CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr" prefix="content: http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/ dc: http://purl.org/dc/terms/ foaf: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/ rdfs: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema# sioc: http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns# sioct: http://rdfs.org/sioc/types# skos: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core# xsd: http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" /><script type="text/javascript">(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).init={privacy:{cookies_enabled:true},ajax:{deny_list:["bam.nr-data.net"]},distributed_tracing:{enabled:true}};(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).loader_config={agentID:"1120106159",accountID:"3604677",trustKey:"66686",xpid:"VwAHVVBUDxAJUlRTAgcFVlc=",licenseKey:"NRJS-b367e9f72e0ce8cc173",applicationID:"965156203"};;/*! For license information please see nr-loader-spa-1.281.0.min.js.LICENSE.txt */ (()=>{var e,t,r={8122:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>i});var n=r(944);function i(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.R)(3);if(!t||"object"!=typeof t)return(0,n.R)(4);const r=Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(t),Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)),o=0===Object.keys(r).length?e:r;for(let a in o)if(void 0!==e[a])try{if(null===e[a]){r[a]=null;continue}Array.isArray(e[a])&&Array.isArray(t[a])?r[a]=Array.from(new Set([...e[a],...t[a]])):"object"==typeof e[a]&&"object"==typeof t[a]?r[a]=i(e[a],t[a]):r[a]=e[a]}catch(e){(0,n.R)(1,e)}return r}catch(e){(0,n.R)(2,e)}}},2555:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Vp:()=>c,fn:()=>s,x1:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={beacon:n.NT.beacon,errorBeacon:n.NT.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},a={};function s(e){try{const t=c(e);return!!t.licenseKey&&!!t.errorBeacon&&!!t.applicationID}catch(e){return!1}}function c(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("Info for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function u(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.info=a[e])}},9417:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D0:()=>p,gD:()=>m,xN:()=>g});var n=r(3333),i=r(993);const o=e=>{if(!e||"string"!=typeof e)return!1;try{document.createDocumentFragment().querySelector(e)}catch{return!1}return!0};var a=r(2614),s=r(944),c=r(384),u=r(8122);const d="[data-nr-mask]",l=()=>{const e={feature_flags:[],experimental:{marks:!1,measures:!1,resources:!1},mask_selector:"*",block_selector:"[data-nr-block]",mask_input_options:{color:!1,date:!1,"datetime-local":!1,email:!1,month:!1,number:!1,range:!1,search:!1,tel:!1,text:!1,time:!1,url:!1,week:!1,textarea:!1,select:!1,password:!0}};return{ajax:{deny_list:void 0,block_internal:!0,enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},get feature_flags(){return e.feature_flags},set feature_flags(t){e.feature_flags=t},generic_events:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},harvest:{interval:30},jserrors:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},logging:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0,level:i.p_.INFO},metrics:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},obfuscate:void 0,page_action:{enabled:!0},page_view_event:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},performance:{get capture_marks(){return e.feature_flags.includes(n.$v.MARKS)||e.experimental.marks},set capture_marks(t){e.experimental.marks=t},get capture_measures(){return e.feature_flags.includes(n.$v.MEASURES)||e.experimental.measures},set capture_measures(t){e.experimental.measures=t},capture_detail:!0,resources:{get enabled(){return e.feature_flags.includes(n.$v.RESOURCES)||e.experimental.resources},set enabled(t){e.experimental.resources=t},asset_types:[],first_party_domains:[],ignore_newrelic:!0}},privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},proxy:{assets:void 0,beacon:void 0},session:{expiresMs:a.wk,inactiveMs:a.BB},session_replay:{autoStart:!0,enabled:!1,preload:!1,sampling_rate:10,error_sampling_rate:100,collect_fonts:!1,inline_images:!1,fix_stylesheets:!0,mask_all_inputs:!0,get mask_text_selector(){return e.mask_selector},set mask_text_selector(t){o(t)?e.mask_selector="".concat(t,",").concat(d):""===t||null===t?e.mask_selector=d:(0,s.R)(5,t)},get block_class(){return"nr-block"},get ignore_class(){return"nr-ignore"},get mask_text_class(){return"nr-mask"},get block_selector(){return e.block_selector},set block_selector(t){o(t)?e.block_selector+=",".concat(t):""!==t&&(0,s.R)(6,t)},get mask_input_options(){return e.mask_input_options},set mask_input_options(t){t&&"object"==typeof t?e.mask_input_options={...t,password:!0}:(0,s.R)(7,t)}},session_trace:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},soft_navigations:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},spa:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},ssl:void 0,user_actions:{enabled:!0,elementAttributes:["id","className","tagName","type"]}}},f={},h="All configuration objects require an agent identifier!";function p(e){if(!e)throw new Error(h);if(!f[e])throw new Error("Configuration for ".concat(e," was never set"));return f[e]}function g(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(h);f[e]=(0,u.a)(t,l());const r=(0,c.nY)(e);r&&(r.init=f[e])}function m(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(h);var r=p(e);if(r){for(var n=t.split("."),i=0;i<n.length-1;i++)if("object"!=typeof(r=r[n[i]]))return;r=r[n[n.length-1]]}return r}},5603:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>c,o:()=>s});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={accountID:void 0,trustKey:void 0,agentID:void 0,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,xpid:void 0},a={};function s(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("LoaderConfig for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function c(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.loader_config=a[e])}},3371:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>f,f:()=>l});var n=r(8122),i=r(384),o=r(6154),a=r(9324);let s=0;const c={buildEnv:a.F3,distMethod:a.Xs,version:a.xv,originTime:o.WN},u={customTransaction:void 0,disabled:!1,isolatedBacklog:!1,loaderType:void 0,maxBytes:3e4,onerror:void 0,ptid:void 0,releaseIds:{},appMetadata:{},session:void 0,denyList:void 0,timeKeeper:void 0,obfuscator:void 0,harvester:void 0},d={};function l(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");if(!d[e])throw new Error("Runtime for ".concat(e," was never set"));return d[e]}function f(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");d[e]={...(0,n.a)(t,u),...c},Object.hasOwnProperty.call(d[e],"harvestCount")||Object.defineProperty(d[e],"harvestCount",{get:()=>++s});const r=(0,i.nY)(e);r&&(r.runtime=d[e])}},9324:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{F3:()=>i,Xs:()=>o,Yq:()=>a,xv:()=>n});const n="1.281.0",i="PROD",o="CDN",a="^2.0.0-alpha.17"},6154:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{A4:()=>s,OF:()=>d,RI:()=>i,WN:()=>h,bv:()=>o,gm:()=>a,lR:()=>f,m:()=>u,mw:()=>c,sb:()=>l});var n=r(1863);const i="undefined"!=typeof window&&!!window.document,o="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator),a=i?window:"undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis),s="complete"===a?.document?.readyState,c=Boolean("hidden"===a?.document?.visibilityState),u=""+a?.location,d=/iPad|iPhone|iPod/.test(a.navigator?.userAgent),l=d&&"undefined"==typeof SharedWorker,f=(()=>{const e=a.navigator?.userAgent?.match(/Firefox[/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);return Array.isArray(e)&&e.length>=2?+e[1]:0})(),h=Date.now()-(0,n.t)()},7295:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Xv:()=>a,gX:()=>i,iW:()=>o});var n=[];function i(e){if(!e||o(e))return!1;if(0===n.length)return!0;for(var t=0;t<n.length;t++){var r=n[t];if("*"===r.hostname)return!1;if(s(r.hostname,e.hostname)&&c(r.pathname,e.pathname))return!1}return!0}function o(e){return void 0===e.hostname}function a(e){if(n=[],e&&e.length)for(var t=0;t<e.length;t++){let r=e[t];if(!r)continue;0===r.indexOf("http://")?r=r.substring(7):0===r.indexOf("https://")&&(r=r.substring(8));const i=r.indexOf("/");let o,a;i>0?(o=r.substring(0,i),a=r.substring(i)):(o=r,a="");let[s]=o.split(":");n.push({hostname:s,pathname:a})}}function s(e,t){return!(e.length>t.length)&&t.indexOf(e)===t.length-e.length}function c(e,t){return 0===e.indexOf("/")&&(e=e.substring(1)),0===t.indexOf("/")&&(t=t.substring(1)),""===e||e===t}},1687:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Ak:()=>c,Ze:()=>l,x3:()=>u});var n=r(7836),i=r(3606),o=r(860),a=r(2646);const s={};function c(e,t){const r={staged:!1,priority:o.P3[t]||0};d(e),s[e].get(t)||s[e].set(t,r)}function u(e,t){e&&s[e]&&(s[e].get(t)&&s[e].delete(t),h(e,t,!1),s[e].size&&f(e))}function d(e){if(!e)throw new Error("agentIdentifier required");s[e]||(s[e]=new Map)}function l(e="",t="feature",r=!1){if(d(e),!e||!s[e].get(t)||r)return h(e,t);s[e].get(t).staged=!0,f(e)}function f(e){const t=Array.from(s[e]);t.every((([e,t])=>t.staged))&&(t.sort(((e,t)=>e[1].priority-t[1].priority)),t.forEach((([t])=>{s[e].delete(t),h(e,t)})))}function h(e,t,r=!0){const o=e?n.ee.get(e):n.ee,s=i.i.handlers;if(!o.aborted&&o.backlog&&s){if(r){const e=o.backlog[t],r=s[t];if(r){for(let t=0;e&&t<e.length;++t)p(e[t],r);Object.entries(r).forEach((([e,t])=>{Object.values(t||{}).forEach((t=>{t[0]?.on&&t[0]?.context()instanceof a.y&&t[0].on(e,t[1])}))}))}}o.isolatedBacklog||delete s[t],o.backlog[t]=null,o.emit("drain-"+t,[])}}function p(e,t){var r=e[1];Object.values(t[r]||{}).forEach((t=>{var r=e[0];if(t[0]===r){var n=t[1],i=e[3],o=e[2];n.apply(i,o)}}))}},7836:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{P:()=>c,ee:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8990),o=r(3371),a=r(2646),s=r(5607);const c="nr@context:".concat(s.W),u=function e(t,r){var n={},s={},d={},l=!1;try{l=16===r.length&&(0,o.f)(r).isolatedBacklog}catch(e){}var f={on:p,addEventListener:p,removeEventListener:function(e,t){var r=n[e];if(!r)return;for(var i=0;i<r.length;i++)r[i]===t&&r.splice(i,1)},emit:function(e,r,n,i,o){!1!==o&&(o=!0);if(u.aborted&&!i)return;t&&o&&t.emit(e,r,n);for(var a=h(n),c=g(e),d=c.length,l=0;l<d;l++)c[l].apply(a,r);var p=v()[s[e]];p&&p.push([f,e,r,a]);return a},get:m,listeners:g,context:h,buffer:function(e,t){const r=v();if(t=t||"feature",f.aborted)return;Object.entries(e||{}).forEach((([e,n])=>{s[n]=t,t in r||(r[t]=[])}))},abort:function(){f._aborted=!0,Object.keys(f.backlog).forEach((e=>{delete f.backlog[e]}))},isBuffering:function(e){return!!v()[s[e]]},debugId:r,backlog:l?{}:t&&"object"==typeof t.backlog?t.backlog:{},isolatedBacklog:l};return Object.defineProperty(f,"aborted",{get:()=>{let e=f._aborted||!1;return e||(t&&(e=t.aborted),e)}}),f;function h(e){return e&&e instanceof a.y?e:e?(0,i.I)(e,c,(()=>new a.y(c))):new a.y(c)}function p(e,t){n[e]=g(e).concat(t)}function g(e){return n[e]||[]}function m(t){return d[t]=d[t]||e(f,t)}function v(){return f.backlog}}(void 0,"globalEE"),d=(0,n.Zm)();d.ee||(d.ee=u)},2646:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{y:()=>n});class n{constructor(e){this.contextId=e}}},9908:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{d:()=>n,p:()=>i});var n=r(7836).ee.get("handle");function i(e,t,r,i,o){o?(o.buffer([e],i),o.emit(e,t,r)):(n.buffer([e],i),n.emit(e,t,r))}},3606:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{i:()=>o});var n=r(9908);o.on=a;var i=o.handlers={};function o(e,t,r,o){a(o||n.d,i,e,t,r)}function a(e,t,r,i,o){o||(o="feature"),e||(e=n.d);var a=t[o]=t[o]||{};(a[r]=a[r]||[]).push([e,i])}},3878:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){return{capture:e,passive:!1,signal:t}}function i(e,t,r=!1,i){window.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}function o(e,t,r=!1,i){document.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}r.d(t,{DD:()=>o,jT:()=>n,sp:()=>i})},5607:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>n});const n=(0,r(9566).bz)()},9566:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{LA:()=>s,ZF:()=>c,bz:()=>a,el:()=>u});var n=r(6154);const i="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx";function o(e,t){return e?15&e[t]:16*Math.random()|0}function a(){const e=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let t,r=0;return e&&e.getRandomValues&&(t=e.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(30))),i.split("").map((e=>"x"===e?o(t,r++).toString(16):"y"===e?(3&o()|8).toString(16):e)).join("")}function s(e){const t=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let r,i=0;t&&t.getRandomValues&&(r=t.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(e)));const a=[];for(var s=0;s<e;s++)a.push(o(r,i++).toString(16));return a.join("")}function c(){return s(16)}function u(){return s(32)}},2614:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>a,H3:()=>n,g:()=>u,iL:()=>c,tS:()=>s,uh:()=>i,wk:()=>o});const n="NRBA",i="SESSION",o=144e5,a=18e5,s={STARTED:"session-started",PAUSE:"session-pause",RESET:"session-reset",RESUME:"session-resume",UPDATE:"session-update"},c={SAME_TAB:"same-tab",CROSS_TAB:"cross-tab"},u={OFF:0,FULL:1,ERROR:2}},1863:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(){return Math.floor(performance.now())}r.d(t,{t:()=>n})},7485:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D:()=>i});var n=r(6154);function i(e){if(0===(e||"").indexOf("data:"))return{protocol:"data"};try{const t=new URL(e,location.href),r={port:t.port,hostname:t.hostname,pathname:t.pathname,search:t.search,protocol:t.protocol.slice(0,t.protocol.indexOf(":")),sameOrigin:t.protocol===n.gm?.location?.protocol&&t.host===n.gm?.location?.host};return r.port&&""!==r.port||("http:"===t.protocol&&(r.port="80"),"https:"===t.protocol&&(r.port="443")),r.pathname&&""!