' fill='%23aaa'%3E%3Cpath d='M10 4C9 4 9 5 9 5v.1A5 5 0 005.1 9H5s-1 0-1 1 1 1 1 1h.1A5 5 0 009 14.9v.1s0 1 1 1 1-1 1-1v-.1a5 5 0 003.9-3.9h.1s1 0 1-1-1-1-1-1h-.1A5 5 0 0011 5.1V5s0-1-1-1zm0 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 110 7 3.5 3.5 0 110-7z'/%3E%3Ccircle cx='10' cy='10' r='2'/%3E%3Cpath d='M14 5l1 1-9 9-1-1 9-9z' fill='red'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}.mapboxgl-ctrl button.mapboxgl-ctrl-geolocate.mapboxgl-ctrl-geolocate-active .mapboxgl-ctrl-icon{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg width='29' height='29' viewBox='0 0 20 20' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' fill='%2333b5e5'%3E%3Cpath d='M10 4C9 4 9 5 9 5v.1A5 5 0 005.1 9H5s-1 0-1 1 1 1 1 1h.1A5 5 0 009 14.9v.1s0 1 1 1 1-1 1-1v-.1a5 5 0 003.9-3.9h.1s1 0 1-1-1-1-1-1h-.1A5 5 0 0011 5.1V5s0-1-1-1zm0 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 110 7 3.5 3.5 0 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button.mapboxgl-ctrl-geolocate.mapboxgl-ctrl-geolocate-active .mapboxgl-ctrl-icon{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg width='29' height='29' viewBox='0 0 20 20' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' fill='%2333b5e5'%3E%3Cpath d='M10 4C9 4 9 5 9 5v.1A5 5 0 005.1 9H5s-1 0-1 1 1 1 1 1h.1A5 5 0 009 14.9v.1s0 1 1 1 1-1 1-1v-.1a5 5 0 003.9-3.9h.1s1 0 1-1-1-1-1-1h-.1A5 5 0 0011 5.1V5s0-1-1-1zm0 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 110 7 3.5 3.5 0 110-7z'/%3E%3Ccircle cx='10' cy='10' r='2'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}.mapboxgl-ctrl button.mapboxgl-ctrl-geolocate.mapboxgl-ctrl-geolocate-active-error .mapboxgl-ctrl-icon{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg width='29' height='29' viewBox='0 0 20 20' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' fill='%23e58978'%3E%3Cpath d='M10 4C9 4 9 5 9 5v.1A5 5 0 005.1 9H5s-1 0-1 1 1 1 1 1h.1A5 5 0 009 14.9v.1s0 1 1 1 1-1 1-1v-.1a5 5 0 003.9-3.9h.1s1 0 1-1-1-1-1-1h-.1A5 5 0 0011 5.1V5s0-1-1-1zm0 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 110 7 3.5 3.5 0 110-7z'/%3E%3Ccircle cx='10' 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is a famously idyllic spot (Credit: Getty Images)" id="article-hero-img-js"/></picture></div></div></div><div class="vertical-index__latest-articles"><div class="latest-articles__container latest-articles__rectangle latest-articles__container--desktop"><p class="latest-articles__editor b-reith-sans-font latest-articles__editor--desktop">Editor's Picks</p><div class="latest-articles__articles latest-articles__articles--desktop"><div class="rectangle-story-group rectangle-story-group--desktop"><div class="rectangle-story-group__hero rectangle-story-group__hero--desktop"><div class="rectangle-story-group__articles-container"><div data-bbc-container="latest-stories" data-bbc-title="10 TV shows to watch this August" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"latest-stories","CHD":"card::1"}" data-bbc-result="https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20220729-11-of-the-best-tv-shows-to-watch-in-august" data-bbc-client-routed="true" class="rectangle-story-group__article-hero"><div class="article-title-card-rectangle b-reith-sans-font article-title-card-rectangle--desktop"><div class="article-title-card-rectangle__container article-title-card-rectangle__container--desktop"><div class="article-title-card-rectangle__image article-title-card-rectangle__image--desktop"><a class="article-title-card-rectangle__link" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20220802084808/https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20220729-11-of-the-best-tv-shows-to-watch-in-august"><picture><source media="(min-width:1200px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1600x900/p0cpxtvh.webp" type="image/webp"/><source media="(min-width:1200px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1600x900/p0cpxtvh.jpg" type="image/jpeg"/><source media="(min-width:880px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1280x720/p0cpxtvh.webp" type="image/webp"/><source media="(min-width:880px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1280x720/p0cpxtvh.jpg" type="image/jpeg"/><source media="(min-width:576px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/976x549/p0cpxtvh.webp" type="image/webp"/><source media="(min-width:576px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/976x549/p0cpxtvh.jpg" type="image/jpeg"/><source media="(min-width:224px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/624x351/p0cpxtvh.webp" type="image/webp"/><source media="(min-width:224px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/624x351/p0cpxtvh.jpg" type="image/jpeg"/><img draggable="false" title="Still from House of the Dragon" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/976x549/p0cpxtvh.jpg" alt="Still from House of the Dragon" id=""/></picture><span class="article-title-card-rectangle__overlay article-title-card-rectangle__overlay--culture"></span></a></div><div class="article-title-card-rectangle__text-box article-title-card-rectangle__text-box--desktop"><a class="article-title-card-rectangle__link article-title-card-rectangle__text-container article-title-card-rectangle__text-container--desktop" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20220802084808/https://www.bbc.com/culture/tags/television"><span class="article-title-card-rectangle__text-box__label article-title-card-rectangle__text-box__label--culture">Television</span></a><a class="article-title-card-rectangle__link article-title-card-rectangle__text-container article-title-card-rectangle__text-container--desktop" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20220802084808/https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20220729-11-of-the-best-tv-shows-to-watch-in-august"><h2 class="article-title-card-rectangle__text-box__header b-font-weight-300 article-title-card-rectangle__text-box__header--desktop b-reith-sans-font b-font-weight-300">10 TV shows to watch this August</h2></a><p class="article-title-card-rectangle__text-box__author b-font-family-serif article-title-card-rectangle__text-box__author--tablet b-reith-sans-font">By Amy Charles</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rectangle-story-group__articles rectangle-story-group__articles--desktop"><div class="rectangle-story-group__article rectangle-story-group__article--desktop"><div data-bbc-container="latest-stories" data-bbc-title="10 films to watch this August" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"latest-stories","CHD":"card::2"}" data-bbc-result="https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20220728-10-of-the-best-films-to-watch-this-august" data-bbc-client-routed="true" class="rectangle-story-item b-reith-sans-font"><a class="rectangle-story-item__title" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20220802084808/https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20220728-10-of-the-best-films-to-watch-this-august"><div class="rectangle-story-item__image-container rectangle-story-item__image-container--culture"><div class="rectangle-image rectangle-image--large" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/960x540/p082b33v.png)"><picture><source media="(min-width:1200px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1600x900/p0cpp35y.webp" type="image/webp"/><source media="(min-width:1200px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1600x900/p0cpp35y.jpg" type="image/jpeg"/><source media="(min-width:880px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1280x720/p0cpp35y.webp" type="image/webp"/><source media="(min-width:880px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1280x720/p0cpp35y.jpg" type="image/jpeg"/><source media="(min-width:576px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/976x549/p0cpp35y.webp" type="image/webp"/><source media="(min-width:576px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/976x549/p0cpp35y.jpg" type="image/jpeg"/><source media="(min-width:224px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/624x351/p0cpp35y.webp" type="image/webp"/><source media="(min-width:224px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/624x351/p0cpp35y.jpg" type="image/jpeg"/><img draggable="false" title="Still from Bullet Train" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/976x549/p0cpp35y.jpg" alt="Still from Bullet Train" id=""/></picture><span class="rectangle-image__overlay rectangle-image__overlay--culture"></span></div></div></a><a class="rectangle-story-item__label b-reith-sans-font rectangle-story-item__label--desktop rectangle-story-item__label--culture" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20220802084808/https://www.bbc.com/culture/columns/film"><span>Film</span></a><div class="rectangle-story-item__container"><a class="rectangle-story-item__title" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20220802084808/https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20220728-10-of-the-best-films-to-watch-this-august"><span>10 films to watch this August</span></a></div><div><span class="rectangle-story-item__line"><div class="styled-line styled-line--culture styled-line--height--small"></div></span><span class="rectangle-story-item__author b-font-family-serif">By Nicholas Barber</span></div></div></div><div class="rectangle-story-group__article rectangle-story-group__article--desktop"><div data-bbc-container="latest-stories" data-bbc-title="The film that demonised rural America" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"latest-stories","CHD":"card::3"}" data-bbc-result="https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20220727-how-rural-horror-deliverance-set-a-controversial-trend" data-bbc-client-routed="true" class="rectangle-story-item b-reith-sans-font"><a class="rectangle-story-item__title" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20220802084808/https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20220727-how-rural-horror-deliverance-set-a-controversial-trend"><div class="rectangle-story-item__image-container rectangle-story-item__image-container--culture"><div class="rectangle-image rectangle-image--large" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/960x540/p082b33v.png)"><picture><source media="(min-width:1200px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1600x900/p0cp90vk.webp" type="image/webp"/><source media="(min-width:1200px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1600x900/p0cp90vk.jpg" type="image/jpeg"/><source media="(min-width:880px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1280x720/p0cp90vk.webp" type="image/webp"/><source media="(min-width:880px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1280x720/p0cp90vk.jpg" type="image/jpeg"/><source media="(min-width:576px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/976x549/p0cp90vk.webp" type="image/webp"/><source media="(min-width:576px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/976x549/p0cp90vk.jpg" type="image/jpeg"/><source media="(min-width:224px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/624x351/p0cp90vk.webp" type="image/webp"/><source media="(min-width:224px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/624x351/p0cp90vk.jpg" type="image/jpeg"/><img draggable="false" title="(Credit: Getty Images)" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/976x549/p0cp90vk.jpg" alt="(Credit: Getty Images)" id=""/></picture><span class="rectangle-image__overlay rectangle-image__overlay--culture"></span></div></div></a><a class="rectangle-story-item__label b-reith-sans-font rectangle-story-item__label--desktop rectangle-story-item__label--culture" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20220802084808/https://www.bbc.com/culture/columns/film"><span>Film</span></a><div class="rectangle-story-item__container"><a class="rectangle-story-item__title" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20220802084808/https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20220727-how-rural-horror-deliverance-set-a-controversial-trend"><span>The film that demonised rural America</span></a></div><div><span class="rectangle-story-item__line"><div class="styled-line styled-line--culture styled-line--height--small"></div></span><span class="rectangle-story-item__author b-font-family-serif">By Adam Scovell</span></div></div></div><div class="rectangle-story-group__article rectangle-story-group__article--desktop"><div data-bbc-container="latest-stories" data-bbc-title="The downsides of a 'wipe-clean world'" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"latest-stories","CHD":"card::4"}" data-bbc-result="https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20220726-our-toxic-love-affair-with-plastic-and-how-we-can-fix-it" data-bbc-client-routed="true" class="rectangle-story-item b-reith-sans-font"><a class="rectangle-story-item__title" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20220802084808/https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20220726-our-toxic-love-affair-with-plastic-and-how-we-can-fix-it"><div class="rectangle-story-item__image-container rectangle-story-item__image-container--culture"><div class="rectangle-image rectangle-image--large" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/960x540/p082b33v.png)"><picture><source media="(min-width:1200px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1600x900/p0cp2h3n.webp" type="image/webp"/><source media="(min-width:1200px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1600x900/p0cp2h3n.jpg" type="image/jpeg"/><source media="(min-width:880px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1280x720/p0cp2h3n.webp" type="image/webp"/><source media="(min-width:880px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1280x720/p0cp2h3n.jpg" type="image/jpeg"/><source media="(min-width:576px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/976x549/p0cp2h3n.webp" type="image/webp"/><source media="(min-width:576px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/976x549/p0cp2h3n.jpg" type="image/jpeg"/><source media="(min-width:224px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/624x351/p0cp2h3n.webp" type="image/webp"/><source media="(min-width:224px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/624x351/p0cp2h3n.jpg" type="image/jpeg"/><img draggable="false" title="Plastics" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/976x549/p0cp2h3n.jpg" alt="Plastics" id=""/></picture><span class="rectangle-image__overlay rectangle-image__overlay--culture"></span></div></div></a><a class="rectangle-story-item__label b-reith-sans-font rectangle-story-item__label--desktop rectangle-story-item__label--culture" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20220802084808/https://www.bbc.com/culture/designed"><span>designed</span></a><div class="rectangle-story-item__container"><a class="rectangle-story-item__title" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20220802084808/https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20220726-our-toxic-love-affair-with-plastic-and-how-we-can-fix-it"><span>The downsides of a 'wipe-clean world'</span></a></div><div><span class="rectangle-story-item__line"><div class="styled-line styled-line--culture styled-line--height--small"></div></span><span class="rectangle-story-item__author b-font-family-serif">By Cath Pound</span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="vertical-index__full-width-image-article"><div data-bbc-container="full-width-image-article" data-bbc-title="The mysterious ancient culture for now" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"full-width-image-article","CHD":"card::1"}" data-bbc-result="https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20220601-the-mysterious-ancient-civilisation-that-resonates-now" data-bbc-client-routed="true" class="full-width-image-article"><div class="full-width-image-article__container full-width-image-article__container--desktop"><div class="full-width-image-article__image"><picture><source media="(min-width:1200px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1600x900/p0cb8th1.webp" type="image/webp"/><source media="(min-width:1200px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1600x900/p0cb8th1.jpg" type="image/jpeg"/><source media="(min-width:880px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1280x720/p0cb8th1.webp" type="image/webp"/><source media="(min-width:880px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1280x720/p0cb8th1.jpg" type="image/jpeg"/><source media="(min-width:576px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/976x549/p0cb8th1.webp" type="image/webp"/><source media="(min-width:576px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/976x549/p0cb8th1.jpg" type="image/jpeg"/><source media="(min-width:224px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/624x351/p0cb8th1.webp" type="image/webp"/><source media="(min-width:224px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/624x351/p0cb8th1.jpg" type="image/jpeg"/><img draggable="false" title="(Credit: Alamy)" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/976x549/p0cb8th1.jpg" alt="(Credit: Alamy)" id=""/></picture><div class="full-width-image-article__background"></div></div><div class="full-width-image-article__text"><a class="full-width-image-article__link" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20220802084808/https://www.bbc.com/culture/the-collection"><span class="full-width-image-article-text__label b-reith-sans-font">The Collection</span></a><a class="full-width-image-article__link" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20220802084808/https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20220601-the-mysterious-ancient-civilisation-that-resonates-now"><h2 class="full-width-image-article-text__header b-reith-sans-font b-font-weight-300 full-width-image-article-text__header--desktop">The mysterious ancient culture for now</h2></a><p class="full-width-image-article-text__author b-font-family-serif b-font-weight-300 full-width-image-article-text__author--desktop">By Beverley D'Silva</p></div></div></div></div><div class="vertical-index__latest-articles"><div class="latest-articles__container latest-articles__rectangle latest-articles__container--desktop"><p class="latest-articles__editor b-reith-sans-font latest-articles__editor--desktop">Hot Topics</p><div class="latest-articles__articles latest-articles__articles--desktop"><div class="rectangle-story-group rectangle-story-group--desktop"><div class="rectangle-story-group__hero rectangle-story-group__hero--desktop"><div class="rectangle-story-group__articles-container"><div data-bbc-container="latest-stories" data-bbc-title="The animation too dark for Hollywood" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"latest-stories","CHD":"card::1"}" data-bbc-result="https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20220713-princess-mononoke-the-masterpiece-that-flummoxed-the-us" data-bbc-client-routed="true" class="rectangle-story-group__article-hero"><div class="article-title-card-rectangle b-reith-sans-font article-title-card-rectangle--desktop"><div class="article-title-card-rectangle__container article-title-card-rectangle__container--desktop"><div class="article-title-card-rectangle__image article-title-card-rectangle__image--desktop"><a class="article-title-card-rectangle__link" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20220802084808/https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20220713-princess-mononoke-the-masterpiece-that-flummoxed-the-us"><picture><source media="(min-width:1200px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1600x900/p0clnml6.webp" type="image/webp"/><source media="(min-width:1200px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1600x900/p0clnml6.jpg" type="image/jpeg"/><source media="(min-width:880px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1280x720/p0clnml6.webp" type="image/webp"/><source media="(min-width:880px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1280x720/p0clnml6.jpg" type="image/jpeg"/><source media="(min-width:576px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/976x549/p0clnml6.webp" type="image/webp"/><source media="(min-width:576px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/976x549/p0clnml6.jpg" type="image/jpeg"/><source media="(min-width:224px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/624x351/p0clnml6.webp" type="image/webp"/><source media="(min-width:224px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/624x351/p0clnml6.jpg" type="image/jpeg"/><img draggable="false" title="(Credit: Alamy)" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/976x549/p0clnml6.jpg" alt="(Credit: Alamy)" id=""/></picture><span class="article-title-card-rectangle__overlay article-title-card-rectangle__overlay--culture"></span></a></div><div class="article-title-card-rectangle__text-box article-title-card-rectangle__text-box--desktop"><a class="article-title-card-rectangle__link article-title-card-rectangle__text-container article-title-card-rectangle__text-container--desktop" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20220802084808/https://www.bbc.com/culture/columns/film"><span class="article-title-card-rectangle__text-box__label article-title-card-rectangle__text-box__label--culture">Film</span></a><a class="article-title-card-rectangle__link article-title-card-rectangle__text-container article-title-card-rectangle__text-container--desktop" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20220802084808/https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20220713-princess-mononoke-the-masterpiece-that-flummoxed-the-us"><h2 class="article-title-card-rectangle__text-box__header b-font-weight-300 article-title-card-rectangle__text-box__header--desktop b-reith-sans-font b-font-weight-300">The animation too dark for Hollywood</h2></a><p class="article-title-card-rectangle__text-box__author b-font-family-serif article-title-card-rectangle__text-box__author--tablet b-reith-sans-font">By Stephen Kelly</p></div></div></div></div><div class="rectangle-story-group__articles rectangle-story-group__articles--desktop"><div class="rectangle-story-group__article rectangle-story-group__article--desktop"><div data-bbc-container="latest-stories" data-bbc-title="The UFO-mania that swept the US" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"latest-stories","CHD":"card::2"}" data-bbc-result="https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20220714-the-ufo-sightings-that-swept-the-us" data-bbc-client-routed="true" class="rectangle-story-item b-reith-sans-font"><a class="rectangle-story-item__title" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20220802084808/https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20220714-the-ufo-sightings-that-swept-the-us"><div class="rectangle-story-item__image-container rectangle-story-item__image-container--culture"><div class="rectangle-image rectangle-image--large" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/960x540/p082b33v.png)"><picture><source media="(min-width:1200px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1600x900/p0clvmqz.webp" type="image/webp"/><source media="(min-width:1200px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1600x900/p0clvmqz.jpg" type="image/jpeg"/><source media="(min-width:880px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1280x720/p0clvmqz.webp" type="image/webp"/><source media="(min-width:880px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1280x720/p0clvmqz.jpg" type="image/jpeg"/><source media="(min-width:576px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/976x549/p0clvmqz.webp" type="image/webp"/><source media="(min-width:576px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/976x549/p0clvmqz.jpg" type="image/jpeg"/><source media="(min-width:224px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/624x351/p0clvmqz.webp" type="image/webp"/><source media="(min-width:224px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/624x351/p0clvmqz.jpg" type="image/jpeg"/><img draggable="false" title="Forbidden Planet" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/976x549/p0clvmqz.jpg" alt="Forbidden Planet" id=""/></picture><span class="rectangle-image__overlay rectangle-image__overlay--culture"></span></div></div></a><a class="rectangle-story-item__label b-reith-sans-font rectangle-story-item__label--desktop rectangle-story-item__label--culture" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20220802084808/https://www.bbc.com/culture/columns/film"><span>Film</span></a><div class="rectangle-story-item__container"><a class="rectangle-story-item__title" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20220802084808/https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20220714-the-ufo-sightings-that-swept-the-us"><span>The UFO-mania that swept the US</span></a></div><div><span class="rectangle-story-item__line"><div class="styled-line styled-line--culture styled-line--height--small"></div></span><span class="rectangle-story-item__author b-font-family-serif">By Nicholas Barber</span></div></div></div><div class="rectangle-story-group__article rectangle-story-group__article--desktop"><div data-bbc-container="latest-stories" data-bbc-title="The six lines that made a masterpiece" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"latest-stories","CHD":"card::3"}" data-bbc-result="https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20220711-piet-mondrian-and-the-six-lines-that-made-a-masterpiece" data-bbc-client-routed="true" class="rectangle-story-item b-reith-sans-font"><a class="rectangle-story-item__title" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20220802084808/https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20220711-piet-mondrian-and-the-six-lines-that-made-a-masterpiece"><div class="rectangle-story-item__image-container rectangle-story-item__image-container--culture"><div class="rectangle-image rectangle-image--large" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/960x540/p082b33v.png)"><picture><source media="(min-width:1200px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1600x900/p0cl79z1.webp" type="image/webp"/><source media="(min-width:1200px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1600x900/p0cl79z1.jpg" type="image/jpeg"/><source media="(min-width:880px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1280x720/p0cl79z1.webp" type="image/webp"/><source media="(min-width:880px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1280x720/p0cl79z1.jpg" type="image/jpeg"/><source media="(min-width:576px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/976x549/p0cl79z1.webp" type="image/webp"/><source media="(min-width:576px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/976x549/p0cl79z1.jpg" type="image/jpeg"/><source media="(min-width:224px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/624x351/p0cl79z1.webp" type="image/webp"/><source media="(min-width:224px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/624x351/p0cl79z1.jpg" type="image/jpeg"/><img draggable="false" title="(Credit: ICN, Amsterdam)" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/976x549/p0cl79z1.jpg" alt="(Credit: ICN, Amsterdam)" id=""/></picture><span class="rectangle-image__overlay rectangle-image__overlay--culture"></span></div></div></a><a class="rectangle-story-item__label b-reith-sans-font rectangle-story-item__label--desktop rectangle-story-item__label--culture" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20220802084808/https://www.bbc.com/culture/columns/art"><span>Art</span></a><div class="rectangle-story-item__container"><a class="rectangle-story-item__title" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20220802084808/https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20220711-piet-mondrian-and-the-six-lines-that-made-a-masterpiece"><span>The six lines that made a masterpiece</span></a></div><div><span class="rectangle-story-item__line"><div class="styled-line styled-line--culture styled-line--height--small"></div></span><span class="rectangle-story-item__author b-font-family-serif">By Deborah Nicholls-Lee</span></div></div></div><div class="rectangle-story-group__article rectangle-story-group__article--desktop"><div data-bbc-container="latest-stories" data-bbc-title="The 26 best books of the year so far" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"latest-stories","CHD":"card::4"}" data-bbc-result="https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20220407-the-best-books-of-the-year-2022" data-bbc-client-routed="true" class="rectangle-story-item b-reith-sans-font"><a class="rectangle-story-item__title" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20220802084808/https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20220407-the-best-books-of-the-year-2022"><div class="rectangle-story-item__image-container rectangle-story-item__image-container--culture"><div class="rectangle-image rectangle-image--large" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/960x540/p082b33v.png)"><picture><source media="(min-width:1200px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1600x900/p0ckhm82.webp" type="image/webp"/><source media="(min-width:1200px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1600x900/p0ckhm82.jpg" type="image/jpeg"/><source media="(min-width:880px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1280x720/p0ckhm82.webp" type="image/webp"/><source media="(min-width:880px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1280x720/p0ckhm82.jpg" type="image/jpeg"/><source media="(min-width:576px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/976x549/p0ckhm82.webp" type="image/webp"/><source media="(min-width:576px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/976x549/p0ckhm82.jpg" type="image/jpeg"/><source media="(min-width:224px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/624x351/p0ckhm82.webp" type="image/webp"/><source media="(min-width:224px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/624x351/p0ckhm82.jpg" type="image/jpeg"/><img draggable="false" title="Author" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/976x549/p0ckhm82.jpg" alt="Author" id=""/></picture><span class="rectangle-image__overlay rectangle-image__overlay--culture"></span></div></div></a><a class="rectangle-story-item__label b-reith-sans-font rectangle-story-item__label--desktop rectangle-story-item__label--culture" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20220802084808/https://www.bbc.com/culture/tags/books"><span>Books</span></a><div class="rectangle-story-item__container"><a class="rectangle-story-item__title" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20220802084808/https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20220407-the-best-books-of-the-year-2022"><span>The 26 best books of the year so far</span></a></div><div><span class="rectangle-story-item__line"><div class="styled-line styled-line--culture styled-line--height--small"></div></span><span class="rectangle-story-item__author b-font-family-serif">By Rebecca Laurence and Lindsay Baker</span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></main></div></div> <script>window.__PWA_PRELOADED_STATE__ = 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(Credit: Adrian Fernandez)","synopsisMedium":"Mid-Century moment","synopsisShort":"Mid-Century moment","templateUrl":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20220802084808\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fychef.files.bbci.co.uk\u002F$recipe\u002Fp05g77jy.jpg","title":"HavanaLiving_p062_crop.jpg","creationDateTime":"0001-01-01T00:00:00Z","entity":"image","guid":"","id":"p05g77jy","modifiedDateTime":"0001-01-01T00:00:00Z","project":"","slug":"","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20220802084808\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fychef.files.bbci.co.uk\u002F$recipe\u002Fp05g77jy.jpg","cacheLastUpdated":1659430088846},"p0bvj3sw":{"urn":"urn:external:nitro:image:p0bvj3sw","_id":"62df7fe743d9f46d8f206e43","copyright":"Alamy","fileSizeBytes":0,"mimeType":"image\u002Fjpeg","sourceHeight":1080,"sourceUrl":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20220802084808\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fs3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com\u002Flive-galileo-interface-mt-resources-imagebucket-1a92e5tj3b5d6\u002Fp0\u002Fbv\u002Fj3\u002Fp0bvj3sw.jpg","sourceWidth":1920,"synopsisLong":"","synopsisMedium":"(Credit: Alamy)","synopsisShort":"Plant","templateUrl":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20220802084808\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fychef.files.bbci.co.uk\u002F$recipe\u002Fp0bvj3sw.jpg","title":"collection aalmy option b.jpg","creationDateTime":"0001-01-01T00:00:00Z","entity":"image","guid":"","id":"p0bvj3sw","modifiedDateTime":"0001-01-01T00:00:00Z","project":"","slug":"","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20220802084808\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fychef.files.bbci.co.uk\u002F$recipe\u002Fp0bvj3sw.jpg","cacheLastUpdated":1659430088846}},"articles":{"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220729-the-best-public-swimming-pools-around-the-world":{"urn":"urn:pubpipe:wwverticals:article:culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220729-the-best-public-swimming-pools-around-the-world","_id":"62e8622c43d9f4570f24c797","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":["culture\u002Fauthor\u002Fdominic-lutyens"],"bodyIntro":"From Bondi to Berlin and Copenhagen to Cornwall, swimming pools – particularly outdoor ones – are always in demand. Dominic Lutyens dives in and explores the pool's past, present and future.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EIn countries as far afield as Iceland, Denmark and the UK, and in cities such as Los Angeles, Sydney, Berlin and Beijing, public swimming pools have historically been democratic palaces of leisure. In the UK, many public pools and outdoor lidos have long lain neglected; yet they are now experiencing a revival, as people increasingly rediscover the invigorating pleasures of swimming, especially outdoors. With a growing number of community groups and councils recognising the value of lidos (outdoor swimming pools) and pools to local communities, many are being restored and modernised to meet 21st-Century requirements.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMore like this:\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E-          \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20220726-our-toxic-love-affair-with-plastic-and-how-we-can-fix-it\"\u003EThe downsides of a 'wipe-clean world'\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E-          \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20220207-what-the-nordics-can-teach-us-about-having-fun\"\u003EWhat the Nordics can teach us about fun\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E-          \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20211215-why-the-tiny-house-movement-is-big\"\u003EWhy the tiny house is perfect for now\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\"A lot of work advocating the return of the lido was done in the noughties,\" says Michael Wood, assistant professor in sport management at the department of health and life sciences, Northumbria University. \"Over the years, I started to dig deeper to understand why we had so few pools in the UK when they were so loved by the public.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220729-the-best-public-swimming-pools-around-the-world-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0cpyj01"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Blue lagoon","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220729-the-best-public-swimming-pools-around-the-world-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EThe golden age of lidos in the UK was in the 1930s, when outdoor swimming became popular, and 169 were built across the country as recreational facilities. This continued into the 1940s and 50s. \"Their designs were grand, and developed a strong sense of place for the communities,\" says Wood. \"But, from the 1960s, fewer people flocked to lidos, due partly to the 1960 Wolfenden report on sport and community, which recommended that public pools be housed indoors. A 1968 Sports Council report, Planning for Sport, stressed the seasonal nature of lidos, deeming them poor value for money. By the 1960s, outdoor pools received less funding and were falling into disrepair.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAccelerating their decline, says Wood, was the increase in foreign travel.\"UK lidos compared less well to countries with warmer climates that people were starting to holiday in.\" But unpredictable British weather can't really be blamed for precipitating the lido's demise: \"Countries such as the Netherlands, Germany, Finland, Sweden and Iceland – with similar weather – have maintained outdoor pools and their vibrant cultures,\" says Wood.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220729-the-best-public-swimming-pools-around-the-world-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"By the 1960s, Icelandic lidos went ludic, emphasising play over sport, with the addition of hot tubs and gigantic slides.","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220729-the-best-public-swimming-pools-around-the-world-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EArchitecturally splendid, intact interwar and postwar pools in Reykjavik, Iceland, include Sundhöll (which means swimming palace), a modernist building featuring a 25m-long pool, designed by Guðjón Samúelsson, and completed in 1937. Icelandic pools are currently celebrated in an exhibition called \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.honnunarsafn.is\u002Fen\u002Fexhibition\u002Fbathing-culture\"\u003EBathing Culture\u003C\u002Fa\u003E at the Museum of Design and Applied Art in Reykjavik. By the 1960s, the exhibition shows, lidos went ludic, emphasising play over sport, with the addition of hot tubs and gigantic slides.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220729-the-best-public-swimming-pools-around-the-world-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0cpyj3x"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"iceland","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220729-the-best-public-swimming-pools-around-the-world-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EIn Los Angeles, there's the ocean-facing Annenberg Community Beach House, built in the 1920s for actress Marion Davies by her lover, William Randolph Hearst. Incorporating a heated pool that flanks Santa Monica Beach, it was restored and opened to the public in 2009. \"The State of California bought the property in 1959,\" says Jan Dyer, principal of Studio-MLA, the practice that refurbished it. \"The City of Santa Monica took over operations in the 1990s, and invited the public to reimagine its future after the 1994 Northridge earthquake damaged all its structures. Funding from the Annenberg Foundation allowed the City to realise its vision of a year-round public beach house. The original pool was intact but carefully restored, its marble tiles either cleaned or replaced, if damaged, while hand-painted decorative fish motifs on the bottom of the pool were repaired. Studio-MLA designed the children's play area and surrounding new structures, and introduced sustainable strategies to reduce light pollution and energy use.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn the UK, a renewed interest in lidos began in the 2000s with the publication of books such as Liquid Assets: The Lidos and Open Air Swimming Pools of Britain by Janet Smith, and The Lido Guide by Emma Pusill and Janet Wilkinson. \"Several old lidos are scheduled to re-open this year in the UK, such as Cleveland Pools in Bath, Britain's oldest example,\" says Wood. \"Another in Hull should follow in 2023 and we can expect to see 20-30 new public outdoor pools by 2030, bringing the number of public lidos in Britain from around 130 to 160.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMunicipal pools, such as Moseley Road Baths, a handsome, Edwardian building lined with glazed brickwork in Balsall Heath, Birmingham, built in 1907, and Art Deco seawater lido Jubilee Pool in Penzance, Cornwall – so-called because it was opened in 1935 to celebrate the Silver Jubilee celebrations of King George V – were once impressive, large-scale amenities until they fell into disrepair. The former is being renovated; the latter has been fully refurbished.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220729-the-best-public-swimming-pools-around-the-world-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0cpyhjb"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Moseley","imageOrientation":"square","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220729-the-best-public-swimming-pools-around-the-world-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EMoseley Road Baths, an ornate building designed by William Hale and Son, almost closed a few years ago because costs to repair it were so exorbitant. The building had once served various practical functions including laundry washing and individual bathing at a time when many homes didn't have bathrooms. Over time, condensation and air-borne chemicals had caused decay in the cast-iron arches spanning the width of its largest bathing area – the 75ft by 35ft Gala Pool. However, they have been recently renovated by conservation architects Donald Insall Associates (also responsible for restoring the Ancient Roman thermal springs and Cleveland Pools, both in Bath).\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\"Friends of Moseley Road Baths was set up following a public outcry over plans to close the building,\" says Matthew Vaughan, the project's lead architect. \"They formed a coalition with Historic England, World Monuments Fund and Birmingham City Council, which jointly funded the repairs.\" The baths now offer activities serving the local community, including therapeutic-movement classes, yoga, language lessons, tai chi and crafts exhibitions. The baths have also been used for some time by the LGBTQ+ swimming group, Moseley Shoals.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBalconies flanking the pool have been repaired: \"The Roman baths we restored also had balconies,\" says Vaughan. \"At Moseley Road Baths these would have been used to spectate swimming competitions… and supervise swimming classes later in the 20th Century.\" Pointing out the origins of public bathing, he adds: \"In his Ten Books on Architecture, [Roman architect] Vitruvius wrote about public baths in Ancient Rome. The Romans constructed buildings that took advantage of natural hot springs and mastered the artificial engineering of water. Public bathing was common in Britain during the Roman occupation, for example at the baths in Bath.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EA bigger splash\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ENow the Romans' water-heating techniques are being adopted afresh in our environmentally conscious times, notably at Cornwall's Jubilee Pool, one of the largest seawater lidos in the UK: \"The drive to refurbish it was instigated in 2014 by Friends of the Jubilee Pool, a charity set up by locals, who raised £1.8m towards its renovation, with support from Cornwall Council, Penzance Council and EU funding,\" says Scott-Whitby.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220729-the-best-public-swimming-pools-around-the-world-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0cpyhmk"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Jubillee","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220729-the-best-public-swimming-pools-around-the-world-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\"The original pool's remarkable sweeping walls break the waves, but it had suffered from being exposed to gales over 80 years,\" says Alex Scott-Whitby, director of Scott Whitby Studio, the architects behind the refurbishment.