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class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span 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Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frontera_entre_la_Xina_i_l%27Afganistan" title="Frontera entre la Xina i l'Afganistan – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Frontera entre la Xina i l'Afganistan" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frontera_entre_Afganist%C3%A1n_y_China" title="Frontera entre Afganistán y China – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Frontera entre Afganistán y China" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afganistan-Txina_muga" title="Afganistan-Txina muga – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Afganistan-Txina muga" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%B2_%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%93%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86" title="مرز افغانستان–چین – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مرز افغانستان–چین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fronti%C3%A8re_entre_l%27Afghanistan_et_la_Chine" title="Frontière entre l'Afghanistan et la Chine – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Frontière entre l'Afghanistan et la Chine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perbatasan_Afganistan%E2%80%93Tiongkok" title="Perbatasan Afganistan–Tiongkok – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Perbatasan Afganistan–Tiongkok" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confine_tra_Afghanistan_e_Cina" title="Confine tra Afghanistan e Cina – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Confine tra Afghanistan e Cina" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%95%E3%82%AC%E3%83%8B%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%B3%EF%BC%9D%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A2%83" title="アフガニスタン＝中国国境 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アフガニスタン＝中国国境" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afg%CA%BBoniston_va_Xitoy_chegarasi" title="Afgʻoniston va Xitoy chegarasi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Afgʻoniston va Xitoy chegarasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_-_%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%D9%87" title="د افغانستان - چین پوله – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د افغانستان - چین پوله" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granica_afga%C5%84sko-chi%C5%84ska" title="Granica afgańsko-chińska – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Granica afgańsko-chińska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fronteira_Afeganist%C3%A3o%E2%80%93China" title="Fronteira Afeganistão–China – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Fronteira Afeganistão–China" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frontiera_%C3%AEntre_Afganistan_%C8%99i_China" title="Frontiera între Afganistan și China – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Frontiera între Afganistan și China" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Афгано-китайская граница – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Афгано-китайская граница" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%81%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86-%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86" title="سنووری ئەفغانستان-چین – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سنووری ئەفغانستان-چین" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghansk-kinesiska_gr%C3%A4nsen" title="Afghansk-kinesiska gränsen – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Afghansk-kinesiska gränsen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" 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data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Sino-Afghan territorial border</div><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wakhan.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Wakhan.png/220px-Wakhan.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Wakhan.png/330px-Wakhan.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Wakhan.png/440px-Wakhan.png 2x" data-file-width="782" data-file-height="571" /></a><figcaption>Map including the Afghanistan–China border</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Afghanistan–China border</b> is a 92-kilometre-long (57 mi)<sup id="cite_ref-1964report_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1964report-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> boundary between <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> and <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, beginning at the <a href="/wiki/Tripoint" title="Tripoint">tripoint</a> of both countries with the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>'s federally administered territory of <a href="/wiki/Gilgit-Baltistan" title="Gilgit-Baltistan">Gilgit-Baltistan</a>, following the <a href="/wiki/Drainage_divide" title="Drainage divide">watershed</a> along the Mustagh Range, and ending at the tripoint with <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a>. This short border is in the far northeast of Afghanistan, distant from much of the country or urban areas in either country, at the end of the long, narrow <a href="/wiki/Wakhan_Corridor" title="Wakhan Corridor">Wakhan Corridor</a>. The Chinese side of the border is in the <a href="/wiki/Chalachigu_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Chalachigu Valley">Chalachigu Valley</a>. The border is crossed by several mountain passes, including <a href="/wiki/Wakhjir_Pass" title="Wakhjir Pass">Wakhjir Pass</a> in the south and <a href="/wiki/Tegermansu_Pass" title="Tegermansu Pass">Tegermansu Pass</a> in the north. </p><p>Both sides of the border are <a href="/wiki/Protected_area" title="Protected area">protected areas</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wakhan_National_Park" title="Wakhan National Park">Wakhan