==r.pathname?r.pathname.startsWith("/")||(r.pathname="/".concat(r.pathname)):r.pathname="/",r}catch(e){return{}}}},944:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){"function"==typeof console.debug&&console.debug("New Relic Warning: https://github.com/newrelic/newrelic-browser-agent/blob/main/docs/warning-codes.md#".concat(e),t)}r.d(t,{R:()=>n})},5284:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{t:()=>c,B:()=>s});var n=r(7836),i=r(6154);const o="newrelic";const a=new Set,s={};function c(e,t){const r=n.ee.get(t);s[t]??={},e&&"object"==typeof e&&(a.has(t)||(r.emit("rumresp",[e]),s[t]=e,a.add(t),function(e={}){try{i.gm.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(o,{detail:e}))}catch(e){}}({loaded:!0})))}},8990:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{I:()=>i});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t,r){if(n.call(e,t))return e[t];var i=r();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),i}catch(e){}return e[t]=i,i}},6389:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t=500,r={}){const n=r?.leading||!1;let i;return(...r)=>{n&&void 0===i&&(e.apply(this,r),i=setTimeout((()=>{i=clearTimeout(i)}),t)),n||(clearTimeout(i),i=setTimeout((()=>{e.apply(this,r)}),t))}}function i(e){let t=!1;return(...r)=>{t||(t=!0,e.apply(this,r))}}r.d(t,{J:()=>i,s:()=>n})},3304:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{A:()=>o});var n=r(7836);const i=()=>{const e=new WeakSet;return(t,r)=>{if("object"==typeof r&&null!==r){if(e.has(r))return;e.add(r)}return r}};function o(e){try{return JSON.stringify(e,i())??""}catch(e){try{n.ee.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}return""}}},5289:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{GG:()=>o,sB:()=>a});var n=r(3878);function i(){return"undefined"==typeof document||"complete"===document.readyState}function o(e,t){if(i())return e();(0,n.sp)("load",e,t)}function a(e){if(i())return e();(0,n.DD)("DOMContentLoaded",e)}},384:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{NT:()=>o,US:()=>d,Zm:()=>a,bQ:()=>c,dV:()=>s,nY:()=>u,pV:()=>l});var n=r(6154),i=r(1863);const o={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net"};function a(){return n.gm.NREUM||(n.gm.NREUM={}),void 0===n.gm.newrelic&&(n.gm.newrelic=n.gm.NREUM),n.gm.NREUM}function s(){let e=a();return e.o||(e.o={ST:n.gm.setTimeout,SI:n.gm.setImmediate,CT:n.gm.clearTimeout,XHR:n.gm.XMLHttpRequest,REQ:n.gm.Request,EV:n.gm.Event,PR:n.gm.Promise,MO:n.gm.MutationObserver,FETCH:n.gm.fetch,WS:n.gm.WebSocket}),e}function c(e,t){let r=a();r.initializedAgents??={},t.initializedAt={ms:(0,i.t)(),date:new Date},r.initializedAgents[e]=t}function u(e){let t=a();return t.initializedAgents?.[e]}function d(e,t){a()[e]=t}function l(){return function(){let e=a();const t=e.info||{};e.info={beacon:o.beacon,errorBeacon:o.errorBeacon,...t}}(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.init||{};e.init={...t}}(),s(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.loader_config||{};e.loader_config={...t}}(),a()}},2843:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>i});var n=r(3878);function i(e,t=!1,r,i){(0,n.DD)("visibilitychange",(function(){if(t)return void("hidden"===document.visibilityState&&e());e(document.visibilityState)}),r,i)}},8139:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>f});var n=r(7836),i=r(3434),o=r(8990),a=r(6154);const s={},c=a.gm.XMLHttpRequest,u="addEventListener",d="removeEventListener",l="nr@wrapped:".concat(n.P);function f(e){var t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("events")}(e);if(s[t.debugId]++)return t;s[t.debugId]=1;var r=(0,i.YM)(t,!0);function f(e){r.inPlace(e,[u,d],"-",p)}function p(e,t){return e[1]}return"getPrototypeOf"in Object&&(a.RI&&h(document,f),c&&h(c.prototype,f),h(a.gm,f)),t.on(u+"-start",(function(e,t){var n=e[1];if(null!==n&&("function"==typeof n||"object"==typeof n)){var i=(0,o.I)(n,l,(function(){var e={object:function(){if("function"!=typeof n.handleEvent)return;return n.handleEvent.apply(n,arguments)},function:n}[typeof n];return e?r(e,"fn-",null,e.name||"anonymous"):n}));this.wrapped=e[1]=i}})),t.on(d+"-start",(function(e){e[1]=this.wrapped||e[1]})),t}function h(e,t,...r){let n=e;for(;"object"==typeof n&&!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(n,u);)n=Object.getPrototypeOf(n);n&&t(n,...r)}},3434:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Jt:()=>o,YM:()=>c});var n=r(7836),i=r(5607);const o="nr@original:".concat(i.W);var a=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,s=!1;function c(e,t){return e||(e=n.ee),r.inPlace=function(e,t,n,i,o){n||(n="");const a="-"===n.charAt(0);for(let s=0;s<t.length;s++){const c=t[s],u=e[c];d(u)||(e[c]=r(u,a?c+n:n,i,c,o))}},r.flag=o,r;function r(t,r,n,s,c){return d(t)?t:(r||(r=""),nrWrapper[o]=t,function(e,t,r){if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.keys(e).forEach((function(r){Object.defineProperty(t,r,{get:function(){return e[r]},set:function(t){return e[r]=t,t}})})),t}catch(e){u([e],r)}for(var n in e)a.call(e,n)&&(t[n]=e[n])}(t,nrWrapper,e),nrWrapper);function nrWrapper(){var o,a,d,l;try{a=this,o=[...arguments],d="function"==typeof n?n(o,a):n||{}}catch(t){u([t,"",[o,a,s],d],e)}i(r+"start",[o,a,s],d,c);try{return l=t.apply(a,o)}catch(e){throw i(r+"err",[o,a,e],d,c),e}finally{i(r+"end",[o,a,l],d,c)}}}function i(r,n,i,o){if(!s||t){var a=s;s=!0;try{e.emit(r,n,i,t,o)}catch(t){u([t,r,n,i],e)}s=a}}}function u(e,t){t||(t=n.ee);try{t.emit("internal-error",e)}catch(e){}}function d(e){return!(e&&"function"==typeof e&&e.apply&&!e[o])}},9300:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.ajax},3333:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$v:()=>u,TZ:()=>n,Zp:()=>i,kd:()=>c,mq:()=>s,nf:()=>a,qN:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.genericEvents,i=["auxclick","click","copy","keydown","paste","scrollend"],o=["focus","blur"],a=4,s=1e3,c=["PageAction","UserAction","BrowserPerformance"],u={MARKS:"experimental.marks",MEASURES:"experimental.measures",RESOURCES:"experimental.resources"}},6774:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.jserrors},993:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{ET:()=>o,TZ:()=>a,p_:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i={ERROR:"ERROR",WARN:"WARN",INFO:"INFO",DEBUG:"DEBUG",TRACE:"TRACE"},o="log",a=n.K7.logging},3785:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{R:()=>c,b:()=>u});var n=r(9908),i=r(1863),o=r(860),a=r(3969),s=r(993);function c(e,t,r={},c=s.p_.INFO){(0,n.p)(a.xV,["API/logging/".concat(c.toLowerCase(),"/called")],void 0,o.K7.metrics,e),(0,n.p)(s.ET,[(0,i.t)(),t,r,c],void 0,o.K7.logging,e)}function u(e){return"string"==typeof e&&Object.values(s.p_).some((t=>t===e.toUpperCase().trim()))}},3969:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{TZ:()=>n,XG:()=>s,rs:()=>i,xV:()=>a,z_:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.metrics,i="sm",o="cm",a="storeSupportabilityMetrics",s="storeEventMetrics"},6630:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewEvent},782:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewTiming},6344:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>d,G4:()=>o,Qb:()=>l,TZ:()=>i,Ug:()=>a,_s:()=>s,bc:()=>u,yP:()=>c});var n=r(2614);const i=r(860).K7.sessionReplay,o={RECORD:"recordReplay",PAUSE:"pauseReplay",REPLAY_RUNNING:"replayRunning",ERROR_DURING_REPLAY:"errorDuringReplay"},a=.12,s={DomContentLoaded:0,Load:1,FullSnapshot:2,IncrementalSnapshot:3,Meta:4,Custom:5},c={[n.g.ERROR]:15e3,[n.g.FULL]:3e5,[n.g.OFF]:0},u={RESET:{message:"Session was reset",sm:"Reset"},IMPORT:{message:"Recorder failed to import",sm:"Import"},TOO_MANY:{message:"429: Too Many Requests",sm:"Too-Many"},TOO_BIG:{message:"Payload was too large",sm:"Too-Big"},CROSS_TAB:{message:"Session Entity was set to OFF on another tab",sm:"Cross-Tab"},ENTITLEMENTS:{message:"Session Replay is not allowed and will not be started",sm:"Entitlement"}},d=5e3,l={API:"api"}},5270:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Aw:()=>c,CT:()=>u,SR:()=>s});var n=r(384),i=r(9417),o=r(7767),a=r(6154);function s(e){return!!(0,n.dV)().o.MO&&(0,o.V)(e)&&!0===(0,i.gD)(e,"session_trace.enabled")}function c(e){return!0===(0,i.gD)(e,"session_replay.preload")&&s(e)}function u(e,t){const r=t.correctAbsoluteTimestamp(e);return{originalTimestamp:e,correctedTimestamp:r,timestampDiff:e-r,originTime:a.WN,correctedOriginTime:t.correctedOriginTime,originTimeDiff:Math.floor(a.WN-t.correctedOriginTime)}}},3738:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{He:()=>i,Kp:()=>s,Lc:()=>u,Rz:()=>d,TZ:()=>n,bD:()=>o,d3:()=>a,jx:()=>l,uP:()=>c});const n=r(860).K7.sessionTrace,i="bstResource",o="resource",a="-start",s="-end",c="fn"+a,u="fn"+s,d="pushState",l=1e3},3962:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{AM:()=>o,O2:()=>c,Qu:()=>u,TZ:()=>s,ih:()=>d,pP:()=>a,tC:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i=["click","keydown","submit","popstate"],o="api",a="initialPageLoad",s=n.K7.softNav,c={INITIAL_PAGE_LOAD:"",ROUTE_CHANGE:1,UNSPECIFIED:2},u={INTERACTION:1,AJAX:2,CUSTOM_END:3,CUSTOM_TRACER:4},d={IP:"in progress",FIN:"finished",CAN:"cancelled"}},7378:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$p:()=>x,BR:()=>b,Kp:()=>R,L3:()=>y,Lc:()=>c,NC:()=>o,SG:()=>d,TZ:()=>i,U6:()=>p,UT:()=>m,d3:()=>w,dT:()=>f,e5:()=>T,gx:()=>v,l9:()=>l,oW:()=>h,op:()=>g,rw:()=>u,tH:()=>A,uP:()=>s,wW:()=>E,xq:()=>a});var n=r(384);const i=r(860).K7.spa,o=["click","submit","keypress","keydown","keyup","change"],a=999,s="fn-start",c="fn-end",u="cb-start",d="api-ixn-",l="remaining",f="interaction",h="spaNode",p="jsonpNode",g="fetch-start",m="fetch-done",v="fetch-body-",b="jsonp-end",y=(0,n.dV)().o.ST,w="-start",R="-end",x="-body",E="cb"+R,T="jsTime",A="fetch"},4234:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>o});var n=r(7836),i=r(1687);class o{constructor(e,t){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.ee=n.ee.get(e),this.featureName=t,this.blocked=!1}deregisterDrain(){(0,i.x3)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName)}}},7767:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>o});var n=r(9417),i=r(6154);const o=e=>i.RI&&!0===(0,n.gD)(e,"privacy.cookies_enabled")},425:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{j:()=>j});var n=r(860),i=r(2555),o=r(3371),a=r(9908),s=r(7836),c=r(1687),u=r(5289),d=r(6154),l=r(944),f=r(3969),h=r(384),p=r(6344);const g=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease","recordCustomEvent","addPageAction","setCurrentRouteName","setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","interaction","noticeError","setUserId","setApplicationVersion","start",p.G4.RECORD,p.G4.PAUSE,"log","wrapLogger"],m=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease"];var v=r(1863),b=r(2614),y=r(993),w=r(3785),R=r(2646),x=r(3434);const E=new Map;function T(e,t,r,n){if("object"!=typeof t||!t||"string"!=typeof r||!r||"function"!=typeof t[r])return(0,l.R)(29);const i=function(e){return(e||s.ee).get("logger")}(e),o=(0,x.YM)(i),a=new R.y(s.P);a.level=n.level,a.customAttributes=n.customAttributes;const c=t[r]?.[x.Jt]||t[r];return E.set(c,a),o.inPlace(t,[r],"wrap-logger-",(()=>E.get(c))),i}function A(){const e=(0,h.pV)();g.forEach((t=>{e[t]=(...r)=>function(t,...r){let n=[];return Object.values(e.initializedAgents).forEach((e=>{e&&e.api?e.exposed&&e.api[t]&&n.push(e.api[t](...r)):(0,l.R)(38,t)})),n.length>1?n:n[0]}(t,...r)}))}const S={};var N=r(9417),_=r(5603),O=r(5284);const I=e=>{const t=e.startsWith("http");e+="/",r.p=t?e:"https://"+e};let P=!1;function j(e,t={},g,R){let{init:x,info:E,loader_config:j,runtime:C={},exposed:k=!0}=t;C.loaderType=g;const L=(0,h.pV)();E||(x=L.init,E=L.info,j=L.loader_config),(0,N.xN)(e.agentIdentifier,x||{}),(0,_.a)(e.agentIdentifier,j||{}),E.jsAttributes??={},d.bv&&(E.jsAttributes.isWorker=!0),(0,i.x1)(e.agentIdentifier,E);const H=(0,N.D0)(e.agentIdentifier),M=[E.beacon,E.errorBeacon];P||(H.proxy.assets&&(I(H.proxy.assets),M.push(H.proxy.assets)),H.proxy.beacon&&M.push(H.proxy.beacon),A(),(0,h.US)("activatedFeatures",O.B),e.runSoftNavOverSpa&&=!0===H.soft_navigations.enabled&&H.feature_flags.includes("soft_nav")),C.denyList=[...H.ajax.deny_list||[],...H.ajax.block_internal?M:[]],C.ptid=e.agentIdentifier,(0,o.V)(e.agentIdentifier,C),e.ee=s.ee.get(e.agentIdentifier),void 0===e.api&&(e.api=function(e,t,h=!1){t||(0,c.Ak)(e,"api");const g={};var R=s.ee.get(e),x=R.get("tracer");S[e]=b.g.OFF,R.on(p.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(t=>{S[e]=t}));var E="api-",A=E+"ixn-";function N(t,r,n,o){const a=(0,i.Vp)(e);return null===r?delete a.jsAttributes[t]:(0,i.x1)(e,{...a,jsAttributes:{...a.jsAttributes,[t]:r}}),I(E,n,!0,o||null===r?"session":void 0)(t,r)}function _(){}g.log=function(e,{customAttributes:t={},level:r=y.p_.INFO}={}){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/log/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,w.R)(R,e,t,r)},g.wrapLogger=(e,t,{customAttributes:r={},level:i=y.p_.INFO}={})=>{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/wrapLogger/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),T(R,e,t,{customAttributes:r,level:i})},m.forEach((e=>{g[e]=I(E,e,!0,"api")})),g.addPageAction=I(E,"addPageAction",!0,n.K7.genericEvents),g.recordCustomEvent=I(E,"recordCustomEvent",!0,n.K7.genericEvents),g.setPageViewName=function(t,r){if("string"==typeof t)return"/"!