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รัฐเคาะลีฟะฮ์รอชิดูน - วิกิพีเดีย

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vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="ค้นหาวิกิ [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>ค้นหา</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="ค้นหาใน วิกิพีเดีย" aria-label="ค้นหาใน วิกิพีเดีย" autocapitalize="sentences" title="ค้นหาวิกิ [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="พิเศษ:ค้นหา"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">ค้นหา</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="เครื่องมือส่วนตัว"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="หน้าตา"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page&#039;s font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="หน้าตา" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">หน้าตา</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_th.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=th" class=""><span>บริจาคให้วิกิพีเดีย</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88&amp;returnto=%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99" title="แนะนำให้คุณสร้างบัญชีและเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ" class=""><span>สร้างบัญชี</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&amp;returnto=%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99" title="แนะนำให้คุณเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>เข้าสู่ระบบ</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="ตัวเลือกเพิ่มเติม" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="เครื่องมือส่วนตัว" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">เครื่องมือส่วนตัว</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="เมนูผู้ใช้" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_th.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=th"><span>บริจาคให้วิกิพีเดีย</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88&amp;returnto=%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99" title="แนะนำให้คุณสร้างบัญชีและเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>สร้างบัญชี</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&amp;returnto=%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99" title="แนะนำให้คุณเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>เข้าสู่ระบบ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> หน้าสำหรับผู้แก้ไขที่ออกจากระบบ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B3" aria-label="เรียนรู้เพิ่มเกี่ยวกับการแก้ไข"><span>เรียนรู้เพิ่มเติม</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99" title="รายการการแก้ไขจากเลขที่อยู่ไอพีนี้ [y]" accesskey="y"><span>ส่วนร่วม</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="อภิปรายเกี่ยวกับการแก้ไขจากเลขที่อยู่ไอพีนี้ [n]" accesskey="n"><span>คุย</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="ไซต์"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="สารบัญ" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">สารบัญ</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ย้ายเมนูไปที่แถบด้านข้าง</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ซ่อน</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">บทนำ</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-ที่มา" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ที่มา"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>ที่มา</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ที่มา-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-สิ่งสืบทอด" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#สิ่งสืบทอด"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>สิ่งสืบทอด</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-สิ่งสืบทอด-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-การทหาร" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#การทหาร"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>การทหาร</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-การทหาร-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle การทหาร subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-การทหาร-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-กองทัพรอชิดูน" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#กองทัพรอชิดูน"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>กองทัพรอชิดูน</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-กองทัพรอชิดูน-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-กองทัพเรือรอชิดูน" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#กองทัพเรือรอชิดูน"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>กองทัพเรือรอชิดูน</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-กองทัพเรือรอชิดูน-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-รายพระนาม" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#รายพระนาม"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>รายพระนาม</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-รายพระนาม-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-อ้างอิง" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#อ้างอิง"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>อ้างอิง</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-อ้างอิง-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle อ้างอิง subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-อ้างอิง-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ข้อมูล" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ข้อมูล"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>ข้อมูล</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ข้อมูล-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="สารบัญ" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">รัฐเคาะลีฟะฮ์รอชิดูน</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="ไปที่บทความในภาษาอื่น ซึ่งมีใน 70 ภาษา" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-70" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">70 ภาษา</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasjidoen-kalifaat" title="Rasjidoen-kalifaat – แอฟริกานส์" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Rasjidoen-kalifaat" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="แอฟริกานส์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="บทความคัดสรร"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AF%D8%A9" title="الخلافة الراشدة – อาหรับ" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الخلافة الراشدة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="อาหรับ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A9_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AF%D8%A9" title="خلافة راشدة – อาหรับโมร็อกโก" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="خلافة راشدة" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="อาหรับโมร็อกโก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AF%D9%87" title="الخلافه الراشده – อาหรับพื้นเมืองอียิปต์" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الخلافه الراشده" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="อาหรับพื้นเมืองอียิปต์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Califatu_ortodoxu" title="Califatu ortodoxu – อัสตูเรียส" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Califatu ortodoxu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="อัสตูเรียส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%C5%9Fidi_xilaf%C9%99ti" title="Raşidi xilafəti – อาเซอร์ไบจาน" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Raşidi xilafəti" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="อาเซอร์ไบจาน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%AE%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="راشیدی خیلافتی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="راشیدی خیلافتی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D2%A1_%D1%85%D3%99%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D3%99%D1%82" title="Хаҡ хәлифәт – บัชคีร์" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Хаҡ хәлифәт" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="บัชคีร์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Праведен халифат – บัลแกเรีย" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Праведен халифат" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="บัลแกเรีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kakhalifahan_Rasyidin" title="Kakhalifahan Rasyidin – บันจาร์" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Kakhalifahan Rasyidin" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="บันจาร์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE" title="খিলাফতে রাশিদা – บังกลา" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="খিলাফতে রাশিদা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="บังกลา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pravedni_halifat" title="Pravedni halifat – บอสเนีย" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Pravedni halifat" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="บอสเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primer_califat" title="Primer califat – คาตาลัน" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Primer califat" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="คาตาลัน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Рашидунин халифат – เชเชน" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Рашидунин халифат" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="เชเชน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%DB%95%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%8C_%DA%95%D8%A7%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86" title="خەلافەتی ڕاشیدون – เคิร์ดตอนกลาง" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="خەلافەتی ڕاشیدون" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="เคิร์ดตอนกลาง" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A1%C5%A1idsk%C3%BD_chal%C3%ADf%C3%A1t" title="Rášidský chalífát – เช็ก" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Rášidský chalífát" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="เช็ก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashidun-kalifatet" title="Rashidun-kalifatet – เดนมาร์ก" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Rashidun-kalifatet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="เดนมาร์ก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%86%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%BF_%CE%A1%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BD" title="Χαλιφάτο Ρασιντούν – กรีก" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χαλιφάτο Ρασιντούν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="กรีก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashidun_Caliphate" title="Rashidun Caliphate – อังกฤษ" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Rashidun Caliphate" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="อังกฤษ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%C5%9Diduna_Kaliflando" title="Raŝiduna Kaliflando – เอสเปรันโต" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Raŝiduna Kaliflando" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="เอสเปรันโต" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Califato_ortodoxo" title="Califato ortodoxo – สเปน" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Califato ortodoxo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="สเปน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasidar_kalifaldia" title="Rasidar kalifaldia – บาสก์" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Rasidar kalifaldia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="บาสก์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AA_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86" title="خلافت راشدین – เปอร์เซีย" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خلافت راشدین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="เปอร์เซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oikeaanjohdetut_kalifit" title="Oikeaanjohdetut