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\"The Deco pool has a classic, seagull-wing shape and juts into the sea,\" says Susan Stuart, the Jubilee Pool's director. \"Old shelters on the Victorian promenade, on to which the pool was built, were utilised for kiosks, storage and a café kitchen. We wanted to keep that simplicity but desperately needed to modernise the lido and create more space. New glass buildings link the shelters in a light-touch, modern way, neither competing with nor seeking to ape the Art Deco form.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe restoration of the lido – and extension of its café and bar and addition of a community hall offering facilities such as art shows and fitness classes – are reviving its fortunes. \"Part of the pool is geothermally heated by drilling deep into the ground and extracting warm water from it,\" says Scott-Whitby. The idea for this heating method was suggested by local graphic designer Martin Nixon and his brother, Charles.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220729-the-best-public-swimming-pools-around-the-world-10"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"Lidos also appeal because people are pushing back against our digital age, and appreciating the sensual, experiential qualities of swimming – Michael Wood","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220729-the-best-public-swimming-pools-around-the-world-11"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\"It's the second geothermally-heated pool created in Britain; the first was the Roman one in Bath. It can be heated up to 35\u003Cstrong\u003E°\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003EC, allowing it to be used all year round. A similar pool is Blue Lagoon in Iceland. Jubilee Pool is likely to trailblaze other geothermally-heated seawater pools. Penzance is one of the [UK's] most deprived communities, and the pool is now seen as a form of regeneration, attracting more tourists to the area.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESusan Stuart adds: \"Year-round opening and renewed interest in cold-water swimming is supporting off-season growth, reducing seasonality in the local economy and bolstering employment prospects.\"   \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220729-the-best-public-swimming-pools-around-the-world-12"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0cpyh86"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Austen","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220729-the-best-public-swimming-pools-around-the-world-13"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EThe attraction of Jubilee Pool has been reinforced, says Scott-Whitby, by \"a huge interest in swimming and feeling of optimism post-pandemic\". Wood agrees: \"The pandemic made us appreciate what is local to us. Lidos also appeal because people are pushing back against our digital age and appreciating the sensual, experiential qualities of swimming.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAnother early 20th-Century seawater pool still in operation is Bondi Icebergs Club in Sydney, originally called The Icebergs Swimming Club and established in 1929 by lifeguards who wanted to maintain their fitness by swimming during the winter months. At the south end of Bondi Beach, it comprises a 50m-long adults' pool and a shallow, 25m-long childrens' pool (both unheated) – it's now open all year round. Other features include hot showers, a poolside restaurant, a sauna and a museum documenting its history. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn 1999, Icelandic practice Basalt Architects masterminded Blue Lagoon, a string of geothermally-heated pools integrated into a rugged, volcanic landscape, and in 2021 Guðlaug Baths, also in Iceland, which incorporates two pools, one heated geothermally by a hot spring. Another Icelandic practice, Úti og Inni Architects, created pool complex Árbæjarlaug Árbæja in 1993. \"This features an indoor pool – with a glazed dome that draws daylight in – which connects to an outdoor pool,\" says one of its architects, Baldur Ó Svavarsson. \"It also has a slide with water gushing down it, propelling those who ride it into a deep part of the pool to ensure no one is hurt. Another attraction is its hot tubs. Many people don't swim, and like to sit in the tubs and discuss politics.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ENatural springs also feed into Barton Springs Pool, a three-acre, artificial bathing pool with a limestone base built in the channel of a creek in Austin, Texas. The surrounding landscape boasts grassy slopes where swimmers can dry off after swimming or find shade in the many trees surrounding the pool.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThere is also an abundance of open-air pools in Copenhagen. Architects Bjarke Ingels Group designed the city's Harbour Bath, completed in 2003. Boasting pools of different depths, including a diving pool, it accommodates 600 people, and simulates a beach setting with its piers and boardwalk-like decking.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220729-the-best-public-swimming-pools-around-the-world-14"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0cpyhv2"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Bondi","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220729-the-best-public-swimming-pools-around-the-world-15"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EAnother riverside pool is Berlin's Baderschiff, located in the East Harbour of the city's River Spree. The pool is contained within the hull of an old ship – hence its name, which means bathing ship. This keeps it separate from the river water, which is too polluted to swim in. It was originally conceived as an artwork by artist Suzanne Lorenz in collaboration with architects AMP and Gil Wilk. Open from 8am to midnight, it's also a popular nightspot with a bar and DJs.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOne architectural practice with a strong focus on public pools is London-based Studio Octopi, whose introduction to working with communities on new outdoor swimming facilities came with the launch of Thames Baths in 2013. This proposed an experience as close as possible to swimming in a river. \"Our idea of naturally filtered river-water pools shrouded in reeds and rushes caught the imagination of the world's press and a crowdfunding campaign raised £142,000. But a site for it is yet to be found,\" says director Chris Romer-Lee.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOne of the studio's proposed projects is Swimmobile, the recreation of an originally US concept envisioning lorries with open-top containers driving into areas without access to water, a collaboration with artist Amy Sharrocks. \"Swimmobile gestures towards lost rivers under city streets,\" says Sharrocks. \"The idea is for it to bring a joyous splash to streets. My work is centred on collaboration and exchange, and the Swimmobile is a strong collaborative platform, an incitement to joy and deeper thinking about water. We are facing drastic water economies, but water is our great connector and supporter. The Swimmobile could host a summer season of swimming across six months each year, from May to October, or longer given the current vogue for winter swimming.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAnother proposal by Studio Octopi is to restore Grange Lido in Cumbria, an Art Deco, 50m-long seawater lido that closed in 1993. A community-led group, Save Grange Lido, is on the cusp of rescuing the site as a pool. If funds can be raised, it would be heated, and a new café, restaurant and community facilities would be incorporated within existing, extended pavilions.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220729-the-best-public-swimming-pools-around-the-world-16"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0cpygys"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220729-the-best-public-swimming-pools-around-the-world-17"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EAnd, thanks to a 10-year-long campaign, community group Friends of Tarlair has secured a 99-year lease on the Art Deco pavilion at Tarlair Lido in a scenic coastal spot near Aberdeen, Scotland, where there is a seawater, tidal pool. Studio Octopi has been granted consent for the full restoration of its Deco pavilion, which will house a new café with community workshops. A poorly constructed, 1970s extension has been replaced with a green stone-clad extension whose form is inspired by the pool's curves and the colour of surrounding gorse and granite-covered cliffs. The project is due to be completed in the summer of 2023.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ERomer-Lee has written a book on 70 of the world's finest, man-made tidal pools, called Sea Pools, to be published next year by Batsford. \"The sheer variety and staggering beauty of this pool typology is relatively under-researched,\" he says, seeing it as the start of a wider plan to build more of these pools. \"Where long tides mean troublesome swimming at low tide or where the coast is particularly dangerous due to its geology, tidal pools provide a safe haven for communities to access water. A thread that runs through all our work is the fundamental right to access water.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EIf you would like to comment on this story or anything else you have seen on BBC Culture, head over to our \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.facebook.com\u002Fpages\u002FBBC-Culture\u002F237388053065908\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003EFacebook\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E page or message us on\u003C\u002Fem\u003E \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftwitter.com\u002Fbbc_culture\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003ETwitter\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EAnd if you liked this story, \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fpages.emails.bbc.com\u002Fsubscribe\u002F\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003Esign up for the weekly bbc.com features newsletter\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E, called The Essential List. A handpicked selection of stories from BBC Future, Culture, Worklife and Travel, delivered to your inbox every Friday.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220729-the-best-public-swimming-pools-around-the-world-18"}],"collection":["culture\u002Fpremium-collection\u002Fthe-collection"],"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2022-08-02T00:00:00Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","headlineLong":"The best public swimming pools around the world","headlineShort":"The best public pools around the world","image":["p0cpyhv2"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Bondi","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[{"Content":{"Description":"Apple News Publish: Select to publish, remove to unpublish. (Do not just delete or unpublish the story)","Name":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Entity":"option","Guid":"13f4bc85-ae27-4a34-9397-0e6ad3619619","Id":"option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","ModifiedDateTime":"2022-02-27T22:52:24.455144Z","Project":"wwverticals","Slug":"option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1"},"Urn":"urn:pubpipe:wwverticals:option:option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","_id":"62df7f2643d9f457224cbb67"}],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"culture","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"bondi","promoImage":["p0cpyhv2"],"relatedStories":null,"relatedTag":["tag\u002Fdesign"],"summaryLong":"From Bondi to Berlin and Copenhagen to Cornwall, swimming pools – particularly outdoor ones – are always in demand. Dominic Lutyens and explores the pool's past, present and future.","summaryShort":"A swim is the perfect summer pastime – here are some of the best pools","tag":["tag\u002Fdesign"],"textToSpeech":false,"creationDateTime":"2022-08-01T23:30:34.230337Z","entity":"article","guid":"eaaede61-8a3f-4c2e-90ad-9fb286f32c7c","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220729-the-best-public-swimming-pools-around-the-world","modifiedDateTime":"2022-08-01T23:30:34.230337Z","project":"wwverticals","slug":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220729-the-best-public-swimming-pools-around-the-world","cacheLastUpdated":1659430088838},"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220729-11-of-the-best-tv-shows-to-watch-in-august":{"urn":"urn:pubpipe:wwverticals:article:culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220729-11-of-the-best-tv-shows-to-watch-in-august","_id":"62e709ae43d9f4570f24c738","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":["culture\u002Fauthor\u002Famy-charles"],"bodyIntro":"Game of Thrones gets a prequel, Industry returns, and Steve Carell stars as a therapist held captive by a serial killer. Amy Charles lists August's unmissable releases.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"infographic","image":["p0cpxtzh"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Still from House of the Dragon","imageOrientation":"landscape","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220729-11-of-the-best-tv-shows-to-watch-in-august-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E1. House of the Dragon\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESince the series ended, TV journalists and fans alike have pondered the question: what will be the next Game of Thrones? The next epic fantasy saga with enormous international success, creating water-cooler moments every week? The answer could just be: more Game of Thrones. House of the Dragon – based on George RR Martin's Fire & Blood – is set 200 years before Game of Thrones, and tells the story of the House Targaryen, the silvery-haired dragon keepers. It stars The Crown's Matt Smith and Wanderlust's Emma D'Arcy as rivals to the Iron Throne, currently occupied by Paddy Considine (Dead Man's Shoes), with the rest of the cast including Steve Toussaint (Prince of Persia), Olivia Cooke (Ready Player One) and Rhys Ifans (The Amazing Spider-Man). \"It's powerful, it's visceral, it's dark, it's like a Shakespearean tragedy,\" \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.hollywoodreporter.com\u002Ftv\u002Ftv-features\u002Finside-house-of-the-dragon-trailer-cast-1235182776\u002F\"\u003EGeorge RR Martin told The Hollywood Reporter\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. Showrunner Miguel Sapochnik told THR that the show has \"pulled back\" on the amount of sex on screen, but that although there is still violence against women, they've approached it \"carefully, thoughtfully … It shouldn't be downplayed and it shouldn't be glorified\". \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.youtube.com\u002Fwatch?v=DotnJ7tTA34\"\u003EWatch the trailer for House of the Dragon here\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EHouse of the Dragon premieres on 21 August on HBO and HBO Max in the US, and on 22 August on Sky and Now in the UK and Ireland\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220729-11-of-the-best-tv-shows-to-watch-in-august-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0cpxw4c"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Ryan Reynolds and Rob McElhenney","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220729-11-of-the-best-tv-shows-to-watch-in-august-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E2. Welcome to Wrexham\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn 2020, something unexpected happened in the small Welsh town of Wrexham: Ryan Reynolds and Rob McElhenney, two major Hollywood actors, bought their football team. Wrexham AFC are the oldest professional football club in Wales, the third oldest in the world, and currently play in fifth-tier competition, The National League. \"It's an underdog story,\" \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.youtube.com\u002Fwatch?v=C9hLsktkGfA\"\u003EReynolds says in the trailer\u003C\u002Fa\u003E for this new documentary series following the pair's acquisition of the club, as they learn the ropes and reality of owning a professional football team, with the eyes of an incredibly dedicated community of supporters on them. With the enormous cult success of Ted Lasso, there couldn't be a better time to tell a real-life story of North Americans parachuting into British professional football, but this time there are real lives, real hopes and real money all at stake.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWelcome to Wrexham premieres on 24 August on FX and Hulu in the US, and on 25 August on Disney+ in the UK\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220729-11-of-the-best-tv-shows-to-watch-in-august-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0cpxv9k"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Still from The Sandman","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220729-11-of-the-best-tv-shows-to-watch-in-august-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E3. The Sandman\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ENeil Gaiman's epic, best-selling graphic novel, The Sandman, has long been considered unfilmable. Huge names have taken a stab at it, but none have succeeded, until now. \"They were trying to make a 3,000-page story happen in two hours of film time,\" \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.co.uk\u002Fnews\u002Fentertainment-arts-62287218\"\u003EGaiman told BBC News\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. \"And nobody ever cracked that because it was uncrackable.\" It's a complicated story, but essentially Tom Sturridge (On the Road) leads as the titular Sandman, also known as Dream or Morpheus, who must journey across multiple worlds and timelines to make amends for previous mistakes, after being held captive for a century. Featuring a bumper star-studded cast, including Gwendoline Christie, Jenna Coleman, Boyd Holbrook, Stephen Fry, Patton Oswalt, Kirby Howell-Baptiste, David Thewlis and Vivienne Acheampong, Netflix will be banking on this grown-up fantasy wooing subscribers. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.youtube.com\u002Fwatch?v=83ClbRPRDXU\"\u003EWatch the trailer for The Sandman here\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe Sandman is released on 5 August on Netflix\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220729-11-of-the-best-tv-shows-to-watch-in-august-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0cpxvkr"],"imageAlignment":"right","imageAltText":"Still from She-Hulk: Attorney at Law","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220729-11-of-the-best-tv-shows-to-watch-in-august-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E4. She Hulk: Attorney at Law\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe latest of Disney+'s Marvel TV series is introducing to the small screen yet more superheroes comic fans may recognise with She Hulk: Attorney at Law. Tatiana Maslany (Orphan Black) is Jennifer Walters, a lawyer who specialises in legal cases with a superhuman angle. She has particular expertise in these affairs, as she can turn into a 6ft 7in-tall Hulk, having accidentally been contaminated with the blood of her cousin, Bruce Banner (Mark Ruffalo). \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.etonline.com\u002Fshe-hulk-attorney-at-law-breaks-new-ground-for-the-mcu-watch-an-exclusive-clip-188046\"\u003EMaslany told the recent Comic-Con in San Diego\u003C\u002Fa\u003E that it's Marvel's \"first true half-hour comedy\", so expect lots of laughs as this 30-something lawyer grapples with the everyday realities of love, life and friends, all while becoming a superhero. Tim Roth's Abomination returns to the MCU, and regular Benedict Wong also appears, with Jameela Jamil (The Good Place), Jon Bass (Super Pumped) and Renée Elise Goldsberry (Hamilton) joining the cast. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.youtube.com\u002Fwatch?v=GI0kFVWCVYc\"\u003ESpeaking to StageRightSecrets at Comic-Con, Maslany said\u003C\u002Fa\u003E: \"I was nervous to step into it, but when I read the pilot script that Jessica Gao wrote, it was just so funny and so weird, and really unexpected. And I was like 'if this weren't a Marvel thing, I would still want to audition'.\" \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.youtube.com\u002Fwatch?v=u7JsKhI2An0\"\u003EWatch the trailer for She Hulk: Attorney at Law here\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EShe Hulk: Attorney at Law premieres on 17 August on Disney+\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220729-11-of-the-best-tv-shows-to-watch-in-august-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0cpxtdc"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Still from Bad Sisters","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220729-11-of-the-best-tv-shows-to-watch-in-august-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E5. Bad Sisters\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWhat are the lengths a tight-knit group of sisters would go to in order to protect one another? In new dark comedy Bad Sisters, the lengths are pretty far indeed. Starring Sharon Horgan, alongside Anne-Marie Duff, Eva Birthistle, Sarah Greene and Eve Hewson, as five sisters who are investigated for life-insurance fraud after one of their husbands – played by Claes Bang – dies mysteriously. In the trailer, we see Bang being physically and mentally abusive towards his wife, and the gang of siblings plotting how to get rid of him. It's a thrilling premise, and if \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.youtube.com\u002Fwatch?v=IZUrhfCl0Xc\"\u003Ethe trailer\u003C\u002Fa\u003E is anything to go by – along with Horgan's previous work – expect laughs, tears and an unflinching look at pain.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe first two episodes of Bad Sisters are released on 19 August on Apple TV+, with the rest following weekly thereafter\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220729-11-of-the-best-tv-shows-to-watch-in-august-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0cpxthx"],"imageAlignment":"left","imageAltText":"Still from Five Days at Memorial","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220729-11-of-the-best-tv-shows-to-watch-in-august-10"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E6. Five Days at Memorial\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESeventeen years ago, Hurricane Katrina devastated New Orleans. Memorial Medical Center, one of the city's hospitals, was badly damaged by the storm, and doctors and nurses inside were forced to make some harrowing decisions. Adapted from the book by Sheri Fink, who won the Pulitzer Prize for her \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F2009\u002F08\u002F30\u002Fmagazine\u002F30doctors.html\"\u003ENew York Times Magazine article covering this story,\u003C\u002Fa\u003E Five Days at Memorial chronicles the decisions made by the workers on the frontline of the storm, and the aftermath of these choices. John Ridley, the Oscar-winning screenwriter of 12 Years a Slave, and Carlton Cuse, joint showrunner of Lost, are the team behind this limited series, which stars Vera Farmiga (Up in the Air) as Dr Anna Pou, with Cornelius Smith Jr (Scandal) and Cherry Jones (Succession) just some of the ensemble cast. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.youtube.com\u002Fwatch?v=Az81r01YwLw\"\u003EWatch the trailer for Five Days at Memorial here\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe first three episodes of Five Days at Memorial are released on 12 August on Apple TV+, with the rest following weekly thereafter\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220729-11-of-the-best-tv-shows-to-watch-in-august-11"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0cpxw0r"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Still from The Girl in the Mirror","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220729-11-of-the-best-tv-shows-to-watch-in-august-12"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E7. The Girl in the Mirror\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESupernatural Spanish-language thriller The Girl in the Mirror (titled Alma in Spain) looks set to be a spine-tingling addition to any summer watch list. Alma (Mireia Oriol) wakes up in hospital, after a tragic bus accident which killed nearly all her classmates, with no memory of the accident, or her past. She is plagued by night terrors and visions, but as she pieces together her life, are her experiences a side-effect of trauma, and healing – or could they be something more sinister? Created by Sergio G Sánchez, writer of Marrowbone and The Orphanage, the rest of the cast includes Álex Villazán (Swimming Pool), Pol Monen (Amar) and Claudia Roset (Skam). \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.designscene.net\u002F2022\u002F07\u002Fmireia-oriol-dscene.html\"\u003ESpeaking to Design Scene magazine, Oriol said\u003C\u002Fa\u003E shooting the show \"has been the most extreme, beautiful, and intense moment of my life… The show is something very different from what you have seen before.\" Mysterious! \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.youtube.com\u002Fwatch?v=4Ef0tjANAiE\"\u003EWatch the trailer for The Girl in the Mirror here\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe Girl in the Mirror is released on 19 August on Netflix\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220729-11-of-the-best-tv-shows-to-watch-in-august-13"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0cpxv46"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Still from Industry","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220729-11-of-the-best-tv-shows-to-watch-in-august-14"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E8. Industry\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EHit banking drama Industry is back for a second series, and finance never looked so thrilling. The pandemic has happened, and the team at Pierpoint's London office are forced back to the office – and must prove their worth to the bosses, with the threat of a merger hanging over their heads. The graduates at the centre of the story have a lot more experience this time around, so there's nowhere to hide if things go wrong in their increasingly blurred private and professional lives. The four central youngsters are back, so expect more scene stealing from Harper (Myha'la Herrold), more high drama from Yas (Marisa Abela), more reverence and self-reflection from Robert (Harry Lawtey) – and more mystery from Gus (David Jonsson), whose fate was left in the balance at the end of season one. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.gq.com\u002Fstory\u002Fgq-hype-industry-myhala-herrold-marisa-abela\"\u003EGQ called Industry\u003C\u002Fa\u003E \"the first great Gen Z workplace drama,\" and \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20200326-the-best-tv-shows-of-2020-so-far\"\u003EBBC Culture named it one of the best shows of 2020\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, so expectations are high for more sex, drugs and spreadsheets. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.youtube.com\u002Fwatch?v=qkBKq2O2d5g\"\u003EWatch the trailer for series two of Industry here.\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIndustry premieres on 1 August on HBO and HBO Max in the US, and will be released on BBC One and iPlayer in the UK this autumn\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220729-11-of-the-best-tv-shows-to-watch-in-august-15"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0cpxv86"],"imageAlignment":"right","imageAltText":"Still from Mo","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220729-11-of-the-best-tv-shows-to-watch-in-august-16"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E9. Mo\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EStand-up comedian Mo Amer has long performed comedy about his identity as a Palestinian refugee who grew up in Texas. Now he's created a semi-autobiographical comedy series about it. He plays Mo Najjar, who is adapting to life in Houston, Texas, trying to secure US citizenship as a refugee, and reconciling two cultures all at once. Co-created and executive produced by Ramy Youssef (Ramy, Mr Robot), the show also stars Teresa Ruiz (Narcos: Mexico), Omar Elba (A Hologram for the King) and Farah Bsieso (Daughters of Abdul-Rahman). \"It's very much based on my life,\" \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.thedailybeast.com\u002Fmo-amer-talks-standing-by-dave-chappelle-and-confronting-eric-trump\"\u003EAmer told The Daily Beast\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. \"Basically, it's a refugee in America, trying to work under the table while working through the bureaucracy and telling the story of someone that's been in America for 25 years and is still waiting for his citizenship.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMo is released on 24 August on Netflix\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220729-11-of-the-best-tv-shows-to-watch-in-august-17"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0cq7p29"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Steve Carell","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220729-11-of-the-best-tv-shows-to-watch-in-august-18"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E10. The Patient\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFrom Joe Weisberg and Joel Fields, the creator and producer of critically acclaimed show The Americans, comes new psychological thriller The Patient. The 10-episode series stars Steve Carell as Alan Strauss, a therapist who is taken prisoner by patient Sam Fortner (Domhnall Gleeson). The captor then reveals himself to be a serial killer who took the therapist captive to request treatment for his homicidal tendencies. With episodes only running at 30 minutes, expect punchy, action-filled thrills, as Alan helps Sam understand his compulsions, while beginning to understand himself. Carell is best known for his comedic work, so a serious role straight off the back of the release of the latest Minions film will let this seasoned actor flex his chops on prestige TV, following his stand-out acting in The Morning Show. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.youtube.com\u002Fwatch?v=LpmMxXfBn-Y\"\u003EWatch the trailer for The Patient here\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe first three episodes of The Patient are released on 30 August on FX on Hulu in the US, with the rest following weekly thereafter\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003ELove film and TV? Join \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.facebook.com\u002Fgroups\u002F440074069852291\u002F\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003EBBC Culture Film and TV Club\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E on Facebook, a community for cinephiles all over the world.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EIf you would like to comment on this story or anything else you have seen on BBC Culture, head over to our \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.facebook.com\u002Fpages\u002FBBC-Culture\u002F237388053065908\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003EFacebook\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E page or message us on \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftwitter.com\u002Fbbc_culture\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003ETwitter\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EAnd if you liked this story, \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fpages.emails.bbc.com\u002Fsubscribe\u002F\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003Esign up for the weekly bbc.com features newsletter\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E, called The Essential List. A handpicked selection of stories from BBC Future, Culture, Worklife and Travel, delivered to your inbox every Friday\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220729-11-of-the-best-tv-shows-to-watch-in-august-19"}],"collection":null,"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2022-08-01T00:00:48Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","headlineLong":"10 of the best TV shows to watch in August","headlineShort":"10 TV shows to watch this August","image":["p0cpxvbq"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Still from The Sandman","isSyndicated":false,"latitude":"","longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[{"Content":{"Description":"Apple News Publish: Select to publish, remove to unpublish. (Do not just delete or unpublish the story)","Name":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Entity":"option","Guid":"13f4bc85-ae27-4a34-9397-0e6ad3619619","Id":"option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","ModifiedDateTime":"2022-02-27T22:52:24.455144Z","Project":"wwverticals","Slug":"option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1"},"Urn":"urn:pubpipe:wwverticals:option:option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","_id":"62df7f2643d9f457224cbb67"}],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"culture","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"Still from House of the Dragon","promoImage":["p0cpxtvh"],"relatedStories":null,"relatedTag":null,"summaryLong":"Game of Thrones gets a prequel, Industry returns, and Steve Carell stars as a therapist held captive by a serial killer. Amy Charles lists August's unmissable releases.","summaryShort":"Featuring a new Game of Thrones saga and an 'unfilmable' fantasy","tag":["tag\u002Ftelevision"],"textToSpeech":false,"creationDateTime":"2022-07-31T23:00:44.949464Z","entity":"article","guid":"571e2f29-d5a6-4f45-a624-a69b871282bd","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220729-11-of-the-best-tv-shows-to-watch-in-august","modifiedDateTime":"2022-08-01T16:45:03.758937Z","project":"wwverticals","slug":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220729-11-of-the-best-tv-shows-to-watch-in-august","cacheLastUpdated":1659430088838},"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220728-10-of-the-best-films-to-watch-this-august":{"urn":"urn:pubpipe:wwverticals:article:culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220728-10-of-the-best-films-to-watch-this-august","_id":"62e3151943d9f46da86e5884","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":["culture\u002Fauthor\u002Fnicholas-barber"],"bodyIntro":"This summer's unmissable releases include Brad Pitt on a bullet train, Jane Fonda as a dragon and Idris Elba as a djinn, writes Nicholas Barber.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"infographic","image":["p0cpp40y"],"imageAlignment":"right","imageAltText":"Still from My Old School","imageOrientation":"landscape","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220728-10-of-the-best-films-to-watch-this-august-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E1. \u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMy Old School\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWhen 16-year-old Brandon Lee transferred to a new school near Glasgow in 1993, everyone there noticed something unusual about him. Some even thought he might be living a double life. But no one imagined the scale of the deception that would eventually come to light. In Jono McLeod's documentary, Lee's former classmates and teachers tell his bizarre story – and if you don't want to know the ending, don't Google his name. Lee himself didn't want to appear on screen, so his testimony is lip-synced by Alan Cumming (The Good Wife), and flashbacks to the 1990s are rendered as animated cartoons. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.vox.com\u002F22911301\u002Fbest-documentaries-sundance-2022-streaming\"\u003EAlissa Wilkinson at Vox\u003C\u002Fa\u003E says the results are \"flat-out fun… like listening to a bunch of friends tell you about the wildest memory they share\".\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EReleased on 19 August in UK & Ireland\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220728-10-of-the-best-films-to-watch-this-august-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0cpp3vb"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Still from Luck","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220728-10-of-the-best-films-to-watch-this-august-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E2.  \u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ELuck\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn the first full-length film from Skydance Animation, Tony Award-nominee Eva Noblezada provides the voice of Sam, \"the unluckiest person in the world\". Having grown up in the care system, she hopes to nab some extra good luck for a fellow foster child, and finds her way to a realm where magical creatures – including a black cat voiced by Simon Pegg and a dragon voiced by Jane Fonda – manipulate the human race's fortunes. It may sound faintly sinister, but the director, Peggy Holmes, promises that Luck is full of \"positivity and inspiration\". Talking to \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.animationscoop.com\u002Finterview-luck-is-on-director-peggy-holmes-side\u002F\"\u003EJackson Murphy at Animation Now, she says\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, \"We've all been through a really hard time together in the world. People really want to sit back, relax, and really be inspired to just keep going. When those bad luck days come, just keep going because there are some good luck ones coming, too.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EReleased on 5 August on Apple TV+ worldwide\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220728-10-of-the-best-films-to-watch-this-august-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0cpp403"],"imageAlignment":"left","imageAltText":"Still from Mack and Rita","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220728-10-of-the-best-films-to-watch-this-august-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E3. Mack & Rita\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFrom Freaky Friday to Big, 13 Going on 30 to 17 Again, lots of comedies have imagined young minds zapping into older bodies, and vice versa. But the new film from Katie Aselton (The Freebie, Black Rock) puts a fresh spin on the formula, by ageing up, rather than using teens and adults. Written by Paul Welsh and Madeline Walter, Mack & Rita features a 30-year-old author (Elizabeth Lail) who has always felt that she was a 70-year-old woman on the inside. After going to a new-age workshop in Palm Springs, she is magically transformed into a 70-year-old woman on the outside, too. In her new identity (Diane Keaton in an all-too-rare lead role), she is a happy, relaxed \"glammy granny\" social-media influencer, but can that make up for losing 40 years of her life?\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EReleased on 12 August in the US, Canada and Spain\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220728-10-of-the-best-films-to-watch-this-august-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0cpp324"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Still from Bullet Train","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220728-10-of-the-best-films-to-watch-this-august-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E4. Bullet Train\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EDavid Leitch was Brad Pitt's stunt double on Troy, Fight Club and Mr and Mrs Smith, and has since become the director of such ridiculously-fun action movies as Hobbs & Shaw, Atomic Blonde and Deadpool 2. And now the two old buddies have teamed up for Leitch's latest shooting-and-punching-fest: Bullet Train. Pitt plays an assassin who is sent by his handler (Sandra Bullock) to grab a briefcase from one of the passengers on a Japanese train, but little does he know that the train is full of other shady characters (Brian Tyree Henry, Aaron Taylor-Johnson, Zazie Beetz, Michael Shannon). Adapted from a novel by Kōtarō Isaka, Bullet Train \"is the kind of summer popcorn movie that knows it's a summer popcorn movie,\" \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Few.com\u002Fmovies\u002Fbullet-train-director-david-leitch-brad-pitt-summer-preview\u002F\"\u003Esays Nick Romano at EW.\u003C\u002Fa\u003E \"But because it's Leitch at the helm, the action is sharp, slick, dynamic, and always advancing the story.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EReleased on 3 August in the UK and 5 August in the US\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220728-10-of-the-best-films-to-watch-this-august-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0cpp2vr"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Still from Blind Ambition","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220728-10-of-the-best-films-to-watch-this-august-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E5. Blind Ambition\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThis intoxicating Australian documentary, directed by Robert Coe and Warwick Ross, has such a perfect underdog story that it would seem far-fetched in a Hollywood comedy. Its four heroes are all refugees who fled from Zimbabwe to South Africa, and found work as waiters, then as sommeliers, before eventually forming Zimbabwe's first-ever competitive wine-tasting team. Their next stop is Burgundy in France, for \"the Olympics of wine tasting\". Open a bottle of your favourite rosé and enjoy. \"While there is a focus on the road to the championship and the outcome of the competition,\" \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Flwlies.com\u002Ffestivals\u002Fblind-ambition-first-look-review\u002F\"\u003Esays Jojo Ajisafe in Little White Lies\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, \"the real joy of Blind Ambition is watching the strength and ambition in the team. How they not only changed the lives of themselves and their families, but also exposed the world to the untapped talent present in Zimbabwe.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EReleased on 12 August in the UK and Ireland, and 2 September in the US\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220728-10-of-the-best-films-to-watch-this-august-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0cpp37y"],"imageAlignment":"left","imageAltText":"Still from Emily the Criminal","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220728-10-of-the-best-films-to-watch-this-august-10"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E6. Emily The Criminal\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EEmily (Aubrey Plaza) is indeed a criminal. In John Patton Ford's darkly-satirical urban thriller, she gets involved in a low-level credit card scam organised by Youcef (Theo Rossi), and builds up to bigger, more violent crimes from there. But maybe, just maybe, her wrongdoings are understandable. Ford makes the case for Emily that with $70,000 in student loans to pay off, and patronising bosses offering her nothing but unpaid internships, she is short of other options. The film is \"an entertaining and sharp-edged look at the world in which so many millennials find themselves,\" \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.vox.com\u002F22911302\u002Fbest-movies-sundance-2022-streaming\"\u003Esays Alissa Wilkinson at Vox\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, \"saddled with enormous debt, a lousy job market, an exploitative gig economy, and the sinking feeling that nothing’s going to get better if you don’t escape the system\".