National Park</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wakhan_District" title="Wakhan District">Wakhan District</a>, <a href="/wiki/Badakhshan_Province" title="Badakhshan Province">Badakhshan Province</a> on the Afghan side and <a href="/wiki/Taxkorgan_Nature_Reserve" title="Taxkorgan Nature Reserve">Taxkorgan Nature Reserve</a> in <a href="/wiki/Taxkorgan_Tajik_Autonomous_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxkorgan Tajik Autonomous County">Taxkorgan Tajik Autonomous County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kashgar_Prefecture" title="Kashgar Prefecture">Kashgar Prefecture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region</a> on the Chinese side. </p><p>The border marks the greatest terrestrial <a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">time zone</a> difference on Earth, with a 3.5 hour difference between Afghanistan's <a href="/wiki/UTC%2B04:30" title="UTC+04:30">UTC+04:30</a> and China's <a href="/wiki/Time_in_China" title="Time in China">UTC+08:00</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afghanistan%E2%80%93China_border&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Afghanistan_China_Locator.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Afghanistan_China_Locator.png/260px-Afghanistan_China_Locator.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Afghanistan_China_Locator.png/390px-Afghanistan_China_Locator.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Afghanistan_China_Locator.png/520px-Afghanistan_China_Locator.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1026" /></a><figcaption>Afghanistan (green) and China (orange)</figcaption></figure><p>The border area was a thoroughfare on the <a href="/wiki/Silk_Road" title="Silk Road">Silk Road</a>. It is believed that the famous Chinese Buddhist pilgrim <a href="/wiki/Xuanzang" title="Xuanzang">Xuanzang</a> traveled this pass on his return trip back to China around <a href="/wiki/649_AD" class="mw-redirect" title="649 AD">649 AD</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-book_Unit_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-book_Unit-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The border was established between Afghanistan and China in an agreement between the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian</a> empires in 1895 as part of <a href="/wiki/The_Great_Game" class="mw-redirect" title="The Great Game">the Great Game</a>, although the Chinese and Afghans did not finally agree on the border until 1963.<sup id="cite_ref-border_agreement_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-border_agreement-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-web._5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-web._-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Afghanistan" title="Kingdom of Afghanistan">Kingdom of Afghanistan</a> and the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">People's Republic of China</a> demarcated their border in 1963.<sup id="cite_ref-border_agreement_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-border_agreement-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is believed that in more recent times, the main pass, Wakhjir Pass, is sometimes used as a low intensity drug smuggling route, to transport opium made in Afghanistan to China.<sup id="cite_ref-caravanistan_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-caravanistan-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 2000s, Afghanistan asked China on several occasions to open the border in the Wakhan Corridor for economic reasons or as an alternative supply route for fighting the <a href="/wiki/Taliban_insurgency" title="Taliban insurgency">Taliban insurgency</a>. However, China resisted, largely due to unrest in its far western province of <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a>, which borders the corridor.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 2009<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Afghanistan%E2%80%93China_border&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, it was reported that the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> had asked China to open the corridor.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There have been proposals and plans by <a href="/wiki/Kashgar_Prefecture" title="Kashgar Prefecture">Kashgar regional government</a> to open <a href="/wiki/Tegermansu_Pass" title="Tegermansu Pass">Tegermansu Pass</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Port_of_entry" title="Port of entry">port of entry</a> for economic purposes since the 1990s.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, this has yet to happen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afghanistan%E2%80%93China_border&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Afghanistan-China_Boundary._4-69._LOC_gm70003373_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Afghanistan-China_Boundary._4-69._LOC_gm70003373_cropped.jpg/220px-Afghanistan-China_Boundary._4-69._LOC_gm70003373_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Afghanistan-China_Boundary._4-69._LOC_gm70003373_cropped.jpg/330px-Afghanistan-China_Boundary._4-69._LOC_gm70003373_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Afghanistan-China_Boundary._4-69._LOC_gm70003373_cropped.jpg/440px-Afghanistan-China_Boundary._4-69._LOC_gm70003373_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4235" data-file-height="3252" /></a><figcaption>Afghanistan-China Boundary (1969),<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> includes most of the features mentioned in the 1963 treaty</figcaption></figure> <p>Article 1 of the Boundary Treaty of 1963 describes the Afghanistan–China border, starting from the southern end: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>starting from a peak with a height of 5,630 meters--the reference coordinates of which are approximately 37 degrees 03 minutes north, 74 degrees 36 minutes east in the southern extremity, the boundary line between the two countries runs along the Mustagh Range watershed between the Karachukur Su River, a tributary of the <a href="/wiki/Tashkurgan_River" title="Tashkurgan River">Tashkurghan River</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words"><span title="塔什科老干河 in Wikisource's Chinese character treaty or 塔什库尔干河 as on Tashkurgan River page? Same river, different name? (January 2020)">which?</span></a></i>]</sup>, on the one hand, and the sources of the <a href="/wiki/Bartang_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Bartang River">Aksu River</a> and the Wakhjir River, the upper reaches of the Wakhan River, on the other hand, passing through South Wakhjir Daban (Called <a href="/wiki/Wakhjir_Pass" title="Wakhjir Pass">Wakhjir Pass</a> on the Afghan map) at the elevation of 4,923 meters, North Wakhjir Daban (named on the Chinese map only), West Koktorok Daban (named on the Chinese map only), East Koktorok Daban (called Kara Jilga Pass on the Afghan Map), Tok Man Su Daban (called Mihman Yoli Pass on the Afghan map), Sirik Tash Daban (named on the Chinese map only), Kokrash Kol Daban (called <a href="/wiki/Tegermansu_Pass" title="Tegermansu Pass">Tigarman Su Pass</a> on the Afghan map) and reaches Peak Kokrash Kol (called Peak Povalo Shveikovski on the Afghan map) with a height of 5,698 meters.<sup id="cite_ref-govdoc_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-govdoc-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>The border's northern terminus is found at the <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan-China-Tajikistan_tripoint" class="mw-redirect" title="Afghanistan-China-Tajikistan tripoint">Afghanistan-China-Tajikistan tripoint</a> on Povalo-Shveikovskogo Peak<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nj43_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nj43-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">波万洛什维科夫斯基峰<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Bōwànluò Shíwéikēfūsījī Fēng</span></i>) / Kokrash Kol Peak (Kekelaqukaole Peak; <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E5%8E%BB%E8%80%83%E5%8B%92" class="extiw" title="wikt:克克拉去考勒">克克拉去考勒</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B3%B0" class="extiw" title="wikt:峰">峰</a><sup id="cite_ref-kklqklf_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kklqklf-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Kèkèlāqùkǎolè Fēng</span></i>),<sup id="cite_ref-1964report_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1964report-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Extreme_points_of_Afghanistan" title="Extreme points of Afghanistan">easternmost point of Afghanistan</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Border_crossings">Border crossings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afghanistan%E2%80%93China_border&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Border crossings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Historically, the main crossing between the two sides was <a href="/wiki/Wakhjir_Pass" title="Wakhjir Pass">Wakhjir Pass</a>. Wakhjir Pass has been in use for at least a millennium since the <a href="/wiki/Silk_Road" title="Silk Road">Silk Road</a>. In addition to Wakhjir Pass, there is also <a href="/wiki/Tegermansu_Pass" title="Tegermansu Pass">Tegermansu Pass</a> which is located on the far eastern end from <a href="/wiki/Little_Pamir" title="Little Pamir">Little Pamir</a>. </p><p>The passes are closed as <a href="/wiki/Chalachigu_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Chalachigu Valley">Chalachigu Valley</a>, the valley on the Chinese side, is closed to visitors; however, local residents and herders from the area are permitted to access.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_maps_and_gallery">Historical maps and gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afghanistan%E2%80%93China_border&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Historical maps and gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Historical English-language maps of the Afghanistan–China border, mid to late 20th century: </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 210.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 208.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Plate_23._Sect._II-_Chinese_Turkistan,_Kashmir_%26_Jamu_of_maps_of_Constables_1893_hand_atlas.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of the region (1893)"><img alt="Map of the region (1893)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Plate_23._Sect._II-_Chinese_Turkistan%2C_Kashmir_%26_Jamu_of_maps_of_Constables_1893_hand_atlas.jpg/313px-Plate_23._Sect._II-_Chinese_Turkistan%2C_Kashmir_%26_Jamu_of_maps_of_Constables_1893_hand_atlas.jpg" decoding="async" width="209" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Plate_23._Sect._II-_Chinese_Turkistan%2C_Kashmir_%26_Jamu_of_maps_of_Constables_1893_hand_atlas.jpg/470px-Plate_23._Sect._II-_Chinese_Turkistan%2C_Kashmir_%26_Jamu_of_maps_of_Constables_1893_hand_atlas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Plate_23._Sect._II-_Chinese_Turkistan%2C_Kashmir_%26_Jamu_of_maps_of_Constables_1893_hand_atlas.jpg/627px-Plate_23._Sect._II-_Chinese_Turkistan%2C_Kashmir_%26_Jamu_of_maps_of_Constables_1893_hand_atlas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1316" data-file-height="1008" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Map of the region (1893)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 260px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 258px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:STANFORD(1917)_p61_PLATE19._SINKIANG_(14597194848).