kalifit – ฟินแลนด์" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Oikeaanjohdetut kalifit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ฟินแลนด์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Califes_bien_guid%C3%A9s" title="Califes bien guidés – ฝรั่งเศส" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Califes bien guidés" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ฝรั่งเศส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khulafa%27hur-Rashidun" title="Khulafa&#039;hur-Rashidun – เฮาซา" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Khulafa&#039;hur-Rashidun" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="เฮาซา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%27%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%93%D7%95%D7%9F" title="ח&#039;ליפות ראשידון – ฮิบรู" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ח&#039;ליפות ראשידון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ฮิบรู" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%A4" title="राशिदून ख़िलाफ़त – ฮินดี" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="राशिदून ख़िलाफ़त" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ฮินดี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%C5%A1idunski_Kalifat" title="Rašidunski Kalifat – โครเอเชีย" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Rašidunski Kalifat" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="โครเอเชีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="บทความคัดสรร"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kekhalifahan_Rasyidin" title="Kekhalifahan Rasyidin – อินโดนีเซีย" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kekhalifahan Rasyidin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="อินโดนีเซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kal%C3%ADfad%C3%A6mi_hinna_r%C3%A9ttl%C3%A1tu" title="Kalífadæmi hinna réttlátu – ไอซ์แลนด์" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kalífadæmi hinna réttlátu" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="ไอซ์แลนด์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Califfato_dei_Rashidun" title="Califfato dei Rashidun – อิตาลี" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Califfato dei Rashidun" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="อิตาลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khulafaur_Rasyidin" title="Khulafaur Rasyidin – ชวา" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Khulafaur Rasyidin" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="ชวา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9D%BC%EC%8B%9C%EB%91%94_%EC%B9%BC%EB%A6%AC%ED%8C%8C%EA%B5%AD" title="라시둔 칼리파국 – เกาหลี" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="라시둔 칼리파국" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="เกาหลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%90_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%90%D8%AF%DB%81" title="خلافتِ راشِدہ – แคชเมียร์" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="خلافتِ راشِدہ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="แคชเมียร์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xel%C3%AEfey%C3%AAn_Ra%C5%9Fid%C3%BBn" title="Xelîfeyên Raşidûn – เคิร์ด" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Xelîfeyên Raşidûn" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="เคิร์ด" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%C5%A1id%C5%B3_kalifatas" title="Rašidų kalifatas – ลิทัวเนีย" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Rašidų kalifatas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="ลิทัวเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalifata_Rasidona" title="Kalifata Rasidona – มาลากาซี" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Kalifata Rasidona" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="มาลากาซี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kakhalifahan_Rasyidin" title="Kakhalifahan Rasyidin – มีนังกาเบา" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Kakhalifahan Rasyidin" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="มีนังกาเบา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Праведен Калифат – มาซิโดเนีย" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Праведен Калифат" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="มาซิโดเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AF_%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D" title="റാഷിദീയ ഖിലാഫത്ത് – มาลายาลัม" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="റാഷിദീയ ഖിലാഫത്ത്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="มาลายาลัม" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khulafa_al-Rasyidin" title="Khulafa al-Rasyidin – มาเลย์" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Khulafa al-Rasyidin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="มาเลย์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalifaat_van_de_Rashidun" title="Kalifaat van de Rashidun – ดัตช์" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kalifaat van de Rashidun" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ดัตช์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashidun-kalifatet" title="Rashidun-kalifatet – นอร์เวย์นีนอสก์" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Rashidun-kalifatet" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="นอร์เวย์นีนอสก์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashidun-kalifatet" title="Rashidun-kalifatet – นอร์เวย์บุคมอล" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Rashidun-kalifatet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="นอร์เวย์บุคมอล" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AA_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AF%DB%81" title="خلافت راشدہ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="خلافت راشدہ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Califado_Ortodoxo" title="Califado Ortodoxo – โปรตุเกส" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Califado Ortodoxo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="โปรตุเกส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Califatul_Rashidun" title="Califatul Rashidun – โรมาเนีย" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Califatul Rashidun" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="โรมาเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Праведный халифат – รัสเซีย" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Праведный халифат" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="รัสเซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashidun_Caliphate" title="Rashidun Caliphate – สกอตส์" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Rashidun Caliphate" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="สกอตส์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AA_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AF%D9%87" title="خلافت راشده – สินธิ" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="خلافت راشده" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="สินธิ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%C5%A1idunski_Kalifat" title="Rašidunski Kalifat – เซอร์โบ-โครเอเชีย" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Rašidunski Kalifat" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="เซอร์โบ-โครเอเชีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashidun_Empire" title="Rashidun Empire – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Rashidun Empire" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A1%C5%A1idsk%C3%BD_kalif%C3%A1t" title="Rášidský kalifát – สโลวัก" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Rášidský kalifát" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="สโลวัก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%C5%A1idunski_kalifat" title="Rašidunski kalifat – สโลวีเนีย" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Rašidunski kalifat" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="สโลวีเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khilaafada_Raashidiinta" title="Khilaafada Raashidiinta – โซมาลี" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Khilaafada Raashidiinta" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="โซมาลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilafeti_Rashidun" title="Hilafeti Rashidun – แอลเบเนีย" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Hilafeti Rashidun" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="แอลเบเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Праведни калифат – เซอร์เบีย" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Праведни калифат" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="เซอร์เบีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="ராசிதீன் கலீபாக்கள் – ทมิฬ" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ராசிதீன் கலீபாக்கள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="ทมิฬ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Хилофати Рошидин – ทาจิก" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Хилофати Рошидин" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="ทาจิก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinastiyang_Rashidun" title="Dinastiyang Rashidun – ตากาล็อก" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Dinastiyang Rashidun" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="ตากาล็อก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A2%C5%9Fid%C3%AEn_Halifeli%C4%9Fi" title="Râşidîn Halifeliği – ตุรกี" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Râşidîn Halifeliği" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ตุรกี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Праведний халіфат – ยูเครน" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Праведний халіфат" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ยูเครน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AA_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AF%DB%81" title="خلافت راشدہ – อูรดู" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="خلافت راشدہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="อูรดู" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roshidun_xalifaligi" title="Roshidun xalifaligi – อุซเบก" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Roshidun xalifaligi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="อุซเบก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nh%C3%A0_Rashidun" title="Nhà Rashidun – เวียดนาม" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nhà Rashidun" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="เวียดนาม" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%A4%A7%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E5%8F%91" title="四大哈里发 – จีนอู๋" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="四大哈里发" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="จีนอู๋" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E7%BB%9F%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E5%8F%91%E6%97%B6%E6%9C%9F" title="正统哈里发时期 – จีน" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="正统哈里发时期" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="จีน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashidun_Khalifah-kok" title="Rashidun Khalifah-kok – จีนมินหนาน" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Rashidun Khalifah-kok" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="จีนมินหนาน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%A4%A7%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E7%99%BC" title="四大哈里發 – กวางตุ้ง" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="四大哈里發" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="กวางตุ้ง" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q12490507#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="แก้ไขลิงก์ข้ามภาษา" class="wbc-editpage">แก้ไขลิงก์</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="เนมสเปซ"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99"><span>อ่าน</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99&amp;action=edit" title="แก้ไขรหัสต้นฉบับของหน้านี้ [e]" accesskey="e"><span>แก้ไข</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99&amp;action=history" title="แก้ไขเก่าของหน้านี้ [h]" accesskey="h"><span>ดูประวัติ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav 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data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">เครื่องมือ</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">ย้ายเมนูไปที่แถบด้านข้าง</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ซ่อน</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="ตัวเลือกเพิ่มเติม" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> การกระทำ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a 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mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ทั่วไป </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99" title="รายการหน้าวิกิทุกหน้าที่ลิงก์มาที่นี่ [j]" accesskey="j"><span>หน้าที่ลิงก์มา</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a 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href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9" title="รายการหน้าพิเศษทั้งหมด [q]" accesskey="q"><span>หน้าพิเศษ</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99&amp;oldid=11874511" title="ลิงก์ถาวรมารุ่นนี้ของหน้านี้"><span>ลิงก์ถาวร</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99&amp;action=info" title="ข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับหน้านี้"><span>สารสนเทศหน้า</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a 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id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:QrCode&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fth.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25B1%25E0%25B8%2590%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%2584%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%25B0%25E0%25B8%25A5%25E0%25B8%25B5%25E0%25B8%259F%25E0%25B8%25B0%25E0%25B8%25AE%25E0%25B9%258C%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25AD%25E0%25B8%258A%25E0%25B8%25B4%25E0%25B8%2594%25E0%25B8%25B9%25E0%25B8%2599"><span>ดาวน์โหลดคิวอาร์โค้ด</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> พิมพ์/ส่งออก </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD&amp;bookcmd=book_creator&amp;referer=%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99"><span>สร้างหนังสือ</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99&amp;action=show-download-screen"><span>ดาวน์โหลดเป็น PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99&amp;printable=yes" title="รุ่นที่พร้อมพิมพ์ของหน้านี้ [p]" accesskey="p"><span>รุ่นพร้อมพิมพ์</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ในโครงการอื่น </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Rashidun_Caliphate" hreflang="en"><span>วิกิมีเดียคอมมอนส์</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q12490507" title="ลิงก์ไปยังสิ่งนี้ในคลังซึ่งเชื่อมโยงข้อมูลต่าง ๆ เข้าด้วยกัน [g]" accesskey="g"><span>สิ่งนี้ในวิกิสนเทศ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="หน้าเครื่องมือ"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="หน้าตา"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">หน้าตา</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">ย้ายเมนูไปที่แถบด้านข้าง</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ซ่อน</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">จากวิกิพีเดีย สารานุกรมเสรี</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(เปลี่ยนทางจาก <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99&amp;redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="รัฐเคาะลีฟะฮ์รอชิดีน">รัฐเคาะลีฟะฮ์รอชิดีน</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="th" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox geography vcard" style="width:22em;font-size:88%;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="adr" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;padding:0.25em 0.33em 0.33em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:1.25em;"><div style="display:inline" class="fn org country-name">รัฐเคาะลีฟะฮ์รอชิดูน</div><br /><div style="padding-top:0.25em; font-weight:normal;"><span title="ข้อความภาษาอาหรับ"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">الخلافة الراشدة</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center">632–661</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Mohammad_adil-Rashidun-empire-at-its-peak-close.PNG" class="mw-file-description" title="รัฐเคาะลีฟะฮ์รอชิดูนในช่วงสูงสุดในรัชสมัยเคาะลีฟะฮ์ อุษมาน เมื่อ ป. ค.ศ. 654"><img alt="รัฐเคาะลีฟะฮ์รอชิดูนในช่วงสูงสุดในรัชสมัยเคาะลีฟะฮ์ อุษมาน เมื่อ ป. ค.ศ. 654" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Mohammad_adil-Rashidun-empire-at-its-peak-close.PNG/250px-Mohammad_adil-Rashidun-empire-at-its-peak-close.PNG" decoding="async" width="250" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Mohammad_adil-Rashidun-empire-at-its-peak-close.PNG/375px-Mohammad_adil-Rashidun-empire-at-its-peak-close.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Mohammad_adil-Rashidun-empire-at-its-peak-close.PNG/500px-Mohammad_adil-Rashidun-empire-at-its-peak-close.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1196" data-file-height="580" /></a></span><div style="position:relative;top:0.3em;">รัฐเคาะลีฟะฮ์รอชิดูนในช่วงสูงสุดในรัชสมัยเคาะลีฟะฮ์ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="อุษมาน">อุษมาน</a> เมื่อ <abbr title="ประมาณ">ป.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;">&#8201;ค.ศ. 654</span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87" title="เมืองหลวง">เมืองหลวง</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="มะดีนะฮ์">มะดีนะฮ์</a> (632–656)<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="กูฟะฮ์ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">กูฟะฮ์</a> (656–661)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">ภาษาทั่วไป</th><td><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81" title="ภาษาอาหรับคลาสสิก">ภาษาอาหรับคลาสสิก</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">ศาสนา <div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;"></div></th><td><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="อิสลาม">อิสลาม</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">การปกครอง</th><td><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C" title="รัฐเคาะลีฟะฮ์">รัฐเคาะลีฟะฮ์</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C" title="เคาะลีฟะฮ์">เคาะลีฟะฮ์</a></th><td>&#160;</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•&#160;632–634 </div></th><td><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="อะบูบักร์">อะบูบักร์</a> (องค์แรก)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•&#160;634–644 </div></th><td><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A3" title="อุมัร">อุมัร</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•&#160;644–656 </div></th><td><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="อุษมาน">อุษมาน</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•&#160;656–661 </div></th><td><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="อะลี">อะลี</a> (องค์สุดท้าย)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row">ประวัติศาสตร์</th><td>&#160;</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•&#160;<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B3%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="การสืบทอดตำแหน่งของมุฮัมมัด (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">การสืบทอดตำแหน่งของมุฮัมมัด</a> </div></th><td>632</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•&#160;<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1" title="การพิชิตจักรวรรดิเปอร์เซียโดยมุสลิม">การพิชิตเปอร์เซีย</a> </div></th><td>633</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•&#160;อุมัรขึ้นครองราชย์ </div></th><td>634</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•&#160;<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A3#ลอบสังหาร" title="อุมัร">การลอบสังหารอุมัร</a>และอุษมานขึ้นครองราชย์ </div></th><td>644</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•&#160;<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="การลอบสังหารอุษมาน (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">การลอบสังหารอุษมาน</a>และอะลีขึ้นครองราชย์ </div></th><td>656</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•&#160;<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5" title="การลอบสังหารอะลี">การลอบสังหารอะลี</a> </div></th><td>661</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•&#160;<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B6%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87" title="ฟิตนะฮ์ครั้งที่หนึ่ง">ฟิตนะฮ์ครั้งที่หนึ่ง</a> (ความขัดแย้งภายใน) สิ้นสุดหลังฮะซันสละราชสมบัติ </div></th><td>661</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;text-align:left;">พื้นที่</th></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row">655<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></th><td>6,400,000 ตารางกิโลเมตร (2,500,000 ตารางไมล์)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">สกุลเงิน</th><td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9259874">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none none;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{list-style:none;padding-left:0}</style> <div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="ดิรฮัม (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ดิรฮัม</a> (เหรียญเงิน)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="ฟัลส์ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ฟัลส์</a> (เหรัยญทองแดง)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B3&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="ดีนารทองคำ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ดีนาร</a> (เหรียญทอง)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"> <table style="width:95%; background: transparent; text-align:center; margin:0 auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>ก่อนหน้า</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>ถัดไป</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; background: transparent; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a 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class="nv-แก้"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:EditPage/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C" title="พิเศษ:EditPage/แม่แบบ:รัฐเคาะลีฟะฮ์"><abbr title="แก้ไขแม่แบบนี้">ก</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>รัฐเคาะลีฟะฮ์รอชิดูน</b> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A" title="ภาษาอาหรับ">อาหรับ</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">اَلْخِلَافَةُ ٱلرَّاشِدَةُ</span>, <small>อักษรโรมัน:&#160;</small><span title="การถอดภาษาอาหรับเป็นอักษรโรมัน"><i lang="ar-Latn">al-Khilāfah ar-Rāšidah</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A4%E0%B8%A9" title="ภาษาอังกฤษ">อังกฤษ</a>: <span lang="en">Rashidun Caliphate</span>) เป็น<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C" title="รัฐเคาะลีฟะฮ์">รัฐเคาะลีฟะฮ์</a>รัฐแรกที่ก่อตั้งขึ้นหลังจากการเสียชีวิตของ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94" title="มุฮัมมัด">มุฮัมมัด</a> ปกครองโดยเคาะลีฟะฮ์ 4 พระองค์แรกของมุฮัมมัดหลังเสียชีวิตใน ค.ศ. 632 (ฮ.ศ. 11) ในช่วงที่มีตัวตน จักรวรรดินี้มีกำลังทางเศรษฐกิจ วัฒนธรรม และการทหารที่ทรงอิทธิพลที่สุดใน<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%81" class="mw-redirect" title="เอเชียตะวันตก">เอเชียตะวันตก</a> </p><p>รัฐเคาะลีฟะฮ์จัดตั้งขึ้นหลังมุฮัมมัดเสียชีวิตในเดือนมิถุนายน ค.