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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Definitions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Definitions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Definitions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Definitions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Definitions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Definitions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-American_English" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#American_English"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>American English</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-American_English-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-British_English" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British_English"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>British English</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-British_English-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_countries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_countries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Other countries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_countries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_regulations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_regulations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Government regulations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government_regulations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Higher_parking_fee" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Higher_parking_fee"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1</span> <span>Higher parking fee</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Higher_parking_fee-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Characteristics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Characteristics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Characteristics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Characteristics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Characteristics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Characteristics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Chassis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chassis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Chassis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chassis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Body_style" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Body_style"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Body style</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Body_style-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Safety" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Safety"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Safety</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Safety-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environmental_impact" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environmental_impact"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Environmental impact</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environmental_impact-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Types_of_SUV" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types_of_SUV"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Types of SUV</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Types_of_SUV-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Types of SUV subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Types_of_SUV-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Crossover_SUV" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crossover_SUV"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Crossover SUV</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crossover_SUV-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mini_SUV" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mini_SUV"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Mini SUV</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mini_SUV-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Compact_SUV" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Compact_SUV"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Compact SUV</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Compact_SUV-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mid-size_SUV" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mid-size_SUV"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Mid-size SUV</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mid-size_SUV-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Full-size_SUV" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Full-size_SUV"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Full-size SUV</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Full-size_SUV-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Extended-length_SUV" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Extended-length_SUV"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Extended-length SUV</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Extended-length_SUV-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coupe_SUV" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coupe_SUV"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.7</span> <span>Coupe SUV</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coupe_SUV-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1930s_to_1948" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1930s_to_1948"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>1930s to 1948</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1930s_to_1948-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1949_to_1970s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1949_to_1970s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>1949 to 1970s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1949_to_1970s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1980s_to_1990s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1980s_to_1990s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>1980s to 1990s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1980s_to_1990s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2000s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2000s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>2000s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2000s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2010s_to_2020s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2010s_to_2020s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>2010s to 2020s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2010s_to_2020s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Motorsport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Motorsport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Motorsport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Motorsport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nicknames" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nicknames"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Nicknames</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nicknames-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commercial_SUVs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commercial_SUVs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Commercial SUVs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commercial_SUVs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">SUV</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 52 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-52" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">52 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sportnutsvoertuig" title="Sportnutsvoertuig – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Sportnutsvoertuig" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B6" title="سيارة رياضية متعددة الأغراض – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سيارة رياضية متعددة الأغراض" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/SUV" title="SUV – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="SUV" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF" title="এসইউভি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="এসইউভি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mubil_SUV" title="Mubil SUV – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Mubil SUV" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D1%81_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Автомобил с повишена проходимост – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Автомобил с повишена проходимост" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_esportiu_utilitari" title="Vehicle esportiu utilitari – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Vehicle esportiu utilitari" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/SUV" title="SUV – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="SUV" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/SUV" title="SUV – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="SUV" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_Utility_Vehicle" title="Sport Utility Vehicle – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sport Utility Vehicle" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/SUV" title="SUV – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="SUV" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veh%C3%ADculo_utilitario_deportivo" title="Vehículo utilitario deportivo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Vehículo utilitario deportivo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sporta_Util-Veturilo" title="Sporta Util-Veturilo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Sporta Util-Veturilo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirol_ibilgailu_utilitario" title="Kirol ibilgailu utilitario – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kirol ibilgailu utilitario" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF" title="خودروی شاسی‌بلند – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خودروی شاسی‌بلند" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_utility_vehicle" title="Sport utility vehicle – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sport utility vehicle" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veh%C3%ADculo_deportivo_utilitario" title="Vehículo deportivo utilitario – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Vehículo deportivo utilitario" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%ED%8F%AC%EC%B8%A0_%EC%9C%A0%ED%8B%B8%EB%A6%AC%ED%8B%B0_%EC%9E%90%EB%8F%99%EC%B0%A8" title="스포츠 유틸리티 자동차 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="스포츠 유틸리티 자동차" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%AE%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%BD%D5%BA%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%B4%D5%A5%D6%84%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A1" title="Գործնական սպորտային ավտոմեքենա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գործնական սպորտային ավտոմեքենա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terenac" title="Terenac – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Terenac" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobil_KDC" title="Mobil KDC – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mobil