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Бауыр — Википедия

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accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Эҙләү</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Википедия эсендә эҙләү" aria-label="Википедия эсендә эҙләү" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Википедия эсендә эҙләү [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Махсус:Эҙләү"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Эҙләргә</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Шәхси ҡоралдар"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Уҡыу көйләүҙәре"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Измените внешний вид страницы, размер, ширину и цвет шрифта." > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Уҡыу көйләүҙәре" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Уҡыу көйләүҙәре</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=spontaneous&amp;uselang=ba" class=""><span>Иғәнә</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%98%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF_%D1%8F%D2%99%D1%8B%D1%83%D1%8B_%D1%8F%D2%BB%D0%B0%D1%83&amp;returnto=%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%80" title="Мотлаҡ булмаһа ла, иҫәп яҙмаһы төҙөргә һәм системала танылырға тәҡдим итәбеҙ" class=""><span>Теркәлеү</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%83&amp;returnto=%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%80" title="Бында теркәлеү үтергә була, әммә мотлаҡ түгел [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Танылыу</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Күберәк мөмкинлектәр" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Шәхси ҡоралдар" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Шәхси ҡоралдар</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Ҡатнашыусы менюһы" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=spontaneous&amp;uselang=ba"><span>Иғәнә</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%98%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF_%D1%8F%D2%99%D1%8B%D1%83%D1%8B_%D1%8F%D2%BB%D0%B0%D1%83&amp;returnto=%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%80" title="Мотлаҡ булмаһа ла, иҫәп яҙмаһы төҙөргә һәм системала танылырға тәҡдим итәбеҙ"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Теркәлеү</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%83&amp;returnto=%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%80" title="Бында теркәлеү үтергә була, әммә мотлаҡ түгел [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Танылыу</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Танылмаған мөхәррирҙәр өсөн бит <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A0%D3%99%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D2%99" aria-label="Мөхәррирләү тураһында ентеклерәк"><span>Күберәк белергә</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D3%A8%D0%BB%D3%A9%D1%88%D3%A9%D0%BC" title="Был IP-адрестан яһалған төҙәтеүҙәр [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Өлөш</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D3%98%D2%A3%D0%B3%D3%99%D0%BC%D3%99_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="IP-адресығыҙ өсөн фекер алышыу бите [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Фекер алышыу</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var node=document.getElementById("mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace");if(node){node.outerHTML="\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-close\"\u003E[\u003Ca tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"\u003Eйәшерергә\u003C/a\u003E]\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-body\"\u003E\u003C!-- CentralNotice --\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\"localNotice\" data-nosnippet=\"\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"sitenotice\" lang=\"ba\" 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vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ҡабырға панеленә күсерергә</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">йәшерергә</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Башы</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Сифатлама" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Сифатлама"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Сифатлама</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Сифатлама-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Сифатлама бүлеген күрһәтергә/йәшерергә</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Сифатлама-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Бауырҙың_гистолик_төҙөлөшө" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Бауырҙың_гистолик_төҙөлөшө"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Бауырҙың гистолик төҙөлөшө</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Бауырҙың_гистолик_төҙөлөшө-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Функциялары" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Функциялары"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Функциялары</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Функциялары-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Бауырҙың_ҡан_менән_тәьмин_итеү_үҙенсәлектәре" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Бауырҙың_ҡан_менән_тәьмин_итеү_үҙенсәлектәре"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Бауырҙың ҡан менән тәьмин итеү үҙенсәлектәре</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Бауырҙың_ҡан_менән_тәьмин_итеү_үҙенсәлектәре-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Токсиндарҙы_зарарһыҙлардырыу_механизмы" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Токсиндарҙы_зарарһыҙлардырыу_механизмы"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Токсиндарҙы зарарһыҙлардырыу механизмы</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Токсиндарҙы_зарарһыҙлардырыу_механизмы-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Бауыр_ауырыуҙары" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Бауыр_ауырыуҙары"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Бауыр ауырыуҙары</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Бауыр_ауырыуҙары-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Һылтанмалар" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Һылтанмалар"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Һылтанмалар</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Һылтанмалар-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Иҫкәрмәләр" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Иҫкәрмәләр"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Иҫкәрмәләр</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Иҫкәрмәләр-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Сығанаҡтар" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Сығанаҡтар"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Сығанаҡтар</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Сығанаҡтар-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Йөкмәткеһе" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Йөкмәткене күрһәтергә/йәшерергә" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Йөкмәткене күрһәтергә/йәшерергә</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Бауыр</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Икенсе телдәге мәҡәләгә күсегеҙ. 