==t.charAt(0)&&(t="/"+t),(0,o.f)(e).customTransaction=(r||"http://custom.transaction")+t,I(E,"setPageViewName",!0)()},g.setCustomAttribute=function(e,t,r=!1){if("string"==typeof e){if(["string","number","boolean"].includes(typeof t)||null===t)return N(e,t,"setCustomAttribute",r);(0,l.R)(40,typeof t)}else(0,l.R)(39,typeof e)},g.setUserId=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("enduser.id",e,"setUserId",!0);(0,l.R)(41,typeof e)},g.setApplicationVersion=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("application.version",e,"setApplicationVersion",!1);(0,l.R)(42,typeof e)},g.start=()=>{try{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/start/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),R.emit("manual-start-all")}catch(e){(0,l.R)(23,e)}},g[p.G4.RECORD]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/recordReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)(p.G4.RECORD,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,R)},g[p.G4.PAUSE]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/pauseReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)(p.G4.PAUSE,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,R)},g.interaction=function(e){return(new _).get("object"==typeof e?e:{})};const O=_.prototype={createTracer:function(e,t){var r={},i=this,o="function"==typeof t;return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/createTracer/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),h||(0,a.p)(A+"tracer",[(0,v.t)(),e,r],i,n.K7.spa,R),function(){if(x.emit((o?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[(0,v.t)(),i,o],r),o)try{return t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){const t="string"==typeof e?new Error(e):e;throw x.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,t],r),t}finally{x.emit("fn-end",[(0,v.t)()],r)}}}};function I(e,t,r,i){return function(){return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/"+t+"/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),i&&(0,a.p)(e+t,[r?(0,v.t)():performance.now(),...arguments],r?null:this,i,R),r?void 0:this}}function P(){r.e(478).then(r.bind(r,8778)).then((({setAPI:t})=>{t(e),(0,c.Ze)(e,"api")})).catch((e=>{(0,l.R)(27,e),R.abort()}))}return["actionText","setName","setAttribute","save","ignore","onEnd","getContext","end","get"].forEach((e=>{O[e]=I(A,e,void 0,h?n.K7.softNav:n.K7.spa)})),g.setCurrentRouteName=h?I(A,"routeName",void 0,n.K7.softNav):I(E,"routeName",!0,n.K7.spa),g.noticeError=function(t,r){"string"==typeof t&&(t=new Error(t)),(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/noticeError/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)("err",[t,(0,v.t)(),!1,r,!!S[e]],void 0,n.K7.jserrors,R)},d.RI?(0,u.GG)((()=>P()),!0):P(),g}(e.agentIdentifier,R,e.runSoftNavOverSpa)),void 0===e.exposed&&(e.exposed=k),P=!0}},8374:(e,t,r)=>{r.nc=(()=>{try{return document?.currentScript?.nonce}catch(e){}return""})()},860:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$J:()=>u,K7:()=>s,P3:()=>c,XX:()=>i,qY:()=>n,v4:()=>a});const n="events",i="jserrors",o="browser/blobs",a="rum",s={ajax:"ajax",genericEvents:"generic_events",jserrors:i,logging:"logging",metrics:"metrics",pageAction:"page_action",pageViewEvent:"page_view_event",pageViewTiming:"page_view_timing",sessionReplay:"session_replay",sessionTrace:"session_trace",softNav:"soft_navigations",spa:"spa"},c={[s.pageViewEvent]:1,[s.pageViewTiming]:2,[s.metrics]:3,[s.jserrors]:4,[s.spa]:5,[s.ajax]:6,[s.sessionTrace]:7,[s.softNav]:8,[s.sessionReplay]:9,[s.logging]:10,[s.genericEvents]:11},u={[s.pageViewEvent]:a,[s.pageViewTiming]:n,[s.ajax]:n,[s.spa]:n,[s.softNav]:n,[s.metrics]:i,[s.jserrors]:i,[s.sessionTrace]:o,[s.sessionReplay]:o,[s.logging]:"browser/logs",[s.genericEvents]:"ins"}}},n={};function i(e){var t=n[e];if(void 0!==t)return t.exports;var o=n[e]={exports:{}};return r[e](o,o.exports,i),o.exports}i.m=r,i.d=(e,t)=>{for(var r in t)i.o(t,r)&&!i.o(e,r)&&Object.defineProperty(e,r,{enumerable:!0,get:t[r]})},i.f={},i.e=e=>Promise.all(Object.keys(i.f).reduce(((t,r)=>(i.f[r](e,t),t)),[])),i.u=e=>({212:"nr-spa-compressor",249:"nr-spa-recorder",478:"nr-spa"}[e]+"-1.281.0.min.js"),i.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),e={},t="NRBA-1.281.0.PROD:",i.l=(r,n,o,a)=>{if(e[r])e[r].push(n);else{var s,c;if(void 0!==o)for(var u=document.getElementsByTagName("script"),d=0;d<u.length;d++){var l=u[d];if(l.getAttribute("src")==r||l.getAttribute("data-webpack")==t+o){s=l;break}}if(!s){c=!0;var f={478:"sha512-jmvAlmjCn64ans8tLueqHRlBI/iWekylsDWb94A77CG0ukSriVDvgD3dThx+XjUSBBBMYhFn8B1a18fViyBPEQ==",249:"sha512-ICY/ZrcytM/86t5KFy+9OAWVYmNNJy10EBtxoSUGjQWuZx53p/eLo+L8HfrGjvHuRHRnutqLTGSnvNttffJkaA==",212:"sha512-pQSn+X/RfBOvx/49HvlghaiXMLhhDQXTi13n1N2XMpDquWJgs9U0pbqE3RbAnYC9nsdaTu/RVGvneEPv1fpCxA=="};(s=document.createElement("script")).charset="utf-8",s.timeout=120,i.nc&&s.setAttribute("nonce",i.nc),s.setAttribute("data-webpack",t+o),s.src=r,0!==s.src.indexOf(window.location.origin+"/")&&(s.crossOrigin="anonymous"),f[a]&&(s.integrity=f[a])}e[r]=[n];var h=(t,n)=>{s.onerror=s.onload=null,clearTimeout(p);var i=e[r];if(delete e[r],s.parentNode&&s.parentNode.removeChild(s),i&&i.forEach((e=>e(n))),t)return t(n)},p=setTimeout(h.bind(null,void 0,{type:"timeout",target:s}),12e4);s.onerror=h.bind(null,s.onerror),s.onload=h.bind(null,s.onload),c&&document.head.appendChild(s)}},i.r=e=>{"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},i.p="https://js-agent.newrelic.com/",(()=>{var e={38:0,788:0};i.f.j=(t,r)=>{var n=i.o(e,t)?e[t]:void 0;if(0!==n)if(n)r.push(n[2]);else{var o=new Promise(((r,i)=>n=e[t]=[r,i]));r.push(n[2]=o);var a=i.p+i.u(t),s=new Error;i.l(a,(r=>{if(i.o(e,t)&&(0!==(n=e[t])&&(e[t]=void 0),n)){var o=r&&("load"===r.type?"missing":r.type),a=r&&r.target&&r.target.src;s.message="Loading chunk "+t+" failed.\n("+o+": "+a+")",s.name="ChunkLoadError",s.type=o,s.request=a,n[1](s)}}),"chunk-"+t,t)}};var t=(t,r)=>{var n,o,[a,s,c]=r,u=0;if(a.some((t=>0!==e[t]))){for(n in s)i.o(s,n)&&(i.m[n]=s[n]);if(c)c(i)}for(t&&t(r);u<a.length;u++)o=a[u],i.o(e,o)&&e[o]&&e[o][0](),e[o]=0},r=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.281.0.PROD"]=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.281.0.PROD"]||[];r.forEach(t.bind(null,0)),r.push=t.bind(null,r.push.bind(r))})(),(()=>{"use strict";i(8374);var e=i(944),t=i(6344),r=i(9566);class n{agentIdentifier;constructor(){this.agentIdentifier=(0,r.LA)(16)}#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}addPageAction(e,t){return this.#e("addPageAction",e,t)}recordCustomEvent(e,t){return this.#e("recordCustomEvent",e,t)}setPageViewName(e,t){return this.#e("setPageViewName",e,t)}setCustomAttribute(e,t,r){return this.#e("setCustomAttribute",e,t,r)}noticeError(e,t){return this.#e("noticeError",e,t)}setUserId(e){return this.#e("setUserId",e)}setApplicationVersion(e){return this.#e("setApplicationVersion",e)}setErrorHandler(e){return this.#e("setErrorHandler",e)}addRelease(e,t){return this.#e("addRelease",e,t)}log(e,t){return this.#e("log",e,t)}}class o extends n{#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}start(){return this.#e("start")}finished(e){return this.#e("finished",e)}recordReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.RECORD)}pauseReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.PAUSE)}addToTrace(e){return this.#e("addToTrace",e)}setCurrentRouteName(e){return this.#e("setCurrentRouteName",e)}interaction(){return this.#e("interaction")}wrapLogger(e,t,r){return this.#e("wrapLogger",e,t,r)}}var a=i(860),s=i(9417);const c=Object.values(a.K7);function u(e){const t={};return c.forEach((r=>{t[r]=function(e,t){return!0===(0,s.gD)(t,"".concat(e,".enabled"))}(r,e)})),t}var d=i(425);var l=i(1687),f=i(4234),h=i(5289),p=i(6154),g=i(5270),m=i(7767),v=i(6389);class b extends f.W{constructor(e,t,r=!0){super(e.agentIdentifier,t),this.auto=r,this.abortHandler=void 0,this.featAggregate=void 0,this.onAggregateImported=void 0,!1===e.init[this.featureName].autoStart&&(this.auto=!1),this.auto?(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,t):this.ee.on("manual-start-all",(0,v.J)((()=>{(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),this.auto=!0,this.importAggregator(e)})))}importAggregator(t,r={}){if(this.featAggregate||!this.auto)return;let n;this.onAggregateImported=new Promise((e=>{n=e}));const o=async()=>{let o;try{if((0,m.V)(this.agentIdentifier)){const{setupAgentSession:e}=await i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,6526));o=e(t)}}catch(t){(0,e.R)(20,t),this.ee.emit("internal-error",[t]),this.featureName===a.K7.sessionReplay&&this.abortHandler?.()}try{if(!this.#t(this.featureName,o))return(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),void n(!1);const{lazyFeatureLoader:e}=await i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,6103)),{Aggregate:a}=await e(this.featureName,"aggregate");this.featAggregate=new a(t,r),t.runtime.harvester.initializedAggregates.push(this.featAggregate),n(!0)}catch(t){(0,e.R)(34,t),this.abortHandler?.(),(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName,!0),n(!1),this.ee&&this.ee.abort()}};p.RI?(0,h.GG)((()=>o()),!0):o()}#t(e,t){switch(e){case a.K7.sessionReplay:return(0,g.SR)(this.agentIdentifier)&&!!t;case a.K7.sessionTrace:return!!t;default:return!0}}}var y=i(6630);class w extends b{static featureName=y.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,y.T,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var R=i(384);var x=i(9908),E=i(2843),T=i(3878),A=i(782),S=i(1863);class N extends b{static featureName=A.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,A.T,t),p.RI&&((0,E.u)((()=>(0,x.p)("docHidden",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,A.T,this.ee)),!0),(0,T.sp)("pagehide",(()=>(0,x.p)("winPagehide",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,A.T,this.ee))),this.importAggregator(e))}}var _=i(3969);class O extends b{static featureName=_.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,_.TZ,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var I=i(6774),P=i(3304);class j{constructor(e,t,r,n,i){this.name="UncaughtError",this.message="string"==typeof e?e:(0,P.A)(e),this.sourceURL=t,this.line=r,this.column=n,this.__newrelic=i}}function C(e){return H(e)?e:new j(void 0!==e?.message?e.message:e,e?.filename||e?.sourceURL,e?.lineno||e?.line,e?.colno||e?.col,e?.__newrelic)}function k(e){const t="Unhandled Promise Rejection";if(!e?.reason)return;if(H(e.reason))try{return e.reason.message=t+": "+e.reason.message,C(e.reason)}catch(t){return C(e.reason)}const r=C(e.reason);return r.message=t+": "+r?.message,r}function L(e){if(e.error instanceof SyntaxError&&!/:\d+$/.test(e.error.stack?.trim())){const t=new j(e.message,e.filename,e.lineno,e.colno,e.error.__newrelic);return t.name=SyntaxError.name,t}return H(e.error)?e.error:C(e)}function H(e){return e instanceof Error&&!!e.stack}class M extends b{static featureName=I.T;#r=!1;constructor(e,r=!0){super(e,I.T,r);try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}this.ee.on("internal-error",((e,t)=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("ierr",[C(e),(0,S.t)(),!0,{},this.#r,t],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)})),this.ee.on(t.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(e=>{this.#r=e})),p.gm.addEventListener("unhandledrejection",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("err",[k(e),(0,S.t)(),!1,{unhandledPromiseRejection:1},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),(0,T.jT)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),p.gm.addEventListener("error",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("err",[L(e),(0,S.t)(),!1,{},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),(0,T.jT)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#n,this.importAggregator(e)}#n(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}var D=i(8990);let K=1;const U="nr@id";function V(e){const t=typeof e;return!e||"object"!==t&&"function"!==t?-1:e===p.gm?0:(0,D.I)(e,U,(function(){return K++}))}function G(e){if("string"==typeof e&&e.length)return e.length;if("object"==typeof e){if("undefined"!=typeof ArrayBuffer&&e instanceof ArrayBuffer&&e.byteLength)return e.byteLength;if("undefined"!=typeof Blob&&e instanceof Blob&&e.size)return e.size;if(!("undefined"!=typeof FormData&&e instanceof FormData))try{return(0,P.A)(e).length}catch(e){return}}}var F=i(8139),B=i(7836),W=i(3434);const z={},q=["open","send"];function Z(t){var r=t||B.ee;const n=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("xhr")}(r);if(void 0===p.gm.XMLHttpRequest)return n;if(z[n.debugId]++)return n;z[n.debugId]=1,(0,F.u)(r);var i=(0,W.YM)(n),o=p.gm.XMLHttpRequest,a=p.gm.MutationObserver,s=p.gm.Promise,c=p.gm.setInterval,u="readystatechange",d=["onload","onerror","onabort","onloadstart","onloadend","onprogress","ontimeout"],l=[],f=p.gm.XMLHttpRequest=function(t){const r=new o(t),a=n.context(r);try{n.emit("new-xhr",[r],a),r.addEventListener(u,(s=a,function(){var e=this;e.readyState>3&&!s.resolved&&(s.resolved=!0,n.emit("xhr-resolved",[],e)),i.inPlace(e,d,"fn-",y)}),(0,T.jT)(!1))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(15,t);try{n.emit("internal-error",[t])}catch(e){}}var s;return r};function h(e,t){i.inPlace(t,["onreadystatechange"],"fn-",y)}if(function(e,t){for(var r in e)t[r]=e[r]}(o,f),f.prototype=o.prototype,i.inPlace(f.prototype,q,"-xhr-",y),n.on("send-xhr-start",(function(e,t){h(e,t),function(e){l.push(e),a&&(g?g.then(b):c?c(b):(m=-m,v.data=m))}(t)})),n.on("open-xhr-start",h),a){var g=s&&s.resolve();if(!c&&!s){var m=1,v=document.createTextNode(m);new a(b).observe(v,{characterData:!0})}}else r.on("fn-end",(function(e){e[0]&&e[0].type===u||b()}));function b(){for(var e=0;e<l.length;e++)h(0,l[e]);l.length&&(l=[])}function y(e,t){return t}return n}var Y="fetch-",X=Y+"body-",J=["arrayBuffer","blob","json","text","formData"],Q=p.gm.Request,ee=p.gm.Response,te="prototype";const re={};function ne(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("fetch")}(e);if(!(Q&&ee&&p.gm.fetch))return t;if(re[t.debugId]++)return t;function r(e,r,n){var i=e[r];"function"==typeof i&&(e[r]=function(){var e,r=[...arguments],o={};t.emit(n+"before-start",[r],o),o[B.P]&&o[B.P].dt&&(e=o[B.P].dt);var a=i.apply(this,r);return t.emit(n+"start",[r,e],a),a.then((function(e){return t.emit(n+"end",[null,e],a),e}),(function(e){throw t.emit(n+"end",[e],a),e}))})}return re[t.debugId]=1,J.forEach((e=>{r(Q[te],e,X),r(ee[te],e,X)})),r(p.gm,"fetch",Y),t.on(Y+"end",(function(e,r){var n=this;if(r){var i=r.headers.get("content-length");null!