KDC" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_Utility_Vehicle" title="Sport Utility Vehicle – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sport Utility Vehicle" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/SUV" title="SUV – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="SUV" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98)" title="სპორტული უნივერსალი (ავტომობილი) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სპორტული უნივერსალი (ავტომობილი)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padidinto_prava%C5%BEumo_automobilis" title="Padidinto pravažumo automobilis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Padidinto pravažumo automobilis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utcai_terepj%C3%A1r%C3%B3" title="Utcai terepjáró – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Utcai terepjáró" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Теренец – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Теренец" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenderaan_utiliti_sukan" title="Kenderaan utiliti sukan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kenderaan utiliti sukan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_Utility_Vehicle" title="Sport Utility Vehicle – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Sport Utility Vehicle" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports_utility_vehicle" title="Sports utility vehicle – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Sports utility vehicle" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9D%E3%83%BC%E3%83%84%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A6%E3%83%BC%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%AA%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%93%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AB" title="スポーツ・ユーティリティ・ビークル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="スポーツ・ユーティリティ・ビークル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/SUV_(kj%C3%B8ret%C3%B8y)" title="SUV (kjøretøy) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="SUV (kjøretøy)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/SUV" title="SUV – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="SUV" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/SUV" title="SUV – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="SUV" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/SUV" title="SUV – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="SUV" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ve%C3%ADculo_utilit%C3%A1rio_esportivo" title="Veículo utilitário esportivo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Veículo utilitário esportivo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/SUV" title="SUV – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="SUV" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/SUV" title="SUV – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="SUV" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_utility_vehicle" title="Sport utility vehicle – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Sport utility vehicle" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/SUV" title="SUV – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="SUV" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/SUV" title="SUV – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="SUV" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0portovo-%C3%BA%C5%BEitkov%C3%A9_vozidlo" title="Športovo-úžitkové vozidlo – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Športovo-úžitkové vozidlo" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Теренски аутомобил – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Теренски аутомобил" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terenac" title="Terenac – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Terenac" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katumaasturi" title="Katumaasturi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Katumaasturi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stadsjeep" title="Stadsjeep – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Stadsjeep" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/SUV" title="SUV – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="SUV" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/SUV" title="SUV – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="SUV" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DA%BE%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%88%DA%BA_%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C_%DA%AF%D8%A7%DA%91%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%BA" title="کھیلوں کی صلاحیت والی گاڑیاں – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کھیلوں کی صلاحیت والی گاڑیاں" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xe_th%E1%BB%83_thao_%C4%91a_d%E1%BB%A5ng" title="Xe thể thao đa dụng – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Xe thể thao đa dụng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95%E5%9E%8B%E5%A4%9A%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD%E8%BB%8A" title="運動型多功能車 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="運動型多功能車" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E5%9E%8B%E5%A4%9A%E7%94%A8%E9%80%94%E8%BD%A6" title="运动型多用途车 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="运动型多用途车" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q192152#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage 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mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Type of automobile</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For others, see <a href="/wiki/SUV_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="SUV (disambiguation)">SUV (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output 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typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kia_Mohave_3.0_D_HM_PE2_Snow_White_Pearl_(34)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Kia_Mohave_3.0_D_HM_PE2_Snow_White_Pearl_%2834%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Kia_Mohave_3.0_D_HM_PE2_Snow_White_Pearl_%2834%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Kia_Mohave_3.0_D_HM_PE2_Snow_White_Pearl_%2834%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Kia_Mohave_3.0_D_HM_PE2_Snow_White_Pearl_%2834%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Kia_Mohave_3.0_D_HM_PE2_Snow_White_Pearl_%2834%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Kia_Mohave_3.0_D_HM_PE2_Snow_White_Pearl_%2834%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3935" data-file-height="2203" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">2020 <a href="/wiki/Kia_Mohave" title="Kia Mohave">Kia Mohave</a> <span class="nowrap">mid-size SUV</span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Toyota_Land_Cruiser_VX_VJA300W.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Toyota_Land_Cruiser_VX_VJA300W.jpg/220px-Toyota_Land_Cruiser_VX_VJA300W.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Toyota_Land_Cruiser_VX_VJA300W.jpg/330px-Toyota_Land_Cruiser_VX_VJA300W.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Toyota_Land_Cruiser_VX_VJA300W.jpg/440px-Toyota_Land_Cruiser_VX_VJA300W.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="816" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">2022 <a href="/wiki/Toyota_Land_Cruiser" title="Toyota Land Cruiser">Toyota Land Cruiser</a> <span class="nowrap">large SUV</span></div></div></div></div></div> <p>A <b>sport utility vehicle</b> (<b>SUV</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/Car_classification" title="Car classification">car classification</a> that combines elements of road-going passenger <a href="/wiki/Car" title="Car">cars</a> with features from <a href="/wiki/Off-road_vehicle" title="Off-road vehicle">off-road vehicles</a>, such as raised <a href="/wiki/Ground_clearance" class="mw-redirect" title="Ground clearance">ground clearance</a> and <a href="/wiki/Four-wheel_drive" title="Four-wheel drive">four-wheel drive</a>. </p><p>There is no commonly agreed-upon definition of an SUV, and usage of the term varies between countries. Thus, it is "a loose term that traditionally covers a broad range of vehicles with four-wheel drive."<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some definitions claim that an SUV must be built on a <a href="/wiki/Light_truck" title="Light truck">light truck</a> chassis; however, broader definitions consider any vehicle with off-road design features to be an SUV. A <a href="/wiki/Crossover_(automobile)" title="Crossover (automobile)">crossover SUV</a> is often defined as an SUV built with a <a href="/wiki/Unibody" class="mw-redirect" title="Unibody">unibody</a> construction (as with passenger cars); however, the designations are increasingly blurred because of the capabilities of the vehicles, the labelling by marketers, and the electrification of new models.<sup id="cite_ref-Wardlaw_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wardlaw-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The predecessors to SUVs date back to military and low-volume models from the late 1930s, and the four-wheel-drive <a href="/wiki/Station_wagon" title="Station wagon">station wagons</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carryall#Automobile" title="Carryall">carryalls</a> that began to be introduced in 1949. Some SUVs produced today use unibody construction; however, in the past, more SUVs used <a href="/wiki/Body-on-frame" title="Body-on-frame">body-on-frame</a> construction. During the late 1990s and early 2000s, the popularity of SUVs significantly increased, often at the expense of the popularity of large <a href="/wiki/Sedan_(automobile)" title="Sedan (automobile)">sedans</a> and station wagons. SUVs accounted for 45.9% of the world's passenger car market in 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>SUVs <a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_SUVs" title="Criticism of SUVs">have been criticized</a> for a variety of environmental and safety-related reasons. They generally have poorer <a href="/wiki/Fuel_efficiency" title="Fuel efficiency">fuel efficiency</a> and require more resources to manufacture than smaller vehicles, contributing more to <a href="/wiki/Human-made_climate_change" class="mw-redirect" title="Human-made climate change">climate change</a> and <a href="/wiki/Environmental_degradation" title="Environmental degradation">environmental degradation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-InternationalEnergy_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-InternationalEnergy-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 2010 and 2018, SUVs were the second-largest contributor to the global increase in carbon emissions worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-Kommenda_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kommenda-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their higher center of gravity increases their risk of <a href="/wiki/Vehicle_rollover" title="Vehicle rollover">rollovers</a>. Their higher front-end profile makes them at least twice as likely to kill <a href="/wiki/Pedestrian" title="Pedestrian">pedestrians</a> they hit.