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map including the Afghanistan–China border (1917)"><img alt="Map including the Afghanistan–China border (1917)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/STANFORD%281917%29_p61_PLATE19._SINKIANG_%2814597194848%29.jpg/387px-STANFORD%281917%29_p61_PLATE19._SINKIANG_%2814597194848%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="258" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/STANFORD%281917%29_p61_PLATE19._SINKIANG_%2814597194848%29.jpg/581px-STANFORD%281917%29_p61_PLATE19._SINKIANG_%2814597194848%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/STANFORD%281917%29_p61_PLATE19._SINKIANG_%2814597194848%29.jpg/774px-STANFORD%281917%29_p61_PLATE19._SINKIANG_%2814597194848%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3712" data-file-height="2302" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Map including the Afghanistan–China border (1917)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 145.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 143.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Txu-oclc-6654394-nj-43-5th-ed.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="From the International Map of the World (AMS, 1966)[b]"><img alt="From the International Map of the World (AMS, 1966)[b]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Txu-oclc-6654394-nj-43-5th-ed.jpg/215px-Txu-oclc-6654394-nj-43-5th-ed.jpg" decoding="async" width="144" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Txu-oclc-6654394-nj-43-5th-ed.jpg/322px-Txu-oclc-6654394-nj-43-5th-ed.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Txu-oclc-6654394-nj-43-5th-ed.jpg/429px-Txu-oclc-6654394-nj-43-5th-ed.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4949" data-file-height="5535" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">From the <a href="/wiki/International_Map_of_the_World" title="International Map of the World">International Map of the World</a> (<a href="/wiki/Army_Map_Service" title="Army Map Service">AMS</a>, 1966)<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 210.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 208.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NJ-43-10_Tokhtamysh,_USSR;_China;_Afghanistan;_Pakistan.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map including Afghanistan–China border (ACIC, 1969)"><img alt="Map including Afghanistan–China border (ACIC, 1969)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/NJ-43-10_Tokhtamysh%2C_USSR%3B_China%3B_Afghanistan%3B_Pakistan.jpg/313px-NJ-43-10_Tokhtamysh%2C_USSR%3B_China%3B_Afghanistan%3B_Pakistan.jpg" decoding="async" width="209" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/NJ-43-10_Tokhtamysh%2C_USSR%3B_China%3B_Afghanistan%3B_Pakistan.jpg/469px-NJ-43-10_Tokhtamysh%2C_USSR%3B_China%3B_Afghanistan%3B_Pakistan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/NJ-43-10_Tokhtamysh%2C_USSR%3B_China%3B_Afghanistan%3B_Pakistan.jpg/625px-NJ-43-10_Tokhtamysh%2C_USSR%3B_China%3B_Afghanistan%3B_Pakistan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8576" data-file-height="6585" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Map including Afghanistan–China border (<a href="/wiki/Aeronautical_Chart_and_Information_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Aeronautical Chart and Information Center">ACIC</a>, 1969)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 222.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Operational_Navigation_Chart_G-7,_6th_edition.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Border region (DMA, 1980)[c]"><img alt="Border region (DMA, 1980)[c]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Operational_Navigation_Chart_G-7%2C_6th_edition.jpg/331px-Operational_Navigation_Chart_G-7%2C_6th_edition.jpg" decoding="async" width="221" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Operational_Navigation_Chart_G-7%2C_6th_edition.jpg/497px-Operational_Navigation_Chart_G-7%2C_6th_edition.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Operational_Navigation_Chart_G-7%2C_6th_edition.jpg/662px-Operational_Navigation_Chart_G-7%2C_6th_edition.jpg 2x" data-file-width="9254" data-file-height="6707" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Border region (<a href="/wiki/Defense_Mapping_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Defense Mapping Agency">DMA</a>, 1980)<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 223.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Txu-pclmaps-oclc-22834566_g-7a.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Border region (DMA, 1984)[d]"><img alt="Border region (DMA, 1984)[d]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Txu-pclmaps-oclc-22834566_g-7a.jpg/335px-Txu-pclmaps-oclc-22834566_g-7a.jpg" decoding="async" width="224" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Txu-pclmaps-oclc-22834566_g-7a.jpg/502px-Txu-pclmaps-oclc-22834566_g-7a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Txu-pclmaps-oclc-22834566_g-7a.jpg/669px-Txu-pclmaps-oclc-22834566_g-7a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="9354" data-file-height="6710" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Border region (<a href="/wiki/Defense_Mapping_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Defense Mapping Agency">DMA</a>, 1984)<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 206px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 204px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hindu_Kush_satellite_image.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Satellite image of the region with the Afghanistan–China border marked"><img alt="Satellite image of the region with the Afghanistan–China border marked" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Hindu_Kush_satellite_image.jpg/306px-Hindu_Kush_satellite_image.jpg" decoding="async" width="204" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Hindu_Kush_satellite_image.jpg/458px-Hindu_Kush_satellite_image.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Hindu_Kush_satellite_image.jpg/611px-Hindu_Kush_satellite_image.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5600" data-file-height="4400" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Satellite image of the region with the Afghanistan–China border marked</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 312px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 310px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vakhan_(Wakhan)_Corridor.