ศ. 632 และการอภิปรายเรื่อง<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="การสืบทอดของมุฮัมมัด (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">การสืบทอดตำแหน่งผู้นำ</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="อะบูบักร์">อะบูบักร์</a> (<abbr title="ครองราชย์">ค.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;">&#8201;632</span>&#160;–<span style="white-space:nowrap;">&#8201;634</span>) เพื่อนในวัยเด็กและผู้ติดตามที่ใกล้ชิดของมุฮัมมัดจากตระกูล<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%8C&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="บะนูตัยม์ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">บะนูตัยม์</a> ได้รับเลือกเป็นเคาะลีฟะฮ์องค์แรกที่<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="มะดีนะฮ์">มะดีนะฮ์</a>และเริ่มต้น<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1" title="การพิชิตดินแดนโดยมุสลิม">การพิชิตาบสมุทรอาหรับ</a> รัชสมัยของพระองค์สิ้นสุดเมื่อพระองค์สวรรคตในเดือนสิงหาคม ค.ศ. 634 และ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A3" title="อุมัร">อุมัร</a> (<abbr title="ครองราชย์">ค.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;">&#8201;634</span>&#160;–<span style="white-space:nowrap;">&#8201;644</span>) บุคคลที่อะบูบักร์เลือกจาก<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="บะนูอะดี (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">บะนูอะดี</a> ขึ้นดำรงตำแหน่งต่อ ในรัชสมัยอุมัร รัฐเคาะลีฟะฮ์ได้ขยายตัวในอัตราที่ไม่เคยมีมาก่อน โดยปกครองเหนือพื้นที่<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%8C" title="จักรวรรดิไบแซนไทน์">จักรวรรดิไบแซนไทน์</a>มากกว่าสองในสาม และ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99" title="จักรวรรดิซาเซเนียน">จักรวรรดิซาเซเนียน</a>เกือบทั้งหมด อุมัรถูกลอบสังหารในเดือนพฤศจิกายน ค.ศ. 644 และคณะกรรมการหกคนของอุมัรได้เลือก<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="อุษมาน">อุษมาน</a> (<abbr title="ครองราชย์">ค.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;">&#8201;644</span>&#160;–<span style="white-space:nowrap;">&#8201;656</span>) สมาชิกตระกูล<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C" title="ราชวงศ์อุมัยยะฮ์">บะนูอุมัยยะฮ์</a> ขึ้นมาดำรงตำแหน่งต่อ ในรัชสมัยอุษมาน รัฐเคาะลีฟะฮ์พิชิตเปอร์เซียทั้งหมดใน ค.ศ. 651 และขยายไปในดินแดนไบแซนไทน์ต่อ นโยบายที่เห็นแก่ญาติของอุษมานทำให้พระองค์ได้รับการต่อต้านอย่างรุนแรงจากชนชั้นนำมุสลิม และในที่สุดก็ถูกกลุ่มกบฏลอบสังหารในเดือนมิถุนายน ค.ศ. 656 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="อะลี">อะลี</a> (<abbr title="ครองราชย์">ค.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;">&#8201;656</span>&#160;–<span style="white-space:nowrap;">&#8201;661</span>) สมาชิกตระกูล<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="บะนูฮาชิม (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">บะนูฮาชิม</a>ของมุฮัมมัด ได้รับเลือกให้ดำรงตำแหน่งต่อ พระองค์ย้ายเมืองหลวงไปที่<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="กูฟะฮ์ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">กูฟะฮ์</a> อะลีเป็นผู้นำในสงครามกลางเมืองที่มีชื่อว่า <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B6%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87" title="ฟิตนะฮ์ครั้งที่หนึ่ง">ฟิตนะฮ์ครั้งที่หนึ่ง</a> เนื่องจากอำนาจอธิปไตยของพระองค์ไม่ได้รับการยอมรับจาก<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88_1" title="มุอาวิยะฮ์ที่ 1">มุอาวิยะฮ์ที่ 1</a> (<abbr title="ครองราชย์">ค.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;">&#8201;661</span>&#160;–<span style="white-space:nowrap;">&#8201;680</span>) ญาติของอุษมานและผู้ว่าการซีเรีย ผู้เชื่อว่าอุษมานถูกฆาตกรรมโดยมิชอบด้วยกฎหมายและคนที่ลงมือฆ่าควรได้รับโทษ นอกจากนี้ ยังมีกลุ่มที่สามที่รู้จักกันในชื่อ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%8D%E0%B9%8C" title="เคาะวาริจญ์">เคาะวาริจญ์</a> ที่เคยเป็นผู้สนับสนุนอะลี ก่อกบฏต่อทั้งฝ่ายอะลีกับมุอาวิยะฮ์หลังปฏิเสธที่จะยอมรับอนุญาโตตุลาการใน<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99" title="ยุทธการที่ศิฟฟีน">ยุทธการที่ศิฟฟีน</a> สงครามนี้นำไปสู่การโค่นล้มรัฐเคาะลีฟะฮ์รอชิดูนและจัดตั้ง<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C" title="รัฐเคาะลีฟะฮ์อุมัยยะฮ์">รัฐเคาะลีฟะฮ์อุมัยยะฮ์</a>ของมุอาวิยะฮ์ใน ค.ศ. 661 สงครามกลางเมืองนี้นำไปสู่ความแตกแยกระหว่างมุสลิมนิกายซุนนีกับชีอะฮ์อย่างถาวร โดยชีอะฮ์เชื่อว่าอะลีเป็นเคาะลีฟะฮ์ผู้ทรงธรรมคนแรก และเป็น<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C" title="อิมามะฮ์">อิหม่าม</a>ถัดจากมุฮัมมัด พวกเขาโปรดปรานความสัมพันธ์ทางสายเลือดของอะลีกับมุฮัมมัด<sup id="cite_ref-Triana_159_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Triana_159-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>รัฐเคาะลีฟะฮ์รอชิดูนมีช่วงระยะเวลา<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1" title="การพิชิตดินแดนโดยมุสลิม">การขยายทางทหาร</a>อย่างรวดเร็ว 25 ปี ตามมาด้วย<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B6%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87" title="ฟิตนะฮ์ครั้งที่หนึ่ง">ความขัดแย้งภายใน</a> 5 ปี <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="กองทัพรอชิดูน (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">กองทัพรอชิดูน</a>ในช่วงสูงสุดมีทหารมากกว่า 100,000 นาย ในช่วงคริสต์ทศวรรษ 650 นอกจาก<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A" title="คาบสมุทรอาหรับ">คาบสมุทรอาหรับ</a>แล้ว รัฐเคาะลีฟะฮ์ได้พิชิต<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C" title="ลิแวนต์">ลิแวนต์</a>ถึง<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="ทรานส์คอเคซัส (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ทรานส์คอเคซัส</a>ทางเหนือ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD" title="แอฟริกาเหนือ">แอฟริกาเหนือ</a>จาก<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="อียิปต์">อียิปต์</a>ถึง<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="ตูนิเซีย">ตูนิเซีย</a>ในปัจจุบันทางตะวันตก และ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="ที่ราบสูงอิหร่าน">ที่ราบสูงอิหร่าน</a>ถึงพื้นที่บางส่วนของ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87" title="เอเชียกลาง">เอเชียกลาง</a>และ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%89" title="เอเชียใต้">เอเชียใต้</a>ทางตะวันออก เคาะลีฟะฮ์รอชิดูนทั้ง 4 พระองค์ได้รับเลือกจากการเลือกตั้งขนาดเล็กประกอบด้วยสมาชิกที่โดดเด่นของสมาพันธ์ชนเผ่า<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%8C" title="กุร็อยช์">กุร็อยช์</a>ที่มีชื่อว่า <span title="การถอดภาษาอาหรับเป็นอักษรโรมัน"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="ชูรอ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ชูรอ</a></i></span> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A" title="ภาษาอาหรับ">อาหรับ</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">شُـوْرَى</span>, <abbr title="การแปลตรงตัว">แปลว่า</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;">&#8201;การปรึกษาหารือ</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ที่มา"><span id=".E0.B8.97.E0.B8.B5.E0.B9.88.E0.B8.A1.E0.B8.B2"></span>ที่มา</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="แก้ไขส่วน: ที่มา"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Rashidun_Caliphate_(greatest_extent).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Rashidun_Caliphate_%28greatest_extent%29.svg/250px-Rashidun_Caliphate_%28greatest_extent%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Rashidun_Caliphate_%28greatest_extent%29.svg/375px-Rashidun_Caliphate_%28greatest_extent%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Rashidun_Caliphate_%28greatest_extent%29.svg/500px-Rashidun_Caliphate_%28greatest_extent%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="553" data-file-height="553" /></a><figcaption>รัฐเคาะลีฟะฮ์รอชิดูนในช่วงสูงสุด</figcaption></figure> <p>หลังการเสียชีวิตของ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94" title="มุฮัมมัด">มุฮัมมัด</a>ใน ค.ศ. 632 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="อันศอร (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ผู้ติดตาม</a>ของท่านใน<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="มะดีนะฮ์">มะดีนะฮ์</a>ถกเถียงกันว่าใครควรสืบทอดกิจการของ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1" title="มุสลิม">มุสลิม</a> ในขณะที่ครอบครัวของมุฮัมมัดกำลังยุ่งอยู่กับพิธีฝังศพ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A3" title="อุมัร">อุมัร</a>และ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%8C&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="อะบูอุบัยดะฮ์ อิบน์ อัลญัรรอห์ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">อะบูอุบัยดะฮ์ อิบน์ อัลญัรรอห์</a>ถวายสัตย์ปฏิญาณตนต่อ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="อะบูบักร์">อะบูบักร์</a> ภายหลังฝ่ายอันศอรกับ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%8C" title="กุร็อยช์">กุร็อยช์</a>จึงเริ่มปฏิบัติตาม อะบูบักร์จัดตั้งตำแหน่ง <i>เคาะลีฟะฮ์ เราะซูลุลลอฮ์</i> (<span title="ข้อความภาษาอาหรับ"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">خَـلِـيْـفَـةُ رَسُـوْلِ اللهِ</span></span>, "ผู้สืบทอดจากศาสนทูตของอัลลอฮ์") หรือสั้น ๆ ว่า เคาะลีฟะฮ์<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcHugo201793_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcHugo201793-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> อะบูบักร์เริ่มดำเนินการรบเพื่อเผยแผ่อิสลาม ตอนแรกพระองค์จะต้องปราบชนเผ่าอาหรับที่อ้างว่าแม้ว่าพวกตนจะให้คำมั่นว่าจะจงรักภักดีต่อมุฮัมมัดและเข้ารับอิสลาม แต่พวกเขาก็ไม่ได้มีความเกี่ยวดองอะไรกับอะบูบักร์ ในฐานะเคาะลีฟะฮ์ อะบูบักร์และผู้สืบทอดทั้งสามพระองค์ไม่ได้เป็นกษัตริย์และไม่ได้อ้างตำแหน่งนั้น แต่การเลือกตั้งและความเป็นผู้นำของพวกเขาขึ้นอยู่กับ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1" title="คุณธรรมนิยม">คุณธรรม</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>ฝ่ายซุนนีเชื่อว่า เคาะลีฟะฮ์รอชิดูนทั้ง 4 พระองค์มีความเชื่อมโยงกับศาสดามุฮัมมัดผ่านการแต่งงาน เป็นคนกลุ่มแรกที่เข้ารับอิสลาม<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> เป็น<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A9%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%8C" title="ฮะดีษเกี่ยวกับสิบคนที่ถูกสัญญาว่าได้เข้าสวรรค์">สิบคนที่ได้รับสัญญาว่าจะได้เข้าสวรรค์</a> เป็นผู้ติดตามที่ใกล้ชิดของท่านผ่านความสัมพันธ์และการสนับสนุน และมักได้รับการยกย่องอย่างสูงจากมุฮัมมัดและได้รับมอบหมายให้มีบทบาทเป็นผู้นำในชุมชนมุสลิมช่วงแรก เคาะลีฟะฮ์เหล่านี้เป็นที่รู้จักในมุสลิมนิกาย<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5" title="ซุนนี">ซุนนี</a>ว่า <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="รอชิดูน (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">รอชิดูน</a></i> หรือเคาะลีฟะฮ์ที่ได้รับ"แนวทางที่ถูกต้อง" (<span title="ข้อความภาษาอาหรับ"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">اَلْخُلَفَاءُ ٱلرَّاشِدُونَ</span></span>, <i><span title="การถอดภาษาอาหรับเป็นอักษรโรมัน"><i lang="ar-Latn">al-Khulafāʾ ar-Rāšidūn</i></span></i>) มุสลิมนิกายซุนนีรายงานว่า ชื่อรัฐเคาะลีฟะฮ์รอชิดูนมาจาก<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="ฮะดีษ">ฮะดีษ</a>ที่มีชื่อเสียง<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>ของมุฮัมมัดที่กล่าวไว้ล่วงหน้าว่า จะมีรัฐเคาะลีฟะฮ์หลังจากท่าน 30 ปี<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> (ระยะเวลาของรัฐเคาะลีฟะฮ์รอชิดูน) และจะตามมาด้วยการปกครองโดยกษัตริย์ (รัฐเคาะลีฟะฮ์อุมัยยะฮ์ปกครองด้วยระบอบราชาธิปไตยแบบสืบสันตติวงศ์)<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> นอกจากนี้ ฮะดีษอื่น ๆ ใน<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%94&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="ซุนัน อะบูดาวูด (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ซุนัน อะบูดาวูด</a>กับ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A5&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="มุสนัด อะห์มัด อิบน์ ฮันบัล (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">มุสนัด อะห์มัด อิบน์ ฮันบัล</a>ระบุว่า พระเจ้าจะฟื้นฟูเคาะลีฟะฮ์ที่ได้รับแนวทางที่ถูกต้องอีกครั้งจนกระทั่งวาระสุดท้าย<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> อย่างไรก็ตาม มุสลิมนิกาย<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C" title="ชีอะฮ์">ชีอะฮ์</a>ไม่ใช้ศัพท์นี้ เนื่องจากพวกเขาไม่ถือว่าเคาะลีฟะฮ์สามพระองค์แรกปกครองโดยชอบธรรม<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> ถึงกระนั้น มุสลิมนิกาย<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="ซัยดียะฮ์ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ชีอะฮ์ซัยดียะฮ์</a>เชื่อว่าเคาะลีฟะฮ์สามองค์แรกเป็นผู้นำที่มีความชอบธรรม<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERane201083_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERane201083-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="สิ่งสืบทอด"><span id=".E0.B8.AA.E0.B8.B4.E0.B9.88.E0.B8.87.E0.B8.AA.E0.B8.B7.E0.B8.9A.E0.B8.97.