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Freep_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Freep-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, the psychological sense of security they provide influences drivers to drive less cautiously,<sup id="cite_ref-Big_and_bad_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Big_and_bad-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and may in-turn, cause others with smaller vehicles to opt for SUVs in the future under the sense of security, all the while increasing the rate of fatalities of pedestrians.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definitions">Definitions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SUV&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Definitions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There is no universally accepted definition of the sport utility vehicle.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBradsher20024_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBradsher20024-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dictionaries, automotive experts, and journalists use varying wordings and defining characteristics, in addition to regional variations of usage by both the media and the general public. The auto industry also has not settled on one definition of the SUV.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBradsher20024_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBradsher20024-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="American_English">American English</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SUV&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: American English"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Automotive websites' descriptions of SUVs range from specifically "combining car-like appointments and wagon practicality with steadfast off-road capability" with "chair-height seats and picture-window visibility"<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to the more general "nearly anything with available all-wheel drive and raised ground clearance".<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also suggested that the term "SUV" has replaced "jeep" as a general term for off-road vehicles.<sup id="cite_ref-Language_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Language-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>American dictionary definitions for SUVs include: </p> <ul><li>"rugged automotive vehicle similar to a station wagon but built on a <a href="/wiki/Light_truck" title="Light truck">light-truck</a> chassis"<sup id="cite_ref-MWSUV_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MWSUV-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>"automobile similar to a station wagon but built on a light truck frame"<sup id="cite_ref-MWfull_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MWfull-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>"large vehicle that is designed to be used on rough surfaces but that is often used on city roads or highways"<sup id="cite_ref-MWSUV_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MWSUV-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>"passenger vehicle similar to a station wagon but with the chassis of a small truck and, usually, four-wheel drive"<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="British_English">British English</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SUV&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: British English"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In British English, the terms "4x4" (pronounced "four-by-four"), "jeep", four wheel drive, or "off-road vehicle" are generally used instead of "sport utility vehicle". The sardonic term "Chelsea tractor" is also commonly used, due to the perceived popularity of the vehicles with urban residents of <a href="/wiki/Chelsea,_London" title="Chelsea, London">Chelsea, London</a>, and their likeness to vehicles used by farmers.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in the 2020s, the term SUV has entered usage in the United Kingdom<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Collins_English_Dictionary" title="Collins English Dictionary">Collins English Dictionary</a></i> defines a sport utility vehicle as a "powerful vehicle with four-wheel drive that can be driven over rough ground. The abbreviation SUV is often used."<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_countries">Other countries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SUV&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Other countries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Europe, the term SUV is generally used for road-oriented vehicles, described as "J-segment" by the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EEC_Merger_Procedure_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EEC_Merger_Procedure-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Four-by-four" or the brand name of the vehicle is typically used for off-road-oriented vehicles. Similarly, in New Zealand, vehicles designed for off-road use are typically referred to as "four-wheel drives" instead of SUVs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Government_regulations">Government regulations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SUV&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Government regulations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the United States, many government regulations simply have categories for "off-highway vehicles" which are loosely defined and often result in SUVs (along with pick-up trucks and <a href="/wiki/Minivans" class="mw-redirect" title="Minivans">minivans</a>) being classified as <a href="/wiki/Light_trucks" class="mw-redirect" title="Light trucks">light trucks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBradsher20024_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBradsher20024-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, <a href="/wiki/Corporate_average_fuel_economy" title="Corporate average fuel economy">corporate average fuel economy</a> (CAFE) regulations previously included "permit greater cargo-carrying capacity than passenger carrying volume" in the definition for trucks, resulting in cars with removable rear seats, like the PT Cruiser, being classified as light trucks.<sup id="cite_ref-carortruck_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-carortruck-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This classification as trucks allowed SUVs to be regulated less strictly than passenger cars under the <a href="/wiki/Energy_Policy_and_Conservation_Act" title="Energy Policy and Conservation Act">Energy Policy and Conservation Act</a> for fuel economy, and the <a href="/wiki/Clean_Air_Act_(United_States)" title="Clean Air Act (United States)">Clean Air Act</a> for emissions.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, from 2004 onwards, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="United States Environmental Protection Agency">United States Environmental Protection Agency</a> (EPA) began to hold sport utility vehicles to the same tailpipe emissions standards as cars for criteria pollutants, though not greenhouse gas emissions standards as they were not set until 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2011, the CAFE regulations were changed to classify small, two-wheel-drive SUVs as passenger cars.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, the licensing and traffic enforcement regulations in the United States vary from state to state, and an SUV may be classified as a car in some states but as a truck in others.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For industry production statistics, SUVs are counted in the light truck product segment.<sup id="cite_ref-frost&sullivan_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frost&sullivan-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In India, all SUVs are classified in the "Utility Vehicle" category per the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Indian_Automobile_Manufacturers" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers">Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers</a> (SIAM) definitions and carry a 27% excise tax.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Those that are 4 metres (13 feet) long, have a 1,500 cc (92 cu in) engine or larger, along with 170 mm (6.7 in) of ground clearance, are subject to a 30% excise duty.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Australia, SUV sales were helped by having lower <a href="/wiki/Import_duty" class="mw-redirect" title="Import duty">import duties</a> than passenger cars. Up until January 2010, SUVs were subject to a 5% import tariff, compared with 10% for passenger cars.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Higher_parking_fee">Higher parking fee</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SUV&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Higher parking fee"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In February 2024, voters in Paris mandated a triple parking charge rate for SUVs, citing environmental impact and street capacity; this followed similar decisions in <a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a> and <a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCbingen" title="Tübingen">Tübingen</a> with similar ordinances being considered by London, Brussels and Amsterdam.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SUV&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chassis">Chassis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SUV&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Chassis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%93%D0%90%D0%97_%D0%9C-72_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/%D0%93%D0%90%D0%97_%D0%9C-72_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0.JPG/220px-%D0%93%D0%90%D0%97_%D0%9C-72_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/%D0%93%D0%90%D0%97_%D0%9C-72_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0.JPG/330px-%D0%93%D0%90%D0%97_%D0%9C-72_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/%D0%93%D0%90%D0%97_%D0%9C-72_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0.JPG/440px-%D0%93%D0%90%D0%97_%D0%9C-72_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4037" data-file-height="2691" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">1955–1958 <a href="/wiki/GAZ-M20_Pobeda#Versions" title="GAZ-M20 Pobeda">GAZ M-72 Pobeda</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LADA_NIVA_4x4_7832.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/LADA_NIVA_4x4_7832.jpg/220px-LADA_NIVA_4x4_7832.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/LADA_NIVA_4x4_7832.jpg/330px-LADA_NIVA_4x4_7832.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/LADA_NIVA_4x4_7832.jpg/440px-LADA_NIVA_4x4_7832.