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<div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Yevropadagi mulklar (erta bosqich)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yevropadagi_mulklar_(erta_bosqich)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-„Birinchi_Britan_Imperiyasi“_(1583—1783)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#„Birinchi_Britan_Imperiyasi“_(1583—1783)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>„Birinchi Britan Imperiyasi“ (1583—1783)</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-„Birinchi_Britan_Imperiyasi“_(1583—1783)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle „Birinchi Britan Imperiyasi“ (1583—1783) subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-„Birinchi_Britan_Imperiyasi“_(1583—1783)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Amerikadagi_birinchi_koloniyalar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Amerikadagi_birinchi_koloniyalar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Amerikadagi birinchi koloniyalar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Amerikadagi_birinchi_koloniyalar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Amerika,_Afrika_va_qul_savdosi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Amerika,_Afrika_va_qul_savdosi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Amerika, Afrika va qul savdosi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Amerika,_Afrika_va_qul_savdosi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gollandiya_bilan_Osiyodagi_raqobat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gollandiya_bilan_Osiyodagi_raqobat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Gollandiya bilan Osiyodagi raqobat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gollandiya_bilan_Osiyodagi_raqobat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fransiya_bilan_dunyo_miqyosidagi_kurash" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fransiya_bilan_dunyo_miqyosidagi_kurash"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Fransiya bilan dunyo miqyosidagi kurash</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fransiya_bilan_dunyo_miqyosidagi_kurash-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-„Ikkinchi_Britaniya_Imperiyasining“_tuzilishi_(1783—1815)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#„Ikkinchi_Britaniya_Imperiyasining“_tuzilishi_(1783—1815)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>„Ikkinchi Britaniya Imperiyasining“ tuzilishi (1783—1815)</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-„Ikkinchi_Britaniya_Imperiyasining“_tuzilishi_(1783—1815)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle „Ikkinchi Britaniya Imperiyasining“ tuzilishi (1783—1815) subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-„Ikkinchi_Britaniya_Imperiyasining“_tuzilishi_(1783—1815)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Oʻn_uch_amerika_koloniyalarining_yoʻqotilishi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oʻn_uch_amerika_koloniyalarining_yoʻqotilishi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Oʻn uch amerika koloniyalarining yoʻqotilishi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oʻn_uch_amerika_koloniyalarining_yoʻqotilishi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ost_Indiya_kompaniyasining_Hindistonda_hukmronligi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ost_Indiya_kompaniyasining_Hindistonda_hukmronligi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Ost Indiya kompaniyasining Hindistonda hukmronligi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ost_Indiya_kompaniyasining_Hindistonda_hukmronligi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tinch_okeani_tadqiqotlari" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tinch_okeani_tadqiqotlari"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Tinch okeani tadqiqotlari</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tinch_okeani_tadqiqotlari-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Napoleon_Fransiyasi_bilan_urushlar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Napoleon_Fransiyasi_bilan_urushlar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Napoleon Fransiyasi bilan urushlar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Napoleon_Fransiyasi_bilan_urushlar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Qulchilikning_bekor_etilishi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Qulchilikning_bekor_etilishi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Qulchilikning bekor etilishi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Qulchilikning_bekor_etilishi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1815-1914-yillardagi_imperiya_yuz_yilligi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1815-1914-yillardagi_imperiya_yuz_yilligi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>1815-1914-yillardagi imperiya yuz yilligi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-1815-1914-yillardagi_imperiya_yuz_yilligi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle 1815-1914-yillardagi imperiya yuz yilligi subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-1815-1914-yillardagi_imperiya_yuz_yilligi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Osiyo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Osiyo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Osiyo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Osiyo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rossiya_bilan_raqobat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rossiya_bilan_raqobat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Rossiya bilan raqobat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rossiya_bilan_raqobat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Keyptaundan_Qohiragacha_Afrika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Keyptaundan_Qohiragacha_Afrika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Keyptaundan Qohiragacha Afrika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Keyptaundan_Qohiragacha_Afrika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jahon_urushlari_(1914-1945)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jahon_urushlari_(1914-1945)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Jahon urushlari (1914-1945)</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Jahon_urushlari_(1914-1945)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Jahon urushlari (1914-1945) subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Jahon_urushlari_(1914-1945)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Birinchi_jahon_urushi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Birinchi_jahon_urushi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Birinchi jahon urushi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Birinchi_jahon_urushi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Urushlar_orasidagi_davr" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Urushlar_orasidagi_davr"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Urushlar orasidagi davr</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Urushlar_orasidagi_davr-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-II_Jahon_Urushi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#II_Jahon_Urushi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>II Jahon Urushi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-II_Jahon_Urushi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dekolonizatsiya_va_„Ikkinchi_imperiyaning_qulashi“_(1945—1997)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dekolonizatsiya_va_„Ikkinchi_imperiyaning_qulashi“_(1945—1997)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Dekolonizatsiya va „Ikkinchi imperiyaning qulashi“ (1945—1997)</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Dekolonizatsiya_va_„Ikkinchi_imperiyaning_qulashi“_(1945—1997)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Dekolonizatsiya va „Ikkinchi imperiyaning qulashi“ (1945—1997) subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Dekolonizatsiya_va_„Ikkinchi_imperiyaning_qulashi“_(1945—1997)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mustaqillikning_boshlanishi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mustaqillikning_boshlanishi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Mustaqillikning boshlanishi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mustaqillikning_boshlanishi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Suvaysh_inqirozi_va_uning_natijalari" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suvaysh_inqirozi_va_uning_natijalari"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Suvaysh inqirozi va uning natijalari</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suvaysh_inqirozi_va_uning_natijalari-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oʻzgarishlar_shamoli" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oʻzgarishlar_shamoli"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Oʻzgarishlar shamoli</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oʻzgarishlar_shamoli-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Imperiyaning_tugallanishi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Imperiyaning_tugallanishi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Imperiyaning tugallanishi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Imperiyaning_tugallanishi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Britaniya_Imperiyasidan_qolgan_natijalar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Britaniya_Imperiyasidan_qolgan_natijalar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Britaniya Imperiyasidan qolgan natijalar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Britaniya_Imperiyasidan_qolgan_natijalar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Yana_qarang" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yana_qarang"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Yana qarang</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yana_qarang-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Manbalar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manbalar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Manbalar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manbalar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adabiyotlar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adabiyotlar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Adabiyotlar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adabiyotlar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Havolalar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Havolalar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Havolalar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Havolalar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Mundarija" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Britaniya imperiyasi</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Boshqa tildagi maqolaga oʻting. 141 ta tilda mavjud" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-141" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">141 ta til</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britse_Ryk" title="Britse Ryk – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Britse Ryk" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britisches_Weltreich" title="Britisches Weltreich – nemis (Shveytsariya)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Britisches Weltreich" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="nemis (Shveytsariya)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%A8%E1%89%A5%E1%88%AA%E1%89%B3%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%AB_%E1%88%98%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%8D%E1%88%A5%E1%89%B5" title="የብሪታንያ መንግሥት – amxar" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="የብሪታንያ መንግሥት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amxar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperio_Britanico" title="Imperio Britanico – aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Imperio Britanico" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryttisce_R%C4%ABce" title="Bryttisce Rīce – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Bryttisce Rīce" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="الإمبراطورية البريطانية – arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الإمبراطورية البريطانية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperiu_brit%C3%A1nicu" title="Imperiu británicu – asturiy" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Imperiu británicu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8A%D1%83%D0%BB_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Британиялъул империя – avar" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Британиялъул империя" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="Tanlangan maqolalar"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britaniya_imperiyas%C4%B1" title="Britaniya imperiyası – ozarbayjon" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Britaniya imperiyası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="ozarbayjon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%88%D8%BA%D9%88" title="بریتانیا ایمپیراتورلوغو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بریتانیا ایمپیراتورلوغو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="yaxshi maqola"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Британия империяһы – boshqird" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Британия империяһы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="boshqird" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C4%97tu_imper%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Brėtu imperėjė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Brėtu imperėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperyong_Britaniko" title="Imperyong Britaniko – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Imperyong Britaniko" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Брытанская імперыя – belarus" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Брытанская імперыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Брытанская імпэрыя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Брытанская імпэрыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Британска империя – bolgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Британска империя" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bolgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="ब्रिटिश साम्राज्य – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="ब्रिटिश साम्राज्य" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%97%E1%80%AD%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%9E%E1%80%BB%E1%80%A1%E1%80%89%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%AB%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC" title="ဗိတိသျအဉ်ပါယာ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ဗိတိသျအဉ်ပါယာ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF" title="ব্রিটিশ সাম্রাজ্য – bengal" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ব্রিটিশ সাম্রাজ্য" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impalaeriezh_Breizh-Veur" title="Impalaeriezh Breizh-Veur – breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Impalaeriezh Breizh-Veur" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britansko_Carstvo" title="Britansko Carstvo – bosniy" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Britansko Carstvo" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%8D%D0%B7%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8D_%D0%B3%D2%AF%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Британиин эзэнтэ гүрэн – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Британиин эзэнтэ гүрэн" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperi_Brit%C3%A0nic" title="Imperi Britànic – katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Imperi Britànic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Британийн импери – chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Британийн импери" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%86%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="ئیمپراتۆریەتیی بەریتانی – sorani-kurd" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئیمپراتۆریەتیی بەریتانی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani-kurd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britaniya_%C4%B0mperiyas%C4%B1" title="Britaniya İmperiyası – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Britaniya İmperiyası" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britsk%C3%A9_imp%C3%A9rium" title="Britské impérium – chex" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Britské impérium" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="chex" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%C4%95" title="Британи империйĕ – chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Британи империйĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yr_Ymerodraeth_Brydeinig" title="Yr Ymerodraeth Brydeinig – valliy" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Yr Ymerodraeth Brydeinig" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="valliy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="yaxshi maqola"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britiske_Imperium" title="Britiske Imperium – dan" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Britiske Imperium" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="Tanlangan maqolalar"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britisches_Weltreich" title="Britisches Weltreich – nemischa" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Britisches Weltreich" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="nemischa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="Tanlangan maqolalar"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CF%81%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%91%CF%85%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Βρετανική Αυτοκρατορία – grek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βρετανική Αυτοκρατορία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire – inglizcha" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="British Empire" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglizcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="yaxshi maqola"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brita_imperio" title="Brita imperio – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Brita imperio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperio_brit%C3%A1nico" title="Imperio británico – ispancha" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Imperio británico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ispancha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="yaxshi maqola"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Briti_impeerium" title="Briti impeerium – estoncha" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Briti impeerium" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoncha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britainiar_Inperioa" title="Britainiar Inperioa – bask" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Britainiar Inperioa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bask" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="امپراتوری بریتانیا – fors" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="امپراتوری بریتانیا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="fors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brittil%C3%A4inen_imperiumi" title="Brittiläinen imperiumi – fincha" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Brittiläinen imperiumi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fincha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Briti_impeerium" title="Briti impeerium – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Briti impeerium" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empire_britannique" title="Empire britannique – fransuzcha" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Empire britannique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransuzcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britisk_Weltrik" title="Britisk Weltrik – shimoliy friz" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Britisk Weltrik" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="shimoliy friz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britske_Ryk" title="Britske Ryk – g‘arbiy friz" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Britske Ryk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="g‘arbiy friz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impireacht_na_Breataine" title="Impireacht na Breataine – irland" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Impireacht na Breataine" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampir_britanik" title="Ampir britanik – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Ampir britanik" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Cmpireachd_Bhreatainn" title="Ìmpireachd Bhreatainn – shotland-gel" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Ìmpireachd Bhreatainn" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="shotland-gel" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperio_Brit%C3%A1nico" title="Imperio Británico – galisiy" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Imperio Británico" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisiy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vyret%C3%A1%C3%B1a_Mburuvi" title="Vyretáña Mburuvi – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Vyretáña Mburuvi" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Impiraght_Ghoaldagh" title="Yn Impiraght Ghoaldagh – men" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Impiraght Ghoaldagh" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="men" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daular_Biritaniya" title="Daular Biritaniya – xausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Daular Biritaniya" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="xausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thai-y%C3%AEn_Ti-koet" title="Thai-yîn Ti-koet – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Thai-yîn Ti-koet" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%98%D7%99%D7%AA" title="האימפריה הבריטית – ivrit" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="האימפריה הבריטית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ivrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="ब्रिटिश साम्राज्य – hind" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ब्रिटिश साम्राज्य" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hind" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Samrajya" title="British Samrajya – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="British Samrajya" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britansko_Carstvo" title="Britansko Carstvo – xorvat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Britansko Carstvo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="xorvat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="Tanlangan maqolalar"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brit_Birodalom" title="Brit Birodalom – venger" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Brit Birodalom" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="venger" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="Tanlangan maqolalar"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%BD%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Բրիտանական կայսրություն – arman" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բրիտանական կայսրություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperio_Britannic" title="Imperio Britannic – interlingva" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Imperio Britannic" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="Tanlangan maqolalar"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperium_Britania_Raya" title="Imperium Britania Raya – indonez" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Imperium Britania Raya" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonez" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperio_a_Britaniko" title="Imperio a Britaniko – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Imperio a Britaniko" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britanian_imperio" title="Britanian imperio – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Britanian imperio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breska_heimsveldi%C3%B0" title="Breska heimsveldið – island" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Breska heimsveldið" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="island" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impero_britannico" title="Impero britannico – italyan" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Impero britannico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italyan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AE%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="イギリス帝国 – yapon" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イギリス帝国" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="yapon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Empaya" title="British Empaya – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="British Empaya" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperium_Britania" title="Imperium Britania – yavan" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Imperium Britania" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="yavan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ბრიტანეთის იმპერია – gruzincha" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბრიტანეთის იმპერია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzincha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Британ империясы – qozoqcha" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Британ империясы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="qozoqcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF" title="ಬ್ರಿಟೀಷ್ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಬ್ರಿಟೀಷ್ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8C%80%EC%98%81_%EC%A0%9C%EA%B5%AD" title="대영 제국 – koreyscha" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="대영 제국" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreyscha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="Tanlangan maqolalar"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Британ империя – qorachoy-bolqor" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Британ империя" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="qorachoy-bolqor" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Emperatoriya_Br%C3%AEtan%C3%AE" title="Împeratoriya Brîtanî – kurdcha" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Împeratoriya Brîtanî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperoureth_Breten_Veur" title="Emperoureth Breten Veur – korn" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Emperoureth Breten Veur" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="korn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Британ империясы – qirgʻizcha" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Британ империясы" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="qirgʻizcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperium_Britannicum" title="Imperium Britannicum – lotincha" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Imperium Britannicum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="lotincha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Британиядин империя – lezgin" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Британиядин империя" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezgin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impero_Brites" title="Impero Brites – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Impero Brites" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%94" title="ອານາຈັກອັງກິດ – laos" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ອານາຈັກອັງກິດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brit%C5%B3_imperija" title="Britų imperija – litva" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Britų imperija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britu_imp%C4%93rija" title="Britu impērija – latishcha" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Britu impērija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latishcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperium_Baritania" title="Imperium Baritania – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Imperium Baritania" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Британска Империја – makedon" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Британска Империја" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="ബ്രിട്ടീഷ് സാമ്രാജ്യം – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബ്രിട്ടീഷ് സാമ്രാജ്യം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%8D%D0%B7%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%B3%D2%AF%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Британийн эзэнт гүрэн – mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Британийн эзэнт гүрэн" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="ब्रिटिश साम्राज्य – maratxi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ब्रिटिश साम्राज्य" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="maratxi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empayar_British" title="Empayar British – malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Empayar British" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperu_Brittaniku" title="Imperu Brittaniku – maltiy" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Imperu Brittaniku" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltiy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amp%C3%A9rio_Brit%C3%A1nico" title="Ampério Británico – miranda" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Ampério Británico" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="miranda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%97%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%9E%E1%80%BB%E1%80%BE%E1%80%A1%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%AB%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC" title="ဗြိတိသျှအင်ပါယာ – birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဗြိတိသျှအင်ပါယာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britsch_Weltriek" title="Britsch Weltriek – quyi nemis" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Britsch Weltriek" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="quyi nemis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="ब्रिटिस साम्राज्य – nepal" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="ब्रिटिस साम्राज्य" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="बेलायती