==i&&(n.rxSize=i),t.emit(Y+"done",[null,r],n)}else t.emit(Y+"done",[e],n)})),t}var ie=i(7485),oe=i(5603);class ae{constructor(e){this.agentIdentifier=e}generateTracePayload(e){if(!this.shouldGenerateTrace(e))return null;var t=(0,oe.o)(this.agentIdentifier);if(!t)return null;var n=(t.accountID||"").toString()||null,i=(t.agentID||"").toString()||null,o=(t.trustKey||"").toString()||null;if(!n||!i)return null;var a=(0,r.ZF)(),s=(0,r.el)(),c=Date.now(),u={spanId:a,traceId:s,timestamp:c};return(e.sameOrigin||this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useTraceContextHeadersForCors())&&(u.traceContextParentHeader=this.generateTraceContextParentHeader(a,s),u.traceContextStateHeader=this.generateTraceContextStateHeader(a,c,n,i,o)),(e.sameOrigin&&!this.excludeNewrelicHeader()||!e.sameOrigin&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useNewrelicHeaderForCors())&&(u.newrelicHeader=this.generateTraceHeader(a,s,c,n,i,o)),u}generateTraceContextParentHeader(e,t){return"00-"+t+"-"+e+"-01"}generateTraceContextStateHeader(e,t,r,n,i){return i+"@nr=0-1-"+r+"-"+n+"-"+e+"----"+t}generateTraceHeader(e,t,r,n,i,o){if(!("function"==typeof p.gm?.btoa))return null;var a={v:[0,1],d:{ty:"Browser",ac:n,ap:i,id:e,tr:t,ti:r}};return o&&n!==o&&(a.d.tk=o),btoa((0,P.A)(a))}shouldGenerateTrace(e){return this.isDtEnabled()&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)}isAllowedOrigin(e){var t=!1,r={};if((0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing")&&(r=(0,s.D0)(this.agentIdentifier).distributed_tracing),e.sameOrigin)t=!0;else if(r.allowed_origins instanceof Array)for(var n=0;n<r.allowed_origins.length;n++){var i=(0,ie.D)(r.allowed_origins[n]);if(e.hostname===i.hostname&&e.protocol===i.protocol&&e.port===i.port){t=!0;break}}return t}isDtEnabled(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.enabled}excludeNewrelicHeader(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.exclude_newrelic_header}useNewrelicHeaderForCors(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!1!==e.cors_use_newrelic_header}useTraceContextHeadersForCors(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.cors_use_tracecontext_headers}}var se=i(9300),ce=i(7295),ue=["load","error","abort","timeout"],de=ue.length,le=(0,R.dV)().o.REQ,fe=(0,R.dV)().o.XHR;class he extends b{static featureName=se.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,se.T,t),this.dt=new ae(e.agentIdentifier),this.handler=(e,t,r,n)=>(0,x.p)(e,t,r,n,this.ee);try{const e={xmlhttprequest:"xhr",fetch:"fetch",beacon:"beacon"};p.gm?.performance?.getEntriesByType("resource").forEach((t=>{if(t.initiatorType in e&&0!==t.responseStatus){const r={status:t.responseStatus},n={rxSize:t.transferSize,duration:Math.floor(t.duration),cbTime:0};pe(r,t.name),this.handler("xhr",[r,n,t.startTime,t.responseEnd,e[t.initiatorType]],void 0,a.K7.ajax)}}))}catch(e){}ne(this.ee),Z(this.ee),function(e,t,r,n){function i(e){var t=this;t.totalCbs=0,t.called=0,t.cbTime=0,t.end=R,t.ended=!1,t.xhrGuids={},t.lastSize=null,t.loadCaptureCalled=!1,t.params=this.params||{},t.metrics=this.metrics||{},e.addEventListener("load",(function(r){E(t,e)}),(0,T.jT)(!1)),p.lR||e.addEventListener("progress",(function(e){t.lastSize=e.loaded}),(0,T.jT)(!1))}function o(e){this.params={method:e[0]},pe(this,e[1]),this.metrics={}}function s(t,r){e.loader_config.xpid&&this.sameOrigin&&r.setRequestHeader("X-NewRelic-ID",e.loader_config.xpid);var i=n.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(i){var o=!1;i.newrelicHeader&&(r.setRequestHeader("newrelic",i.newrelicHeader),o=!0),i.traceContextParentHeader&&(r.setRequestHeader("traceparent",i.traceContextParentHeader),i.traceContextStateHeader&&r.setRequestHeader("tracestate",i.traceContextStateHeader),o=!0),o&&(this.dt=i)}}function c(e,r){var n=this.metrics,i=e[0],o=this;if(n&&i){var a=G(i);a&&(n.txSize=a)}this.startTime=(0,S.t)(),this.body=i,this.listener=function(e){try{"abort"!==e.type||o.loadCaptureCalled||(o.params.aborted=!0),("load"!==e.type||o.called===o.totalCbs&&(o.onloadCalled||"function"!=typeof r.onload)&&"function"==typeof o.end)&&o.end(r)}catch(e){try{t.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}}};for(var s=0;s<de;s++)r.addEventListener(ue[s],this.listener,(0,T.jT)(!1))}function u(e,t,r){this.cbTime+=e,t?this.onloadCalled=!0:this.called+=1,this.called!==this.totalCbs||!this.onloadCalled&&"function"==typeof r.onload||"function"!=typeof this.end||this.end(r)}function d(e,t){var r=""+V(e)+!!t;this.xhrGuids&&!this.xhrGuids[r]&&(this.xhrGuids[r]=!0,this.totalCbs+=1)}function l(e,t){var r=""+V(e)+!!t;this.xhrGuids&&this.xhrGuids[r]&&(delete this.xhrGuids[r],this.totalCbs-=1)}function f(){this.endTime=(0,S.t)()}function h(e,r){r instanceof fe&&"load"===e[0]&&t.emit("xhr-load-added",[e[1],e[2]],r)}function g(e,r){r instanceof fe&&"load"===e[0]&&t.emit("xhr-load-removed",[e[1],e[2]],r)}function m(e,t,r){t instanceof fe&&("onload"===r&&(this.onload=!0),("load"===(e[0]&&e[0].type)||this.onload)&&(this.xhrCbStart=(0,S.t)()))}function v(e,r){this.xhrCbStart&&t.emit("xhr-cb-time",[(0,S.t)()-this.xhrCbStart,this.onload,r],r)}function b(e){var t,r=e[1]||{};if("string"==typeof e[0]?0===(t=e[0]).length&&p.RI&&(t=""+p.gm.location.href):e[0]&&e[0].url?t=e[0].url:p.gm?.URL&&e[0]&&e[0]instanceof URL?t=e[0].href:"function"==typeof e[0].toString&&(t=e[0].toString()),"string"==typeof t&&0!==t.length){t&&(this.parsedOrigin=(0,ie.D)(t),this.sameOrigin=this.parsedOrigin.sameOrigin);var i=n.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(i&&(i.newrelicHeader||i.traceContextParentHeader))if(e[0]&&e[0].headers)s(e[0].headers,i)&&(this.dt=i);else{var o={};for(var a in r)o[a]=r[a];o.headers=new Headers(r.headers||{}),s(o.headers,i)&&(this.dt=i),e.length>1?e[1]=o:e.push(o)}}function s(e,t){var r=!1;return t.newrelicHeader&&(e.set("newrelic",t.newrelicHeader),r=!0),t.traceContextParentHeader&&(e.set("traceparent",t.traceContextParentHeader),t.traceContextStateHeader&&e.set("tracestate",t.traceContextStateHeader),r=!0),r}}function y(e,t){this.params={},this.metrics={},this.startTime=(0,S.t)(),this.dt=t,e.length>=1&&(this.target=e[0]),e.length>=2&&(this.opts=e[1]);var r,n=this.opts||{},i=this.target;"string"==typeof i?r=i:"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof le?r=i.url:p.gm?.URL&&"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof URL&&(r=i.href),pe(this,r);var o=(""+(i&&i instanceof le&&i.method||n.method||"GET")).toUpperCase();this.params.method=o,this.body=n.body,this.txSize=G(n.body)||0}function w(e,t){if(this.endTime=(0,S.t)(),this.params||(this.params={}),(0,ce.iW)(this.params))return;let n;this.params.status=t?t.status:0,"string"==typeof this.rxSize&&this.rxSize.length>0&&(n=+this.rxSize);const i={txSize:this.txSize,rxSize:n,duration:(0,S.t)()-this.startTime};r("xhr",[this.params,i,this.startTime,this.endTime,"fetch"],this,a.K7.ajax)}function R(e){const t=this.params,n=this.metrics;if(!this.ended){this.ended=!0;for(let t=0;t<de;t++)e.removeEventListener(ue[t],this.listener,!1);t.aborted||(0,ce.iW)(t)||(n.duration=(0,S.t)()-this.startTime,this.loadCaptureCalled||4!==e.readyState?null==t.status&&(t.status=0):E(this,e),n.cbTime=this.cbTime,r("xhr",[t,n,this.startTime,this.endTime,"xhr"],this,a.K7.ajax))}}function E(e,r){e.params.status=r.status;var n=function(e,t){var r=e.responseType;return"json"===r&&null!==t?t:"arraybuffer"===r||"blob"===r||"json"===r?G(e.response):"text"===r||""===r||void 0===r?G(e.responseText):void 0}(r,e.lastSize);if(n&&(e.metrics.rxSize=n),e.sameOrigin){var i=r.getResponseHeader("X-NewRelic-App-Data");i&&((0,x.p)(_.rs,["Ajax/CrossApplicationTracing/Header/Seen"],void 0,a.K7.metrics,t),e.params.cat=i.split(", ").pop())}e.loadCaptureCalled=!0}t.on("new-xhr",i),t.on("open-xhr-start",o),t.on("open-xhr-end",s),t.on("send-xhr-start",c),t.on("xhr-cb-time",u),t.on("xhr-load-added",d),t.on("xhr-load-removed",l),t.on("xhr-resolved",f),t.on("addEventListener-end",h),t.on("removeEventListener-end",g),t.on("fn-end",v),t.on("fetch-before-start",b),t.on("fetch-start",y),t.on("fn-start",m),t.on("fetch-done",w)}(e,this.ee,this.handler,this.dt),this.importAggregator(e)}}function pe(e,t){var r=(0,ie.D)(t),n=e.params||e;n.hostname=r.hostname,n.port=r.port,n.protocol=r.protocol,n.host=r.hostname+":"+r.port,n.pathname=r.pathname,e.parsedOrigin=r,e.sameOrigin=r.sameOrigin}const ge={},me=["pushState","replaceState"];function ve(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("history")}(e);return!p.RI||ge[t.debugId]++||(ge[t.debugId]=1,(0,W.YM)(t).inPlace(window.history,me,"-")),t}var be=i(3738);const{He:ye,bD:we,d3:Re,Kp:xe,TZ:Ee,Lc:Te,uP:Ae,Rz:Se}=be;class Ne extends b{static featureName=Ee;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,Ee,t);if(!(0,m.V)(this.agentIdentifier))return void this.deregisterDrain();const r=this.ee;let n;ve(r),this.eventsEE=(0,F.u)(r),this.eventsEE.on(Ae,(function(e,t){this.bstStart=(0,S.t)()})),this.eventsEE.on(Te,(function(e,t){(0,x.p)("bst",[e[0],t,this.bstStart,(0,S.t)()],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)})),r.on(Se+Re,(function(e){this.time=(0,S.t)(),this.startPath=location.pathname+location.hash})),r.on(Se+xe,(function(e){(0,x.p)("bstHist",[location.pathname+location.hash,this.startPath,this.time],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)}));try{n=new PerformanceObserver((e=>{const t=e.getEntries();(0,x.p)(ye,[t],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)})),n.observe({type:we,buffered:!0})}catch(e){}this.importAggregator(e,{resourceObserver:n})}}var _e=i(2614);class Oe extends b{static featureName=t.TZ;#i;#o;constructor(e,r=!0){let n;super(e,t.TZ,r),this.replayRunning=!1,this.#o=e;try{n=JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem("".concat(_e.H3,"_").concat(_e.uh)))}catch(e){}(0,g.SR)(e.agentIdentifier)&&this.ee.on(t.G4.RECORD,(()=>this.#a())),this.#s(n)?(this.#i=n?.sessionReplayMode,this.#c()):this.importAggregator(e),this.ee.on("err",(e=>{this.replayRunning&&(this.errorNoticed=!0,(0,x.p)(t.G4.ERROR_DURING_REPLAY,[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee))})),this.ee.on(t.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(e=>{this.replayRunning=e}))}#s(e){return e&&(e.sessionReplayMode===_e.g.FULL||e.sessionReplayMode===_e.g.ERROR)||(0,g.Aw)(this.agentIdentifier)}#u=!1;async#c(e){if(!this.#u){this.#u=!0;try{const{Recorder:t}=await Promise.all([i.e(478),i.e(249)]).then(i.bind(i,8589));this.recorder??=new t({mode:this.#i,agentIdentifier:this.agentIdentifier,trigger:e,ee:this.ee,agentRef:this.#o}),this.recorder.startRecording(),this.abortHandler=this.recorder.stopRecording}catch(e){}this.importAggregator(this.#o,{recorder:this.recorder,errorNoticed:this.errorNoticed})}}#a(){this.featAggregate?this.featAggregate.mode!==_e.g.FULL&&this.featAggregate.initializeRecording(_e.g.FULL,!0):(this.#i=_e.g.FULL,this.#c(t.Qb.API),this.recorder&&this.recorder.parent.mode!==_e.g.FULL&&(this.recorder.parent.mode=_e.g.FULL,this.recorder.stopRecording(),this.recorder.startRecording(),this.abortHandler=this.recorder.stopRecording))}}var Ie=i(3962);class Pe extends b{static featureName=Ie.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){if(super(e,Ie.TZ,t),!p.RI||!(0,R.dV)().o.MO)return;const r=ve(this.ee);Ie.tC.forEach((e=>{(0,T.sp)(e,(e=>{a(e)}),!0)}));const n=()=>(0,x.p)("newURL",[(0,S.t)(),""+window.location],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee);r.on("pushState-end",n),r.on("replaceState-end",n);try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}(0,T.sp)("popstate",(e=>(0,x.p)("newURL",[e.timeStamp,""+window.location],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)),!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal);let i=!1;const o=new((0,R.dV)().o.MO)(((e,t)=>{i||(i=!0,requestAnimationFrame((()=>{(0,x.p)("newDom",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee),i=!1})))})),a=(0,v.s)((e=>{(0,x.p)("newUIEvent",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee),o.observe(document.body,{attributes:!0,childList:!0,subtree:!0,characterData:!0})}),100,{leading:!0});this.abortHandler=function(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),o.disconnect(),this.abortHandler=void 0},this.importAggregator(e,{domObserver:o})}}var je=i(7378);const Ce={},ke=["appendChild","insertBefore","replaceChild"];function Le(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("jsonp")}(e);if(!p.RI||Ce[t.debugId])return t;Ce[t.debugId]=!0;var r=(0,W.YM)(t),n=/[?&](?:callback|cb)=([^&#]+)/,i=/(.*)\.([^.]+)/,o=/^(\w+)(\.|$)(.*)$/;function a(e,t){if(!e)return t;const r=e.match(o),n=r[1];return a(r[3],t[n])}return r.inPlace(Node.prototype,ke,"dom-"),t.on("dom-start",(function(e){!function(e){if(!e||"string"!=typeof e.nodeName||"script"!==e.nodeName.toLowerCase())return;if("function"!=typeof e.addEventListener)return;var o=(s=e.src,c=s.match(n),c?c[1]:null);var s,c;if(!o)return;var u=function(e){var t=e.match(i);if(t&&t.length>=3)return{key:t[2],parent:a(t[1],window)};return{key:e,parent:window}}(o);if("function"!=typeof u.parent[u.key])return;var d={};function l(){t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",l,(0,T.jT)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",f,(0,T.jT)(!1))}function f(){t.emit("jsonp-error",[],d),t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",l,(0,T.jT)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",f,(0,T.jT)(!1))}r.inPlace(u.parent,[u.key],"cb-",d),e.addEventListener("load",l,(0,T.jT)(!1)),e.addEventListener("error",f,(0,T.jT)(!1)),t.emit("new-jsonp",[e.src],d)}(e[0])})),t}const He={};function Me(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("promise")}(e);if(He[t.debugId])return t;He[t.debugId]=!0;var r=t.context,n=(0,W.YM)(t),i=p.gm.Promise;return i&&function(){function e(r){var o=t.context(),a=n(r,"executor-",o,null,!1);const s=Reflect.construct(i,[a],e);return t.context(s).getCtx=function(){return o},s}p.gm.Promise=e,Object.defineProperty(e,"name",{value:"Promise"}),e.toString=function(){return i.toString()},Object.setPrototypeOf(e,i),["all","race"].forEach((function(r){const n=i[r];e[r]=function(e){let i=!1;[...e||[]].forEach((e=>{this.resolve(e).then(a("all"===r),a(!1))}));const o=n.apply(this,arguments);return o;function a(e){return function(){t.emit("propagate",[null,!i],o,!1,!1),i=i||!e}}}})),["resolve","reject"].forEach((function(r){const n=i[r];e[r]=function(e){const r=n.apply(this,arguments);return e!