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">1977–1993 <a href="/wiki/Lada_Niva" title="Lada Niva">Lada Niva</a></div></div></div></div></div> <p>Many years after most passenger cars had transitioned to <a href="/wiki/Unibody" class="mw-redirect" title="Unibody">unibody</a> construction, most SUVs continued to use a separate <a href="/wiki/Body-on-frame" title="Body-on-frame">body-on-frame</a> method, due to being based on the chassis from a <a href="/wiki/Light_truck" title="Light truck">light truck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Commercial_vehicle" title="Commercial vehicle">commercial vehicle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pickup_truck" title="Pickup truck">pickup truck</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Off-road_vehicle" title="Off-road vehicle">off-road vehicle</a>. </p><p>The first mass-produced <a href="/wiki/Unibody" class="mw-redirect" title="Unibody">unibody</a> four-wheel-drive passenger car was the Russian 1955 <a href="/wiki/GAZ-M20_Pobeda#Versions" title="GAZ-M20 Pobeda">GAZ-M20 Pobeda M-72</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which could be considered the first crossover car. The 1977 <a href="/wiki/Lada_Niva" title="Lada Niva">Lada Niva</a> was the first off-road vehicle to use both a unibody construction and a coil-sprung <a href="/wiki/Independent_front_suspension" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent front suspension">independent front suspension</a>. The relatively compact Niva is considered a predecessor to the crossover SUV and combines a hatchback-like passenger car body with full-time four-wheel drive, low-range gearing, and lockable center differential. </p><p>Nonetheless, unibody SUVs remained rare until the 1984 Jeep Cherokee (XJ) was introduced and became a sales success. The introduction of the 1993 <a href="/wiki/Jeep_Grand_Cherokee" title="Jeep Grand Cherokee">Jeep Grand Cherokee</a> resulted in all Jeep SUV models using unibody construction,<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with many other brands following suit since the mid-1990s. Today, most SUVs in production use a unibody construction and relatively few models continue to use body-on-frame construction. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Body_style">Body style</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SUV&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Body style"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>SUVs are typically of a <a href="/wiki/Three-box_styling#Two-box_design" class="mw-redirect" title="Three-box styling">two-box design</a> similar to a <a href="/wiki/Station_wagon" title="Station wagon">station wagon</a>. The engine compartment is in the front, followed by a combined passenger/cargo area (unlike a sedan, which has a separate trunk/boot compartment). </p><p>Up until approximately 2010, many SUV models were available in two-door body styles.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since then, manufacturers began to discontinue the two-door models as the four-door models became more popular.<sup id="cite_ref-Stop2DrSuvs_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stop2DrSuvs-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2DrFail_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2DrFail-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A few two-door SUVs remain available, such as the body-on-frame <a href="/wiki/Suzuki_Jimny" title="Suzuki Jimny">Suzuki Jimny</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mahindra_Thar" title="Mahindra Thar">Mahindra Thar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toyota_Land_Cruiser_Prado" title="Toyota Land Cruiser Prado">Toyota Land Cruiser Prado</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ford_Bronco" title="Ford Bronco">Ford Bronco</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Jeep_Wrangler" title="Jeep Wrangler">Jeep Wrangler</a><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as the <a href="/wiki/Range_Rover_Evoque" title="Range Rover Evoque">Range Rover Evoque</a> crossover SUV. </p> <div style="clear:right;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Safety">Safety</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SUV&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Safety"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_sport_utility_vehicles" class="mw-redirect" title="Criticism of sport utility vehicles">Criticism of sport utility vehicles</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ford_Focus_versus_Ford_Explorer_crash_test_IIHS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Ford_Focus_versus_Ford_Explorer_crash_test_IIHS.jpg/220px-Ford_Focus_versus_Ford_Explorer_crash_test_IIHS.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Ford_Focus_versus_Ford_Explorer_crash_test_IIHS.jpg/330px-Ford_Focus_versus_Ford_Explorer_crash_test_IIHS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Ford_Focus_versus_Ford_Explorer_crash_test_IIHS.jpg/440px-Ford_Focus_versus_Ford_Explorer_crash_test_IIHS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Side impact damage on a <a href="/wiki/Ford_Focus" title="Ford Focus">Ford Focus</a> small car when struck by a <a href="/wiki/Ford_Explorer" title="Ford Explorer">Ford Explorer</a> SUV</figcaption></figure> <p>SUVs typically have high ground clearance and a tall body. This results in a high <a href="/wiki/Center_of_mass" title="Center of mass">center of mass</a>, which made SUVs more prone to <a href="/wiki/Vehicle_rollover" title="Vehicle rollover">roll-over accidents</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CCSThrg_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CCSThrg-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2003, SUVs were quoted as 2.5 times more likely to roll over in a crash than regular cars and that SUV roofs were more likely to cave in on passengers than in other cars, resulting in increased harm to passengers.<sup id="cite_ref-CCSThrg_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CCSThrg-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Between 1991 and 2001, the United States saw a 150% increase in sport-utility vehicle rollover deaths. In 2001, though roll-overs constituted just 3% of vehicle crashes overall, they caused over 30% of occupant fatalities in crashes;<sup id="cite_ref-CCSThrg_52-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CCSThrg-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in crashes where the vehicle did roll over, SUV occupants in the early 2000s were nearly three times as likely to be killed as other car passengers.<sup id="cite_ref-CCSThrg_52-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CCSThrg-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vehicles with a high center of gravity do sometimes fail the <a href="/wiki/Moose_test" title="Moose test">moose test</a> of maneuverability conducted by Swedish consumer magazine <a href="/wiki/Teknikens_V%C3%A4rld" title="Teknikens Värld">Teknikens Värld</a>, for example, the 1997 <a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_A-Class" title="Mercedes-Benz A-Class">Mercedes-Benz A-Class</a> and 2011 <a href="/wiki/Jeep_Grand_Cherokee" title="Jeep Grand Cherokee">Jeep Grand Cherokee</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The increasing popularity of SUVs in the 1990s and early 2000s was partly due to buyers perceiving that SUVs provide greater <a href="/wiki/Car_safety" class="mw-redirect" title="Car safety">safety</a> for occupants, due to their larger size and raised ride height.<sup id="cite_ref-CCSThrg_52-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CCSThrg-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBradsher2002_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBradsher2002-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Regarding the safety of other road users, SUVs are exempted from U.S. regulation stating that a passenger car bumper must protect the area between 16 and 20 inches (41 and 51 cm) above the ground. This often increases the damage to the other car in a collision with an SUV, because the impact occurs at a higher location on the other car.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2000–2001, 60% of fatal side-impact collisions were where the other vehicle was an SUV, an increase from 30% in 1980–1981.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The introduction of <a href="/wiki/Electronic_stability_control" title="Electronic stability control">electronic stability control</a> (ESC) and rollover mitigation, as well as increased analysis of the risks of a rollover, led the IIHS to report in 2015 that "the rollover death rate of 5 per million registered vehicle years for 2011 models is less than a quarter of what it was for 2004 models. With ESC dramatically reducing rollover risk, the inherent advantages offered by SUVs' greater size, weight, and height emerge more clearly. Today's SUVs have the lowest driver death rate of any vehicle type."<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The high danger for cyclists and pedestrians of being seriously injured or even killed by SUV drivers has caused some public protests against SUVs in urban areas.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2020, a study by the U.S.-based <a href="/wiki/IIHS" class="mw-redirect" title="IIHS">IIHS</a> found that, of a sample of 79 crashes from three urban areas in Michigan, SUVs caused more serious injuries compared to cars when impacts occurred at greater than 31 km/h (19 mph). The IIHS noted the sample size of the study was small and that more research is needed.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The popularity of SUVs contributed to an increase in pedestrian fatalities in the U.S. during the 2010s, alongside other factors such as distracted and drunk driving.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 2021 study by the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Illinois_Springfield" title="University of Illinois Springfield">University of Illinois Springfield</a> showed that SUVs are 8 times more likely to kill children in a collision than passenger cars, and multiple times more lethal to adult pedestrians and cyclists.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Environmental_impact">Environmental impact</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SUV&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Environmental impact"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_sport_utility_vehicles" class="mw-redirect" title="Criticism of sport utility vehicles">Criticism of sport utility vehicles</a></div> <p>SUVs generally have poorer <a href="/wiki/Fuel_efficiency" title="Fuel efficiency">fuel efficiency</a> than smaller cars,<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and thus contribute more to environmental degradation and <a href="/wiki/Global_warming" class="mw-redirect" title="Global warming">global warming</a>. </p><p>SUVs emit about 700 <a href="/wiki/Megatonne" class="mw-redirect" title="Megatonne">megatonnes</a> of <a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide">carbon dioxide</a> per year,<sup id="cite_ref-InternationalEnergy_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-InternationalEnergy-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a gas that is linked to global warming. According to the <a href="/wiki/International_Energy_Agency" title="International Energy Agency">International Energy Agency</a>, from 2010 SUVs have been the second-largest contributor to the increase in global CO<sub style="font-size: 80%;vertical-align: -0.35em">2</sub> emissions, second only to the power sector.<sup id="cite_ref-InternationalEnergy_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-InternationalEnergy-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>SUVs were responsible for all of the 3.3 million <a href="/wiki/Barrel_(unit)" title="Barrel (unit)">barrels</a> a day growth in oil demand from passenger cars between 2010 and 2018, whereas efficiency improvements in smaller cars saved over 2 million barrels a day, with electric cars reducing oil demand by under 100,000 barrels a day.