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.94"></span>สิ่งสืบทอด</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="แก้ไขส่วน: สิ่งสืบทอด"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>นักวิชาการฆราวาสบางส่วนตั้งคำถามต่อมุมมองรอชิดูนของ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5" title="ซุนนี">ซุนนี</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%95_%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B5._%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="รอเบิร์ต จี. ฮอยแลนด์ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">รอเบิร์ต จี. ฮอยแลนด์</a>กล่าวว่า "นักเขียนที่มีชีวิตในช่วงเวลาเดียวกันกับเคาะลีฟะฮ์ 4 องค์แรก ... ไม่ได้บันทึกเกี่ยวกับพวกเขาน้อยมาก และชื่อของพวกเขาไม่ได้ปรากฏบนเหรียญ จารึก หรือเอกสาร จนกระทั่งเคาะลีฟฮ์งอค์ที่ 5" <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88_1" title="มุอาวิยะฮ์ที่ 1">มุอาวิยะฮ์ที่ 1</a> (661–680) "ที่มีหลักฐานเกี่ยวกับการทำงานของรัฐบาลอาหรับthat เนื่องจากปรากฏชื่อพระองค์บนสื่อทางการของรัฐทั้งหมด"<sup id="cite_ref-RGHIGP2015:98_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RGHIGP2015:98-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> อย่างไรก็ตาม ก็มีจารึกที่เขียนขึ้นในสมัยนั้น หนึ่งในนั้นระบุชื่อและวันเสียชีวิตของ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A3" title="อุมัร">อุมัร</a> และมีเหรียญที่ปรากฏในรัชสมัยนั้นด้วย (ถึงแม้ว่าวัตถุเหล่านั้นจะไม่ปรากฏชื่อ แต่ปรากฏเพียง "ด้วยพระนามของอัลลอฮ์" ตามที่ฮอยแลนด์กล่าวไว้)<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>ฮอยแลนด์ยังตั้งคำถามถึงข้อกล่าวหาว่ารอชิดูนมีศีลธรรมเหนือกว่าอุมัยยะฮ์ โดยระบุว่าอะลีมีส่วนเกี่ยวข้องในสงครามกลางเมืองครั้งแรก (<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B6%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87" title="ฟิตนะฮ์ครั้งที่หนึ่ง">ฟิตนะฮ์ครั้งที่หนึ่ง</a>) และอุษมานได้ "ใช้รูปแบบการปกครองแบบเห็นแก่ญาติแล้ว"<sup id="cite_ref-RGHIGP2015:134_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RGHIGP2015:134-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> ซึงเคาะลีฟะฮ์องค์หลังถูกประณาม และสงสัยว่าแนวคิด “ยุคทอง” ของอิสลามในยุคแรกเริ่มมาจากความต้องการของนักวิชาการศาสนาสมัยอุมัยยะฮ์ตอนปลายถึงอับบาซียะฮ์ เพื่อแยกความแตกต่างระหว่างเคาะลีฟะฮ์กลุ่มแรก (ซึ่งมีอำนาจในการออกกฎหมายมากกว่า) และเคาะลีฟะฮ์ร่วมสมัยที่พวกเขาต้องการติดตามในเรื่องศาสนาของพวกเขา (อุละมาอ์) ทำให้ในภายหลัง กลุ่มผู้ติดตาม "ได้รับการปรับปรุง" เป็น "แบบอย่างของความกตัญญูกตเวทิตาธรรม"<sup id="cite_ref-RGHIGP2015:227_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RGHIGP2015:227-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>ข้อความเหล่านี้มีความคล้ายคลึงกับมุมมองผู้ติดตาม (รวมเคาะลีฟะฮ์รอชิดูน) ของ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C" title="ชีอะฮ์">ชีอะฮ์</a> ชีอะฮ์หลายคนไม่มีมุมมองเดียวกันกับซุนนีที่เชื่อว่าผู้ติดตามล้วนเป็นแบบอย่างของความกตัญญู แต่กล่าาวหาหลายคนว่าสมรู้ร่วมคิดหลังจากท่านศาสดาเสียชีวิต เพื่อลิดรอน<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="อะลี">อะลี</a>กับลูกหลานของเขาจากการเป็นผู้นำ ในมุมมองของชีอะฮ์ ผู้ติดตามหลายคนและผู้สืบทอดเป็นผู้แย่งชิง แม้แต่คนหน้าซื่อใจคด ที่ไม่เคยหยุดที่จะล้มล้างศาสนาเพื่อผลประโยชน์ของตนเอง<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="การทหาร"><span id=".E0.B8.81.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.A3.E0.B8.97.E0.B8.AB.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.A3"></span>การทหาร</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="แก้ไขส่วน: การทหาร"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>กองทัพรอชิดูนเป็นหน่วยรบหลักของกองกำลังติดอาวุธอิสลามในคริสต์ศตวรรษที่ 7 โดยร่วมรบกับ<a href="/w/index.php?title=Early_Caliphate_navy&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Early Caliphate navy (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">กองทัพเรือรอชิดูน</a> กองทัพรักษาระเบียบวินัย ความกล้าหาญเชิงกลยุทธ์ และองค์กรในระดับสูงมาก พร้อมกับแรงจูงใจและความคิดริเริ่มของกองกำลังทหาร ตลอดทั้งประวัติศาสตร์ส่วนใหญ่ กองทัพนี้เป็นหนึ่งในกองกำลังทางทหารที่ทรงพลังและมีประสิทธิภาพที่สุดทั่วทั้งภูมิภาค โดยในช่วงสูงสุดของรัฐเคาะลีฟะฮ์รอชิดูน ขนาดสูงสุดของกองทัพคือประมาณ 100,000 นาย<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="กองทัพรอชิดูน"><span id=".E0.B8.81.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.87.E0.B8.97.E0.B8.B1.E0.B8.9E.E0.B8.A3.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.8A.E0.B8.B4.E0.B8.94.E0.B8.B9.E0.B8.99"></span>กองทัพรอชิดูน</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="แก้ไขส่วน: กองทัพรอชิดูน"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Mohammad_Adil_Rais-Muslim_warrior_during_rashidun_caliphate.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Mohammad_Adil_Rais-Muslim_warrior_during_rashidun_caliphate.PNG/170px-Mohammad_Adil_Rais-Muslim_warrior_during_rashidun_caliphate.PNG" decoding="async" width="170" height="314" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Mohammad_Adil_Rais-Muslim_warrior_during_rashidun_caliphate.PNG/255px-Mohammad_Adil_Rais-Muslim_warrior_during_rashidun_caliphate.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Mohammad_Adil_Rais-Muslim_warrior_during_rashidun_caliphate.PNG/340px-Mohammad_Adil_Rais-Muslim_warrior_during_rashidun_caliphate.PNG 2x" data-file-width="527" data-file-height="974" /></a><figcaption>ทหารรอชิดูนที่สวมหมวกเหล็ก-สัมฤทธิ์ เสื้อเกราะหนัง<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B6%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="เสื้อเกราะยาวถึงเข่า (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ยาวถึงเข่า</a>และเป็นแผ่น เขาแขวนดาบที่สายสะพายบ่าและถือโล่หนัง</figcaption></figure> <p>กองทัพรอชิดูนแบ่งออกเป็น<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A" title="ทหารราบ">ทหารราบ</a>และ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="ทหารม้าเบา (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ทหารม้าเบา</a> การสร้างยุทโธปกรณ์ทางทหารของกองทัพมุสลิมยุคแรกขึ้นมาใหม่นั้นเป็นปัญหา เมื่อเทียบกับกองทัพโรมันกับกองทัพมุสลิมสมัยกลางยุคหลัง ขอบเขตภาพลักษณ์มีขนาดเล็กมาก ส่วนใหญ่ไม่ชัดเจน หลักฐานทางกายภาพมีเหลืออยู่น้อยมาก และหลักฐานส่วนใหญ่ก็ยากที่จะระบุวันที่ได้<sup id="cite_ref-Kennedy2001_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kennedy2001-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> ทหารสวมหมวกเหล็กและสัมฤทธิ์แบบเอเชียกลางจากอิรัก<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="กองทัพเรือรอชิดูน"><span id=".E0.B8.81.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.87.E0.B8.97.E0.B8.B1.E0.B8.9E.E0.B9.80.E0.B8.A3.E0.B8.B7.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.A3.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.8A.E0.B8.B4.E0.B8.94.E0.B8.B9.E0.B8.99"></span>กองทัพเรือรอชิดูน</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="แก้ไขส่วน: กองทัพเรือรอชิดูน"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r10224066">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output 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.mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}</style><table class="box-โครงส่วน plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>ส่วนนี้รอเพิ่มเติมข้อมูล</b> <small>คุณสามารถช่วย<a class="external text" href="https://th.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99&amp;action=edit&amp;section=">เพิ่มข้อมูลส่วนนี้</a>ได้</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="รายพระนาม"><span id=".E0.B8.A3.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.A2.E0.B8.9E.E0.B8.A3.E0.B8.B0.E0.B8.99.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.A1"></span>รายพระนาม</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="แก้ไขส่วน: รายพระนาม"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>ช่วงเวลา </th> <th>เคาะลีฟะฮ์ </th> <th>อักษรวิจิตร </th> <th>ความสัมพันธ์กับ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94" title="มุฮัมมัด">มุฮัมมัด</a> </th> <th>พระราชบิดามารดา </th> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banu_(Arabic)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Banu (Arabic) (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ตระกูล</a> </th> <th>หมายเหตุ </th></tr> <tr> <td>8 มิถุนายน 632 – 22 สิงหาคม 634 </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="อะบูบักร์">อะบูบักร์</a></b><br />(<b><span title="ข้อความภาษาอาหรับ"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">أبو بكر</span></span></b>) </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Rashidun_Caliph_Abu_Bakr_as-%C8%98idd%C4%ABq_(Abdullah_ibn_Abi_Quhafa)_-_%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%88_%D8%A8%D9%83%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%82_%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%B9%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%B4%D9%8A_%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img 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<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="อุมมุลค็อยร์ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">อุมมุลค็อยร์</a></li></ul> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%8C&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="บะนูตัยม์ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">บะนูตัยม์</a> </td> <td> <ul><li>ในวันที่ 23 สิงหาคม ค.ศ. 634 อะบูบักร์ล้มป่วยและมีไข้สูง</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>23 สิงหาคม 634 – 3 พฤศจิกายน 644 </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A3" title="อุมัร">อุมัร</a></b><br />(<b><span title="ข้อความภาษาอาหรับ"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">عمر</span></span></b>) </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a 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href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8F%E0%B8%8F%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="อัลค็อฏฏอบ อิบน์ นุฟัยล์ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">อัลค็อฏฏอบ อิบน์ นุฟัยล์</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="ฮันตะมะฮ์ บินต์ ฮิชาม (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ฮันตะมะฮ์ บินต์ ฮิชาม</a></li></ul> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="บะนูอะดี (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">บะนูอะดี</a> </td> <td> <ul><li>ถูกลอบสังหารจากชาวเปอร์เซีย<sup id="cite_ref-عصام_محمد_شبارو_1995_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-عصام_محمد_شبارو_1995-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung1997_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1997-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2" title="วิกิพีเดีย:การอ้างอิงแหล่งที่มา"><span title="ต้องการอ้างอิงไปยังเลขหน้าโดยเฉพาะหรือพิสัยเลขหน้าจากแหล่งอ้างอิง (May 2022)">ต้องการเลขหน้า</span></a></i>&#93;</sup></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11 พฤศจิกายน 644 – 20 มิถุนายน 656 </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="อุษมาน">อุษมาน</a></b><br />(<b><span