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wakhan Corridor including Afghanistan–China border"><img alt="Wakhan Corridor including Afghanistan–China border" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Vakhan_%28Wakhan%29_Corridor.jpg/465px-Vakhan_%28Wakhan%29_Corridor.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Vakhan_%28Wakhan%29_Corridor.jpg/697px-Vakhan_%28Wakhan%29_Corridor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Vakhan_%28Wakhan%29_Corridor.jpg/929px-Vakhan_%28Wakhan%29_Corridor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1671" data-file-height="864" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Wakhan_Corridor" title="Wakhan Corridor">Wakhan Corridor</a> including Afghanistan–China border</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afghanistan%E2%80%93China_border&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Tajikistan_border" title="China–Tajikistan border">China–Tajikistan border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Pakistan_border" title="China–Pakistan border">China–Pakistan border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Afghanistan–China relations">Afghanistan–China relations</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afghanistan%E2%80%93China_border&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">From map: "NAMES AND BOUNDARY REPRESENTATION ARE NOT NECESSARILY AUTHORITATIVE"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">From map: "DELINEATION OF INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARIES MUST NOT BE CONSIDERED AUTHORITATIVE"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">From map: "The representation of international boundaries is not necessarily authoritative."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">From map: "The representation of international boundaries is not necessarily authoritative"</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afghanistan%E2%80%93China_border&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1964report-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-1964report_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1964report_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFThomas_L._Hughes1964" class="citation web cs1">Thomas L. Hughes (14 January 1964). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP08C01297R000100120005-5.pdf">"The Afghanistan - China Boundary Settlement"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Intelligence_and_Research" title="Bureau of Intelligence and Research">Bureau of Intelligence and Research</a>. pp. 1, 4<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2021</span> – via <a href="/wiki/CIA" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA">CIA</a>. <q>The new boundary, 57 miles long,{...}and reaches Peak Kokrash Kol (called Peak Povalo Shveikovski on the Afghan map) with a height of 5,698 meters.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Afghanistan+-+China+Boundary+Settlement&rft.pages=1%2C+4&rft.pub=Bureau+of+Intelligence+and+Research&rft.date=1964-01-14&rft.au=Thomas+L.+Hughes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Freadingroom%2Fdocs%2FCIA-RDP08C01297R000100120005-5.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfghanistan%E2%80%93China+border" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBill_Bostock2019" class="citation web cs1">Bill Bostock (27 June 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insider.com/afghanistan-china-tiny-46-mile-border-what-it-is-like-2019-6">"Afghanistan shares a tiny 46-mile border with China — here's the intriguing story of how the 2 countries became neighbors"</a>. Insider Inc. – via <a href="/wiki/CIA" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA">CIA</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Afghanistan+shares+a+tiny+46-mile+border+with+China+%E2%80%94+here%27s+the+intriguing+story+of+how+the+2+countries+became+neighbors&rft.pub=Insider+Inc.&rft.date=2019-06-27&rft.au=Bill+Bostock&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insider.com%2Fafghanistan-china-tiny-46-mile-border-what-it-is-like-2019-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfghanistan%E2%80%93China+border" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-book_Unit-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-book_Unit_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStein1903" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/Aurel_Stein" title="Aurel Stein">Stein, M. Aurel</a> (1903-06-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Neg3AQAAIAAJ&q=wakhjir+pass&pg=PA752">"Exploration in Chinese Turkestan"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Congressional_Serial_Set" title="United States Congressional Serial Set">United States Congressional Serial Set</a></i>. No. 748. Washington, D.C.: <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian Institution</a>. p. 752<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-02-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=United+States+Congressional+Serial+Set&rft.atitle=Exploration+in+Chinese+Turkestan&rft.issue=748&rft.pages=752&rft.date=1903-06-30&rft.aulast=Stein&rft.aufirst=M.+Aurel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNeg3AQAAIAAJ%26q%3Dwakhjir%2Bpass%26pg%3DPA752&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfghanistan%E2%80%93China+border" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-border_agreement-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-border_agreement_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-border_agreement_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:zh:中华人民共和国和阿富汗王国边界条约"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/zh:%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%92%8C%E9%98%BF%E5%AF%8C%E6%B1%97%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD%E8%BE%B9%E7%95%8C%E6%9D%A1%E7%BA%A6"><i>中华人民共和国和阿富汗王国边界条约</i> </a></span> [<i>Afghanistan-China Border Agreement</i>] (in Chinese). 