साम्राज्य – nevar" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="बेलायती साम्राज्य" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="nevar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britse_Rijk" title="Britse Rijk – niderland" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Britse Rijk" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="niderland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_britiske_imperiet" title="Det britiske imperiet – norveg-nyunorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Det britiske imperiet" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norveg-nyunorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_britiske_imperiet" title="Det britiske imperiet – norveg-bokmal" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Det britiske imperiet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norveg-bokmal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Britanic" title="Empèri Britanic – oksitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Empèri Britanic" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%8B_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Британийы импери – osetin" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Британийы импери" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C" title="ਬਰਤਾਨਵੀ ਸਾਮਰਾਜ – panjobcha" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬਰਤਾਨਵੀ ਸਾਮਰਾਜ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjobcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="yaxshi maqola"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperium_brytyjskie" title="Imperium brytyjskie – polyakcha" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Imperium brytyjskie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polyakcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="سلطنت برطانیا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سلطنت برطانیا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%8A%D8%8C_%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="د بریتانیا سترواکي، امپراتوري – pushtu" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د بریتانیا سترواکي، امپراتوري" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pushtu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imp%C3%A9rio_Brit%C3%A2nico" title="Império Britânico – portugalcha" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Império Britânico" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperiul_Britanic" title="Imperiul Britanic – rumincha" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Imperiul Britanic" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumincha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Британская империя – ruscha" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Британская империя" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruscha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Брітаньска імперія – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Брітаньска імперія" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Британия Империята – saxa" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Британия Империята" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="saxa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imp%C3%A8riu_Brit%C3%A0nnicu" title="Impèriu Britànnicu – sardin" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Impèriu Britànnicu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breetish_Empire" title="Breetish Empire – shotland" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Breetish Empire" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="shotland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="سلطنت برطانيا – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="سلطنت برطانيا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britansko_Carstvo" title="Britansko Carstvo – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Britansko Carstvo" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA_%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%B0%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%BA" title="බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය අධිරාජ්‍යය – singal" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය අධිරාජ්‍යය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="British Empire" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britsk%C3%A9_imp%C3%A9rium" title="Britské impérium – slovakcha" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Britské impérium" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britanski_imperij" title="Britanski imperij – slovencha" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Britanski imperij" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovencha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perandoria_Britanike" title="Perandoria Britanike – alban" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Perandoria Britanike" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="alban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Британска империја – serbcha" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Британска империја" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brittiska_imperiet" title="Brittiska imperiet – shved" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Brittiska imperiet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="shved" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milki_ya_Uingereza" title="Milki ya Uingereza – suaxili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Milki ya Uingereza" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suaxili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="பிரித்தானியப் பேரரசு – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பிரித்தானியப் பேரரசு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B7%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="బ్రిటిష్ సామ్రాజ్యం – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="బ్రిటిష్ సామ్రాజ్యం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%B8_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%91" title="Империяи Бритониё – tojik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Империяи Бритониё" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tojik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="Tanlangan maqolalar"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A" title="จักรวรรดิบริติช – tay" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จักรวรรดิบริติช" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britan_imperi%C3%BDasy" title="Britan imperiýasy – turkman" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Britan imperiýasy" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperyong_Britaniko" title="Imperyong Britaniko – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Imperyong Britaniko" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britanya_%C4%B0mparatorlu%C4%9Fu" title="Britanya İmparatorluğu – turk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Britanya İmparatorluğu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Британия империясе – tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Британия империясе" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%89%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95_%D8%A6%D9%89%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%90%D8%B1%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95%D8%B3%D9%89" title="برىتانىيە ئىمپېرىيەسى – uyg‘ur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="برىتانىيە ئىمپېرىيەسى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uyg‘ur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Британська імперія – ukrain" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Британська імперія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%DB%81" title="سلطنت برطانیہ – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سلطنت برطانیہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inpero_brit%C3%A0nego" title="Inpero britànego – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Inpero britànego" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britanine_imperii" title="Britanine imperii – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Britanine imperii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="Tanlangan maqolalar"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%BF_qu%E1%BB%91c_Anh" title="Đế quốc Anh – vyetnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đế quốc Anh" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vyetnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperyo_Britaniko" title="Imperyo Britaniko – varay" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Imperyo Britaniko" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%8B%B1%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="大英帝國 – vu xitoy" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="大英帝國" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="vu xitoy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/UbuKumkani_bamaBritane" title="UbuKumkani bamaBritane – kxosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="UbuKumkani bamaBritane" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="kxosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ბრიტანეთიშ იმპერია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ბრიტანეთიშ იმპერია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A2_%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A2" title="בריטישע אימפעריע – idish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="בריטישע אימפעריע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="idish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Il%E1%BA%B9%CC%80_%E1%BB%8Dbal%C3%BAay%C3%A9_Br%C3%ADt%C3%A1n%C3%AC%C3%AC" title="Ilẹ̀ ọbalúayé Brítánìì – yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ilẹ̀ ọbalúayé Brítánìì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%8B%B1%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="大英帝国 – xitoy" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="大英帝国" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="xitoy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%81i-eng_T%C3%A8-kok" title="Tāi-eng Tè-kok – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tāi-eng Tè-kok" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / 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background:#EAEAEA"> <table width="100%" style="text-align:center; margin:0 auto; background:none"> <tbody><tr> <td width="50px" style="border:0; vertical-align:middle; font-size:30%; line-height:100%"><a href="/wiki/Angliya" title="Angliya"><span style="font-size:400%">←</span></a> <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Flag_of_England.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/30px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/45px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/60px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span><br /> <br /><a href="/wiki/Shotlandiya" title="Shotlandiya"><span style="font-size:400%">←</span></a> <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Flag_of_Scotland.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/45px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/60px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br /> <br /><a href="/wiki/Uels" title="Uels"><span style="font-size:400%">←</span></a> <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Flag_of_Wales.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/30px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/45px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/60px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span><br /> <br /><a href="/wiki/Irlandiya" title="Irlandiya"><span style="font-size:400%">←</span></a> <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Flag_of_Lordship_of_Ireland.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Lordship_of_Ireland.png/30px-Flag_of_Lordship_of_Ireland.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Lordship_of_Ireland.png/45px-Flag_of_Lordship_of_Ireland.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Lordship_of_Ireland.png/60px-Flag_of_Lordship_of_Ireland.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span><br /> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; font-size:118%; border:0">1497 — 1949 (1997) <p><br /> </p> </td> <td width="50px" style="border:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right; line-height:100%; font-size:30%"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_(3-5).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Birlashgan_Qirollik" title="Birlashgan Qirollik"><span style="font-size:400%">→</span></a><br /> <br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Flag_of_Ireland.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/60px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Irlandiya" title="Irlandiya"><span style="font-size:400%">→</span></a><br />  <br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Flag_of_None.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Flag_of_None.svg/30px-Flag_of_None.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Flag_of_None.svg/45px-Flag_of_None.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Flag_of_None.svg/60px-Flag_of_None.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="225" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Britan_davlatlari_hamdo%CA%BBstligi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Britan davlatlari hamdoʻstligi (sahifa yaratilmagan)"><span style="font-size:400%">→</span></a><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </th></tr> <tr style="background:#f9f9f9" align="center"> <td align="center" colspan="2"> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="padding:0.5em 0em 0.5em 0em; background-color:#f9f9f9"> <tbody><tr> <td width="*"> </td> <td align="center" valign="middle" width="50%" style="padding-left:1em; padding-top:1em; vertical-align: middle"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_(3-5).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/120px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/180px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/240px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center" width="50%" style="padding-top:0em; vertical-align: middle"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1901-1952).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281901-1952%29.svg/80px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281901-1952%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281901-1952%29.svg/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281901-1952%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281901-1952%29.svg/160px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281901-1952%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1495" data-file-height="1482" /></a></span> </td> <td width="140"> </td></tr> <tr> <td width="140"> </td> <td align="center" width="50%" style="line-height:1.2em; text-align: center;">Britaniya Imperiyasining bayrogʻi </td> <td align="center" width="50%" style="line-height:1.2em; text-align: center;«">Britaniya Imperiyasining gerbi </td> <td width="»*""> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="line-height:1.2em; padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em; border-top:0px; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; font-size:95%; background-color:#f9f9f9"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shior&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shior (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Shiori</a></b><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dieu_et_mon_droit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dieu et mon droit (sahifa yaratilmagan)">«Dieu et mon droit»</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/O%CA%BBzbek_tili" title="Oʻzbek tili">oʻzbekcha</a>: <i><span lang="uz">«Xudo va mening huquqlarim»</span></i>) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="border: solid darkgray; border-width:1px 0px" colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:BritishEmpire1919.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/BritishEmpire1919.png/260px-BritishEmpire1919.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/BritishEmpire1919.png/390px-BritishEmpire1919.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/BritishEmpire1919.png/520px-BritishEmpire1919.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="728" /></a></span><br /><small>1919-yilga kelib Britaniya Imperiyasining hududlari</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td width="50%" style="padding-left:0.5em; border-top: solid 1px #aaa"><b><a href="/wiki/Poytaxt" title="Poytaxt">Poytaxti</a></b> </td> <td style="border-top: solid 1px #aaa"><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td width="50%" style="padding-left:0.5em; border-top: solid 1px #aaa"><b>Yirik shaharlari</b> </td> <td style="border-top: solid 1px #aaa"><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dehli" title="Dehli">Dehli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sidney" title="Sidney">Sidney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monreal" title="Monreal">Monreal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left:0.5em; border-top: solid 1px #aaa"><b>Til(lar)i</b> </td> <td style="border-top: solid 1px #aaa"><a href="/wiki/Ingliz_tili" title="Ingliz tili">Ingliz</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td width="50%" style="padding-left:0.5em; border-top: solid 1px #aaa"><b>Pul birligi</b> </td> <td style="border-top: solid 1px #aaa"><a href="/wiki/Funt_sterling" title="Funt sterling">Funt sterling</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left:0.5em; border-top: solid 1px #aaa"><b>Maydoni</b> </td> <td style="border-top: solid 1px #aaa">34 650 407 km² (1922) </td></tr> <tr> <td width="50%" style="padding-left:0.5em; border-top: solid 1px #aaa"><b>Aholisi</b> </td> <td style="border-top: solid 1px #aaa">458 000 000 kishi <br /> (1922-yilgi Yer shari aholisining 24%) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left:0.5em; border-top: solid 1px #aaa"><b>Boshqaruv shakli</b> </td> <td style="border-top: solid 1px #aaa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konstitutsion_monarxiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konstitutsion monarxiya (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Konstitutsion monarxiya</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left:0.5em; border-top: solid 1px #aaa" colspan="2"><b>Monarx</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="line-height:1.2em; padding-left:0.5em"> -  </td> <td style="line-height:1.2em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buyuk_Britaniya_monarxlari_ro%CA%BByxati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buyuk Britaniya monarxlari roʻyxati (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Buyuk Britaniya monarxlari roʻyxati</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; border:0"> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Britaniya imperiyasi</b> (<a href="/wiki/Ingliz_tili" title="Ingliz tili">inglizcha</a>: <i><span lang="en">British Empire</span></i>) — <a href="/wiki/Odam" title="Odam">odam</a> yashaydigan barcha <a href="/wiki/Qit%CA%BCa" title="Qitʼa">qitʼa</a>larda koloniyalari mavjud boʻlgan insoniyat tarixidagi eng yirik davlat<sup id="cite_ref-nferguson_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nferguson-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. XX asrning 30-yillariga kelib Britaniya imperiyasi yer sharining qariyb toʻrtdan birini, yaʼni 41,2 mln. km² (shundan 8 millioni aholi yashamaydigan yerlar) egallagan. Imperiyaning hech boʻlmagan bitta koloniyasida quyosh nur sochib turganligi sababli Britaniya imperiyasini „Quyosh botmaydigan imperiya“ deb atashgan. Imperiya aholisining soni esa 480 mln. kishiga, yaʼni oʻsha paytdagi <a href="/wiki/Yer" title="Yer">yer shari</a> aholisining chorak qismiga teng boʻlgan. Aynan <a href="/wiki/Pax_Britannica" title="Pax Britannica">Pax Britannica</a> (Paks Britanika) natijasi sababli <a href="/wiki/Ingliz_tili" title="Ingliz tili">ingliz tili</a> transport va savdo sohasidagi boshqa tillar orasida yetakchi til hisoblanadi. </p><p>Britaniya imperiyasi Buyuk Britaniya va unga qaram boʻlgan mustamlakalarni ifodalaydigan tushuncha boʻlib, u 1870-yillardan boshlab rasman qoʻllana boshladi. Britaniya imperiyasi tarkibiga Britaniya bilan birgalikda hamma dominionlari va mustamlakalari — <a href="/wiki/Irlandiya" title="Irlandiya">Irlandiya</a> (XII asrlar), <a href="/wiki/Shimoliy_Amerika" title="Shimoliy Amerika">Shimoliy Amerika</a> (<a href="/wiki/Virginiya" title="Virginiya">Virginiya</a>) (1607), <a href="/wiki/Gollandiya" class="mw-disambig" title="Gollandiya">Gollandiya</a> va Shimoliy Amerikadagi boshqa hududlar (1652-54; 1665-67 va 1672-74), <a href="/wiki/Portugaliya" title="Portugaliya">Portugaliya</a> va uning mustamlakalari (XVII asr oʻrtalari), <a href="/wiki/Ispaniya" title="Ispaniya">Ispaniya</a> mustamlakalari, <a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanada</a>, Shimoliy Amerikaning qolgan qismi (1756—63), <a href="/wiki/Bengaliya" title="Bengaliya">Bengaliya</a> (1757), <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seylon" title="Seylon">Seylon</a> (1814—15), <a href="/wiki/Hindiston" title="Hindiston">Hindiston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Avstraliya" title="Avstraliya">Avstraliya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yangi_Zelandiya" title="Yangi Zelandiya">Yangi Zelandiya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Janubiy_Afrika" class="mw-redirect" title="Janubiy Afrika">Janubiy Afrika</a> (XIX asr 1-yarmi), <a href="/wiki/Syangan" class="mw-redirect" title="Syangan">Syangan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gonkong" title="Gonkong">Gonkong</a>) oroli (XIX asr 2-yarmi), <a href="/wiki/Kipr" class="mw-disambig" title="Kipr">Kipr</a> (1878), <a href="/wiki/Birma" class="mw-redirect" title="Birma">Birma</a> (1885), <a href="/wiki/Iroq" title="Iroq">Iroq</a>, <a href="/wiki/Falastin" title="Falastin">Falastin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Transiordaniya" title="Transiordaniya">Transiordaniya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tanganika" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanganika">Tanganika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a> va <a href="/wiki/Kamerun" title="Kamerun">Kamerunning</a> bir qismi (1914—18) va boshqalar kirgan edi. XX asrda mustamlaka tizimining parchalanishi jarayonida Britaniya imperiyasi oʻrnida imperiyadan ajralib chiqqan mamlakatlar ittifoqi — <a href="/w/index.php?title=Britaniya_millatlar_hamdo%CA%BBstligi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Britaniya millatlar hamdoʻstligi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Britaniya millatlar hamdoʻstligi</a> tushunchasi paydo boʻldi (qarang <a href="/wiki/Hamdo%CA%BBstlik" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamdoʻstlik">Hamdoʻstlik</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Qisqacha">Qisqacha</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Britaniya_imperiyasi&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Qisqacha" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Britaniya_imperiyasi&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Qisqacha"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Britaniya Imperiyasi ikki yuz yildan ortiqroq vaqt davomida oʻsdi. Davlat maydoni oʻsishining eng avji deb XX asrning boshlari tan olinadi. Oʻsha paytlarda uning barcha qitʼalarda yirik hududlarga egaligi uning haqiqiy buyukligini koʻrsatgan. </p><p>Hududlar egallanishi davri nisbatan tinch boʻlgan <a href="/wiki/Savdo" title="Savdo">savdo</a> va <a href="/wiki/Diplomatiya" title="Diplomatiya">diplomatiya</a> bilan boshlangan. Imperiya butun dunyoga britan texnologiyalari, savdo, <a href="/wiki/Ingliz_tili" title="Ingliz tili">ingliz tili</a> va hukumat turi tarqalishiga sababchi boʻlgan. Imperiya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hukmronlik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hukmronlik (sahifa yaratilmagan)">hukmronligi</a> imperiya iqtisodiyotining oʻsishi va <a href="/wiki/Birlashgan_Qirollik" title="Birlashgan Qirollik">Birlashgan Qirollikning</a> koʻplab davlatlar siyosatiga taʼsir koʻrsatishida muhim rol oʻynagan. Koloniyalar tuzilishidan maʼlumki, Britaniya Imperiyasining taʼsiri ikki xil qiyofaga ega boʻlgan. Koloniyalarga Buyuk Britaniyaga mos boʻlgan ingliz tili, maʼmuriy va huquqiy qonunlar kiritilgan. Birlashgan Qirollikning <a href="/wiki/Dekolonizatsiya" title="Dekolonizatsiya">dekolonizatsiyasi</a> davomida sobiq koloniyalarga parlament <a href="/wiki/Demokratiya" title="Demokratiya">demokratiyasi</a> va oliy qonunlar olib kirilishga harakat qilingan, ammo, baʼzan bu amalga oshgan, baʼzan esa yoʻq. Koʻplab koloniyalar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Britan_davlatlari_hamdo%CA%BBstligi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Britan davlatlari hamdoʻstligi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Britan davlatlari hamdoʻstligi</a> ularga imperiya oʻrnini psixologik tarzda egallaydi deb hisoblashgan. </p><p>Britan koloniyalaridan asosan Birlashgan Qirollikning moddiy maqsadlari yoʻlida foydalanilgan. Britan fuqarolari koʻchib borgan koloniyalarda mustaqil iqtisodiyot uchun <a href="/wiki/Infratuzilma" title="Infratuzilma">infratuzilma</a> yaratilgan boʻlsa-da, <a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrika</a> va <a href="/wiki/Osiyo" title="Osiyo">Osiyoning</a> tropik hududlarida joylashgan koloniyalar ularga asosan xomashyo bazalari sifatida qaralganligi sababli cheklangan infratuzilmaga ega boʻlishgan. Hozirgi kunda koʻplab rivojlanayotgan davlatlar iqtisodiyoti xomashyo eksportiga qaram boʻlib qolgan. </p><p>Koloniyalardagi turli <a href="/wiki/Etnik_guruh" title="Etnik guruh">etnik guruhlar</a> orasidagi muammolar boshqa davlatlarning koloniyaga asoslangan hukmronligidan saqlab turganligi britan koloniyaga oid qonunchiligining asosiy ustuni boʻlgan. Hozirgi kunda <a href="/wiki/Shimoliy_Irlandiya" title="Shimoliy Irlandiya">Shimoliy Irlandiya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hindiston" title="Hindiston">Hindiston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zimbabve" title="Zimbabve">Zimbabve</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iroq" title="Iroq">Iroq</a> va boshqa davlatlardagi etnik muammolarning sababchisi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bo%CA%BBlib_tashlab,_hukmronlik_qil_siyosati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boʻlib tashlab, hukmronlik qil siyosati (sahifa yaratilmagan)">„Boʻlib tashlab hukmronlik qil“</a> klassik prinsipi sanaladi. 1952-1957-yillarda <a href="/wiki/Keniya" title="Keniya">Keniyada</a> kichik qoʻzgʻolondan boshlanib, soʻng yirik qabilalarning qonli urushiga aylangan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mau-maular&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mau-maular (sahifa yaratilmagan)">mau-maular</a> qoʻzgʻoloni bunga oddiy misol boʻla oladi. Har bir qabila 18000dan 30000gacha odam yoʻqotgan bir vaqtda, jami 22ta oq halok boʻladi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Yevropadagi_mulklar_(erta_bosqich)"><span id="Yevropadagi_mulklar_.28erta_bosqich.29"></span>Yevropadagi mulklar (erta bosqich)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Britaniya_imperiyasi&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Yevropadagi mulklar (erta bosqich)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Britaniya_imperiyasi&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Yevropadagi mulklar (erta bosqich)"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="rellink boilerplate seealso">Asosiy maqola: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Angliya_tarixi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angliya tarixi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Angliya tarixi</a></div> <p>Orol-davlat hisoblanishiga qaramasdan <a href="/wiki/O%CA%BBrta_asrlar" class="mw-redirect" title="Oʻrta asrlar">oʻrta asrlarda</a> Angliya qitʼadan kelgan koʻplab hujumlarga nishon boʻlgan, buning sababi esa unda XVI asrgacha harbiy dengiz flotining yoʻqligi edi. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Angllar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angllar (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Angllar</a> va <a href="/wiki/Sakslar" title="Sakslar">sakslar</a> Britan orollariga Germaniyadan kelishgan. Ularning harbiy otryadlarini bu yerga <a href="/wiki/Rim_imperiyasi" title="Rim imperiyasi">Rim imperiyasidan</a> mustaqillikka erishib, oʻz qirolliklarini tuzgan mahalliy <a href="/wiki/Brittlar" title="Brittlar">britan</a> hukmdorlari chaqirishgan. 1066-yilda <a href="/wiki/Normannlar" title="Normannlar">fransuz normannlari</a> tomonidan yana bir Angliyaning egallanishi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Normannlarning_Angliya_istilosi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Normannlarning Angliya istilosi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">amalga oshirildi</a>, shundan soʻng normannlar yetakchisi gersog <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vilgelm_I_Istilochi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vilgelm I Istilochi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Vilgelm I Istilochi</a> yangi sulolaga asos solib, angl-sakslarning yerlarini fransuz baronlariga boʻlib berdi. Angl-sakslar va brittlarning yerlari bilan cheklanmagan Vilgelmning davomchilari 1282-yilda oʻz qirolliklariga <a href="/wiki/Uels" title="Uels">Uelsni</a> qoʻshib olishdi, 1169-yilda esa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlandiyaning_Angliya_tomonidan_kolonizatsiyalanishi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irlandiyaning Angliya tomonidan kolonizatsiyalanishi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Irlandiyani kolonizatsiyalashni</a> boshlashdi<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. XVIII asrda Shotlandiya Angliyaga teng huquqli davlat sifatida qoʻshildi. Ingliz qirollari <a href="/wiki/Yuz_yillik_urush" title="Yuz yillik urush">Yuz yillik urush</a> davomida magʻlubiyatga uchrab Fransiyadagi hududlardan ayrilishlarigacha qitʼada Fransiyaning yarmiga egalik qilib, fransuz taxtiga da'vogar boʻlishgan. Fransiyaning kuchayishi ingliz zodagonlari orasidagi boʻlinish paytiga toʻgʻri keldi. Buning natijasida Angliyada <a href="/w/index.php?title=Qizil_va_Oq_atirgul_urushi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qizil va Oq atirgul urushi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Qizil va Oq atirgul urushi</a> roʻy berdi va <a href="/wiki/Tyudorlar" title="Tyudorlar">Tyudorlar</a> sulolasi asoschisi Genrix VII tomonidan yangi istiloga uchradi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="„Birinchi_Britan_Imperiyasi“_(1583—1783)"><span id=".E2.80.9EBirinchi_Britan_Imperiyasi.E2.80.9C_.281583.E2.80.941783.29"></span>„Birinchi Britan Imperiyasi“ (1583—1783)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Britaniya_imperiyasi&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: „Birinchi Britan Imperiyasi“ (1583—1783)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Britaniya_imperiyasi&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: „Birinchi Britan Imperiyasi“ (1583—1783)"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Amerikadagi_birinchi_koloniyalar">Amerikadagi birinchi koloniyalar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Britaniya_imperiyasi&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Amerikadagi birinchi koloniyalar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Britaniya_imperiyasi&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Amerikadagi birinchi koloniyalar"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Matthew-BristolHarbour-Aug2004.