<sup id="cite_ref-InternationalEnergy_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-InternationalEnergy-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Whereas SUVs can be <a href="/wiki/Electric_vehicle_conversion" title="Electric vehicle conversion">electrified</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or converted to run on <a href="/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle" title="Alternative fuel vehicle">a variety of alternative fuels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_internal_combustion_engine_vehicle#Adaptation_of_existing_engines" title="Hydrogen internal combustion engine vehicle">including hydrogen</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> their (manufacturing) emissions will always be larger than smaller electric cars.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On average, SUVs consume about a quarter more energy than medium-size cars.<sup id="cite_ref-InternationalEnergy_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-InternationalEnergy-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, the vast majority of these vehicles are not converted to use alternative fuels. </p><p>Between 2010 and 2018 SUVs were the second largest contributor to the global increase in carbon emissions worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-Kommenda_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kommenda-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types_of_SUV">Types of SUV</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SUV&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Types of SUV"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crossover_SUV">Crossover SUV</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SUV&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Crossover SUV"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Crossover_(automobile)" title="Crossover (automobile)">Crossover (automobile)</a></div> <p>The "crossover SUV" segment (also known as "CUVs" or simply "crossovers") has become increasingly popular since around 2010. Crossovers are often based on a platform shared with a passenger car, as a result, they typically have better comfort and fuel economy, but less off-road capability (many crossovers are sold without all-wheel drive) than pickup truck-based SUVs.<sup id="cite_ref-intelli_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-intelli-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cnn1_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnn1-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autos.aol.com_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autos.aol.com-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The difference between crossovers and other SUVs is sometimes defined as a crossover being built using a <a href="/wiki/Unibody" class="mw-redirect" title="Unibody">unibody</a> platform (the type used by most passenger cars), while an SUV is built using a <a href="/wiki/Body-on-frame" title="Body-on-frame">body-on-frame</a> platform (the type used by off-road vehicles and light trucks).<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, these definitions are often blurred in practice, since unibody vehicles are also often referred to as SUVs.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also, crossover is a relatively recent term and early unibody SUVs (such as the 1984 Jeep Cherokee) are rarely called crossovers. Due to these inconsistencies, the term SUV is often used as a catch-all for both crossovers and SUVs.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Outside of the United States, the term crossover tends to be used for <a href="/wiki/C-segment" title="C-segment">C-segment</a> (<a href="/wiki/Compact_car" title="Compact car">compact</a>) or smaller vehicles, with large unibody vehicles—such as the <a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_GLS-Class" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercedes-Benz GLS-Class">Mercedes-Benz GLS-Class</a>, <a href="/wiki/BMW_X7" title="BMW X7">BMW X7</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Range_Rover" title="Range Rover">Range Rover</a>—usually referred to as SUVs rather than crossovers. In the United Kingdom, a crossover is sometimes defined as a hatchback model with raised ride height and SUV-like styling features.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd>Examples: <a href="/wiki/Category:Crossover_sport_utility_vehicles" title="Category:Crossover sport utility vehicles">Category:Crossover sport utility vehicles</a> <small style="">( 412 )</small></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mini_SUV">Mini SUV</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SUV&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Mini SUV"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Subcompact_crossover_SUV" title="Subcompact crossover SUV">Subcompact crossover SUV</a></div> <p>The smallest size class of SUVs is the "mini SUV". In Japan, SUVs under 3,400 mm (133.9 in)—such as the <a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Pajero_Mini" title="Mitsubishi Pajero Mini">Mitsubishi Pajero Mini</a>—are included in the <a href="/wiki/Kei_car" title="Kei car">kei car</a> category and therefore attract lower taxes. </p><p>Many recent vehicles labeled as mini SUVs are technically <a href="/wiki/Subcompact_crossover" class="mw-redirect" title="Subcompact crossover">subcompact crossovers</a> and are built on the platform of a subcompact (also called supermini or B-segment) passenger car. </p> <dl><dd>Examples: <a href="/wiki/Category:Mini_sport_utility_vehicles" title="Category:Mini sport utility vehicles">Category:Mini sport utility vehicles</a> <small style="">( 109 )</small></dd></dl> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 167.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 165.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mitsubishi_Pajero_Pinin_front_20100525.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mitsubishi Pajero Pinin, mini SUV"><img alt="Mitsubishi Pajero Pinin, mini SUV" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Mitsubishi_Pajero_Pinin_front_20100525.jpg/248px-Mitsubishi_Pajero_Pinin_front_20100525.jpg" decoding="async" width="166" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Mitsubishi_Pajero_Pinin_front_20100525.jpg/373px-Mitsubishi_Pajero_Pinin_front_20100525.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Mitsubishi_Pajero_Pinin_front_20100525.jpg/496px-Mitsubishi_Pajero_Pinin_front_20100525.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2456" data-file-height="1635" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Pajero_Pinin" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitsubishi Pajero Pinin">Mitsubishi Pajero Pinin</a>, mini SUV</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 198px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 196px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2019_Suzuki_Jimny_SZ5_4X4_Automatic_1.5.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Suzuki Jimny, off-road mini SUV"><img alt="Suzuki Jimny, off-road mini SUV" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/2019_Suzuki_Jimny_SZ5_4X4_Automatic_1.5.jpg/294px-2019_Suzuki_Jimny_SZ5_4X4_Automatic_1.5.jpg" decoding="async" width="196" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/2019_Suzuki_Jimny_SZ5_4X4_Automatic_1.5.jpg/442px-2019_Suzuki_Jimny_SZ5_4X4_Automatic_1.5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/2019_Suzuki_Jimny_SZ5_4X4_Automatic_1.5.jpg/588px-2019_Suzuki_Jimny_SZ5_4X4_Automatic_1.5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2724" data-file-height="1531" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Suzuki_Jimny" title="Suzuki Jimny">Suzuki Jimny</a>, off-road mini SUV</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Compact_SUV">Compact SUV</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SUV&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Compact SUV"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Compact_sport_utility_vehicle" title="Compact sport utility vehicle">Compact sport utility vehicle</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Compact_crossover_SUV" title="Compact crossover SUV">Compact crossover SUV</a></div> <p>The "compact SUV" is the next bigger-size class after mini SUVs. </p><p>Many recent vehicles labeled as compact SUVs are technically <a href="/wiki/Compact_crossover" class="mw-redirect" title="Compact crossover">compact crossovers</a> and are built on the platform of a compact (C-segment) passenger car. </p> <dl><dd>Examples: <a href="/wiki/Category:Compact_sport_utility_vehicles" title="Category:Compact sport utility vehicles">Category:Compact sport utility vehicles</a> <small style="">( 237 )</small></dd></dl> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 168px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 166px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nissan_Xterra_--_04-22-2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nissan Xterra, compact truck-based SUV"><img alt="Nissan Xterra, compact truck-based SUV" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Nissan_Xterra_--_04-22-2010.jpg/249px-Nissan_Xterra_--_04-22-2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="166" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Nissan_Xterra_--_04-22-2010.jpg/374px-Nissan_Xterra_--_04-22-2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Nissan_Xterra_--_04-22-2010.jpg/498px-Nissan_Xterra_--_04-22-2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1237" data-file-height="820" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Nissan_Xterra" title="Nissan Xterra">Nissan Xterra</a>, compact truck-based SUV</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 168px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 166px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Land_Rover_Defender_(L663)_at_IAA_2019_IMG_0688.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Land Rover Defender 90"><img alt="Land Rover Defender 90" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Land_Rover_Defender_%28L663%29_at_IAA_2019_IMG_0688.jpg/249px-Land_Rover_Defender_%28L663%29_at_IAA_2019_IMG_0688.jpg" decoding="async" width="166" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Land_Rover_Defender_%28L663%29_at_IAA_2019_IMG_0688.jpg/374px-Land_Rover_Defender_%28L663%29_at_IAA_2019_IMG_0688.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Land_Rover_Defender_%28L663%29_at_IAA_2019_IMG_0688.jpg/497px-Land_Rover_Defender_%28L663%29_at_IAA_2019_IMG_0688.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3824" data-file-height="2538" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_Defender_(L663)" title="Land Rover Defender (L663)">Land Rover Defender 90</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 214.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 212.