1963-11-22 – via <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%92%8C%E9%98%BF%E5%AF%8C%E6%B1%97%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD%E8%BE%B9%E7%95%8C%E6%9D%A1%E7%BA%A6&rft.date=1963-11-22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfghanistan%E2%80%93China+border" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-web._-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-web._5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOffice_of_the_Geographer1969" class="citation web cs1">Office of the Geographer (1969-05-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150103225351/http://www.law.fsu.edu/library/collection/limitsinseas/IBS089.pdf">"International Boundary Study - Afghanistan – China Boundary"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Intelligence_and_Research" title="Bureau of Intelligence and Research">Bureau of Intelligence and Research</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.law.fsu.edu/library/collection/limitsinseas/IBS089.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2015-01-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-02-03</span></span>. <q>The Afghanistan–China boundary agreement, signed on November 22, 1963, was the fifth of these boundaries treaties initiated by the Chinese communists.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=International+Boundary+Study+-+Afghanistan+%E2%80%93+China+Boundary&rft.pub=Bureau+of+Intelligence+and+Research&rft.date=1969-05-01&rft.au=Office+of+the+Geographer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.law.fsu.edu%2Flibrary%2Fcollection%2Flimitsinseas%2FIBS089.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfghanistan%E2%80%93China+border" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.npc.gov.cn/wxzl/gongbao/2000-12/16/content_5000869.htm"><bdi lang="zh">全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于签订中华人民共和国和阿富汗王国边界条约的决议</bdi></a> (in Simplified Chinese). <a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Congress" title="National People's Congress">National People's Congress</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131017033555/http://www.npc.gov.cn/wxzl/gongbao/2000-12/16/content_5000869.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 17 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A%E5%B8%B8%E5%8A%A1%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E7%AD%BE%E8%AE%A2%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%92%8C%E9%98%BF%E5%AF%8C%E6%B1%97%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD%E8%BE%B9%E7%95%8C%E6%9D%A1%E7%BA%A6%E7%9A%84%E5%86%B3%E8%AE%AE&rft.pub=National+People%27s+Congress&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.npc.gov.cn%2Fwxzl%2Fgongbao%2F2000-12%2F16%2Fcontent_5000869.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfghanistan%E2%80%93China+border" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-caravanistan-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-caravanistan_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://caravanistan.com/border-crossings/afghanistan/">"Afghanistan border crossings"</a>. <i>Caravanistan</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-02-03</span></span>. <q>It is mostly used as a low-intensity drug-smuggling corridor to bring opium to China during the summer.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Caravanistan&rft.atitle=Afghanistan+border+crossings&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcaravanistan.com%2Fborder-crossings%2Fafghanistan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfghanistan%E2%80%93China+border" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/003200906111512.htm">Afghanistan tells China to open Wakhan corridor route</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a></i>. June 11, 2009 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110108051455/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/003200906111512.htm">Archived</a> January 8, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/8097933.stm">China mulls Afghan border request</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News_Online" title="BBC News Online">BBC News Online</a>. June 12, 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100613093607/http://www.southasiaanalysis.org//papers36/paper3579.html">South Asia Analysis Group: Paper No. 3579, 31 December 2009</a><sup><a href="/wiki/Template:Usurped/doc" title="Template:Usurped/doc">[usurped]</a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.china.com.cn/chinese/zhuanti/xjbjmy/656970.htm">"新疆对外开放口岸一览表"</a>. <i>china.com.cn</i> (in Chinese)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 December</span> 2019</span>. <q>国别:阿富汗口岸名称:托克满苏开放时间:未定说明:规划开放口岸（98年） Country: Afghanistan, Name of port: Tegermansu, Opening date: Undecided, Notes: Planning to open the port (1998)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=china.com.cn&rft.atitle=%E6%96%B0%E7%96%86%E5%AF%B9%E5%A4%96%E5%BC%80%E6%94%BE%E5%8F%A3%E5%B2%B8%E4%B8%80%E8%A7%88%E8%A1%A8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.china.com.cn%2Fchinese%2Fzhuanti%2Fxjbjmy%2F656970.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfghanistan%E2%80%93China+border" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF喀什地区发展和改革委员会_(Kashgar_Region_Development_and_Reform_Committee)2016" class="citation web cs1">喀什地区发展和改革委员会 (Kashgar Region Development and Reform Committee) (2016-03-17). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191022230313/http://www.kashi.gov.cn/UploadFiles/Article/2016/3/201603171017559267.doc">"喀什地区国民经济和社会发展第十三个五年"</a> [Kashgar Regional Economic and Social Development 13th Five-Year Plan (2016-2020)]. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kashi.gov.cn/UploadFiles/Article/2016/3/201603171017559267.doc">the original</a> on 2019-10-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 December</span> 2019</span>. <q>推进新建中国-阿富汗托克满苏陆路口岸、中国-巴基斯坦铁路口岸、中国-塔吉克斯坦铁路口岸。