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Matthew-BristolHarbour-Aug2004.jpg/170px-Matthew-BristolHarbour-Aug2004.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Matthew-BristolHarbour-Aug2004.jpg/255px-Matthew-BristolHarbour-Aug2004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Matthew-BristolHarbour-Aug2004.jpg/340px-Matthew-BristolHarbour-Aug2004.jpg 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="764" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jon_Kabot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jon Kabot (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Jon Kabot</a> Amerikaga qarab suzgan kemaning nusxasi</figcaption></figure> <p>Kolumbning muvaffaqiyatli kashfiyotlaridan soʻng, 1496-yilda qirol Genrix VII <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jon_Kabot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jon Kabot (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Jon Kabotni</a> Osiyoga yangi savdo yoʻllarini topishga joʻnatadi<sup id="cite_ref-nferguson_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nferguson-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Xuddi Kolumbga oʻxshab, Kabot 1497-yilda <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nyufaundlend_(orol)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nyufaundlend (orol) (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Nyufaundlendga</a> yetib uni Osiyo qirgʻogʻi deb oʻylaydi va bu xabar bilan oʻz yurtiga qaytadi<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Afsuski, bir yildan keyingi sayohatdan uning kemasi qaytib kelmaydi<sup id="cite_ref-nferguson_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nferguson-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Shu bilan Yangi Dunyoga inglizlarning sayohatlari ancha paytga toʻxtaydi. XVI asrda Angliyani <a href="/wiki/Angliyadagi_Reformatsiya" title="Angliyadagi Reformatsiya">reformatsiya</a> zir titratadi, shu sababli ingliz-ispan munosabatlari keskinlashadi va bu oʻz navbatida <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anglo-Ispan_urushi_(1585-1604)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anglo-Ispan urushi (1585-1604) (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Anglo-Ispan urushiga</a> olib keladi. 1562-yilda britan hukumati janubiy dengizlarda qul sotish va qaroqchilik bilan omadli shugʻullanayotgan qaroqchilar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jon_Hokins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jon Hokins (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Jon Hokins</a> va <a href="/wiki/Francis_Drake" title="Francis Drake">Francis Drakega</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaperlar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaperlar (sahifa yaratilmagan)">kaperlik patentini</a> beradi. Natijada ularning dengizchilikdagi sanʼatlari britan harbiy dengiz flotini yaratishda xizmat qildi va ingliz tojiga xizmat qilgan koʻplab qaroqchilarga namuna boʻlib xizmat qildi<sup id="cite_ref-nferguson_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nferguson-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. 1578-yilda <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_I" title="Elizabeth I">Elizabeth I</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gilbert_Hemfri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gilbert Hemfri (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Gilbert Hemfriga</a> shunday kaperlik patentini taqdim qildi<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Oʻsha yiliyoq Gilbert <a href="/wiki/Shimoliy_Amerika" title="Shimoliy Amerika">Shimoliy Amerikada</a> koloniyalarga asos solish va qaroqchilik bilan shugʻullanish maqsadida <a href="/wiki/Vest-Indiya" title="Vest-Indiya">Vest-Indiyaga</a> yoʻl oladi, ammo, u Atlantikani kesib oʻtmasidanoq sayohat tugaydi. 1583-yilda Gilbert ikkinchi marta urinib, <a href="/wiki/Nyufaundlend" title="Nyufaundlend">Nyufaundlend</a> oroliga yetib borib, rasmiy ravishda oʻsha orol buhtasini ingliz <a href="/w/index.php?title=Buhtasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buhtasi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">buhtasi</a> deb eʼlon qiladi. Angliyaga qaytishda u vafot etadi va uning ishini oʻz patentini 1584-yilda olgan ukasi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Volter_Reli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Volter Reli (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Volter Reli</a> davom ettiradi. Bir yildan soʻng Reli hozirgi <a href="/wiki/Shimoliy_Karolina" title="Shimoliy Karolina">Shimoliy Karolina</a> qirgʻogʻida joylashgan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Roanok&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roanok (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Roanok</a> koloniyasini tuzadi, ammo tajribasizlik, ovqat yetishmovchiligi va ispanlar harakati tufayli koloniya inqirozga yuz tutadi<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Kelajakda inglizlar yana bir necha bor Shimoliy Amerikada koloniya tuzishga harakat qilishadi. Ular hattoki Shimoliy Amerikaning Tinch okeani qirgʻogʻida (<a href="/wiki/Francis_Drake" title="Francis Drake">Francis Drakening</a> yer shari boʻylab sayohati davomida) ham koloniya tuzishadi, lekin ularning barchasi halok boʻladi<sup id="cite_ref-ljames_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ljames-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Eliza1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Eliza1.JPG/150px-Eliza1.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Eliza1.JPG/225px-Eliza1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/Eliza1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="265" data-file-height="333" /></a><figcaption>Qirolicha Elizabeth I</figcaption></figure> <p>1588-yilda <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yengilmas_armada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yengilmas armada (sahifa yaratilmagan)">„Yengilmas armada“ning</a> magʻlubiyati tufayli Ispan imperiyasining qudrati sindirildi va u kelajakda Britaniya Imperiyasining ertasiga katta xavf tugʻdirmadi. </p><p>1603-yilda ingliz taxtiga Yakob I <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacob_I_(inqliz_qiroli)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacob I (inqliz qiroli) (sahifa yaratilmagan)">( Jacob I</a>) oʻtirdi va kelasi yili <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ispan_Imperiyasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ispan Imperiyasi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Ispaniya</a> bilan urush harakatlariga chek qoʻygan <a href="/w/index.php?title=London_kelishuvi_(1604)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="London kelishuvi (1604) (sahifa yaratilmagan)">London kelishuvi (1604)ni</a> imzoladi. Endi, asosiy raqib bilan tinchlik paytida inglizlarning asosiy eʼtiborlari dushman infratuzilmasiga hujum qilish oʻrniga, dengiz ortidagi oʻz koloniyalarini tuzishga qaratildi. Britaniya Imperiyasining tuzilishi nihoyat <a href="/wiki/Shimoliy_Amerika" title="Shimoliy Amerika">Shimoliy Amerika</a> va <a href="/wiki/Vest-Indiya" title="Vest-Indiya">Vest-Indiyada</a> ingliz koloniyalari va <a href="/wiki/Osiyo" title="Osiyo">Osiyo</a> bilan savdo qilish uchun bir necha kompaniyalarining tuzilishidan (shu jumladan, 1600-yilda tuzilgan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Britan_Ost_Indiya_kompaniyasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Britan Ost Indiya kompaniyasi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Ost Indiya kompaniyasi</a>dan soʻng amalga oshdi. Shu paytdan to <a href="/w/index.php?title=AQSh_mustaqillik_urushi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AQSh mustaqillik urushi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Amerikadagi mustaqillik urushida</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=O%CA%BBn_uch_koloniya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oʻn uch koloniya (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Oʻn uch koloniyaning</a> yoʻqotilishiga qadar, yaʼni, XVIII asr oxiriga qadar mavjud boʻlgan imperiyani „Birinchi Britaniya Imperiyasi“ deb atashadi<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Amerika,_Afrika_va_qul_savdosi"><span id="Amerika.2C_Afrika_va_qul_savdosi"></span>Amerika, Afrika va qul savdosi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Britaniya_imperiyasi&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Amerika, Afrika va qul savdosi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Britaniya_imperiyasi&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Amerika, Afrika va qul savdosi"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Britan_Vest-Indiyasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Britan Vest-Indiyasi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Britan Vest-Indiyasi</a> boshida eng muhim va eng foydali ingliz koloniyalaridan iborat boʻlgan. Lekin ular eng muhim koloniyalarga aylanishdan oldin bir necha bor inqirozga uchrashgan. Masalan, inglizlar ispanlarga oʻxshab oʻz koloniyalarida oltin topishga harakat qilishganligi sababli <a href="/wiki/Gayana" title="Gayana">Britan Gayanasida</a> koloniya tuzishga 1606-yilga qadar ikki yil davomida harakat qilishgan. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sent-Lyusiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sent-Lyusiya (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Sent-Lyusiya</a> (1605) va <a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenadadagi</a> (1609) koloniyalar tezda yoʻqolib ketishdi, lekin, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sent-Kits&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sent-Kits (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Sent-Kits</a> (1624), <a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a> (1627) va <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nevis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nevis (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Nevisdagi</a> (1628) koloniyalar muvaffaqiyatli boʻlishgan. Buning sababi esa portugallar <a href="/wiki/Braziliya" title="Braziliya">Braziliyada</a> omadli tarzda foydalanayotgan <a href="/wiki/Plantatsiya" title="Plantatsiya">shakarqamish oʻstirishdan</a> inglizlar ham foydalanishganligi hisoblanadi. Koloniyalarga golland qulfurushlari sotadigan <a href="/wiki/Qullik" title="Qullik">qullar mehnati</a> zarur edi va inglizlar shu qullardan foydalanishardi. Oʻz navbatida gollandlar esa koloniyalarda ishlab chiqarilgan shakarni olib Yevropada olibsotarlik qilishgan. Bu savdodan qolayotgan katta foydani faqat inglizlar qoʻlida qolishini kafolatlash uchun <a href="/w/index.php?title=Angliya_parlamenti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angliya parlamenti (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Ingliz Parlamenti</a> 1651-yilda ingliz koloniyalarida faqat ingliz kemalari savdo qilishi mumkinligini belgilaydigan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Navigatsion_akt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Navigatsion akt (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Navigatsion aktni</a> qabul qiladi. Bu esa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Birlashgan_Provinsiyalar_Respublikasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Birlashgan Provinsiyalar Respublikasi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Birlashgan Provinsiyalar Respublikasi</a> bilan muammolarning keskinlashuviga, urush sababli inglizlarning Amerikadagi oʻrinlari mustahkamlanishiga olib kelgan bir necha <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anglo-golland_urushlari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anglo-golland urushlari (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Anglo-golland urushlariga</a> sabab boʻldi. 1665-yilda Angliya Ispaniyaga tegishli boʻlgan <a href="/wiki/Yamayka" title="Yamayka">Yamayka</a> orolini egalladi, 1666-yilda esa <a href="/wiki/Bagam_orollari" title="Bagam orollari">Bagam orollarini</a> muvaffaqiyatli ravishda kolonizatsiyaladi<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:British_Colonies_in_North_America_c1750_v2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/British_Colonies_in_North_America_c1750_v2.png/220px-British_Colonies_in_North_America_c1750_v2.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/British_Colonies_in_North_America_c1750_v2.png 1.5x" data-file-width="303" data-file-height="215" /></a><figcaption>1750-yilda Shimoliy Amerikadagi Britan koloniyalari. 1: <a href="/wiki/Nyufaundlend" title="Nyufaundlend">Nyufaundlend</a>; 2: <a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Scottia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New Scottia (sahifa yaratilmagan)">New Scottia</a>; 3: <a href="/w/index.php?title=O%CA%BBn_uch_koloniya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oʻn uch koloniya (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Oʻn uch koloniya</a>; 4: <a href="/wiki/Bermud_orollari" title="Bermud orollari">Bermud orollari</a>; 5: <a href="/wiki/Bagam_orollari" title="Bagam orollari">Bagam orollari</a>; 6: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Britan_Gondurasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Britan Gondurasi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Britan Gondurasi</a>; 7: <a href="/wiki/Yamayka" title="Yamayka">Yamayka</a>; 8: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kichik_Antil_orollari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kichik Antil orollari (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Kichik Antil orollari</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Amerika qitʼasidagi birinchi doimiy britan koloniyasi 1607-yilda <a href="/wiki/Jamestown_(Virginia)" title="Jamestown (Virginia)">Jamestownda</a> tuzildi. U 1609-yilda <a href="/wiki/Bermud_orollari" title="Bermud orollari">Bermud orollarida</a> ham shunaqa koloniya tuzgan shaxsiy <a href="/w/index.php?title=London_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="London Company (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Virginia Company</a> tomonidan boshqarilardi. 1624-yilda kompaniya huquqlari muddati tugadi deb eʼlon qilinib, hukumat koloniyani boshqarishni oʻz zimmasiga oldi, shunday qilib, <a href="/wiki/Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="Virginia">Virginia</a> koloniyasiga asos solindi. Bu yerda shakar yetishtirilmasligiga qaramasdan, mahalliy koloniyachilar <a href="/wiki/Tamaki" title="Tamaki">tamaki</a> va boshqa qishloq xoʻjaligi mahsulotlarini yetishtirish orqali omadga erishdilar. 1610-yilda shunga oʻxshash kompaniya (London va Bristol Kompaniyasi) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nyufaundlend_(orol)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nyufaundlend (orol) (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Nyufaundlend orolida</a> koloniya tuzish maqsadida ochildi, ammo bu gʻoya muvaffaqiyatga erishmadi. 1620-yil <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plimut_koloniyasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plimut koloniyasi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Plimutda</a> diniy kamchilik boʻlgan <a href="/wiki/Puritanlar" title="Puritanlar">Puritanlar</a> tomonidan koloniya tuziladi. Bunga yana <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rim-katolik_cherkovi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rim-katolik cherkovi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">katoliklar</a> tomonidan tuzilgan <a href="/wiki/Merilend" class="mw-redirect" title="Merilend">Merilend</a> (1634), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kontregatsionalistlar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kontregatsionalistlar (sahifa yaratilmagan)">kontregatsionalistlar</a> tomonidan tuzilgan <a href="/wiki/Konnektikut" title="Konnektikut">Konnektikut</a> (1639) kabilarni misol keltirish mumkin, <a href="/wiki/Rod-Aylend" title="Rod-Aylend">Rod-Aylend</a> (1636) esa diniy bagʻrikenglik eʼlon qilingan Amerikadagi birinchi koloniya boʻldi. 1663-yilda <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karolina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karolina (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Karolina</a> tuzildi. 1664-yilda Angliya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ikkinchi_anglo-golland_urushi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ikkinchi anglo-golland urushi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Ikkinchi anglo-golland urushi</a> natijasida <a href="/wiki/Surinam" title="Surinam">Surinamni</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yangi_Amsterdam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yangi Amsterdam (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Yangi Amsterdamga</a> (keyinchalik nomi <a href="/wiki/Nyu_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Nyu York">Nyu Yorkga</a> oʻzgartirilgan) almashtiradi. 1681-yilda <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Penn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Penn (sahifa yaratilmagan)">William Penn</a> <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> koloniyasiga asos soladi. </p><p>Qitʼadagi koloniyalardan farqli ravishda Vest-Indiyadagi koloniyalar moddiy jihatdan ancha foydali boʻlsa-da, qitʼadagi koloniyalar qishloq xoʻjaligi uchun yaxshi sharoitlarga va moʻtadil iqlimga ega boʻlgani sababli koʻplab inglizlar koʻchib kelishgan. Qitʼadagi koloniyalarning oʻzi ham ikkiga boʻlingan: janubiy va shimoliy. Janubda koʻproq yirik qishloq xoʻjaliklari mavjud boʻlib, qullar xizmatidan foydalanilgan. Shimolda kichik fermerliklar, yogʻoch ishlovchi va kemasozlik sanoatlari rivojlangan. Shuningdek, hindular bilan savdo ham katta foyda bergan. Ulardan teri olinib, oʻrninga metall mahsulotlari va shakar qilinishdagi qoldiqlardan tayyorlanadigan <a href="/wiki/Rom_(ichimlik)" title="Rom (ichimlik)">romga</a> almashtirilgan. 1670-yilda <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_II_(ingliz_qiroli)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl II (ingliz qiroli) (sahifa yaratilmagan)">qirol Karl II</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hudson_Bay_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hudson Bay Company (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Hudson Bay Companyga</a> yirik <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rupert_yeri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rupert yeri (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Rupert yerida</a> (keyinchalik <a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanadaning</a> katta hududini tashkil etgan yer) teri bilan savdo qilishning monopol huquqini berdi. Kompaniya tomonidan qurilgan fortlar va savdo postlari keyinchalik shu yerga yaqin <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yangi_Fransiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yangi Fransiya (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Yangi Fransiyada</a> teri bilan savdo qiluvchi kompaniya ochgan fransuzlar hujumlarining nishonlariga aylanishgan<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Ikki yildan soʻng Amerikadagi koloniyalarga qul sotishning monopol huquqini olgan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Africa_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Royal Africa Company (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Royal Africa Company</a> ochildi. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Qullar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qullar (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Qullar</a> „Brinchi imperiya“ iqtisodiyotining asosini tashkil etgan. 1807-yilda qul savdosi cheklanishiga qadar Britaniya Amerikaga olib kelingan qullarning uchdan biri, yaʼni, 3,5 mln.ni olib kelgan. Qul savdosini taʼminlash maqsadida <a href="/wiki/G%CA%BBarbiy_Afrika" title="Gʻarbiy Afrika">Gʻarbiy Afrika</a> qirgʻogʻida <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeyms_(orol,_Gambiya)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jeyms (orol, Gambiya) (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Jeyms oroli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akkra" title="Akkra">Akkra</a> va <a href="/wiki/Bans" title="Bans">Bans</a> kabi fortlar qurilgan. <a href="/wiki/Vest-Indiya" title="Vest-Indiya">Vest-Indiyada</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Negroid_irqi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Negroid irqi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">qoratanli aholi</a> ulushi 1650-yildan 1780-yilgacha 25 %dan 80 %ga oshdi, <a href="/w/index.php?title=O%CA%BBn_uch_koloniya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oʻn uch koloniya (sahifa yaratilmagan)">amerika qitʼasida</a> qullar ulushi esa 10 %dan 40 %ga oshdi. Qul sotish juda foydali ish hisoblangan, ayniqsa <a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a> va <a href="/wiki/Liverpul" title="Liverpul">Liverpullik</a> sotuvchilar uchun. </p><p>1695-yilda <a href="/wiki/Shotlandiya_parlamenti" title="Shotlandiya parlamenti">Shotlandiya parlamenti</a> „The Company of Scotland Trading to Africa and the Indies“,ya'ni "Hindiston va Afrikaga Shotlandiya savdo kompaniyasi"ga ikki okeanni birlashtiruvchi kanal qurish uchun Panamada koloniya tuzish huquqini berdi. Ekspeditsiya 1698-yilda yoʻlga chiqdi, ammo u omadsizlikka uchradi. <a href="/wiki/Yangi_Granada" class="mw-redirect" title="Yangi Granada">Yangi Granadalik</a> ispan koloniyachilari tomonidan hujumga uchraganligi va <a href="/wiki/Bezgak" title="Bezgak">bezgakka</a> chalinganligi sababli koloniya ikki yildan soʻng yoʻq boʻldi. Shotland kapitalining chorak qismi qoʻyilgan bu „Darius scheme“,ya'ni "Dariyus tizimi" rejasining muvaffaqiyatsizlikka uchrashi Shotlandiya uchun haqiqiy zarba boʻldi. Bu omadsizlik Shotlandiyani Angliya bilan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Uniya_to%CA%BBg%CA%BBrisidagi_akt_(1707)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uniya toʻgʻrisidagi akt (1707) (sahifa yaratilmagan)">birlashishga</a> majbur qildi va <a href="/wiki/Birlashgan_Qirollik" title="Birlashgan Qirollik">Birlashgan Qirollik</a> tuzilishiga sababchi boʻldi<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gollandiya_bilan_Osiyodagi_raqobat">Gollandiya bilan Osiyodagi raqobat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Britaniya_imperiyasi&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Gollandiya bilan Osiyodagi raqobat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Britaniya_imperiyasi&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Gollandiya bilan Osiyodagi raqobat"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Fort_St._George,_Chennai.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Fort_St._George%2C_Chennai.jpg/200px-Fort_St._George%2C_Chennai.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Fort_St._George%2C_Chennai.jpg/300px-Fort_St._George%2C_Chennai.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Fort_St._George%2C_Chennai.jpg/400px-Fort_St._George%2C_Chennai.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="826" /></a><figcaption>Boʻlajak <a href="/wiki/Madras" title="Madras">Madras</a> shahri hisoblanmish Avliyo Georg forti, 1639-yil</figcaption></figure> <p>XVI asr oxirida <a href="/wiki/Angliya" title="Angliya">Angliya</a> va <a href="/wiki/Gollandiya" class="mw-disambig" title="Gollandiya">Gollandiya</a> mos ravishda 1600 va 1602-yillarda tuzilgan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Britan_Ost_Indiya_kompaniyasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Britan Ost Indiya kompaniyasi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Ingliz</a> va <a href="/w/index.php?title=Golland_Ost_Indiya_kompaniyasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Golland Ost Indiya kompaniyasi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Golland</a> kompaniyalarning Osiyoga ekspeditsiyalarini pul bilan ta'minlash maqsadida xususiy <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aksionerlik_jamiyati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aksionerlik jamiyati (sahifa yaratilmagan)">aksionerlik jamiyatlarini</a> tuzishni boshlashdi. Oʻsha paytlarda <a href="/wiki/Osiyo" title="Osiyo">Osiyo</a> bilan savdo qilishda <a href="/wiki/Portugaliya" title="Portugaliya">Portugaliya</a> yakka hokim edi. Inglizlar va gollandlarning maqsadi foydali boʻlgan ziravorlar bilan savdoni egallash edi. Asosiy ziravorlar chiqariladigan nuqtalar <a href="/wiki/Indoneziya" title="Indoneziya">Indoneziya</a> <a href="/wiki/Arxipelag" title="Arxipelag">arxipelagi</a> va <a href="/wiki/Hindiston" title="Hindiston">Hindiston</a> edi. <a href="/wiki/Shimoliy_dengiz" title="Shimoliy dengiz">Shimoliy dengiz</a> orqali oʻtadigan <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> va <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a> oʻrtasidagi tor aloqalar ikki kompaniya oʻrtasidagi muammolarni yuzaga keltirdi. Natijada Gollandiya Indoneziyadagi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Molukk_orollari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molukk orollari (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Molukk orollarida</a>, Angliya esa Hindistondagi <a href="/wiki/Surat" class="mw-redirect" title="Surat">Suratga</a> oʻrnashib oldi. Angliya Gollandiyani keyinchalik oʻz soyasida qoldirishiga qaramasdan oʻsha paytlarda rivojlangan iqtisodiy tizimga ega va <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anglo-golland_urushlari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anglo-golland urushlari (sahifa yaratilmagan)">anglo-golland urushlarida</a> gʻalabaga erishgan Gollandiya XVII asr davomida Osiyoda katta hududlarni egalladi. Angliya va Gollandiya oʻrtasidagi dushmanlik 1688-yildagi <a href="/wiki/Shonli_inqilob" title="Shonli inqilob">Shonli inqilob</a> natijasida ingliz taxtiga niderland <a href="/wiki/Shtatgalter" title="Shtatgalter">shtatgalteri</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vilgelm_III_Oran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vilgelm III Oran (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Vilgelm Oran</a> oʻtirishidan soʻng toʻxtadi. Ikki millat oʻrtasidagi kelishuvga koʻra arxipelagdagi ziravorlar sanoati Gollandiyaga, Hindistondagi tikuvchilik sanoati Angliyaga tegdi. Angliya baribir tikuvchilikdagi foyda boʻyicha ziravorlar savdosidan oʻtib ketdi, ingliz kompaniyasi esa golland kompaniyasini ortda qoldirdi<sup id="cite_ref-nferguson_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nferguson-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Hindistonda ingliz Ost Indiya kompaniyasi oʻz eʼtiborini Suratdan <a href="/wiki/Madras" title="Madras">Madras</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mumbay" title="Mumbay">Mumbay</a> va <a href="/wiki/Kalkutta" title="Kalkutta">Kalkuttaga</a> qaratdi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fransiya_bilan_dunyo_miqyosidagi_kurash">Fransiya bilan dunyo miqyosidagi kurash</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Britaniya_imperiyasi&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Fransiya bilan dunyo miqyosidagi kurash" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Britaniya_imperiyasi&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Fransiya bilan dunyo miqyosidagi kurash"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:British_colonies_1763-76_shepherd1923.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/British_colonies_1763-76_shepherd1923.PNG/220px-British_colonies_1763-76_shepherd1923.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/British_colonies_1763-76_shepherd1923.PNG/330px-British_colonies_1763-76_shepherd1923.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/British_colonies_1763-76_shepherd1923.PNG/440px-British_colonies_1763-76_shepherd1923.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1651" data-file-height="1010" /></a><figcaption>1763-1776-yillarda ingliz Amerikasi</figcaption></figure> <p>Angliya va Gollandiya oʻrtasida 1688-yilda tuzilgan tinchlik bitimiga koʻra bu ikki davlat <a href="/wiki/Yevropa" title="Yevropa">Yevropa</a> va koloniyalarda <a href="/wiki/Fransiya" title="Fransiya">Fransiya</a>-<a href="/wiki/Ispaniya" title="Ispaniya">Ispaniya</a> ittifoqiga qarshi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Augsburg_ligasi_urushi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Augsburg ligasi urushi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Toʻqqiz yillik urushga</a> ittifoqchilar sifatida kirishdi. Lekin urushdan Angliya gʻolib, Gollandiya magʻlub boʻlib chiqdi. Sababi, Gollandiya koʻp pul talab etadigan quruqlikdagi urushda qatnashishga majbur boʻldi. XVIII asrda Angliya (1707-yildan soʻng Britaniya) dunyodagi eng kuchli kolonial davlatga aylanadi, Fransiya esa uning asosiy raqibi sifatida eʼtirof etiladigan boʻldi. </p><p>1700-yilda Ispaniya va uning yirik kolonial imperiyasini <a href="/wiki/Lyudovik_XIV" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyudovik XIV">fransuz qirolining</a> nevarasi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Filipp_V_(ispan_qiroli)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filipp V (ispan qiroli) (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Filipp Anjuga</a> meros qilib qoldirgan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_II_(ispan_qiroli)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl II (ispan qiroli) (sahifa yaratilmagan)">ispan qiroli Karl II</a> vafot etadi. Fransiya, Ispaniya va ularning koloniyalari bir davlatga birlashishi Angliya va boshqa Yevropa davlatlariga yoqmasligi aniq edi. 1701-yilda Angliya, Portugaliya va Gollandiya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ispan_taxti_uchun_urush&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ispan taxti uchun urush (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Ispan taxti uchun urushga</a> Fransiya va Ispaniyaga qarshi kurashayotgan <a href="/wiki/Muqaddas_Rim_imperiyasi" title="Muqaddas Rim imperiyasi">Muqaddas Rim imperiyasiga</a> qoʻshilishadi. Bu urush 1714-yilgacha davom etadi. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Utrext_tinchlik_shartnomasi_(1713)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Utrext tinchlik shartnomasi (1713) (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Utrext tinchlik shartnomasiga</a> koʻra ispan qiroli Filipp Anju fransuz taxtidan oʻzi va davomchilari nomidan voz kechdi. Bundan tashqari, Ispaniya Yevropadagi barcha mulklaridan ham ayrildi. Britaniya Imperiyasining hududi kengaydi: Fransiyadan Nyufaundlend va <a href="/w/index.php?title=Akadiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Akadiya (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Akadiya</a>, Ispaniyadan esa <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a> va <a href="/wiki/Minorka" title="Minorka">Minorka</a> tortib olindi. Hozirgacha Britaniya <a href="/wiki/Dominion" title="Dominion">dominioni</a> hisoblanadigan Gibraltar muhim harbiy dengiz floti bazasiga aylandi va Britaniyaga <a href="/wiki/O%CA%BBrta_Yer_dengizi" class="mw-redirect" title="Oʻrta Yer dengizi">Oʻrta Yer dengizidan</a> <a href="/wiki/Atlantika_okeani" title="Atlantika okeani">Atlantika okeaniga</a> kirish-chiqishni boshqarishga imkon berdi. Menorka esa Ispaniyaga 1802-yilda <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amyen_sulhi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amyen sulhi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Amyen sulhiga</a> koʻra qaytarildi. </p><p>1756-yilda boshlangan <a href="/wiki/Yetti_yillik_urush" title="Yetti yillik urush">Yetti yillik urush</a> birinchi dunyoviy urushga aylandi: urush harakatlari Yevropa, Osiyo, Janubiy va Shimoliy Amerika, Osiya va hattoki, Afrikada olib borildil; urushda oʻsha paytdagi buyuk davlatlarning deyarli barchasi qatnashishdi. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parij_tinchlik_shartnomasi_(1763)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parij tinchlik shartnomasi (1763) (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Parij tinchlik shartnomasining</a> imzolanishi Britaniya Imperiyasining kelajakiga katta taʼsir koʻrsatdi. Shimoliy Amerikadagi Fransiya koloniyalarining barchasi egallandi. Ispaniyadan Florida tortib olindi. Hindistonda ham fransuzlar britanlarga ancha katta hududlarni berdilar. Shunday qilib, Buyuk Britaniyaning Yetti yillik urush davomida Fransiya ustidan gʻalabasi uni dunyoning eng kuchli davlatiga aylantirdi<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="„Ikkinchi_Britaniya_Imperiyasining“_tuzilishi_(1783—1815)"><span id=".E2.80.9EIkkinchi_Britaniya_Imperiyasining.E2.80.9C_tuzilishi_.281783.E2.80.941815.29"></span>„Ikkinchi Britaniya Imperiyasining“ tuzilishi (1783—1815)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Britaniya_imperiyasi&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: „Ikkinchi Britaniya Imperiyasining“ tuzilishi (1783—1815)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Britaniya_imperiyasi&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: „Ikkinchi Britaniya Imperiyasining“ tuzilishi (1783—1815)"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oʻn_uch_amerika_koloniyalarining_yoʻqotilishi"><span id="O.CA.BBn_uch_amerika_koloniyalarining_yo.CA.BBqotilishi"></span>Oʻn uch amerika koloniyalarining yoʻqotilishi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Britaniya_imperiyasi&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Oʻn uch amerika koloniyalarining yoʻqotilishi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Britaniya_imperiyasi&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Oʻn uch amerika koloniyalarining yoʻqotilishi"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="rellink boilerplate seealso">Asosiy maqola: <a href="/w/index.php?title=AQSh_mustaqillik_urushi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AQSh mustaqillik urushi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">AQSh mustaqillik urushi</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Treaty_of_Paris_by_Benjamin_West_1783.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Treaty_of_Paris_by_Benjamin_West_1783.jpg/220px-Treaty_of_Paris_by_Benjamin_West_1783.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Treaty_of_Paris_by_Benjamin_West_1783.jpg/330px-Treaty_of_Paris_by_Benjamin_West_1783.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Treaty_of_Paris_by_Benjamin_West_1783.jpg/440px-Treaty_of_Paris_by_Benjamin_West_1783.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="932" /></a><figcaption> „Parij shartnomasi“, Benjamin Uest (1783). Rasmda (chapdan oʻngga): <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jon_Jey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jon Jey (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Jon Jey</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jon_Adams_(prezident)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jon Adams (prezident) (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Jon Adams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Benjamin Franklin</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Genri_Lorens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genri Lorens (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Genri Lorens</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Uilyam_Templ_Franklin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uilyam Templ Franklin (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Uilyam Templ Franklin</a>. Britan rasmiylari rasmda tasvirlanishni xohlashmaganliklari sababli rasm ohiriga yetkazilmagan.</figcaption></figure> <p>1760- va 1770-yillarda metropoliya va oʻn uch koloniyalar orasida munosabatlar keskin sovuqlashdi. Kolonistlarning noroziligiga sabab britan parlamentining ularning roziliklarini olmasdan turib kolonistlarni yangi soliqqa tortishga harakatlari boʻldi. Lekin asosiy sabab butun Shimoliy Amerikada Britaniya Imperiyasi hokimligining oʻrnatilishi edi. Bir tomondan barcha qurol va mehnat qurollarini avval fransuzlardan sotib olishga oʻrganib qolgan hindular inglizlar bilan savdo qilishga majbur boʻlishdi. Inglizlar esa hindularga ishonmaganliklari sababli hindularga qurol sotilishini taqiqlab qoʻyishdi, bu oʻz navbatida <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pontiaklar_qo%CA%BBzg%CA%BBoloni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pontiaklar qoʻzgʻoloni (sahifa yaratilmagan)">hindular qoʻzgʻoloniga</a> olib keldi. Hindularni tinchlantirish maqsadida britan hukumati kolonistlarga fransuzlardan tortib olingan yerlarga koʻchib borishni taqiqlab qoʻyishdi. Endi noroziliklar navbati fermerlar va mulkdorlarga keldi. Buning ustiga, inglizlar Fransiya bilan urushdan va hindular qoʻzgʻolonidan soʻng koloniyalarda katta miqdorda askarlar saqlashga majbur boʻldi. Bu askarlarni boqish uchun esa koloniyadagilar yangi soliqlarga tortildilar. Urushdan soʻng kerak boʻlmay qolgan (fransuz xavfi butunlay yoʻq qilinganligi sababli) askarlarga kolonistlar zor emasdilar. Shu sababli kolonistlar yangi soliqlar va britan askarlari savdo-sotiqqa xalaqit qila boshlaganliklari sababli qoʻzgʻolon koʻtarishdi. </p><p>1757-yilda qitʼada kelasi yili oʻz mustaqilliqini eʼlon qiladigan AQSh <a href="/w/index.php?title=AQSh_mustaqillik_urushi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AQSh mustaqillik urushi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">mustaqillik uchun urush</a> boshlaydi. 1783-yilda kolonistlar Britaniya raqiblari sanalmish Fransiya, Ispaniya va Niderlandiya yordamida bu urushni yutishadi, Buyuk Britaniya esa AQShni mustaqil davlat deb tan olishga majbur boʻladi. Urush davomida amerikaliklar qisman <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanada_bosqini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kanada bosqini (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Britan Kanadasini</a> egallashga harakat qilib koʻrishadi, lekin, fransuz tilida soʻzlashuvchi kolonistlar ularni qoʻllab-quvvatlamaganliklari sababli Kanada Britaniya qoʻl ostida qoladi<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. AQSh mustaqilligi tan olingandan soʻng britan Kanadasiga imperiyaga sodiq boʻlgan 40 000dan 100 000gacha boʻlgan amerikaliklar qochib oʻtishadi. Ularning 14 000i Sent-Jon daryosi boʻyiga koʻchib oʻtishadi. 1784-yilda Britan hukumati yangi kelgan kolonistlardan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nyu_Bransuik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nyu Bransuik (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Nyu Bransuik</a> koloniyasini tuzish toʻgʻrisida qaror qiladi. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=1791-yilgi_Konstitutsion_akt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1791-yilgi Konstitutsion akt (sahifa yaratilmagan)">1791-yilgi Konstitutsion akt</a></i> Kanadani ingliz tilida soʻzlashuvchi Yuqori Kanada va fransuz tilida soʻzlashuvchi Quyi Kanada viloyatlariga boʻladi. </p><p>Ingliz Amerikasidagi strategik muhim hududlarning yoʻqotilishini tarixchilar „birinchi“ va „ikkinchi“ Britan imperiyalari orasidagi chegara deb hisoblashadi. Bundan soʻng metropoliya Osiyo, Tinch okeani havzasi va Afrikadagi hududlarni bosib olishga eʼtiborini qaratadi<sup id="cite_ref-ljames_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ljames-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Napoleon_urushlari" title="Napoleon urushlari">Napoleon urushlari</a> davomida Britaniya Imperiyasi ohirgi marta yoʻqotilgan Shimoliy Amerika hududlarini qaytarish uchun harakat qiladi. Amerikan-fransuz savdo aloqalariga xalaqit qilish uchun „ingliz dezertirlarini“ topish bahonasi ostida britan harbiy floti titib chiqadi. Bundan kelib chiqqan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anglo-amerikan_urushi,_1812&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anglo-amerikan urushi, 1812 (sahifa yaratilmagan)">anglo-amerikan urushida</a> inglizlar vaqtinchalik Vashingtonni egallashadi, lekin 1815-yilgi tinchlik shartnomasiga koʻra ikki davlat hududlari urushdan oldingi hududlarda qoladi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ost_Indiya_kompaniyasining_Hindistonda_hukmronligi">Ost Indiya kompaniyasining Hindistonda hukmronligi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Britaniya_imperiyasi&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Ost Indiya kompaniyasining Hindistonda hukmronligi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Britaniya_imperiyasi&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Ost Indiya kompaniyasining Hindistonda hukmronligi"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="rellink boilerplate seealso">Asosiy maqola: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Britan_Ost_Indiya_kompaniyasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Britan Ost Indiya kompaniyasi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Britan Ost Indiya kompaniyasi</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Clive.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Clive.jpg/220px-Clive.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Clive.jpg/330px-Clive.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Clive.jpg/440px-Clive.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1870" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Klayv&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Klayv (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Robert Klayvning</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plessi_jangi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plessi jangi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Plessi jangida</a> gʻalabasi Ost Indiya kompaniyasini savdo imperiyasidan yetakchi harbiy kuchga aylantirdi. 1760-yil</figcaption></figure> <p>Oʻz faoliyatining birinchi yuz yilligida <a href="/w/index.php?title=Britan_Ost_Indiya_kompaniyasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Britan Ost Indiya kompaniyasi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Britan Ost Indiya kompaniyasi</a> oʻz eʼtiborini <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hindiston_sub-qit%CA%BCasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hindiston sub-qitʼasi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Hindiston sub-qitʼasidagi</a> savdo operatsiyalariga qaratgan. U 1617-yilda oʻz savdo huquqlarini olgan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Boburshoxlar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boburshoxlar (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Boburshoxlar</a> imperiyasiga qarshi chiqishni oʻylab ham koʻrmagan. Ammo XVIII asrga kelib Boburshoxlar imperiyasi qulashni boshlagan, kompaniya esa oʻz raqobatchisi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fransuz_Ost_Indiya_kompaniyasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fransuz Ost Indiya kompaniyasi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Fransuz Ost Indiya kompaniyasiga</a> qarshi kurashga kirgan. 1757-yilda <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plessi_jangi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plessi jangi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Plessi jangida</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Klayv&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Klayv (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Robert Klayv</a> boshchiligi ostidagi britanlar fransuzlar va ularning hind ittifoqchilarini magʻlub etishdi. Inglizlar <a href="/wiki/Bengaliya" title="Bengaliya">Bengaliyani</a> oʻz qoʻllariga olishdi va Hindistondagi yetakchi siyosiy kuchga aylanishdi. </p><p>XVIII asrning ikkinchi yarmida kompaniya oʻz hududlarini kengaytirdi. Bu hududlar yoki kompaniya, yoki yollanma hind askarlari — <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sipohiylar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sipohiylar (sahifa yaratilmagan)">sipohiylardan</a> iborat britan Hindiston armiyasi tomonidan qoʻrqitilgan mahalliy oʻyinchoq hukmdorlar tomonidan boshqarilgan. Hindistonni kolonial egallashning asosiy usuli fransuzlar kolonizatorlari tomonidan oʻylab topilib, inglizlar tomonidan keng foydalanilgan „subsidiar kelishuvlar“ boʻlgan<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Bu tizimga muvofiq kompaniya birinma ketin hind knyazliklarini kompaniya mahalliy kompaniya yollanma armiyasini boqish uchun „subsidiya“lar toʻlash toʻgʻrisidagi bitimlar tuzishga majburlagan. Shuningdek, bu knyazliklar oʻzlarining global ishlarini faqat britan rasmiysi yordamida bajarishga majbur boʻlishgan. </p><p>Boburshoxlar imperiyasining markazlashgan hukumatining inqirozi Hindistonning <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hind_mahalliy_knyazliklarining_ro%CA%BByxati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hind mahalliy knyazliklarining roʻyxati (sahifa yaratilmagan)">bir necha yuzlab mustaqil knyazliklarga</a> boʻlinib ketishiga sababchi boʻldi, bu esa oʻz navbatida britan istilosini osonlashtirdi. Kompaniya atigi ikki marta jiddiy qurolli qarshilikka uchradi: birinchi marta — <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marathlar_davlati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marathlar davlati (sahifa yaratilmagan)">marathlar ittifoqi</a> tomonidan, ikkinchi marta — <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sikx_davlati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sikx davlati (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Sikx davlati</a> tomonidan. Marathlarga qarshi britanlar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ingliz-marath_urushlari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ingliz-marath urushlari (sahifa yaratilmagan)">uch ingliz-marath urushlari</a> olib borishdi. Bu urushlarda britanlar oʻz ulushlarini kutgan marathlar qoʻshnilari bilan ittifoq tuzishgan. Sikxlar bilan birinchi toʻqnashuv britanlar uchun juda omadsiz kechgan. Ammo 1839-yildan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sikxlar_davlati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sikxlar davlati (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Sikxlar davlatida</a> ichki nizolar boshlanib, davlat inqirozga yuz tutdi. Mana shunda britanlar sikxlarni <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ikkinchi_ingliz-sikx_urushi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ikkinchi ingliz-sikx urushi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Ikkinchi ingliz-sikx urushida</a> magʻlub etishdi. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:British_Empire.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/British_Empire.jpg/250px-British_Empire.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/British_Empire.jpg/375px-British_Empire.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/British_Empire.jpg/500px-British_Empire.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>Hindistondagi Britan ofitseri</figcaption></figure> <p>1857-yilda butun Hindiston Ost Indiya kompaniyasi qoʻl ostiga oʻtdi. Lekin shu yilda <a href="/wiki/Sipohiylar_qo%CA%BBzg%CA%BBoloni" title="Sipohiylar qoʻzgʻoloni">sipohiylar qoʻzgʻoloni</a> yuzaga keldi. Bu kompaniyaning Hindistondagi boshqaruviga chek qoʻydi. Uning oʻrniga toʻgʻridan-toʻgʻri taxt hukumati oʻrnatildi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tinch_okeani_tadqiqotlari">Tinch okeani tadqiqotlari</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Britaniya_imperiyasi&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Tinch okeani tadqiqotlari" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Britaniya_imperiyasi&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Tinch okeani tadqiqotlari"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1718-yildan boshlab yiliga tahminan mingtadan jinoyatchilarni Amerikaga joʻnatardi. 1783-yilda oʻn uch koloniya yoʻqotilgach, britan hukumati bu maqsadlarda Avstraliyadan foydalana boshladi<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Avstraliyaning gʻarbiy qirgʻogʻi 1606-yilda golland tadqiqotchisi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Villem_Yanszon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Villem Yanszon (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Villem Yanszon</a> tomonidan ochilgan edi. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Golland_Ost_Indiya_kompaniyasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Golland Ost Indiya kompaniyasi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Golland Ost Indiya kompaniyasi</a> yangi qitʼaga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yangi_Gollandiya_(Avstraliya)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yangi Gollandiya (Avstraliya) (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Yangi Gollandiya</a> deb nom berdi, lekin uni kolonizatsiyalashga harakat qilib koʻrmadi. </p><p>1770-yilda kapitan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeyms_Kuk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jeyms Kuk (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Jeyms Kuk</a> Tinch okeanining janubiy qismini tadqiq etish davomida Avstraliyaning gʻarbiy qismini kashf etdi va qitʼani Britaniya hududi deb eʼlon qildi. 1778-yilda Jozef Benks hukumatga Avstraliyada jinoyatchilar koloniyasini tuzish qanday muhimligini isbotlab berdi. Jinoyatchilarni oʻz ichiga olgan birinchi kema 1787-yilda <a href="/wiki/Yangi_Janubiy_Uels" title="Yangi Janubiy Uels">Yangi Janubiy Uelsga</a> qarab yoʻl oldi va 1788-yilda Avstraliyaga yetib keldi. Kelajakda Buyuk Britaniya 1840-yilgacha Yangi Janubiy Uelsga jinoyatchilarni joʻnatishda davom etdi. Koloniyadagi aholi soni bu paytga kelib 56 ming kishiga yetdi. Avstraliya koloniyalari vaqt oʻtishi bilan jun va tilla eksportyorlariga aylanishdi. </p><p>Oʻzining sayohati davomida Kuk 1642-yilda golland dengizchisi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abel_Yanszon_Tasman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abel Yanszon Tasman (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Tasman</a> tomonidan kashf etilgan <a href="/wiki/Yangi_Zelandiya" title="Yangi Zelandiya">Yangi Zelandiyaga</a> ham tashrif buyurdi va 1769-, 1770-yillarda mos ravishda, Shimoliy va Janubiy orollarni <a href="/w/index.php?title=Britan_monarxiyasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Britan monarxiyasi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Britan toji</a> mulki deb eʼlon qildi. Boshida yevropaliklar va tub aholi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maori_(xalq)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maori (xalq) (sahifa yaratilmagan)">maorilar</a> oʻrtasidagi munosabatlar faqatgina savdo bilan cheklangan edi. XIX asrning birinchi oʻn yilligida asosan Shimoliy orolda birinchi doimiy ingliz aholi punktlari va savdo nuqtalari paydo boʻldi. 1839-yilda Yangizeland kompaniyasi yerlar sotib olish va koloniyalarga asos solish toʻgʻrisidagi rejalarini eʼlon qildi. 1840-yildaWilliam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Uilliam_Gobson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uilliam Gobson (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Gobson</a> va 40tacha maori boshliqlari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaytangi_bitimi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vaytangi bitimi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Vaytangi bitimini</a> imzolashdi<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Napoleon_Fransiyasi_bilan_urushlar">Napoleon Fransiyasi bilan urushlar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Britaniya_imperiyasi&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Napoleon Fransiyasi bilan urushlar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Britaniya_imperiyasi&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Napoleon Fransiyasi bilan urushlar"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Sadler,_Battle_of_Waterloo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Sadler%2C_Battle_of_Waterloo.jpg/220px-Sadler%2C_Battle_of_Waterloo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Sadler%2C_Battle_of_Waterloo.jpg/330px-Sadler%2C_Battle_of_Waterloo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Sadler%2C_Battle_of_Waterloo.jpg/440px-Sadler%2C_Battle_of_Waterloo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="950" data-file-height="438" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/Vaterloo_jangi" title="Vaterloo jangi">Vaterloo jangi</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Britaniya Fransiya hukumati tepasiga Napoleon Bonapart kelgach yana Fransiya bilan toʻqnashdi. U Britaniyaga bostirib kirish rejalari bilan faqat dengizorti koloniyalarigagina emas, balki Britaniyaning oʻziga xavf sola boshlagan. Napoleon urushlaridagi gʻalaba Britaniya Imperiyasidan ulkan resurslar va harakatlarni talab etgan. Fransuz portlari britan floti tomonidan toʻsilgan. 1805-yilda <a href="/w/index.php?title=Trafalgar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trafalgar (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Trafalgar</a> yonidagi <a href="/wiki/Trafalgar_jangi" title="Trafalgar jangi">dengiz jangida</a> muhim gʻalabaga erishilgan. Inglizlar ham fransuz koloniyalariga va 1810yilda Napoleon tomonidan egallangan Gollandiyaga hujum qilishgan. </p><p>Fransiya 1815-yilda soʻzsiz taslim etildi. Urush natijalariga koʻra Buyuk Britaniya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioan_orollari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ioan orollari (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Ioan orollari</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maalta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maalta (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Maalta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seyshel_orollari" class="mw-redirect" title="Seyshel orollari">Seyshel orollari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mavrikiy" title="Mavrikiy">Mavrikiy</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sent-Lyusiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sent-Lyusiya (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Sent-Lyusiya</a>, Tobago]], <a href="/w/index.php?title=Trinidad_(orol)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trinidad (orol) (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Trinidad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gayana" title="Gayana">Gayana</a> va <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kap_koloniyasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kap koloniyasi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Kap koloniyasini</a> egalladi. Keyinroq bir nech koloniya Fransiya va Gollandiyaga qaytarildi<sup id="cite_ref-ljames_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ljames-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Qulchilikning_bekor_etilishi">Qulchilikning bekor etilishi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Britaniya_imperiyasi&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Qulchilikning bekor etilishi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Britaniya_imperiyasi&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Qulchilikning bekor etilishi"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Buxton_Memorial_50577.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Buxton_Memorial_50577.jpg/150px-Buxton_Memorial_50577.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Buxton_Memorial_50577.jpg/225px-Buxton_Memorial_50577.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Buxton_Memorial_50577.jpg/300px-Buxton_Memorial_50577.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2684" data-file-height="3387" /></a><figcaption>Bakston yodgorligi (<a href="/wiki/Ingliz_tili" title="Ingliz tili">inglizcha</a>: <i><span lang="en">Buxton Memorial Fountain</span></i>), London. 1865-yilda Britan Imperiyasida qulchilik bekor etilishi sharafiga oʻrnatilgan.</figcaption></figure> <p>XIX asr boshiga kelib <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abolitsionistlar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abolitsionistlar (sahifa yaratilmagan)">abolitsionistlar</a> tomonidan bosimning kuchayishi 1807-yilda <a href="/w/index.php?title=Qul_savdosiga_qarshi_akt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qul savdosiga qarshi akt (sahifa yaratilmagan)">„Qul savdosiga qarshi akt“ning</a> imzolanishiga olib keldi. <a href="/wiki/Vest-Indiya" title="Vest-Indiya">Vest-Indiyada</a> qullarning bozor narxi 80 funt boʻlgan bir paytda kemasida qullar topilgan kema kapitanlari har bir topilgan qul uchun 100 funtdan jarima toʻlashlari kerak boʻlgan. 1808-yilda <a href="/wiki/Serra_Leone" class="mw-redirect" title="Serra Leone">Serra Leone</a> ozod etilgan qullarning britan koloniyasi deb eʼlon qilingan. </p><p>1823-yilda qullikka qarshi jamiyat paydo boʻldi va 1833-yilda qabul qilingan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Qullikni_bekor_qilish_to%CA%BBg%CA%BBrisidagi_akt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qullikni bekor qilish toʻgʻrisidagi akt (sahifa yaratilmagan)">„Qullikni bekor qilish toʻgʻrisidagi akt“ni</a> imzolashga majbur etdi. Yangi aktga koʻra faqat qul savdosi emas, balki qullikning oʻzi ham noqonuniy deb eʼlon qilindi. 1834-yil avgustda imperiyadagi barcha qullar ozod deb eʼlon qilindi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1815-1914-yillardagi_imperiya_yuz_yilligi">1815-1914-yillardagi imperiya yuz yilligi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Britaniya_imperiyasi&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: 1815-1914-yillardagi imperiya yuz yilligi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Britaniya_imperiyasi&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: 1815-1914-yillardagi imperiya yuz yilligi"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:British_Empire_1897.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/British_Empire_1897.jpg/300px-British_Empire_1897.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/British_Empire_1897.jpg/450px-British_Empire_1897.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/British_Empire_1897.jpg/600px-British_Empire_1897.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1116" data-file-height="849" /></a><figcaption>1897-yilda Britaniya Imperiyasi. Pushti rang oʻsha payt xaritalaridagi britan koloniyalarining odatiy rangi boʻlgan.</figcaption></figure> <p>1815-1914-yillar davomida Britaniya Imperiyasi hududi 25 899 891 km²ga, aholi soni 400 mln. kishiga yetdi. Napoleon magʻlub etilgach inglizlarga global masshtabda qarshilik qiladigan raqib qolmadi. Faqatgina mahalliy darajada Britaniya Rossiya bilan Osiyoda, fransuzlar va keyinroq nemislar bilan Afrikada, amerikaliklar bilan Lotin Amerikasida qarshi kelishi mumkin edi. Shuningdek, Britaniya Imperiyasi dunyoning yetakchi dengiz davlatiga aylandi. </p><p>Bu davrda Buyuk Britaniya rasmiy ravishda mustaqil boʻlgan Xitoy, Argentina, Siam kabi koʻplab mustaqil davlatlarning iqtisodiyotini boʻysundirdi<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. XIX asr ikkinchi yarmida yangi texnologiyalar bugʻ mashinasi va telegrafning paydo boʻlishi imperiyani boshqaruv va himoyani yengillashtirgan holda kuchaytirdi. 1902-yilda butun imperiya telegraf simlari bilan qoplandi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Osiyo">Osiyo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Britaniya_imperiyasi&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Osiyo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Britaniya_imperiyasi&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Osiyo"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="rellink boilerplate seealso">Yana qarang: <a href="/wiki/Sipohiylar_qo%CA%BBzg%CA%BBoloni" title="Sipohiylar qoʻzgʻoloni">Sipohiylar qoʻzgʻoloni</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Birinchi_opium_urushi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Birinchi opium urushi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Birinchi opium urushi</a> va <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ikkinchi_opium_urushi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ikkinchi opium urushi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Ikkinchi opium urushi</a></div> <p>Imperiya siyosatining Osiyodagi asosiy maqsadi eng qimmatli va Osiyoning boshqa hududlariga kalit hisoblanuvchi Hindistonni qoʻl ostida ushlash va Hindistondagi hududlarni kengaytirish edi. XIX asrning birinchi yarmida ekspansiyaning asosiy quroli Ost Indiya kompaniyasi edi. U oʻz askarlarini qirollik floti bilan birinchi marta Yetti yillik urushda birlashtirdi, shundan soʻng uning qurolli kuchlari Hindistondan tashqaridagi koʻplab urushlarda qatnashdi: Napoleonga qarshi Misrda (1799-yil), Gollandiyadan Yava tortib olinganda (1811-yil), <a href="/wiki/Singapur" title="Singapur">Singapurning</a> (1819-yil) va <a href="/wiki/Malakka" title="Malakka">Malakkaning</a> (1824-yil) egallanishida, Birmaning egallanishida (1826-yil). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Victoria_Disraeli_cartoon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Victoria_Disraeli_cartoon.jpg/170px-Victoria_Disraeli_cartoon.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Victoria_Disraeli_cartoon.jpg/255px-Victoria_Disraeli_cartoon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Victoria_Disraeli_cartoon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="301" data-file-height="393" /></a><figcaption> „Qarilarga yangi toj“. 1876-yilning siyosiy karikaturasi, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Dizraeli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Benjamin Dizraeli (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Dizraeli</a> qirolicha Viktoriyaga Hindiston tojini taqdim etmoqda.</figcaption></figure> <p>1839-yilda Kantondagi Xitoy rasmiylari 20 ming quti opiumni musodara qilishdi. Bunga javoban Buyuk Britaniya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Birinchi_opium_urushi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Birinchi opium urushi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">birinchi opium urushini</a> boshladi. Urush natijasida inglizlar oʻsha paytda rivojlanmagan <a href="/wiki/Gonkong" title="Gonkong">Gonkongni</a> egallashdi, Xitoyda narkomanizm esa juda yuqori choʻqqilarga yetdi. </p><p>1857-yilda britan qoʻmondonlariga qarshi yollanma hind askarlari — sipohiylar — <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sipohiykar_qo%CA%BBzg%CA%BBoloni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sipohiykar qoʻzgʻoloni (sahifa yaratilmagan)">qoʻzgʻolonidan</a> soʻng britan hukumati Hindistonda <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hindiston_general-gubernatori&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hindiston general-gubernatori (sahifa yaratilmagan)">general-gubernator</a> boshchiligidagi toʻgʻridan-toʻgʻri boshqaruvni („British raj“) joriy etdi. Qirolicha Viktoriyaga Hindiston imperator ayoli toji kiydirildi. Ost Indiya kompaniyasiga shundan soʻng chek qoʻyildi (1858-yil). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rossiya_bilan_raqobat">Rossiya bilan raqobat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Britaniya_imperiyasi&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Rossiya bilan raqobat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Britaniya_imperiyasi&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Rossiya bilan raqobat"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="rellink boilerplate seealso">Asosiy maqola: <a href="/wiki/Katta_o%CA%BByin" class="mw-redirect" title="Katta oʻyin">Katta oʻyin</a></div> <div class="rellink boilerplate seealso">Yana qarang: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Birinchi_ingliz-afg%CA%BBon_urushi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Birinchi ingliz-afgʻon urushi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Birinchi ingliz-afgʻon urushi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ikkinchi_ingliz-afg%CA%BBon_urushi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ikkinchi ingliz-afgʻon urushi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Ikkinchi ingliz-afgʻon urushi</a> va <a href="/w/index.php?title=Uchinchi_ingliz-afg%CA%BBon_urushi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uchinchi ingliz-afgʻon urushi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Uchinchi ingliz-afgʻon urushi</a></div> <p>XIX asrda Britan va Rossiya imperiyalari Usmonli turklar imperiyasi, Eron va Sin Xitoyi inqirozidan Osiyoda yuzaga kelgan siyosiy boʻshliqni toʻldirishga harakat qilishdi. Rossiyaning 1826-1828-yillardagi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rus-fors_urushi_(1826-1828)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rus-fors urushi (1826-1828) (sahifa yaratilmagan)">rus-fors</a> va 1828-1829-yillardagi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rus-turk_urushi_(1828-1829)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rus-turk urushi (1828-1829) (sahifa yaratilmagan)">rus-turk</a> urushlaridagi gʻalabasi Hindistonga rus bosqinidan qoʻrqishni boshlagan Britaniyaning notinchligini chaqirdi<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Oʻzining geosiyosiy raqibini ortda qoldirish maqsadida 1839-yilda Britaniya <a href="/wiki/Afg%CA%BBoniston_amirligi" title="Afgʻoniston amirligi">Afgʻonistonni</a> egallashga birinchi marta urinib koʻrdi, lekin <a href="/w/index.php?title=Birinchi_ingliz-afg%CA%BBon_urushi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Birinchi ingliz-afgʻon urushi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Birinchi ingliz-afgʻon urushi</a> u uchun xalokatli yakunlandi. </p><p>1853-yilda Rossiyaning <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bolqon_yarimoroli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bolqon yarimoroli (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Bolqondagi</a> taʼsiri kuchayadi. Rossiyaning <a href="/wiki/O%CA%BBrta_Yer_dengizi" class="mw-redirect" title="Oʻrta Yer dengizi">Oʻrta Yer dengizi</a> va <a href="/wiki/Yaqin_Sharq" title="Yaqin Sharq">Yaqin Sharqdagi</a> taʼsiri kuchayashidan xavotirlangan Angliya va Fransiya <a href="/wiki/Qrim_urushi" title="Qrim urushi">Qrim urushini</a> (1854-1856) boshlashdi. Urush Rossiya xalqaro taʼsirini pasaytirib, uning texnologik jihatdan qancha ortda qolganini koʻrsatib berdi. </p><p>Keyingi yigirma yil davomida Britaniya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Belujiston&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Belujiston (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Belujistonni</a> (1876-yil), Rossiya esa hozirgi Qirgʻisizton, Qozogʻiston va Turkmaniston hududlarini bosib oldi. 1878-yilda ikki imperiya Osiyodagi taʼsir doiralarini boʻlib olish toʻgʻrisida birinchi marta kelishib olishdi. Shunga qaramay 1902-yilda Angliya Rossiya qarshi qaratilgan Yaponiya bilan ittifoq tuzdi. <a href="/wiki/Rus-yapon_urushi" title="Rus-yapon urushi">Rus-yapon urushi</a> davomida Britaniya Imperiyasi rasmiy betarafligini eʼlon qilgan holda, maxfiy ravishda Yaponiyaga qurol va pul yetkazib turgan. Bu esa Rossiya imperiyasining magʻlubiyati va kuchsizlanishiga sabab boʻlgan. </p><p>1907-yilda Rossiya Germaniyaga qarshi qaratilgan ingliz-fransuz ittifoqiga (<a href="/wiki/Antanta" title="Antanta">Antanta</a>) qoʻshildi va ikki raqib imperiyaga ittifoqchilarga aylanishdi. Shu bilan bir vaqtda Rossiya Britaniyaning Afgʻoniston ustidan protektoratini tan oldi, <a href="/wiki/Eron" title="Eron">Eron</a> esa rus va ingliz taʼsir doiralariga boʻlindi. Xitoy ham xuddi shunday Yevropa davlatlari orasida taʼsir doiralariga boʻlib olindi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Keyptaundan_Qohiragacha_Afrika">Keyptaundan Qohiragacha Afrika</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Britaniya_imperiyasi&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Keyptaundan Qohiragacha Afrika" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Britaniya_imperiyasi&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Keyptaundan Qohiragacha Afrika"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="rellink boilerplate seealso">Yana qarang: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Birinchi_ingliz-bur_urushi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Birinchi ingliz-bur urushi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Birinchi ingliz-bur urushi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ikkinchi_ingliz-bur_urushi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ikkinchi ingliz-bur urushi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Ikkinchi ingliz-bur urushi</a> va <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ingliz-zuluss_urushi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ingliz-zuluss urushi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Ingliz-zuluss urushi</a></div> <p>Britaniyaga Napoleon urushlaridan soʻng oʻtgan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kap_koloniyasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kap koloniyasi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Kap koloniyasiga</a> 1652-yilda Afrikaning janubida metropoliya va Osiyodagi koloniyalar oʻrtasidagi toʻxtash nuqtasi sifatida <a href="/w/index.php?title=Golland_Ost_Indiya_kompaniya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Golland Ost Indiya kompaniya (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Golland Ost Indiya kompaniyasi</a> tomonidan asos solingan edi. 1820-yildan boshlab bu yerga inglizlar oqimi kuchaydi. 1830-yillar oxiri 1840-yillar boshidagi buyuk koʻchish davomida minglab burlab koloniyalarni tark etib shimolga ketib, u yerda oʻzlarining respublikalari: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Transvaal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transvaal (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Transvaal</a> (1852-1877, 1881-1902- yily) va <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ozod_Oranj_davlati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ozod Oranj davlati (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Ozod Oranj davlatini</a> (1854-1902) tuzishdi. Ular ham britanlar, ham soto va zulu kabi Afrika qabilalari bilan dushman boʻlishgan. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ikkinchi_ingliz-bur_urushi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ikkinchi ingliz-bur urushi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Ikkinchi ingliz-bur urushi</a> (1899-1902-yillar) natijasida bur respublikalari Britaniya Imperiyasiga qoʻshib olindi. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Punch_Rhodes_Colossus.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Punch_Rhodes_Colossus.png/220px-Punch_Rhodes_Colossus.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Punch_Rhodes_Colossus.png/330px-Punch_Rhodes_Colossus.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Punch_Rhodes_Colossus.png/440px-Punch_Rhodes_Colossus.png 2x" data-file-width="2069" data-file-height="2681" /></a><figcaption><i>Rodoslik Koloss</i> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rodoslik_Koloss&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rodoslik Koloss (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Rodoslik Koloss</a>) singari</figcaption></figure><p>) — <a href="/wiki/Sesil_Rods" class="mw-redirect" title="Sesil Rods">Sesil Rods</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kap_koloniyasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kap koloniyasi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Kap koloniyasidan</a> <a href="/wiki/Qohira" title="Qohira">Qohiragacha</a> boʻlgan masofani egallab turibdi]] </p><p>1869-yilda <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_III" title="Napoleon III">Napoleon III</a> <a href="/wiki/O%CA%BBrtayer_dengizi" class="mw-redirect" title="Oʻrtayer dengizi">Oʻrtayer dengizi</a> va <a href="/wiki/Qizil_dengiz" title="Qizil dengiz">Qizil dengizni</a> birlashtiruvchi <a href="/wiki/Suvaysh_kanali" title="Suvaysh kanali">Suvaysh kanalini</a> ochdi. 1875-yilda Benjamin Dizraeli boshchiligidagi britan hukumati Misr hukmdori <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ismoil_Poshsho&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ismoil Poshsho (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Ismoil Poshshodan</a> kanalning 44 % aksiyalarini 4 mln. funtga sotib oldi. Boshida kanal ustidan qoʻshma ingliz-fransuz boshqaruvi oʻrnatilgandi, 1882-yilda esa kanal hududi britan askarlari tomonidan egallandi. Suvaysh kanali ustidan ingliz-fransuz munozarasi 1902-yilda uning neytral hudud deb eʼlon qilinishi bilan tugadi, lekin de-fakto kanal 1954-yilgacha britan askarlari boshqaruvi ostida qoldi. </p><p>Kongo daryosining quyi oqimida Fransiya, Belgiya va Portugaliyaning faollashuvidan soʻng Yevropa davlatlari orasida <a href="/w/index.php?title=Afrikaning_kolonial_bo%CA%BBlinuvi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Afrikaning kolonial boʻlinuvi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">"Afrika uchun janjal"</a> boshlandi. Muammolarni 1884-1885-yillardagi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Berlin_konferensiyasi_(1884)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Berlin konferensiyasi (1884) (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Berlin konferensiyasi (1884)da</a> hal qilishga harakat qilishdi. Kolonial imperiyalar orasidagi raqobat 1890-yillargacha davom etdi. Birlashgan ingliz-misr askarlari 1896-yilda <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahdiylar_qo%CA%BBzg%CA%BBoloni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahdiylar qoʻzgʻoloni (sahifa yaratilmagan)">mahdiylar qoʻzgʻolonini</a> bostirishdi va fransuzlarning <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fashod_inqirozi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fashod inqirozi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Fashodga bosqiniga</a> qarshilik koʻrsatishdi. Shundan soʻng Sudan qoʻshma ingliz-misr koloniyasi deb eʼlon qilindi, aslida esa britan boshqaruvi ostida qoldi. </p><p>Britan kolonizatori <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sesil_Jon_Rods&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sesil Jon Rods (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Sesil Rods</a> strategik muhim Suvaysh kanalini foydali qazilmalarga boy Janubiy Afrika bilan birlashtiruvchi Keyptaun-Qohira temir yoʻlini qurish taklifini bildirdi. 1888-yilda Rods oʻziga tegishli shaxsiy Britan Januniy Afrika kompaniyasi yordamida oʻz ismi sharafiga atalgan ulkan hudud — Rodeziyani egalladi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jahon_urushlari_(1914-1945)"><span id="Jahon_urushlari_.281914-1945.29"></span>Jahon urushlari (1914-1945)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Britaniya_imperiyasi&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Jahon urushlari (1914-1945)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Britaniya_imperiyasi&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Jahon urushlari (1914-1945)"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>XX asr boshida Germaniya tez rivojlanayotgan harbiy va industrial davlatga aylandi. Buyuk Britaniya oʻzining kelajakda metropoliya va imperiya butunligini saqlash kuchi yoʻqolishi mumkinligidan qoʻrqa boshladi. Boʻlajak urushda Germaniyani taxminiy raqib sifatida koʻrgan Britaniya Imperiyasi oʻzining eski raqiblari Fransiya va Rossiya bilan yaqinlashuv yoʻliga oʻtdi (1904- va 1907-yillar ittifoqlari). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Birinchi_jahon_urushi">Birinchi jahon urushi</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Britaniya_imperiyasi&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Birinchi jahon urushi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Britaniya_imperiyasi&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Birinchi jahon urushi"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1914-yilda ikki Yevropa davlatlari bloklari oʻrtasida urush boshlandi. Urushda britan koloniyalari va dominionlari Britaniya Imperiyasiga katta yordam berdi. 2,5 mln.dan ortiq askarlar dominionlar armiyalarida xizmat qildi va koloniyalardagi minglab koʻngillilar britan armiyasiga safarbar etildi. Afrika koʻplab nemis koloniyalari britan askarlari tomonidan bosib olingan bir paytda Tinch okeanida Avstraliya va Yangi Zelandiya mos ravishda nemis Yangi Gvineyasi va Samoani bosib oldi. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Austro-Hungarian_fleet_on_maneuvers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Austro-Hungarian_fleet_on_maneuvers.jpg/200px-Austro-Hungarian_fleet_on_maneuvers.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Austro-Hungarian_fleet_on_maneuvers.jpg/300px-Austro-Hungarian_fleet_on_maneuvers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Austro-Hungarian_fleet_on_maneuvers.jpg/400px-Austro-Hungarian_fleet_on_maneuvers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1313" data-file-height="959" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Fleet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grand Fleet (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Ulkan flot</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yutland_jangi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yutland jangi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Yutland jangi</a> tomon yoʻl olyapti, 1916-yil</figcaption></figure> <p>Avstraliya va Yangi Zelandiya askarlarining 1915-yilda <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dardanell_operatsiyasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dardanell operatsiyasi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Gallipoli kampaniyasidagi</a> hissalari bu davlatlarda milliy oʻzlikning paydo boʻlishiga ulkan taʼsir koʻrsatdi. Xuddi shu xolat Kanadada <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vimi_jangi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vimi jangi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Vimi jangidan</a> soʻng roʻy berdi. Dominionlarning gʻalabadagi hissalari britan bosh vaziri <a href="/w/index.php?title=Devid_Lloyd_Jorj&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Devid Lloyd Jorj (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Lloyd Jorj</a> tomonidan tan olindi. U 1917-yilda barcha dominionlarning bosh vazirlarini imperiya harbiy qoʻmitasiga qoʻshilishga chaqirdi<sup id="cite_ref-tolloyd_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tolloyd-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>1919-yilda imzolangan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Versal_bitimiga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Versal bitimiga (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Versal bitimiga</a> shartlariga koʻra imperiya 4 662 000 km² kengaydi va aholi soni 13 mln.ga koʻpayib oʻz tarixidagi eng yuqori choʻqqisiga chiqdi. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Germaniya_koloniyalari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Germaniya koloniyalari (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Germaniya koloniyalari</a> va Usmonli turklar imperiyasining koʻplab hududlari gʻoliblar oʻrtasida <a href="/w/index.php?title=Millatlar_Ligasi_mandati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Millatlar Ligasi mandati (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Millatlat Ligasi mandatlariga</a> koʻra boʻlib olindi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Urushlar_orasidagi_davr">Urushlar orasidagi davr</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Britaniya_imperiyasi&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Urushlar orasidagi davr" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Britaniya_imperiyasi&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Urushlar orasidagi davr"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Britaniya Imperiyasi iqtisodiyoti bu davrda mustahkamlanishda davom etdi: koloniyalar va dominionlarga eksport 32 %dan 39 %ga oʻsdi, import esa 24 %dan 37 %ga oʻsdi. </p><p>Irlandiyaga mustaqil boshqaruv taqdim etilishining kechiktirilishi sababli <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shinn_Feyn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shinn Feyn (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Shinn Feyn</a> boshchiligidagi mustaqillik tarafdorlari partiyasi sezilarli tarzda kuchaydi. 1918-yildagi parlament saylovlarida u Irlandiyadan koʻp oʻrin oldi, 1919-yilda Dublinda Irland assambleyasini tuzib, mustaqilligini eʼlon qildi. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Irland_Respublikasi_armiyasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irland Respublikasi armiyasi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Irland Respublikasi armiyasi</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlandiyaning_mustaqilli_uchun_urushi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irlandiyaning mustaqilli uchun urushi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">britan boshqaruviga qarshi partizan urushini</a> boshladi. Ingliz-irland urushi 1921-yilda ingliz-irland bitimining imzolanishi bilan yakunlandi. Bitimga koʻra imperiya tarkibidagi dominion sifatida <a href="/w/index.php?title=Irland_Ozod_davlati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irland Ozod davlati (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Irland Ozod davlati</a> tuzildi. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:ImperialConference.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/ImperialConference.jpg/220px-ImperialConference.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/ImperialConference.jpg/330px-ImperialConference.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/ImperialConference.jpg/440px-ImperialConference.jpg 2x" data-file-width="635" data-file-height="506" /></a><figcaption>Qirol Georg V Britaniya va dominionlar bosh vazirlari bilan 1926-yilgi Imperiya konferensiyasida.</figcaption></figure> <p>32 irland grafliklaridan 6tasidan iborat <a href="/wiki/Shimoliy_Irlandiya" title="Shimoliy Irlandiya">Shimoliy Irlandiya</a> hozirga qadar <a href="/w/index.php?title=1922-yilgi_Irland_hukumati_to%CA%BBg%CA%BBrisidagi_akt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1922-yilgi Irland hukumati toʻgʻrisidagi akt (sahifa yaratilmagan)">„1922-yilgi Irland hukumati toʻgʻrisidagi akt“ga</a> koʻra Birlashgan Qirollik tarkibiga kiradi. </p><p>Shunga oʻxshash kurash Hindistonda boshlandi; <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=1919-yilgi_Hindiston_hukumati_to%CA%BBg%CA%BBrisidagi_akt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1919-yilgi Hindiston hukumati toʻgʻrisidagi akt (sahifa yaratilmagan)">1919-yilgi Hindiston hukumati toʻgʻrisidagi akt</a></i> mustaqillik tarafdorlarini qoniqtirmadi. Britan hukumati mustaqillik uchun urushlar boshlanib ketmasligi uchun qattiqqoʻl choralarni qoʻllay boshladi, masalan, <a href="/wiki/Panjob" title="Panjob">Panjobda</a>. Bunga javoban <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahatma Gandi">Mahatma Gandi</a> inglizlarning Hindiston aholisi tomonidan boykot qilinishi sanalgan nohamkorlik harakatini boshladi. 1922-yil 10-martda Gandi qamoqqa olinib, 18-martda ekstremistik ruhdagi materiallar nashr etganligi sababli ikki yil ozodlikdan mahrum etildi. </p><p>1923-yilgi Imperiya konferensiyasi dominionlarning <a href="/w/index.php?title=Metropoliya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metropoliya (sahifa yaratilmagan)">metropoliyadan</a> mustaqil ravishda oʻz tashqi siyosatini yurgizish imkonini berdi. Bundan bir yil oldingi Turkiyadagi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chanoq_inqirozi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chanoq inqirozi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Chanoq inqirozida</a> Britaniya yana dominionlar yordamini soʻradi, lekin Kanada va Janubiy Afrika bu safar yordam berishdan bosh tortdi. 1926-yilgi Imperiya konferensiyasi Irlandiya va Janubiy Afrika bosimi ostida <a href="/wiki/Dominion" title="Dominion">dominionlarni</a> "Britan Imperiyasi tarkibidagi teng huquqga ega va bir-biriga boʻysunmaydigan davlatlar deb tan oldi<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Bu „Ikkinchi imperiya“ning qulashi edi, shundan soʻng „imperiya“ oʻrniga „Britan davlatlari hamdoʻstligi“ atamasi qoʻllanila boshladi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="II_Jahon_Urushi">II Jahon Urushi</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Britaniya_imperiyasi&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: II Jahon Urushi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Britaniya_imperiyasi&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section's source code: II Jahon Urushi"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Metropoliyaga urush eʼlon qilinishi yana avtomatik tarzda uning <a href="/w/index.php?title=Koloniya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koloniya (sahifa yaratilmagan)">koloniyalariga</a> oʻz taʼsirini koʻrsatdi, shu jumladan Hindistonga ham. Lekin bu safar dominionlarda urushga kirishdan bosh tortish huquqi bor edi. Ular ichida Kanada, Avstraliya, Yangi Zelandiya va Janubiy Afrika baribir urushga qoʻshilishdi. Irlandiya esa urushga qoʻshilmay butun <a href="/wiki/II_Jahon_Urushi" class="mw-redirect" title="II Jahon Urushi">II Jahon Urushi</a> davomida betaraflikni saqladi. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:He%27s_coming_South.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/He%27s_coming_South.jpg/150px-He%27s_coming_South.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/He%27s_coming_South.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="188" data-file-height="288" /></a><figcaption>Avstraliya yapon bosqinini kutmoqda</figcaption></figure> <p>1940-yilda <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fransuz_kampaniyasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fransuz kampaniyasi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Fransiya qulagach</a> Imperiya 1941-yilda urushga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sovet_Sotsialistik_Respublikalar_Ittifoqi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sovet Sotsialistik Respublikalar Ittifoqi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">SSSR</a> qoʻshilguncha Germaniya va uning ittifoqchilariga qarshi bir oʻzi qolib ketdi. Britan bosh vaziri <a href="/wiki/Uinston_Cherchill" class="mw-redirect" title="Uinston Cherchill">Uinston Cherchill</a> amerika prezidenti <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Ruzvelt" class="mw-redirect" title="Franklin Ruzvelt">Franklin Ruzveltdan</a> faol tarzda <a href="/w/index.php?title=Harbiy_yordam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harbiy yordam (sahifa yaratilmagan)">harbiy yordam</a> soʻragan. 1941-yilda ikki davlat Atlantika xartiyasini imzolashdi. Bu xartiya barcha koloniyalarga ozodlik berdi. </p><p>Yaponlar hujumi ostida qolgan Avstraliya va Yangi Zelandiya Britaniya oʻz imperiyasini himoya qila olmasligini tushuna boshlashdi. Bu ularni <a href="/wiki/AQSh" class="mw-redirect" title="AQSh">AQSh</a> bilan yaqin aloqalar oʻrnatilishiga turtki berdi. 1951-yilda Avstraliya, Yangi Zelandiya va AQSh oʻrtasida <a href="/w/index.php?title=ANZUS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ANZUS (sahifa yaratilmagan)">ANZUS</a> pakti imzolanishiga olib keldi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dekolonizatsiya_va_„Ikkinchi_imperiyaning_qulashi“_(1945—1997)"><span id="Dekolonizatsiya_va_.E2.80.9EIkkinchi_imperiyaning_qulashi.E2.80.9C_.281945.E2.80.941997.29"></span>Dekolonizatsiya va „Ikkinchi imperiyaning qulashi“ (1945—1997)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Britaniya_imperiyasi&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Dekolonizatsiya va „Ikkinchi imperiyaning qulashi“ (1945—1997)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Britaniya_imperiyasi&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section's source code: Dekolonizatsiya va „Ikkinchi imperiyaning qulashi“ (1945—1997)"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Britaniya Imperiyasi II Jahon Urushida gʻalaba qozonishdi, ammo urush natijalari imperiya uchun juda vayronkor boʻldi. Yevropa vayonalarga aylanib, kuchlar balansi oʻtgan AQSh va SSSR armiyalari tomonidan egallab olingan edi. Buyuk Britaniya 3,5 mlrd. dollar miqdoridagi amerika qarzi yordamida qutulgan inqiroz yoqasiga kelib qoldi. Bu qarzning ohirgi foizlari 2006-yilda toʻlandi. </p><p>Koloniyalardagi antikolonial harakatlar tez kuchaydi. AQSh va SSSR oʻrtasida boshlangan <a href="/wiki/Sovuq_urush" title="Sovuq urush">Sovuq urushga</a> qaramasdan, ikki davlat ham yevropa kolonializmiga qarshi edi. Bu davrga mos boʻlgan „oʻzgarishlar shamoli“ atamasi imperiyaning sanoqli kunlari qolganligini bildirardi. Fransiya va Portugaliya oʻz imperiyalarini saqlab qolish uchun qimmat va foydasiz urushlarni boshlagan bir paytda, Buyuk Britaniya oʻz koloniyalaridan ularni stabil kommunizm tarafdori boʻlmagan hukumatlarga topshirib ketishni tanladi. 1945-1965-yillarda metropoliyadan tashqaridagi imperiya aholisi 700 mln.dan 5 mln.ga tushdi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mustaqillikning_boshlanishi">Mustaqillikning boshlanishi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Britaniya_imperiyasi&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Mustaqillikning boshlanishi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Britaniya_imperiyasi&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section's source code: Mustaqillikning boshlanishi"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Jinnah_Gandhi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Jinnah_Gandhi.jpg/150px-Jinnah_Gandhi.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Jinnah_Gandhi.jpg/225px-Jinnah_Gandhi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Jinnah_Gandhi.jpg/300px-Jinnah_Gandhi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="308" /></a><figcaption>Hindistonning mustaqillik uchun urushi davomidagi induistlar va musulmonlar yetakchilari <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahatma Gandi">Mahatma Gandi</a> va <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_Jinna" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Ali Jinna">Muhammad Ali Jinna</a></figcaption></figure> <p>1945-yildagi parlament saylovlarida dekolonizatsiya tarafdorlari boʻlgan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leyboristlar_partiyasi_(Buyuk_Britaniya)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leyboristlar partiyasi (Buyuk Britaniya) (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Leyboristlar partiyasi</a> gʻolib boʻldi. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Klement_Ettli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Klement Ettli (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Klement Ettli</a> boshchiligidagi Leyboristlar partiyasi imperiyaning eng ogʻriqli muammosi — Hindiston mustaqilliga oʻz eʼtiborini qaratdi. Bu koloniyada ikki yetakchi kuch boʻlmish <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hindiston_milliy_kongressi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hindiston milliy kongressi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Hindiston milliy kongressi</a> va <a href="/w/index.php?title=Musulmonlat_ligasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Musulmonlat ligasi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Musulmonlat ligasi</a> oʻrtasida kelishmovchiliklar oʻsib borayotgandi. Bu ikki pertiya ham mustaqillikni xohlardi. Kongress unitar davlat tuzish taklifi bilan chiqdi. Bu davlatda musulmonlar kamchilik boʻlishidan xavfsiragan Liga musulmonlar koʻpchilik boʻlgan regionlarda islom davlatini tuzishni taklif qildi. Koʻpayib borayotgan tartibsizliklar va Qirollik Hind floti qoʻzgʻoloni 1946-yilda bosh vazirni Hindistonga eng uzogʻi bilan 1948-yilda mustaqillik berishni vada berishga majbur qildi. </p><p>Vaziyatning favquloddaligi va fuqarolik urushi xavfi soʻnggi Hindiston vitse-qiroli lord Mauntbettenni 1947-yilda 15-avgustda Hindistonni boʻlish va mustaqillik berishga majbur qildi. Britanlar yangi tuzilgan Hindiston va Pokiston davlatlarida oʻnlab mln. kishini kamchilik sifatida qoldirib, indusit va islom regionlari oʻrtasida chegara oʻtkazishdi. Millionlab odamlar ikkala yoʻnalishda chegarlarni kesib oʻtishdi, yuz minglab insonlar esa ikki din vakillari oʻrtasidagi zoʻravonliklar qurboni boʻlishdi. Aholisining katta qismi musulmon boʻlishiga qaramay Hindistonga berilgan Jammu va Kashmir haligacha ikki davlat munosabatlarini buzuvchi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kashmir_muammosi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kashmir muammosi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">muammo</a> sanaladi. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:British_Empire_1921_IndianSubcontinent.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/British_Empire_1921_IndianSubcontinent.png/300px-British_Empire_1921_IndianSubcontinent.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/British_Empire_1921_IndianSubcontinent.png/450px-British_Empire_1921_IndianSubcontinent.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/British_Empire_1921_IndianSubcontinent.png/600px-British_Empire_1921_IndianSubcontinent.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="625" /></a><figcaption>Britaniya Imperiyasi 1921-yilda</figcaption></figure> <p>19480yilda Birma va Seylon (Shri-Lanka) mustaqillikga erishishdi. Hindiston, Pokiston va Seylon Hamdoʻstlikka qoʻshilishdi, Birma esa qoʻshilishni istamadi. </p><p>Britan mandatligi ostidagi Falastinda ham muammolar yuzaga keldi. Bu yerdagi kolonial hukumat juhudlar va koʻpchilik boʻlgan arablar oʻrtasidagi muammoga duch kelishdi. Bu yerdagi muammolar qiyinroq edi — Yevropadagi koʻplab juhud qochoqlari Falastinda boshqana qidirishardi, arablar esa juhudlar koʻchib kelishi toʻxtatilishini talab qilishdi. 1947-yilda imperiya kelgusi yili oʻz askarlarini Falastindan olib chiqib, mandatlikdan voz kechib, davlatning keyingi taqdirini <a href="/wiki/Birlashgan_Millatlar_Tashkiloti" title="Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti">BMTga</a> topshirishini eʼlon qildi<sup id="cite_ref-tolloyd_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tolloyd-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=BMT_Bosh_Assambleya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BMT Bosh Assambleya (sahifa yaratilmagan)">BMT Bosh Assambleyasi</a> Falastinni juhud va arab mustaqil davlatlariga boʻlib, <a href="/wiki/Quddus" title="Quddus">Quddus</a> va <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vifleyem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vifleyem (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Vifleyem</a> shaharlari ustidan xalqaro protektorat oʻrnatilishi toʻgrisidagi <a href="/w/index.php?title=BMTning_Falastinni_bo%CA%BBlish_to%CA%BBg%CA%BBrisidagi_rejasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BMTning Falastinni boʻlish toʻgʻrisidagi rejasi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">№ 181 rezolyutsiyasini</a> qabul qildi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Suvaysh_inqirozi_va_uning_natijalari">Suvaysh inqirozi va uning natijalari</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Britaniya_imperiyasi&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Suvaysh inqirozi va uning natijalari" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Britaniya_imperiyasi&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section's source code: Suvaysh inqirozi va uning natijalari"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="rellink boilerplate seealso">Asosiy maqola: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Suvaysh_inqirozi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suvaysh inqirozi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Suvaysh inqirozi</a></div> <p>1951-yilda Buyuk Britaniyada hukumat tepasiga Cherchill boshchiligidagi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konservativlar_partiyasi_(Buyuk_Britaniya)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konservativlar partiyasi (Buyuk Britaniya) (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Konservativlar partiyasi</a> keldi. Konservatorlar Hindiston yoʻqotilishiga qaramay Suvaysh kanaliga tayanib, Yaqin Sharqdagi hukmronlikni saqlash orqali Britaniyani dunyoviy davlat sifatida saqlab qolish mumkinligiga ishonishardi. Lekin ular 1951-yilda Misrda <a href="/w/index.php?title=Misrdagi_iyul_inqilobi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Misrdagi iyul inqilobi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">hukumat tepasiga kelgan</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Komil_Abdul_Nosir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Komil Abdul Nosir (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Komil Abdul Nosirni</a> eʼtiborga olmasdan qoʻyolmasdilar. 1952-yilda britan askarlarini Suvaysh kanali hududidan olib chiqib ketib, 1955-yilda Sudan mustaqilligini tan olish toʻgrisidagi bitim imzolandi. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Eden,_Anthony.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Eden%2C_Anthony.jpg/170px-Eden%2C_Anthony.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Eden%2C_Anthony.jpg/255px-Eden%2C_Anthony.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Eden%2C_Anthony.jpg/340px-Eden%2C_Anthony.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3772" data-file-height="4458" /></a><figcaption> Buyuk Britaniya bosh vaziri <a href="/w/index.php?title=Entoni_Iden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Entoni Iden (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Entoni Iden</a></figcaption></figure> <p>1956-yilda prezident Nosir Suvaysh kanalini milliylashtirdi. Bunga javoban britan bosh vaziri <a href="/w/index.php?title=Entoni_Iden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Entoni Iden (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Entoni Iden</a> <a href="/wiki/Isroil" title="Isroil">Isroilning</a> Misrga hujumiga vaqtida urushga qoʻshilib, Suvaysh kanalini egallash toʻgʻrisida maxfiy bitim imzoladi. Ammo u AQSh munosabatini hisobga olmagandi. Amerika prezidenti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Duayt_Devid_Eyzenhauer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Duayt Devid Eyzenhauer (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Eyzenhauer</a> opertasiyani qoʻllab-quvvatlashdan bosh tortdi. <a href="/wiki/AQSh" class="mw-redirect" title="AQSh">AQSh</a> Nikita Xrushyov urushda Misr tarafini olishga vada bergandan soʻng SSSR keng miqyosdagi urush boshlanishidan qoʻrqdi. Inglizlar toʻxtatish uchun amerikaliklar oʻzlarining britan funtidagi rezervlarini sotish orqali ingliz valyutasini sindirishlarini aytishdi. Natijada, urush harakatlari omadli boʻlib, kanal egallanganligiga qaramasdan, xalqaro bosim Britaniyani oʻz askarlarini olib chiqib ketishga majbur etdi. </p><p>Suvaysh inqirozi ommaviy ravishda Britaniyaning dunyoviy davlat maqomi yoʻqotilganligini namoyish etdi. Milliy gʻurur oyoq osti qilinib, parlament deputatlaridan birini roʻy bergan voqeani „Britaniya Vaterloosi“ deb atashga, boshqasini esa Britaniyani „Amerika satelliti“ deb nomlashga majbur qildi. Oʻsha paytlardagi insonlar ongining feʼlini <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Tetcher" class="mw-redirect" title="Margaret Tetcher">Margaret Tetcher</a> „Suvaysh sindromi“ deb atadi. Bu sindromdan Brtaniya 1982-yilgi <a href="/wiki/Folklend_urushi" title="Folklend urushi">Argentina bilan Folklend urushidagi</a> gʻalabadan soʻnggina qutuldi. </p><p>Suvaysh inqirozi Yaqin Sharqdagi britan taʼsirini pasaytirganiga qaramasdan, uni butunligicha yoʻqotolmadi. Amerikaliklarning maqullashidan soʻng britan armiyasi 1957-yilda Ummonga, 1958-yilda Iordaniyaga, shuningdek, 1961-yilda Quvaytni roʻy berishi mumkin boʻlgan Eron xavfidan qutqarish uchun bu davlatga bostirib kirdi. </p><p>1967-yilda britan askarlari <a href="/wiki/Aden" title="Aden">Adendan</a>, 1971-yilda <a href="/wiki/Bahrayn" title="Bahrayn">Bahrayndan</a> chiqib ketishdi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oʻzgarishlar_shamoli"><span id="O.CA.BBzgarishlar_shamoli"></span>Oʻzgarishlar shamoli</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Britaniya_imperiyasi&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Oʻzgarishlar shamoli" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Britaniya_imperiyasi&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section's source code: Oʻzgarishlar shamoli"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:British_Decolonisation_in_Africa.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/British_Decolonisation_in_Africa.png/220px-British_Decolonisation_in_Africa.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/British_Decolonisation_in_Africa.png/330px-British_Decolonisation_in_Africa.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/British_Decolonisation_in_Africa.png/440px-British_Decolonisation_in_Africa.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Afrikadagi dekolonizatsiya. 1960-yillar ohiriga kelib Rodeziya (boʻlajak Zimbabve) va Janubi-Gʻarbiy Afrikadan (hozirgi Namibiya) tashqari barcha britan koloniyalariga mustaqillikka erishishdi.</figcaption></figure> <p>1960-yilda <a href="/w/index.php?title=Buyuk_Britaniya_bosh_vaziri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buyuk Britaniya bosh vaziri (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Buyuk Britaniya bosh vaziri</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Garold_Makmillan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garold Makmillan (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Garold Makmillan</a> <a href="/wiki/Keyptaun" title="Keyptaun">Keyptaunda</a> nutq soʻzladi. Oʻz nutqida u <i>"bu qitʼada oʻzgarishlar shamoli esayotganligi"</i> toʻgrisida aytdi. Makmillan fransuzlar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aljirning_mustaqillik_uchun_urushi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aljirning mustaqillik uchun urushi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Aljirda olib borayotganga</a> oʻxshagan kolonial urushlarni xohlamaganligi uchun dekolonizatsiya gʻoyasini qoʻllab-quvvatlagan. 1950-yillarda faqatgina uch koloniya — <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gana" title="Gana">Gana</a> va <a href="/w/index.php?title=Malayya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Malayya (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Malayya</a> mustaqillikka erishgan boʻlsa, 1968-yilga Janubiy Rodeziyadan boshqa Afrikadagi barcha britan koloniyalari mustaqillikka erishdi. Hududdan ingliz askarlarining chiqib ketishi oq tanli aholi uchun katta muammolarni keltirib chiqardi, ayniqsa, Rodeziyada. 1965-yilda oq tanli aholi yetakchisi bosh vazir <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yan_Smit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yan Smit (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Yan Smit</a> bir tomonlama Rodeziyaning Britaniya Imperiyasidan ajralib chiqqani toʻgʻrisida eʼlon qildi. Davlatda oqlar va qoralar 1979-yilgacha davom etgan oʻrtasidagi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Janubiy_Rodeziyadagi_urush&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Janubiy Rodeziyadagi urush (sahifa yaratilmagan)">fuqarolik urushi</a> boshlandi. Urush davlatda britan kuzatuvi ostidagi saylovlar oʻtkazilgunga qadar, britan kolonial hukumati qoʻl ostiga oʻtgandagina tugadi. Saylovlarda yangi tuzilgan <a href="/wiki/Zimbabve" title="Zimbabve">Zimbabve</a> davlatining <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zimbabve_bosh_vaziri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zimbabve bosh vaziri (sahifa yaratilmagan)">bosh vaziriga</a> aylangan <a href="/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe">Robert Mugabe</a> yutib chiqdi. </p><p>Oʻrta Yer dengizida britanlar <a href="/w/index.php?title=EOKA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="EOKA (sahifa yaratilmagan)">grek-kipriotlar</a> tomonidan boshlangan patizan urushiga duch kelishdi. Urush 1960-yilda <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kipr_(orol)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kipr (orol) (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Kipr</a> mustaqilligi eʼlon qilinishi bilan tugadi, lekin Birlashgan Qirollik <a href="/w/index.php?title=Akrotiri_va_Dekeliya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Akrotiri va Dekeliya (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Akrotiri va Dekeliya</a> harbiy bazalari ustidan oʻz nazoratini saqlab qoldi. <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a> va <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gotso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gotso (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Gotso</a> orollari 1964-yilda mustaqillikka erishishdi. </p><p>1958-yilda <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vest-Indiya_federatsiyasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vest-Indiya federatsiyasi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Vest-Indiya federatsiyasi</a> tuzildi, lekin u 1962-yildayoq <a href="/wiki/Yamayka" title="Yamayka">Yamayka</a> va <a href="/w/index.php?title=Trinidad_(orol)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trinidad (orol) (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Trinidad</a> ajralib chiqqanligi sababli parchalanib ketadi. <a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a> 1966-yilda mustaqillikka erishadi, Karib dengizidagi boshqa ingliz orollari esa 1970- va 1980-yillarda mustaqillikka erishadi. Britaniya hukmronligi ostida faqatgina <a href="/wiki/Angilya" class="mw-redirect" title="Angilya">Angilya</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyorks_va_Kaykos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tyorks va Kaykos (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Tyorks va Kaykos</a> orollari, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Britan_Virginia_orollari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Britan Virginia orollari (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Britan Virginia orollari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kayman_orollari" title="Kayman orollari">Kayman orollari</a> va <a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a> qoladi. <a href="/wiki/Gayana" title="Gayana">Gayana</a> 1966-yilda mustaqillikka erishadi. Kontinental Amerikadagi soʻnggi britan mulki <a href="/w/index.php?title=Britan_Gondurasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Britan Gondurasi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Britan Gondurasi</a> 1973-yilda <a href="/wiki/Beliz" title="Beliz">Beliz</a> nomi ostidagi erkin boshqariluvchi koloniyaga aylanadi va 1981-yilda toʻliq mustaqillikka erishadi. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Belizning_Gvatemala_bilan_hududiy_bahsi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Belizning Gvatemala bilan hududiy bahsi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Belizning Gvatemala bilan hududiy bahsi</a> hozirgacha yechilmay qolmoqda. </p><p>Tinch okeanidagi Britan hududlari 1970- (<a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a>) va 1980-yil (<a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a>) orasida mustaqillikka erishadi. <a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Papua-Yangi_Gvineya" class="mw-redirect" title="Papua-Yangi Gvineya">Papua-Yangi Gvineya</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamdo%CA%BBstlik_qirolliklari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hamdoʻstlik qirolliklari (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Hamdoʻstlik qirolliklariga</a> aylanishdi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Imperiyaning_tugallanishi">Imperiyaning tugallanishi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Britaniya_imperiyasi&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Imperiyaning tugallanishi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Britaniya_imperiyasi&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section's source code: Imperiyaning tugallanishi"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="rellink boilerplate seealso">Yana qarang: <a href="/wiki/Folklend_urushi" title="Folklend urushi">Folklend urushi</a></div> <p>1980-1981-yillarda Rodeziya (hozirgi Zimbabve), Vanuatu va Belizga mustaqillik taqdim etilgandan soʻng dekolonizatsiya jarayoni qariyb tugaydi. Avvalgi imperiyadan faqatgina butun dunyo boʻylab tarqalib yotgan orollar va avanpostlar qoladi. 1982-yilda oʻzining soʻnggi koloniyalaridan biri — <a href="/wiki/Folklend_orollari" title="Folklend orollari">Folklend orollarini</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ispan_Imperiyasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ispan Imperiyasi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Ispan Imperiyasi</a> davridan qolgan talabga asoslanib urush ochgan <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentinadan</a> himoya qiladi. Muvaffaqiyatli harbiy operatsiyalar koʻpchilikka Britaniya yana dunyoviy davlatga aylanishi haqida gapirishga asos beradi. </p><p>Huddi oʻsha yili Kanada metropoliya bilan soʻnggi yuridik aloqalarini uzadi. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=1982-yilgi_Kanada_akti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1982-yilgi Kanada akti (sahifa yaratilmagan)">1982-yilgi Kanada akti</a></i> Kanada konstitutsiyasiga oʻzgartirish uchun boshqa Britaniyaning roziligi kerakmasligini tasdiqlaydi. Shunga oʻxshash aktlar 1986-yilga Avstraliya va Yangi Zelandiyaga nisbatan qabul qilinadi<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Britaniya_Imperiyasidan_qolgan_natijalar">Britaniya Imperiyasidan qolgan natijalar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Britaniya_imperiyasi&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Britaniya Imperiyasidan qolgan natijalar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Britaniya_imperiyasi&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section's source code: Britaniya Imperiyasidan qolgan natijalar"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Location_of_the_BOTs-ru.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Location_of_the_BOTs-ru.svg/220px-Location_of_the_BOTs-ru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Location_of_the_BOTs-ru.svg/330px-Location_of_the_BOTs-ru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Location_of_the_BOTs-ru.svg/440px-Location_of_the_BOTs-ru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="735" data-file-height="433" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Britan_dengizorti_hududlari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Britan dengizorti hududlari (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Britan dengizorti hududlari</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Hozirig kunda Birlashgan Qirollik <a href="/w/index.php?title=Britan_orollari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Britan orollari (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Britan orollaridan</a> tashqari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Britan_dengizorit_hududlari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Britan dengizorit hududlari (sahifa yaratilmagan)">14 hudud</a> ustidan suverenitetga ega. 2002-yilda ular Britan dengizorit hududlari nomiga ega boʻlishdi. Bu hududlarning baʼzilarida odam yashamaydi (vaqtinchalik harbiy va ilmiy insonlardan tashqari). Boshqalari turli darajadagi oʻz boshqaruviga ega va Buyuk Britaniyaga xalqaro aloqalar va himoya boʻyicha qaram. </p><p>Baʼzi dengizorti hududlari ustidan britan suvereniteti boshqa davlatlardan tomonidan tan olinmagan: <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a> <a href="/wiki/Ispaniya" title="Ispaniya">Ispaniya</a> tomonidan, <a href="/wiki/Folklend_orollari" title="Folklend orollari">Folklend orollari</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Janubiy_Georgiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Janubiy Georgiya (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Janubiy Georgiya</a> va <a href="/w/index.php?title=Janubiy_Sendvich_orollari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Janubiy Sendvich orollari (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Janubiy Sendvich orollari</a> Argentina tomonidan va boshqalar. </p><p>Bir necha yuz yillik britan boshqruvi va britan immigratsiyasi butun dunyo boʻylab koʻplab davlatlarda oʻz izini qoldirgan. Britanlar tomonidan oʻtkazilgan siyosiy chegaralar har doim ham millatlar joylashuviga mos boʻlmagan va Kashmir, Falastin, Sudan, Nigeriya va Shri-Lankada koʻplab muammolarga sabab boʻlgan. Britan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parlament_respublikasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parlament respublikasi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">parlament tizimi</a> koʻplab sobiq koloniyalar uchun hukumat boshqaruvi turiga aylandi. Angliya qonunchiligi esa ularning yuridik tizimlariga katta taʼsir qildi. Britan oliy apellyatsion sudi hozirgacha <a href="/wiki/Karib_dengizi" title="Karib dengizi">Karib dengizi</a> va <a href="/wiki/Tinch_okeani" title="Tinch okeani">Tinch okeanida</a> joylashgan sobiq kolonialarning oliy sudi hisoblanadi. Ingliz tili 400 mln. kishi uchun ona tili sanaladi, qariyb 1 mlrd. odam esa ingliz tilida xorijiy til sifatida gapiradi. Britan missionerlari anglikan cherkovini barcha qitʼalarga tarqatishgan. </p><p>Sobiq imperiyaning koʻplab qismlarida hozirgacha kolonial arxitektura saqlanib qolgan — cherkovlar, temir yoʻl vokzallari, hukumat binolari. <a href="/wiki/Kriket" title="Kriket">Kriket</a>, <a href="/wiki/Regbi" title="Regbi">regbi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Golf" title="Golf">golf</a> va boshqa britan sport turlari britan oʻlchov birliklariga oʻxshab butun imperiyaga tarqalgan. </p><p>Millionlab kolonistlar Britan orollarini tark etib AQSh, Kanada, Avstraliya, Yangi Zelandiyaga asos solishgan. Bu davlatlarning hozirgi aholisi asosan Britaniyalilar va Irlandiyaliklar avlodlari sanalishadi. Britan protestantlari Simoliy Irlandiya aholisining katta qismini tashkil etadi va JARning asosiy oq tanli etnik guruhi hisoblanishadi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Yana_qarang">Yana qarang</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Britaniya_imperiyasi&veaction=edit&section=28" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Yana qarang" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Britaniya_imperiyasi&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section's source code: Yana qarang"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pax_Britannica" title="Pax Britannica">Pax Britannica</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buyuk_Britaniya_koloniyalari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buyuk Britaniya koloniyalari (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Buyuk Britaniya koloniyalari</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Britan_davlatlari_hamdo%CA%BBstligi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Britan davlatlari hamdoʻstligi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Britan davlatlari hamdoʻstligi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eng_yirik_imperiyalar_ro%CA%BByxati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eng yirik imperiyalar roʻyxati (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Eng yirik imperiyalar roʻyxati</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kolonializm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kolonializm (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Kolonializm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperializm" title="Imperializm">Imperializm</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Manbalar">Manbalar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Britaniya_imperiyasi&veaction=edit&section=29" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Manbalar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Britaniya_imperiyasi&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section's source code: Manbalar"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3605845">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-nferguson-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-nferguson_1-0">1,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-nferguson_1-1">1,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-nferguson_1-2">1,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-nferguson_1-3">1,3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-nferguson_1-4">1,4</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Niall Ferguson. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Empire-Demise-British-Lessons-ebook/dp/B004ROT3TY#reader_B004ROT3TY">Empire: The Rise and Demise of the British World Order and the Lessons for Global Power</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/O%CA%BBzME" class="mw-redirect" title="OʻzME">OʻzME</a>. Birinchi jild. Toshkent, 2000-yil</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com.ua/books?id=eQHSivGzEEMC&printsec=frontcover&hl=ru&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=true-">Nicholas Canny:Origins of Empire|7|1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=iTZSFcfBas8C&printsec=frontcover&hl=ru&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=true-">Kenneth Andrews:Trade, Plunder and Settlement|45|1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=iTZSFcfBas8C&printsec=frontcover&hl=ru&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=true-">Kenneth Andrews:Trade, Plunder and Settlement|187|1}</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com.ua/books?id=eQHSivGzEEMC&printsec=frontcover&hl=ru&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=true-">Nicholas Canny:Origins of Empire|63—64|1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ljames-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ljames_7-0">7,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ljames_7-1">7,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ljames_7-2">7,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Lawrence James. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.co.uz/books/about/The_Rise_and_Fall_of_the_British_Empire.html?id=4DMS3r_BxOYC&redir_esc=y">Rise & Fall of the British Empire</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Nicholas Canny:Origins of Empire|34|1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/British-Empire-1558-1995-Oxford-History/dp/0198731337#reader_0198731337-">Trevor Owen Lloyd:The British Empire 1558-1995|33|1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com.ua/books?id=173_b9fC6qcC&printsec=frontcover&hl=ru#v=onepage&q&f=true-">Phillip Buckner:Canada & British Empire|25|1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#refMacaulay1979">Macaulay</a>, p. 509.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#refPagden2003">Pagden</a>, p. 91.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enc_colier/3421/%D0%9A%D0%90%D0%9D%D0%90%D0%94%D0%90">Канада. История. Британское правление.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://historic.ru/books/item/f00/s00/z0000034/st012.shtml">Распад империи Великого Могола и завоевание Индии англичанами</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imcl.ru/australia/070401_history.php">История Австралии. Население Австралии. Как начиналась иммиграция в Австралию.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vokrugsveta.ru/encyclopedia/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B8">Договор Вайтанги</a>, <i>Вокруг Света</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Nigel Dalziel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Penguin-Historical-British-Empire-Reference/dp/0141018445">The Penguin Historical Atlas of the British Empire</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com.ua/books?id=1_41VGoCYU8C&printsec=frontcover&hl=ru#v=onepage&q&f=true-">Peter Hopkirk:Great Game|1—12|1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tolloyd-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-tolloyd_19-0">19,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-tolloyd_19-1">19,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Trevor Owen Lloyd. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/British-Empire-1558-1995-Oxford-History/dp/0198731337">The British Empire 1558-1995</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=CpSvK3An3hwC&printsec=frontcover&hl=ru#v=onepage&q&f=true-">Brown+Louis:The Twentieth Century|69|1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Decline-Fall-British-Empire/dp/0224062220/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1317726746&sr=1-1#reader_0224062220-">Piers Brendon:Decline and Fall of the British Empire|656|1</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Adabiyotlar">Adabiyotlar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Britaniya_imperiyasi&veaction=edit&section=30" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Adabiyotlar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Britaniya_imperiyasi&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section's source code: Adabiyotlar"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="refbegin references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 60em; -webkit-column-width: 60em; column-width: 60em;"> <ul><li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFrefAbernethy20002000">Abernethy, David<i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=ennqNS1EOuMC">The Dynamics of Global Dominance, European Overseas Empires 1415–1980</a></i>. Yale University Press, 2000. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/0-300-09314-4" title="Maxsus:BookSources/0-300-09314-4">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">0-300-09314-4</span></a>. Qaraldi: 22-iyul 2009-yil.