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1994-1997_Jeep_Cherokee_(XJ)_Sport_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jeep Cherokee, unibody SUV"><img alt="Jeep Cherokee, unibody SUV" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/1994-1997_Jeep_Cherokee_%28XJ%29_Sport_01.jpg/319px-1994-1997_Jeep_Cherokee_%28XJ%29_Sport_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="213" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/1994-1997_Jeep_Cherokee_%28XJ%29_Sport_01.jpg/479px-1994-1997_Jeep_Cherokee_%28XJ%29_Sport_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/1994-1997_Jeep_Cherokee_%28XJ%29_Sport_01.jpg/637px-1994-1997_Jeep_Cherokee_%28XJ%29_Sport_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2540" data-file-height="1316" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Jeep_Cherokee_(XJ)" title="Jeep Cherokee (XJ)">Jeep Cherokee</a>, unibody SUV</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mid-size_SUV">Mid-size SUV</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SUV&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Mid-size SUV"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Crossover_(automobile)#D" title="Crossover (automobile)">Mid-size crossover SUV</a></div> <p>The next larger size is called the "mid-size SUV". Some mid-size SUVs are based on platforms shared with passenger cars and therefore, are crossovers. Other mid-size SUVs are based on compact or mid-size pickups. </p> <dl><dd>Examples: <a href="/wiki/Category:Mid-size_sport_utility_vehicles" title="Category:Mid-size sport utility vehicles">Category:Mid-size sport utility vehicles</a> <small style="">( 231 )</small></dd></dl> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 183.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2021_Toyota_Fortuner_4.0_SRV_4x4_(Colombia)_front_view.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Toyota Fortuner (also called SW4), mid-size truck-based SUV"><img alt="Toyota Fortuner (also called SW4), mid-size truck-based SUV" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/2021_Toyota_Fortuner_4.0_SRV_4x4_%28Colombia%29_front_view.png/275px-2021_Toyota_Fortuner_4.0_SRV_4x4_%28Colombia%29_front_view.png" decoding="async" width="184" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/2021_Toyota_Fortuner_4.0_SRV_4x4_%28Colombia%29_front_view.png/413px-2021_Toyota_Fortuner_4.0_SRV_4x4_%28Colombia%29_front_view.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/2021_Toyota_Fortuner_4.0_SRV_4x4_%28Colombia%29_front_view.png/550px-2021_Toyota_Fortuner_4.0_SRV_4x4_%28Colombia%29_front_view.png 2x" data-file-width="2399" data-file-height="1440" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Toyota_Fortuner" title="Toyota Fortuner">Toyota Fortuner</a> (also called SW4), mid-size truck-based SUV</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 165.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 163.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ford_Bronco_4-Door.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ford Bronco, off-road mid-size SUV with a compact two-door version available"><img alt="Ford Bronco, off-road mid-size SUV with a compact two-door version available" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Ford_Bronco_4-Door.jpg/245px-Ford_Bronco_4-Door.jpg" decoding="async" width="164" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Ford_Bronco_4-Door.jpg/368px-Ford_Bronco_4-Door.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Ford_Bronco_4-Door.jpg/490px-Ford_Bronco_4-Door.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2817" data-file-height="1899" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Bronco" title="Ford Bronco">Ford Bronco</a>, off-road mid-size SUV with a compact two-door version available</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 159.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 157.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2011_Jeep_Grand_Cherokee_Limited_--_07-03-2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jeep Grand Cherokee, unibody mid-size SUV"><img alt="Jeep Grand Cherokee, unibody mid-size SUV" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/2011_Jeep_Grand_Cherokee_Limited_--_07-03-2010.jpg/236px-2011_Jeep_Grand_Cherokee_Limited_--_07-03-2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="158" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/2011_Jeep_Grand_Cherokee_Limited_--_07-03-2010.jpg/355px-2011_Jeep_Grand_Cherokee_Limited_--_07-03-2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/2011_Jeep_Grand_Cherokee_Limited_--_07-03-2010.jpg/472px-2011_Jeep_Grand_Cherokee_Limited_--_07-03-2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2822" data-file-height="1972" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Jeep_Grand_Cherokee" title="Jeep Grand Cherokee">Jeep Grand Cherokee</a>, unibody mid-size SUV</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Full-size_SUV">Full-size SUV</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SUV&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Full-size SUV"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Full-size SUVs are the largest size of commonly produced SUVs. Some, such as the <a href="/wiki/Ford_Expedition" title="Ford Expedition">Ford Expedition</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chevrolet_Tahoe" title="Chevrolet Tahoe">Chevrolet Tahoe</a>, are marketed for their off-road capabilities, and others, such as the <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Navigator" title="Lincoln Navigator">Lincoln Navigator</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cadillac_Escalade" title="Cadillac Escalade">Cadillac Escalade</a>, are marketed as luxury vehicles. While a few full-size SUVs are built on dedicated platforms; most share their platforms with <a href="/wiki/Pickup_truck#Full-size_pickup_truck" title="Pickup truck">full-size pickup trucks</a>. </p> <dl><dd>Examples: <a href="/wiki/Category:Full-size_sport_utility_vehicles" title="Category:Full-size sport utility vehicles">Category:Full-size sport utility vehicles</a> <small style="">( 76 )</small></dd></dl> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 220px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 218px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2022_Jeep_Wagoneer_Series_III_in_Bright_White,_Front_Left,_12-19-2021.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jeep Wagoneer, full-size SUV on a pickup truck-based platform"><img alt="Jeep Wagoneer, full-size SUV on a pickup truck-based platform" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/2022_Jeep_Wagoneer_Series_III_in_Bright_White%2C_Front_Left%2C_12-19-2021.jpg/327px-2022_Jeep_Wagoneer_Series_III_in_Bright_White%2C_Front_Left%2C_12-19-2021.jpg" decoding="async" width="218" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/2022_Jeep_Wagoneer_Series_III_in_Bright_White%2C_Front_Left%2C_12-19-2021.jpg/491px-2022_Jeep_Wagoneer_Series_III_in_Bright_White%2C_Front_Left%2C_12-19-2021.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/2022_Jeep_Wagoneer_Series_III_in_Bright_White%2C_Front_Left%2C_12-19-2021.jpg/653px-2022_Jeep_Wagoneer_Series_III_in_Bright_White%2C_Front_Left%2C_12-19-2021.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4056" data-file-height="2052" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Jeep_Wagoneer" title="Jeep Wagoneer">Jeep Wagoneer</a>, full-size SUV on a pickup truck-based platform</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 212px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cadillac_Escalade_GMTT1XX.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cadillac Escalade, full-size luxury SUV"><img alt="Cadillac Escalade, full-size luxury SUV" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Cadillac_Escalade_GMTT1XX.jpg/315px-Cadillac_Escalade_GMTT1XX.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Cadillac_Escalade_GMTT1XX.jpg/473px-Cadillac_Escalade_GMTT1XX.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Cadillac_Escalade_GMTT1XX.jpg/630px-Cadillac_Escalade_GMTT1XX.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2946" data-file-height="1545" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Cadillac_Escalade" title="Cadillac Escalade">Cadillac Escalade</a>, full-size luxury SUV</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 206.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 204.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2020_Mercedes-Benz_GLS_450,_front_1.20.20.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mercedes-Benz GLS-class, full-size unibody SUV"><img alt="Mercedes-Benz GLS-class, full-size unibody SUV" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/2020_Mercedes-Benz_GLS_450%2C_front_1.20.20.jpg/307px-2020_Mercedes-Benz_GLS_450%2C_front_1.20.20.jpg" decoding="async" width="205" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/2020_Mercedes-Benz_GLS_450%2C_front_1.20.20.jpg/461px-2020_Mercedes-Benz_GLS_450%2C_front_1.20.20.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/2020_Mercedes-Benz_GLS_450%2C_front_1.20.20.jpg/614px-2020_Mercedes-Benz_GLS_450%2C_front_1.20.20.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4615" data-file-height="2483" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_GLS" title="Mercedes-Benz GLS">Mercedes-Benz GLS</a>-class, full-size unibody SUV</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Extended-length_SUV">Extended-length SUV</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SUV&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Extended-length SUV"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some North American SUVs are available as a long-bodied version of a full-size SUV, which is called an "extended-length SUV" like the <a href="/wiki/Ford_Expedition#Expedition_EL/Max" title="Ford Expedition">Ford Expedition EL</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Chevrolet_Suburban" title="Chevrolet Suburban">Chevrolet Suburban</a>. The additional length is used to provide extra space for rear passengers or cargo. As per the full-size SUVs they are based on, most extended-length SUVs are built on dedicated platforms, full-sized pickups (<a href="/wiki/Truck_classification#"Ton"_rating" title="Truck classification">1⁄2 ton</a>), or heavy-duty pickups (3⁄4 ton or more). </p><p>Extended-length SUVs are mostly sold in North America but may also be exported to other markets in small numbers. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2015_GMC_Yukon_XL_SLT,_front_2.29.20.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="GMC Yukon XL, extended-length SUV"><img alt="GMC Yukon XL, extended-length SUV" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/2015_GMC_Yukon_XL_SLT%2C_front_2.29.20.jpg/300px-2015_GMC_Yukon_XL_SLT%2C_front_2.29.20.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/2015_GMC_Yukon_XL_SLT%2C_front_2.29.20.jpg/450px-2015_GMC_Yukon_XL_SLT%2C_front_2.29.20.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/2015_GMC_Yukon_XL_SLT%2C_front_2.29.20.jpg/599px-2015_GMC_Yukon_XL_SLT%2C_front_2.29.20.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4745" data-file-height="2615" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/GMC_Yukon_XL" class="mw-redirect" title="GMC Yukon XL">GMC Yukon XL</a>, extended-length SUV</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 168px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 166px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2000-04_Ford_Excursion.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ford Excursion, extended-length SUV based on a heavy-duty truck platform"><img alt="Ford Excursion, extended-length SUV based on a heavy-duty truck platform" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/2000-04_Ford_Excursion.jpg/249px-2000-04_Ford_Excursion.jpg" decoding="async" width="166" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/2000-04_Ford_Excursion.jpg/374px-2000-04_Ford_Excursion.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/2000-04_Ford_Excursion.jpg/497px-2000-04_Ford_Excursion.