176 телдә уҡырға була" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-176" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">176 тел</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewer" title="Lewer — африкаанс" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Lewer" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="африкаанс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leber" title="Leber — швейцарский немецкий" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Leber" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="швейцарский немецкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%89%E1%89%A0%E1%89%B5" title="ጉበት — амхарский" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ጉበት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="амхарский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Figado" title="Figado — арагонский" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Figado" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="арагонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lifere" title="Lifere — староанглийский" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Lifere" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="староанглийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A8%D8%AF" title="كبد — арабский" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كبد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арабский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%9F%DC%92%DC%95%DC%90" title="ܟܒܕܐ — арамейский" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܟܒܕܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="арамейский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A8%D8%AF" title="كبد — Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كبد" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%83%E0%A7%8E" title="যকৃৎ — ассамский" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="যকৃৎ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="ассамский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9gadu" title="Fégadu — астурийский" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Fégadu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="астурийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oskon" title="Oskon — атикамек" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Oskon" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="атикамек" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%80%D1%83%D0%BB" title="ТӀул — аварский" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="ТӀул" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="аварский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%27iwcha" title="K&#039;iwcha — аймара" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="K&#039;iwcha" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="аймара" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qaraciy%C9%99r" title="Qaraciyər — азербайджанский" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qaraciyər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="азербайджанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%BA%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="باغیر — South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="باغیر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeknas" title="Jeknas — Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Jeknas" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katoy" title="Katoy — Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Katoy" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bdr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bdr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atay" title="Atay — West Coast Bajau" lang="bdr" hreflang="bdr" data-title="Atay" data-language-autonym="Bajau Sama" data-language-local-name="West Coast Bajau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bajau Sama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Печань — белорусский" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Печань" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="белорусский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Печань — белорусский (тарашкевица)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Печань" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="белорусский (тарашкевица)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ati" title="Ati — Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Ati" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1" title="Черен дроб — болгарский" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Черен дроб" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="болгарский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%83%E0%A7%8E" title="যকৃৎ — бенгальский" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="যকৃৎ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бенгальский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%86%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BC%8D" title="མཆེར་པ། — тибетский" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="མཆེར་པ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="тибетский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avu" title="Avu — бретонский" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Avu" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="бретонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jetra" title="Jetra — боснийский" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Jetra" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="боснийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B3%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Эльгэн — бурятский" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Эльгэн" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="бурятский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fetge" title="Fetge — каталанский" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Fetge" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C4%83ng-c%C3%A2ung" title="Găng-câung — Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Găng-câung" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D3%80%D0%B0%D1%85" title="ДоӀах — чеченский" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="ДоӀах" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="чеченский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atay_(anatomiya)" title="Atay (anatomiya) — себуано" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Atay (anatomiya)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="себуано" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%95%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="جەرگ — центральнокурдский" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="جەرگ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="центральнокурдский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A1tra" title="Játra — чешский" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Játra" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чешский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%C4%95%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Пĕвер — чувашский" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Пĕвер" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="чувашский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afu" title="Afu — валлийский" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Afu" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="валлийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lever" title="Lever — датский" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Lever" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="датский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leber" title="Leber — немецкий" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Leber" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="немецкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kezebe" title="Kezebe — Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Kezebe" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%8A%DE%AA%DE%83%DE%A6%DE%89%DE%AD" title="ފުރަމޭ — мальдивский" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ފުރަމޭ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="мальдивский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%89%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%81" title="Ήπαρ — греческий" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ήπαρ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="греческий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9gghet" title="Fégghet — Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Fégghet" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liver" title="Liver — английский" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Liver" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="английский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepato" title="Hepato — эсперанто" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Hepato" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="эсперанто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%ADgado" title="Hígado — испанский" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hígado" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maks" title="Maks — эстонский" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Maks" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="эстонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibel" title="Gibel — баскский" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gibel" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баскский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A8%D8%AF" title="کبد — персидский" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کبد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="персидский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maksa" title="Maksa — финский" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Maksa" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="финский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yate" title="Yate — фиджи" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Yate" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="фиджи" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foie" title="Foie — французский" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Foie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="французский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ae" title="Ae — ирландский" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ae" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ирландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fwa" title="Fwa — Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Fwa" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%B9than" title="Grùthan — гэльский" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Grùthan" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="гэльский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ADgado" title="Fígado — галисийский" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Fígado" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галисийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dgado" title="Ígado — гуарани" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ígado" data-language-autonym="Avañe&#039;ẽ" data-language-local-name="гуарани" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B4n-chh%C3%B3ng" title="Kôn-chhóng — хакка" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kôn-chhóng" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="хакка" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%91%D7%93" title="כבד — иврит" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כבד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="иврит" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4" title="यकृत — хинди" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="यकृत" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="хинди" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kareja" title="Kareja — Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Kareja" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jetra" title="Jetra — хорватский" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Jetra" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хорватский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fwa_(%C3%B2gan)" title="Fwa (ògan) — гаитянский" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Fwa (ògan)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="гаитянский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1j" title="Máj — венгерский" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Máj" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="венгерский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%B5%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A4" title="Լյարդ — армянский" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լյարդ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="армянский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%A5%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A4" title="Լեարդ — западноармянский" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Լեարդ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="западноармянский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ficato" title="Ficato — интерлингва" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Ficato" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="интерлингва" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hati" title="Hati — индонезийский" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hati" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонезийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalem" title="Dalem — илоко" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Dalem" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="илоко" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepato" title="Hepato — идо" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Hepato" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="идо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lifur" title="Lifur — исландский" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Lifur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="исландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fegato" title="Fegato — итальянский" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fegato" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="итальянский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%82%9D%E8%87%93" title="肝臓 — японский" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="肝臓" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="японский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ati" title="Ati — яванский" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Ati" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="яванский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A6%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%AB%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ღვიძლი — грузинский" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ღვიძლი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="грузинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C9%94y%C9%9B" title="Hɔyɛ — Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Hɔyɛ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hati" title="Hati — Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Hati" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%80_(%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD)" title="Бауыр (орган) — казахский" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Бауыр (орган)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="казахский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%90%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%98" title="ថ្លើម — кхмерский" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ថ្លើម" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="кхмерский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%83%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%81" title="ಯಕೃತ್ತು — каннада" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಯಕೃತ್ತು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="каннада" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B0%84" title="간 — корейский" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="간" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корейский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%9B%DB%8C%D9%9A%DB%81%D9%86%DB%81%D9%95_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="کرٛیٚہنہٕ ماز — кашмири" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="کرٛیٚہنہٕ ماز" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="кашмири" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kezeb" title="Kezeb — курдский" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Kezeb" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="курдский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avi" title="Avi — корнский" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Avi" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="корнский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Боор — киргизский" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Боор" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="киргизский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iecur" title="Iecur — латинский" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Iecur" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="латинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liewer" title="Liewer — люксембургский" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Liewer" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="люксембургский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D3%80" title="ТтиликӀ — лакский" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="ТтиликӀ" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="лакский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%8C_(%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Лекь (анатомия) — лезгинский" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Лекь (анатомия)" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="лезгинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Figato" title="Figato — Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Figato" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laever" title="Laever — лимбургский" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Laever" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="лимбургский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fui%C3%A0_fosch" title="Fuià fosch — Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Fuià fosch" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fidegh" title="Fidegh — Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Fidegh" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libale" title="Libale — лингала" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Libale" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="лингала" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%9A" title="ຕັບ — лаосский" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ຕັບ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="лаосский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepenys" title="Kepenys — литовский" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kepenys" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литовский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aknas" title="Aknas — латышский" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Aknas" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латышский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aty" title="Aty — малагасийский" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Aty" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="малагасийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%88" title="Мокш — луговомарийский" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Мокш" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="луговомарийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%80%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1" title="Црн дроб — македонский" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Црн дроб" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="македонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%BE" title="കരൾ — малаялам" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കരൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="малаялам" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%B3" title="Элэг — монгольский" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Элэг" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="монгольский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%9A%EA%AF%94" title="ꯂꯤꯚꯔ — манипурский" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯂꯤꯚꯔ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="манипурский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4" title="यकृत — маратхи" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="यकृत" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="маратхи" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hati" title="Hati — малайский" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Hati" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малайский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fwied" title="Fwied — мальтийский" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Fwied" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="мальтийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%9E%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="အသည်း — бирманский" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အသည်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="бирманский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BE" title="Максо — эрзянский" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Максо" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="эрзянский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%92ltapachtli" title="Ēltapachtli — Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Ēltapachtli" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebber" title="Lebber — нижненемецкий" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Lebber" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="нижненемецкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B" title="कलेजो — непальский" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="कलेजो" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="непальский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82" title="सें — неварский" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="सें" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="неварский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lever" title="Lever — нидерландский" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lever" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="нидерландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lever" title="Lever — нюнорск" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Lever" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="нюнорск" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lever" title="Lever — норвежский букмол" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Lever" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвежский букмол" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fetge" title="Fetge — окситанский" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Fetge" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="окситанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiruu" title="Tiruu — оромо" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Tiruu" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="оромо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AF%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%83%E0%AC%A4" title="ଯକୃତ — ория" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଯକୃତ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="ория" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B3%C3%A6%D1%80" title="Игæр — осетинский" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Игæр" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="осетинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BE" title="ਕਾਲਜਾ — панджаби" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕਾਲਜਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="панджаби" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altey" title="Altey — пангасинан" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Altey" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="пангасинан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ate" title="Ate — пампанга" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Ate" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="пампанга" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C4%85troba" title="Wątroba — польский" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wątroba" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="польский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AC%D8%A7" title="کلیجا — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کلیجا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%87" title="اينه — пушту" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اينه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="пушту" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ADgado" title="Fígado — португальский" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Fígado" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португальский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kukupin" title="Kukupin — кечуа" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Kukupin" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="кечуа" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ficat" title="Ficat — румынский" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ficat" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румынский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hicatu" title="Hicatu — арумынский" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Hicatu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="арумынский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Печень — русский" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Печень" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="русский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Печунка — русинский" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Печунка" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="русинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D" title="यकृत् — санскрит" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="यकृत्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="санскрит" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8B%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Быар — саха" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Быар" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="саха" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B1" title="ᱤᱱ — сантали" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱤᱱ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="сантали" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Figadu" title="Figadu — сардинский" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Figadu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="сардинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ACcatu" title="Fìcatu — сицилийский" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Fìcatu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="сицилийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liver" title="Liver — шотландский" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Liver" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="шотландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88" title="جيرو — синдхи" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="جيرو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="синдхи" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jetra" title="Jetra — сербскохорватский" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Jetra" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="сербскохорватский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasa" title="Tasa — ташельхит" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tasa" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="ташельхит" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="අක්මාව — сингальский" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="අක්මාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="сингальский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liver" title="Liver — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Liver" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pe%C4%8De%C5%88" title="Pečeň — словацкий" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Pečeň" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словацкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jetra" title="Jetra — словенский" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Jetra" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словенский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chitaka" title="Chitaka — шона" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Chitaka" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="шона" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beer_(xubin)" title="Beer (xubin) — сомали" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Beer (xubin)" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="сомали" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%ABl%C3%A7ia" title="Mëlçia — албанский" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Mëlçia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="албанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Јетра — сербский" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Јетра" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="сербский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ati" title="Ati — сунданский" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Ati" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="сунданский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lever" title="Lever — шведский" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Lever" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="шведский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ini" title="Ini — суахили" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ini" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="суахили" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/atay" title="atay — Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="atay" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="கல்லீரல் — тамильский" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கல்லீரல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамильский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="కాలేయం — телугу" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కాలేయం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="телугу" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B6%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Ҷигар — таджикский" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҷигар" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="таджикский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A" title="ตับ — тайский" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ตับ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тайский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagyr" title="Bagyr — туркменский" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Bagyr" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="туркменский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atay" title="Atay — тагалог" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Atay" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="тагалог" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karaci%C4%9Fer" title="Karaciğer — турецкий" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Karaciğer" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="турецкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%80" title="Бавыр — татарский" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Бавыр" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="татарский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%89%DA%AF%DB%95%D8%B1" title="جىگەر — уйгурский" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="جىگەر" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="уйгурский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Печінка — украинский" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Печінка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DA%AF%D8%B1" title="جگر — урду" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جگر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="урду" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jigar" title="Jigar — узбекский" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Jigar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="узбекский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fig%C3%A0" title="Figà — Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Figà" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gan" title="Gan — вьетнамский" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Gan" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="вьетнамский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foad" title="Foad — волапюк" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Foad" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="волапюк" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foete" title="Foete — валлонский" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Foete" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="валлонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atay" title="Atay — варай" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Atay" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="варай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%82%9D%E8%84%8F" title="肝脏 — у" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="肝脏" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="у" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isibindi" title="Isibindi — коса" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Isibindi" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="коса" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A9%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A9%E1%83%AE%E1%83%98" title="ჩხონჩხი — мегрельский" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჩხონჩხი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="мегрельский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="לעבער — идиш" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="לעבער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="идиш" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daep" title="Daep — чжуань" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Daep" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="чжуань" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%99%E2%B4%B0" title="ⵜⴰⵙⴰ — тамазигхтский" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⴰⵙⴰ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="тамазигхтский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%82%9D%E8%87%9F" title="肝臟 — китайский" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="肝臟" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="китайский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koa%E2%81%BF" title="Koaⁿ — миньнань" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Koaⁿ" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="миньнань" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%82%9D" title="肝 — кантонский" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="肝" data-language-autonym="粵語" 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class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Ҡоралдар</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">ҡабырға панеленә күсерергә</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">йәшерергә</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Күберәк мөмкинлектәр" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ғәмәлдәр </div> <div 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Дөйөм </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%91%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D2%BB%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%80" title="Был биткә һылтанған барлыҡ биттәрҙең исемлеге [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Был биткә һылтанмалар</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%91%D3%99%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D2%AF%D2%99%D0%B3%D3%99%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D2%AF%D2%99%D3%99%D1%80/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%80" rel="nofollow" title="Был бит һылтанған биттәрҙәге һуңғы үҙгәртеүҙәр [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Бәйле үҙгәртеүҙәр</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%82%D3%99%D1%80" title="Барлыҡ махсус биттәр исемлеге [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Махсус биттәр</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%80&amp;oldid=1253510" title="Биттең был өлгөһөнә даими һылтанма"><span>Даими һылтанма</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%80&amp;action=info" title="Был бит тураһында ентекләберәк"><span>Бит мәғлүмәттәре</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0&amp;page=%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%80&amp;id=1253510&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Был биттән нисек өҙөмтә яһау тураһында мәғлүмәт"><span>Биттән өҙөмтә яһарға</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a 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href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%80&amp;action=show-download-screen"><span>PDF форматында йөкләү</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%80&amp;printable=yes" title="Биттең ҡағыҙға баҫтырыу өсөн өлгөһө [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Баҫтырыу өлгөһө</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Башҡа проекттарҙа </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Liver" hreflang="en"><span>Викимилек</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9368" title="Мәғлүмәт һаҡлағысына бәйле элементҡа һылтанма [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Викимәғлүмәт элементы</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Ҡоралдар"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Уҡыу көйләүҙәре"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Уҡыу көйләүҙәре</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">ҡабырға панеленә күсерергә</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">йәшерергә</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Википедия — ирекле энциклопедия мәғлүмәте</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ba" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Anatomy_of_liver_and_gall_bladder.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Anatomy_of_liver_and_gall_bladder.png/250px-Anatomy_of_liver_and_gall_bladder.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Anatomy_of_liver_and_gall_bladder.png/375px-Anatomy_of_liver_and_gall_bladder.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Anatomy_of_liver_and_gall_bladder.png/500px-Anatomy_of_liver_and_gall_bladder.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>Кеше бауыры</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Бауыр</b> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Латин теле">лат.</a>&#160;<i><span lang="la">jecur, jecor, hepar</span></i>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D2%93%D0%BE_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Боронғо грек теле (был бит юҡ)">бор. грек.</a>&#160;<i><span lang="grc">ἧπαρ</span></i>)&#160;— <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%82%D2%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Умыртҡалылар">умыртҡалылар</a> организмында үт бүлеп сығарыу, матдәләр алмашыныу һәм башҡа ҡайһы бер процесстарҙы башҡара торған эске ағза. Бауыр диафрагма аҫтында, ашҡаҙандың уң яғында урынлашҡан. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Сифатлама"><span id=".D0.A1.D0.B8.D1.84.D0.B0.D1.82.D0.BB.D0.B0.D0.BC.D0.B0"></span>Сифатлама</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%80&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Сифатлама бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%80&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Сифатлама бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ашалған аҙыҡты эшкәртеүҙә бауыр ифрат ҙур роль уйнай. Ул нәҙек эсәккә үҙенсәлекле шыйыҡса&#160;— аҙыҡты эшкәртеү өсөн бик тә кәрәкле булған үт бүлеп сығара. Уның үт юлдары нескә эсәктең беренсе элмәгенә асыла, ҡорһаҡ ярыһының йыйырсаһында урынлашҡан. Бауыр&#160;— иң ауыр эске ағза. Уның ауырлығы уртаса 1,5&#160;кг тәшкил итә. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Abdomal_organs.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Abdomal_organs.svg/250px-Abdomal_organs.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="246" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Abdomal_organs.svg/375px-Abdomal_organs.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Abdomal_organs.svg/500px-Abdomal_organs.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="577" data-file-height="567" /></a><figcaption>Кешенең төп эске ағзалары, алдан күренеш. №&#160;4&#160;— бауыр</figcaption></figure> <p>Бауыр ике өлөштән тора: уң һәм һул. Уң өлөш тағы ике икенсел өлөшкә (квадрат һәм ҡойроҡло) бүленә. Клод Киуно (1957) тәҡдим иткән хәҙерге сегментлы схема буйынса бауыр, уң һәм һул өлөштәрҙе барлыҡҡа килтергән, һигеҙ сегментҡа бүленә. Бауыр сегменты — бауыр паренхиманың пирамидаль киҫәге, уның ҡан менән ярайһы уҡ айырым тәьмин ителеше, иннервацияһы һәм үт сығыу юлдары бар. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Бауырҙың_гистолик_төҙөлөшө"><span id=".D0.91.D0.B0.D1.83.D1.8B.D1.80.D2.99.D1.8B.D2.A3_.D0.B3.D0.B8.D1.81.D1.82.D0.BE.D0.BB.D0.B8.D0.BA_.D1.82.D3.A9.D2.99.D3.A9.D0.BB.D3.A9.D1.88.D3.A9"></span>Бауырҙың гистолик төҙөлөшө</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%80&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Бауырҙың гистолик төҙөлөшө бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%80&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Бауырҙың гистолик төҙөлөшө бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Паренхима өлөшлө. Гепатик Бауыр булкәһе — бауырҙың структур һәм функциональ берәмеге. Бауыр бүлкәһенең төп структур компоненттары: </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%80_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Бауыр пластинкалары (был бит юҡ)">бауыр пластинкалары</a> (гепатоциттарҙың радикаль рәттәре);</li> <li>бүлкәләр эсендәге синусоид <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D2%99%D0%B0%D1%80&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Гемокапиллярҙар (был бит юҡ)">гемокапиллярҙар</a> (бауыр өрлөктәре араһында);</li> <li>бауыр өрлөктәре һәм 2 ҡатламлы гепатоциттар араһында үт капиллярҙары (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Латин теле">лат.</a>&#160;<i><span lang="la">ductuli beliferi</span></i>);</li> <li>Перисинусоид Диссе арауығы (бауыр өрлөктәре һәм синусоидлы гемокапиллярҙар араһында ярыклы арауыҡ);</li> <li>үҙәк вена.</li></ul> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Строма (был бит юҡ)">Строма</a> тышҡы тоташтырғыс туҡыма капсулаһынан, РВСТ-ның өлөштәр араһындағы ҡатламдарынан, ҡан тамырҙарынан, нервы аппаратынан тора. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Hepatic_structure.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Hepatic_structure.png/320px-Hepatic_structure.png" decoding="async" width="320" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/05/Hepatic_structure.png 1.5x" data-file-width="432" data-file-height="391" /></a><figcaption>Бауыр булкәһенең ҡоролош схемаһы</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Функциялары"><span id=".D0.A4.D1.83.D0.BD.D0.BA.D1.86.D0.B8.D1.8F.D0.BB.D0.B0.D1.80.D1.8B"></span>Функциялары</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%80&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Функциялары бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%80&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Функциялары бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Бауыр <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Май">май</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Углеводтар">углевод</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D2%A1%D2%BB%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Аҡһымдар">аҡһым</a>, минераль матдәләр алмашыныуы өсөн яуап бирә, ҡан ойошоуҙа ҡатнашыусы матдәләр һәм шулай уҡ аҙыҡ эшкәртеүҙә кәрәкле булған матдә&#160;— үт эшләп сығара.</li></ul> <ul><li>Аҙыҡ эшкәртеү барышында барлыҡҡа килгән глюкоза эсәк стеналары аша <a href="/wiki/%D2%A0%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ҡан">ҡанға</a> һеңә һәм уның менән бауырға килә, ә унан организмдың барлыҡ туҡымаларына тарала. Организм артыҡ углеводтарҙы бауырҙа гликоген рәүешендә туплай. Бауыр күҙәнәктәрендә гликоген 5 процентҡа тиклем етә. Бер ашауҙан икенсеһенә тиклем арала күҙәнәктәрҙә глюкоза сарыф ителгән һайын запас гликоген глюкозага әүерелә. Был матдәләр алышыныуы кеше организмында инсулин тигән гормон ярҙамында бара. Инсулинды ашҡаҙан аҫты биҙе етештерә, уның эшсәнлеге боҙолғанда шәкәр ауырыуы барлыҡҡа килә.</li></ul> <ul><li>Төрлө сит матдәләрҙе (ксенобиотиктарҙы), атап әйткәндә, аллергендарҙы, ағыуҙарҙы һәм токсиндарҙы зарарһыҙ, аҙыраҡ ағыулы йәки еңел сығармалы берләшмәләргә әйләндереп зарарһыҙландырыу; түл бауырының функцияһы әһәмиәтһеҙ, сөнки уны плацента башҡара; Бауырҙың махсус ферменттары алкоголде 1&#160;кг кеше ауырлығына 0,1 г/сәғ. тиҙлегендә 90 процентка <a href="/wiki/%D2%BA%D1%8B%D1%83" title="Һыу">һыу</a> һәм углекислый газға тарҡата.</li></ul> <ul><li>Артыҡ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Гормон (был бит юҡ)">гормондар</a>, медиаторҙар, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Витамин (был бит юҡ)">витаминдар</a>, шулай уҡ ағыулы аралыҡ һәм һуңғы метаболик продукттарын (аммиак, фенол, этанол, ацетон һәм кетон кислоталары) зарарһыҙлардырыу һәм организмдан сығарыу;</li></ul> <ul><li>Тиҙ мобилизацияланған энергия запастарын <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Гликоген">гликоген</a> рәүешендә тулыландырыу һәм һаҡлау; углевод матдәләр алмашыныуын көйләү;</li> <li>Ҡайһы бер витаминдар депоһын тулыландырыу һәм һаҡлау, шулай уҡ ҡайһы бер микроэлементтар (<a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Тимер">тимер</a>,<a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%8B%D1%80" title="Баҡыр">баҡыр</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82" title="Кобальт">кобальт</a> һәм башҡалар) катиондары депоһын. Бауыр А, В, С, D, E, К, РР витаминдары һәм фолий кислотаһы алмашыныуында туранан-тура ҡатнаша;</li> <li>Холестерин һәм уның эфирҙары, липидтар һәм фосфолипидтар, липопротеиндар синтезы һәм липидтар алмашыныуын көйләү;</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%AE%D1%82&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Үт (был бит юҡ)">үт</a> кислоталары һәм билирубин синтезы, үт һуты етештереү һәм сығарылыш;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Гормондар">Гормондар</a> синтезы (мәҫәлән, инсулинға оҡшаш үҫеү факторҙары)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Бауырҙың_ҡан_менән_тәьмин_итеү_үҙенсәлектәре"><span id=".D0.91.D0.B0.D1.83.D1.8B.D1.80.D2.99.D1.8B.D2.A3_.D2.A1.D0.B0.D0.BD_.D0.BC.D0.B5.D0.BD.D3.99.D0.BD_.D1.82.D3.99.D1.8C.D0.BC.D0.B8.D0.BD_.D0.B8.D1.82.D0.B5.D2.AF_.D2.AF.D2.99.D0.B5.D0.BD.D1.81.D3.99.D0.BB.D0.B5.D0.BA.D1.82.D3.99.D1.80.D0.B5"></span>Бауырҙың ҡан менән тәьмин итеү үҙенсәлектәре</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%80&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Бауырҙың ҡан менән тәьмин итеү үҙенсәлектәре бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%80&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Бауырҙың ҡан менән тәьмин итеү үҙенсәлектәре бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Бауырҙы ҡан менән тәьмин итеү үҙенсәлектәре уның детоксикациялау мөһим биологик функцияһын сағылдыра: аҙыҡ менән эләккән ағыулы матдәләр, шулай уҡ микроорганизмдарҙың ҡалдыҡ продукттары (скатол, индол һ.