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dynamics+of+Global+Dominance%2C+European+Overseas+Empires+1415%E2%80%931980&rft.aulast=Abernethy&rft.aufirst=David&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press &rft.isbn=0-300-09314-4&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DennqNS1EOuMC"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFrefAndrews19851984">Andrews, Kenneth<i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=iTZSFcfBas8C">Trade, Plunder and Settlement: Maritime Enterprise and the Genesis of the British Empire, 1480–1630</a></i>. Cambridge University Press, 1984. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/0-521-27698-5" title="Maxsus:BookSources/0-521-27698-5">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">0-521-27698-5</span></a>. Qaraldi: 22-iyul 2009-yil.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Trade%2C+Plunder+and+Settlement%3A+Maritime+Enterprise+and+the+Genesis+of+the+British+Empire%2C+1480%E2%80%931630&rft.aulast=Andrews&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press &rft.isbn=0-521-27698-5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DiTZSFcfBas8C"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFrefSekhara20042004">Bandyopādhyāẏa, Śekhara<i>. From Plassey to partition: a history of modern India</i>. Orient Longman, 2004. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/81-250-2596-0" title="Maxsus:BookSources/81-250-2596-0">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">81-250-2596-0</span></a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Plassey+to+partition%3A+a+history+of+modern+India&rft.aulast=Bandyop%C4%81dhy%C4%81%E1%BA%8Fa&rft.aufirst=%C5%9Aekhara&rft.pub=Orient+Longman &rft.isbn=81-250-2596-0"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFrefBrendon2007"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piers_Brendon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Piers Brendon (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Brendon, Piers</a><i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Decline-Fall-British-Empire-1781-1997/dp/0307268292">The Decline and Fall of the British Empire, 1781–1997</a></i>. Random House, 2007. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/0-224-06222-0" title="Maxsus:BookSources/0-224-06222-0">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">0-224-06222-0</span></a>. Qaraldi: 6-oktabr 2010-yil.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Decline+and+Fall+of+the+British+Empire%2C+1781%E2%80%931997&rft.aulast=Brendon&rft.aufirst=Piers&rft.pub=Random+House &rft.isbn=0-224-06222-0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2FDecline-Fall-British-Empire-1781-1997%2Fdp%2F0307268292"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFrefBrittainn.d."><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cambridge.org/gb/knowledge/isbn/item6480148/?site_locale=en_GB">Britain and the Dominions</a></i>. Cambridge University Press, n.d..</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Britain+and+the+Dominions&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press &rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fgb%2Fknowledge%2Fisbn%2Fitem6480148%2F%3Fsite_locale%3Den_GB"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFrefOHBEv41998">Brown, Judith<i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=CpSvK3An3hwC">The Twentieth Century, The Oxford History of the British Empire Volume IV</a></i>. Oxford University Press, 1998. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/0-19-924679-3" title="Maxsus:BookSources/0-19-924679-3">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">0-19-924679-3</span></a>. Qaraldi: 22-iyul 2009-yil.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Twentieth+Century%2C+The+Oxford+History+of+the+British+Empire+Volume+IV&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Judith&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press &rft.isbn=0-19-924679-3&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DCpSvK3An3hwC"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFrefRoger19861986">Louis, Roger<i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=ATQQ0FMS1FQC&pg=PA718&lpg=PA718">The British Empire in the Middle East, 1945-1951: Arab Nationalism, the United States, and Postwar Imperialism</a></i>. Oxford University Press, 1986 — 820-bet. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/9780198229605" title="Maxsus:BookSources/9780198229605">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">9780198229605</span></a>. Qaraldi: 24-avgust 2012-yil.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+British+Empire+in+the+Middle+East%2C+1945-1951%3A+Arab+Nationalism%2C+the+United+States%2C+and+Postwar+Imperialism&rft.aulast=Louis&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.pages=820 &rft.isbn=9780198229605&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DATQQ0FMS1FQC%26pg%3DPA718%26lpg%3DPA718"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFrefPham20102010">Pham, P.L.<i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Ending-East-Suez-Historical-ebook/dp/B00650R47Q">Ending ʻEast of Suez’: The British Decision to Withdraw from Malaysia and Singapore, 1964–1968</a></i>. Oxford University Press, 2010. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/9780199580361" title="Maxsus:BookSources/9780199580361">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">9780199580361</span></a>. Qaraldi: 24-avgust 2012-yil.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ending+%CA%BBEast+of+Suez%E2%80%99%3A+The+British+Decision+to+Withdraw+from+Malaysia+and+Singapore%2C+1964%E2%80%931968&rft.aulast=Pham&rft.aufirst=P.L.&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press &rft.isbn=9780199580361&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2FEnding-East-Suez-Historical-ebook%2Fdp%2FB00650R47Q"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFrefBuckner20082008">Buckner, Phillip<i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=SJA7OIinf4MC">Canada and the British Empire</a></i>. Oxford University Press, 2008. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-19-927164-1" title="Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-19-927164-1">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">978-0-19-927164-1</span></a>. Qaraldi: 22-iyul 2009-yil.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Canada+and+the+British+Empire&rft.aulast=Buckner&rft.aufirst=Phillip&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press &rft.isbn=978-0-19-927164-1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DSJA7OIinf4MC"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFrefBurk20082008">Burk, Kathleen<i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=UxGnPvSe_n8C">Old World, New World: Great Britain and America from the Beginning</a></i>. Atlantic Monthly Press, 2008. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/0-87113-971-5" title="Maxsus:BookSources/0-87113-971-5">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">0-87113-971-5</span></a>. Qaraldi: 22-yanvar 2012-yil.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Old+World%2C+New+World%3A+Great+Britain+and+America+from+the+Beginning&rft.aulast=Burk&rft.aufirst=Kathleen&rft.pub=Atlantic+Monthly+Press &rft.isbn=0-87113-971-5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DUxGnPvSe_n8C"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFrefOHBEv11998">Canny, Nicholas<i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=eQHSivGzEEMC">The Origins of Empire, The Oxford History of the British Empire Volume I</a></i>. Oxford University Press, 1998. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/0-19-924676-9" title="Maxsus:BookSources/0-19-924676-9">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">0-19-924676-9</span></a>. Qaraldi: 22-iyul 2009-yil.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Origins+of+Empire%2C+The+Oxford+History+of+the+British+Empire+Volume+I&rft.aulast=Canny&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press &rft.isbn=0-19-924676-9&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DeQHSivGzEEMC"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFrefClegg20052005">Clegg, Peter „The UK Caribbean Overseas Territories“, <i>. Extended Statehood in the Caribbean</i> de Jong, Lammert; Kruijt, Dirk:<a href="/w/index.php?title=Andoza:Kitob_manbasi/editor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andoza:Kitob manbasi/editor (sahifa yaratilmagan)"> </a>. Rozenberg Publishers, 2005. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/90-5170-686-3" title="Maxsus:BookSources/90-5170-686-3">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">90-5170-686-3</span></a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Extended+Statehood+in+the+Caribbean&rft.atitle=The+UK+Caribbean+Overseas+Territories&rft.aulast=Clegg&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.pub=Rozenberg+Publishers &rft.isbn=90-5170-686-3"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFrefCombs20082008">Combs, Jerald A.<i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofamerica0003comb">The History of American Foreign Policy: From 1895</a></i>. M.E. Sharpe, 2008. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-7656-2056-9" title="Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-7656-2056-9">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">978-0-7656-2056-9</span></a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+American+Foreign+Policy%3A+From+1895&rft.aulast=Combs&rft.aufirst=Jerald+A.&rft.pub=M.E.+Sharpe &rft.isbn=978-0-7656-2056-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofamerica0003comb"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFrefDalziel20062006">Dalziel, Nigel<i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=u0wUAQAAIAAJ">The Penguin Historical Atlas of the British Empire</a></i>. Penguin, 2006. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/0-14-101844-5" title="Maxsus:BookSources/0-14-101844-5">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">0-14-101844-5</span></a>. Qaraldi: 22-iyul 2009-yil.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Penguin+Historical+Atlas+of+the+British+Empire&rft.aulast=Dalziel&rft.aufirst=Nigel&rft.pub=Penguin &rft.isbn=0-14-101844-5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3Du0wUAQAAIAAJ"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFrefDavid20032003"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saul_David&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saul David (sahifa yaratilmagan)">David, Saul</a><i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=H2KOAAAACAAJ">The Indian Mutiny</a></i>. Penguin, 2003. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/0-670-91137-2" title="Maxsus:BookSources/0-670-91137-2">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">0-670-91137-2</span></a>. Qaraldi: 22-iyul 2009-yil.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Indian+Mutiny&rft.aulast=David&rft.aufirst=Saul&rft.pub=Penguin &rft.isbn=0-670-91137-2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DH2KOAAAACAAJ"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFrefElkins20052005">Elkins, Caroline<i>. Imperial Reckoning: The Untold Story of Britain's Gulag in Kenya</i>. Owl Books, 2005. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/0-8050-8001-5" title="Maxsus:BookSources/0-8050-8001-5">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">0-8050-8001-5</span></a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Imperial+Reckoning%3A+The+Untold+Story+of+Britain%27s+Gulag+in+Kenya&rft.aulast=Elkins&rft.aufirst=Caroline&rft.pub=Owl+Books &rft.isbn=0-8050-8001-5"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFrefFerguson20042004"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niall_Ferguson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Niall Ferguson (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Ferguson, Niall</a><i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=Uy23kBDD7WcC">Colossus: The Price of America's Empire</a></i>. Penguin, 2004. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/1-59420-013-0" title="Maxsus:BookSources/1-59420-013-0">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">1-59420-013-0</span></a>. Qaraldi: 22-iyul 2009-yil.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Colossus%3A+The+Price+of+America%27s+Empire&rft.aulast=Ferguson&rft.aufirst=Niall&rft.pub=Penguin &rft.isbn=1-59420-013-0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DUy23kBDD7WcC"> </span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i>sayt ishlamaydi</i>]</span></sup></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFrefFergusonEmpire20042004"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niall_Ferguson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Niall Ferguson (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Ferguson, Niall</a><i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=luSjXeSByHEC">Empire</a></i>. Basic Books, 2004. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/0-465-02329-0" title="Maxsus:BookSources/0-465-02329-0">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">0-465-02329-0</span></a>. Qaraldi: 22-iyul 2009-yil.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Empire&rft.aulast=Ferguson&rft.aufirst=Niall&rft.pub=Basic+Books &rft.isbn=0-465-02329-0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DluSjXeSByHEC"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFrefFieldhouse19991999">Fieldhouse, David Kenneth<i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/westthirdworldtr0000fiel_n6z1">The West and the Third World: trade, colonialism, dependence, and development</a></i>. Blackwell Publishing, 1999. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/0-631-19439-8" title="Maxsus:BookSources/0-631-19439-8">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">0-631-19439-8</span></a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+West+and+the+Third+World%3A+trade%2C+colonialism%2C+dependence%2C+and+development&rft.aulast=Fieldhouse&rft.aufirst=David+Kenneth&rft.pub=Blackwell+Publishing &rft.isbn=0-631-19439-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwestthirdworldtr0000fiel_n6z1"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFrefFox20082008">Fox, Gregory H.<i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/humanitarianoccu0000foxg">Humanitarian Occupation</a></i>. Cambridge University Press, 2008. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-521-85600-3" title="Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-521-85600-3">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">978-0-521-85600-3</span></a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Humanitarian+Occupation&rft.aulast=Fox&rft.aufirst=Gregory+H.&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press &rft.isbn=978-0-521-85600-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhumanitarianoccu0000foxg"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFrefGames20022002">Games, Alison<i>. The British Atlantic world, 1500–1800</i> Armitage, David; Braddick, Michael J:<a href="/w/index.php?title=Andoza:Kitob_manbasi/editor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andoza:Kitob manbasi/editor (sahifa yaratilmagan)"> </a>. Palgrave Macmillan, 2002. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/0-333-96341-5" title="Maxsus:BookSources/0-333-96341-5">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">0-333-96341-5</span></a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+British+Atlantic+world%2C+1500%E2%80%931800&rft.aulast=Games&rft.aufirst=Alison&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan &rft.isbn=0-333-96341-5"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFrefFAC2008"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=HhsZSMEH5DoC">HC Paper 147-II House of Commons Foreign Affairs Committee: Overseas Territories, Volume II</a></i>. The Stationery Office, 2008. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/0-215-52150-1" title="Maxsus:BookSources/0-215-52150-1">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">0-215-52150-1</span></a>. Qaraldi: 22-iyul 2009-yil.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=HC+Paper+147-II+House+of+Commons+Foreign+Affairs+Committee%3A+Overseas+Territories%2C+Volume+II&rft.pub=The+Stationery+Office &rft.isbn=0-215-52150-1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DHhsZSMEH5DoC"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFrefGilbert20052005"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Gilbert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Martin Gilbert (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Gilbert, Sir Martin</a><i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=vF7wGAzgwfQC">Churchill and America</a></i>. Simon and Schuster, 2005. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/0-7432-9122-0" title="Maxsus:BookSources/0-7432-9122-0">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">0-7432-9122-0</span></a>. Qaraldi: 22-iyul 2009-yil.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Churchill+and+America&rft.aulast=Gilbert&rft.aufirst=Sir+Martin&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster &rft.isbn=0-7432-9122-0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DvF7wGAzgwfQC"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFrefGoldstein1994">Goldstein, Erik<i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=dDmJPPGjfJMC">The Washington Conference, 1921–22: Naval Rivalry, East Asian Stability and the Road to Pearl Harbor</a></i>. Routledge, 1994. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/0-7146-4559-1" title="Maxsus:BookSources/0-7146-4559-1">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">0-7146-4559-1</span></a>. Qaraldi: 22-iyul 2009-yil.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Washington+Conference%2C+1921%E2%80%9322%3A+Naval+Rivalry%2C+East+Asian+Stability+and+the+Road+to+Pearl+Harbor&rft.aulast=Goldstein&rft.aufirst=Erik&rft.pub=Routledge &rft.isbn=0-7146-4559-1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DdDmJPPGjfJMC"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFrefGoodlad2000">Goodlad, Graham David<i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=clnBkEo7za4C">British foreign and imperial policy, 1865–1919</a></i>. Psychology Press, 2000. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/0-415-20338-4" title="Maxsus:BookSources/0-415-20338-4">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">0-415-20338-4</span></a>. Qaraldi: 18-sentabr 2010-yil.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+foreign+and+imperial+policy%2C+1865%E2%80%931919&rft.aulast=Goodlad&rft.aufirst=Graham+David&rft.pub=Psychology+Press &rft.isbn=0-415-20338-4&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DclnBkEo7za4C"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFrefHerbst20002000">Herbst, Jeffrey Ira<i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/statespowerinafr0000herb">States and power in Africa: comparative lessons in authority and control</a></i>. Princeton University Press, 2000. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/0-691-01028-5" title="Maxsus:BookSources/0-691-01028-5">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">0-691-01028-5</span></a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=States+and+power+in+Africa%3A+comparative+lessons+in+authority+and+control&rft.aulast=Herbst&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey+Ira&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press &rft.isbn=0-691-01028-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstatespowerinafr0000herb"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFrefHinks2007">Hinks, Peter<i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=_SeZrcBqt-YC">Encyclopedia of antislavery and abolition</a></i>. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2007. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-313-33143-5" title="Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-313-33143-5">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">978-0-313-33143-5</span></a>. Qaraldi: 1-avgust 2010-yil.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+antislavery+and+abolition&rft.aulast=Hinks&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group &rft.isbn=978-0-313-33143-5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3D_SeZrcBqt-YC"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFrefhodge472007">Hodge, Carl Cavanagh<i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=-hOkx7Gi4OoC">Encyclopedia of the Age of Imperialism, 1800–1914</a></i>. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2007. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/0-313-33404-8" title="Maxsus:BookSources/0-313-33404-8">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">0-313-33404-8</span></a>. Qaraldi: 22-iyul 2009-yil.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Age+of+Imperialism%2C+1800%E2%80%931914&rft.aulast=Hodge&rft.aufirst=Carl+Cavanagh&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group &rft.isbn=0-313-33404-8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3D-hOkx7Gi4OoC"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFrefHogg2008">Hogg, Richard<i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=U5FDi8WksqYC">A History of the English Language</a></i>. Cambridge University Press, 2008. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-521-66227-7" title="Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-521-66227-7">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">978-0-521-66227-7</span></a>. Qaraldi: 13-aprel 2010-yil.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+English+Language&rft.aulast=Hogg&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press &rft.isbn=978-0-521-66227-7&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DU5FDi8WksqYC"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFrefHollowell20022002">Hopkirk, Peter<i>. The Great Game: The Struggle for Empire in Central Asia</i>. Kodansha International, 2002. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/4-7700-1703-0" title="Maxsus:BookSources/4-7700-1703-0">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">4-7700-1703-0</span></a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+Game%3A+The+Struggle+for+Empire+in+Central+Asia&rft.aulast=Hopkirk&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.pub=Kodansha+International &rft.isbn=4-7700-1703-0"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFrefHopkirk19921992">Hollowell, Jonathan<i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=VxQxFMV_3IUC">Britain Since 1945</a></i>. Blackwell Publishing, 1992. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/0-631-20968-9" title="Maxsus:BookSources/0-631-20968-9">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">0-631-20968-9</span></a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Britain+Since+1945&rft.aulast=Hollowell&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft.pub=Blackwell+Publishing &rft.isbn=0-631-20968-9&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DVxQxFMV_3IUC"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFrefHyam20022002">Hyam, Ronald<i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=2eMoHQAACAAJ">Britain's Imperial Century, 1815–1914: A Study of Empire and Expansion</a></i>. Palgrave Macmillan, 2002. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-7134-3089-9" title="Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-7134-3089-9">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">978-0-7134-3089-9</span></a>. Qaraldi: 22-iyul 2009-yil.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Britain%27s+Imperial+Century%2C+1815%E2%80%931914%3A+A+Study+of+Empire+and+Expansion&rft.aulast=Hyam&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan &rft.isbn=978-0-7134-3089-9&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3D2eMoHQAACAAJ"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFrefJames20012001"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_James&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lawrence James (sahifa yaratilmagan)">James, Lawrence</a><i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=4DMS3r_BxOYC">The Rise and Fall of the British Empire</a></i>. Abacus, 2001. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-312-16985-5" title="Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-312-16985-5">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">978-0-312-16985-5</span></a>. Qaraldi: 22-iyul 2009-yil.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rise+and+Fall+of+the+British+Empire&rft.aulast=James&rft.aufirst=Lawrence&rft.pub=Abacus &rft.isbn=978-0-312-16985-5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3D4DMS3r_BxOYC"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFrefJanin19991999">Janin, Hunt<i>. The India–China opium trade in the nineteenth century</i>. McFarland, 1999. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/0-7864-0715-8" title="Maxsus:BookSources/0-7864-0715-8">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">0-7864-0715-8</span></a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+India%E2%80%93China+opium+trade+in+the+nineteenth+century&rft.aulast=Janin&rft.aufirst=Hunt&rft.pub=McFarland &rft.isbn=0-7864-0715-8"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFrefJoseph20102010">Joseph, William A.<i>. Politics in China</i>. Oxford University Press, 2010. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-19-533530-9" title="Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-19-533530-9">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">978-0-19-533530-9</span></a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Politics+in+China&rft.aulast=Joseph&rft.aufirst=William+A.&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press &rft.isbn=978-0-19-533530-9"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFrefKeay1991">Keay, John<i>. The Honourable Company</i>. Macmillan Publishing Company, 1991.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Honourable+Company&rft.aulast=Keay&rft.aufirst=John&rft.pub=Macmillan+Publishing+Company"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFrefKelley20102010">Kelley, Ninette; Trebilcock, Michael<i>. The Making of the Mosaic (2nd ed.)</i>. University of Toronto Press, 2010. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-8020-9536-7" title="Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-8020-9536-7">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">978-0-8020-9536-7</span></a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Making+of+the+Mosaic+%282nd+ed.%29&rft.aulast=Kelley&rft.aufirst=Ninette&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press &rft.isbn=978-0-8020-9536-7"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFrefKenny2006">Kenny, Kevin<i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=qhW7-vYt8PsC">Ireland and the British Empire</a></i>. Oxford University Press, 2006. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/0-19-925184-3" title="Maxsus:BookSources/0-19-925184-3">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">0-19-925184-3</span></a>. Qaraldi: 22-iyul 2009-yil.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ireland+and+the+British+Empire&rft.aulast=Kenny&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press &rft.isbn=0-19-925184-3&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DqhW7-vYt8PsC"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFrefKnight19891989">Knight, Franklin W.; Palmer, Colin A.<i>. The Modern Caribbean</i>. University of North Carolina Press, 1989. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/0-8078-1825-9" title="Maxsus:BookSources/0-8078-1825-9">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">0-8078-1825-9</span></a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Modern+Caribbean&rft.aulast=Knight&rft.aufirst=Franklin+W.&rft.pub=University+of+North+Carolina+Press &rft.isbn=0-8078-1825-9"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFrefLatimer2007"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jon_Latimer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jon Latimer (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Latimer, Jon</a><i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=wneIGAAACAAJ">War with America</a></i>. Harvard University Press, 2007. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/0-674-02584-9" title="Maxsus:BookSources/0-674-02584-9">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">0-674-02584-9</span></a>. Qaraldi: 22-iyul 2009-yil.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=War+with+America&rft.aulast=Latimer&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press &rft.isbn=0-674-02584-9&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DwneIGAAACAAJ"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFrefLee19941994">Lee, Stephen J.<i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/aspectsofbritish0000lees">Aspects of British political history, 1815–1914</a></i>. Routledge, 1994. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/0-415-09006-7" title="Maxsus:BookSources/0-415-09006-7">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">0-415-09006-7</span></a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aspects+of+British+political+history%2C+1815%E2%80%931914&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Stephen+J.&rft.pub=Routledge &rft.isbn=0-415-09006-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Faspectsofbritish0000lees"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFrefLee19961996">Lee, Stephen J.<i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/aspectsofbritish0000lees_r9x7">Aspects of British political history, 1914–1995</a></i>. Routledge, 1996. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/0-415-13102-2" title="Maxsus:BookSources/0-415-13102-2">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">0-415-13102-2</span></a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aspects+of+British+political+history%2C+1914%E2%80%931995&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Stephen+J.&rft.pub=Routledge &rft.isbn=0-415-13102-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Faspectsofbritish0000lees_r9x7"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFrefLevine2007">Levine, Philippa<i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=igb1-UL5Pd0C">The British Empire: Sunrise to Sunset</a></i>. Pearson Education Limited, 2007. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-582-47281-5" title="Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-582-47281-5">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">978-0-582-47281-5</span></a>. Qaraldi: 19-avgust 2010-yil.