title="ข้อความภาษาอาหรับ"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">عثمان</span></span></b>) </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Rashidun_Caliph_Uthman_ibn_Affan_-_%D8%B9%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%B9%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img 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href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1_%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="อุมม์ กัลษูม บินต์ มุฮัมมัด (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">อุมม์ กัลษูม</a> ลูกสาวขอมุฮัมมัด</li> <li>หลานชายของ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A1_%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%8F%E0%B8%8F%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="อุมม์ ฮะกีม บินต์ อับดุลมุฏฏอลิบ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">อุมม์ ฮะกีม บินต์ อับดุลมุฏฏอลิบ</a> ป้าฝ่ายพ่อของมุฮัมมัด</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B5_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="อัฟฟาน อิบน์ อะบี อัลอาศ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">อัฟฟาน อิบน์ อะบี อัลอาศ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2_%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="อัรวา บินต์ กุร็อยซ์ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">อัรวา บินต์ กุร็อยซ์</a></li></ul> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C" title="ราชวงศ์อุมัยยะฮ์">บะนูอุมัยยะฮ์</a> </td> <td> <ul><li>ถูกลอบสังหารในบ้าน<sup id="cite_ref-عصام_محمد_شبارو_1995_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-عصام_محمد_شبارو_1995-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung1997_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1997-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2" title="วิกิพีเดีย:การอ้างอิงแหล่งที่มา"><span title="ต้องการอ้างอิงไปยังเลขหน้าโดยเฉพาะหรือพิสัยเลขหน้าจากแหล่งอ้างอิง (May 2022)">ต้องการเลขหน้า</span></a></i>&#93;</sup></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>20 มิถุนายน 656 – 29 มกราคม 661 </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="อะลี">อะลี</a></b><br />(<b><span title="ข้อความภาษาอาหรับ"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">علي</span></span></b>) </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Rashidun_Caliph_Ali_ibn_Abi_Talib_-_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Rashidun_Caliph_Ali_ibn_Abi_Talib_-_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8.svg/100px-Rashidun_Caliph_Ali_ibn_Abi_Talib_-_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Rashidun_Caliph_Ali_ibn_Abi_Talib_-_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8.svg/150px-Rashidun_Caliph_Ali_ibn_Abi_Talib_-_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Rashidun_Caliph_Ali_ibn_Abi_Talib_-_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8.svg/200px-Rashidun_Caliph_Ali_ibn_Abi_Talib_-_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span> </td> <td> <ul><li>ลูกพี่ลูกน้องของมุฮัมมัด</li> <li>สามีของ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C" title="ฟาฏิมะฮ์">ฟาฏิมะฮ์</a> ลูกสาวของมุฮัมมัด</li> <li>สามีของ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B5_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="อุมามะฮ์ บินต์ อะบี อัลอาศ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">อุมามะฮ์ บินต์ อะบี อัลอาศ</a> หลานสาวของมุฮัมมัด</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%8F%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%8F%E0%B8%8F%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A" title="อะบูฏอลิบ อิบน์ อับดุลมุฏฏอลิบ">อะบูฏอลิบ อิบน์ อับดุลมุฏฏอลิบ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="ฟาฏิมะฮ์ บินต์ อะซัด (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ฟาฏิมะฮ์ บินต์ อะซัด</a></li></ul> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="บะนูฮาชิม (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">บะนูฮาชิม</a> </td> <td> <ul><li>ถูกลอบสังหารขณะละหมาดศุบฮ์ที่<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%8D%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="มัสยิดใหญ่แห่งกูฟะฮ์ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">มัสยิดใหญ่แห่งกูฟะฮ์</a><sup id="cite_ref-عصام_محمد_شبارو_1995_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-عصام_محمد_شبارو_1995-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung1997_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1997-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2" title="วิกิพีเดีย:การอ้างอิงแหล่งที่มา"><span title="ต้องการอ้างอิงไปยังเลขหน้าโดยเฉพาะหรือพิสัยเลขหน้าจากแหล่งอ้างอิง (May 2022)">ต้องการเลขหน้า</span></a></i>&#93;</sup></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="อ้างอิง"><span id=".E0.B8.AD.E0.B9.89.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.87.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.B4.E0.B8.87"></span>อ้างอิง</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="แก้ไขส่วน: อ้างอิง"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r10205087">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFRein_Taagepera1997" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rein_Taagepera&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Rein Taagepera (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Rein Taagepera</a> (September 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/3cn68807">"Expansion and Contraction Patterns of Large Polities: Context for Russia"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Studies_Quarterly&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="International Studies Quarterly (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">International Studies Quarterly</a></i>. <b>41</b> (3): 495. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2F0020-8833.00053">10.1111/0020-8833.00053</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/2600793">2600793</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=International+Studies+Quarterly&amp;rft.atitle=Expansion+and+Contraction+Patterns+of+Large+Polities%3A+Context+for+Russia&amp;rft.volume=41&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.pages=495&amp;rft.date=1997-09&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2F0020-8833.00053&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2600793%23id-name%3DJSTOR&amp;rft.au=Rein+Taagepera&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.escholarship.org%2Fuc%2Fitem%2F3cn68807&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Triana_159-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Triana_159_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFTriana2017" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Triana, María (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VC4lDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA159"><i>Managing Diversity in Organizations: A Global Perspective</i></a> (ภาษาอังกฤษ). Taylor &amp; Francis. p.&#160;159. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/9781317423683" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/9781317423683"><bdi>9781317423683</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Managing+Diversity+in+Organizations%3A+A+Global+Perspective&amp;rft.pages=159&amp;rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&amp;rft.date=2017&amp;rft.isbn=9781317423683&amp;rft.aulast=Triana&amp;rft.aufirst=Mar%C3%ADa&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVC4lDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA159&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFBosworthMarínAyalon1960–2007" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clifford_Edmund_Bosworth&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Clifford Edmund Bosworth (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Bosworth, C.E.</a>; Marín, Manuela; Ayalon, A. (1960–2007). "Shūrā". ใน <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peri_Bearman&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Peri Bearman (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Bearman, P.</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thierry_Bianquis&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Thierry Bianquis (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Bianquis, Th.</a>; Bosworth, C.E.; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emeri_Johannes_van_Donzel&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Emeri Johannes van Donzel (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">van Donzel, E.</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wolfhart_Heinrichs&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Wolfhart Heinrichs (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Heinrichs, W.P.</a> (บ.ก.). <i>Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F1573-3912_islam_COM_1063">10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_1063</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Sh%C5%ABr%C4%81&amp;rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Islam%2C+Second+Edition&amp;rft.date=1960%2F2007&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F1573-3912_islam_COM_1063&amp;rft.aulast=Bosworth&amp;rft.aufirst=C.E.&amp;rft.au=Mar%C3%ADn%2C+Manuela&amp;rft.au=Ayalon%2C+A.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcHugo201793-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcHugo201793_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcHugo2017">McHugo 2017</a>, p.&#160;93.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFAzyumardi_Azra2006" class="citation book cs1">Azyumardi Azra (2006). <i>Indonesia, Islam, and Democracy: Dynamics in a Global Context</i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Equinox_Publishing_(London)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Equinox Publishing (London) (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Equinox Publishing (London)</a>. p.&#160;9. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/9789799988812" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/9789799988812"><bdi>9789799988812</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Indonesia%2C+Islam%2C+and+Democracy%3A+Dynamics+in+a+Global+Context&amp;rft.pages=9&amp;rft.pub=Equinox+Publishing+%28London%29&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.isbn=9789799988812&amp;rft.au=Azyumardi+Azra&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFC._T._R._HewerAllan_Anderson2006" class="citation book cs1">C. T. R. Hewer; Allan Anderson (2006). <i>Understanding Islam: The First Ten Steps</i> (illustrated&#160;ed.). Hymns Ancient and Modern Ltd. p.&#160;37. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/9780334040323" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/9780334040323"><bdi>9780334040323</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Understanding+Islam%3A+The+First+Ten+Steps&amp;rft.pages=37&amp;rft.edition=illustrated&amp;rft.pub=Hymns+Ancient+and+Modern+Ltd&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.isbn=9780334040323&amp;rft.au=C.+T.+R.+Hewer&amp;rft.au=Allan+Anderson&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFAnheierJuergensmeyer2012" class="citation book cs1">Anheier, Helmut K.; Juergensmeyer, Mark, บ.ก. (2012). <i>Encyclopedia of Global Studies</i>. Sage Publications. p.&#160;151. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/9781412994224" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/9781412994224"><bdi>9781412994224</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Global+Studies&amp;rft.pages=151&amp;rft.pub=Sage+Publications&amp;rft.date=2012&amp;rft.isbn=9781412994224&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFClaire_Alkouatli2007" class="citation book cs1">Claire Alkouatli (2007). <span class="cs1-lock-registration" title="ต้องสมัครสมาชิกแบบฟรี"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/islam0000alko"><i>Islam</i></a></span> (illustrated, annotated&#160;ed.). Marshall Cavendish. p.