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2012" data-file-height="1336" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Excursion" title="Ford Excursion">Ford Excursion</a>, extended-length SUV based on a heavy-duty truck platform </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 192.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Land_Rover_Range_Rover_L405_L_China_2016-04-17.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Range Rover L, extended-length unibody SUV"><img alt="Range Rover L, extended-length unibody SUV" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Land_Rover_Range_Rover_L405_L_China_2016-04-17.jpg/286px-Land_Rover_Range_Rover_L405_L_China_2016-04-17.jpg" decoding="async" width="191" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Land_Rover_Range_Rover_L405_L_China_2016-04-17.jpg/429px-Land_Rover_Range_Rover_L405_L_China_2016-04-17.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Land_Rover_Range_Rover_L405_L_China_2016-04-17.jpg/571px-Land_Rover_Range_Rover_L405_L_China_2016-04-17.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1300" data-file-height="752" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Range_Rover_(L405)" title="Range Rover (L405)">Range Rover L</a>, extended-length unibody SUV</div> </li> </ul> <dl><dd>Examples: <a href="/wiki/Category:Expanded_length_sport_utility_vehicles" title="Category:Expanded length sport utility vehicles">Category:Expanded length sport utility vehicles</a> <small style="">( 16 )</small></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coupe_SUV">Coupe SUV</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SUV&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Coupe SUV"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Coupe_SUV" title="Coupe SUV">Coupe SUV</a></div> <p>Some SUVs or <a href="/wiki/Crossover_(automobile)" title="Crossover (automobile)">crossovers</a> with sloping rear rooflines are marketed as "coupe crossover SUVs" or "coupe SUVs", even though they have four side doors for passenger access to the seats and rear hatches for cargo area access. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SUV&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Four-wheel_drive#History" title="Four-wheel drive">Four-wheel drive § History</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1930s_to_1948">1930s to 1948</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SUV&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: 1930s to 1948"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1937_Chevrolet_Carryall_Suburban_(front).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/1937_Chevrolet_Carryall_Suburban_%28front%29.jpg/220px-1937_Chevrolet_Carryall_Suburban_%28front%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/1937_Chevrolet_Carryall_Suburban_%28front%29.jpg/330px-1937_Chevrolet_Carryall_Suburban_%28front%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/1937_Chevrolet_Carryall_Suburban_%28front%29.jpg/440px-1937_Chevrolet_Carryall_Suburban_%28front%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1220" data-file-height="824" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">1935–1940 <a href="/wiki/Chevrolet_Suburban#First_Generation" title="Chevrolet Suburban">Chevrolet Suburban</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7-61.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7-61.JPG/220px-%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7-61.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7-61.JPG/330px-%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7-61.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7-61.JPG/440px-%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7-61.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3913" data-file-height="2985" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">1938–1945 <a href="/wiki/GAZ-61" title="GAZ-61">GAZ-61</a></div></div></div></div></div> <p>Just before and during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, prototypes and low-volume production examples of military cars with sedan or station wagon-type bodies and rugged, off-road capable four-wheel drive chassis began to appear around the world. These early models included the 1936 <a href="/wiki/Kurogane_Type_95" title="Kurogane Type 95">Kurogane Type 95</a> from Japan, the 1938 <a href="/wiki/GAZ-61" title="GAZ-61">GAZ-61</a> from Russia as well as the 1941 <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Kommandeurswagen" title="Volkswagen Kommandeurswagen">Volkswagen Kommandeurswagen</a> and 1936 <a href="/wiki/Opel_Gel%C3%A4ndesportwagen" title="Opel Geländesportwagen">Opel Geländesportwagen</a><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from Germany. An early predecessor to the design of modern SUVs<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Needs reference to support claimed link (April 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> was the 1940 <a href="/wiki/Humber_Heavy_Utility" class="mw-redirect" title="Humber Heavy Utility">Humber Heavy Utility</a>, a four-wheel-drive off-road vehicle built on the chassis of the <a href="/wiki/Humber_Super_Snipe" title="Humber Super Snipe">Humber Super Snipe</a> passenger car.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The most prohibitive initial factors to the potential civilian popularity of an SUV-like car were their cost and the availability of certain critical parts. Before the war, adding four-wheel drive to a car almost doubled its cost.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Compared to a common, rear-wheel drive vehicle, any 4WD (four-wheel drive) needed many essential extra components, including a <a href="/wiki/Transfer_case" title="Transfer case">transfer case</a>, a second differential, and <a href="/wiki/Constant-velocity_joint" title="Constant-velocity joint">constant-velocity joints</a> for the driven front axle—which were expensive due to the precision involved in this required manufacturing gears and other specialized parts. Before World War<span class="nowrap"> </span>II, these were produced in the United States by only a few specialized firms with limited production capacity. Due to the increase in demand for parts for the war effort, in the spring of 1942 <a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dodge" title="Dodge">Dodge</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chevrolet" title="Chevrolet">Chevrolet</a> joined in fabricating these parts in mass quantities, boosting their production more than 100-fold.<sup id="cite_ref-ThomsonMayo_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ThomsonMayo-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An early usage of the term was the 1947 <a href="/wiki/Crosley#Model_summary" title="Crosley">Crosley CC Four</a> Sport Utility model, which used a convertible wagon body style and is therefore unrelated to the design of later SUVs.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1949_to_1970s">1949 to 1970s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SUV&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: 1949 to 1970s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:International_R-110_(1954)_extensively_restored.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/International_R-110_%281954%29_extensively_restored.JPG/220px-International_R-110_%281954%29_extensively_restored.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/International_R-110_%281954%29_extensively_restored.JPG/330px-International_R-110_%281954%29_extensively_restored.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/International_R-110_%281954%29_extensively_restored.JPG/440px-International_R-110_%281954%29_extensively_restored.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3612" data-file-height="2580" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">1953 <a href="/wiki/International_Harvester_Travelall#First_generation_(1953–1957)" class="mw-redirect" title="International Harvester Travelall">International Harvester Travelall</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1962_Willys_Jeep_Utility_Wagon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/1962_Willys_Jeep_Utility_Wagon.jpg/220px-1962_Willys_Jeep_Utility_Wagon.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/1962_Willys_Jeep_Utility_Wagon.jpg/330px-1962_Willys_Jeep_Utility_Wagon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/1962_Willys_Jeep_Utility_Wagon.jpg/440px-1962_Willys_Jeep_Utility_Wagon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="922" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">1962 <a href="/wiki/Willys_Jeep_Station_Wagon" title="Willys Jeep Station Wagon">Willys Jeep Station Wagon</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1979_Subaru_1600_4WD_station_wagon_(21893971703).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/1979_Subaru_1600_4WD_station_wagon_%2821893971703%29.jpg/220px-1979_Subaru_1600_4WD_station_wagon_%2821893971703%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/1979_Subaru_1600_4WD_station_wagon_%2821893971703%29.jpg/330px-1979_Subaru_1600_4WD_station_wagon_%2821893971703%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/1979_Subaru_1600_4WD_station_wagon_%2821893971703%29.jpg/440px-1979_Subaru_1600_4WD_station_wagon_%2821893971703%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3498" data-file-height="2332" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Subaru Leone 4WD station wagon</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1981_AMC_Eagle_Sport_station_wagon_in_blue_metallic_at_2021_PA_meet_02of14.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/1981_AMC_Eagle_Sport_station_wagon_in_blue_metallic_at_2021_PA_meet_02of14.jpg/220px-1981_AMC_Eagle_Sport_station_wagon_in_blue_metallic_at_2021_PA_meet_02of14.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/1981_AMC_Eagle_Sport_station_wagon_in_blue_metallic_at_2021_PA_meet_02of14.jpg/330px-1981_AMC_Eagle_Sport_station_wagon_in_blue_metallic_at_2021_PA_meet_02of14.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/1981_AMC_Eagle_Sport_station_wagon_in_blue_metallic_at_2021_PA_meet_02of14.jpg/440px-1981_AMC_Eagle_Sport_station_wagon_in_blue_metallic_at_2021_PA_meet_02of14.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3956" data-file-height="2155" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">AMC Eagle Sport station wagon</div></div></div></div></div> <p>Several models of <a href="/wiki/Carryall#Automobile" title="Carryall">carryall</a> wagons began to be offered with four-wheel drive, beginning in 1949 when the <a href="/wiki/Willys_Jeep_Station_Wagon" title="Willys Jeep Station Wagon">Willys Jeep Station Wagon</a> introduced the option of four-wheel drive.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Four-wheel-drive versions of the <a href="/wiki/Chevrolet_Suburban#Fourth_generation_(1955)" title="Chevrolet Suburban">Chevrolet Suburban</a> were introduced for 1955, followed by the <a href="/wiki/International_Harvester_Travelall#First_generation_(1953-1957)" class="mw-redirect" title="International Harvester Travelall">International Harvester Travelall</a> in 1956 (credited as being the first full-size SUV)<sup id="cite_ref-4Wtravelall_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4Wtravelall-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Dodge_Town_Panel_and_Town_Wagon" title="Dodge Town Panel and Town Wagon">Power Wagon Town Wagon</a> in 1957.