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+British+Empire%3A+Sunrise+to+Sunset&rft.aulast=Levine&rft.aufirst=Philippa&rft.pub=Pearson+Education+Limited &rft.isbn=978-0-582-47281-5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3Digb1-UL5Pd0C"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFrefLloyd19961996">Lloyd, Trevor Owen<i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=gIBgQgAACAAJ">The British Empire 1558–1995</a></i>. Oxford University Press, 1996. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/0-19-873134-5" title="Maxsus:BookSources/0-19-873134-5">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">0-19-873134-5</span></a>. Qaraldi: 22-iyul 2009-yil.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+British+Empire+1558%E2%80%931995&rft.aulast=Lloyd&rft.aufirst=Trevor+Owen&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press &rft.isbn=0-19-873134-5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DgIBgQgAACAAJ"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFrefLouis20062006">Louis, Wm. Roger<i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC">Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez and Decolonization</a></i>. I. B. Tauris, 2006. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/1-84511-347-0" title="Maxsus:BookSources/1-84511-347-0">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">1-84511-347-0</span></a>. Qaraldi: 22-iyul 2009-yil.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ends+of+British+Imperialism%3A+The+Scramble+for+Empire%2C+Suez+and+Decolonization&rft.aulast=Louis&rft.aufirst=Wm.+Roger&rft.pub=I.+B.+Tauris &rft.isbn=1-84511-347-0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DNQnpQNKeKKAC"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFrefMacaulay19791848"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Babington_Macaulay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Babington Macaulay (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Macaulay, Thomas</a><i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_History_of_England_from_the_Accession_of_James_the_Second&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The History of England from the Accession of James the Second (sahifa yaratilmagan)">The History of England from the Accession of James the Second</a></i>. Penguin, 1848. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/0-14-043133-0" title="Maxsus:BookSources/0-14-043133-0">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">0-14-043133-0</span></a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%5B%5BThe+History+of+England+from+the+Accession+of+James+the+Second%5D%5D&rft.aulast=Macaulay&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.pub=Penguin &rft.isbn=0-14-043133-0"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFrefMacdonald19941994">Macdonald, Barrie „Britain“, <i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/tidesofhistorypa0000unse">Tides of history: the Pacific Islands in the twentieth century</a></i> Howe, K.R.; Kiste, Robert C.; Lal, Brij V:<a href="/w/index.php?title=Andoza:Kitob_manbasi/editor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andoza:Kitob manbasi/editor (sahifa yaratilmagan)"> </a>. University of Hawaii Press, 1994. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/0-8248-1597-1" title="Maxsus:BookSources/0-8248-1597-1">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">0-8248-1597-1</span></a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tides+of+history%3A+the+Pacific+Islands+in+the+twentieth+century&rft.atitle=Britain&rft.aulast=Macdonald&rft.aufirst=Barrie&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press &rft.isbn=0-8248-1597-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftidesofhistorypa0000unse"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFrefMcIntyre1977">McIntyre, W. Donald<i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=EbojMikATQwC">The Commonwealth of Nations</a></i>. University of Minnesota Press, 1977. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/0-8166-0792-3" title="Maxsus:BookSources/0-8166-0792-3">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">0-8166-0792-3</span></a>. Qaraldi: 22-iyul 2009-yil.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Commonwealth+of+Nations&rft.aulast=McIntyre&rft.aufirst=W.+Donald&rft.pub=University+of+Minnesota+Press &rft.isbn=0-8166-0792-3&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DEbojMikATQwC"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFrefMcLean20012001">McLean, Iain<i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=_O_ADWrESYQC">Rational Choice and British Politics: An Analysis of Rhetoric and Manipulation from Peel to Blair</a></i>. Oxford University Press, 2001. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/0-19-829529-4" title="Maxsus:BookSources/0-19-829529-4">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">0-19-829529-4</span></a>. Qaraldi: 22-iyul 2009-yil.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rational+Choice+and+British+Politics%3A+An+Analysis+of+Rhetoric+and+Manipulation+from+Peel+to+Blair&rft.aulast=McLean&rft.aufirst=Iain&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press &rft.isbn=0-19-829529-4&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3D_O_ADWrESYQC"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFrefMaddison20012001">Maddison, Angus<i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=6D01BTuzScwC">The World Economy: A Millennial Perspective</a></i>. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/92-64-18654-9" title="Maxsus:BookSources/92-64-18654-9">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">92-64-18654-9</span></a>. Qaraldi: 22-iyul 2009-yil.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World+Economy%3A+A+Millennial+Perspective&rft.aulast=Maddison&rft.aufirst=Angus&rft.pub=Organisation+for+Economic+Co-operation+and+Development &rft.isbn=92-64-18654-9&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3D6D01BTuzScwC"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFrefMagee1974">Magee, John<i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=S5c9AAAAIAAJ">Northern Ireland: Crisis and Conflict</a></i>. Taylor & Francis, 1974. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/0-7100-7947-8" title="Maxsus:BookSources/0-7100-7947-8">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">0-7100-7947-8</span></a>. Qaraldi: 22-iyul 2009-yil.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Northern+Ireland%3A+Crisis+and+Conflict&rft.aulast=Magee&rft.aufirst=John&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis &rft.isbn=0-7100-7947-8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DS5c9AAAAIAAJ"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFrefMagnusson20032003">Magnusson, Magnus<i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=sEV4zgXOJLsC">Scotland: The Story of a Nation</a></i>. Grove Press, 2003. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/0-8021-3932-9" title="Maxsus:BookSources/0-8021-3932-9">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">0-8021-3932-9</span></a>. Qaraldi: 22-iyul 2009-yil.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Scotland%3A+The+Story+of+a+Nation&rft.aulast=Magnusson&rft.aufirst=Magnus&rft.pub=Grove+Press &rft.isbn=0-8021-3932-9&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DsEV4zgXOJLsC"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFrefOHBEv21998">Marshall, PJ<i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=G3_GI-K7aWAC">The Eighteenth Century, The Oxford History of the British Empire Volume II</a></i>. Oxford University Press, 1998. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/0-19-924677-7" title="Maxsus:BookSources/0-19-924677-7">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">0-19-924677-7</span></a>. Qaraldi: 22-iyul 2009-yil.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Eighteenth+Century%2C+The+Oxford+History+of+the+British+Empire+Volume+II&rft.aulast=Marshall&rft.aufirst=PJ&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press &rft.isbn=0-19-924677-7&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DG3_GI-K7aWAC"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFrefMarshall1996">Marshall, PJ<i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=S2EXN8JTwAEC">The Cambridge Illustrated History of the British Empire</a></i>. Cambridge University Press, 1996. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/0-521-00254-0" title="Maxsus:BookSources/0-521-00254-0">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">0-521-00254-0</span></a>. Qaraldi: 22-iyul 2009-yil.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Illustrated+History+of+the+British+Empire&rft.aulast=Marshall&rft.aufirst=PJ&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press &rft.isbn=0-521-00254-0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DS2EXN8JTwAEC"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFrefMartin20072007">Martin, Laura C<i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/teadrinkthatchan00unse">Tea: the drink that changed the world</a></i>. Tuttle Publishing, 2007. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/0-8048-3724-4" title="Maxsus:BookSources/0-8048-3724-4">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">0-8048-3724-4</span></a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tea%3A+the+drink+that+changed+the+world&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Laura+C&rft.pub=Tuttle+Publishing &rft.isbn=0-8048-3724-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fteadrinkthatchan00unse"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFrefMeinSmith2005">Mein Smith, Philippa<i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=wisr4OGPjwoC">A Concise History of New Zealand</a></i>. Cambridge University Press, 2005. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/0-521-54228-6" title="Maxsus:BookSources/0-521-54228-6">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">0-521-54228-6</span></a>. Qaraldi: 22-iyul 2009-yil.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Concise+History+of+New+Zealand&rft.aulast=Mein+Smith&rft.aufirst=Philippa&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press &rft.isbn=0-521-54228-6&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3Dwisr4OGPjwoC"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFrefMulligan20012001">Mulligan, Martin; Hill, Stuart<i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ecologicalpionee0000mull">Ecological pioneers</a></i>. Cambridge University Press, 2001. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/0-521-81103-1" title="Maxsus:BookSources/0-521-81103-1">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">0-521-81103-1</span></a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ecological+pioneers&rft.aulast=Mulligan&rft.aufirst=Martin%3B+Hill%2C+Stuart&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press &rft.isbn=0-521-81103-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fecologicalpionee0000mull"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFrefPagden20032003"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anthony_Pagden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anthony Pagden (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Pagden, Anthony</a><i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=-RCeAAAACAAJ">Peoples and Empires: A Short History of European Migration, Exploration, and Conquest, from Greece to the Present</a></i>. Modern Library, 2003. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/0-8129-6761-5" title="Maxsus:BookSources/0-8129-6761-5">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">0-8129-6761-5</span></a>. Qaraldi: 22-iyul 2009-yil.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Peoples+and+Empires%3A+A+Short+History+of+European+Migration%2C+Exploration%2C+and+Conquest%2C+from+Greece+to+the+Present&rft.aulast=Pagden&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft.pub=Modern+Library &rft.isbn=0-8129-6761-5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3D-RCeAAAACAAJ"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFrefParsons1999">Parsons, Timothy H<i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=81ZlzUsO8EYC">The British Imperial Century, 1815-1914: A World History Perspective</a></i>. Rowman & Littlefield, 1999. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/0-8476-8825-9" title="Maxsus:BookSources/0-8476-8825-9">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">0-8476-8825-9</span></a>. Qaraldi: 22-iyul 2009-yil.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+British+Imperial+Century%2C+1815-1914%3A+A+World+History+Perspective&rft.aulast=Parsons&rft.aufirst=Timothy+H&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield &rft.isbn=0-8476-8825-9&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3D81ZlzUsO8EYC"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFrefOBrien2004">Payson O'Brien, Phillips<i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=LNbDqOzSvpkC">The Anglo–Japanese Alliance, 1902–1922</a></i>. Routledge, 2004. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/0-415-32611-7" title="Maxsus:BookSources/0-415-32611-7">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">0-415-32611-7</span></a>. Qaraldi: 22-iyul 2009-yil.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Anglo%E2%80%93Japanese+Alliance%2C+1902%E2%80%931922&rft.aulast=Payson+O%27Brien&rft.aufirst=Phillips&rft.pub=Routledge &rft.isbn=0-415-32611-7&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DLNbDqOzSvpkC"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFrefPeters20062006">Peters, Nonja<i>. The Dutch down under, 1606–2006</i>. University of Western Australia Press, 2006. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/1-920694-75-7" title="Maxsus:BookSources/1-920694-75-7">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">1-920694-75-7</span></a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dutch+down+under%2C+1606%E2%80%932006&rft.aulast=Peters&rft.aufirst=Nonja&rft.pub=University+of+Western+Australia+Press &rft.isbn=1-920694-75-7"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFrefOHBEv31998">Porter, Andrew<i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=oo3F2X8IDeEC">The Nineteenth Century, The Oxford History of the British Empire Volume III</a></i>. Oxford University Press, 1998. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/0-19-924678-5" title="Maxsus:BookSources/0-19-924678-5">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">0-19-924678-5</span></a>. Qaraldi: 22-iyul 2009-yil.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Nineteenth+Century%2C+The+Oxford+History+of+the+British+Empire+Volume+III&rft.aulast=Porter&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press &rft.isbn=0-19-924678-5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3Doo3F2X8IDeEC"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFrefRhodes20092009">Rhodes, R.A.W.; Wanna, John; Weller, Patrick<i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/comparingwestmin00unse">Comparing Westminster</a></i>. Oxford University Press, 2009. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-19-956349-4" title="Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-19-956349-4">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">978-0-19-956349-4</span></a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Comparing+Westminster&rft.aulast=Rhodes&rft.aufirst=R.A.W.&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press &rft.isbn=978-0-19-956349-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcomparingwestmin00unse"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFrefRothermund20062006">Rothermund, Dietmar<i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/routledgecompani0000roth">The Routledge companion to decolonization</a></i>. Routledge, 2006. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/0-415-35632-6" title="Maxsus:BookSources/0-415-35632-6">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">0-415-35632-6</span></a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Routledge+companion+to+decolonization&rft.aulast=Rothermund&rft.aufirst=Dietmar&rft.pub=Routledge &rft.isbn=0-415-35632-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Froutledgecompani0000roth"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFrefRoyle20002000">Royle, Trevor<i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=MrBnHQAACAAJ">Crimea: The Great Crimean War, 1854–1856</a></i>. Palgrave Macmillan, 2000. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/1-4039-6416-5" title="Maxsus:BookSources/1-4039-6416-5">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">1-4039-6416-5</span></a>. Qaraldi: 22-iyul 2009-yil.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Crimea%3A+The+Great+Crimean+War%2C+1854%E2%80%931856&rft.aulast=Royle&rft.aufirst=Trevor&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan &rft.isbn=1-4039-6416-5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DMrBnHQAACAAJ"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFrefShennan19951995">Shennan, J.H<i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/internationalrel0000shen">International relations in Europe, 1689–1789</a></i>. Routledge, 1995. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/0-415-07780-X" title="Maxsus:BookSources/0-415-07780-X">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">0-415-07780-X</span></a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+relations+in+Europe%2C+1689%E2%80%931789&rft.aulast=Shennan&rft.aufirst=J.H&rft.pub=Routledge &rft.isbn=0-415-07780-X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Finternationalrel0000shen"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFrefSmith19981998">Smith, Simon<i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=D0BbYZPczhQC">British Imperialism 1750–1970</a></i>. Cambridge University Press, 1998. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/978-3-12-580640-5" title="Maxsus:BookSources/978-3-12-580640-5">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">978-3-12-580640-5</span></a>. Qaraldi: 22-iyul 2009-yil.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+Imperialism+1750%E2%80%931970&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press &rft.isbn=978-3-12-580640-5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DD0BbYZPczhQC"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFrefSpringhall20012001">Springhall, John<i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/decolonizationsi00john">Decolonization since 1945: the collapse of European overseas empires</a></i>. Palgrave, 2001. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/0-333-74600-7" title="Maxsus:BookSources/0-333-74600-7">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">0-333-74600-7</span></a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Decolonization+since+1945%3A+the+collapse+of+European+overseas+empires&rft.aulast=Springhall&rft.aufirst=John&rft.pub=Palgrave &rft.isbn=0-333-74600-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdecolonizationsi00john"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFrefTaylor20012001"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Taylor_(historian)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alan Taylor (historian) (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Taylor, Alan</a><i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=SOqfIAAACAAJ">American Colonies, The Settling of North America</a></i>. Penguin, 2001. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/0-14-200210-0" title="Maxsus:BookSources/0-14-200210-0">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">0-14-200210-0</span></a>. Qaraldi: 22-iyul 2009-yil.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Colonies%2C+The+Settling+of+North+America&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft.pub=Penguin &rft.isbn=0-14-200210-0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DSOqfIAAACAAJ"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFrefThatcher1993"><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Thatcher, Margaret</a><i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=Ar0Yvc3-ukAC">The Downing Street Years</a></i>. Harper Collins, 1993. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/0-06-017056-5" title="Maxsus:BookSources/0-06-017056-5">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">0-06-017056-5</span></a>. Qaraldi: 22-iyul 2009-yil.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Downing+Street+Years&rft.aulast=Thatcher&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rft.pub=Harper+Collins &rft.isbn=0-06-017056-5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DAr0Yvc3-ukAC"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFrefThomas1997"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_Thomas_(writer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hugh Thomas (writer) (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Thomas, Hugh</a><i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=mRFTZ3iz_ncC">The Slave Trade: The History of The Atlantic Slave Trade</a></i>. Picador, Phoenix/Orion, 1997. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/0-7538-2056-0" title="Maxsus:BookSources/0-7538-2056-0">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">0-7538-2056-0</span></a>. Qaraldi: 22-iyul 2009-yil.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Slave+Trade%3A+The+History+of+The+Atlantic+Slave+Trade&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rft.pub=Picador%2C+Phoenix%2FOrion &rft.isbn=0-7538-2056-0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DmRFTZ3iz_ncC"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFrefTilby20092009"><a href="/w/index.php?title=A._Wyatt_Tilby&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A. Wyatt Tilby (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Tilby, A. Wyatt</a><i>. British India 1600–1828</i>. BiblioLife, 2009. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/978-1-113-14290-0" title="Maxsus:BookSources/978-1-113-14290-0">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">978-1-113-14290-0</span></a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+India+1600%E2%80%931828&rft.aulast=Tilby&rft.aufirst=A.+Wyatt&rft.pub=BiblioLife &rft.isbn=978-1-113-14290-0"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFrefTorkildsen20052005">Torkildsen, George<i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/leisurerecreatio0000tork">Leisure and recreation management</a></i>. Routledge, 2005. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-415-30995-0" title="Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-415-30995-0">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">978-0-415-30995-0</span></a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Leisure+and+recreation+management&rft.aulast=Torkildsen&rft.aufirst=George&rft.pub=Routledge &rft.isbn=978-0-415-30995-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fleisurerecreatio0000tork"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFrefTurpin20072007">Turpin, Colin; Tomkins, Adam<i>. British government and the constitution (6th ed.)</i>. Cambridge University Press, 2007. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-521-69029-4" title="Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-521-69029-4">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">978-0-521-69029-4</span></a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+government+and+the+constitution+%286th+ed.%29&rft.aulast=Turpin&rft.aufirst=Colin&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press &rft.isbn=978-0-521-69029-4"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFrefVandervort19981998">Vandervort, Bruce<i>. Wars of imperial conquest in Africa, 1830–1914</i>. University College London Press, 1998. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/1-85728-486-0" title="Maxsus:BookSources/1-85728-486-0">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">1-85728-486-0</span></a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wars+of+imperial+conquest+in+Africa%2C+1830%E2%80%931914&rft.aulast=Vandervort&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rft.pub=University+College+London+Press &rft.isbn=1-85728-486-0"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFrefZolberg20062006">Zolberg, Aristide R<i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/nationbydesignim0000zolb">A nation by design: immigration policy in the fashioning of America</a></i>. Russell Sage, 2006. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/0-674-02218-1" title="Maxsus:BookSources/0-674-02218-1">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">0-674-02218-1</span></a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+nation+by+design%3A+immigration+policy+in+the+fashioning+of+America&rft.aulast=Zolberg&rft.aufirst=Aristide+R&rft.pub=Russell+Sage &rft.isbn=0-674-02218-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnationbydesignim0000zolb"> </span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Havolalar">Havolalar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Britaniya_imperiyasi&veaction=edit&section=31" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Havolalar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Britaniya_imperiyasi&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section's source code: Havolalar"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ualberta.ca/~janes/EMPIRE.html">The British Empire. An Internet Gateway</a> <sup><span title="inglizcha" style="font-size:90%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:var(--color-progressive, #36c);">(ingl.)</span></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britishempire.co.uk/">The British Empire</a> <sup><span title="inglizcha" style="font-size:90%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:var(--color-progressive, #36c);">(ingl.)</span></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.engelsklenker.com/british_empire_history_resource.php">The British Empire audio resources at TheEnglishCollection.com</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Archive.is&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Archive.is (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Archive.is</a> saytida 2012-12-05 sanasida <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121205003208/http://www.engelsklenker.com/british_empire_history_resource.php">arxivlangan</a>) <sup><span title="inglizcha" style="font-size:90%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:var(--color-progressive, #36c);">(ingl.)</span></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zamin.uz/oz/world/422-buyuk-britaniya-xviii-asrdagi-arzlarini-taratishga-aror-ildi.html">Buyuk Britaniya XVIII asrdagi qarzlarini tarqatishga qaror qildi</a> <sup><span title="oʻzbekcha" style="font-size:90%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:var(--color-progressive, #36c);">(oʻzb.)</span></sup></li></ul> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3736686">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}</style><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/H_in_a_Circle.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/X_in_a_Circle.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">   Bu maqolada „<b>h</b>“ va „<b>x</b>“ harflari notoʻgʻri qoʻllanilgan. Iltimos, bu xatolarni tuzatib, maqolaning sifatini oshirishga yordam bering. <p>   Buning uchun quyidagi imlo lugʻatidan foydalanishingiz mumkin: </p> <dl><dd><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://n.ziyouz.com/books/lugatlar/X%20mi%20H%20(qisqacha%20imlo%20lug'ati).pdf">„X mi H?“ (Toshkent, 2010)</a></li></ul></dd></dl></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3736688">.mw-parser-output .fmbox{clear:both;margin:0.2em 0;width:100%;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:#f8f9fa;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .fmbox-warning{border:1px solid #bb7070;background-color:#ffdbdb}.mw-parser-output .fmbox-editnotice{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .fmbox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .fmbox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .fmbox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .fmbox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}</style></p><table class="plainlinks fmbox fmbox-system" role="presentation" style="border: 1px dashed #f4c430; width: 65%; margin: auto;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Enciklopedia_stub.png/40px-Enciklopedia_stub.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Enciklopedia_stub.png/60px-Enciklopedia_stub.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Enciklopedia_stub.png/80px-Enciklopedia_stub.png 2x" data-file-width="490" data-file-height="538" /></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text" style="font-style: italic;">Ushbu maqolada <a href="/wiki/O%CA%BBzbekiston_milliy_ensiklopediyasi" title="Oʻzbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi">Oʻzbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi</a> (2000-2005) maʼlumotlaridan foydalanilgan.</td></tr></tbody></table><p><br /></p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""><pre>"<a dir="ltr" href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Britaniya_imperiyasi&oldid=5230562">https://uz.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Britaniya_imperiyasi&oldid=5230562</a>" dan olindi </pre></div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Maxsus:Categories" title="Maxsus:Categories">Turkum</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkum:1497-yilda_paydo_bo%CA%BBlganlar" title="Turkum:1497-yilda paydo boʻlganlar">1497-yilda paydo boʻlganlar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Turkum:%E2%80%9EH%E2%80%9C_va_%E2%80%9EX%E2%80%9C_harflari_noto%CA%BBg%CA%BBri_qo%CA%BBllanilgan_maqolalar" title="Turkum:„H“ va „X“ harflari notoʻgʻri qoʻllanilgan maqolalar">„H“ va „X“ harflari notoʻgʻri qoʻllanilgan maqolalar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Turkum:Imperiyalar" title="Turkum:Imperiyalar">Imperiyalar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Turkum:Xristian_davlatlari" title="Turkum:Xristian davlatlari">Xristian davlatlari</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Yashirin turkum: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkum:Webarxiv_andozasi_archiveis_havolalari" title="Turkum:Webarxiv andozasi archiveis havolalari">Webarxiv andozasi archiveis havolalari</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Turkum:Tanlangan_maqolalar" title="Turkum:Tanlangan maqolalar">Tanlangan maqolalar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Turkum:O%CA%BBzbekiston_milliy_ensiklopediyasi_maqolalari" title="Turkum:Oʻzbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi maqolalari">Oʻzbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi maqolalari</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li 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