&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/islam0000alko/page/44">44</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/9780761421207" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/9780761421207"><bdi>9780761421207</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Islam&amp;rft.pages=44&amp;rft.edition=illustrated%2C+annotated&amp;rft.pub=Marshall+Cavendish&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.isbn=9780761421207&amp;rft.au=Claire+Alkouatli&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fislam0000alko&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Catharina Raudvere, <i>Islam: An Introduction</i> (I.B.Tauris, 2015), 51–54.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFAsma_Afsaruddin2008" class="citation book cs1">Asma Afsaruddin (2008). <span class="cs1-lock-registration" title="ต้องสมัครสมาชิกแบบฟรี"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781851684977"><i>The first Muslims: history and memory</i></a></span>. Oneworld. p.&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781851684977/page/55">55</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+first+Muslims%3A+history+and+memory&amp;rft.pages=55&amp;rft.pub=Oneworld&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft.au=Asma+Afsaruddin&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9781851684977&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFSafia_Amir2000" class="citation book cs1">Safia Amir (2000). <i>Muslim Nationhood in India: Perceptions of Seven Eminent Thinkers</i>. Kanishka Publishers, Distributors. p.&#160;173. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/9788173913358" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/9788173913358"><bdi>9788173913358</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Muslim+Nationhood+in+India%3A+Perceptions+of+Seven+Eminent+Thinkers&amp;rft.pages=173&amp;rft.pub=Kanishka+Publishers%2C+Distributors&amp;rft.date=2000&amp;rft.isbn=9788173913358&amp;rft.au=Safia+Amir&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFHeather_N._Keaney2013" class="citation book cs1">Heather N. Keaney (2013). <i>Medieval Islamic Historiography: Remembering Rebellion</i>. Sira: Companion- versus Caliph-Oriented History: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/9781134081066" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/9781134081066"><bdi>9781134081066</bdi></a>. <q>He also foretold that there would be a caliphate for thirty years (the length of the Rashidun Caliphate) that would be followed by kingship.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Medieval+Islamic+Historiography%3A+Remembering+Rebellion&amp;rft.place=Sira%3A+Companion-+versus+Caliph-Oriented+History&amp;rft.pub=Routledge&amp;rft.date=2013&amp;rft.isbn=9781134081066&amp;rft.au=Heather+N.+Keaney&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFHamilton_Alexander_Rosskeen_GibbJohannes_Hendrik_KramersBernard_LewisCharles_Pellat1970" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Hamilton Alexander Rosskeen Gibb; Johannes Hendrik Kramers; Bernard Lewis; Charles Pellat; Joseph Schacht (1970). "The Encyclopaedia of Islam". <i>The Encyclopaedia of Islam</i>. Brill. 3 (Parts 57–58): 1164.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Encyclopaedia+of+Islam&amp;rft.atitle=The+Encyclopaedia+of+Islam&amp;rft.volume=3+%28Parts+57%E2%80%9358%29&amp;rft.pages=1164&amp;rft.date=1970&amp;rft.au=Hamilton+Alexander+Rosskeen+Gibb&amp;rft.au=Johannes+Hendrik+Kramers&amp;rft.au=Bernard+Lewis&amp;rft.au=Charles+Pellat&amp;rft.au=Joseph+Schacht&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFAqidah.Com2009" class="citation web cs1">Aqidah.Com (December 1, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aqidah.com/creed/articles/kyvik-the-khilaafah-lasted-for-30-years-then-there-was-kingship.cfm">"The Khilaafah Lasted for 30 Years Then There Was Kingship Which Allaah Gives To Whomever He Pleases"</a>. <i>Aqidah.Com</i>. Aqidah.Com<span class="reference-accessdate">. สืบค้นเมื่อ <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Aqidah.Com&amp;rft.atitle=The+Khilaafah+Lasted+for+30+Years+Then+There+Was+Kingship+Which+Allaah+Gives+To+Whomever+He+Pleases&amp;rft.date=2009-12-01&amp;rft.au=Aqidah.Com&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aqidah.com%2Fcreed%2Farticles%2Fkyvik-the-khilaafah-lasted-for-30-years-then-there-was-kingship.cfm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFSowerwine2010" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Sowerwine, James E. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9A2X9fB6NOEC&amp;pg=PA5"><i>Caliph and Caliphate: Oxford Bibliographies Online Research Guide</i></a> (ภาษาอังกฤษ). Oxford University Press. p.&#160;5. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/9780199806003" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/9780199806003"><bdi>9780199806003</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Caliph+and+Caliphate%3A+Oxford+Bibliographies+Online+Research+Guide&amp;rft.pages=5&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2010&amp;rft.isbn=9780199806003&amp;rft.aulast=Sowerwine&amp;rft.aufirst=James+E.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9A2X9fB6NOEC%26pg%3DPA5&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERane201083-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERane201083_16-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRane2010">Rane 2010</a>, p.&#160;83.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RGHIGP2015:98-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-RGHIGP2015:98_17-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#RGHIGP2015">Hoyland, <i>In God's Path</i>, 2015</a>: p. 98</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ghabban, A.I.I., Translation and concluding remarks by and Hoyland, R., 2008. The inscription of Zuhayr, the oldest Islamic inscription (24 AH/AD 644–645), the rise of the Arabic script and the nature of the early Islamic state 1. <i>Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy</i>, 19(2), pp. 210–237.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RGHIGP2015:134-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-RGHIGP2015:134_19-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#RGHIGP2015">Hoyland, <i>In God's Path</i>, 2015</a>: p. 134</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RGHIGP2015:227-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-RGHIGP2015:227_20-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#RGHIGP2015">Hoyland, <i>In God's Path</i>, 2015</a>: p. 227</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Zaman, M.Q., 1998. Sectarianism in Pakistan: The radicalization of Shi ‘i and Sunni identities. Modern Asian Studies, 32(3), p. 691.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFFratini2006" class="citation web cs1">Fratini, Dan (2006-04-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.militaryhistoryonline.com/muslimwars/articles/yarmuk.aspx">"The Battle Of Yarmuk, 636"</a>. Military History Online. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110516193813/http://www.militaryhistoryonline.com/muslimwars/articles/yarmuk.aspx">เก็บ</a>จากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 2011-05-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. สืบค้นเมื่อ <span class="nowrap">2014-11-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=The+Battle+Of+Yarmuk%2C+636&amp;rft.pub=Military+History+Online&amp;rft.date=2006-04-01&amp;rft.aulast=Fratini&amp;rft.aufirst=Dan&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.militaryhistoryonline.com%2Fmuslimwars%2Farticles%2Fyarmuk.aspx&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kennedy2001-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Kennedy2001_23-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFHugh_Kennedy2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_N._Kennedy&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hugh N. Kennedy (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Hugh Kennedy</a> (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110605014637/http://www.questia.com/reader/action/gotoDocId/102802943">"Chapter Seven: Weapons and equipment in early Muslim armies"</a>. <i>The Armies of the Caliphs: Military and Society in the Early Islamic State</i>. London: Routledge. p.&#160;168. คลังข้อมูลเก่าเก็บจาก<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/reader/action/gotoDocId/102802943">แหล่งเดิม</a>เมื่อ 2011-06-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. สืบค้นเมื่อ <span class="nowrap">2023-01-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Chapter+Seven%3A+Weapons+and+equipment+in+early+Muslim+armies&amp;rft.btitle=The+Armies+of+the+Caliphs%3A+Military+and+Society+in+the+Early+Islamic+State&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pages=168&amp;rft.pub=Routledge&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft.au=Hugh+Kennedy&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.questia.com%2Freader%2Faction%2FgotoDocId%2F102802943&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFKennedy2001" class="citation book cs1">Kennedy, Hugh (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110605015244/http://www.questia.com/reader/action/gotoDocId/102802958">"Chapter Eight: Fortification and siege warfare"</a>. <i>The Armies of the Caliphs: Military and Society in the Early Islamic State</i>. London: Routledge. p.&#160;183. คลังข้อมูลเก่าเก็บจาก<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/reader/action/gotoDocId/102802958">แหล่งเดิม</a>เมื่อ 2011-06-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. สืบค้นเมื่อ <span class="nowrap">2023-01-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Chapter+Eight%3A+Fortification+and+siege+warfare&amp;rft.btitle=The+Armies+of+the+Caliphs%3A+Military+and+Society+in+the+Early+Islamic+State&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pages=183&amp;rft.pub=Routledge&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft.aulast=Kennedy&amp;rft.aufirst=Hugh&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.questia.com%2Freader%2Faction%2FgotoDocId%2F102802958&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-عصام_محمد_شبارو_1995-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-عصام_محمد_شبارو_1995_25-0">25.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-عصام_محمد_شبارو_1995_25-1">25.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-عصام_محمد_شبارو_1995_25-2">25.2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFشبارو1995" class="citation book cs1">شبارو, عصام محمد (1995). <i>First Islamic Arab State (1–41 AH/ 623–661 CE)</i>. 3. Arab Renaissance House – Beirut, Lebanon. p.&#160;370.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=First+Islamic+Arab+State+%281%E2%80%9341+AH%2F+623%E2%80%93661+CE%29&amp;rft.series=3&amp;rft.pages=370&amp;rft.pub=Arab+Renaissance+House+%E2%80%93+Beirut%2C+Lebanon&amp;rft.date=1995&amp;rft.aulast=%D8%B4%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88&amp;rft.aufirst=%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%85+%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1997-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung1997_26-0">26.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung1997_26-1">26.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung1997_26-2">26.2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMadelung1997">Madelung 1997</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ข้อมูล"><span id=".E0.B8.82.E0.B9.89.