改善现有口岸通关条件。</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%96%80%E4%BB%80%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%92%8C%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E7%AC%AC%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%AA%E4%BA%94%E5%B9%B4&rft.date=2016-03-17&rft.au=%E5%96%80%E4%BB%80%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E5%92%8C%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A+%28Kashgar+Region+Development+and+Reform+Committee%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kashi.gov.cn%2FUploadFiles%2FArticle%2F2016%2F3%2F201603171017559267.doc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfghanistan%E2%80%93China+border" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-govdoc-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-govdoc_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150103225351/http://www.law.fsu.edu/library/collection/limitsinseas/IBS089.pdf">"International Boundary Study Afghanistan – China Boundary"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.law.fsu.edu/library/collection/LimitsinSeas/IBS089.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on January 3, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=International+Boundary+Study+Afghanistan+%E2%80%93+China+Boundary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.law.fsu.edu%2Flibrary%2Fcollection%2FLimitsinSeas%2FIBS089.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfghanistan%E2%80%93China+border" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKamoludin_Abdullaev2018" class="citation book cs1">Kamoludin Abdullaev (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OsllDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA92"><i>Historical Dictionary of Tajikistan</i></a> (3 ed.). <a href="/wiki/Rowman_%26_Littlefield" title="Rowman & Littlefield">Rowman & Littlefield</a>. p. 92. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781538102527" title="Special:BookSources/9781538102527"><bdi>9781538102527</bdi></a> – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>. <q><a href="/wiki/China-Tajikistan_border" class="mw-redirect" title="China-Tajikistan border">CHINA-TAJIK BORDER</a>.{...}This mountainous boundary runs along the <a href="/wiki/Sarikol_Range" title="Sarikol Range">Sarikol</a> mountain range in eastern Tajikistan, reaching in <a href="/wiki/Pamir_Mountains" title="Pamir Mountains">Pamir</a> the <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan-Tajikistan_border" class="mw-redirect" title="Afghanistan-Tajikistan border">Afghan border</a> at the Povalo-Shveikovskogo peak (5,543 meters above sea level).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Tajikistan&rft.pages=92&rft.edition=3&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=9781538102527&rft.au=Kamoludin+Abdullaev&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOsllDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA92&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfghanistan%E2%80%93China+border" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nj43-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nj43_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legacy.lib.utexas.edu/maps/imw/txu-oclc-6654394-nj-43-5th-ed.jpg">"NJ 43 Su-fu [U.S.S.R., China, Afghanistan, Pakistan, State of Jammu and Kashmir] Series 1301, Edition 5-AMS"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D._C." class="mw-redirect" title="Washington, D. C.">Washington, D. C.</a>: <a href="/wiki/Army_Map_Service" title="Army Map Service">Army Map Service</a>. March 1967 – via <a href="/wiki/Perry%E2%80%93Casta%C3%B1eda_Library_Map_Collection" title="Perry–Castañeda Library Map Collection">Perry–Castañeda Library Map Collection</a>. <q>Pik Povalo-Shveikovskogo</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NJ+43+Su-fu+%5BU.S.S.R.%2C+China%2C+Afghanistan%2C+Pakistan%2C+State+of+Jammu+and+Kashmir%5D+Series+1301%2C+Edition+5-AMS&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.+C.&rft.pub=Army+Map+Service&rft.date=1967-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flegacy.lib.utexas.edu%2Fmaps%2Fimw%2Ftxu-oclc-6654394-nj-43-5th-ed.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfghanistan%E2%80%93China+border" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/中华人民共和国和阿富汗王国边界条约"><bdi lang="zh">中华人民共和国和阿富汗王国边界条约</bdi></a> (in Chinese). 22 November 1963 – via <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a>. <q><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">到高程为5698米的克克拉去考勒峰（阿方图称波万洛什维科夫斯基峰）。</span></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%92%8C%E9%98%BF%E5%AF%8C%E6%B1%97%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD%E8%BE%B9%E7%95%8C%E6%9D%A1%E7%BA%A6&rft.date=1963-11-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikisource.org%2Fwiki%2F%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%92%8C%E9%98%BF%E5%AF%8C%E6%B1%97%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD%E8%BE%B9%E7%95%8C%E6%9D%A1%E7%BA%A6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfghanistan%E2%80%93China+border" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kklqklf-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kklqklf_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081204115722/http://www.seac.gov.cn/gjmw/mzjj/2004-07-06/1168929053886200.htm"><bdi lang="zh">阿富汗</bdi></a> (in Simplified Chinese). <a href="/wiki/State_Ethnic_Affairs_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="State Ethnic Affairs Commission">State Ethnic Affairs Commission</a>. 6 July 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.seac.gov.cn/gjmw/mzjj/2004-07-06/1168929053886200.htm">the original</a> on 4 December 2008. <q><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">中阿边界{...}南起中、巴、阿3国交界处的5587山峰，沿穆斯塔格山脉分水岭北行至克克拉去考勒峰。