==r&&t.emit("propagate",[e,!0],r,!1,!1),r}})),e.prototype=i.prototype;const o=i.prototype.then;i.prototype.then=function(...e){var i=this,a=r(i);a.promise=i,e[0]=n(e[0],"cb-",a,null,!1),e[1]=n(e[1],"cb-",a,null,!1);const s=o.apply(this,e);return a.nextPromise=s,t.emit("propagate",[i,!0],s,!1,!1),s},i.prototype.then[W.Jt]=o,t.on("executor-start",(function(e){e[0]=n(e[0],"resolve-",this,null,!1),e[1]=n(e[1],"resolve-",this,null,!1)})),t.on("executor-err",(function(e,t,r){e[1](r)})),t.on("cb-end",(function(e,r,n){t.emit("propagate",[n,!0],this.nextPromise,!1,!1)})),t.on("propagate",(function(e,r,n){this.getCtx&&!r||(this.getCtx=function(){if(e instanceof Promise)var r=t.context(e);return r&&r.getCtx?r.getCtx():this})}))}(),t}const De={},Ke="setTimeout",Ue="setInterval",Ve="clearTimeout",Ge="-start",Fe=[Ke,"setImmediate",Ue,Ve,"clearImmediate"];function Be(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("timer")}(e);if(De[t.debugId]++)return t;De[t.debugId]=1;var r=(0,W.YM)(t);return r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(0,2),Ke+"-"),r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(2,3),Ue+"-"),r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(3),Ve+"-"),t.on(Ue+Ge,(function(e,t,n){e[0]=r(e[0],"fn-",null,n)})),t.on(Ke+Ge,(function(e,t,n){this.method=n,this.timerDuration=isNaN(e[1])?0:+e[1],e[0]=r(e[0],"fn-",this,n)})),t}const We={};function ze(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("mutation")}(e);if(!p.RI||We[t.debugId])return t;We[t.debugId]=!0;var r=(0,W.YM)(t),n=p.gm.MutationObserver;return n&&(window.MutationObserver=function(e){return this instanceof n?new n(r(e,"fn-")):n.apply(this,arguments)},MutationObserver.prototype=n.prototype),t}const{TZ:qe,d3:Ze,Kp:Ye,$p:Xe,wW:$e,e5:Je,tH:Qe,uP:et,rw:tt,Lc:rt}=je;class nt extends b{static featureName=qe;constructor(e,t=!0){if(super(e,qe,t),!p.RI)return;try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}let r,n=0;const i=this.ee.get("tracer"),o=Le(this.ee),a=Me(this.ee),s=Be(this.ee),c=Z(this.ee),u=this.ee.get("events"),d=ne(this.ee),l=ve(this.ee),f=ze(this.ee);function h(e,t){l.emit("newURL",[""+window.location,t])}function g(){n++,r=window.location.hash,this[et]=(0,S.t)()}function m(){n--,window.location.hash!==r&&h(0,!0);var e=(0,S.t)();this[Je]=~~this[Je]+e-this[et],this[rt]=e}function v(e,t){e.on(t,(function(){this[t]=(0,S.t)()}))}this.ee.on(et,g),a.on(tt,g),o.on(tt,g),this.ee.on(rt,m),a.on($e,m),o.on($e,m),this.ee.on("fn-err",((...t)=>{t[2]?.__newrelic?.[e.agentIdentifier]||(0,x.p)("function-err",[...t],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)})),this.ee.buffer([et,rt,"xhr-resolved"],this.featureName),u.buffer([et],this.featureName),s.buffer(["setTimeout"+Ye,"clearTimeout"+Ze,et],this.featureName),c.buffer([et,"new-xhr","send-xhr"+Ze],this.featureName),d.buffer([Qe+Ze,Qe+"-done",Qe+Xe+Ze,Qe+Xe+Ye],this.featureName),l.buffer(["newURL"],this.featureName),f.buffer([et],this.featureName),a.buffer(["propagate",tt,$e,"executor-err","resolve"+Ze],this.featureName),i.buffer([et,"no-"+et],this.featureName),o.buffer(["new-jsonp","cb-start","jsonp-error","jsonp-end"],this.featureName),v(d,Qe+Ze),v(d,Qe+"-done"),v(o,"new-jsonp"),v(o,"jsonp-end"),v(o,"cb-start"),l.on("pushState-end",h),l.on("replaceState-end",h),window.addEventListener("hashchange",h,(0,T.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("load",h,(0,T.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("popstate",(function(){h(0,n>1)}),(0,T.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#n,this.importAggregator(e)}#n(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}var it=i(3333);class ot extends b{static featureName=it.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,it.TZ,t);const r=[e.init.page_action.enabled,e.init.performance.capture_marks,e.init.performance.capture_measures,e.init.user_actions.enabled,e.init.performance.resources.enabled];if(p.RI&&(e.init.user_actions.enabled&&(it.Zp.forEach((e=>(0,T.sp)(e,(e=>(0,x.p)("ua",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)),!0))),it.qN.forEach((e=>{const t=(0,v.s)((e=>{(0,x.p)("ua",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),500,{leading:!0});(0,T.sp)(e,t)}))),e.init.performance.resources.enabled&&p.gm.PerformanceObserver?.supportedEntryTypes.includes("resource"))){new PerformanceObserver((e=>{e.getEntries().forEach((e=>{(0,x.p)("browserPerformance.resource",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}))})).observe({type:"resource",buffered:!0})}r.some((e=>e))?this.importAggregator(e):this.deregisterDrain()}}var at=i(993),st=i(3785);class ct extends b{static featureName=at.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,at.TZ,t);const r=this.ee;this.ee.on("wrap-logger-end",(function([e]){const{level:t,customAttributes:n}=this;(0,st.R)(r,e,n,t)})),this.importAggregator(e)}}new class extends o{constructor(t){super(),p.gm?(this.features={},(0,R.bQ)(this.agentIdentifier,this),this.desiredFeatures=new Set(t.features||[]),this.desiredFeatures.add(w),this.runSoftNavOverSpa=[...this.desiredFeatures].some((e=>e.featureName===a.K7.softNav)),(0,d.j)(this,t,t.loaderType||"agent"),this.run()):(0,e.R)(21)}get config(){return{info:this.info,init:this.init,loader_config:this.loader_config,runtime:this.runtime}}run(){try{const t=u(this.agentIdentifier),r=[...this.desiredFeatures];r.sort(((e,t)=>a.P3[e.featureName]-a.P3[t.featureName])),r.forEach((r=>{if(!t[r.featureName]&&r.featureName!==a.K7.pageViewEvent)return;if(this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.spa)return;if(!this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.softNav)return;const n=function(e){switch(e){case a.K7.ajax:return[a.K7.jserrors];case a.K7.sessionTrace:return[a.K7.ajax,a.K7.pageViewEvent];case a.K7.sessionReplay:return[a.K7.sessionTrace];case a.K7.pageViewTiming:return[a.K7.pageViewEvent];default:return[]}}(r.featureName).filter((e=>!(e in this.features)));n.length>0&&(0,e.R)(36,{targetFeature:r.featureName,missingDependencies:n}),this.features[r.featureName]=new r(this)}))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(22,t);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const r=(0,R.Zm)();delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.api,delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.features,delete this.sharedAggregator;return r.ee.get(this.agentIdentifier).abort(),!1}}}({features:[he,w,N,Ne,Oe,O,M,ot,ct,Pe,nt],loaderType:"spa"})})()})();</script> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#2b5797"/> <meta name="msapplication-config" content="/sites/default/files/favicons/browserconfig.xml"/> <meta name="theme-color" content="#1c2957"/> <meta name="description" content="The Master of Science in Telecommunications (MST) program explores how information flows through networks to support human needs. Networks, traditionally the focus of phone service and then the internet, are now present in most aspects of our lives, from smart homes to cyber-physical systems. On a daily basis, communication and computer networks are utilized to support" /> <meta name="keywords" content="University, Pittsburgh, Pitt, College, Learning, Research, Students, Undergraduate, Graduate" /> <meta name="generator" content="Drupal 7 (http://drupal.org)" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.sci.pitt.edu/academics/masters-degrees/telecommunications-ms" /> <link rel="shortlink" href="https://www.sci.pitt.edu/node/530" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Telecommunications, MS" /> <meta property="og:description" content="The Master of Science in Telecommunications (MST) program explores how information flows through networks to support human needs. Networks, traditionally the focus of phone service and then the internet, are now present in most aspects of our lives, from smart homes to cyber-physical systems. On a daily basis, communication and computer networks are utilized to support business operations, educational pursuits, health care, transportation networks, and social networks (both physical and virtual) for human well-being." /> <meta property="og:updated_time" content="2023-08-17T14:20:50-04:00" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Telecommunications, MS" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="The Master of Science in Telecommunications (MST) program explores how information flows through networks to support human needs. Networks, traditionally the focus of phone service and then the" /> <meta property="article:published_time" content="2020-07-24T22:20:09-04:00" /> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2023-08-17T14:20:50-04:00" /> <title>Telecommunications, MS | School of Computing and Information | University of Pittsburgh</title> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_lQaZfjVpwP_oGNqdtWCSpJT1EMqXdMiU84ekLLxQnc4.css" media="all" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_RTpulIpPjg_nSMDPdMqZBnaRv3i0JXTi9Pv5Swfr_6E.css" media="all" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_yNI9Cch8AM_BaaKzWgijp6JnIBjZAG8gIIMVYfeiDf0.css" media="all" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@3.3.7/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" media="all" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@unicorn-fail/drupal-bootstrap-styles@0.0.2/dist/3.3.1/7.x-3.x/drupal-bootstrap.min.css" media="all" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_8RzIXUsk2YPpK92-NR_kt9hRp-sNFwE_BqREKcgPcLM.css" media="all" />   <script src="//code.jquery.com/jquery-2.2.4.js"></script> <script>window.jQuery || document.write("<script src='/sites/all/modules/jquery_update/replace/jquery/2.2/jquery.js'>\x3C/script>")</script> <script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_GOikDsJOX04Aww72M-XK1hkq4qiL_1XgGsRdkL0XlDo.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@3.3.7/dist/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> <script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_u3xuc_-UmE75zf0cFPtLNhfmKElRdxvfV9OrsY3v8E0.js"></script> <script src="//pitt.edu/webtrends/webtrends.load.js"></script> <script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_YGy8u8r43ebWX_c5Yduw0fLoPBY1uMawfu-V4e2L42Y.js"></script> <script src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-PZQFKP0Y8Y"></script> <script>window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments)};gtag("js", new Date());gtag("set", "developer_id.dMDhkMT", true);gtag("config", "G-PZQFKP0Y8Y", {"groups":"default","anonymize_ip":true});</script> <script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_eOR9EdGwFV6QfPJ8nhKo-TC46xe2As2AR6UokZ4fxQo.js"></script> <script>jQuery.extend(Drupal.settings, {"basePath":"\/","pathPrefix":"","setHasJsCookie":0,"ajaxPageState":{"theme":"pitt_theme_spirit","theme_token":"BcQZJFV8O1wCkzPk0Jlg0-Ka6qTG20igpH-uM2HEDUQ","js":{"sites\/all\/themes\/bootstrap\/js\/bootstrap.js":1,"\/\/code.jquery.com\/jquery-2.2.4.js":1,"0":1,"misc\/jquery-extend-3.4.0.js":1,"misc\/jquery-html-prefilter-3.5.0-backport.js":1,"misc\/jquery.once.js":1,"misc\/drupal.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/jquery_update\/js\/jquery_browser.js":1,"https:\/\/cdn.jsdelivr.net\/npm\/bootstrap@3.3.7\/dist\/js\/bootstrap.min.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/ckeditor_accordion\/js\/ckeditor-accordion.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/entityreference\/js\/entityreference.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/google_cse\/google_cse.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/miniorange_saml\/js\/testconfig.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/miniorange_saml\/js\/backdoor.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/miniorange_saml\/js\/addCopyIcon.js":1,"\/\/pitt.edu\/webtrends\/webtrends.load.js":1,"sites\/all\/libraries\/jquery-actual\/jquery.actual.min.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/edu_pitt_sci_acalog\/js\/edu_pitt_sci_acalog.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/fancybox\/fancybox.js":1,"sites\/all\/libraries\/fancybox\/source\/jquery.fancybox.pack.js":1,"sites\/all\/libraries\/fancybox\/lib\/jquery.mousewheel.pack.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/jcaption\/jcaption.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/google_analytics\/googleanalytics.js":1,"https:\/\/www.googletagmanager.com\/gtag\/js?id=G-PZQFKP0Y8Y":1,"1":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/pitt_theme_spirit\/bootstrap\/js\/affix.js":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/pitt_theme_spirit\/bootstrap\/js\/alert.js":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/pitt_theme_spirit\/bootstrap\/js\/button.js":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/pitt_theme_spirit\/bootstrap\/js\/carousel.js":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/pitt_theme_spirit\/bootstrap\/js\/collapse.js":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/pitt_theme_spirit\/bootstrap\/js\/dropdown.js":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/pitt_theme_spirit\/bootstrap\/js\/modal.js":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/pitt_theme_spirit\/bootstrap\/js\/tooltip.js":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/pitt_theme_spirit\/bootstrap\/js\/popover.js":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/pitt_theme_spirit\/bootstrap\/js\/scrollspy.js":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/pitt_theme_spirit\/bootstrap\/js\/tab.js":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/pitt_theme_spirit\/bootstrap\/js\/transition.js":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/pitt_theme_spirit\/js\/script.js":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/pitt_theme_spirit\/js\/search.js":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/pitt_theme_spirit\/js\/nav.js":1},"css":{"modules\/system\/system.base.