\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EReleased on 12 August in the US and Canada\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220728-10-of-the-best-films-to-watch-this-august-11"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0cpp3c7"],"imageAlignment":"right","imageAltText":"Still from The Feast","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220728-10-of-the-best-films-to-watch-this-august-12"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E7. T\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Ehe Feast\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThere aren't many folk-horror movies in which the characters all speak Welsh, but The Feast, directed by Lee Haven Jones, would be worth tucking into whichever language it was in. The setting is a swanky dinner party in the Welsh countryside. A politician (Julian Lewis Jones) hopes to charm some local farmers into letting a mining company onto their land. But their waitress for the evening, the mysterious Cadi (Annes Elwy), has another outcome in mind. \"With delicate sleight of hand,\" \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fmoviefreak.com\u002Ffeast-2021-movie-review\u002F#.YuAJ9-zMK0d\"\u003Esays Sara Michelle Fetters at MovieFreak\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, \"the filmmaker examines issues relating to classism, climate change, wealth inequality, sexism and so much more with deliciously malevolent precision. Jones also does not skimp on the blood and gore, the resulting mixture of social commentary and ghoulish mystical terror beautifully upsetting on a primal level.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EReleased on 19 August in the UK\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220728-10-of-the-best-films-to-watch-this-august-13"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0cpp43z"],"imageAlignment":"right","imageAltText":"Still from Three Thousand Years of Longing","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220728-10-of-the-best-films-to-watch-this-august-14"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E8. Three Thousand Years of Longing\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESeven years on from the turbo-charged \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20150514-does-mad-max-take-it-to-the-max\"\u003EMad Max: Fury Road\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, George Miller is back at last with another film – and the contrast could hardly be greater. In place of bloodthirsty survivalists racing around post-apocalyptic Australia, we have a demure English academic (Tilda Swinton) at a literature conference in Istanbul. A djinn (Idris Elba) materialises in her hotel room and offers her three wishes, but the academic has read enough myths to know that wishes tend to backfire, so the djinn tries to charm her with fabulous tales from his past. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20220521-three-thousand-years-of-longing-review-an-eccentric-fantasy\"\u003EMiller's romantic fantasy\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, which premiered at Cannes, is a long way from Mad Max territory, but there is a thread connecting the two films. \"Like Mad Max: Fury Road before it,\" \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.thewrap.com\u002Fthree-thousand-years-of-longing-review-george-miller\u002F\"\u003Esays Ben Croll at The Wrap\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, \"Three Thousand Years of Longing is another kind of blockbuster that tries to lead by example, a big-budget fantasia that argues there are more imaginative and original ways for Hollywood to employ its tools.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EReleased on 31 August in the US and Canada\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220728-10-of-the-best-films-to-watch-this-august-15"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0cpp2yg"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Still from Bodies Bodies Bodies","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220728-10-of-the-best-films-to-watch-this-august-16"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E9. Bodies Bodies Bodies\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThis \"Agatha Christie-style Gen-Z slasher farce\" is \"one of the horror highlights of the year\", \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nerdly.co.uk\u002F2022\u002F06\u002F17\u002Fsundance-london-2022-bodies-bodies-bodies-review\u002F\"\u003Esays Matthew Turner at Nerdly\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. Amandla Stenberg and Maria Bakalova (from \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20201021-borat-2-review-fascinating-and-urgently-satirical\"\u003EBorat Subsequent Moviefilm\u003C\u002Fa\u003E) play a young couple who go to a hipster house party at a rich friend's mansion. Late at night, the twenty-somethings play a game of \"bodies bodies bodies\", in which the murderer \"kills\" his victims by touching them. But then, of course, someone actually gets killed. Halina Reijn, the film's director, satirises our resentments, insecurities and social-media obsessions – but also delivers a cunningly-plotted murder mystery. \"In short, Bodies Bodies Bodies is a thoroughly entertaining, deliciously twisted horror farce that demands to be seen with as big an audience as possible,\" says Turner. \"Agatha Christie herself would be proud.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EReleased on 5 August in the US, 12 August in Canada and 9 September in the UK\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220728-10-of-the-best-films-to-watch-this-august-17"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0cpp3km"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Still from I Came By","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220728-10-of-the-best-films-to-watch-this-august-18"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E10. I Came By\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EPlaying a rather different character from the ones he's known for in \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20190909-film-review-downton-abbey\"\u003EDownton Abbey\u003C\u002Fa\u003E and \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20141125-film-review-paddington\"\u003EPaddington\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, Hugh Bonneville co-stars in I Came By as a snooty high-court judge named Sir Hector Blake. Starring alongside him is George MacKay, who plays a Banksy-like graffiti artist whose speciality is to sneak into the homes of Britain's wealthiest aristocrats and do some unauthorised redecorating. But when he is in Sir Hector's London town house, he uncovers a dark secret that puts his life in danger. Directed and co-written by the Bafta-winning Babak Anvari, this Netflix crime thriller promises \"classic Hitchcockian suspense via contemporary themes of establishment privilege and corruption\".\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EReleased on 19 August in cinemas in the UK and Ireland, and 31 August on Netflix internationally\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003ELove film and TV? Join \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.facebook.com\u002Fgroups\u002F440074069852291\u002F\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EBBC Culture Film and TV Club\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E on Facebook, a community for cinephiles all over the world.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EIf you would like to comment on this story or anything else you have seen on BBC Culture, head over to our \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.facebook.com\u002Fpages\u002FBBC-Culture\u002F237388053065908\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EFacebook\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E page or message us on \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftwitter.com\u002Fbbc_culture\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ETwitter\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EAnd if you liked this story, \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fpages.emails.bbc.com\u002Fsubscribe\u002F\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Esign up for the weekly bbc.com features newsletter\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, called The Essential List. A handpicked selection of stories from BBC Future, Culture, Worklife and Travel, delivered to your inbox every Friday\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220728-10-of-the-best-films-to-watch-this-august-19"}],"collection":["culture\u002Fcolumn\u002Ffilm"],"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2022-07-29T00:00:06Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","headlineLong":"10 of the best films to watch this August","headlineShort":"10 films to watch this August","image":["p0cpp35y"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Still from Bullet Train","isSyndicated":false,"latitude":"","longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[{"Content":{"Description":"Apple News Publish: Select to publish, remove to unpublish. (Do not just delete or unpublish the story)","Name":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Entity":"option","Guid":"13f4bc85-ae27-4a34-9397-0e6ad3619619","Id":"option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","ModifiedDateTime":"2022-02-27T22:52:24.455144Z","Project":"wwverticals","Slug":"option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1"},"Urn":"urn:pubpipe:wwverticals:option:option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","_id":"62df7f2643d9f457224cbb67"}],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"culture","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":null,"relatedStories":null,"relatedTag":["tag\u002Ffilm-reviews"],"summaryLong":"This summer's unmissable releases include Brad Pitt on a bullet train, Jane Fonda as a dragon and Idris Elba as a djinn, writes Nicholas Barber.","summaryShort":"Including a Welsh folk-horror and Brad Pitt on a bullet train","tag":null,"textToSpeech":false,"creationDateTime":"2022-07-28T23:00:23.922257Z","entity":"article","guid":"75b6555a-9258-4431-86e0-e3236bc69dfb","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220728-10-of-the-best-films-to-watch-this-august","modifiedDateTime":"2022-07-28T23:00:23.922257Z","project":"wwverticals","slug":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220728-10-of-the-best-films-to-watch-this-august","cacheLastUpdated":1659430088839},"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220727-how-rural-horror-deliverance-set-a-controversial-trend":{"urn":"urn:pubpipe:wwverticals:article:culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220727-how-rural-horror-deliverance-set-a-controversial-trend","_id":"62e1c39643d9f457050cc32b","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":["culture\u002Fauthor\u002Fadam-scovell"],"bodyIntro":"John Boorman's film about an outward-bound trip gone wrong was one of the most unnerving of the 1970s. Fifty years on, Adam Scovell talks to Boorman and explores its meaning.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EBased on James Dickey's best-selling novel, Deliverance (1972) marked a highpoint in the work of British director Sir John Boorman. Having made the successful jump to Hollywood several years before, Boorman directed some of the strongest films of the period. In particular, Point Blank (1967) and Hell in the Pacific (1968) confirmed him as a director of note in the 1960s. Boorman went on to have a highly successful career, his  films littered with prizes, while he received a Bafta fellowship in 2004 and, earlier this year, a knighthood. Yet Deliverance, released in the US 50 years ago this weekend, is the work that stands out in his varied and accomplished catalogue of work, not simply for its qualities but as one of the most controversial and unnerving films of the 1970s.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EWarning: this article contains offensive language\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMore like this:\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E – \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20220704-frenzy-at-50-the-most-violent-film-hitchcock-ever-made\"\u003EHitchcock's most controversial thriller\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E– \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20220623-full-metal-jacket-and-kubrick-the-ultimate-anti-war-films\"\u003EThe ultimate anti-war films\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E – \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20190702-midsommar-and-the-blinding-terror-of-daylight-horror\"\u003EThe blinding terror of 'daylight horror'\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIt centres on four city boys on an outdoor weekend around the fictional Cahulawassee River (really Georgia's Chattooga River) in the Appalachian mountains. Lewis (Burt Reynolds) is the group’s natural leader, determined to take the other three away from their more usual golf courses to face the forces of nature. The river and its surrounding area are about to be flooded for a dam. Ed (Jon Voight) looks up to Lewis' machismo, while Bobby (Ned Beatty) and Drew (Ronny Cox) are perplexed and amused by the trip, as well as ignorant of the dangers of the landscape and condescending to the local mountain community. They drop off their cars and take to the water, in spite of warnings about the perilous rapids. What follows for the four men is a brutal weekend of survival, not simply facing off against the landscape, but also several locals, who are far from welcoming.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220727-how-rural-horror-deliverance-set-a-controversial-trend-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0cp91gb"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220727-how-rural-horror-deliverance-set-a-controversial-trend-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EDeliverance shows Boorman's skill as a director, achieving his usual visual flair but with a decidedly more disturbing subject matter. The film is remembered for two sequences especially: one of \"duelling banjos\" in which Drew and a local boy (Billy Redden) conjure up an impromptu duet between banjo and guitar, and an infamous scene where Bobby is sexually assaulted and ordered to \"squeal like a pig\".\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFifty years on, Boorman tells BBC Culture that the film was a challenging one to make from the off, recalling how the studio Warner Bros was uncertain about its content. \"It was a pleasurable location and a good cast,\" he says, \"but the studio was beating me over the head to reduce the budget. They really didn't want to make the film in the end. They got cold feet about the rape in particular. Studios, when they don't want to make film, reduce your budget hoping you'll go away. They finally reduced it to $2m and I still made it with a profit in the end.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJust like the characters of his film, Boorman exhibits a streak of defiant determination in the face of adversity, even today, aged 89, having retired from filmmaking after 2014's Queen and Country. \"It's a tough world making movies,\" he says with an undeniable fondness. \"If you want to fight for your ideas and principles, it's tough. But we did it.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EDeliverance stands as a powerful exploration of the harshness of the rural landscape, one with an ecological message that still resonates; that the destruction of the natural world has consequences for everyone. But the other aspect, one that has provoked a more divided response over the years, is its portrayal of \"local\" folk. In many ways, it defined a very particular branch of US cinema – one that became particularly popular in the 1970s, and expressed an abject fear of those who lived outside of cities.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EPeople vs landscape\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe link between place and people is incredibly important in Deliverance. In fact, it's arguably the main driver of the division between the central urbanite quartet and the many country folk, or \"mountain men\", who appear. Boorman explores his characters initially through their relationship to topography before delving deeper. The locals seem to be a part of the landscape while the vacationers are outsiders wanting to conquer it for their own personal ends; a common theme of what is often labelled the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20200915-the-twisted-horror-of-the-american-south\"\u003ESouthern Gothic\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. The genre first came to prominence in literature of the 20th Century, with authors such as William Faulkner and Tennessee Williams. Moving on to the big screen, filmmakers ran with its visual and atmospheric potential in films ranging from Charles Laughton's The Night of the Hunter (1955) and J Lee Thompson's Cape Fear (1962) to Don Siegel's The Beguiled (1971). Filmmakers made the most of the genre's dark and Gothic portrayal of the Southern States; highlighting in particular an almost surreal grotesquery they saw as embedded in the Deep South.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220727-how-rural-horror-deliverance-set-a-controversial-trend-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"It was really about men living in a city suddenly experiencing nature in all its terror. That was what people identified with – John Boorman","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220727-how-rural-horror-deliverance-set-a-controversial-trend-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EDr Bernice Murphy, a researcher from Trinity College Dublin who specialises in the Southern Gothic, believes Deliverance to be a good example of what the genre does, especially with regards to people and place. \"The Southern Gothic generally depicts the region as a place that has been left behind by the rest of the United States,\" she tells BBC Culture, \"and which is dangerously in thrall to the self-aggrandising myths of the Old South. Deliverance is a superb example of the Southern Gothic meets backwoods horror narrative: the Georgia wilderness is here depicted as a place set apart from the rest of the world.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFrom the very beginning, the four vacationers are shown in contrast to the local people in virtually every conceivable way. Whereas the mountain folk have vehicles rusted to the point of collapse, the men travel in brand new cars, including an appropriately named Ford Country Squire. The car's name alone hints at their naivety. Boorman highlights how the contrast between the men and the environment drove the film's drama. \"It was really about men living in a city suddenly experiencing nature in all its terror,\" he says. \"That was what people identified with.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220727-how-rural-horror-deliverance-set-a-controversial-trend-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0cp90k2"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220727-how-rural-horror-deliverance-set-a-controversial-trend-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EIf Deliverance has anything to say about the mountain folk, however, it is to not underestimate them. The drama comes precisely from the complacent attitude of the urban dwellers in ignoring the advice of wiser locals. One of the very first locals they encounter tells them to forget their trip, if only because of the river's perils: the irony of the film, of course, is that the river hurts and eventually kills more effectively than the mountain men who attack them. When Drew is swept under by its currents, there's an uncertainty as to whether he was shot before he fell and drowned, later shown to not be the case. Even the hardy Lewis is mangled by the river's rocks rather than at the hands of a mountain man.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWhen it comes to the film's most infamous moment, the brutal and seemingly random sexual assault, the two particular mountain men involved could be seen as manifestations of the land defending itself from those about to destroy it. There's something almost fantastical about the horrifying scene, its randomness given no real narrative explanation. \"Damming a river is almost like a sin against nature,\" Boorman suggests when discussing the film's ecological content. \"To almost kill the flow of a river and turn it into still water is a horrible thing to do. But we do it.\" It's a sin that, within the film's metaphorical framework, Bobby in particular pays the price for.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220727-how-rural-horror-deliverance-set-a-controversial-trend-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"The men's attackers could on one level be seen as a kind of manifestation of the anger felt by the landscape – Dr Bernice Murphy","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220727-how-rural-horror-deliverance-set-a-controversial-trend-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EEarlier in the film, Lewis uses the loaded word \"rape\" to describe what is happening to the land as diggers seen from afar prepare the damming project that will submerge the forest underwater and force local residents to move (\"We're gonna rape this whole goddamned landscape. We're gonna rape it.\"). Murphy notes that this acts as a horrible premonition of what is to come. \"The attackers here could on one level be seen as a kind of manifestation of the anger felt by the landscape, their sexual assault of Bobby a brutal riposte to the 'rape' of the landscape mentioned in the film's opening voice-over.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EEven many years on, that scene in particular still causes consternation for some local residents. For the film's 40th anniversary in 2012, CNN journalist \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fedition.cnn.com\u002F2012\u002F06\u002F22\u002Fus\u002Fdeliverance-40-years\u002F\"\u003ERich Phillips\u003C\u002Fa\u003E revisited the Rabun County area in North-East Georgia used for filming to discuss Deliverance with various residents and some of its surviving cast. The response was still mixed. As the local county commissioner Stanley Darnell told Phillips, \"We were portrayed as ignorant, backward, scary, deviant, redneck hillbillies… That stuck with us through all these years and in fact that was probably furthest from the truth. These people up here are a very caring, lovely people.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn spite of this, the response at the time in the region was in fact generally positive, as Boorman remembers it. \"The locals were very helpful. I kept in touch with several of them. They were really great and helped in all sorts of ways. The film was a great success and the locals were proud of having been involved in a film that was so successful. So there was a sense of loyalty there.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOverall, it's interesting that the two violent mountain men define the perception of the film, when other \"locals\" are much more sympathetically drawn. When the surviving three protagonists finally make it to the end of their trail, they find the people they encountered at the beginning of the film have been true to their word and driven their cars downriver for them. Indeed, the inhabitants of the area are helpful to them, even though it transpires that Ed may have killed an innocent local man, mistaking him for the surviving attacker from the earlier assault.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EIts powerful legacy\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EDespite this, it was the two violent mountain men that left their mark on US cinema. The classic urban\u002Frural divide that Deliverance foregrounded was one that would reoccur throughout US cinema in the years that followed, and in even more consciously terrifying forms, through many films in what constituted the \"hillbilly horror\" and “backwoods horror” sub-genres.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220727-how-rural-horror-deliverance-set-a-controversial-trend-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0cp90tx"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220727-how-rural-horror-deliverance-set-a-controversial-trend-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EEven if the landscapes are decidedly different, it's not too difficult to see the same underlying blueprint at play in movies like Tobe Hooper’s The Texas Chainsaw Massacre (1974) and Wes Craven’s The Hills Have Eyes (1977). Both deal with outsiders entering the rural outback and finding communities embedded within it who don't take kindly to being disturbed. Though the violence and characterisation is decidedly turned up to 11 – as is the wont in more out-and-out horrors like these – the continuity with Deliverance is undoubtedly there.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn hindsight, Deliverance and its successors can be seen as a response to the counter-culture trend that developed within the US during the 1960s for mostly middle-class people to leave the city and head into the country in order to drop out of the rat race. These 1970s films were satirising what they saw as the naïveté of such Back-to-the-Land-ism, which remained a popular tonic against the enveloping consumerism and violent globalism of the US, as 60s optimism gave way to 70s pessimism.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMore specifically, the outward-bound-trip-gone-wrong also became a popular trope in North American thrillers and horrors that followed over the next decade, from William Grefé’s Whiskey Mountain (1977) to Peter Carter’s Rituals (1977) and Walter Hill's Southern Comfort (1981), and many, many more. Most lack the overall quality of drama found in Boorman’s film, however, and certainly few matched its breathless tension and adrenaline-fuelled action. One thing Deliverance benefited from, in the dramatic stakes, was being shot in sequence, a rarity in Hollywood. \"It was a great experience as it was probably the only time in my career that I shot the film in sequence,\" says Boorman, \"That was a great help for the actors, too, as they didn't have to keep going back and forth.\" The decision paid off, and Jon Voight ended up with a Golden Globe nomination for his performance, while Boorman was nominated for a best director Oscar.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220727-how-rural-horror-deliverance-set-a-controversial-trend-10"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"I had a man ready to rescue the four lead actors all the time and they thankfully managed to stay alive – John Boorman","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220727-how-rural-horror-deliverance-set-a-controversial-trend-11"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EInterestingly, Deliverance had some positive real-world effects on the area where it was filmed. In spite of the portrayal of the landscape as brutal and the locals as unforgiving, tourism boomed in Georgia in the years following its release, and its action sequences kick-started the area's craze for white-water rafting, now a multimillion-dollar industry, no doubt because aspiring daredevils were thrilled by the very real sense of jeopardy it conveyed. Indeed, Jon Voight's stunt double Claude Terry went on to buy some of the actual rafting equipment used in the film and founded the oldest white-water rafting company in the local area, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fsoutheasternexpeditions.com\u002Fabout-us\u002Fwhy-we-are-called\u002F\"\u003ESoutheastern Expeditions\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWhile all four leads had stunt doubles, the real actors did their fair share of dangerous filming on the water too. \"I had four good guys, who were very brave,\" Boorman recalls of filming the river sequences with his cast. \"I had a man ready to rescue them all the time and they thankfully managed to stay alive. Ned Beatty said he could have overturned the canoe and gone under. He said, 'How will John finish the film without me if I drown?' And then his second thought was 'That fucker \u003Cem\u003Ewill\u003C\u002Fem\u003E find a way to do it without me!'\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\"There was a genuine danger in the rafting scenes,\" he adds. \"I wanted the men to experience the real situations. It was a joyous thing to go down the rapids and face that danger.\" The scenes were genuine enough to effectively advertise the landscape to future thrill seekers.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThis is the ultimate irony of Deliverance: for all that it made the Appalachians a source of horror, it genuinely brought a thriving tourism to the area of Rabun Country. In their 2012 story, CNN \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fedition.cnn.com\u002F2012\u002F06\u002F22\u002Fus\u002Fdeliverance-40-years\u002F\"\u003Ereported that\u003C\u002Fa\u003E a quarter of a million people visit the rapids each year just as Lewis and his friends did on that cursed weekend in 1972. Thankfully, however, the locals today are friendlier than a few of those met on that fateful trip downriver.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003ELove film and TV? Join \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.facebook.com\u002Fgroups\u002F440074069852291\u002F\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EBBC Culture Film and TV Club\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E on Facebook, a community for cinephiles all over the world.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EIf you would like to comment on this story or anything else you have seen on BBC Culture, head over to our \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.facebook.com\u002Fpages\u002FBBC-Culture\u002F237388053065908\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EFacebook\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E page or message us on \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftwitter.com\u002Fbbc_culture\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ETwitter\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EAnd if you liked this story, \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fpages.emails.bbc.com\u002Fsubscribe\u002F\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Esign up for the weekly bbc.com features newsletter\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, called The Essential List. A handpicked selection of stories from BBC Future, Culture, Worklife and Travel, delivered to your inbox every Friday\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220727-how-rural-horror-deliverance-set-a-controversial-trend-12"}],"collection":["culture\u002Fcolumn\u002Ffilm"],"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2022-07-28T00:00:00Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","headlineLong":"How masterly horror Deliverance set a controversial trend","headlineShort":"The film that demonised rural America","image":["p0cp90vk"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[{"Content":{"Description":"Apple News Publish: Select to publish, remove to unpublish. (Do not just delete or unpublish the story)","Name":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Entity":"option","Guid":"13f4bc85-ae27-4a34-9397-0e6ad3619619","Id":"option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","ModifiedDateTime":"2022-02-27T22:52:24.455144Z","Project":"wwverticals","Slug":"option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1"},"Urn":"urn:pubpipe:wwverticals:option:option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","_id":"62df7f2643d9f457224cbb67"}],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"culture","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":null,"relatedStories":null,"relatedTag":null,"summaryLong":"John Boorman's film about an outward-bound trip gone wrong was one of the most unnerving of the 1970s. Fifty years on, Adam Scovell talks to Boorman and explores its meaning.","summaryShort":"50 years on, how backwoods thriller Deliverance left a controversial legacy","tag":["tag\u002Ffilm-history"],"textToSpeech":false,"creationDateTime":"2022-07-27T23:00:21.29634Z","entity":"article","guid":"4219954c-0063-49c2-862e-2b6e9157eeb0","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220727-how-rural-horror-deliverance-set-a-controversial-trend","modifiedDateTime":"2022-07-28T10:11:44.856386Z","project":"wwverticals","slug":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220727-how-rural-horror-deliverance-set-a-controversial-trend","cacheLastUpdated":1659430088839},"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220726-our-toxic-love-affair-with-plastic-and-how-we-can-fix-it":{"urn":"urn:pubpipe:wwverticals:article:culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220726-our-toxic-love-affair-with-plastic-and-how-we-can-fix-it","_id":"62e0723043d9f46d8f2073c0","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":["culture\u002Fauthor\u002Fcath-pound"],"bodyIntro":"When it first emerged in design, plastic embodied progress, glamour and convenience. But at what cost, asks Cath Pound – and what's next?","businessUnit":"public service","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EIt is impossible to underestimate the enormous impact that plastic has had on our daily lives over the past century or so. The expansion of global communications, the electrification of our homes and space exploration would have all been unthinkable without it. The streamlined aesthetic of the 1930s and the futuristic shapes of the 60s would have taken very different forms. Yet a product once associated with progress and revolutionary design potential is now considered toxic, polluting our oceans and causing untold damage to marine and human health. In the exhibition \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.design-museum.de\u002Fen\u002Fexhibitions\u002Fdetailpages\u002Fplastic.html\"\u003EPlastic: Remaking Our World\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, the Vitra Design Museum explores how plastic became so omnipresent, and encourages us to think about more considerate production and use. The Stedelijk Museum in Amsterdam is also addressing the issue in \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.stedelijk.nl\u002Fen\u002Fexhibitions\u002Fits-our-fing-backyard-2\"\u003EIt's Our F***ing Backyard\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, which looks at products already on the market as well as experimental works.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMore like this:\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E-          \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20220207-what-the-nordics-can-teach-us-about-having-fun\"\u003EWhat the Nordics can teach us about fun\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E-          \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20211215-why-the-tiny-house-movement-is-big\"\u003EWhy the tiny house is perfect for now\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E-          \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20210714-what-your-sneakers-say-about-you\"\u003EWhat your sneakers say about you\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EGiven the impact of plastic on the current global climate crisis, it may come as a surprise that its earliest forms were actually created in order to protect nature. \"They were all to be substitutes for natural materials that had become either scarce and\u002For expensive, or the harvesting or extraction of which really posed a threat to nature,\" explains Jochen Eisenbrand, chief curator at the Vitra Design Museum. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220726-our-toxic-love-affair-with-plastic-and-how-we-can-fix-it-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0cp2m0c"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Pallo chair","imageOrientation":"portrait","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220726-our-toxic-love-affair-with-plastic-and-how-we-can-fix-it-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003ECelluloid, for example, was initially invented as an alternative to ivory, which was in high demand for billiard balls during the 19th Century. The fact that it was also remarkably flexible and transparent when produced in thin strips meant that it went on to radically impact the photographic industry, leading to the development of photographic film and, ultimately, motion pictures.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220726-our-toxic-love-affair-with-plastic-and-how-we-can-fix-it-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"Featured in films and on the covers of numerous magazines, the spherical Pallo chair became one of the most iconic designs of the 1960s","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220726-our-toxic-love-affair-with-plastic-and-how-we-can-fix-it-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EBakelite was the first truly synthetic material, invented in 1907 by Leo Bakeland. \"One of the reasons it became so popular so quickly was its electrical insulating properties,\" Eisenbrand tells BBC Culture. \"The 1920s was the beginning of the electrification of households, and that would have been unthinkable without a fairly cheap, industrial material that could be used for light switches, sockets and of course the early electric appliances that appeared such as radios, telephones and loud speakers.\".\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThis early plastic industry was very much a demand-driven one. However, as the understanding of polymer science expanded in the 1920s and 30s, chemists at major petrochemical companies began to create new materials from by-products, simply because they could, leading to the appearance of substances such as polystyrene, polyvinyl, nylon, and Teflon. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe outbreak of World War Two was the catalyst for the plastic industry to expand. With a need to conserve strategic materials such as rubber, silk, and steel, the plastics industry was leaned on for alternatives. Nylon was used for parachutes, mosquito nets and hammocks. Polyethylene proved to be both lightweight and an excellent insulator of electrical current, making it the ideal material for mobile radar stations light enough to be carried in aircraft, while the acrylic glass which had been created in the 1930s was used in the canopies of planes, being less harmful to pilots if it shattered.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220726-our-toxic-love-affair-with-plastic-and-how-we-can-fix-it-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0cp2jb0"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Panasonic toot-a-loop radio","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220726-our-toxic-love-affair-with-plastic-and-how-we-can-fix-it-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EFrom 1939 to 1945, plastic production quadrupled from around 100 million kg per year to almost 400 million kg per year in the US. After the war, this newly-thriving industry with a vastly increased production capacity saw no reason to scale back, and the peace-time consumer was its obvious target. With the petrochemical industry now a major player, \"it changed from this demand-driven industry to supply driven,\" says Eisenbrand. \"Every year new plastics were invented without the industry knowing what to do with it, so they employed designers to find applications.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe idea of a \"wipe-clean world\" entered the vocabulary, with formica counters and vinyl wallpapers being hygienic and easily cleaned. The refrigerators that were entering more and more homes could be filled with Tupperware containers, while children could play with Barbie, Lego, the hula hoop and the frisbee. Vinyl records replaced the easily fractured shellac discs. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn the 60s, the space race inspired fashion designers such as Paco Rabanne and Pierre Cardin to use fabrics derived from plastics in their futuristic designs. These fabrics would also play a vital role in the first manned mission to the moon, with the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Ffuture\u002Farticle\u002F20191219-the-women-who-sewed-the-suits-for-the-space-race\"\u003EApollo spacesuit\u003C\u002Fa\u003E made up of more than 20 synthetic textiles, including nylon, Lycra, Neoprene, Mylar and Teflon. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFurniture designers made increasing use of this miraculous, malleable material that offered seemingly endless potential. Finnish designer Eero Aarnio came up with the spherical, swivelling Pallo Chair, a personal cocoon which came fitted with its own Ericsson phone. Featured in films and on the covers of numerous magazines, it became one of the most iconic designs of the 1960s.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220726-our-toxic-love-affair-with-plastic-and-how-we-can-fix-it-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0cp2mkg"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Life magazine photo","imageOrientation":"portrait","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220726-our-toxic-love-affair-with-plastic-and-how-we-can-fix-it-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EAlthough more and more plastic was entering the marketplace, at this point it was still generally used in products that were intended to be kept for many years. The real problems began when, in a cynical search for new markets, the plastics industry came up with the idea of \"disposables\".\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220726-our-toxic-love-affair-with-plastic-and-how-we-can-fix-it-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"In the 1960s, there was this really positive vibe about plastics, and now we find this positive spirit in the many attempts to try to tackle the problem – Jochen Eisenbrand","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220726-our-toxic-love-affair-with-plastic-and-how-we-can-fix-it-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\"The future of plastics is in the trash can,\" declared Lloyd Stouffer, editor of Modern Packaging magazine, in 1956. Although a generation that came of age during the depression – and had endured wartime austerity – initially reacted with horror to the idea of simply throwing something away (it was not uncommon for people to keep and re-use the plastic cups from early coffee vending machines), the idea of convenience soon took hold of the public imagination. And then, in 1973, Du Pont engineer Nathaniel Wyeth patented the first plastic bottle created from polyethylene terephthalate, commonly known as PET. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ERising to the challenge\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe disposable culture that this one item, in particular, has come to symbolise has undoubtedly tarnished the image of plastics to such an extent that it is easy to forget the material still has \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Ffuture\u002Farticle\u002F20220711-do-single-use-plastic-bans-work\"\u003Emany positive uses\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. An essential component in much medical equipment, its lightness also means that when used in aircraft production it helps to reduce fuel consumption.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe organisers of Plastic: Remaking Our World freely acknowledge the naivety of thinking that we will ever live in a world without plastics. Instead, they highlight the urgent need to recognise precisely where the material is essential, while simultaneously reducing – and ultimately eliminating – its use where it is not. The constructive re-use of plastics already in circulation, and the development of alternatives, must also form part of the equation.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFortunately, many designers and manufacturers appear to be rising to the challenge. \"In the 60s, there was this really positive vibe about plastics because of everything they  enabled, and now we find this positive spirit in the many attempts to try to tackle the problem. So many designers are doing material research. Scientists are working with enzymes that can break down plastics, manufacturers are taking action, not only for the greenwashing but because they know there is a problem, and that they need to act,\" says Eisenbrand.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220726-our-toxic-love-affair-with-plastic-and-how-we-can-fix-it-10"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0cp2mpg"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Stedelijk exhibition","imageOrientation":"square","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220726-our-toxic-love-affair-with-plastic-and-how-we-can-fix-it-11"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EThis positive vibe is in evidence at the Stedelijk's exhibition which, in addition to experimental products and projects, is exhibiting items already on the market to highlight the role individuals can play in tackling the crisis via their purchasing choices. \"We can talk about really big industry and what we have to change, but for us it was also important that visitors and consumers can think about what small changes they can make,\" says curator Amanda Pinatih.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMany of the products on view make thoughtful and inventive use of recycled plastics. The Ocean Bottle is not only made out of recycled plastic bottles recovered from the sea, its sale also funds the collection of more bottles by local people in coastal areas. Aiming to tackle environmental awareness at an early age, the ecoBirdy range of chairs and tables for children are made out of recycled toys, which are still recognisable in the new products. Furniture for adults also tackles the problem, such as the Rex chair designed by Ineke Hans for the office manufacturer Ahrend, which is made from old office furniture, fishing nets, carpet and industrial waste. To guarantee that the product is recycled as far as possible at the end of its life, the producer offers to give owners 20 euros if they return it, making it possibly the world's first deposit chair. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe bigger the manufacturer, the bigger the impact. Ikea uses recycled PET plastic in everything from cushion stuffing to a simple series of storage boxes that the museum is displaying. \"They know they haven't been great for the environment but they also know they have a really big platform – so they know that if they change, it can really make a difference,\" says Pinatih. Likewise, Adidas is aiming to make trainers as sustainable as possible with its Made to be Remade line. The trainers can be returned to the shop when they are worn out, and then shredded in order to provide material for the next batch of footwear. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EDesigners are also increasingly making use of alternatives to widely-used plastics. A surfboard by Studio Bart Vernooij is made from flax fibre and bio-based epoxy instead of the usual toxic fibreglass and synthetic resins, while Biotrem makes disposable tableware as environmentally friendly as it can possibly be. Created from pressed wheat bran and water, 10,000 fully compostable items can be produced from a single ton of wheat.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMany designers are also turning to historic techniques in order to provide sustainable goods for the future. Martijn Straatman has been exploring the potential of manure, once commonly used in the construction of buildings, to create environmentally-friendly interior products, and the museum is displaying one of his stools. Pinatih dismisses fears that such material could be off-putting. \"It's a really fun design, and at least here in the Netherlands people try to find humour in things a lot – it's a real conversation starter,\" she says.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220726-our-toxic-love-affair-with-plastic-and-how-we-can-fix-it-12"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0cp2mzk"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Jagua glass","imageOrientation":"portrait","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220726-our-toxic-love-affair-with-plastic-and-how-we-can-fix-it-13"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EExperimental projects that use bioplastics are also on display, and Pinatih thinks some have real potential, such as the interior panels created by the architect and designer Mae-Ling Lokko. Made from repurposed agricultural waste and fungal mycelium, not only are the products eco-friendly but her practice also aims to counter the exploitation of land and its inhabitants.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIt is clear that targeting our problem with plastic consumption is going to involve a multi-pronged attack that combines innovation with pragmatism, and requires the participation of consumers as well as scientists and designers. Let's hope these two exhibitions will encourage more to join the battle. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.design-museum.de\u002Fen\u002Fexhibitions\u002Fdetailpages\u002Fplastic.html\"\u003EPlastics: Remaking Our World\u003C\u002Fa\u003E is at the Vitra Design Museum, Weil am Rhein, until 4 September, and then at \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.vam.ac.uk\u002Fdundee\u002Fexhibitions\u002Fplastic\"\u003EV&A Dundee \u003C\u002Fa\u003Efrom 29 October to 5 February 2023. \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.stedelijk.nl\u002Fen\u002Fexhibitions\u002Fits-our-fing-backyard-2\"\u003EIt's Our F***ing Backyard\u003C\u002Fa\u003E is at the the Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam, until 4 September. \u003Cbr \u002F\u003E\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EIf you would like to comment on this story or anything else you have seen on BBC Culture, head over to our \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.facebook.com\u002Fpages\u002FBBC-Culture\u002F237388053065908\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EFacebook\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E page or message us on\u003C\u002Fem\u003E \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftwitter.com\u002Fbbc_culture\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ETwitter\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EAnd if you liked this story, \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fpages.emails.bbc.com\u002Fsubscribe\u002F\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Esign up for the weekly bbc.com features newsletter\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E, called The Essential List. A handpicked selection of stories from BBC Future, Culture, Worklife and Travel, delivered to your inbox every Friday.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220726-our-toxic-love-affair-with-plastic-and-how-we-can-fix-it-14"}],"collection":["culture\u002Fpremium-collection\u002Fdesigned"],"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2022-07-27T00:00:00Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","headlineLong":"The downsides of a 'wipe-clean world'","headlineShort":"The downsides of a 'wipe-clean world'","image":["p0cp2h3n"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Plastics","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[{"Content":{"Description":"Apple News Publish: Select to publish, remove to unpublish. (Do not just delete or unpublish the story)","Name":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Entity":"option","Guid":"13f4bc85-ae27-4a34-9397-0e6ad3619619","Id":"option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","ModifiedDateTime":"2022-02-27T22:52:24.455144Z","Project":"wwverticals","Slug":"option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1"},"Urn":"urn:pubpipe:wwverticals:option:option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","_id":"62df7f2643d9f457224cbb67"}],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"culture","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"Plastics","promoImage":["p0cp2h3n"],"relatedStories":null,"relatedTag":["tag\u002Fsustainability"],"summaryLong":"When it first emerged in design, plastic embodied progress, glamour and convenience. But at what cost, asks Cath Pound – and what's next?","summaryShort":"When it first emerged, plastic embodied progress and glamour – but at what cost?","tag":["tag\u002Fsustainability"],"textToSpeech":false,"creationDateTime":"2022-07-26T23:00:47.687146Z","entity":"article","guid":"28af60db-37ac-44c7-ab7b-9aeb16ba88d8","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220726-our-toxic-love-affair-with-plastic-and-how-we-can-fix-it","modifiedDateTime":"2022-07-30T09:29:04.522739Z","project":"wwverticals","slug":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220726-our-toxic-love-affair-with-plastic-and-how-we-can-fix-it","cacheLastUpdated":1659430088839},"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220601-the-mysterious-ancient-civilisation-that-resonates-now":{"urn":"urn:pubpipe:wwverticals:article:culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220601-the-mysterious-ancient-civilisation-that-resonates-now","_id":"62df7ec443d9f4573c15b133","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":["culture\u002Fauthor\u002Fbeverley-dsilva"],"bodyIntro":"Why does the first great Greek civilisation continue to inspire artists and designers today? Beverley D'Silva explores the Hellenistic revival and its roots with the ancient Minoans of Crete.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp class=\"Body\"\u003ECorinthian columns; sculptures of goddesses and god-like figures; sun-baked buildings bleached bone white; geraniums planted in olive-oil cans; the obligatory cats lolling about – If you're dreaming of all things Greek, you're not alone. We're in the midst of a \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbusiness.pinterest.com\u002Fen-gb\u002Fpinterest-predicts\u002F2022\u002Fhellenistic-revival\u002F\"\u003EHellenistic revival\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, a fascination with the Ancient Greek aesthetic that's being most keenly embraced by the post-millennial Gen Z, according to Pinterest. The site reports a rise in trending search terms searches such as Ancient Greek jewellery (up 120%) and wallpaper with an Aphrodite aesthetic (up 180%), and a triple increase in Greek statue art.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"Body\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E More like this:\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"Default\"\u003E-          \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20220513-what-defines-cultural-appropriation\"\u003EWhat defines cultural appropriation\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"Default\"\u003E-          \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20220511-how-nature-and-extreme-wilding-can-re-boot-our-minds\"\u003EEight nature books to change your life\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"Default\"\u003E-          \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20220503-the-homes-that-bring-nature-indoors\"\u003EHow the 'new naturalists' live\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"Default\"\u003EWe can but speculate as to why this should this be, but perhaps there's truth in the idea that the fantasy and opulence of magical Ancient Greece is highly attractive in a post-lockdown age – just as Dior's \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20190129-the-formidable-women-behind-the-legendary-christian-dior\"\u003ENew Look\u003C\u002Fa\u003E marked a return to indulgent fashion following World War Two's austerity and utilitarian clothing.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220601-the-mysterious-ancient-civilisation-that-resonates-now-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0cb8t2d"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Interior","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220601-the-mysterious-ancient-civilisation-that-resonates-now-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp class=\"Default\"\u003EIt's no surprise that the influence and impact of Ancient Greece resonates today. As defined by \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.britannica.com\u002Fplace\u002Fancient-Greece\"\u003EBritannica\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, the phrase refers to the northeastern Mediterranean region in the era between \"the end of the Mycenaean civilisation (1200BC) and the death of Alexander the Great (323BC)\", when it was one of the most important places in the world, according to \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmedia.nationalgeographic.org\u002Fassets\u002Ffile\u002FAncient_Greece_posters_1_Part1.pdf\"\u003ENational Geographic\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. The people of Hellas – as the lands of the Hellenes were called (the names Greece and Greek were conferred on them later by the Romans) were great thinkers, writers, warriors, actors, athletes, artists and politicians.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"Default\"\u003ERoderick Beaton in his history book \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.theguardian.com\u002Fbooks\u002F2021\u002Fdec\u002F10\u002Fthe-greeks-by-roderick-beaton-review-a-global-history\"\u003EThe Greeks\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, writes that the Greek civilisations were the \"origin of much of the arts, science, politics and law as we know them throughout the developed world today\".\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"Default\"\u003EThink Aristotle in his studies of plants, animals and rocks; Herodotus in writing history; Socrates and Plato in philosophy. The Greeks pioneered democracy; reading with an alphabet; the Olympics; geometry and mathematical calculations; health innovations (the Hippocratic oath is still a standard of ethics for physicians); great architecture, like the Parthenon, Temple of Zeus and Acropolis; theatre, care of Greek comedy and tragedy; and language – with an estimated 150,000 English words still in use being derived from Greek words.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"Default\"\u003EAll this before we've touched on religion and deities. For sheer fantasy value, what can beat the idea of a family of superpowers – such as Zeus, Hera, Aphrodite, Athena, Apollo and Poseidon – dwelling in a cloud palace above Mount Olympus, each controlling a different aspect of life? For some, such as Eric Weiner, author of The Socrates Express, a treatise on the ancients' philosophy and travel, the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fonezero.medium.com\u002Fwhy-this-is-happening-in-the-21st-century-1806e9af17b8\"\u003EAncient Greeks have a lot to teach us\u003C\u002Fa\u003E about values today. In an essay on how technology can deceive us, especially in relation to war reporting, he writes: \"One way to build a brighter future is by revisiting the past. Ancient Greece in particular.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220601-the-mysterious-ancient-civilisation-that-resonates-now-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0cb8v21"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Knossos fresco of bull","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220601-the-mysterious-ancient-civilisation-that-resonates-now-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp class=\"Default\"\u003EWeiner adds: \"The Greeks, imperfect as they were, honoured beauty and justice and moral excellence, and so they cultivated these values. We honour speed and connectivity and portability, so that is what we get.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"Default\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EThe first great Greek civilisation\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"Default\"\u003EHowever if the Ancient Greeks were high-achievers, they stood on the shoulders of giant civilisations that went before them, such as the Mycenaeans, whose story was told by Homer in the epic stories the Illiad and Odyssey. But arguably more fascinating, and certainly more mysterious, are the mighty Minoans. The first great Greek civilisation and the first literate one in Europe, the Minoans dwelt on Crete, the largest and most populated of the Greek islands, from 2200 to 1450BC. They were an \"advanced civilisation\" that lived in a \"land of prosperity and plenty\" writes Beaton.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220601-the-mysterious-ancient-civilisation-that-resonates-now-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"Finds at the ancient city of Knossos revealed a civilisation of highly sophisticated seafarers, who made exquisite jewellery, pottery, sculpture and frescoes","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220601-the-mysterious-ancient-civilisation-that-resonates-now-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp class=\"Default\"\u003EThe Minoans came to light when the ancient city of Knossos on Crete was discovered in 1878 by Minos Kalokairinos, a native of the island and an amateur archeologist. It wasn't excavated until 1900, when the British archeologist Sir Arthur Evans bought the site. He and his team worked for 35 years on five acres of ruins, unveiling the Minoan palace complex, Europe's oldest city. Finds revealed a civilisation, which Evans named after the island's King Minos, of highly sophisticated seafarers, who invented advanced drains, porches and verandas to protect them from the elements, and made exquisite jewellery, pottery, sculpture and frescoes painted with animals such as dolphins and bulls.  \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"Default\"\u003EWhen news of the Minoans hit the press, it drew keen interest from scholars and artists globally. In 1933, the philosopher Georges Bataille and artist André Masson, both French, launched their avant-garde arts magazine, Minotaure. A mythological animal, part-bull, part-man, the minotaur dwelt in a labyrinth designed by Daedalus and his son Icarus, on the command of King Minos; the creature featured in their work, and that of Max Ernst, André Breton, and Pablo Picasso, who made many artworks of it. The minotaur's physical power and sexual energy, and its links to the unconscious, were aspects Picasso is said to have strongly related to himself.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220601-the-mysterious-ancient-civilisation-that-resonates-now-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0cb9t5q"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Knossos fresco of dolphins","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220601-the-mysterious-ancient-civilisation-that-resonates-now-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp class=\"Body\"\u003EFashion was fascinated by Minoan chic too: in 1912, Spanish fashion and textile designer Mariano Fortuny created a silk scarf titled Knossos, inspired by Ancient Cretan costumes, which made his name. The textiles of fashion designer Yannis Tseklenis, a big international brand, featured ancient Greek vases and Byzantine manuscripts; while Gianni Versace's bold, Hellenistic designs were a signature style, and became synonymous with 1970s and 80s Greek decadence. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"Body\"\u003EGiven the Minoans' influence on creatives, why do we seem to know less about them than other ancient civilisations? Nicoletta Momigliano, Professor of Aegean Studies at the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fresearch-information.bris.ac.uk\u002Fen\u002Fpersons\u002Fnicoletta-momigliano\"\u003EUniversity of Bristol\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, tells BBC Culture that one reason is \"the Minoan civilisation was relatively circumscribed geographically, being found within the Aegean and Eastern Mediterranean regions – so they didn't have the same geographical spread as the Romans, for example\". \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"Body\"\u003EShe adds: \"Also the Minoans' systems of writing – Linear A and Cretan Pictographic – have not been fully deciphered, and we do not know much about the languages they used. We have some written documents and can understand some of their content, but not much.\" It's difficult to decipher these texts, she says, because \"unless you have something like the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.britishmuseum.org\u002Fcollection\u002Fegypt\u002Fexplore-rosetta-stone\"\u003ERosetta Stone\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, you need to have lots of documents, just as when you decipher codes, as they did at Bletchley Park during the Second World War\".\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"Body\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E'Power, beauty and darkness'\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"Default\"\u003EBut of all the finds at the Knossos ruins, one that caused the biggest sensation was the figures of the snake goddess. Found in 1903, the larger figure has a snake twining around its body and arms; a smaller figure holds snakes in each of her upraised hands. Both have bared breasts and bell-shaped skirts, said to suggest fertility and nature, while the snakes evoke the underworld.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220601-the-mysterious-ancient-civilisation-that-resonates-now-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0cb8tqj"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Snake goddess figure","imageOrientation":"portrait","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220601-the-mysterious-ancient-civilisation-that-resonates-now-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp class=\"Default\"\u003EAccording to the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fheraklionmuseum.gr\u002Flanguage\u002Fen\u002Fhome\u002F\"\u003EHeraklion Archaeological Museum\u003C\u002Fa\u003E in Crete, where they're on permanent display, the snake goddesses are \"the most important cult objects from the Knossos Temple repositories\". They also beg the question: was ancient Crete a matriarchy? Kelly Macquire, in a podcast for \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.worldhistory.org\u002FMinoan_Civilization\u002F\"\u003EAncient History Encyclopaedia\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, says: \"Women were prominent in Minoan religion, more than any other civilisation, and we know this because of the snake goddess statues that have been found in Minoan contexts, and the prominence of priestesses in Minoan art\".\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"Default\"\u003EBeaton, commenting on Crete's ancient palaces (of which Knossos was the biggest), writes: \"It is possible the greatest deity of them all is the lithe-waisted, bare-breasted goddess often represented on top of a pinnacle of rock, while wild animals or male humans gaze at her in adoration\". It's unclear whether the island was ruled by women but he adds: \"It is a striking fact the Greeks of the classical age reserved prime positions for dominant females in their \u003Cem\u003Estories, \u003C\u002Fem\u003Ewhile largely excluding women from public roles or positions of authority in real life,\" he writes, and lists the myths that \"are full of powerful, feisty women\", such as Clytemnestra, Electra, Medea, Medusa and Minos's \"insatiable queen Pasiphae\", while adding some had \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20220518-how-fear-sex-and-power-shaped-ancient-mythology\"\u003Etheir monstrous sides\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"Default\"\u003EThe snake goddess figures have beguiled artists, including US feminist artist Judy Chicago. Her artwork, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.brooklynmuseum.org\u002Fexhibitions\u002Fdinner_party\u002F\"\u003EThe Dinner Party\u003C\u002Fa\u003E (1974-79) is a conceptual piece in the shape of a triangle-shaped table, measuring almost 15 metres on each side, with 39 place settings, each representing a mythical, legendary or historical woman. One of the settings is a homage to the snake goddess, with its table runner embroidered with her name. According to the website of the Brooklyn Museum in New York City, where the work is a long-term installation, the design and colours of the setting's dinner plate, and that of its cutlery and chalice, are \"largely based on the Cretan snake goddesses statues\". \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220601-the-mysterious-ancient-civilisation-that-resonates-now-10"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"Greek fashion and jewellery designer Sophia Kokosalaki channelled the snake goddess enigma and Minoan culture","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220601-the-mysterious-ancient-civilisation-that-resonates-now-11"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp class=\"Body\"\u003EIn more recent years, fashion designer Mary Katrantzou has infused her work with images of Minoan goddesses, while Greek fashion and jewellery designer Sophia Kokosalaki channelled the snake goddess enigma and Minoan culture more generally. Described by Vogue as \"the designer who gave fashion fire and spirit\", Kokosalaki sadly died in October 2019, aged 47. She was born in Athens, and trained at St Martin's in London, where she built her highly successful luxury brand of clothing and jewellery, always retaining \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.vogue.co.uk\u002Fnews\u002Farticle\u002Fsophia-kokosalaki-obituary\"\u003Ea passion for her home country and Crete\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, where her parents were born. She said the snake goddess enigma was her \"favourite\", since she first saw her at the age six or seven. The goddess, with her \"exposed breasts, and tiny waist\" represented \"power, beauty and also an element of darkness [that] framed my aesthetic early on,\" she told  British Vogue.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220601-the-mysterious-ancient-civilisation-that-resonates-now-12"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0cb8v8p"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Jewellery by Sophia Kokosalaki","imageOrientation":"portrait","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220601-the-mysterious-ancient-civilisation-that-resonates-now-13"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp class=\"Default\"\u003EKokosalaki's name as a designer was sealed worldwide with her designs for the opening ceremony costumes for the Greek Olympics in Athens, 2004, and her designs drew high-profile fans such as Keira Knightley and Kate Hudson. Antony Baker, Kokosalaki's widower and business partner, is now director of the company they founded together in 1999, and has taken on the mantle of designer. Creating the designs himself has been easier than employing a designer, as he tells BBC Culture, \"I'm so clear about what she liked… Before Sophia died, she told me she wanted me to keep the brand going, for our daughter, Stelli,\" he says.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"Default\"\u003EWith the \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.sophiakokosalaki.com\u002F\"\u003Enew collection\u003C\u002Fa\u003E (autumn\u002Fwinter 2022\u002F23), it's clear Baker continues his late wife's vision, and the stunning pieces, wrought in gold, silver and pearls, were recently \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.vogue.com\u002Farticle\u002Fsophia-kokosalaki-jewelry-collection-relaunch\"\u003Efeatured in Vogue\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. They are inspired by seafaring artefacts like anchors, ropes and the sails of ships, associated with the Trojan War and Odysseus's voyage home. \"I looked into the boat that goes to Hades, and at how the boats were made, and the beautiful associations with that.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"Body\"\u003ESharing this passion for all things Cretan is Athens-based Katerina Frentzou, founder of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbrandingheritage.org\u002Fen\u002Fhomepage\u002F\"\u003EBranding Heritage\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, a showcase for contemporary Greek designers and artisans, among them \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbrandingheritage.org\u002Fen\u002Fprojects\u002Fintangible-heritage\u002F\"\u003Etraditional weavers on Crete\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. Branding Heritage's first exhibition, Contemporary Minoans, showcased how the civilisation's art, such as geometric and  labyrinthine patterns, lotus flower and bee symbols resonate today.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"Default\"\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220601-the-mysterious-ancient-civilisation-that-resonates-now-14"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0cb8sks"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Lilah Clarke pot","imageOrientation":"portrait","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220601-the-mysterious-ancient-civilisation-that-resonates-now-15"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp class=\"Default\"\u003EBranding Heritage's collection will launch as a virtual 3D museum in September; among its \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbrandingheritage.org\u002Fen\u002Fcollections\u002Fcontemporary-minoans\u002F\"\u003Edesigns\u003C\u002Fa\u003E are a necklace by Sophia Kokosalaki featuring silver votive knives; designer Ergon Mykonos's draped jacket over a gathered skirt with a bra top, trimmed with fabric printed with the snake goddess emblem; and Maria Sigma's handwoven textiles inspired by the Minotaur and Asterion. Not forgetting a clay vessel decorated with a giant octopus – inspired by a Minoan vessel, the pot is by Lilah Clarke, the granddaughter of Theodore Fyfe, an architect in Arthur Evans's team, combining ancient culture and modern sensibilities.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"Default\"\u003EIsn't that, after all, what these artisans and designers are doing today? Channelling a culture because of its beguiling mystery, which it will retain until we find a way to decipher its written texts. Until that day, we can continue to dream and to create, which is perhaps no bad thing. As Einstein famously said: \"The most beautiful thing we can experience is the mysterious. It is the source of all true art and science.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"Default\"\u003E\u003Cem\u003EIf you would like to comment on this story or anything else you have seen on BBC Culture, head over to our \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.facebook.com\u002Fpages\u002FBBC-Culture\u002F237388053065908\"\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EFacebook\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E page or message us on\u003C\u002Fem\u003E \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftwitter.com\u002Fbbc_culture\"\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ETwitter\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EAnd if you liked this story, \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fpages.emails.bbc.com\u002Fsubscribe\u002F\"\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Esign up for the weekly bbc.com features newsletter\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E, called The Essential List. A handpicked selection of stories from BBC Future, Culture, Worklife and Travel, delivered to your inbox every Friday.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"Body\"\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"Body\"\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"Default\"\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"Default\"\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220601-the-mysterious-ancient-civilisation-that-resonates-now-16"}],"collection":["culture\u002Fpremium-collection\u002Fthe-collection"],"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2022-06-06T00:00:00Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","headlineLong":"The mysterious ancient civilisation that resonates now","headlineShort":"The mysterious ancient culture for now","image":["p0cb8th1"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Knossos fresco","isSyndicated":false,"latitude":"","longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[{"Content":{"Description":"Apple News Publish: Select to publish, remove to unpublish. (Do not just delete or unpublish the story)","Name":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Entity":"option","Guid":"13f4bc85-ae27-4a34-9397-0e6ad3619619","Id":"option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","ModifiedDateTime":"2022-02-27T22:52:24.455144Z","Project":"wwverticals","Slug":"option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1"},"Urn":"urn:pubpipe:wwverticals:option:option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","_id":"62df7f2643d9f457224cbb67"}],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"culture","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"Knossos fresco","promoImage":["p0cb8th1"],"relatedStories":null,"relatedTag":["tag\u002Fhistory"],"summaryLong":"Why does the first great Greek civilisation continue to inspire artists and designers today? Beverley D'Silva explores the Hellenistic revival and its roots with the ancient Minoans.","summaryShort":"Why the first great Greek civilisation continues to inspire us today","tag":["tag\u002Fhistory","tag\u002Fjewellery"],"textToSpeech":false,"creationDateTime":"2022-06-05T23:00:54.275111Z","entity":"article","guid":"ad87d9dc-a726-4563-bfa4-983117f9e0c9","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220601-the-mysterious-ancient-civilisation-that-resonates-now","modifiedDateTime":"2022-06-05T23:00:54.275111Z","project":"wwverticals","slug":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220601-the-mysterious-ancient-civilisation-that-resonates-now","cacheLastUpdated":1659430088840},"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220713-princess-mononoke-the-masterpiece-that-flummoxed-the-us":{"urn":"urn:pubpipe:wwverticals:article:culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220713-princess-mononoke-the-masterpiece-that-flummoxed-the-us","_id":"62df7e6343d9f4586e7774cb","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":["culture\u002Fauthor\u002Fstephen-kelly"],"bodyIntro":"Twenty-five years old this week, the film is Japanese animation master Hayao Miyazaki's most complex work. But how it was mishandled in the West speaks of fundamental artistic differences, writes Stephen Kelly.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EIn 1997, the British fantasy author Neil Gaiman received a call out of the blue from then-head of Miramax, Harvey Weinstein. \"This animated film, Princess Mononoke,\" Gaiman recalls him saying, \"it's the biggest thing in Japan right now. So I thought I've got to get the best to do it. I called Quentin Tarantino and said, 'Quentin, will you do the English language script?' And he said, you don't want me, you want Gaiman. So, I'm calling you.\" Miramax, a then-subsidiary of Disney, had acquired the rights to distribute Princess Mononoke, the newest film from Japanese animation studio Studio Ghibli, in the United States, and Weinstein wanted to fly Gaiman to Los Angeles to watch a cut of the movie.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMore like this:\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E–       \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20210419-why-spirited-away-is-japans-greatest-animated-film\"\u003EThe film that captures millennials' greatest fear\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E–       \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20200123-studio-ghibli-an-indispensable-guide\"\u003EA guide to Studio Ghibli films\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E–       \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20220630-11-of-the-best-films-to-watch-this-july\"\u003E11 of the best films to watch this July\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\"I had zero plans to do it,\" Gaiman tells BBC Culture. \"But the moment that changed everything for me was the scene where you're looking at this large pebble. And then a raindrop hits it. And then another raindrop hits it. And then \u003Cem\u003Eanother\u003C\u002Fem\u003E raindrop hits it. And now it's raining and the surface is slippery and wet. And I'm like, 'I have never seen anything like this. This is real filmmaking. This is David Lean-level filmmaking. This is Akira Kurosawa-level filmmaking. This is the real deal.'\" \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220713-princess-mononoke-the-masterpiece-that-flummoxed-the-us-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0clmhcx"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220713-princess-mononoke-the-masterpiece-that-flummoxed-the-us-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EWhen Princess Mononoke was first released in Japan on 12 July 1997, 25 years ago this week, it represented something of a departure for master animator and director Hayao Miyazaki. During the late 80s, Miyazaki had built his reputation (along with the success of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20200123-studio-ghibli-an-indispensable-guide\"\u003EStudio Ghibli\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, which he founded with fellow director Isao Takahata) on films like Kiki's Delivery Service and My Neighbour Totoro; formally ambitious, thematically rich works, but generally affirming in tone and family-friendly in nature. But something changed during the 90s. Firstly, he began to bristle at the popular idea that Studio Ghibli only makes gentle movies about how great nature is. \"I begin to hear of Ghibli as 'sweet' or 'healing,'\" he grumbles in Princess Mononoke: How the Film Was Conceived, a six-hour documentary about the film’s production, \"and I get an urge to destroy it.\" Yet even more significant was his growing despair at a world which he had increasingly come to believe was cursed.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\"He used to be what he called leftist in sympathy, a believer in people power,\" explains Shiro Yoshioka, lecturer in Japanese Studies at Newcastle University. \"But for obvious reasons [the collapse of the Soviet Union, and the escalation in ethnic conflicts across Europe], his political beliefs were totally shaken in the early 1990s.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJapan itself was also going through something of an existential crisis. The country's bubble period, an economic boom during the late 80s, burst in 1992, stranding Japan in a seemingly endless recession. Three years later, in 1995, the country was hit by the Kobe earthquake, the worst earthquake to hit Japan since 1922. It killed 6,000 people, and destroyed the homes of tens of thousands more. Only two months after that, a terrorist cult by the name of \u003Ca href=\"%20https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.co.uk\u002Fnews\u002Fworld-asia-35975069\"\u003EAum Shinrikyo\u003C\u002Fa\u003E launched a sarin gas attack on the Tokyo Metro, killing 13 and injuring thousands. Miyazaki, who was sickened by the materialism of the bubble period, was now living in a country traumatised and confused – both by its relationship with nature, and a creeping sense of spiritual emptiness.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\"He began to think,\" says Yoshioka, \"maybe I should not make this entertaining, light-hearted stuff for children. Maybe I should make something substantial.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EA new anger\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESet during the 14th Century, the Muromachi period of Japan, Princess Mononoke tells the story of Ashitaka, a young prince cursed by the hatred of a dying boar god, who has been corrupted by an iron ball lodged in his body. \"Hear me loathsome humans,\" the boar says, \"you shall know my agony and my hatred\". To seek a cure for his curse, Ashitaka travels across the land, hoping to find the Shishigami, a deer-like forest spirit with the power to bring life and death.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAlong the way, Ashitaka discovers a world out of balance. The ironworks community of Tatara, run by the enigmatic Lady Eboshi, is ravaging the nearby forest for resources, provoking the wrath of ferocious wolf god Moro and her feral human daughter San (the titular Mononoke, which roughly translates to spectre or wraith). Caught in the middle is Ashitaka, who must figure out how to navigate this difficult world with \"eyes unclouded\". \"I always loved that [phrase],” says Gaiman. \"Unclouded by evil. Unclouded by fear, unclouded by hate. You just have to see what's actually there.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ECompared to Miyazaki's previous work, it is a dark and angry film, full of strange spectacle and scenes of startling violence. Hands are severed. Heads are cut off. Blood gushes from both human and animal alike. \"I believe that violence and aggression are essential parts of us as human beings,\" Miyazaki once\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.rogerebert.com\u002Finterviews\u002Fdirector-miyazaki-draws-american-attention\"\u003E told journalist Roger Ebert\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. \"The issue that we confront as human beings is how to control that impulse. I know that small children may watch this film, but I intentionally chose not to shield them from the violence that resides in human beings.\" Indeed, the cursed boar god, whose anger bursts out of him like a writhing nest of oily worms, was inspired by Miyazaki's own struggle to control his rage.