</span></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E9%98%BF%E5%AF%8C%E6%B1%97&rft.pub=State+Ethnic+Affairs+Commission&rft.date=2004-07-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seac.gov.cn%2Fgjmw%2Fmzjj%2F2004-07-06%2F1168929053886200.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfghanistan%E2%80%93China+border" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a356057.pdf">"China Report Political, Sociological and Military Affairs No. 363"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Joint_Publications_Research_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Joint Publications Research Service">United States Joint Publications Research Service</a>. 18 November 1982. p. 1. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200111103014/https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a356057.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on January 11, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2020</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Defense_Technical_Information_Center" title="Defense Technical Information Center">Defense Technical Information Center</a>. <q>If we open up the Atlas of the People's Republic of China we will find that the region of the Pamir, the western extremity of Xinjiang, from the Wuzibieli [Uzbel] Pass1 to the south down to the Kekelaqukaole Peak (which the Soviet Russians call "Pavel Shveikovsky Peak") is designated as a not limited area.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=China+Report+Political%2C+Sociological+and+Military+Affairs+No.+363&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=United+States+Joint+Publications+Research+Service&rft.date=1982-11-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapps.dtic.mil%2Fdtic%2Ftr%2Ffulltext%2Fu2%2Fa356057.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfghanistan%E2%80%93China+border" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afghanistan%E2%80%93China_border&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fall.law.fsu.edu/collection/LimitsinSeas/IBS089.pdf">International Boundary Study No. 89 – May 1, 1969 Afghanistan – China Boundary</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 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.navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Borders_of_Afghanistan22" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Borders_of_Afghanistan" title="Template:Borders of Afghanistan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Borders_of_Afghanistan" title="Template talk:Borders of Afghanistan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Borders_of_Afghanistan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Borders of Afghanistan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Borders_of_Afghanistan22" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Borders of Afghanistan</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan%E2%80%93Iran_border" title="Afghanistan–Iran border">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durand_Line" title="Durand Line">Pakistan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan%E2%80%93Pakistan_border_barrier" title="Afghanistan–Pakistan border barrier">Barrier</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan%E2%80%93Tajikistan_border" title="Afghanistan–Tajikistan border">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan%E2%80%93Turkmenistan_border" title="Afghanistan–Turkmenistan border">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan%E2%80%93Uzbekistan_border" title="Afghanistan–Uzbekistan border">Uzbekistan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Borders_of_China55" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Borders_of_China" title="Template:Borders of China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Borders_of_China" title="Template talk:Borders of China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Borders_of_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Borders of China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Borders_of_China55" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Borders_of_China" title="Borders of China">Borders of China</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b>International</b>:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutan%E2%80%93China_border" title="Bhutan–China border">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_of_Actual_Control" title="Line of Actual Control">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Kazakhstan_border" title="China–Kazakhstan border">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Kyrgyzstan_border" title="China–Kyrgyzstan border">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Laos_border" title="China–Laos border">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Mongolia_border" title="China–Mongolia border">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Myanmar_border" title="China–Myanmar border">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Nepal_border" title="China–Nepal border">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93North_Korea_border" title="China–North Korea border">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Pakistan_border" title="China–Pakistan border">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Russia_border" title="China–Russia border">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Tajikistan_border" title="China–Tajikistan border">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Vietnam_border" title="China–Vietnam border">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b>Internal</b>:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boundaries_of_Hong_Kong" title="Boundaries of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Frontier_Closed_Area" title="Frontier Closed Area">Frontier Closed Area</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boundaries_of_Macau" title="Boundaries of Macau">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" 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