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/calendar\/css\/calendar_multiday.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/ckeditor_accordion\/css\/ckeditor-accordion.css":1,"modules\/field\/theme\/field.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/google_cse\/google_cse.css":1,"modules\/node\/node.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/siteimprove\/css\/siteimprove.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/views\/css\/views.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/ckeditor\/css\/ckeditor.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/ctools\/css\/ctools.css":1,"sites\/all\/libraries\/fancybox\/source\/jquery.fancybox.css":1,"https:\/\/cdn.jsdelivr.net\/npm\/bootstrap@3.3.7\/dist\/css\/bootstrap.min.css":1,"https:\/\/cdn.jsdelivr.net\/npm\/@unicorn-fail\/drupal-bootstrap-styles@0.0.2\/dist\/3.3.1\/7.x-3.x\/drupal-bootstrap.min.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/pitt_theme_spirit\/fonts\/css\/fontawsome.min.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/pitt_theme_spirit\/fonts\/css\/all.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/pitt_theme_spirit\/fonts\/css\/light.min.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/pitt_theme_spirit\/fonts\/css\/brands.min.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/pitt_theme_spirit\/fonts\/cooper.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/pitt_theme_spirit\/less\/style.less":1}},"fancybox":{"selectors":["a.fancybox"]},"googleCSE":{"cx":"d0d541f149397d615","resultsWidth":600,"domain":"www.google.com","showWaterMark":1},"jcaption":{"jcaption_selectors":[".region-content article img"],"jcaption_alt_title":"title","jcaption_requireText":1,"jcaption_copyStyle":0,"jcaption_removeStyle":0,"jcaption_removeClass":0,"jcaption_removeAlign":1,"jcaption_copyAlignmentToClass":0,"jcaption_copyFloatToClass":1,"jcaption_copyClassToClass":0,"jcaption_autoWidth":1,"jcaption_keepLink":0,"jcaption_styleMarkup":"","jcaption_animate":0,"jcaption_showDuration":"200","jcaption_hideDuration":"200"},"better_exposed_filters":{"views":{"title_block":{"displays":{"header_title_block":{"filters":[]},"footer_title_block":{"filters":[]},"block_3":{"filters":[]}}},"social_media_icons":{"displays":{"footer_social_block":{"filters":[]}}}}},"ckeditor_accordion":{"collapseAll":1},"googleanalytics":{"account":["G-PZQFKP0Y8Y"],"trackOutbound":1,"trackMailto":1,"trackDownload":1,"trackDownloadExtensions":"7z|aac|arc|arj|asf|asx|avi|bin|csv|doc(x|m)?|dot(x|m)?|exe|flv|gif|gz|gzip|hqx|jar|jpe?g|js|mp(2|3|4|e?g)|mov(ie)?|msi|msp|pdf|phps|png|ppt(x|m)?|pot(x|m)?|pps(x|m)?|ppam|sld(x|m)?|thmx|qtm?|ra(m|r)?|sea|sit|tar|tgz|torrent|txt|wav|wma|wmv|wpd|xls(x|m|b)?|xlt(x|m)|xlam|xml|z|zip"},"urlIsAjaxTrusted":{"\/academics\/masters-degrees\/telecommunications-ms":true},"bootstrap":{"anchorsFix":"0","anchorsSmoothScrolling":"0","formHasError":1,"popoverEnabled":1,"popoverOptions":{"animation":1,"html":0,"placement":"right","selector":"","trigger":"click","triggerAutoclose":1,"title":"","content":"","delay":0,"container":"body"},"tooltipEnabled":1,"tooltipOptions":{"animation":1,"html":0,"placement":"auto left","selector":"","trigger":"hover focus","delay":0,"container":"body"}}});</script> </head> <body class="html not-front not-logged-in one-sidebar sidebar-second page-node page-node- page-node-530 node-type-page pitt_dark" > <div id="skip-link" role="navigation"> <a href="#main-content" class="element-invisible element-focusable">Skip to main content</a> </div> <div id="pittbar" role="banner"> <div class="container"> <div class="secondary-links"> <div id="secondary-nav-prefix">Information for:</div> <nav role="navigation"> <ul class="menu nav navbar-nav secondary"><li class="first leaf"><a href="/information-faculty-staff" title="">Faculty & Staff</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/recruiting" title="">Prospective Faculty</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/prospective-students" title="">Prospective Students</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/alumni" title="">Alumni</a></li> <li class="last leaf"><a href="/partnership" title="">Partners</a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="header_wrapper"> <div class="container hb"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-9 logo_space"> <div class="pitt_shield"> <a href="http://www.pitt.edu"> <img src="/sites/all/themes/pitt_theme_spirit/img/pitt_shield_white.png" width="261" alt="University of Pittsburgh logo" /> </a> </div> <div class="site_title_wrapper"> <div class="region region-logo"> <section aria-label="" id="block-views-title-block-header-title-block" class="block block-views clearfix"> <div class="view view-title-block view-id-title_block view-display-id-header_title_block site-info--title-block view-dom-id-61f0e6e7d32340b7eaf49fa36e17443d"> <div class="view-content"> <div> <span class="single_title"><a href="/" class="site-info__title">School of Computing and Information</a></span> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-3 header_links"> <div class="pittbar__search"> <div class="region region-pre-nav"> <section aria-label="" id="block-search-form" class="block block-search clearfix"> <form class="google-cse form-search content-search" action="/academics/masters-degrees/telecommunications-ms" method="post" id="search-block-form" accept-charset="UTF-8"><div> <div class="searchbox" role="search"> <label for="edit-search-block-form-1" class="hidden">Use this for to search the site.</label> <input type="text" maxlength="128" name="search_block_form" class="searchbox-input" id="edit-search-block-form-1" size="15" value="" aria-label="Search Form" required title="Enter the terms you wish to search for." /> <input type="submit" class="searchbox-submit btn btn-primary" /> <span class="searchbox-icon icon glyphicon glyphicon-search" aria-label="search" aria-hidden="true"></span> </div> <div class="form-actions form-wrapper form-group" id="edit-actions"><button class="element-invisible btn btn-primary form-submit" type="submit" id="edit-submit" name="op" value="Search">Search</button> </div><input type="hidden" name="form_build_id" value="form-JB089evuCR9tN0i5c_cMGCpYyRkEOwszUF9cguJjq3I" /> <input type="hidden" name="form_id" value="search_block_form" /> </div></form> </section> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nav_wrapper"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12"> <div class="navbar-header site-info__navbar-toggle">  <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle" data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".primary-links"> <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> </button> </div> <div role="navigation" aria-label="primary" id="primary-links" class="container-fluid"> <div class="navbar container navbar-default"> <div class="navbar-collapse collapse navbar primary-links primary-links__navbar"> <a class="pitt_seal" href="http://www.pitt.edu" title="University of PIttsburgh Home"></a> <div class="region region-navigation"> <section aria-label="" id="block-menu-block-1" class="block block-menu-block clearfix"> <div class="menu-block-wrapper menu-block-1 menu-name-main-menu parent-mlid-0 menu-level-1"> <ul class="menu nav"><li class="first leaf menu-mlid-218"><a href="/" title="">Home</a></li> <li class="expanded menu-mlid-5857"><a href="/about">About</a><ul class="menu nav"><li class="first expanded menu-mlid-8503"><a href="/about/deans-annual-update">Dean's Annual Update</a><ul class="menu nav"><li class="first leaf menu-mlid-9215"><a href="/about/deans-annual-update/deans-2023-annual-update">2023 Update</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-9201"><a href="/about/deans-annual-update/deans-2022-annual-update">2022 Update</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-9185"><a href="/about/deans-annual-update/deans-annual-update-2021">2021 Update</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-8847"><a href="/about/deans-annual-update/2020-update">2020 Update</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-8504"><a href="/about/reputation-and-history">Reputation and History</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-8476"><a href="/about/departments-and-programs">Departments and Programs</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-8849"><a href="/about/institutes">Institutes</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-8739"><a href="https://www.sci.pitt.edu/recruiting" title="">Faculty Recruiting</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-9178"><a href="/about/committees">Committees</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-8505"><a href="/about/zoom-backgrounds">Zoom Backgrounds</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-8451"><a href="/about/contact-us">Contact Us</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-9183"><a href="/about/board-visitors">Board of Visitors</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-9191"><a href="/about/sci-learning-academy">SCI Learning Academy</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="expanded menu-mlid-3063"><a href="/people" title="">People</a><ul class="menu nav"><li class="first leaf menu-mlid-8714"><a href="https://www.sci.pitt.edu/administration" title="">Administration</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-8578"><a href="/people/faculty" title="">Faculty Directory</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-8475"><a href="/people/staff" title="">Staff Directory</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-8477"><a href="/people/phd-students">PhD Students</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="expanded menu-mlid-8766"><a href="/equity">Equity</a><ul class="menu nav"><li class="first leaf menu-mlid-8767"><a href="/equity/committee">Diversity, Equity and Inclusion Committee</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-8768"><a href="/equity/school-initiatives-and-resources">School Initiatives and Resources</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-8773"><a href="/equity/events">Events</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-8769"><a href="/equity/university-initiatives-and-resources">University Initiatives and Resources</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="expanded menu-mlid-8440"><a href="/research">Research</a><ul class="menu nav"><li class="first leaf menu-mlid-8466"><a href="/research" title="">Overview</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-8583"><a href="/research/faculty-spotlight">Faculty Spotlight</a></li> <li class="expanded menu-mlid-8463"><a href="/research/active-research">Active Research</a><ul class="menu nav"><li class="first leaf menu-mlid-8470"><a href="/research/active-research/current-grants">Current Grants</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-9196"><a href="/research/active-research/faculty-accepting-undergraduate-students-research">Faculty Accepting Undergraduate Students for Research</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-9197"><a href="https://pitt.co1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_djvb4vsuvzS3GRM" title="">Submit Research for Undergraduate Students</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-8468"><a href="/research/labs-centers-and-institutes">Labs, Centers, and Institutes</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-8467"><a href="/research/visiting-scholars">Visiting Scholars</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-8469"><a href="/research/undergraduate-research-scholars">Undergraduate Research Scholars</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="expanded active-trail menu-mlid-8441 active"><a href="/academics" class="active-trail">Academics</a><ul class="menu nav"><li class="first leaf menu-mlid-8562"><a href="/academics/degrees-and-programs">Degrees and Programs</a></li> <li class="expanded menu-mlid-8529"><a href="/academics/undergraduate-majors">Undergraduate Majors</a><ul class="menu nav"><li class="first leaf menu-mlid-8532"><a href="/academics/undergraduate-majors/find-right-major-you">Find the Right Major for You</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-8533"><a href="/academics/undergraduate-majors/computational-biology">Computational Biology</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-8772"><a href="/academics/undergraduate-majors/computational-social-science">Computational Social Science</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-8534"><a href="/academics/undergraduate-majors/computer-science">Computer Science</a></li> <li class="leaf has-children menu-mlid-8757"><a href="/academics/undergraduate-majors/data-science">Data Science</a></li> <li class="leaf has-children menu-mlid-8535"><a href="/academics/undergraduate-majors/digital-narrative-and-interactive-design">Digital Narrative and Interactive Design</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-8536"><a href="/academics/undergraduate-majors/information-science">Information Science</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-8584"><a href="/academics/undergraduate-majors/bs-ms-computer-science">BS + MS in Computer Science</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-9179"><a href="/academics/undergraduate-majors/physics-and-quantum-computing">Physics and Quantum Computing</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-8585"><a href="/academics/undergraduate-majors/minors">Minors</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="expanded active-trail menu-mlid-8537 active"><a href="/academics/masters-degrees" class="active-trail">Master's Degrees</a><ul class="menu nav"><li class="first leaf menu-mlid-8568"><a href="/academics/masters-degrees/library-and-information-science-mlis">Library and Information