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EHayao Miyazaki is a self-confessed bundle of contradictions. Read his writings, listen to his interviews, watch him speak, and he paints a portrait of an artist caught between idealism and nihilism, optimism and despair. He is the pacifist with a fascination for war planes; the demanding boss who despises authority, yet, as a director, wields it ruthlessly; the father who believes passionately in the spirit of children but was hardly home to raise his own; the staunch environmentalist who struggles to live an ecologically ethical life. \"When I see tuna being hauled in on a line I think 'wow, humans are terrible',\" he once told Japanese author Tetsuo Yamaori in 2002, in an interview republished in the 2014 Miyazaki essay anthology Turning Point, \"but when someone offers me tuna sashimi, I of course eat it and it tastes delicious.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220713-princess-mononoke-the-masterpiece-that-flummoxed-the-us-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0clmhys"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220713-princess-mononoke-the-masterpiece-that-flummoxed-the-us-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EThis idea of a man at war with himself is obvious to see in the characters and world of Princess Mononoke: a film that, as Miyazaki told a press conference at the Berlin Film Festival in 1998, \"was not made to judge good and evil\". Take Lady Eboshi, whose mining colony is manufacturing an arsenal of guns to use against the forest gods. In most animated movies, she would be cast as the greedy, villainous scourge of nature. But Eboshi is also a generous leader, someone who has liberated women (implied to be former sex workers) from feudalistic oppression, who has provided a safe haven for leprosy sufferers and outcasts, and whose industrialisation work is raising the standards of human life.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\"It would have been so easy to have a 'technology is bad versus the good beasts of the forest' story,\" says Susan Napier, professor of the Japanese Program at Tufts University, Massachusetts, and author of Miyazakiworld: A Life in Art. \"But the foundry helps these marginalised people live. it gives them jobs, a source of community, pride.\" Speaking in 1997 to Cine Furontosha magazine, Miyazaki himself once rationalised Lady Eboshi with \"often, those who are destroying nature are in reality people of good character. People who are not evil diligently take actions thinking they are for the best, but the results can lead to terrible problems.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220713-princess-mononoke-the-masterpiece-that-flummoxed-the-us-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"With Studio Ghibli you have a sense that, contrary to the Judeo-Christian Western point of view, humans are not necessarily the dominant creatures in the world – Susan Napier","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220713-princess-mononoke-the-masterpiece-that-flummoxed-the-us-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003ESuch moral ambiguity is not only extended to the film's human characters. The wolf god Moro is as tender as she is savage, while the natural world itself is not presented as a purely virtuous force, but one capable of stupidity and horror. Okkoto, leader of the boar clan, stubbornly charges into battle against the superior forces of mankind, foolishly dooming his race. Meanwhile the cold, uncanny visage of the Shishigami, who during the day resembles a great deer, suggests a side of nature that refuses to be anthropomorphised into something comforting, that is instead unsettling and strange – indifferent to whether you live or die.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\"With Studio Ghibli,\" says Napier, \"you have a sense that, contrary to the Judeo-Christian Western point of view, humans are not necessarily the dominant creatures in the world.\" It's an ethos with arguable roots in Japan's history of ecological disasters, and in Shintoism, the animistic folk religion of Japan, based around the faith that there is a spirit in all things. Writing in 2006, in promotional material for a new short film, Miyazaki states that, \"I am much more attracted to the idea of preserving the forests… not for the sake of humans, but because they themselves are alive.\" In the words of Yoshioka, \"He believes that we should not protect nature just because it’s useful, or try to control it. Instead, we should respect nature as something which has agency of its own.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThis belief is perhaps encapsulated best in a scene in Princess Mononoke described by Napier as \"the Sistine Chapel of animation\". It is the sequence in which a group of hunters, led by the opportunistic monk Jigo, catch a glimpse of the Shishigami in the huge, translucent form it takes after sunset. Miyazaki's films are invariably beautiful: drawn and animated with an obsessive attention to detail, and painted with the kind of clarity and depth that can make you look at the world with new eyes, like falling in love, or coming close to death. The Shishigami however is quite different. It looms over the forest like a walking night sky; inspiring both awe and terror alike. \"It is not cuddly and cute,\" says Napier. \"It looks other and scary. Then it starts to transform and you see these little Kodama creatures [tiny tree spirits, whose faces are fixed with impish smiles] look on in wonder. It is a sublime moment that has nothing to do with human beings.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EVery different receptions\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EPrincess Mononoke was a sensation in Japan. It grossed over 19 billion yen ($160 million) at the box office, far outstripping the country's previous record holder, Steven Spielberg's \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20220609-et-at-40-why-the-spielberg-classic-feels-so-unusual-today\"\u003EET\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, and launched Miyazaki to new heights of fame and influence. The film's themes of unrest, which Miyazaki himself had doubted would translate into entertainment, had obviously struck a chord with Japanese society. Although its success can equally be attributed to a deft marketing campaign orchestrated by producer Toshio Suzuki, who had also made a deal with the Walt Disney Corporation to distribute Studio Ghibli's movies worldwide, including a dubbed theatrical release of Princess Mononoke in the US.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe film itself was considered too mature to be released under the Disney banner. Instead, it was passed on to Disney subsidiary Miramax, headed by Harvey Weinstein, the now-jailed producer who had a reputation for taking art films from abroad and cutting them in such a way that appealed to the domestic market (as he saw it, at least). The contract that Studio Ghibli had signed with Disney however came with a strict condition: Princess Mononoke, which had a run time of just over two hours, could not be cut in any way, shape or form. It was a clause that would prove contentious. In his memoir Sharing a House with the Never-Ending Man, about his time working at Studio Ghibli helping to sell the films to the West, film executive Steve Alpert recalls a moment when Suzuki presented Weinstein with a perfect replica of a Japanese samurai sword. He then, in front of a \"horrified\" conference room of Miramax employees, \"shouted in English and in a loud voice, 'Mononoke Hime, NO CUT!'\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220713-princess-mononoke-the-masterpiece-that-flummoxed-the-us-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0clmkgp"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220713-princess-mononoke-the-masterpiece-that-flummoxed-the-us-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EThe process of making an English-language version of Princess Mononoke that everyone was happy with was tumultuous. Neil Gaiman, who adapted the Japanese script, recalls being caught in a \"peculiar cleft stick\" between the demands of Miramax and Studio Ghibli. \"You were dealing with one film company in America where everybody was very literal,\" says Gaiman. \"And one film company in Japan, where being literal was the furthest thing from anybody's mind.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EGaiman recalls a particular meeting with Miramax where they seemed to struggle with the concept of an animated film that didn't hold the audience's hand. They wanted to know whether Lady Eboshi was a good guy or a bad guy, whether the Shishigami was a good god or a bad god. \"Miyazaki built a film in which there are no bad guys,\" he says. \"There are only consequences. Lady Eboshi is providing shelter for sex workers and people with leprosy, but the results of what she's doing is throwing everything off balance. You've got all of that, and meanwhile you’ve got Miramax going, 'how will we know Ashitaka is a prince? He doesn’t live in a palace'. And I'm like, 'Because he's Prince Ashitaka.'\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThere were also other clashes. As detailed in Alpert's book, Miramax wanted to add their own sound effects to the film, claiming that there were moments so quiet and still that American audience members would think the cinema's sound had malfunctioned. These included butterflies that made twinkly sounds as they fluttered their wings and, to quote Alpert, \"the sound of a cloud passing\". They were vetoed. Gaiman's script, meanwhile, went through various drafts, but the version that ended up being recorded first – by a US voice cast that included Claire Danes and Billy Bob Thornton – was by someone whose job was to make sure the words aligned with the characters' mouth movements. \"Instead,\" says Gaiman, \"they took it upon themselves to do a whole script rewrite. And it was that version that was screened for a test audience and booed.\" By the time the error was discovered, voice director Jack Fletcher was only able to rerecord just over half of the script. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220713-princess-mononoke-the-masterpiece-that-flummoxed-the-us-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"This has always been a problem when we try to export Japanese animation to the States, because they have this mindset that animation is for children, it has to be dumbed down – Shiro Yoshioka","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220713-princess-mononoke-the-masterpiece-that-flummoxed-the-us-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EPrincess Mononoke did not perform particularly well in the United States, grossing just $2.3 million domestically. There is a popular idea that this was because a US audience raised on the broad, all-singing, all-dancing animations of Disney were simply not ready for a film like Princess Mononoke. It's an opinion that Miyazaki arguably shares himself. In 1988, he gave a lecture on Japanese animation that included the line: \"There are few barriers to entry into [animated] films – they will invite anyone in – but the barriers to exit must be high and purifying… The barrier to both the entry and exit of Disney films is too low and too wide. To me, they show nothing but contempt for the audience.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\"America still has a very Manichaean binary value system – good, evil, black, white – and it's baked into the Disney formula,\" says Napier. \"They usually end with a romance, everyone lives happily ever after, and that’s a fundamental part of the American dream. Whereas Japanese culture is more based on a sense of impermanence. There’s a cycle and a feeling that you have to enjoy what you have. It’s not necessarily a bad world, but it's a complicated world.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\"This has always been a problem when we try to export Japanese animation to the States,\" adds Yoshioka. \"Because they have this mindset that animation is for children – possibly born out of its association with Saturday morning cartoons – it has to be dumbed down. In the 1980s, when Miyazaki's Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind was exported to the States, it was turned into a very simple story of good vs evil, and Miyazaki was infuriated by that. That’s why he insists now that nothing should be changed when it’s exported to the States.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EGaiman, however, is not entirely convinced by those arguments. \"I don't think I came away thinking, 'OK! Huge gulf between America and Japan.' What I came to the conclusion of was that there is a huge gulf between what Mr Miyazaki is doing and American commercial filmmaking.” Instead, Gaiman thinks that everything that went wrong with Princess Mononoke, \"came down to Harvey Weinstein being petty.\" He tells a story of how, after the film’s first official screening at the New York Film Festival, Weinstein informed Gaiman that he planned to renege on Disney's deal not to cut the film.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220713-princess-mononoke-the-masterpiece-that-flummoxed-the-us-10"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0clmk9s"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220713-princess-mononoke-the-masterpiece-that-flummoxed-the-us-11"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\"He said, 'we need to cut 40 minutes from it.'. I said, 'Harvey, you lost that battle before the film came to you. You contractually cannot cut a frame'. He said, \"Yeah, still needs to be 90 minutes. I’m going to tell Mr Miyazaki tonight, he's going to agree.\" This was at a celebration dinner at a Cuban restaurant. As Gaiman recalls, Weinstein told Miyazaki and Suzuki the news while they were smoking outside. \"Mr Miyazaki, and Mr Suzuki do not return,\" says Gaiman. \"I ask Harvey what they had said. He replies, 'well they said no, but they’ll change their mind. Tomorrow the New York Times review is going to come out and say it’s too long. And then they will listen to me'.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220713-princess-mononoke-the-masterpiece-that-flummoxed-the-us-12"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"I think if Princess Mononoke had gone out [in the US] to the people who like foreign films, who like Japanese culture, animation fans, horror fans, it actually could have kindled into a phenomenon – Neil Gaiman","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220713-princess-mononoke-the-masterpiece-that-flummoxed-the-us-13"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F1999\u002F09\u002F27\u002Fmovies\u002Ffilm-review-waging-a-mythic-battle-to-preserve-a-pristine-forest.html\"\u003EThe New York Times review\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, written by Janet Maslin, called Princess Mononoke a \"landmark feat of Japanese animation\", with images, such as plants and flowers springing to life beneath the Shishigami’s hooves, that are \"simple, meaningful and ravishingly presented\". Nowhere is it mentioned that the film is too long. \"And all of a sudden,\" says Gaiman, \"the next thing I hear is that the fancy launch and giant marketing roll-out for Princess Mononoke that had been planned was not going to happen. It was going to roll out in 10 cities with no particular advertising push behind it. Harvey didn’t even show up for the premiere in Hollywood.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\"I don't see any reason why Princess Mononoke couldn’t have been released and done really well,\" continues Gaiman. \"But you would have had to send people out there to explain what this was.\" He cites the marketing campaign for the film adaptation of his children’s book Coraline, which was projected to make $6 million on its opening weekend, but made $16 million. \"And the reason that happened is because we had a PR company who decided to target lots of small little groups, not just parents with kids. I look at Mononoke and think if they'd gone out to the people who like foreign films, who like Japanese culture, animation fans, horror fans, it actually could have kindled into a phenomenon.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWhy it's more relevant than ever \u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe relative failure of Princess Mononoke's US release left Disney lacking confidence in the success of future Studio Ghibli releases. The then-head of Pixar, John Lasseter, disagreed however, and took over the US release of Miyazaki’s next film, 2001's \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20210419-why-spirited-away-is-japans-greatest-animated-film\"\u003ESpirited Away\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. Lasseter had been a long-time champion of Miyazaki, and once wrote of how he had inspired him to \"slow down the action\" in films like A Bug's Life and Toy Story 2. And yet, despite proving another record-breaking hit in Japan (grossing $304 million), and the English-language version being directed by Beauty and the Beast's Kirk Wise, it barely broke $10 million in the United States. It did however win the second ever Academy Award for best animated feature (Shrek won the first), although Miyazaki refused to attend the ceremony in protest at the Iraq War.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EPrincess Mononoke would open a knottier, more socially-conscious chapter in the work of Hayao Miyazaki. 2004's Howl's Moving Castle, for example, built on Miyazaki's Oscar protest with an anti-war story inspired by the invasions of Iraq and Afghanistan; while his most recent film, 2013's The Wind Rises, was a largely fictitious biography of Jiro Horikoshi, who sees his new aircraft design turned into the Mitsubishi A5M fighter plane, used by Japan during World War Two. The two films, ostensibly a challenge to market for Disney, each grossed around $5 million in the US.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220713-princess-mononoke-the-masterpiece-that-flummoxed-the-us-14"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0clmjyy"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220713-princess-mononoke-the-masterpiece-that-flummoxed-the-us-15"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\"Princess Mononoke is more relevant now than it has ever been,\" says Neil Gaiman. \"We went through years of people going 'this climate stuff is going to be a huge problem'. And now suddenly we're starting to see the results and it's like, 'OK, we really are out of whack here and it's only going to get worse'. And now what do we do? How do we survive? We’re like the people trying to figure it out down in Iron Town. Except we're not really taking as much care of the sex workers and the people with leprosy.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBut what makes Princess Mononoke such an enduringly profound piece of work is that while Miyazaki is undoubtedly disgusted with the course of humanity, he nonetheless finds his misanthropy giving way to a sincere belief in the resilience of nature and the human spirit. You can see this in the film's ambiguous ending, when the Shishigami, a living manifestation of the cycle of life and death, threatens to envelope the land in darkness after its head is cut off by Lady Eboshi. But instead, from death comes new life: plants spring again, Ashitaka is healed, a lone Kodama survives – a reminder that nature was here before us and will persevere long after we're gone. \"He's not dead,\" Ashitaka tells San. \"He's here right now, trying to tell us something, that it’s time for both of us to live.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIt is an echo of an enduring theme of Miyazaki's later work: a rallying call to children, and perhaps to himself, that no matter how bad the world gets, no matter how tempting it is to fall into fatalism or despair, you must keep on going. \"Life is suffering,\" Ashitaka is told by a man with leprosy his face encased in bandages. \"It is hard. The world is cursed, but still you find reasons to keep living.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003ELove film and TV? Join \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.facebook.com\u002Fgroups\u002F440074069852291\u002F\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003EBBC Culture Film and TV Club\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E on Facebook, a community for cinephiles all over the world.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EIf you would like to comment on this story or anything else you have seen on BBC Culture, head over to our \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.facebook.com\u002Fpages\u002FBBC-Culture\u002F237388053065908\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003EFacebook\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E page or message us on\u003C\u002Fem\u003E \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftwitter.com\u002Fbbc_culture\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003ETwitter\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EAnd if you liked this story, \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fpages.emails.bbc.com\u002Fsubscribe\u002F\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003Esign up for the weekly bbc.com features newsletter\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E, called The Essential List. A handpicked selection of stories from BBC Future, Culture, Worklife and Travel, delivered to your inbox every Friday.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220713-princess-mononoke-the-masterpiece-that-flummoxed-the-us-16"}],"collection":["culture\u002Fcolumn\u002Ffilm"],"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2022-07-14T00:00:00Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","headlineLong":"Princess Mononoke: The masterpiece that flummoxed the US","headlineShort":"The animation too dark for Hollywood","image":["p0clnml6"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[{"Content":{"Description":"Apple News Publish: Select to publish, remove to unpublish. (Do not just delete or unpublish the story)","Name":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Entity":"option","Guid":"13f4bc85-ae27-4a34-9397-0e6ad3619619","Id":"option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","ModifiedDateTime":"2022-02-27T22:52:24.455144Z","Project":"wwverticals","Slug":"option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1"},"Urn":"urn:pubpipe:wwverticals:option:option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","_id":"62df7f2643d9f457224cbb67"}],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"culture","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":null,"relatedStories":null,"relatedTag":null,"summaryLong":"Now 25 years old, it is Japanese animation master Hayao Miyazaki's most complex work. But its mishandling in the West speaks of fundamental artistic differences, writes Stephen Kelly.","summaryShort":"Why Japanese masterpiece Princess Mononoke flummoxed the US","tag":["tag\u002Ffilm-history"],"textToSpeech":false,"creationDateTime":"2022-07-13T23:00:51.978051Z","entity":"article","guid":"a16e12ed-4d74-4722-a651-31cc6938f60a","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220713-princess-mononoke-the-masterpiece-that-flummoxed-the-us","modifiedDateTime":"2022-07-15T11:40:59.338764Z","project":"wwverticals","slug":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220713-princess-mononoke-the-masterpiece-that-flummoxed-the-us","cacheLastUpdated":1659430088840},"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220714-the-ufo-sightings-that-swept-the-us":{"urn":"urn:pubpipe:wwverticals:article:culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220714-the-ufo-sightings-that-swept-the-us","_id":"62df7e9043d9f4572373246c","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":["culture\u002Fauthor\u002Fnicholas-barber"],"bodyIntro":"Seventy-five years on from the first mysterious sightings in the US, the flying saucer makes its return in Jordan Peele's new film Nope. Nicholas Barber looks back at one of the most haunting objects in popular culture.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EIt's only there for a moment i\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.youtube.com\u002Fwatch?v=In8fuzj3gck\"\u003En the trailer\u003C\u002Fa\u003E for Jordan Peele's new horror film, Nope, but it's definitely there: a flying saucer. Judging by the twists and turns in Peele's previous films, Get Out and \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20190321-film-review-us\"\u003EUs\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, it's impossible to say whether its real or fake, whether it's from the Earth or from outer space, but that glimpse of sparkling silver is tantalising. Maybe, just maybe, Nope will be a proper flying-saucer movie – a celebration of one of the most recognisable and spine-tingling shapes in the history of popular culture.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMore like this:\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E \u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E - \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20200804-flash-gordon-an-erotic-sci-fi-extravaganza\"\u003EFlash Gordon: An erotic sci-fi extravaganza\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E  - \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20211215-dont-look-up-the-fiction-that-reflects-our-greatest-fear\"\u003EDon't Look Up: The stories that reflect our oldest fear\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E  - \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20211215-dont-look-up-the-fiction-that-reflects-our-greatest-fear\"\u003EIs this the worst film ever made?\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\"By the end of the 1950s,\" says Andrew Shail, senior lecturer in film at Newcastle University, \"that particular shape had become a shorthand for 'spacecraft piloted by beings from another world', available to everyone working in the visual arts.\" Sure enough, flying saucers have signified mysterious visitors from Mars and beyond in countless films, TV series, novels, comics, and even hit records, from Mulder's I Want To Believe poster in The X-Files TV series to the popular children's picture book, Aliens Love Underpants. The flying saucer is a design classic – the archetypal Unidentified Flying Object. And yet it didn't take off, so to speak, until the 1950s, when the world went flying-saucer crazy.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EScience-fiction artists had drawn circular spacecraft long before that: an early \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20200804-flash-gordon-an-erotic-sci-fi-extravaganza\"\u003EFlash Gordon\u003C\u002Fa\u003E strip from 1934 features a spinning \"squadron of deadly space-gyros\". But if you flick through copies of Startling Stories, Super Science Stories and other pulp magazines of the period, you'll see that in the first half of the 20th Century, aliens preferred their transport to resemble submarines and airships.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220714-the-ufo-sightings-that-swept-the-us-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0cltp94"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Nope","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220714-the-ufo-sightings-that-swept-the-us-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EThat all changed 75 years ago. In June 1947, a commercial pilot, Kenneth Arnold, claimed to have seen nine \"flying discs\" zipping across Washington state in the US at 1,200 mph. The editor of the East Oregonian newspaper sent this utterly unverifiable story to the Associated Press news service, and on 26 June, Hearst International put out a press release that contained the fateful term \"flying saucers\". The story spread around the globe considerably faster than 1,200 mph. Soon there were hundreds of other reported sightings – including one of crashed flying-saucer debris in Roswell, New Mexico. Some of these reports were clearly hoaxes: it wasn't hard to fake a saucer photograph if you had a hubcap, frisbee or pizza to hand. Some sightings, says Shail, were of \"weather balloons, Zeppelins, cloud formations and experimental aircraft being developed by the US Air Force as part of the Cold War\". And, just to be open-minded about it, perhaps some of the sightings were of Martians who were hovering over sparsely populated parts of the Earth for the fun of it. But one thing was certain: saucer-mania had begun.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220714-the-ufo-sightings-that-swept-the-us-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"Interest in flying saucers shot up around the same moment it became plausible that humans would visit space – Katharine Coldiron","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220714-the-ufo-sightings-that-swept-the-us-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EIn 1953, Donald H Menzel's book on this hysteria, Flying Saucers, offered three explanations. \"First, flying saucers are unusual. All of us are used to regularity. We naturally attribute mystery to the unusual. Second, we are all nervous. We live in a world that has suddenly become hostile. We have unleashed forces we cannot control; many persons fear we are heading towards a war that will destroy us. Third, people are enjoying this fright to some extent. They seem to be a part of an exciting piece of science fiction.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220714-the-ufo-sightings-that-swept-the-us-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0cltpwg"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Roswell","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220714-the-ufo-sightings-that-swept-the-us-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EThe nervousness Menzel mentions had several causes. One was that the US and the USSR were competing to be the first superpower to put a satellite into orbit: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.co.uk\u002Fnews\u002Fscience-environment-41498083\"\u003Ethe USSR won with Sputnik 1 in 1957\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. \"Interest in flying saucers shot up around the same moment it became plausible that humans would visit space,\" says Katharine Coldiron, the author of the Midnight Movies Monograph guide to one notoriously terrible saucer movie, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20220107-is-this-the-worst-film-ever-made\"\u003EPlan 9 from Outer Space\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. \"The human imagination spirals out in all sorts of directions when something like the space race radically stimulates it. I think we're seeing the same thing happen with climate change – creators of all kinds have been stimulated to make art about the possible end of our species, and, in fiction at least, we're just seeing that wave gain critical mass.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAmericans had other things to worry about, too: unemployment, inflation, the threat of a Soviet invasion, and, especially, the possibility that their own cities might be razed by the kind of atomic bombs that had devastated Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945. One way of sublimating all that fear was to focus on flying saucers, \"a phenomenon that was mysterious and entertaining,\" Jack Womack, an award-winning science-fiction author, tells BBC Culture, \"but not necessarily threatening, unlike the possibility of nuclear war\".\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EFlying saucers in popular culture\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAlmost as remarkable as all the saucer sightings was the fact that so many people wrote memoirs about them. Womack's collection of these memoirs is the subject of his book, Flying Saucers Are Real!, which includes excerpts from Those Sexy Saucer People, Flying Saucers and the Scriptures, and Round Trip To Hell in a Flying Saucer. One choice example is George W Van Tassel's I Rode a Flying Saucer, which was published in 1952. \"He is honest enough to note that he didn't actually ride a flying saucer,\" says Womack, \"but the space brothers suggested that he give his work a more marketable title.\" As ludicrous as many of these supposedly non-fiction books were, though, there were some learned theses among them. Carl Jung, the Swiss psychiatrist, pondered the topic in Flying Saucers: A Modern Myth of Things Seen in the Sky, published in 1959.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBy this time, flying saucers had flown all the way through popular culture. Comics, unsurprisingly, were bursting with saucers. One special issue of EC Comics' Weird Science-Fantasy in 1954 boasted: \"EC Challenges The US Air Force With This Illustrated, Factual Flying Saucer Report.\" In the world of animation, Chuck Jones's Bugs Bunny cartoon, Haredevil Hare, introduced Marvin the Martian in 1948. He was piloting a Buck Rogers-style rocket ship on this occasion, but when Marvin visited Bugs on Earth in The Hasty Hare in 1952, he had traded up to a flying saucer.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220714-the-ufo-sightings-that-swept-the-us-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0cltq2x"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"The Flying Saucer","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220714-the-ufo-sightings-that-swept-the-us-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EIn 1951, Ella Fitzgerald recorded a jazzy number written by Arthur Pitt and Elaine Wise called Two Little Men in a Flying Saucer, a satirical catalogue of humanity's off-putting habits, as seen by the little green men of the title: \"During their mission \u002F Heard a politician \u002F Making speeches as they travelled by \u002F But they departed \u002F Faster than they started \u002F Because the hot air blew them sky high.\" (The song has since been simplified into a nursery-school counting song.) But no medium was more besotted by flying saucers than cinema. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe first flying saucer film, called, yes, The Flying Saucer, came out in 1950. This was a low-budget independent thriller written, directed and produced by its star, Mikel Conrad, and marketed with the suggestion that it might be based on the truth. \"What are they?,\" asked a poster's slogan. \"Where are they from? Have you seen a flying saucer?\" In the following year, 1951, Hollywood released two bona fide saucer classics. One was Robert Wise's The Day the Earth Stood Still, in which an alien ambassador named Klaatu (Michael Rennie) warns the human race to \"live in peace, or pursue your present course and face obliteration\". His smooth, windowless saucer is the last word in interplanetary minimalism. The other 1951 classic was Howard Hawks' The Thing from Another World, in which an alien spaceship is recovered from the Arctic ice. In the source material, a short story by John W Campbell, the spaceship is \"like a submarine... 280 ft long and 45 ft in diameter\", but in the film it's a saucer – and its one surviving crewmember is a monstrous predator. \"In their own way, each of these films embodied the dark undercurrent of social paranoia that besieged America,\" writes Michael Stein in Alien Invasions! The History of Aliens in Pop Culture. \"One evoked the fear of subversive invasion, the other addressed the nightmare of global destruction.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220714-the-ufo-sightings-that-swept-the-us-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0cltqjg"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"The Day the Earth Stood Still","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220714-the-ufo-sightings-that-swept-the-us-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EConsidering how regularly flying saucers have been substitutes for more earthbound terrors, it will be fascinating to see what they represent in Nope. So far, Peele's ingenious horror movies have been cutting social commentaries, with an emphasis on the racism endured by black Americans. Will Nope continue this trend? \"Peele's decision to make a UFO movie is unsurprising,\" says Mark Bould, the author of the Routledge Film Guidebook to Science Fiction, \"because there has always been a racial element to accounts of flying saucers and alien abduction. In the late 1940s, the aliens were often described as exaggeratedly, excessively white people. African Americans are the descendants of abductees, the victims of technologically advanced pallid aliens who suddenly appeared from far away, and African-American science fiction and Afrofuturism frequently return to this brutal historical rupture. Nope is just the latest example to make this mothership connection.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EThe end of saucer-mania\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBack in the 1950s, flying saucer films didn’t always have such profound socio-political concerns. They included Devil Girl from Mars (1954), This Island Earth (1955), Forbidden Planet (1956), Invasion of the Saucer-Men (1957) and The Atomic Submarine (1959). One of the greatest was Earth Vs The Flying Saucers (1956), with typically fabulous stop-motion animation by Ray Harryhausen. One of the not-so-greatest was the aforementioned Plan 9 From Outer Space (1957).\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220714-the-ufo-sightings-that-swept-the-us-10"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0clvpqv"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Earth Vs. the Flying Saucers","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220714-the-ufo-sightings-that-swept-the-us-11"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EWhat they all had in common was the saucer. From a filmmaker's perspective, this iconic spacecraft was a godsend, in that it was relatively easy to construct and shoot. Unlike a traditional rocket, it could switch direction without any need to show it turning around. It also looked fantastic.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220714-the-ufo-sightings-that-swept-the-us-12"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"The flying saucer appears in an era of secretive new technologies, primarily military, including the atomic bomb… but also a flood of new domestic consumer technologies – Mark Bould","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220714-the-ufo-sightings-that-swept-the-us-13"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\"The great thing about flying saucer design is that it is simple to the point of abstraction,\" Bould tells BBC Culture. \"Its perfect symmetry insists that it is not some naturally occurring thing, while the absence of familiar signifiers of flight – no wings, no engines – insists that it must be not only a technological artefact but an incredibly advanced one. It asserts its place far ahead of us in the western mythology of progress.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ENot that the saucer was entirely other-worldly. Its shiny curved surface, behind which lurked all sorts of complicated wires and valves, reflected the most fashionable cars, ovens, and washing machines of the post-war period. \"The flying saucer appears in an era of secretive new technologies, primarily military, including the atomic bomb,\" Bould tells BBC Culture, \"but also a flood of new domestic consumer technologies, the inner workings of which become increasingly mysterious to the average householder. The flying saucer seems to incorporate both tendencies, writ large across American skies.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220714-the-ufo-sightings-that-swept-the-us-14"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0cltqlx"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"20,000 Leauges Under the Sea","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220714-the-ufo-sightings-that-swept-the-us-15"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EThe flight didn't last for long. As the 1950s came to an end, saucer-mania waned, both in terms of reported sightings, and silver-screen appearances. \"When it came to flying saucer movies, the horror ones did better than the serious ones,\" says Mark Jancovich, the author of Rational Fears: American Horror Genre in the 1950s. \"And you could make the horror ones quite cheaply. What happened was that science-fiction horror moved into the cheap, low-budget end of the market. Studios also recognised that the really big sci-fi hit of the 1950s was not an alien invasion movie, it was Disney's 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea. You then got this wave of period sci-fi films like The Time Machine, The Curse of Frankenstein and The Lost World [starring Klaatu himself, Michael Rennie]. The Victorian settings of gothic horror films made them seem respectable, whereas flying saucers moved downmarket as the 1950s went on.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMeanwhile, in the real world, 1961 was the year when Yuri Gagarin orbited the planet, and President John F Kennedy announced the goal of \"landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to the Earth\". Actual space travel was so astounding that flying saucers seemed quaint in comparison. Finally, in 1969, the US Air Force's survey of saucer sightings, Project Blue Book, closed with the publication of a Scientific Study of Unidentified Flying Objects. Its damning conclusion: \"Nothing has come from the study of UFOs in the past 21 years that has added to scientific knowledge\".\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOf course, people kept reporting UFO sightings in the 1960s and beyond. This very May, there was an American public congressional hearing on what are now known as UAPs – Unexplained Aerial Phenomena – although Scott Bray, the deputy director of naval intelligence, stressed that the military hadn't found \"anything non-terrestrial in origin\". You could argue that in popular culture, too, flying saucers have never really gone away. Super-size a flying saucer and you get the motherships in \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20160622-independence-days-sequel-why-wait-20-years\"\u003EIndependence Day\u003C\u002Fa\u003E and District 9; flip it on its side and you get the looming monoliths in \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20161108-arrival-is-the-smartest-big-budget-sci-fi-film-in-years\"\u003EArrival\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. In \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Ftags\u002Fstar-wars\"\u003EStar Wars\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, the Millennium Falcon is a flying saucer with some extra pointy bits poking out of the front; and in \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20220316-the-most-remarkable-star-trek-episode-ever-made\"\u003EStar Trek\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, the USS Enterprise is a flying saucer with a body and legs stuck on the back. But sightings of old school, unadorned flying saucers, in the sky or on the screen, are now rare. \"Like any fad,\" says Womack, \"the phenomenon in its original form simply ran its course.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EToday, flying saucers are a piece of quintessential 1950s Americana to file alongside a roadside diner's chequerboard floor and the tail fins of a gas-guzzling convertible. When they're used in modern science-fiction blockbusters, such as Men in Black and Tim Burton's Mars Attacks!, it's because of that vintage quality. Maybe that's how Jordan Peele will use them, too, sensitive as he is to America's historic injustices. Once the flying saucer seemed to have hurtled down from the frightening future; now it's a relic of the comforting past.