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.A1.E0.B8.B9.E0.B8.A5"></span>ข้อมูล</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="แก้ไขส่วน: ข้อมูล"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r8938631">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{list-style-type:none;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>dl>dd{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="column-count: 2;"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFAbun-Nasr1987" class="citation cs2">Abun-Nasr, Jamil M. (1987), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jdlKbZ46YYkC"><i>A History of the Maghrib in the Islamic Period</i></a>, Cambridge, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/0-521-33767-4" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/0-521-33767-4"><bdi>0-521-33767-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Maghrib+in+the+Islamic+Period&amp;rft.place=Cambridge%2C+New+York%2C+Melbourne&amp;rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&amp;rft.date=1987&amp;rft.isbn=0-521-33767-4&amp;rft.aulast=Abun-Nasr&amp;rft.aufirst=Jamil+M.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjdlKbZ46YYkC&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFBosworth1996" class="citation journal cs1">Bosworth, C. Edmund (July 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25183178">"Arab Attacks on Rhodes in the Pre-Ottoman Period"</a>. <i>Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society</i>. <b>6</b> (2): 157–164. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS1356186300007161">10.1017/S1356186300007161</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/25183178">25183178</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:163550092">163550092</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Royal+Asiatic+Society&amp;rft.atitle=Arab+Attacks+on+Rhodes+in+the+Pre-Ottoman+Period&amp;rft.volume=6&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.pages=157-164&amp;rft.date=1996-07&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A163550092%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25183178%23id-name%3DJSTOR&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS1356186300007161&amp;rft.aulast=Bosworth&amp;rft.aufirst=C.+Edmund&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25183178&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFCharles2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Charles_(scholar)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Charles (scholar) (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Charles, Robert H.</a> (2007) [1916]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KgZ-DOr77OQC"><i>The Chronicle of John, Bishop of Nikiu: Translated from Zotenberg's Ethiopic Text</i></a>. 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Cambridge, MA: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Harvard_University_Press&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Harvard University Press (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Harvard University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/9780674050976" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/9780674050976"><bdi>9780674050976</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Muhammad+and+the+Believers%2C+at+the+Origins+of+Islam&amp;rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&amp;rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2010&amp;rft.isbn=9780674050976&amp;rft.aulast=Donner&amp;rft.aufirst=Fred+M.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYM8RBAAAQBAJ&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFFitzpatrickWalker2014" class="citation book cs1">Fitzpatrick, Coeli; Walker, Adam Hani (25 April 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2AtvBAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA186"><i>Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God &#91;2 volumes&#93;</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-1-61069-178-9" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-1-61069-178-9"><bdi>978-1-61069-178-9</bdi></a> &#8211; โดยทาง Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Muhammad+in+History%2C+Thought%2C+and+Culture%3A+An+Encyclopedia+of+the+Prophet+of+God+%5B2+volumes%5D&amp;rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&amp;rft.date=2014-04-25&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-61069-178-9&amp;rft.aulast=Fitzpatrick&amp;rft.aufirst=Coeli&amp;rft.au=Walker%2C+Adam+Hani&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2AtvBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA186&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFFrastuti2020" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Frastuti, Melia (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.37567/shar-e.v6i2.227">"Reformasi Sistem Administrasi Pemerintahan, Penakhlukkan di Darat Dan Dilautan Pada Era Bani Umayyah"</a>. <i>Jurnal Kajian Ekonomi Hukum Syariah</i> (ภาษามาเลย์). <b>6</b> (2): 119–127. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.37567%2Fshar-e.v6i2.227">10.37567/shar-e.v6i2.227</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:234578454">234578454</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. สืบค้นเมื่อ <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Jurnal+Kajian+Ekonomi+Hukum+Syariah&amp;rft.atitle=Reformasi+Sistem+Administrasi+Pemerintahan%2C+Penakhlukkan+di+Darat+Dan+Dilautan+Pada+Era+Bani+Umayyah&amp;rft.volume=6&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.pages=119-127&amp;rft.date=2020&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.37567%2Fshar-e.v6i2.227&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A234578454%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft.aulast=Frastuti&amp;rft.aufirst=Melia&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.37567%2Fshar-e.v6i2.227&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFHinds1972" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Hinds&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Martin Hinds (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Hinds, Martin</a> (October 1972). "The Murder of the Caliph Uthman". <i>International Journal of Middle East Studies</i>. <b>13</b> (4): 450–469. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0020743800025216">10.1017/S0020743800025216</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/162492">162492</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:159763369">159763369</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Middle+East+Studies&amp;rft.atitle=The+Murder+of+the+Caliph+Uthman&amp;rft.volume=13&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.pages=450-469&amp;rft.date=1972-10&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A159763369%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F162492%23id-name%3DJSTOR&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0020743800025216&amp;rft.aulast=Hinds&amp;rft.aufirst=Martin&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:Cite_journal" title="แม่แบบ:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date and year (<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:CS1_maint:_date_and_year" title="หมวดหมู่:CS1 maint: date and year">ลิงก์</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="RGHIGP2015" class="citation book cs1">Hoyland, Robert G. (2015). <i>In God's Path: the Arab Conquests and the Creation of an Islamic Empire</i>. Oxford University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=In+God%27s+Path%3A+the+Arab+Conquests+and+the+Creation+of+an+Islamic+Empire&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2015&amp;rft.aulast=Hoyland&amp;rft.aufirst=Robert+G.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFMadelung1997" class="citation book cs1">Madelung, Wilferd (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2QKBUwBUWWkC"><i>The Succession to Muhammad: A Study of the Early Caliphate</i></a>. Cambridge, England: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cambridge_University_Press&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Cambridge University Press (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/0521646960" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/0521646960"><bdi>0521646960</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Succession+to+Muhammad%3A+A+Study+of+the+Early+Caliphate&amp;rft.place=Cambridge%2C+England&amp;rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&amp;rft.date=1997&amp;rft.isbn=0521646960&amp;rft.aulast=Madelung&amp;rft.aufirst=Wilferd&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2QKBUwBUWWkC&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFMcHugo2017" class="citation book cs1">McHugo, John (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ze5aDwAAQBAJ"><i>A Concise History of Sunnis &amp; Shi'is</i></a>. Georgetown University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/978-1-62-616587-8" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/978-1-62-616587-8"><bdi>978-1-62-616587-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=A+Concise+History+of+Sunnis+%26+Shi%27is&amp;rft.pub=Georgetown+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2017&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-62-616587-8&amp;rft.aulast=McHugo&amp;rft.aufirst=John&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dze5aDwAAQBAJ&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFNetton2013" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Netton, Ian Richard (19 December 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bYtmAgAAQBAJ"><i>Encyclopaedia of Islam</i></a> (ภาษาอังกฤษ). 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Academic Monographs. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/9780522857283" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/9780522857283"><bdi>9780522857283</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Islam+and+Contemporary+Civilisation&amp;rft.pub=Academic+Monographs&amp;rft.date=2010&amp;rft.isbn=9780522857283&amp;rft.aulast=Rane&amp;rft.aufirst=Halim&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiOHb6MCGuVQC&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:The_Byzantine_Revival,_780%E2%80%93842&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="แม่แบบ:The Byzantine Revival, 780–842 (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">แม่แบบ:The Byzantine Revival, 780–842</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:Byzance_et_les_Arabes&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="แม่แบบ:Byzance et les Arabes (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">แม่แบบ:Byzance et les Arabes</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFWeeramantry1997" class="citation book cs1">Weeramantry, Judge Christopher G. (1997). <i>Justice Without Frontiers: Furthering Human Rights</i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brill_Publishers&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Brill Publishers (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Brill Publishers</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/90-411-0241-8" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/90-411-0241-8"><bdi>90-411-0241-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span 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title="หมวดหมู่:แม่แบบสถานีย่อยที่มีลิงก์สถานีย่อยเป็นลิงก์แดง">แม่แบบสถานีย่อยที่มีลิงก์สถานีย่อยเป็นลิงก์แดง</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87" title="หมวดหมู่:หน้าที่มีแม่แบบสถานีย่อยว่าง">หน้าที่มีแม่แบบสถานีย่อยว่าง</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A4%E0%B8%A9" title="หมวดหมู่:บทความที่มีข้อความภาษาอังกฤษ">บทความที่มีข้อความภาษาอังกฤษ</a></li><li><a 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