Science</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-9208"><a href="/academics/masters-degrees/computational-modeling-and-simulation-ms">Computational Modeling and Simulation</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-8564"><a href="/academics/masters-degrees/computer-science-ms">Computer Science</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-9199"><a href="/academics/masters-degrees/data-science">Data Science</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-8575"><a href="/academics/masters-degrees/information-science-ms">Information Science</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-8571"><a href="/academics/masters-degrees/intelligent-systems-ms">Intelligent Systems</a></li> <li class="last leaf active-trail active menu-mlid-8574 active"><a href="/academics/masters-degrees/telecommunications-ms" class="active-trail active">Telecommunications</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="expanded menu-mlid-8538"><a href="/academics/doctoral-degrees">Doctoral Degrees</a><ul class="menu nav"><li class="first leaf menu-mlid-8565"><a href="/academics/doctoral-degrees/computational-modeling-and-simulation-phd">Computational Modeling and Simulation</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-8566"><a href="/academics/doctoral-degrees/computer-science-phd">Computer Science</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-8573"><a href="/academics/doctoral-degrees/information-science-phd">Information Science</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-8572"><a href="/academics/doctoral-degrees/information-science-focus-telecommunications-phd">Information Science with a focus in Telecommunications</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-8570"><a href="/academics/doctoral-degrees/intelligent-systems-phd">Intelligent Systems</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-8567"><a href="/academics/doctoral-degrees/library-and-information-science-phd">Library and Information Science</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="expanded menu-mlid-8539"><a href="/academics/graduate-certificates">Graduate Certificates</a><ul class="menu nav"><li class="first leaf menu-mlid-8771"><a href="/academics/graduate-certificates/applied-data-driven-methods">Applied Data-Driven Methods</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-8540"><a href="/academics/graduate-certificates/big-data-analytics">Big Data Analytics</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-8543"><a href="/academics/graduate-certificates/cybersecurity-policy-and-law">Cybersecurity, Policy, and Law</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-8544"><a href="/academics/graduate-certificates/information-and-network-security">Information and Network Security</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-8541"><a href="/academics/graduate-certificates/information-science">Information Science</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-8542"><a href="/academics/graduate-certificates/telecommunications">Telecommunications</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-8580"><a href="https://www.sciprofessional.pitt.edu/" title="">Professional Institute</a></li> <li class="expanded menu-mlid-8545"><a href="/academics/experiential-learning">Experiential Learning</a><ul class="menu nav"><li class="first leaf menu-mlid-9176"><a href="/academics/experiential-learning/types-opportunities">Types of Opportunities</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-9177"><a href="/academics/experiential-learning/course-credit-opportunities">Experiential Learning Courses</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-8732"><a href="/academics/earn-master-s-degree-sci">Pitt2Pitt</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-8745"><a href="/academics/student-profiles">Student Profiles</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="expanded menu-mlid-8442"><a href="/admissions">Admissions</a><ul class="menu nav"><li class="first leaf menu-mlid-8454"><a href="/admissions/take-next-step">Take the Next Step</a></li> <li class="expanded menu-mlid-8527"><a href="/admissions/undergraduate-admissions">Undergraduate Admissions</a><ul class="menu nav"><li class="first last leaf menu-mlid-8472"><a href="/admissions/undergraduate-admissions-faq">Undergraduate Admissions FAQ</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-8549"><a href="/admissions/masters-admissions">Master's Admissions</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-8550"><a href="/admissions/doctoral-admissions">Doctoral Admissions</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-8560"><a href="/admissions/certificate-admissions">Certificate Admissions</a></li> <li class="expanded menu-mlid-8473"><a href="/admissions/graduate-admissions-faq">Graduate Admissions FAQ</a><ul class="menu nav"><li class="first last leaf menu-mlid-8845"><a href="/admissions/graduate-admissions-faq/gre-requirements">GRE Requirements</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="expanded menu-mlid-8555"><a href="/admissions/tuition-and-financial-aid">Tuition and Financial Aid</a><ul class="menu nav"><li class="first leaf menu-mlid-8556"><a href="/admissions/tuition-and-financial-aid/financial-aid">Financial Aid</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-8557"><a href="/admissions/tuition-and-financial-aid/scholarships">Scholarships</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-8558"><a href="/admissions/campus-life">Campus Life</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-8471"><a href="/admissions/information-sessions">Information Sessions</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="expanded menu-mlid-8443"><a href="/student-resources" title="">Students</a><ul class="menu nav"><li class="first leaf menu-mlid-8563"><a href="/student-resources/z-student-resources">A-Z Student Resources</a></li> <li class="expanded menu-mlid-8499"><a href="/student-resources/academic-advising-center">Academic Advising Center</a><ul class="menu nav"><li class="first leaf menu-mlid-8520"><a href="/student-resources/academic-advising-center/responsibilities">Responsibilities</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-8518"><a href="/student-resources/academic-advising-center/placement-assessments">Placement Assessments</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-8519"><a href="/student-resources/academic-advising-center/general-education-requirements">General Education Requirements</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-9195"><a href="/student-resources/academic-advising-center/major-and-minor-declaration">Major and Minor Declaration</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-8852"><a href="/student-resources/academic-advising-center/faculty-mentors">Faculty Mentors</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-8851"><a href="/students/academic-advising-center/contact-sci-advising-center">Contact the SCI Advising Center</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-8500"><a href="/student-resources/building-hours">Building Hours</a></li> <li class="expanded menu-mlid-8525"><a href="/student-resources/career-services">Career Services</a><ul class="menu nav"><li class="first leaf menu-mlid-8551"><a href="https://careerservices.sci.pitt.edu/career-resources/" title="">Career Resources</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-8553"><a href="https://careerservices.sci.pitt.edu/jobs/" title="">Job Board</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-9180"><a href="/student-resources/career-services/post-graduate-outcomes" title="">Post-Graduate Outcomes</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-9182"><a href="/student-resources/career-services/faqs">FAQs</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-9205"><a href="https://courses.sci.pitt.edu" title="">Course Schedule</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-9206"><a href="/student-resources/enrollment-resources">Enrollment Resources</a></li> <li class="expanded menu-mlid-8521"><a href="/student-resources/graduation">Graduation</a><ul class="menu nav"><li class="first leaf menu-mlid-8869"><a href="/student-resources/graduation/graduation-process-expectations">Graduation Process and Expectations</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-8871"><a href="/student-resources/graduation/apply-graduation">Apply for Graduation</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-8522"><a href="/students/graduation/school-recognition-ceremony">School Recognition Ceremony</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-8524"><a href="/student-resources/information-technology">Information Technology</a></li> <li class="expanded menu-mlid-8514"><a href="/student-resources/newly-admitted-students">Newly Admitted Students</a><ul class="menu nav"><li class="first leaf menu-mlid-8516"><a href="/student-resources/newly-admitted-students/graduate-student-orientation">Graduate Student Orientation</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-8515"><a href="/student-resources/newly-admitted-students/new-graduate-student-faq">New Graduate Student FAQ</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-8619"><a href="/student-resources/newly-admitted-students/undergraduate-student-orientation">Undergraduate Student Orientation</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-8607"><a href="/student-resources/ombudsperson">Ombudsperson</a></li> <li class="expanded menu-mlid-8507"><a href="/student-resources/policies">Policies</a><ul class="menu nav"><li class="first leaf menu-mlid-8508"><a href="/student-resources/policies/academic-integrity-policy">Academic Integrity Policy</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-9186"><a href="/student-resources/policies/experiential-learning-policies">Experiential Learning Policies</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-9207"><a href="/student-resources/sci-ubelong">SCI UBelong</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-8546"><a href="/students/school-forms">School Forms</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-9192"><a href="/student-resources/student-appeals">Student Appeals</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-8506"><a href="/students/student-organizations">Student Organizations</a></li> <li class="expanded menu-mlid-8528"><a href="/student-resources/student-success">Student Success</a><ul class="menu nav"><li class="first leaf has-children menu-mlid-8717"><a href="/student-resources/student-success/academic-support-and-tutoring">Academic Support and Tutoring</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-8721"><a href="/student-resources/student-success/student-success-workshops">Student Success Workshops</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-8720"><a href="/students/who-contact">Who to Contact</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="expanded menu-mlid-5865"><a href="/news" title="">News</a><ul class="menu nav"><li class="first leaf menu-mlid-8587"><a href="/news" title="">All News</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-8589"><a href="/news/submit-news-item">Submit a News Item</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="expanded menu-mlid-8445"><a href="https://calendar.pitt.edu/school_of_computing_and_information" title="">Events</a><ul class="menu nav"><li class="first leaf menu-mlid-8588"><a href="https://calendar.pitt.edu/school_of_computing_and_information" title="">All Events</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-8600"><a href="/events/event-assistance-promotion">Event Assistance & Promotion</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-9214"><a href="/give-sci">Give to SCI</a></li> </ul></div> </section> </div> </div> </div> </div>  </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <a id="main-content"></a> <div class="main-container container-fluid"> <div class="container" id="content-wrapper"> <div class="row"> <section class="col-sm-8 content" name="Highlights"> <ol class="breadcrumb"><li><a href="/academics">Academics</a></li> <li><a href="/academics/masters-degrees">Master's Degrees</a></li> </ol> <h1 class="page-header">Telecommunications, MS</h1> <div class="region region-content"> <section aria-label="" id="block-system-main" class="block block-system clearfix"> <div id="node-530" class="node node-page clearfix" about="/academics/masters-degrees/telecommunications-ms" typeof="foaf:Document"> <div> <span property="dc:title" content="Telecommunications, MS" class="rdf-meta element-hidden"></span> </div> <article class="field-body"> <p>The Master of Science in Telecommunications (MST) program explores how information flows through networks to support human needs. Networks, traditionally the focus of phone service and then the internet, are now present in most aspects of our lives, from smart homes to cyber-physical systems. On a daily basis, communication and computer networks are utilized to support business operations, educational pursuits, health care, transportation networks, and social networks (both physical and virtual) for human well-being. The MST program is designed to produce telecommunications professionals who will design, build, secure, and manage networks and infrastructure that accommodate innovative usages of the networks by people, organizations, and businesses.</p> <p>Graduates will gain a strong foundation in the design of network protocols, wireless networks, network security, and performance enhancement for communication networks. Coursework in data mining, machine learning, and algorithms prepares students for careers that call for maximizing network utilization, supporting information flow in the cloud, and tailoring networks to user needs and expectations. Graduates will have the skills and knowledge sought after by telecommunications equipment manufacturers, wireless providers, enterprise network users such as financial or pharmaceutical companies, and data center owners. Graduates also have chances to examine general network science and analysis to gain knowledge on emerging communication services from stand-alone streaming media to information flow on social networks.