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003ENope is released on 22 July in the US, and on 12 August in the UK.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003ELove film and TV? Join \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.facebook.com\u002Fgroups\u002F440074069852291\u002F\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EBBC Culture Film and TV Club\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E on Facebook, a community for cinephiles all over the world.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EIf you would like to comment on this story or anything else you have seen on BBC Culture, head over to our \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.facebook.com\u002Fpages\u002FBBC-Culture\u002F237388053065908\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EFacebook\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E page or message us on \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftwitter.com\u002Fbbc_culture\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ETwitter\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EAnd if you liked this story, \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fpages.emails.bbc.com\u002Fsubscribe\u002F\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Esign up for the weekly bbc.com features newsletter\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, called The Essential List. A handpicked selection of stories from BBC Future, Culture, Worklife and Travel, delivered to your inbox every Friday.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220714-the-ufo-sightings-that-swept-the-us-16"}],"collection":["culture\u002Fcolumn\u002Ffilm"],"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2022-07-15T00:30:00Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","headlineLong":"The UFO sightings that swept the US","headlineShort":"The UFO-mania that swept the US","image":["p0clvmqz"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Forbidden Planet","isSyndicated":false,"latitude":"","longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[{"Content":{"Description":"Apple News Publish: Select to publish, remove to unpublish. (Do not just delete or unpublish the story)","Name":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Entity":"option","Guid":"13f4bc85-ae27-4a34-9397-0e6ad3619619","Id":"option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","ModifiedDateTime":"2022-02-27T22:52:24.455144Z","Project":"wwverticals","Slug":"option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1"},"Urn":"urn:pubpipe:wwverticals:option:option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","_id":"62df7f2643d9f457224cbb67"}],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"culture","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":null,"relatedStories":null,"relatedTag":["tag\u002Fpopular-culture"],"summaryLong":"Seventy-five years since the first UFO sightings, the flying saucer makes its return in new film Nope. Nicholas Barber looks back at one of the most haunting objects in film history.","summaryShort":"Why did America became obsessed with aliens?","tag":["tag\u002Ffilm-history"],"textToSpeech":false,"creationDateTime":"2022-07-14T23:30:22.740157Z","entity":"article","guid":"6a0fffb7-5364-494d-a2f7-c0a835c3692c","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220714-the-ufo-sightings-that-swept-the-us","modifiedDateTime":"2022-07-15T16:22:20.334274Z","project":"wwverticals","slug":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220714-the-ufo-sightings-that-swept-the-us","cacheLastUpdated":1659430088841},"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220711-piet-mondrian-and-the-six-lines-that-made-a-masterpiece":{"urn":"urn:pubpipe:wwverticals:article:culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220711-piet-mondrian-and-the-six-lines-that-made-a-masterpiece","_id":"62df808343d9f46daa5b7940","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":["culture\u002Fauthor\u002Fdeborah-nicholls-lee"],"bodyIntro":"A 1922 painting by Piet Mondrian challenged art history, defining a new era, writes Deborah Nicholls-Lee, as two exhibitions celebrate the 150th anniversary of his birth.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003ESix lines and five colours was all it took to make a masterpiece. By 1922, the modernist mission appeared to be complete. In Piet Mondrian's \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.stedelijk.nl\u002Fen\u002Fcollection\u002F533-piet-mondriaan-compositie-met-blauw-geel-rood-zwart-en-grijs\"\u003EComposition with Blue, Yellow, Red, Black and Grey\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, only primary colours prevail. The orange and cornflower blue that lingered the previous year had been banished from the grid, and a contemplative grey-white took centre stage. Western art had never seemed so simple or so accessible.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMore like this:\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E - \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20220621-cornelia-parker-the-artist-who-likes-to-blow-things-up\"\u003EThe artist who likes to blow things up\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E - \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20220615-stonehenge-and-the-eerie-allure-of-ancient-stone-circles\"\u003EThe eerie allure of stone circles\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E - \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20220518-how-fear-sex-and-power-shaped-ancient-mythology\"\u003EHow fear shaped ancient mythology\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn the same year, the Dutch painter took leave from his Paris studio to celebrate his 50th birthday with a retrospective of his work at Amsterdam's Stedelijk Museum. Today, a century later, Mondrian's 56 x 63cm Composition with Blue, Yellow, Red, Black and Grey is on permanent display in the museum's basement, the characteristic \"PM\" monogram and \"22\" still visible in scratchy red paint.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220711-piet-mondrian-and-the-six-lines-that-made-a-masterpiece-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0cl6yng"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220711-piet-mondrian-and-the-six-lines-that-made-a-masterpiece-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EMaurice Rummens, academic researcher at the Stedelijk Museum, describes the painting as  \"one of the spearheads\" of the museum's collection. It signalled a transformation in Mondrian's style – and in painting. Representations of real objects and the use of perspective, seen in the artist's landscapes at the turn of the century and continuing into his cubist period, were no longer modern enough for him. Instead, he turned to pure abstraction to communicate something more ambitious and intangible: the elementary and universal qualities of the cosmos.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\"Vertical and horizontal lines are the expression of two opposing forces,\" Mondrian later explained in a 1937 essay. \"They exist everywhere and dominate everything; their reciprocal action constitutes 'life'.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220711-piet-mondrian-and-the-six-lines-that-made-a-masterpiece-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"Mondrian was a trailblazer, in his concentration on the very essence of the image – he was one of the first who really did this, this totally non-representational work – Ulf Küster","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220711-piet-mondrian-and-the-six-lines-that-made-a-masterpiece-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EMondrian intended the combination of primary colours and bold geometric patterns to convey nature's inherent connectivity in the most distilled and direct way possible. In a letter to fellow Dutch artist Theo Van Doesburg in 1915, he writes: \"I always confine myself to expressing the eternal (closest to the spirit) and I do so in the simplest of external forms, in order to be able to express the inner meaning as lightly veiled as possible.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\"Mondrian was a trailblazer, in the sense that he was very radical, and in his concentration on the very essence of the image,\" says Ulf Küster, curator of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.fondationbeyeler.ch\u002Fen\u002Fexhibitions\u002Fmondrian\"\u003EMondrian Evolution\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, an exploration of Mondrian's modernist journey currently showing at the Foundation Beyeler in Switzerland to mark the 150th anniversary of his birth.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\"Minimalism is unthinkable without Mondrian,\" he told BBC Culture. \"He was one of the first who really did this, this totally non-representational work… If you see modern as something which breaks with all traditions and defines everything new, then Mondrian's paintings of the 20s are very, very modern.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220711-piet-mondrian-and-the-six-lines-that-made-a-masterpiece-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0cl6yqx"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220711-piet-mondrian-and-the-six-lines-that-made-a-masterpiece-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EHints of the revolutionary work that was to come nevertheless reveal themselves in Mondrian's earlier pieces. The artist's interest in grids, bold lines and right-angled compositions, for example, can be seen in landscapes where \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFile:Piet_Mondriaan_-_Six_young_birch_trees_in_a_field_-_A288_-_Piet_Mondrian,_catalogue_raisonn%C3%A9.jpg\"\u003Etree trunks slice the horizon\u003C\u002Fa\u003E (1902\u002F3) or the numerous studies he made of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.pubhist.com\u002Fw28371\"\u003Ea fenced meadow\u003C\u002Fa\u003E in 1905.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBy 1922, Mondrian had adopted the principles of neoplasticism, an art movement also known as De Stijl which included Mondrian, Van Doesburg, Gerrit Rietveld, and Bart van der Leck among its leading members, and which advocated for pure, reductive compositions that were perfectly balanced. Mondrian disapproved of Van der Leck's use of background and foreground, and opposed Van Doesburg and Van der Leck's use of the diagonal – a determination to take the aesthetic all the way that created the iconic images he is known for today.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EOn the grid\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ERight-angles, he insisted, must stand upright; and colour now had to be primary, and most often pushed out to the extremities, giving primacy to white. In 1922, coloured planes exist in tension within a dislocated floating grid, keeping the eye and the painting in motion, and creating a composition that is both satisfying and unsettling.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220711-piet-mondrian-and-the-six-lines-that-made-a-masterpiece-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0cl6z1v"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220711-piet-mondrian-and-the-six-lines-that-made-a-masterpiece-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EThe simplicity of the finished piece belies its slow and laborious creation. Much of Mondrian's working day was spent waiting and looking, staring at the canvas or pacing in his studio. \"I am searching for the proper harmony of rhythm and unchanging proportion,\" he wrote to Van Doesburg in 1919. \"I cannot tell you how difficult it is.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFor Mondrian, however, balance did not imply perfection; a sense of the painter behind the piece was also important. In Composition with Blue, Yellow, Red, Black and Grey, colour bleeds beyond the imperfectly painted grid (Mondrian, it's said, did not use a ruler), threatening to invade the whitish canvas. We are reminded of the painter's part in making a masterpiece, and the interplay of the two opposing elements that he saw as central to his work: \"individual\" and \"universal\".\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EDespite Mondrian's orthodox and measured approach to his art, it was this human, \"individual\" side that drew bohemian society to his smoky Paris studio at 26 Rue du Départ, a \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.mondrianroute.com\u002Fsite\u002Fassets\u002Ffiles\u002F14375\u002Fpa011_03-1.webp\"\u003Eliving work of art\u003C\u002Fa\u003E laid out according to neoplastic principles.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220711-piet-mondrian-and-the-six-lines-that-made-a-masterpiece-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0cl6z7x"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220711-piet-mondrian-and-the-six-lines-that-made-a-masterpiece-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\"It was not at all true that he was isolated,\" said Caro Verbeek, curator at the Kunstmuseum Den Haag, where the world's largest collection of Mondrian works reside. \"He was a very charismatic person… He had a sense of humour, enjoyed hanging out with people. He loved women and women loved him.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMondrian's circle of friends included the dancer, singer and actress Josephine Baker, who he saw as a kindred spirit. He filled his studio with the sound of his beloved jazz, and immersed himself in the cultural and intellectual life of Paris, going to the cinema, taking up dancing lessons, and attending concerts.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThis love of music, in particular, brought an often-overlooked dimension to Mondrian's paintings, currently explored at the Kunstmuseum Den Haag's exhibition \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.kunstmuseum.nl\u002Fen\u002Fexhibitions\u002Fmondrian-moves\"\u003EMondrian Moves\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. The museum app pairs music and paintings, showing how the positioning of colours replicates the beats and the dance steps Mondrian knew so well, with the black, white and grey areas denoting non-tones or noise.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\"Mondrian could hear, dance to and visualise neoplasticism,\" Verbeek told BBC Culture. \"All his neoplastic paintings were highly musical.\" Verbeek hopes to take the experience a step further with Clapping to the beat of Piet, a tour which will use dance and clapped rhythms to bring everyone, including the visually impaired, closer to Mondrian's work.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220711-piet-mondrian-and-the-six-lines-that-made-a-masterpiece-10"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","image":[],"pullQuote":"That is how you are supposed to look at a Mondrian. Not as a picture that you scan, but as a change in direction, in movement, in rhythm, in pace – Caro Verbeek","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220711-piet-mondrian-and-the-six-lines-that-made-a-masterpiece-11"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EIt was 1922 that saw Mondrian make the link between art and music more explicit. No doubt influenced by the experimental \"noise concert\" he had seen the previous year by Futurist Luigi Russolo, Mondrian proposed a \"promenoir\", a concert space where abstract, electrical colour projections, so-called \"sound colours\", would combine with music to create an immersive experience.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220711-piet-mondrian-and-the-six-lines-that-made-a-masterpiece-12"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0cl6zkj"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"square","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220711-piet-mondrian-and-the-six-lines-that-made-a-masterpiece-13"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EThis multi-sensory engagement with art, Verbeek explains, is also invited in Mondrian's 1922 Composition with Blue, Yellow, Red, Black and Grey once you appreciate its musicality. \"What I love about this composition is how he changes your sense of verticality and horizontality. It's not just that you move your eyes, it's also that your whole mindset changes… in the same plane,\" she says. \"That is how you are supposed to look at a Mondrian. Not as a picture that you scan, but as a change in direction, in movement, in rhythm, in pace.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EContemplating a Mondrian, she explains, is a visceral experience: \"The members of the Stijl want to evoke a bodily sensation, a very physical type of aesthetics.\" Years later, Mondrian would go further, ascribing specific dances to his works. There was a \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fnl.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBestand:Mondrian_-_Fox_Trot_B,_with_Black,_Red,_Blue,_and_Yellow,_1929.jpg\"\u003EFoxtrot\u003C\u002Fa\u003E series in the late 1920s, for example, and his final painting \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.kunstmuseum.nl\u002Fen\u002Fcollection\u002Fvictory-boogie-woogie?origin=gm\"\u003EVictory Boogie Woogie\u003C\u002Fa\u003E (1942-4), was a celebration of the syncopated rhythms he adored.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EEven the brush strokes perpetuate motion, explains Verbeek. The thin, vertical yellow plane, for example, is painted – counterintuitively – in painstaking horizontal strokes, creating that characteristic duality and opposition, while at the same time reminding us of the individual, the artist's steady hand, within the universal.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EEven appreciated at their most superficial level, Mondrian's appealing and immediately recognisable grids have made a lasting impression, emboldening and democratising the art world and elevating the status of the graphic and the geometric.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWe see the influence of Mondrian's colour palette and sharp angles in \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.artsy.net\u002Fartwork\u002Froy-lichtenstein-m-maybe-he-became-ill\"\u003ELichtenstein\u003C\u002Fa\u003E's Pop Art, and echoes of his \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.artsy.net\u002Fartwork\u002Fpiet-mondrian-composition-with-grid-8-checker-board-composition-with-dark-colours\"\u003Echeckerboards\u003C\u002Fa\u003E in the painted mosaics of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic.dw.com\u002Fimage\u002F60669446_401.jpg\"\u003EGerhard Richter\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. Architects from \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Finvest-in.sk\u002Fen\u002Freferencie\u002Fmondrian-en\u002F\"\u003ESlovakia\u003C\u002Fa\u003E to \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.playavistaliving.com\u002Fguide\u002Fmondrian-at-playa-vista\u002F\"\u003Ethe US\u003C\u002Fa\u003E still experiment with the principles of De Stijl, and fashion brands such as \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.kunstmuseum.nl\u002Fen\u002Fexhibitions\u002Ffashion-style\"\u003EYves Saint Laurent\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.lofficiel.co.uk\u002Ffashion-week\u002Fwhen-hermes-meets-mondrian-fall-winter-2020-fashion-show\"\u003EHermès\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.metmuseum.org\u002Fart\u002Fcollection\u002Fsearch\u002F758578\"\u003EMoschino\u003C\u002Fa\u003E and even \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fsneakerbardetroit.com\u002Fnike-sb-dunk-low-piet-mondrian-304292-702-2008-release-date\u002F\"\u003ENike\u003C\u002Fa\u003E have all brought Mondrian's grids to life on their runways.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn the Stedelijk Museum, where a century ago Mondrian raised a glass with friends, the 1922 masterpiece hangs innocently, its central white square staring blankly at passing visitors, directing their gaze on a perpetual journey in and around it. Is the work a pattern, a painting, a design or a dance?\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFor those who know, there's music within, but most just look on inquisitively. The colours appear to flee the frame and the unfinished grid lines keep up their tease. \"I think he just wanted to keep the image as open as possible,\" muses the Beyeler's Ulf Küster. \"All good artists ask more questions than they give answers.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.fondationbeyeler.ch\u002Fen\u002Fexhibitions\u002Fmondrian\"\u003EMondrian Evolution\u003C\u002Fa\u003E is at the Foundation Beyeler until 9 October 2022.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.kunstmuseum.nl\u002Fen\u002Fexhibitions\u002Fmondrian-de-stijl\"\u003EMondrian & De Stijl\u003C\u002Fa\u003E is on permanent display at the Kunstmuseum Den Haag. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.kunstmuseum.nl\u002Fen\u002Fexhibitions\u002Fmondrian-moves\"\u003EMondrian Moves\u003C\u002Fa\u003E runs until 25 September 2022.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EIf you would like to comment on this story or anything else you have seen on BBC Culture, head over to our \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.facebook.com\u002Fpages\u002FBBC-Culture\u002F237388053065908\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003EFacebook\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E page or message us on\u003C\u002Fem\u003E \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftwitter.com\u002Fbbc_culture\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003ETwitter\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EAnd if you liked this story, \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fpages.emails.bbc.com\u002Fsubscribe\u002F\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003Esign up for the weekly bbc.com features newsletter\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E, called The Essential List. A handpicked selection of stories from BBC Future, Culture, Worklife and Travel, delivered to your inbox every Friday.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220711-piet-mondrian-and-the-six-lines-that-made-a-masterpiece-14"}],"collection":["culture\u002Fcolumn\u002Fart"],"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2022-07-12T08:00:00Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","headlineLong":"Piet Mondrian and the six lines that made a masterpiece","headlineShort":"The six lines that made a masterpiece","image":["p0cl79z1"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[{"Content":{"Description":"Apple News Publish: Select to publish, remove to unpublish. (Do not just delete or unpublish the story)","Name":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Entity":"option","Guid":"13f4bc85-ae27-4a34-9397-0e6ad3619619","Id":"option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","ModifiedDateTime":"2022-02-27T22:52:24.455144Z","Project":"wwverticals","Slug":"option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1"},"Urn":"urn:pubpipe:wwverticals:option:option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","_id":"62df7f2643d9f457224cbb67"}],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"culture","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":null,"relatedStories":null,"relatedTag":["tag\u002F1922---the-year-that-changed-how-we-think"],"summaryLong":"A 1922 painting by Piet Mondrian challenged art history, defining a new era, writes Deborah Nicholls-Lee.","summaryShort":"How a 1922 painting broke the mould","tag":["tag\u002F1922---the-year-that-changed-how-we-think","tag\u002Fart-history"],"textToSpeech":false,"creationDateTime":"2022-07-11T23:30:25.329128Z","entity":"article","guid":"cec5816e-ec9a-43f6-bbd3-20f4ea6ea5e8","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220711-piet-mondrian-and-the-six-lines-that-made-a-masterpiece","modifiedDateTime":"2022-07-11T23:30:25.329128Z","project":"wwverticals","slug":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220711-piet-mondrian-and-the-six-lines-that-made-a-masterpiece","cacheLastUpdated":1659430088841},"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220407-the-best-books-of-the-year-2022":{"urn":"urn:pubpipe:wwverticals:article:culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220407-the-best-books-of-the-year-2022","_id":"62df811d43d9f46d96385c7c","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":["culture\u002Fauthor\u002Frebecca-laurence-and-lindsay-baker"],"bodyIntro":"Memoir, poetry and time travel stories are among the BBC Culture picks, write Rebecca Laurence and Lindsay Baker.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EYoung Mungo by Douglas Stuart \u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EDouglas Stuart, the author of the Booker Prize-winning Shuggie Bain (2020), has won rapturous praise once again for his second novel, a heartbreaking queer love story between Protestant Mungo and Catholic James, who come together across the divided landscape of a Glasgow council estate in the post-Thatcher era. \"Young Mungo is a suspense story wrapped around a novel of acute psychological observation. It's hard to imagine a more disquieting and powerful work of fiction will be published anytime soon about the perils of being different,\" \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.npr.org\u002F2022\u002F03\u002F29\u002F1089215299\u002Fbook-review-young-mungo-douglas-stuart\"\u003Esays Maureen Corrigan, book critic of NPR's Fresh Air\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. \"If the first novel announced Stuart as a novelist of great promise, this confirms him as a prodigious talent,\" \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.theguardian.com\u002Fbooks\u002F2022\u002Fapr\u002F03\u002Fyoung-mungo-by-douglas-stuart-review-another-weepy-from-a-writer-on-a-roll\"\u003Ewrites Alex Preston in The Observer\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. (RL)\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220407-the-best-books-of-the-year-2022-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0ckhlzw"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220407-the-best-books-of-the-year-2022-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EThe Candy House by Jennifer Egan\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn Jennifer Egan's 2011 novel A Visit from the Goon Squad, Bix Bouton featured as a minor character. Now he is back as a tech visionary at the opening of The Candy House, as CEO of internet giant Mandala who is in search of his next \"utopian vision\". Bouton's invention, Own Your Unconscious, is the catalyst for the novel's exploration of the end of privacy in the digital age and how tech turns the world upside down. Meanwhile, the underlying temptation metaphor of Hansel and Gretel's \"candy house\" permeates the book. It is an \"exhilarating, deeply pleasurable\" novel, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.prospectmagazine.co.uk\u002Farts-and-books\u002Fthe-candy-house-jennifer-egan-review-prospect\"\u003Esays Prospect\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, while \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F2022\u002F04\u002F06\u002Fbooks\u002Freview\u002Fjennifer-egan-the-candy-house.html\"\u003EThe New York Times calls it\u003C\u002Fa\u003E \"a spectacular palace built out of rabbit holes\". (LB)\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EEither\u002FOr by Elif Batuman\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EA sequel to her 2017 Pulitzer-Prize nominated debut, The Idiot, Batuman's semi-autobiographical second novel continues the adventures of Selin Karadag, a Russian literature student in her sophomore year at Harvard University in 1996. Using Kierkegaard's classic philosophical work as a starting point, Soren ponders the meaning of life through the Danish philosopher's theory of the choice between morality and hedonism, using her literature syllabus as her guide. \"Either\u002FOr is a sequel that amplifies the meaning of its predecessor while expanding its philosophical ambit,\" \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.washingtonpost.com\u002Fbooks\u002F2022\u002F05\u002F24\u002Feither-or-idiot-squel-elif-batuman\u002F\"\u003Ewrites Charles Arrowsmith in The Washington Post\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, while \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fnewrepublic.com\u002Farticle\u002F166526\u002Felif-batumans-experiment-eventfulness-either-or\"\u003ESophie Haigney in The New Republic\u003C\u002Fa\u003E praises Batuman's \"brilliant, funny observations.\" (RL)\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220407-the-best-books-of-the-year-2022-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0ckhkvx"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220407-the-best-books-of-the-year-2022-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EConstructing a Nervous System by Margo Jefferson\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn her follow-up to 2015's Negroland, Margo Jefferson blends criticism and memoir, recalling personal experiences and family members she has lost, as well as jazz luminaries, artists and writers she admires. The veteran critic draws on a rich life full of cultural experience, as well as new thinking about the part race has played in her life, and addresses the core theme of black female identity. \"Her approach is an almost poetic presentation of fragments of her experiences as they ricocheted off artists whose work and lives she has found meaningful,\" \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.washingtonpost.com\u002Foutlook\u002F2022\u002F04\u002F22\u002Fcritic-margo-jeffersons-memoir-life-is-refracted-through-art\u002F\"\u003Esays The Washington Post\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. \"It's an extraordinary reading experience - the first book I recall wanting to reread immediately after reaching the end.\" Or, as \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.theguardian.com\u002Fbooks\u002F2022\u002Fmay\u002F01\u002Fconstructing-a-nervous-system-review-a-deeply-personal-account-of-black-female-identity\"\u003EThe Observer puts it\u003C\u002Fa\u003E: \"It is impossible not to be stirred by her odes to fellow black American strivers of excellence.\" (LB)\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EIn Love: A Memoir of Love and Loss by Amy Bloom\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EDescribed \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.theguardian.com\u002Fbooks\u002F2022\u002Fapr\u002F05\u002Fin-love-a-memoir-of-love-and-loss-by-amy-bloom-review-a-courageous-bittersweet-howl\"\u003Eby Hephzibah Anderson in The Guardian\u003C\u002Fa\u003E as \"a courageous howl of a memoir\" In Love… is the story of novelist and psychotherapist Bloom's journey to aid her husband to end his life, after a 2019 diagnosis of early-onset Alzheimer's. The narrative jumps back and forth, documenting the frustrations and administrative red tape Bloom encounters and the ethical considerations involved with assisted suicide, while drawing a vivid picture of her husband, the architect Brian Ameche, with wit, compassion and dark humour. The memoir acts as a powerful testament to the couple's \"stickily close\" and tender relationship, as Bloom, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.theguardian.com\u002Fbooks\u002F2022\u002Fapr\u002F15\u002Fin-love-by-amy-bloom-review-a-moving-memoir-of-a-life-lived-together\"\u003Ewrites Salley Vickers, also in The Guardian\u003C\u002Fa\u003E: \"has written about him [Brian] with all the brave-spirited, undaunted love to which the book bears stupendous witness.\" (RL)\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ELove Marriage by Monica Ali\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe tragicomic novel Love Marriage tells the story of Yasmin, junior doctor and dutiful daughter, who, as her wedding day draws closer, begins to dismantle her own assumptions about the people around her. Both her and her fiance's family face an unravelling of secrets, lies and infidelities, and Yasmin must ask herself what a \"love marriage\" really means. Monica Ali's 2003 novel Brick Lane was shortlisted for the Booker Prize, and this is her most acclaimed book since then. It is a \"rich, sensitive and gloriously entertaining novel – her fifth, and possibly her best,\" \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.the-tls.co.uk\u002Farticles\u002Flove-marriage-monica-ali-book-review-tash-aw\u002F\"\u003Esays the TLS\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, and \"juggles so many questions and plot lines that we keep expecting one of them to break free and become detached… yet everything remains utterly coherent and convincing.\" \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.spectator.co.uk\u002Farticle\u002Fat-last-a-literary-sexy-novel-love-marriage-by-monica-ali-reviewed\"\u003EThe Spectator praises the novel\u003C\u002Fa\u003E too: \"It dares to be deliberately funny,\" it says, and is \"absolutely terrific… genuinely touching.\" (LB)\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220407-the-best-books-of-the-year-2022-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0ckhk9w"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220407-the-best-books-of-the-year-2022-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ETiepolo Blue by James Cahill\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EDon Lamb is a repressed 40-something Cambridge art historian working on a monograph about the the paintings of the eponymous 18th-Century Venetian master. It's 1994, the contemporary art world is rapidly changing, and after an embarrassing faux pas, Lamb is removed from Cambridge to manage a South London gallery, where he encounters Ben, a young artist who introduces him to the capital's hedonistic nightlife and a reckoning with his sexuality. Tiepolo Blue combines \"formal elegance with gripping storytelling,\" \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ft.com\u002Fcontent\u002F45e4f770-2f1b-49d9-9d72-e74966902b29\"\u003Ewrites the FT\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. \"[Its] delicious unease and pervasive threat give this assured first novel great singularity and a kind of gothic edge,\" \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.theguardian.com\u002Fbooks\u002F2022\u002Fjun\u002F11\u002Ftiepolo-blue-by-james-cahill-review-a-bold-debut-of-psychosexual-awakening\"\u003Ewrites Michael Donkor in The Guardian\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. (RL)\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EFire Island: Love, Loss and Liberation in an American Paradise by Jack Parlett\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn his meditative look back at the famous queer party island in New York, Jack Parlett adds his own autobiographical asides. The result is a place-based memoir about hedonism, reinvention and liberation that has been widely acclaimed. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F2022\u002F06\u002F07\u002Fbooks\u002Freview\u002Ffire-island-jack-parlett.html\"\u003EThe New York Times says\u003C\u002Fa\u003E: \"[Parlett's] concise, meticulously researched, century-spanning chronicle of queer life on Fire Island captures, with a plain-spoken yet lyric touch, the locale's power to stun and shame, to give pleasure and symbolise evanescence.\" Populated by the mid-century literati – WH Auden, James Baldwin, Patricia Highsmith all make appearances – the book explores the culture and hierarchies of Fire Island's communities. \"Utopias tend to be flawed in revealing ways,\" \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.the-tls.co.uk\u002Farticles\u002Ffire-island-jack-parlett-book-review-tom-seymour-evans\u002F\"\u003Esays the TLS\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, and this \"sets the tone for an island history that's deeply felt and keenly judged.\" (LB)\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EPure Colour by Sheila Heti\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EA follow-up to her 2018 novel Motherhood, Sheila Heti's Pure Colour is billed as \"a book about the shape of life, from beginning to end,\" and combines the real with the abstract and surreal in its story of Mira. An aspiring art critic, she meets and falls in love with Annie, who opens up Mira's chest to a portal with her enormous power. Later, when her father dies, Mira transforms into a leaf for a long section. Pure Colour is \"simultaneously wise and silly, moving and inscrutable\" \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.npr.org\u002F2022\u002F02\u002F17\u002F1080574700\u002Fpure-colour-review-sheila-heti-lily-meyer\"\u003Ewrites Lily Meyer in NPR\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. \"The apocalypse written as trance, a sleepwalker's song about the end of all things… Pure Colour is an original, a book that says something new for our difficult times\", \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.theguardian.com\u002Fbooks\u002F2022\u002Ffeb\u002F16\u002Fpure-colour-by-sheila-heti-review-love-philosophy-and-foliage\"\u003Ewrites Anne Enright in The Guardian\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. (RL)\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ESea of Tranquillity by Emily St John Mandel\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe prescient 2014 novel Station Eleven – a dystopian story of a devastating pandemic – was a hit for Emily St John Mandel, winning the Arthur C Clarke award, and also spawning a TV series. Her new book, the time-travelling story Sea of Tranquillity, begins in 1912, with a listless young British immigrant starting a new life in Canada who, when wandering in the woods, experiences an incomprehensible paranormal event. The narrative moves forward to the present day, and then to two futuristic time zones, weaving together disparate threads. The novel has \"intellectual heft\", \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.scotsman.com\u002Farts-and-culture\u002Fbooks\u002Fbook-review-sea-of-tranquility-by-emily-st-john-mandel-3671931\"\u003Esays The Scotsman\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, and \"St John Mandel is an intelligent, acute and sympathetic writer\". Sea of Tranquillity is, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.theguardian.com\u002Fbooks\u002F2022\u002Fapr\u002F20\u002Fsea-of-tranquility-by-emily-st-john-mandel-review-time-travel-drama\"\u003Esays the Guardian\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, \"hugely ambitious in scope, yet also intimate and written with a graceful and beguiling fluency.\" (LB)\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220407-the-best-books-of-the-year-2022-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0ckhhz2"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220407-the-best-books-of-the-year-2022-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMemphis by Tara M Stringfellow\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\"A rhapsodic hymn to black women,\" \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F2022\u002F04\u002F05\u002Fbooks\u002Freview\u002Fmemphis-tara-m-stringfellow.html\"\u003Ewrites Kia Corthron in the New York Times\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, of poet, storyteller and former lawyer Stringfellow's first novel, which spans 70 years and three generations: Hazel, daughters Miriam and August and granddaughter Joan. Memphis is, Stringfellow says, \"an ode to my city and the black women living here in it... full of mystery and magic and humour and grit.\" \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.irishtimes.com\u002Fculture\u002Fbooks\u002Fmemphis-honours-the-strength-creativity-and-resilience-of-black-women-1.4839061\"\u003EThe Irish Times praises Stringfellow\u003C\u002Fa\u003E: \"Her women are vivid, formidable and funny, exposing the legacy of racial violence not just within the microcosm of family or the titular city, but nationally,\" \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.washingtonpost.com\u002Fbooks\u002F2022\u002F04\u002F13\u002Fmemphis-tara-stringfellow-book-review\u002F\"\u003Ewhile The Washington Post writes\u003C\u002Fa\u003E: \"With her richly impressionistic style, Stringfellow captures the changes transforming Memphis in the latter half of the 20th Century.” (RL)\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ETime is a Mother by Ocean Vuong\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn his second poetry collection, written in the aftermath of his mother's death, Ocean Vuong contemplates personal loss, the meaning of family, and tenderness in the face of violence. The episodic poem Dear Rose addresses his dead mother about her journey as an immigrant from Vietnam to the US. \"Because Vuong plays with time by the millisecond – slowing down or speeding up old memories or conversations – he uncovers new enlightening details that have a life of their own,\" \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.theguardian.com\u002Fbooks\u002F2022\u002Fapr\u002F11\u002Ftime-is-a-mother-by-ocean-vuong-review-writing-that-demands-all-of-your-lungs\"\u003Esays The Guardian\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fartsfuse.org\u002F254373\u002Fpoetry-review-time-is-a-mother-grieving-through-language\u002F\"\u003EArtfuse describes\u003C\u002Fa\u003E Time is a Mother as a \"dazzling investigation of love and loss, inspiring both nostalgia and release\", and says the poet's language, \"recognises the trauma of death, but also revels in the glory of life\". (LB)\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220407-the-best-books-of-the-year-2022-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0cknx73"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220407-the-best-books-of-the-year-2022-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EHow High We Go in the Dark by Sequoia Nagamatsu\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMuch of Nagamatsu's debut novel was completed before 2020, and its themes will strike readers with their prescience. Set in the near-future, a team of scientists in Siberia discover a mummified pre-historic female corpse they name \"Annie\", which holds a disease that sets off a catastrophic pandemic named \"the Arctic Plague\". Nagamatsu focuses on the human side of the crisis, leaping forward 6,000 years to reveal a society that has commercialised death, and the long-reaching legacy of past decisions. Expansive and genre-defying, it is told through discrete stories that slowly coalesce. \"Like a Polaroid photograph, How High We Go in the Dark takes time to show its true colours. When they finally appear, the effect is all the more dazzling,\" \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.theguardian.com\u002Fbooks\u002F2022\u002Fjan\u002F20\u002Fhow-high-we-go-in-the-dark-by-sequoia-nagamatsu-review-a-new-plague\"\u003Ewrites the Guardian\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. It is, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F2022\u002F01\u002F18\u002Fbooks\u002Freview\u002Fsequoia-nagamatsu-how-high-we-go-in-the-dark.html\"\u003Ewrites the New York Times\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, \"a book of sorrow for the destruction we're bringing on ourselves. Yet the novel reminds us there's still hope in human connections, despite our sadness.