б.) менән эсәктәрҙәге ҡан бауырға верот венаһы (v. portae) аша килтерелә. Артабан верот венаһы бәләкәйерәк булкә-ара веналарға бүленә. Бүлкә-ара артерияларға тармаҡланып, артериаль ҡан бауырға үҙ бауыр артерияһы (а. гепатик проприацияһы) аша килә. Бүлкә-ара артериялар һәм веналар ҡанға синусоидтар сығара, унда ҡатнаш ҡан аға башлай, һәм уның дренажы үҙәк венала була. Үҙәк веналар бауыр веналарына һәм артабан аҫҡы ҡыуыш вена тупланалар. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Токсиндарҙы_зарарһыҙлардырыу_механизмы"><span id=".D0.A2.D0.BE.D0.BA.D1.81.D0.B8.D0.BD.D0.B4.D0.B0.D1.80.D2.99.D1.8B_.D0.B7.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.80.D2.BB.D1.8B.D2.99.D0.BB.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B4.D1.8B.D1.80.D1.8B.D1.83_.D0.BC.D0.B5.D1.85.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B8.D0.B7.D0.BC.D1.8B"></span>Токсиндарҙы зарарһыҙлардырыу механизмы</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%80&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Токсиндарҙы зарарһыҙлардырыу механизмы бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%80&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Токсиндарҙы зарарһыҙлардырыу механизмы бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Бауырҙағы матдәләрҙе зарарһыҙлардырыу уларҙың химик модификацияһында тора, ул ғәҙәттә ике фазаны үҙ эсенә ала. Беренсе фазала матдә окисланыуға, тергеҙелеүгә йәки гидролизға дусар була. Икенсе фазала яңы барлыҡҡа килгән әүҙем химик төркөмдәргә ниндәйҙер матдә беркетелә. Бындай реакциялар конъюгация реакциялары тип атала, ҡушылыу процесы конъюгирование тип атала. Шулай уҡ бауырға ағыулы матдәләр ингәндә, һуңғыһының күҙәнәктәрендә агрануляр ЭПС майҙаны арта, был уларҙы зарарһыҙлардырыу мөмкинлеген бирә. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Бауыр_ауырыуҙары"><span id=".D0.91.D0.B0.D1.83.D1.8B.D1.80_.D0.B0.D1.83.D1.8B.D1.80.D1.8B.D1.83.D2.99.D0.B0.D1.80.D1.8B"></span>Бауыр ауырыуҙары</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%80&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Бауыр ауырыуҙары бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%80&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Бауыр ауырыуҙары бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Иң йыш осораған бауыр ауырыуҙары&#160;— цирроз һәм төрлө гепатиттар. Гепатит&#160;— ул бауырҙың ялҡынһыныуы. Бөгөнгө көндә вируслы гепатиттың 6 төрө: А, B, C, D, E һәм G билдәле. эсәк (А,Е) һәм парентераль (В, С, В, F) гепатиттары була. Донъяла 600 миллиондан артыҡ кеше В һәм С хроник гепатиттарынан интегә. </p><p>А гепатиты йоҡторғанда ауырыуҙың йәшерен осоро&#160;— 2 аҙнаннан 4 аҙнаға тиклем, В гепатитында 2 айҙан 6 айға тиклем була. Вирус организмға яраҡлаша, шунда үрсей. Ауырыуҙың беренсе симптомы&#160;— тәнгә һары таптар сыға, был билирубин, үт пигменты&#160;— бауыр эшләп сығара торған буяу матдәһе. Тирелә һары таптар күренгәнсе, температура күтәрелә, баш ауырта, тән һыҙлай, хәл бөтә башлай. В һәм С гепатиттары күпселек осораҡта һиҙҙермәйенсә, әҙ генә температура күтәрелеү, быуындар ауыртыу, тәнгә таптар сығыу менән башлана. Бер нисә көндән һуң аппетит юғалыу, бауыр яғында ауыртыу барлыҡҡа килеү, күңел болғаныу, ҡоҫоу, бәүелдең ҡара төҫкә кереүе күҙәтелә. Бауыр һәм талаҡ ҙурая. В гепатиты 5-10 процент осраҡта ғына, ә С гепатиты&#160;— 60—75 процент осраҡта хроник формаға күсә. </p><p>1992—2012 йылдарҙа <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D3%99%D1%81%D3%99%D0%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="Рәсәй">Рәсәйҙә</a> В гепатиты менән ауырыусылар һаны&#160;— 2,4 тапҡыр, С гепатиты булғандар 6,4 тапҡыр артҡан. B һәм C вирус гепатиттарының таралыуы инъекция аша наркотик ҡулланыусыларҙың күбәйеүе менән аңлатыла. Бигрәк тә 15—29 йәштәгеләр араһында. Наркомания медицина проблемаһын социаль проблемаға әйләндерә. В һәм С гепатиттары киҫкен һәм хроник формала булырға мөмкин. Ауырыу сығанағы&#160;— гепатит менән ауырыусы. Ауырыу бигерәк тә енси юл менән киң тарала. Быларҙан тыш, В һәм С гепатиты бала тапҡанда ауырыу әсәнән балаға күсергә, кешегә вирус менән зарарланған ҡан һалғанда, стерилләштерелмәгән хирургия һәм стоматология ҡоралдары менән файҙаланғанда, шприцтар һәм башҡалар ҡулланғанда ла йоға. Был юл менән зарарлану өсөн ҡандың 0,0001 миллилитры ла етә<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>С гепатиты менән ауырығанда, хәлһеҙлек, даими арығанлыҡ ҡына һиҙелергә мөмкин. </p><p>Вируслы гепатиттарҙан дауаланыу&#160;— оҙайлы процесс. Дауаланмаған осраҡта сир цирроз һәм бауыр рагына килтерергә мөмкин. Бигерәк тә С гепатиты бауыр туҡымаларына ауыр тәьҫир итә. Юҡҡа ғына уны СПИД менән тиңләмәйҙәр. Вируслы гепатит менән ауырыусы йәки вирус йөрөтөүсө даими табип күҙәтеүе аҫтында булырга һәм дауаланып торорға тейеш. Дауаланыу ни тиклем иртәрәк башланһа, шул тиклем яҡшыраҡ. Табип ауырыуға организмды кәрәкле аҡһым, май, углеводтар менән тәьмин итә торған махсус диета тәҡдим итә. Күберәк витаминдар ҡулланыу, тыныслыҡты һаҡлау талап ителә. </p><p>Гепатиттан һаҡланыу саралары: ҡайнамаған һыу эсмәү, йәшелсә һәм еләк-емеште яҡшылап йыуып ашау, ризыҡты яҡшылап бешереү. В гепатитына ҡаршы иң ышаныслы сара&#160;— прививка яһатыу. А гепатитына ҡаршы ла вакциналар бар. С гепатитына ҡаршы ул әлегә юҡ. </p><p>Бауыр циррозының иң йыш сәбәптәре&#160;— хроник эскеселек (20 алып 95&#160;% осраҡҡа тиклем), вируслы гепатит, бауырҙа <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B7" title="Гельминтоз">гельминттар</a> һәм ябай микроорганизмдар булыуы (мәҫәлән, трихомонада). </p><p>Бауырҙа иҫерткес матдәләрҙең 95 проценты зарарһыҙландырыла. Спиртлы эсемлектәрҙе күп ҡулланыу арҡаһында бауыр ҙурая, цирроз ауырыуы барлыҡҡа килә. Организмда спирттың тарҡалыуын тәьмин итергә тейешле бауыр ҙур көсөргәнешлекте күтәрә алмай, унда үҙгәрештәр килеп сыға, был циррозға килтерергә мөмкин. </p><p><i>Бауыр яман шеше</i> — ауыр сир. Кешегә тәьҫир иткән шештәр араһында был сир етенсе урында. Күпселек тикшеренеүселәр бауыр яман шеше хәүефенең артыуы менән бәйле бер нисә факторҙар айыралар. Уларға: бауыр циррозы, В һәм С гепатит, паразит инвазиялары, спиртлы эсемлектәр эсеү, ҡайһы бер канцерогендар (микотоксиндар) менән бәйләнеш һәм башҡалар инә. </p><p>Яман булмаған аденомаларҙың, бауырҙың ангиосаркомаларының, гепатоцеллюляр карциноманың барлыҡҡа килеүе кешегә андроген стероидлы контрацептивтар һәм анаболик препараттар тәьҫире менән бәйле. </p><p><i>Бауыр гемангиомалары</i> — бауыр тамырҙары үҫешендәге аномалиялар. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Һылтанмалар"><span id=".D2.BA.D1.8B.D0.BB.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.BC.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.B0.D1.80"></span>Һылтанмалар</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%80&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Һылтанмалар бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%80&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Һылтанмалар бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Логотип Викисклада"><img alt="Логотип Викисклада" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Викимилек">Викимилектә</a> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Livers" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Livers">Бауыр</a></b> темаһы буйынса медиафайлдар бар.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Иҫкәрмәләр"><span id=".D0.98.D2.AB.D0.BA.D3.99.D1.80.D0.BC.D3.99.D0.BB.D3.99.D1.80"></span>Иҫкәрмәләр</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%80&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" title="Иҫкәрмәләр бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%80&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Иҫкәрмәләр бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small" style=""> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a 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