</p> <h2>Degree Requirements</h2> <h3>Required Core Courses</h3> <p>All MST students are required to take the following five classes. Students must submit a petition to the faculty to waive any of the required core courses.</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://courses.sci.pitt.edu/courses/view/INFSCI-2300">INFSCI 2300 - HUMAN INFORMATION PROCESSING</a></li> <li><a href="https://courses.sci.pitt.edu/courses/view/INFSCI-2591">INFSCI 2591 - ALGORITHM DESIGN</a></li> <li><a href="https://courses.sci.pitt.edu/courses/view/INFSCI-2710">INFSCI 2710 - DATABASE MANAGEMENT</a></li> <li><a href="https://courses.sci.pitt.edu/courses/view/TELCOM-2310">TELCOM 2310 - APPLICATIONS OF NETWORKS</a></li> <li><a href="https://courses.sci.pitt.edu/courses/view/TELCOM-2810">TELCOM 2810 - INFORMATION SECURITY AND PRIVACY</a></li> </ul> <h3>MST Required Courses</h3> <p>Students in the MST degree program must take the following three required courses:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://courses.sci.pitt.edu/courses/view/TELCOM-2120">TELCOM 2120 - NETWORK PERFORMANCE</a></li> <li><a href="https://courses.sci.pitt.edu/courses/view/TELCOM-2700">TELCOM 2700 - INTRODUCTION TO WIRELESS NETWORKS</a></li> <li><a href="https://courses.sci.pitt.edu/courses/view/TELCOM-2821">TELCOM 2821 - NETWORK SECURITY</a></li> </ul> <h3>MST Required Seminar Course</h3> <p>Students in the MST degree program must take the following required course:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://courses.sci.pitt.edu/courses/view/TELCOM-2011">TELCOM 2011 - TELECOMMUNICATIONS SEMINAR</a></li> </ul> <h3>MST Electives</h3> <p>Students in the MST degree program must take two electives from the following list:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://courses.sci.pitt.edu/courses/view/INFSCI-2160">INFSCI 2160 - DATA MINING</a></li> <li><a href="https://courses.sci.pitt.edu/courses/view/INFSCI-2595">INFSCI 2595 - MACHINE LEARNING</a></li> <li><a href="https://courses.sci.pitt.edu/courses/view/INFSCI-2750">INFSCI 2750 - CLOUD COMPUTING</a></li> <li><a href="https://courses.sci.pitt.edu/courses/view/TELCOM-2010">TELCOM 2010 - COMPUTER NETWORKING LABORATORY</a></li> <li><a href="https://courses.sci.pitt.edu/courses/view/TELCOM-2125">TELCOM 2125 - NETWORK SCIENCE AND ANALYSIS</a></li> <li><a href="https://courses.sci.pitt.edu/courses/view/TELCOM-2321">TELCOM 2321 - WIDE AREA NETWORKS</a></li> <li><a href="https://courses.sci.pitt.edu/courses/view/TELCOM-2813">TELCOM 2813 - SECURITY MANAGEMENT AND COMPUTER FORENSICS</a></li> <li><a href="https://courses.sci.pitt.edu/courses/view/TELCOM-2820">TELCOM 2820 - CRYPTOGRAPHY</a></li> </ul> <h3>Additional Approved Electives</h3> <p>Students may select two courses from the department’s standard graduate course offerings, including independent study and practicum experiences.</p> <p>Students may also pursue opportunities that fall outside of the department’s standard graduate course offerings such as the Pittsburgh Council on Higher Education cross-registration, doctoral seminars, courses offered in other Pitt graduate departments, or undergraduate upper-level coursework in information science or computer science (1100-1999). These opportunities may not exceed six credits and require advisor approval prior to enrollment.</p> <p><a class="btn" href="/admissions/masters-admissions">Admissions Requirements</a></p> </article> </div> </section> </div> </section> <aside class="col-sm-4 sidebar-second"> <div class="region region-sidebar-second"> <section aria-label="Academics" id="block-menu-block-2" class="block block-menu-block menu-block clearfix"> <h3 class="block-title" class="block__title">Academics</h3> <div class="menu-block-wrapper menu-block-2 menu-name-main-menu parent-mlid-0 menu-level-2"> <ul class="menu nav"><li class="first leaf menu-mlid-8562"><a href="/academics/degrees-and-programs">Degrees and Programs</a></li> <li class="collapsed menu-mlid-8529"><a href="/academics/undergraduate-majors">Undergraduate Majors</a></li> <li class="expanded active-trail menu-mlid-8537 active"><a href="/academics/masters-degrees" class="active-trail">Master's Degrees</a><ul class="menu nav"><li class="first leaf menu-mlid-8568"><a href="/academics/masters-degrees/library-and-information-science-mlis">Library and Information Science</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-9208"><a href="/academics/masters-degrees/computational-modeling-and-simulation-ms">Computational Modeling and Simulation</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-8564"><a href="/academics/masters-degrees/computer-science-ms">Computer Science</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-9199"><a href="/academics/masters-degrees/data-science">Data Science</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-8575"><a href="/academics/masters-degrees/information-science-ms">Information Science</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-8571"><a href="/academics/masters-degrees/intelligent-systems-ms">Intelligent Systems</a></li> <li class="last leaf active-trail active menu-mlid-8574 active"><a href="/academics/masters-degrees/telecommunications-ms" class="active-trail active">Telecommunications</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="collapsed menu-mlid-8538"><a href="/academics/doctoral-degrees">Doctoral Degrees</a></li> <li class="collapsed menu-mlid-8539"><a href="/academics/graduate-certificates">Graduate Certificates</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-8580"><a href="https://www.sciprofessional.pitt.edu/" title="">Professional Institute</a></li> <li class="collapsed menu-mlid-8545"><a href="/academics/experiential-learning">Experiential Learning</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-8732"><a href="/academics/earn-master-s-degree-sci">Pitt2Pitt</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-8745"><a href="/academics/student-profiles">Student Profiles</a></li> </ul></div> </section> <section aria-label="" id="block-nodesinblock-0" class="block block-nodesinblock clearfix"> <div class="nodesinblock first odd" id="nodesinblock-75"> <div class="node-75 node node-block block-type-image clearfix nodesinblock--image-only" about="/block/apply" typeof="sioc:Item foaf:Document"> <div class="block-column nodesinblock__column"> <a href="/take-next-step" class="nodesinblock__link"> <div class="nodesinblock__title--absolute">  <h3 class="nodesinblock__title">Apply</h3>  </div> <figure role="presentation"> <div class="nodesinblock__image-wrapper"><img src="/sites/default/files/block-img/cathy_0-700x300-0_88-1379_591.png" alt="Cathedral Exterior" class="nodesinblock__image" /></div> </figure> </a> </div> </div> </div><div class="nodesinblock even" id="nodesinblock-766"> <div class="node-766 node node-block block-type-image clearfix nodesinblock--image-only" about="/block/earn-masters-pitt2pitt" typeof="sioc:Item foaf:Document"> <div class="block-column nodesinblock__column"> <a href="/earn-master-s-degree-sci" class="nodesinblock__link"> <div class="nodesinblock__title--absolute">  <h3 class="nodesinblock__title">Earn a Master's with Pitt2Pitt</h3>  </div> <figure role="presentation"> <div class="nodesinblock__image-wrapper"><img src="/sites/default/files/block-img/pitt2pitt_0-700x300-0_0-700_300.png" alt="" class="nodesinblock__image" /></div> </figure> </a> </div> </div> </div><div class="nodesinblock odd" id="nodesinblock-707"> <div class="node-707 node node-block block-type-image clearfix nodesinblock--image-only" about="/block/masters-admissions" typeof="sioc:Item foaf:Document"> <div class="block-column nodesinblock__column"> <a href="/admissions/masters-admissions" class="nodesinblock__link"> <div class="nodesinblock__title--absolute">  <h3 class="nodesinblock__title">Master's Admissions</h3>  </div> <figure role="presentation"> <div class="nodesinblock__image-wrapper"><img src="/sites/default/files/block-img/20190423_ao_spring_campus_0143.jpeg" alt="" class="nodesinblock__image" /></div> </figure> </a> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </aside>  </div> </div> </div> <footer class="footer container-fluid"> <div class="container"> <div class="site_title"> <div class="footer-logo footer__logo"> <img src="/sites/all/themes/pitt_theme_spirit/img/pitt_shield_white.png" width="261" alt="University of Pittsburgh logo" /> <div class="region region-footer-logo"> <section aria-label="" id="block-views-title-block-block-3" class="block block-views clearfix"> <div class="view view-title-block view-id-title_block view-display-id-block_3 footer-site-info--title-block view-dom-id-1c4281178f504e192d166e8a84866424"> <div class="view-content"> <div> <span class="single_title site_logo"><a href="/" class="site-info__title">School of Computing and Information</a></span> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> <div class="region region-footer"> <section aria-label="" id="block-views-title-block-footer-title-block" class="block block-views block__address-block clearfix"> <div class="view view-title-block view-id-title_block view-display-id-footer_title_block footer--title-block view-dom-id-57f662aee4c3a1e25f697e92bbc5764e"> <div class="view-content"> <div> <div class="field-contact-info"> <p>Information Sciences Building, Fifth Floor<br /> 135 North Bellefield Avenue<br /> Pittsburgh, PA 15260</p> <p>412-383-4396</p> <p><a href="mailto:sciadmit@pitt.edu">sciadmit@pitt.edu</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section aria-label="" id="block-nodesinblock-1" class="block block-nodesinblock clearfix"> <div class="nodesinblock first last odd" id="nodesinblock-207"> <div class="node-207 node node-block block-type-with-text nodesinblock--with-text clearfix nodesinblock--default" about="/block/resources-footer-block" typeof="sioc:Item foaf:Document"> <div class="block-column nodesinblock__column"> <div name="Resources Footer Block"> <h4>Resources<a href="https://www.coronavirus.pitt.edu/"></a></h4> <ul class="two-column"> <li><a href="/node/399">Departments and Programs</a></li> <li><a href="/node/501">Degrees and Programs</a></li> <li><a href="/node/333">Admissions</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.registrar.pitt.edu/calendars">Academic Calendar</a></li> <li><a href="https://courses.sci.pitt.edu">Course Schedule</a></li> <li><a href="/people">Faculty Directory</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.sci.pitt.edu/people/staff">Staff Directory</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.sci.pitt.edu/give-sci">Give Now</a></li> <li><a href="https://sciatpitt.wufoo.com/forms/q1emy2a21khuibd/">Submit Web Changes</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section aria-label="" id="block-views-7991932e043137b92876af32e9d227ec" class="block block-views block__social-media clearfix"> <div class="view view-social-media-icons view-id-social_media_icons view-display-id-footer_social_block social-block footer--social-block view-dom-id-2982f76605e3a2fefeee7c1afbe8a775"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first"> <div class="views-field views-field-nothing"> <span class="field-content"><a href="mailto:sciadmit@pitt.edu" target="_blank" title="Email Us"><span aria-label="Email Us" class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></span> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-2 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field views-field-nothing"> <span class="field-content"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/SciPitt/" target="_blank" title="Find SCI on Facebook"><span aria-label="Find SCI on Facebook" class="fab fa-facebook-f" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></span> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-3 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field views-field-nothing"> <span class="field-content"><a href="https://twitter.com/SciPitt" target="_blank" title="Follow SCI Pitt on Twitter"><span aria-label="Follow SCI Pitt on Twitter" class="fab fa-twitter" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></span> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-4 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field views-field-nothing"> <span class="field-content"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/school/university-of-pittsburgh-school-of-computing-and-information/?viewAsMember=true" target="_blank" title="Follow SCI on LinkedIn"><span aria-label="Follow SCI on LinkedIn" class="fab fa-linkedin" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></span> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-5 views-row-odd views-row-last"> <div class="views-field views-field-nothing"> <span class="field-content"><a href="https://www.instagram.com/pitt_sci/?hl=en" target="_blank" title="Follow SCI on Instagram"><span aria-label="Follow SCI on Instagram" class="fab fa-instagram" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> <div id="copyright" class="container-fluid footer__copyright"> <div class="region region-copyright"> <section aria-label="" id="block-block-1" class="block block-block clearfix"> <span>Revised 02/14/25</span><span>Copyright 2025</span> </section> </div> </div> </div> </footer> <script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_MRdvkC2u4oGsp5wVxBG1pGV5NrCPW3mssHxIn6G9tGE.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info={"beacon":"bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"NRJS-b367e9f72e0ce8cc173","applicationID":"965156203","transactionName":"ZlxSYUECDURSUkNQVl8WZUdaTExeXVVSQRdBUUA=","queueTime":0,"applicationTime":504,"atts":"ShtRFwkYHko=","errorBeacon":"bam.nr-data.net","agent":""}</script></body> </html>