\" (RL)\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EBurning Questions by Margaret Atwood\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ENow in the seventh decade of her remarkable literary career, Margaret Atwood has written her third collection of essays that, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Finews.co.uk\u002Fculture\u002Fbooks\u002Fburning-questions-by-margaret-atwood-review-off-kilter-wit-and-an-eternally-fascinating-mind-1489366\"\u003Esays the i newspaper\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, \"brims with enthusiasm and verve\". Broadly looking at events of the past two decades, the range of subjects is wide – from censorship and Obama, to #MeToo and zombies. And there are insights into her own craft and the function of fiction. As the i puts it: \"Atwood always makes the idea of big questions a little more digestible. You find yourself asking: what can fiction do? What can we do, generally?\" The essays are full of a \"droll, deadpan humour and an instinct for self-deprecation\" \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.theguardian.com\u002Fbooks\u002F2022\u002Fmar\u002F03\u002Fburning-questions-by-margaret-atwood-review-wisdom-and-wonder\"\u003Esays the Guardian\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. \"Atwood remains frank, honest and good company.\" (LB)\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EBless the Daughter Raised by a Voice in Her Head by Warsan Shire\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThis is Warsan Shire's long-awaited, first full-length poetry collection, after two pamphlets, Teaching My Mother How to Give Birth (2011) and Her Blue Body (2015). It arrives nearly six years after the Somali-British poet shot to world-wide fame collaborating with Beyoncé on the latter's ground-breaking visual albums, Lemonade (2016) and Black is King (2020). The poems in Bless the Daughter… draw from Shire's own experiences, bringing to vivid life black women's lives, motherhood and migration. \"Shire's strikingly beautiful imagery leverages the specificity of her own womanhood, love life, tussles with mental health, grief, family history, and stories from the Somali diaspora, to make them reverberate universally,\" \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.telegraph.co.uk\u002Fbooks\u002Fwhat-to-read\u002Fbless-daughter-raised-voice-head-warsan-shire-review-not-just\u002F\"\u003Ewrites Dfiza Benson in The Telegraph\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. (RL)\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220407-the-best-books-of-the-year-2022-10"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0c01hs5"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220407-the-best-books-of-the-year-2022-11"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EIn the Margins: On the Pleasures of Reading and Writing by Elena Ferrante\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn the Margins is a collection of four essays in which \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20200828-the-remarkable-cult-of-elena-ferrante\"\u003Ethe best-selling, pseudonymous author\u003C\u002Fa\u003E of the Neapolitan Quartet articulates how and why she writes – and her inspiration, struggles and evolution as both a writer and reader. Ranging from philosophical to practical, the essays give the reader an insight into the enigmatic author's mind, and include an exploration of what a writer is – less an embodied entity, she says, than a stream of \"pure sensibility that feeds on the alphabet\". As the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F2022\u002F03\u002F15\u002Fbooks\u002Freview-in-margins-elena-ferrante.html\"\u003ENew York Times\u003C\u002Fa\u003E puts it: \"For those who wish to burrow gopher-like into the author's mind, Ferrante has prepared a tunnel.\" (LB)\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMoon Witch, Spider King by Marlon James\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe Booker Prize-winning novelist returns with part two of his Dark Star fantasy trilogy, after 2019's Black Leopard, Red Wolf, which the author initially described as the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftime.com\u002F5521259\u002Fmarlon-james-black-leopard-red-wolf-book\u002F\"\u003E\"African Game of Thrones\"\u003C\u002Fa\u003E (he later insisted this was a joke). A female-centric counternarrative to the first novel, Moon Witch, Spider King follows Sogolon, the 177-year-old antihero, and Moon Witch of the title, on an epic and characteristically violent journey. \"Like an ancient African Lisbeth Salander,\" \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ft.com\u002Fcontent\u002Ffee0dab1-5c2d-4181-9351-aa797f7a45bf\"\u003Ewrites the FT\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, \"she dedicates her lonesomeness to meting out lethal rough justice to men who harm women.\" Praising the novel in The New York Times, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F2022\u002F02\u002F14\u002Fbooks\u002Freview\u002Fmarlon-james-moon-witch-spider-king.html\"\u003EEowyn Ivey writes\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, \"the Moon Witch lit my path and showed me how a woman might navigate this dangerous, remarkable world\". (RL)\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EOlga Dies Dreaming by Xochitl Gonzalez\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIdentity, elites, race and capitalism are the areas explored in this multi-layered novel, the first by Xochitl Gonzalez. This \"impressive debut\", says \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.theguardian.com\u002Fbooks\u002F2022\u002Fjan\u002F09\u002Folga-dies-dreaming-by-xochitl-gonzalez-review-nuanced-novel-of-family-race-and-politics\"\u003Ethe Observer\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, is \"deeply satisfying and nuanced… a tender exploration of love in its many forms\". Set in New York City in the months around a devastating hurricane in Puerto Rico, Olga Dies Dreaming follows the story of wedding planner Olga and her congressman brother Prieto. Family strife, political corruption and the notion of the American dream all feature in this \"irresistibly warm yet entirely uncompromising\" novel, says \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.theskinny.co.uk\u002Fbooks\u002Fbook-reviews\u002Folga-dies-dreaming-by-xochitl-gonzalez\"\u003EThe Skinny\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. (LB)\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220407-the-best-books-of-the-year-2022-12"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0c07622"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220407-the-best-books-of-the-year-2022-13"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGlory by NoViolet Bulawayo\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ENoViolet Bulawayo became the first black African woman – and first Zimbabwean – to be shortlisted for the Booker Prize, for her 2013 debut, We Need New Names. Nine years later, Glory is an Orwell-inspired fable set in the animal kingdom of Jidada, which satirises the 2017 coup that toppled Zimbabwean President Robert Mugabe (Bulawayo has explained that Glory began its life as a non-fiction account of this history). As a fierce but comedic allegory, Glory can be seen as a companion piece to Wole Soyinka's 2021 satire of Nigerian society, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20211005-wole-soyinka-the-books-that-really-change-the-world\"\u003EChronicles from the Land of the Happiest People on Earth\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. \"By aiming the long, piercing gaze of this metaphor at the aftereffects of European imperialism in Africa, Bulawayo is really out-Orwelling Orwell,\" \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F2022\u002F03\u002F06\u002Fbooks\u002Freview\u002Fnoviolet-bulawayo-glory.html\"\u003Ewrites the New York Times\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. \"Glory,\" \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.theguardian.com\u002Fbooks\u002F2022\u002Fmar\u002F23\u002Fglory-by-noviolet-bulawayo-review-a-zimbabwean-animal-farm\"\u003Ewrites the Guardian\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, \"with a flicker of hope at its end, is allegory, satire and fairytale rolled into one mighty punch\". (RL)\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EFrench Braid by Anne Tyler\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAnne Tyler's 24th novel is \"an extraordinarily rich portrait of a family in flux,\" according to the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.standard.co.uk\u002Fculture\u002Fbooks\u002Ffrench-braid-by-anne-tyler-book-review-b989563.html\"\u003EEvening Standard\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. \"Tyler's set pieces seem undramatic, but her rhythms are masterly.\" The novel tells the story of the Garrett family across six decades, and like most of Tyler's works, is an ensemble piece that spans the generations, set in Baltimore. The story starts with a lakeside family holiday, where rifts emerge that are largely unvoiced, and that unravel in the lives of each family member as the years progress. It is \"thoroughly enjoyable,\" \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.theguardian.com\u002Fbooks\u002F2022\u002Fmar\u002F07\u002Ffrench-braid-by-anne-tyler-review-rifts-and-reunions-in-robins-nest\"\u003Esays the Guardian\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, \"and at this point any Tyler book is a gift\". French Braid is \"funny, poignant, generous… it suggests there's always new light to be shed, whatever the situation, with just another turn of the prism.\" (LB)\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ETo Paradise by Hanya Yanagihara\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EYanagihara's highly-anticipated third novel follows her bestselling, Booker Prize-shortlisted 2015 breakthrough, A Little Life. To Paradise, which was released in January to both rapturous acclaim and cries of dissent, is, like its predecessor, lengthy (at 720 pages) and dwells on deep suffering rather than joy, which has drawn criticism in some parts. Multi-form, and spanning three centuries, it is a compelling and wildly ambitious work, offering no less than an alternate retelling of the US, through 1890s New York, Hawaii and a dystopian, late-21st Century. \"Resolution is not available here, but some of the most poignant feelings that literature can elicit certainly are,\" \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.vogue.com\u002Farticle\u002Fbest-books-2022\"\u003Ewrites Vogue\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, while \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bostonglobe.com\u002F2022\u002F01\u002F06\u002Farts\u002Fhanya-yanagiharas-new-novel-ponders-freedom-loneliness\u002F\"\u003Ethe Boston Globe calls it\u003C\u002Fa\u003E \"a rich, emotional, and thought-provoking read.\" (RL)\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220407-the-best-books-of-the-year-2022-14"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0c01hhj"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220407-the-best-books-of-the-year-2022-15"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EThe School for Good Mothers by Jessamine Chan \u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFrida Liu is a working single mother in a near future who makes the mistake of leaving her child alone at home for a couple of hours one afternoon. Authorities are summoned by the neighbours, and her daughter Harriet is taken from her. Frida is given the choice to either lose her child permanently, or to spend a year at a state-run re-education camp for mothers where inmates must care for eerily lifelike robot children, equipped with surveillance cameras. Calling this novel \"dystopian\" doesn't feel quite right, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.wired.com\u002Fstory\u002Fschool-for-good-mothers-dystopian-reality\u002F\"\u003Esays Wired\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. \"Near-dystopian, maybe? Ever-so-slightly speculative? This closeness to reality is what turns the book's emotional gut punch into a full knockout wallop.\" The School for Good Mothers is, says the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F2022\u002F01\u002F11\u002Fbooks\u002Freview-school-for-good-mothers-jessamine-chan.html\"\u003ENew York Times\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, \"a chilling debut\". (LB)\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EThe Exhibitionist by Charlotte Mendelson\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe Hanrahan family gather for a weekend as the patriarch Ray – artist and notorious egoist – prepares for a new exhibition of his art. Ray's three grown-up children and steadfast wife, Lucia, all have their own choices to make. This fifth novel by Mendelson has been longlisted for the Women's Prize, and has been highly praised. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.theguardian.com\u002Fbooks\u002F2022\u002Fmar\u002F13\u002Fthe-exhibitionist-by-charlotte-mendelson-review-scenes-from-a-marriage\"\u003EThe Guardian\u003C\u002Fa\u003E points to the author's \"succinct specificity of detail,\" and \"a precision of observation that made me laugh frequently and smile when I wasn't laughing\". According to the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.spectator.co.uk\u002Farticle\u002Fportrait-of-a-domestic-tyrant-the-exhibitionist-by-charlotte-mendelson-reviewed\"\u003ESpectator\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, Mendelson excels at \"vivid, drily hilarious tales about messy families\". The Exhibitionist is \"a glorious ride. Mendelson observes the minutiae of human behaviour like a comic anthropologist.\" (LB) \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EFree Love by Tessa Hadley\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.theguardian.com\u002Fbooks\u002F2015\u002Faug\u002F28\u002Fthe-past-by-tessa-hadley-review\"\u003EDescribed by The Guardian\u003C\u002Fa\u003E in 2015 as \"one of this country's great contemporary novelists,\" British writer and academic Hadley has been quietly producing works of subtly powerful prose for two decades. Like her recent novels, The Past (2015) and Late in the Day (2019), Free Love – Hadley's eighth – explores intimate relationships, sexuality, memory and grief, through an apparently ordinary-looking suburban family. But, Hadley writes, \"under the placid surface of suburbia, something was unhinged.\" Set amid the culture clash of the late 1960s, the novel interrogates the counterculture's idealistic vision of sexual freedom, in, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Finews.co.uk\u002Fculture\u002Fbooks\u002Ffree-love-by-tessa-hadley-review-a-powerful-tale-of-personal-awakening-1413005\"\u003Ewrites the i newspaper\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, \"a complex tale of personal awakening and a snapshot of a moment in time when the survivors of war were suddenly painted as relics by a new generation determined not to live under their dour and hesitant shadow.\" \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.npr.org\u002F2022\u002F02\u002F05\u002F1078241189\u002Ftessa-hadley-review-free-love-heller-mcalpin?t=1649331516367\"\u003ENPR writes\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, \"Free Love is a fresh, moving evocation of the dawning of the Age of Aquarius.\" (RL)\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EBlack Cake by Charmaine Wilkerson\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EA debut novel, Black Cake tells the backstory of an African-American family of Caribbean origin, and two siblings who are reunited after eight years of estrangement at their mother's funeral where they discover their unusual inheritance. The plot is driven by an omniscient narrator, dialogue and flashbacks. It is, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F2022\u002F02\u002F01\u002Fbooks\u002Fgroup-text-black-cake-charmaine-wilkerson.html\"\u003Esays the New York Times\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, full of \"family secrets, big lies, great loves, bright colours and strong smells\". The themes of race , identity and family love are all incorporated, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.independent.co.uk\u002Fnews\u002Fbyron-caribbean-b2004219.html\"\u003Esays the Independent\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, \"but the fun is in the reading… Black Cake is a satisfying literary meal, heralding the arrival of a new novelist to watch.\" (LB)\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAuē\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E by Becky Manawatu\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ETold through several viewpoints, \u003Cem\u003EAuē\u003C\u002Fem\u003E tells the story of Māori siblings who have lost their parents, with each sibling telling their tale, and later their mother, Aroha, also telling hers from the afterlife. The novel has already won two awards in New Zealand, and is now gaining wider praise. \"The plot reveals are masterful,\" \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.theguardian.com\u002Fbooks\u002F2022\u002Fmar\u002F11\u002Faue-by-becky-manawatu-review-an-enthralling-new-zealand-bestseller\"\u003Esays The Guardian\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. \"Auē has done well because it is expertly crafted, but also because it has something indefinable: enthralling, puzzling, gripping and familiar, yet otherworldly.\" (LB)\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EIf you would like to comment on this story or anything else you have seen on BBC Culture, head over to our \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.facebook.com\u002Fpages\u002FBBC-Culture\u002F237388053065908\"\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EFacebook\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E page or message us on\u003C\u002Fem\u003E \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftwitter.com\u002Fbbc_culture\"\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ETwitter\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EAnd if you liked this story, \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fpages.emails.bbc.com\u002Fsubscribe\u002F\"\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Esign up for the weekly bbc.com features newsletter\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E, called The Essential List. A handpicked selection of stories from BBC Future, Culture, Worklife and Travel, delivered to your inbox every Friday.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220407-the-best-books-of-the-year-2022-16"}],"collection":null,"disableAdverts":true,"displayDate":"2022-07-08T00:00:00Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","headlineLong":"The 26 best books of the year so far 2022","headlineShort":"The 26 best books of the year so far","image":["p0ckhm82"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Author","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[{"Content":{"Description":"Apple News Publish: Select to publish, remove to unpublish. (Do not just delete or unpublish the story)","Name":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Entity":"option","Guid":"13f4bc85-ae27-4a34-9397-0e6ad3619619","Id":"option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","ModifiedDateTime":"2022-02-27T22:52:24.455144Z","Project":"wwverticals","Slug":"option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1"},"Urn":"urn:pubpipe:wwverticals:option:option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","_id":"62df7f2643d9f457224cbb67"}],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"culture","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"Author","promoImage":["p0ckhm82"],"relatedStories":null,"relatedTag":["tag\u002Fbooks"],"summaryLong":"Memoir, poetry and time travel stories are among the BBC Culture picks, write Rebecca Laurence and Lindsay Baker.","summaryShort":"Memoir, poetry and time travel stories are among the BBC Culture picks","tag":["tag\u002Fbooks"],"textToSpeech":false,"creationDateTime":"2022-04-07T23:00:19.48953Z","entity":"article","guid":"11bacc55-642a-4f1c-a516-7d1398e22b0b","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220407-the-best-books-of-the-year-2022","modifiedDateTime":"2022-07-08T11:29:07.993785Z","project":"wwverticals","slug":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220407-the-best-books-of-the-year-2022","cacheLastUpdated":1659430088842},"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20171013-inside-the-most-lovely-and-quirky-homes-of-havana":{"urn":"urn:pubpipe:wwverticals:article:culture\u002Farticle\u002F20171013-inside-the-most-lovely-and-quirky-homes-of-havana","_id":"62df7e9143d9f46d834bf264","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"gallery","assetVideo":null,"author":["culture\u002Fauthor\u002Flindsay-baker"],"bodyIntro":"With an emphasis on mid-Century influences, along with Cuban ingenuity and flair, a new book Havana Living Today, by Hermes Mallea, explores the city’s most beautiful homes.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"ImageGallery","iFrameType":"","imageGallery":["p05jvsvn"],"id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20171013-inside-the-most-lovely-and-quirky-homes-of-havana-0"}],"collection":["culture\u002Fpremium-collection\u002Fdesigned"],"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2017-10-30T10:00:00Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"","headlineLong":"Inside the most distinctive homes of Havana","headlineShort":"Havana’s most beautiful homes","image":["p05g77jy"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":null,"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"culture","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":["p05g77jy"],"relatedStories":null,"relatedTag":null,"summaryLong":"With an emphasis on mid-Century influences, along with Cuban ingenuity and flair, a new book Havana Living Today, by Hermes Mallea, explores the city’s most beautiful homes.","summaryShort":"A surprising look inside some of Cuba’s most distinctive dwellings","tag":null,"textToSpeech":false,"creationDateTime":"2020-04-30T14:49:21.51599Z","entity":"article","guid":"5cfc186c-d104-476f-80b7-c83d1de21ce9","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20171013-inside-the-most-lovely-and-quirky-homes-of-havana","modifiedDateTime":"2022-02-24T12:03:10.238064Z","project":"wwverticals","slug":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20171013-inside-the-most-lovely-and-quirky-homes-of-havana","cacheLastUpdated":1659430088846},"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220318-the-ancient-enigma-that-still-resonates-today":{"urn":"urn:pubpipe:wwverticals:article:culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220318-the-ancient-enigma-that-still-resonates-today","_id":"62df7ec943d9f46dab6561d3","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":[],"bodyIntro":"From Neolithic times to the latest high-rise architecture, it is a mysterious symbol. Beverley D'Silva explores how the infinite, twisting spiral has influenced artists, thinkers and designers for millennia.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp class=\"Body\"\u003EThey are to be found everywhere – in the structure of a snail's shell or a pine cone, or the whorl of our fingerprints; in the shape of the Dean's Staircase at St Paul's Cathedral, or the exterior and interior of the Guggenheim Museum in New York; in the tusk of the narwhal – or, indeed, the unicorn; winding through the heart of our \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.space.com\u002F22382-spiral-galaxy.html\"\u003Egalaxy\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, and in the double helix of our DNA.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"Body\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMore like this:\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"Body\"\u003E-          \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20201207-how-rest-and-relaxation-became-an-art\"\u003EHow rest and relaxation became an art\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"Body\"\u003E-          \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20201215-inside-the-homes-of-remarkable-artists-and-writers\"\u003EInside the homes of remarkable artists\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"Body\"\u003E-          \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20201208-cottagecore-and-the-rise-of-the-modern-rural-fantasy\"\u003EHow rural bliss became a modern fantasy\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"Body\"\u003EThe spiral is one of the oldest geometric shapes found in the ancient world – \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.euppublishing.com\u002Fdoi\u002Fabs\u002F10.3366\u002Fgas.1993.18.18.11\"\u003Epetroglyphs of the symbols \u003C\u002Fa\u003Edate back to the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fglobaljournals.org\u002FGJHSS_Volume16\u002F6-Did-the-Spiral-Engravings.pdf\"\u003ENeolithic period\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, and they are one of the most common patterns in nature, found in the path of draining water or the eye of a hurricane.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220318-the-ancient-enigma-that-still-resonates-today-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Shell","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220318-the-ancient-enigma-that-still-resonates-today-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp class=\"Body\"\u003EThere are various types, such as the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fartsandculture.google.com\u002Fentity\u002Flogarithmic-spiral\u002Fm0bmlp?hl=en\"\u003Elogarithmic spiral\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, first described by Albrecht Durer in 1525; the Archimedean spiral, so called after the 3rd-Century BC Greek mathematician; Fermat's spiral; the helix and the vortex, to name a few. They're prevalent in man-made structures in art, design and architecture, both secular and sacred – such as the 9th-Century Great Mosque of Samarra or the Vatican Museum's spiral staircase.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"Body\"\u003EAnd this mesmerising form is having a moment, with the imminent launch of what promises to be an iconic new skyscraper in New York. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.dezeen.com\u002F2021\u002F05\u002F07\u002Fspiral-supertall-skyscraper-big-paul-clemence\u002F\"\u003EThe Spiral\u003C\u002Fa\u003E is a 66-floor structure that tapers skyward at 66 Hudson Boulevard; its build cost, including site purchase, was $3.2 billion, and at just over 1,000-ft tall, it's one of the tallest buildings in the city. Open-air garden terraces snake around the building – these double-height atriums on each floor, according to the publicity information, make a \"unique hybrid that intertwines a continuous green pathway\" spiralling up.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"Body\"\u003EDominyka Voelkle, an associate at BIG NYC, the architecture firm behind The Spiral, tells BBC Culture that it has \"a very striking silhouette – modern and recognisable and yet very 'old New York', reminiscent of stepped, setback skyscrapers such as the Rockefeller Centre\". The wellbeing and mental health of occupants were integral to the brief; Spiral's biophilic design – which gives access to outdoor space and better indoor air quality – contributes to that. \"The design will help occupants to find tranquility in a busy environment – and the greenery is there to be calming or provide a little reboot,\" says Voelkle.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220318-the-ancient-enigma-that-still-resonates-today-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"portrait","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220318-the-ancient-enigma-that-still-resonates-today-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp class=\"Body\"\u003ETrees and plants have been \"acclimatised\" upstate before being transplanted to the harsher Manhattan climate prior to planting; providing they take well and flourish, Spiral will be \"the first of its type and the highest vertical garden in the world,\" says Voelkle.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220318-the-ancient-enigma-that-still-resonates-today-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"For Louise Bourgeois, spirals were more than a symbol to toy with – they were embedded in her psyche","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220318-the-ancient-enigma-that-still-resonates-today-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp class=\"Body\"\u003EArtists across the ages have taken inspiration from spirals. Leonardo da Vinci used spirals in many of his drawings, such as those of molluscs, not to mention his double-helix spiral staircase at Chateau de Chambord in France. Meanwhile, Chan Hwee Chong, a contemporary Singapore artist, makes \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.behance.net\u002Fgallery\u002F2267302\u002FFaber-Castell\"\u003Eillustrations\u003C\u002Fa\u003E of famous paintings including Da Vinci's Mona Lisa or Vermeer's Girl with a Pearl Earring using a continuous spiralling line.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"Body\"\u003EFor \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.tate.org.uk\u002Fart\u002Fartworks\u002Fbourgeois-spirals-al00346\"\u003ELouise Bourgeois\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, spirals were more than a symbol to toy with – they were embedded in her psyche, representing the birth, life and rebirth cycle, and sometimes in her work referencing motherhood. The late French-American artist recalled how the spiral – as a potent, occasionally violent, symbol – impressed on her from a young age, and her working life in her family's tapestry restoration business in Paris. \"The spiral is important to me,\" \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.moma.org\u002Fmomaorg\u002Fshared\u002Fpdfs\u002Flouise_bourgeois\u002Flb_essay_2017.pdf\"\u003Eshe said in 1994\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. \"It is a twist. As a child, after washing tapestries in the river, I'd turn and twist and wring them… Later I'd dream of my father's mistress. I'd do it in my dreams by wringing her neck.\" She said she loved the spiral, and it \"represents control and freedom\".\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"Body\"\u003EThe spider is another frequent motif Bourgeois used; her monumental steel spider sculpture Maman dominated the Turbine Hall in London's newly opened Tate Modern in May 2000. Spirals and spiders loom large in \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.southbankcentre.co.uk\u002Fwhats-on\u002Fart-exhibitions\u002Flouise-bourgeois-woven-child\"\u003Ea current show at London's Hayward Gallery\u003C\u002Fa\u003E featuring Bourgeois's fabric art. It includes a sculpture, Spiral Woman, a motif she returned to repeatedly, in which a woman's upper body is trapped in a spiral, like a giant spider's prey. Bourgeois described drawing as \"a secretion, like a thread in a spider's web.\" Katie Guggenheim, assistant curator of The Woven Child, notes that the artist was in psychoanalysis for 30-odd years, and referenced that  throughout eight decades of her career. \"In fact, some of the works seem to be spiralling out of control into madness,\" she notes.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220318-the-ancient-enigma-that-still-resonates-today-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Louise Bourgeois sculpture","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220318-the-ancient-enigma-that-still-resonates-today-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp class=\"BodyA\"\u003ETaking the symbol into nature is Robert Smithson's Spiral Jetty, a giant spiral-shaped environmental artwork of 1,500ft by 15ft. Built with 6,000 tons of basalt at the mouth of a terminal basin in Great Salt Lake, Utah, where it will inevitably be eroded, it reflects Smithson's fascination with entropy. \"One could perhaps see it as a culturally collective symbol of the emergence of the feminine,\" notes the artist's website, which points out \"the spiral goes counter-clockwise, toward the unconscious\".\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"BodyA\"\u003EThe Swiss psychiatrist and psychoanalyst Carl Jung, renowned for his work on symbols, archetypes and the collective unconscious, wrote: \"The spiral in psychology means that when you make a spiral you always come over the same point where you have been before, but never really the same, it is above or below, inside, outside, so it means growth.\" Jung visualised the unconscious process as moving \"spiral-wise round a centre, gradually getting closer, while the characteristics of the centre grow more and more distinct\".\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"BodyA\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\"Serpent of energy\"\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"BodyA\"\u003EA fascination with consciousness and the psyche in the West no doubt contributed to the growing interest in meditation and yoga from the 1960s, such as the practice of kundalini yoga, in which the spiral plays a fundamental role: \"kundal\" is a Sanskrit word for spiral or coil, denoting a serpent of energy that coils up through the chakras. In the healing arts, a spiral represents connectivity to the divine. In Vortex healing, it is believed that a divine spiral energy is brought in through the heart to manifest healing and transformation.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220318-the-ancient-enigma-that-still-resonates-today-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Vertigo, Jungle Book","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220318-the-ancient-enigma-that-still-resonates-today-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp class=\"Body\"\u003EAround the same time, psychedelic art made good use of spirals and kaleidoscopic patterns to suggest the effect of hallucinogenic drugs and altered consciousness. This and the influence of psychoanalysis is clear in films such as Vertigo (1958)  in which director Alfred Hitchcock uses spirals to suggest the \"downward spiral\" into insanity of his main protagonist, Scottie; from the opening credits, a spiral whirling in a graphic eye hypnotises us as a man in silhouette tumbles into a well of psychosis. A spiral staircase triggers Scottie's vertigo and the score, by Bernard Herrmann, was \"built around spirals and circles – of fulfilment and despair\", \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fold.bfi.org.uk\u002Fsightandsound\u002Ffilmmusic\u002Fdetail.php?t=d&q=42\"\u003Eaccording to film director Martin Scorsese\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. And spiral or concentric eyes are animators' shorthand for madness – or hypnosis, such as the sinister scene when Kaa the snake in Jungle Book hypnotises Mowgli in order to eat him.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220318-the-ancient-enigma-that-still-resonates-today-10"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"Spirals are enigmatic, which is perhaps why they lend themselves to interpretations that are, as Jung put it, \"cosmic\"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220318-the-ancient-enigma-that-still-resonates-today-11"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp class=\"Body\"\u003EA nobler intention was at the heart of a New-York based African-American collective, Spiral, formed in 1963, as a direct response to the march on Washington for jobs and freedom rally. Led by Romare Bearden, Norman Lewis, Charles Alston and Hale Woodruff, its 15 members aimed to address how African-American artists should respond to the US's changing political and cultural scene. They chose an Archimedean spiral because, \"from a starting point, it moves outward embracing all directions, yet constantly upward\".\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"Body\"\u003EEmma Amos, Spiral's youngest and only female member, died in May 2020. But the group is still celebrated: fashion designer Duro Olowu wrote in \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.vogue.co.uk\u002Farts-and-lifestyle\u002Farticle\u002Fduro-olowu-emma-amos\"\u003EVogue\u003C\u002Fa\u003E of how he was \"captivated\" by Amos's use of bold, vivid colour, and her \"ability to powerfully challenge sexism and racism… By addressing sexism, racism and stereotypes around black feminism, her paintings offer the kind of resilience and optimism for change that is so important now\".\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"Body\"\u003EA spiral logo was recently chosen by the new creative director of luxury fashion house Chloe, Gabriela Hearst, to flag up its most exquisite artisan pieces. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.vogue.co.uk\u002Fnews\u002Fgallery\u002Fchloe-ss22\"\u003E\"Spirals are in,\" declared Vogue\u003C\u002Fa\u003E in response. \"A nod to circularity, perhaps? Nothing is a coincidence in Hearst’s world; helixes are next season's most coveted motif.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220318-the-ancient-enigma-that-still-resonates-today-12"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Spiral staircase at the Vatican","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220318-the-ancient-enigma-that-still-resonates-today-13"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp class=\"Body\"\u003EAstronomer Edward Hubble narrowed down galaxies into four shapes: elliptical, lenticular, irregular – and spiral. Of all the galaxies scientists have so far discovered, most are of the spiral type, \"twisted collections of stars and gas that often have beautiful shapes\", according to \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.space.com\u002F22382-spiral-galaxy.html\"\u003Espace.com\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. The Milky Way – our solar system – is an \"elegant spiral structure dominated by just two arms wrapping off the ends of a central bar of stars,\" says \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fsolarsystem.nasa.gov\u002Fresources\u002F285\u002Fthe-milky-way-galaxy\u002F\"\u003ENasa Science\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. Spirals are omnipresent, enduring and infinitely fascinating, but they are also enigmatic, which is perhaps why they lend themselves to interpretations that are, as Jung put it, \"cosmic\". Like black holes, they remain one of life's mysteries.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"Body\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.southbankcentre.co.uk\u002Fwhats-on\u002Fart-exhibitions\u002Flouise-bourgeois-woven-child\"\u003E\u003Cem\u003ELouise Bourgeois: The Woven Child\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E is at The Hayward Gallery, London until 15 May 2022.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EIf you would like to comment on this story or anything else you have seen on BBC Culture, head over to our \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.facebook.com\u002Fpages\u002FBBC-Culture\u002F237388053065908\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EFacebook\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E page or message us on \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftwitter.com\u002Fbbc_culture\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ETwitter\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EAnd if you liked this story, \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fpages.emails.bbc.com\u002Fsubscribe\u002F\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003Esign up for the weekly bbc.com features newsletter\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E, called The Essential List. A handpicked selection of stories from BBC Future, Culture, Worklife and Travel, delivered to your inbox every Friday.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"Body\"\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220318-the-ancient-enigma-that-still-resonates-today-14"}],"collection":[],"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2022-03-21T00:00:00Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","headlineLong":"The ancient enigma that still resonates today","headlineShort":"The ancient enigma that resonates now","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Spiral ceiling","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"culture","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"Spiral ceiling","promoImage":[],"relatedStories":null,"relatedTag":[],"summaryLong":"From Neolithic times to the latest architecture, it is a mysterious symbol. Beverley D'Silva explores how the spiral has influenced artists, thinkers and designers for millennia.","summaryShort":"From Neolithic times to today, it has been a mesmerising and mysterious symbol","tag":[],"textToSpeech":false,"creationDateTime":"2022-03-21T00:00:47.714982Z","entity":"article","guid":"03ac9872-01ba-4eea-bc14-4735f0a3de02","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220318-the-ancient-enigma-that-still-resonates-today","modifiedDateTime":"2022-05-04T09:16:16.119593Z","project":"wwverticals","slug":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220318-the-ancient-enigma-that-still-resonates-today","cacheLastUpdated":1659430088846},"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220315-inside-the-ethical-beauty-and-self-care-boom":{"urn":"urn:pubpipe:wwverticals:article:culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220315-inside-the-ethical-beauty-and-self-care-boom","_id":"62df7e4f43d9f457251e73fc","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":[],"bodyIntro":"How is the world of self-care and grooming bringing positive change? Bel Jacobs talks to the 'purpose-driven' creators who are making a difference – to mental health, communities and the planet.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003ERituals of beauty, wellbeing and self-care permeate cultures across history, encompassing ideas of identity and expression, transformation and restoration, cleansing and healing, culture and worth. From a nurturing new face cream to online meditation, beauty and wellbeing provide survival mechanisms, opportunities to take stock and rebalance during anxiety-filled times. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMore like this:\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E-          \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20201207-how-rest-and-relaxation-became-an-art\"\u003EHow rest and relaxation became an art\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E-          \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20201215-inside-the-homes-of-remarkable-artists-and-writers\"\u003EInside the homes of remarkable artists\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E-          \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20201113-why-gen-z-and-millennials-go-wild-for-vintage-clothes\"\u003EWhy buying vintage is 'the new luxury'\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe pandemic has seen a spike in mental health issues – with 76 million more cases of anxiety, and 53 million more cases of depressive disorder, according to \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.unicef.org\u002Fpress-releases\u002Fimpact-covid-19-poor-mental-health-children-and-young-people-tip-iceberg\"\u003EUnicef \u003C\u002Fa\u003Eand Gallup. In troubled times, some beauty professionals have responded imaginatively. When A-list makeup artist\u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.leepycroft.co.uk\u002F\"\u003E Lee Pycroft\u003C\u002Fa\u003E noticed rising stress levels among her clients, she retrained as a psychotherapist. She now offers combined makeovers and therapy. \"Makeupfulness\" is where makeup and mindfulness merge. \"Certain language techniques, active listening, reframes and questioning help a person calm down while I do their makeup, enabling them to think more clearly,\" Pycroft told \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.glamourmagazine.co.uk\u002Farticle\u002Fmakeupfulness-trend-merges-makeup-and-mindfulness\"\u003EGlamour\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. \"I have witnessed women going through severe life challenges start to behave differently after a makeover and a chat. It might be that they go and do something kind for themselves, or are able to see their challenges from a different perspective as they have achieved some emotional flexibility around an issue.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220315-inside-the-ethical-beauty-and-self-care-boom-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Illustration grooming products","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220315-inside-the-ethical-beauty-and-self-care-boom-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EIn 2014, when Tom Chapman lost a friend to suicide, he launched the Lions Barber Collective, a barbering look-book project to raise awareness and funds for\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.glamourmagazine.co.uk\u002Farticle\u002Fworld-suicide-prevention-day-signs-how-to-help\"\u003E suicide prevention\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. \"It's been joked about forever that hair pros are a cheap psychiatrist or counsellor, but in reality, we listen on average for 2,000 hours a year,\" he said. \"Imagine what we could achieve by training hair pros to be more successful in suicide prevention and mental health awareness.\" Working with psychiatrists, Chapman created the \"Barber Talk training\", enabling hair professionals to identify warning signs, ask the right questions, listen with empathy and, finally, guide those in need to the groups and resources that could help them.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220315-inside-the-ethical-beauty-and-self-care-boom-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"I've experienced first-hand the transformative power that formulations and treatments can have – Paul Gerrard","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220315-inside-the-ethical-beauty-and-self-care-boom-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EThis resonates deeply with Paul Gerrard, founder of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fhappypaul.co.uk\u002F#rec358045107\"\u003EHappy Paul\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, a range of mood-enhancing male skincare. \"Happy Paul's journey has been like therapy,\" says Gerrard. \"I've suffered from depression since my early teens and I've experienced first-hand the transformative power that formulations, product and spa treatments can have. Yet wellness has become a luxury commodity afforded to the few.\" The brand was created, he says, to be accessible to all. \"To me, wellness is about looking after yourself, first and foremost, and that shouldn't be exclusive.\" Happy Paul's sustainable, vegan products – including an uplifting roll-on blend of bergamot, lemon and eucalyptus – encourage simple, rewarding acts of selfcare, with some of the profits going to mental-health charity Young Minds. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe pandemic is driving awareness and approval for more companies that support people and communities. Founded in 2018 by beauty writer Sali Hughes and beauty PR Jo Jones, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.beautybanks.org.uk\u002F\"\u003EBeauty Banks\u003C\u002Fa\u003E aims to tackle hygiene poverty in the UK and to establish being clean as a basic right. Young people can be particularly affected, say the duo, skipping school rather than going into class without washing their hair. Jones and Hughes had first-hand experience of the surplus the industry produces. Their plan: to ask their contacts to donate hygiene products to those in need via partnerships with more than 100 registered foodbanks, domestic abuse charities, homeless shelters, schools, NHS trusts and care-leaver associations. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220315-inside-the-ethical-beauty-and-self-care-boom-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Illustration beauty products","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220315-inside-the-ethical-beauty-and-self-care-boom-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\"We were furious and frustrated when we learned about hygiene poverty, so we decided to do something about it,\" writes Jones, on the charity’s website. \"Both Sali and I work in the beauty industry and know there is a lot of waste and, most importantly, a tremendous amount of generosity and kindness. So we leverage our connections, influence and skills to power Beauty Banks.\" An average delivery to a charity, catering for about 150 people, is worth around £500, and contains items many of us take for granted including soap and sanitary products. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAnd, as interest in self-care and community has soared, so too has concern for the planet. Successive reports about the climate and ecological crisis have put the global population on high alert and shoppers are asking serious questions about the things they buy every day. The beauty industry is a terrible offender: there are persistent issues of irresponsible sourcing and poisonous levels of ocean pollution, both via plastic packaging and the chemicals used in formulations. Some of our shampoos and shaving foams end up in oceans, and what’s bad for seabirds and coral is, perhaps unsurprisingly, bad for us.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe search is on for formulations and ingredients that protect and truly nourish, that work positively, not only for the bodies they're applied to but also the conditions in which they're grown and harvested. And For Weleda, founded in the 1920s by Austrian philosopher Rudolph Steiner and encompassing both beauty and naturopathic medicines, using biodynamic growing methods, the answer has always been clear: to go back to the source, back to nature. \"Natural ingredients work in harmony with the body, in a way petrochemical-derived synthetics do not,\" says Jayn Sterland, Weleda UK's managing director and chair of the British Beauty Council's Sustainable Beauty Coalition. \"A skin complaint is often a visible sign of imbalance. Applying a cream merely masks the problem. Using plant-based ingredients which are more skin compatible and work in harmony with the body can trigger our own healing capability.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220315-inside-the-ethical-beauty-and-self-care-boom-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Illustration bath","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220315-inside-the-ethical-beauty-and-self-care-boom-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003ELast year, in an effort to boost supplies of well-grown ingredients to the entire beauty sector, sustainable beauty brand Davines and the Rodale Institute launched a 10-hectare regenerative organic farm and research centre in Parma, Italy. \"You don't often think about where ingredients come from, and what the impact that production process has on our personal health and the health of the planet or the farmworkers,\" Rodale's chief executive Jeff Moyer told \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.voguebusiness.com\u002Fsustainability\u002Ffrom-farm-to-bottle-natural-beautys-next-step\"\u003EVogue Business\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, at the time. \"Expanding this idea [of regenerative agriculture] to go beyond just food and fibre is a great opportunity for all of us.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EA better world\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAs Sterland puts it: \"The holistic health benefits [of regenerative beauty] are well documented, both for the user and for the planet.\" And this is where the intersections between health, wellbeing and beauty start to take shape, and where the richest potential for beauty to have a positive impact on the world takes place. High street beauty brand Lush's technicolour windows and playful products belie the serious work that takes place behind the scenes. \"Biodiversity has always been important for us,\" says the brand's supply chain impact project manager Cadi Pink. \"One of our key strategies within sourcing, for example, has been to increase the diversity of materials we're using, in order to put less pressure on ecosystems [via industrial agriculture].\" The label has mapped out key \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fweare.lush.com\u002Fcreate-a-cosmetic-revolution-to-save-the-planet\u002F\"\u003Ebiodiversity\u003C\u002Fa\u003E hotspots around the world, where the brand is actively nurturing regenerative and agroforestry in practice.  \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220315-inside-the-ethical-beauty-and-self-care-boom-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Beauty illustration","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220315-inside-the-ethical-beauty-and-self-care-boom-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\"Sustainability initiatives often focus on minimising harm,\" adds James Atherton of the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fweare.lush.com\u002Flush-life\u002Four-giving\u002Frefund\u002F\"\u003ELush Regenerative Fund, or Re:Fund\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. \"Regeneration goes that extra step and asks: 'how do we add value and health to the ecologies and the social spaces that we're working in?' The opportunity now for the beauty industry is to align more on what we mean by regeneration,\" he continues. \"Often, we see it attached to tree planting or regenerative agriculture but there's this quote by [Brazilian trade union leader] Chico Mendes, 'environmentalism without class struggle is just gardening'. And I love that. We've always believed that, if you're working with grassroots communities, they are the experts. We're just there to offer support where we can.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOne such community is the Laikipia Permaculture Centre, a collective of five Maasai women's groups, supported by the regenerative agriculture consultancy reNature, producing Aloe Secundiflora leaves for Lush in ways that combine traditional knowledge with the principles of permaculture. Aloe Secundiflora, originally used by the Maasai for healing and washing, can be processed into everything from shampoo and skin cream to shower gel. The women now produce their own cosmetics for the local market, which gives them additional income. As the demand for responsible beauty grows, harvesting natural ingredients well, with communities and nature in mind, will be vital.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220315-inside-the-ethical-beauty-and-self-care-boom-10"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"The good news is that sustainable, ethical beauty – beauty that makes the world a better place – is set to surge","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220315-inside-the-ethical-beauty-and-self-care-boom-11"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EThe good news is that sustainable, ethical beauty – beauty that makes the world a better place – is \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.mintel.com\u002Fblog\u002Fbeauty-market-news\u002Fsustainable-skincare-in-2021-and-beyond\"\u003Eset to surge\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, from \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.statista.com\u002Fstatistics\u002F673641\u002Fglobal-market-value-for-natural-cosmetics\u002F\"\u003E$34.5 billion in 2018 to $54.5 billion in 2027\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. Alongside established names such as Weleda and Lush, a significant number of emerging dynamic brands are accelerating new futures in beauty with innovations in local ingredients, waterless formulas; even aiming at carbon neutrality. What makes these brands so right for these times is their holistic approach to beauty's problems, and their understanding that seemingly separate issues such as product formulation, social justice and environmental protection are fundamentally interlinked and connected. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EDanish make-up brand Kjaer Weis is certified organic, working closely with its suppliers, while packing its products into smooth refillable, metal cases. BYBI invites customers to send back their skin booster bottles for them to be sterilised and used again. Wellness brand Haeckels, founded by beach warden Dom Bridges, harvests antibacterial seaweed from Margate beaches in the UK for its handmade skincare; its bottles are made from biodegradable algae; its outer packaging is grown from mushrooms. Brands including Pachamamai, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.boots.com\u002Fethique-pinkalicious-solid-shampoo-110g-10276256\"\u003EEthique\u003C\u002Fa\u003E and Lush use condensed formulations to make solid bars, amplifying the efficiency of products while also reducing the need for unnecessary water in the mixtures (and the need for plastic bottles to hold those formulations).\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\"These purpose-driven beauty companies weave sustainability throughout their whole business, from sourcing and formulation through to independent product certification and paying employees a fair, real, living wage,\" says Sterland. For Lush, the potential of beauty to change the world is part of the brand's DNA. \"We very much see ourselves as campaigners,\" says spokesperson Jonnie Hatfield. \"It's not enough just to be against something any more. You really need to be making a difference.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EIf you would like to comment on this story or anything else you have seen on BBC Culture, head over to our \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.facebook.com\u002Fpages\u002FBBC-Culture\u002F237388053065908\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003EFacebook\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E page or message us on\u003C\u002Fem\u003E \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftwitter.com\u002Fbbc_culture\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003ETwitter\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EAnd if you liked this story, \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fpages.emails.bbc.com\u002Fsubscribe\u002F\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003Esign up for the weekly bbc.com features newsletter\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E, called The Essential List. A handpicked selection of stories from BBC Future, Culture, Worklife and Travel, delivered to your inbox every Friday.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220315-inside-the-ethical-beauty-and-self-care-boom-12"}],"collection":[],"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2022-03-16T00:00:00Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","headlineLong":"Inside the ethical beauty boom","headlineShort":"Inside the ethical beauty boom","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Plant illustration","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"culture","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"Beauty illustration","promoImage":[],"relatedStories":null,"relatedTag":[],"summaryLong":"How is the world of grooming and self-care bringing positive change? Bel Jacobs talks to the creators who are making a difference – to mental health, communities and the planet.","summaryShort":"How the world of self-care and grooming is bringing positive change","tag":[],"textToSpeech":false,"creationDateTime":"2022-03-16T00:00:35.926537Z","entity":"article","guid":"761c6d2a-ee64-4261-937c-4ed53f4ad5d4","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220315-inside-the-ethical-beauty-and-self-care-boom","modifiedDateTime":"2022-03-16T18:26:46.215009Z","project":"wwverticals","slug":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220315-inside-the-ethical-beauty-and-self-care-boom","cacheLastUpdated":1659430088847},"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220329-how-to-be-a-sustainable-fashion-lover-and-why-it-matters":{"urn":"urn:pubpipe:wwverticals:article:culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220329-how-to-be-a-sustainable-fashion-lover-and-why-it-matters","_id":"62df81e343d9f42c877a7ffc","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":[],"bodyIntro":"Upcycling, visible mending and organising are among the ways fashionistas are giving their wardrobes a longer life. Bel Jacobs explores how caring for our clothes also means caring for the planet.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EIn her 2021 book Loved Clothes Last, Orsola de Castro, founder of the global campaign \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.fashionrevolution.org\u002Fabout\u002F\"\u003EFashion Revolution\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, issues a \u003Cem\u003Ecri de coeur\u003C\u002Fem\u003E. \"In my years of scouring second-hand clothing sorting warehouses I have seen hundreds of perfect pieces abandoned simply because of a broken zip. After all, what is the point of spending time and money repairing a broken zip when ultimately it is quicker, cheaper and infinitely more fun to buy a new piece, with a fully functioning zip? But can we please stop and consider what we are doing when we give up hope on the one that broke? And what happens when we choose to mend it instead?\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMore like this:\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E-          \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20220318-the-ancient-enigma-that-still-resonates-today\"\u003EThe ancient enigma that still resonates\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E-          \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20220315-inside-the-ethical-beauty-and-self-care-boom\"\u003EInside the ethical beauty boom\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E-          \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20201215-inside-the-homes-of-remarkable-artists-and-writers\"\u003EInside the homes of remarkable artists\u003C\u002Fa\u003E          \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EDe Castro's questions are just two of many confronting fashion in the 21st Century. It is increasingly hard to downplay the environmental and social damage the industry causes. Natural resource use rates are stratospheric, as are pollution and waste levels, while global supply chains are riven with exploitation. Finally, the sector is responsible for between two and eight percent of total \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.un.org\u002Fsustainabledevelopment\u002Fblog\u002F2019\u002F08\u002Factnow-for-zero-waste-fashion\u002F\"\u003Eglobal greenhouse gas emissions\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, depending on which study you read. These are breathtaking facts, given that, after a certain point, this is an industry trading in non-essentials. Very few of us in fashion-consuming capitals around the world really need more clothes. Yet nonetheless, out they are churned, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcleanclothes.org\u002Ffashions-problems\u002Fwaste-and-pollution\"\u003Ebetween 80 to 100 billion pieces a year\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220329-how-to-be-a-sustainable-fashion-lover-and-why-it-matters-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Planet Earth","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220329-how-to-be-a-sustainable-fashion-lover-and-why-it-matters-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EFashion is scrambling to meet the challenge with intricately researched roadmaps and reports that include a raft of plans to increase energy efficiency in supply chains, switch to renewables, invest in material innovation that sidesteps synthetics, ramp up social justice initiatives and address animal cruelty. But, while these efforts are well-meaning, they are pitted against an industry already megalithic in its impact. Most of those 80 to 100 billion items of clothing – a conservative estimate – already end up incinerated or in landfill after just a few wears. The pandemic delivered a blow; now, global fashion sales are on track to pick up momentum to just over 2019 levels, according to McKinsey Fashion Scenarios.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220329-how-to-be-a-sustainable-fashion-lover-and-why-it-matters-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"Where once our grandparents lived lives of thrift and repair, most consumers today have become acclimatised to a wear, break and chuck model","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220329-how-to-be-a-sustainable-fashion-lover-and-why-it-matters-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EIncreasingly, campaigners are arguing that one of the easiest ways of slashing fashion's impact is by buying less (far less, just three new pieces of clothing a year, according to campaign group Take the Jump), and by making the clothes we already own last longer. Basically, the fashion industry needs to shrink in size, substantially. For a generation of shoppers pumped up on constructed desires and instant gratification, this can be hard to envisage – but the figures are irrefutable. Research by environmental charity Wrap shows that \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwrap.org.uk\u002Fresources\u002Fguide\u002Ftextiles\u002Fclothing\"\u003Eextending the life\u003C\u002Fa\u003E of an item of clothing by just nine months could cut its environmental impact by up to 10 percent; imagine what could be achieved over decades. Factors that contribute include buying good quality clothing, the willingness of owners to wear the same item over and over again, and their ability to take care of them. These may sound easy to achieve but if they were, we'd have done them already. Now, however, the stakes feel too frighteningly high not to try. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIt has, after all, been just over a generation since we have lost the fine art of clothing maintenance. Where once our grandparents lived lives of thrift and repair, most consumers today have become acclimatised to a wear, break and chuck model. De Castro's perfect pieces with broken zips are symptoms of a profound disconnection from how clothing is made. But it is now more important than ever to ask why so much of our clothing is petroleum-based; whether the rayon in that jumper was sourced from ancient forests; what animal's fur has gone into that pom pom; why only a minority of garment workers are paid a living wage – and whether we still want a hand in driving all this destruction. De Castro subtitled her book \"how the joy of re-wearing and repairing your clothes can be a revolutionary act\". It's true. We need a revolution.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220329-how-to-be-a-sustainable-fashion-lover-and-why-it-matters-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Orsola de Castro","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220329-how-to-be-a-sustainable-fashion-lover-and-why-it-matters-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EThe first step is to re-encounter your own wardrobe; textile reuse charity Traid's 23 Percent Campaign was launched in 2019 to highlight the proportion of clothes Londoners left unworn in their wardrobes. Sam Weir is founder of Lotte.V1, a one-on-one styling service, aimed at rekindling our relationship to our clothing. \"Many of us don't use what we own because we've been taught to find style solutions through consumption,\" says the stylist, with a long track record in high-profile campaigns. \"Styling allows people to express themselves and have fun with clothing, without buying new; to push creativity and to truly wear their clothing. It's about learning to interact with fashion, outside of consumption, and it's forming relationships with our things.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWhere do we start? \"Block off two hours one week and open up your wardrobe,\" she continues. \"Look for pieces you haven't worn in months or more. Maybe one is a formal blouse. This is where styling can help. Pair it with relaxed denim, something you'd only wear on a weekend. Add kitten heels and a blazer. Through styling, you've taken an item you've only worn in one setting, and made it work for countless others. Through creative styling, dresses can become skirts or tops; old becomes new again. It's as if you just went shopping, and yet you never left your wardrobe.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIt helps if you've bought well to start with, says Mikha Mekler, lecturer in production management at London College of Fashion. \"The way we buy is the problem. If we buy quality, it lasts longer.\" Start by dodging fast fashion brands and their glossy, celebrity-laden advertising campaigns, and head straight for ethical labels that pride themselves on craftsmanship. Even then, check for yourself: the heft of an item and the quality of its details can tell you a lot. \"Test the garment,\" says Victoria Jenkins, garment technologist and founder of adaptive clothing label Unhidden. \"Pull it, tug on it, look at the stitching. Is it neat and tidy – or full of loose threads? Can you see 'grinning', where the thread is visible at tension points on the seam? Does the garment have hanger loops to stop it losing shape? Is there taping along a T-shirt shoulder to stop it from being distorted if it is hung up? Is the hem sturdy or can it be easily unpicked? Is there shading on the fabric; are there faults in the print beyond what you might expect?\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220329-how-to-be-a-sustainable-fashion-lover-and-why-it-matters-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"Most sustainable clothing experts agree: wash clothes less – and wash them cooler","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220329-how-to-be-a-sustainable-fashion-lover-and-why-it-matters-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EThe next step is care. In his 1954 essay Soap Powders and Detergents, semiotician Roland Barthes wrote about the use of foam – not strictly necessary in the cleaning process – in an advertisement for detergent: \"What matters is the art of having disguised the abrasive function of the detergent under the delicious image of a substance at once deep and airy which can govern the molecular order of the material without damaging it.\" The idea persists that washing somehow renews and refreshes but, in fact, as Barthes points out, it's quite destructive. Most sustainable clothing experts agree: wash clothes less – and wash them cooler, properly sorted, with gentle, natural laundry detergents, and inside out to prevent colour and prints fading.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn 2019, designer Stella McCartney put it best when \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.theguardian.com\u002Ffashion\u002F2019\u002Fjul\u002F07\u002Fstella-mccartney-its-not-like-i-am-here-for-an-easy-life\"\u003Eshe told The Observer\u003C\u002Fa\u003E: \"The rule is you do \u003Cem\u003Enot\u003C\u002Fem\u003E clean it. You let the dirt dry and you brush it off. Basically, in life, rule of thumb: if you don't absolutely have to clean anything, don't clean it. I wouldn't change my bra every day and I don't just chuck stuff into a washing machine because it's been worn. I am incredibly hygienic myself, but I'm not a fan of dry cleaning or any cleaning, really.\" \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\"Garment care is still something people get wrong on a day-to-day basis,\" says Mekler. \"I wash a lot of garments, especially the finer things, even jeans, on a wool wash unless they're really dirty.\" Consider hanging lightly soiled pieces in the bathroom while you take a shower and allowing the steam to do the job. Avoid tumble drying; shake out your clothes and hang them out to dry. And then revel in the positive environmental benefits of your new routine. According to the EPA's energy efficiency programme \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.energystar.gov\u002Fabout\u002Forigins_mission\u002Fepas_role_energy_star\"\u003EEnergy Star\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, the average washing machine uses 6,500 gallons of water a year, about half as much as you'd drink in a lifetime. Plus, every time we wash, we flush chemicals and microfibres from synthetic garments into overburdened waterways. Finally, most of the emissions produced during the \"in-use\" stage of an item's life cycle originate from washing and tumble drying. Cut that and you're basically a sustainable fashionista. \u003Cspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ETo have and to hold\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOnce you've cleaned your clothes, resist the urge to throw them on the floor or ball them up at the back of the sofa. Correct storage does half the work of clothing care; top tips include keeping cleaned clothes away from sunlight and heat, in cool, dry spaces, with enough space between them to breathe. Professional organiser Katrina Hassan uses the KonMari Method of tidying. \"Awareness and positive habit change is at the heart of the process,\" she says. \"And a key principle is to store things so that you can see everything easily. When you know exactly what you own, you're far more likely to take care of it.\" Periodic assessments allow you to connect with your items and assess their quality over and over again. This is when it's time to start getting hands-on.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220329-how-to-be-a-sustainable-fashion-lover-and-why-it-matters-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Visible mending","imageOrientation":"portrait","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220329-how-to-be-a-sustainable-fashion-lover-and-why-it-matters-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\"We’ve all put things away in a cupboard when a button has fallen off but it would be great if we could just do the basics like threading a needle, sewing on a button, mending a seam,\" argues sustainable consultant Tessa Solomons. \"[The lack of these skills] stops a lot of people at the first hurdle but these alone would save clothes being sent to landfill – or to charity shops where someone else has to deal with them. Plus, it gives you a great sense of achievement, to know that you've got that within your capability. It's a fantastic, joyful thing.\" There's no lack of online resources for the new sewer: both Repair What You Wear and Fixing Fashion Academy offer unintimidating video tutorials to entry-level skills; other sites such as The Clothes Doctor take it up a level with \"how to repair your bra\" and \"crochet a patch on jeans\". \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220329-how-to-be-a-sustainable-fashion-lover-and-why-it-matters-10"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"When you visibly repair something, it becomes individual. That changes our relationship to our clothing and builds connection with it – Tessa Solomons","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220329-how-to-be-a-sustainable-fashion-lover-and-why-it-matters-11"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\"Watch videos specifically about what you want to mend,\" advises Solomons. \"And enjoy it. Get the things you need around you in one place. Put some lovely music on and take your time. Then it doesn't become a chore. It's a choice.\" Embrace visible mending, where people are encouraged to salvage their clothes in creative ways using contrasting coloured stitches, embroidered motifs and patching. Not only does it take the pressure out of trying to achieve perfection, it's fun. \"I've got a pair of dark blue trousers with a yellow button on them –  because I couldn't find a dark blue button to replace the lost one,\" says Solomons. \"Now I just love that button. It changes the whole thing.\" Raeburn, a label based in London that focuses on responsible and innovative design, hosts a variety of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.raeburndesign.co.uk\u002Fpages\u002Fraeburn-lab\"\u003Eworkshops\u003C\u002Fa\u003E where attendees are invited to design and customise their own items, using off-cuts from the atelier. But if this still feels tricky, \"employ the services of someone who loves mending,\" says Solomons. \"There are many people out there who are changing the way we think about mending, one stitch at a time.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ERepair specialists at ethical high-street label Toast rescue any Toast garment as part of a free \"renewal\" service. Online Reture Bespoke pairs broken pieces with talented young upcyclers. Janelle Hanna, design consultant at sustainable sourcing consultancy White Weft, launched a service to patch and repair denim during lockdown. \"I've been blown away by how popular it's been,\" she says. \"People aren't coming to me with one or two pairs of jeans; they're coming to me with five or six pairs they've not worn for a year, two years, three years, but they just didn't want to throw them away. People want options around repairs. And they just didn't know that it existed.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220329-how-to-be-a-sustainable-fashion-lover-and-why-it-matters-12"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Organised wardrobe","imageOrientation":"portrait","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220329-how-to-be-a-sustainable-fashion-lover-and-why-it-matters-13"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EMaking the decision to mend profoundly changes our relationship to a piece of clothing. \"When people choose to repair, they're investing in that item,\" says Solomons, whose own embroidery filips now decorate the clothes of dozens of clients. \"People come to me with items that have been in their wardrobes or in their families for a long time, that have had a life. When I add to that, they love it even more. That's everything to me.\" In a world of mass-produced goods, where thousands of items looking exactly the same pour out of factories, every minute of every day, promising ease and convenience, that's special. \"When you visibly repair something, it becomes individual,\" says Solomon. \"That changes our relationship to our clothing, and builds connection with it. The people who come to me have realised that their clothes have a value rather than a cost. And that value is something that we cannot put a price on.\" \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe synergy with De Castro, the idea of the quiet revolution, is striking. \"Today, at the dawn of Generation Climate Breakdown, the #lovedclotheslast message we share when we mend and alter our clothes has gone beyond showing off sartorial originality,\" writes De Castro. \"It is now a statement that the act of caring for our clothes extends to the act of caring for our environment, and marks our gratitude by valuing the work of the people who make the things we wear.\" She continues: \"Keep the clothes you have with pride, minimise new acquisitions, and do it with the kind of infectious enthusiasm that radiates joy. Because the only things we need more of now are trees and whales and birds and bees – not clothes.\" \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EIf you would like to comment on this story or anything else you have seen on BBC Culture, head over to our \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.facebook.com\u002Fpages\u002FBBC-Culture\u002F237388053065908\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003EFacebook\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E page or message us on\u003C\u002Fem\u003E \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftwitter.com\u002Fbbc_culture\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003ETwitter\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EAnd if you liked this story, \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fpages.emails.bbc.com\u002Fsubscribe\u002F\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003Esign up for the weekly bbc.com features newsletter\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E, called The Essential List. A handpicked selection of stories from BBC Future, Culture, Worklife and Travel, delivered to your inbox every Friday.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220329-how-to-be-a-sustainable-fashion-lover-and-why-it-matters-14"}],"collection":[],"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2022-03-31T00:00:00Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","headlineLong":"How to be a sustainable fashion lover – and why it matters","headlineShort":"How to make your clothes last longer","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Clothing","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"culture","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"Clothing","promoImage":[],"relatedStories":null,"relatedTag":[],"summaryLong":"Upcycling and organising are among the ways fashionistas are giving their wardrobes a longer life. Bel Jacobs explores how caring for our clothes also means caring for the planet.","summaryShort":"Upcycling, organising and other ways to care for clothing – and the planet","tag":[],"textToSpeech":false,"creationDateTime":"2022-03-30T23:00:47.275641Z","entity":"article","guid":"f5804205-effd-4e19-a4d1-64a945718204","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220329-how-to-be-a-sustainable-fashion-lover-and-why-it-matters","modifiedDateTime":"2022-04-01T11:35:22.08413Z","project":"wwverticals","slug":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220329-how-to-be-a-sustainable-fashion-lover-and-why-it-matters","cacheLastUpdated":1659430088847}},"tags":{"tag\u002Fdesign":{"urn":"urn:pubpipe:wwverticals:tag:tag\u002Fdesign","_id":"62df80ef43d9f46d891343c8","assetImage":null,"description":"BBC Travel’s latest design stories from around the world","linkUrl":"","name":"Design","creationDateTime":"2015-05-20T11:14:02.510468Z","entity":"tag","guid":"86ae676d-a6f2-4ef5-b3ef-6f0e69c658ae","id":"tag\u002Fdesign","modifiedDateTime":"2022-02-27T23:13:45.766255Z","project":"wwverticals","slug":"tag\u002Fdesign","cacheLastUpdated":1659430088838},"tag\u002Ftelevision":{"urn":"urn:pubpipe:wwverticals:tag:tag\u002Ftelevision","_id":"62df814443d9f4586e7777c4","assetImage":[],"description":"Television","linkUrl":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20220802084808\u002Fhttp:\u002F\u002Fwww.dbpedialite.org\u002Fthings\u002F29831","name":"Television","creationDateTime":"2015-05-20T10:47:22.558042Z","entity":"tag","guid":"071163aa-1f46-42e6-80f4-bbeb571e8d50","id":"tag\u002Ftelevision","modifiedDateTime":"2022-02-27T23:54:45.030445Z","project":"wwverticals","slug":"tag\u002Ftelevision","cacheLastUpdated":1659430088838},"tag\u002Ffilm-reviews":{"urn":"urn:pubpipe:wwverticals:tag:tag\u002Ffilm-reviews","_id":"62df805343d9f46d1c4ba2f0","assetImage":[],"description":"BBC 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S164.552,256,164,256H90c-0.552,0-1.052,0.224-1.414,0.586S88,257.448,88,258v164c0,0.552,0.224,1.052,0.586,1.414 S89.448,424,90,424z"></path><path fill="#149EDC" d="M258,166h164c0.552,0,1.052-0.224,1.414-0.586S424,164.552,424,164V90c0-0.552-0.224-1.052-0.586-1.414 S422.552,88,422,88H258c-0.552,0-1.052,0.224-1.414,0.586S256,89.448,256,90v74c0,0.552,0.224,1.052,0.586,1.414 S257.448,166,258,166z"></path></g></svg><span>Weather</span></a></li><li class="orb-nav-iplayer"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808/https://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer"><svg class="product-icon" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 512 512" enable-background="new 0 0 512 512" xml:space="preserve" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"><g><path fill="#DC2878" d="M182,358h-68c-0.55,0-1.05-0.225-1.412-0.587C112.225,357.05,112,356.55,112,356V156 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C371.386,262.958,371.83,263.279,372.106,263.757z"></path></g></svg><span>iPlayer</span></a></li><li class="orb-nav-sounds"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds"><svg class="product-icon" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 512 512" enable-background="new 0 0 512 512" xml:space="preserve" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"><g><path fill="#A13104" d="M122,304H78c-0.552,0-1.052-0.224-1.414-0.586S76,302.552,76,302v-92c0-0.552,0.224-1.052,0.586-1.414 S77.448,208,78,208h44c0.552,0,1.052,0.224,1.414,0.586S124,209.448,124,210v92c0,0.552-0.224,1.052-0.586,1.414 S122.552,304,122,304z"></path><path fill="#D24712" d="M230,376h-80c-0.552,0-1.052-0.224-1.414-0.586S148,374.552,148,374V138c0-0.552,0.224-1.052,0.586-1.414 S149.448,136,150,136h80c0.552,0,1.052,0.224,1.414,0.586S232,137.448,232,138v236c0,0.552-0.224,1.052-0.586,1.414 S230.552,376,230,376z"></path><path fill="#FA6400" d="M422,424H258c-0.552,0-1.052-0.224-1.414-0.586S256,422.552,256,422V90c0-0.552,0.224-1.052,0.586-1.414 S257.448,88,258,88h164c0.552,0,1.052,0.224,1.414,0.586S424,89.448,424,90v332c0,0.552-0.224,1.052-0.586,1.414 S422.552,424,422,424z"></path></g></svg><span>Sounds</span></a></li><li class="orb-nav-bitesize"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808/https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize"><svg class="product-icon" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 512 512" enable-background="new 0 0 512 512" xml:space="preserve" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"><g><path fill="#6100A8" d="M134,400H78c-0.552,0-1.052-0.224-1.414-0.586S76,398.552,76,398V162c0-0.552,0.224-1.052,0.586-1.414 S77.448,160,78,160h56c0.552,0,1.052,0.224,1.414,0.586S136,161.448,136,162v236c0,0.552-0.224,1.052-0.586,1.414 S134.552,400,134,400z"></path><path fill="#7222C6" d="M254,400h-92c-0.552,0-1.052-0.224-1.414-0.586S160,398.552,160,398V114c0-0.552,0.224-1.052,0.586-1.414 S161.448,112,162,112h92c0.552,0,1.052,0.224,1.414,0.586S256,113.448,256,114v284c0,0.552-0.224,1.052-0.586,1.414 S254.552,400,254,400z"></path><path fill="#963CE1" d="M444.77,373.863l-85.829,26.232c-0.529,0.162-1.073,0.093-1.526-0.148s-0.812-0.655-0.973-1.184 L273.901,126.63c-0.16-0.528-0.091-1.07,0.149-1.521c0.241-0.451,0.653-0.811,1.18-0.972l85.829-26.232 c0.529-0.162,1.073-0.093,1.526,0.148s0.812,0.655,0.973,1.184l82.542,272.133c0.16,0.528,0.091,1.07-0.149,1.521 C445.71,373.342,445.297,373.702,444.77,373.863z"></path></g></svg><span>Bitesize</span></a></li><li class="orb-nav-cbeebies"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808/https://www.bbc.co.uk/cbeebies"><span>CBeebies</span></a></li><li class="orb-nav-cbbc"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802084808/https://www.bbc.co.uk/cbbc"><span>CBBC</span></a></li><li class="orb-nav-food"><a 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