<sup id="cite_ref-4Wtravelall_91-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4Wtravelall-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kiplinger58_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kiplinger58-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Developed as a competitor to the <a href="/wiki/Jeep_CJ" title="Jeep CJ">Jeep CJ</a>, the compact <a href="/wiki/International_Scout" title="International Scout">International Scout</a> was introduced in 1961, offering either two- or four-wheel drive and a variety of engine options. The Harvester Scout provided many other options designed to appeal to a wide range of customers for numerous uses as well.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1963 <a href="/wiki/Jeep_Wagoneer_(SJ)" title="Jeep Wagoneer (SJ)">Jeep Wagoneer (SJ)</a> introduced a sophisticated station wagon body design that was more carlike than any other four-wheel-drive vehicle on the market.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1967 <a href="/wiki/Toyota_Land_Cruiser" title="Toyota Land Cruiser">Toyota Land Cruiser FJ55</a> station wagon was the first comfort-oriented version of the Land Cruiser off-road vehicle. The two-door <a href="/wiki/Chevrolet_K5_Blazer" title="Chevrolet K5 Blazer">Chevrolet K5 Blazer</a> (and related GMC K5 Jimmy) were introduced for 1969, and the two-door <a href="/wiki/International_Scout#Scout_II" title="International Scout">International Scout II</a> was introduced in 1971. The first European luxury off-road vehicle was the 1970 <a href="/wiki/Range_Rover_Classic" title="Range Rover Classic">Range Rover Classic</a>, which was marketed as a <a href="/wiki/Luxury_car" title="Luxury car">luxury car</a> for both on-road and off-road usage.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1972 <a href="/wiki/Subaru_Leone" title="Subaru Leone">Subaru Leone</a> 4WD wagon was introduced in Japan, which was not designed as an off-road vehicle, but a version of the front-wheel-drive passenger car. Some argue that this was the first SUV.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was also classified as a commercial vehicle in the home market, just like later SUVs.<sup id="cite_ref-Catvol22_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Catvol22-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first relevant usage of the term SUV was in advertising brochures for the full-sized 1974 <a href="/wiki/Jeep_Cherokee_(SJ)" title="Jeep Cherokee (SJ)">Jeep Cherokee (SJ)</a>, which used the wording "sport(s) utility vehicle" as a description for the vehicle.<sup id="cite_ref-74Jeeppage_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74Jeeppage-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74Jeepfront_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74Jeepfront-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1966 <a href="/wiki/Ford_Bronco" title="Ford Bronco">Ford Bronco</a> included a "sport utility" model; however, in this case it was used for the two-door pickup truck version.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The VAZ-2121 (now designated Lada Niva Legend) was the first mass-market 4WD unibody car in some markets in 1977.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/AMC_Eagle" title="AMC Eagle">AMC Eagle</a> introduced in the North American market in 1979, and is often called the first mass-market "<a href="/wiki/Crossover_(automobile)" title="Crossover (automobile)">crossover</a>", although that term had not been coined at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-howstuffworks.com_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-howstuffworks.com-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In contrast to truck or utility-vehicle based designs and the Niva that was purpose-built for rural areas, <a href="/wiki/American_Motors_Corporation" title="American Motors Corporation">American Motors Corporation</a> (AMC) utilized a long-serving existing car platform and designed a new automatic full-time AWD system.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was first with "SUV styling on a raised passenger-car platform combined with AWD."<sup id="cite_ref-Wardlaw_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wardlaw-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Four_Wheeler" title="Four Wheeler">Four Wheeler</a></i> magazine described the AMC Eagle as "the beginning of a new generation of cars".<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1980s_to_1990s">1980s to 1990s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SUV&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: 1980s to 1990s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1985_Jeep_Cherokee_(14930366019)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/1985_Jeep_Cherokee_%2814930366019%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-1985_Jeep_Cherokee_%2814930366019%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/1985_Jeep_Cherokee_%2814930366019%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-1985_Jeep_Cherokee_%2814930366019%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/1985_Jeep_Cherokee_%2814930366019%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-1985_Jeep_Cherokee_%2814930366019%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2341" data-file-height="1486" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">1985 <a href="/wiki/Jeep_Cherokee_(XJ)#1984–1996" title="Jeep Cherokee (XJ)">Jeep Cherokee (XJ)</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:95-98_Ford_Explorer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/95-98_Ford_Explorer.jpg/220px-95-98_Ford_Explorer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/95-98_Ford_Explorer.jpg/330px-95-98_Ford_Explorer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/95-98_Ford_Explorer.jpg/440px-95-98_Ford_Explorer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1988" data-file-height="1328" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">1994–2001 <a href="/wiki/Ford_Explorer" title="Ford Explorer">Ford Explorer</a></div></div></div></div></div> <p>The compact-sized 1984 <a href="/wiki/Jeep_Cherokee_(XJ)" title="Jeep Cherokee (XJ)">Jeep Cherokee (XJ)</a> is often credited as the first SUV in the modern understanding of the term.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBradsher200240_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBradsher200240-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The use of unibody construction was unique at the time for a four-wheel drive and also reduced the weight of the new Cherokee. It also appealed to urban families due to having a more compact size (compared to the full-size Wagoneer and previous generation Cherokee SJ models) as well as a plush interior resembling a station wagon.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBradsher200240_108-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBradsher200240-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the new Cherokee became a major sales success, the term "sport utility vehicle" began to be used in the national press for the first time.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBradsher200240_108-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBradsher200240-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "The advent and immediate success of AMC/Jeep's compact four-door Cherokee turned the truck industry upside down."<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The U.S. <a href="/wiki/Corporate_average_fuel_economy" title="Corporate average fuel economy">corporate average fuel economy</a> (CAFE) standard was introduced in 1975 to reduce fuel usage, but included relaxed regulations for "light trucks" to avoid businesses paying extra taxes for work vehicles. This created a loophole that manufacturers increasingly exploited since the <a href="/wiki/1980s_oil_glut" title="1980s oil glut">1980s oil glut</a> (which started an era of cheap gasoline), whereby SUVs were designed to be classified as light trucks despite their primary use as passenger vehicles to receive tax concessions and less stringent fuel economy requirements.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This enabled manufacturers to sell more profitable, larger, more polluting vehicles, instead of the smaller, less polluting, less profitable cars, that the CAFE regulations intended. </p><p>For example, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="United States Environmental Protection Agency">United States Environmental Protection Agency</a> agreed to classify the new Jeep Cherokee as a light truck following lobbying from its manufacturer; the Cherokee was then marketed by the company as a passenger vehicle.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBradsher2002_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBradsher2002-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This increased the SUV boom as other manufacturers introduced their own SUVs in response to the compact Cherokee taking sales from their regular cars.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBradsher200241_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBradsher200241-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1994 the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency began classifying vehicles by "market class". For SUVs in 1994 they included three Jeep models, the Cherokee, Grand Cherokee and Wrangler. Two Ford models were the Bronco and the Explorer. Six General Motors models including the GMC Jimmy, the Yukon, and the Suburban 1500; the Chevrolet Suburban 1500, and the Blazer (1500 and S10); the Geo Tracker (Convertible or Van); and finally the Oldsmobile Bravada. Eleven Japanese models classified as SUVs were the Toyota 4Runner and Land Cruiser; the Honda Passport; the Nissan Pathfinder; the Mazda Navajo; the Mitsubishi Montero; the Isuzu Amigo, Rodeo, and Trooper; and the Suzuki Samurai and Sidekick. From Europe the three Land Rover models, the Range Rover, the Defender and the Discovery were classified as SUVs. </p><p>By late 1996 <i><a href="/wiki/Consumers_Digest" title="Consumers Digest">Consumers Digest</a></i> magazine was calling the trend an "SUV craze",<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and by 1999 the U.S. sales of SUVs and light trucks for the first time exceeded sales of regular passenger cars.<sup id="cite_ref-CCSThrg_52-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CCSThrg-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 2">: 2 </span></sup> </p> <div style="clear:right;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2000s">2000s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SUV&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: 2000s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By 2003, there were 76 million SUVs and light trucks on U.S. roads, representing approximately 35% of the vehicles on the road.<sup id="cite_ref-CCSThrg_52-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CCSThrg-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GMC--Envoy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/GMC--Envoy.jpg/220px-GMC--Envoy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/GMC--Envoy.jpg/330px-GMC--Envoy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/GMC--Envoy.jpg/440px-GMC--Envoy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2296" data-file-height="1356" /></a><figcaption>GMC Envoy</figcaption></figure> <p>Car manufacturers were keen to promote SUV sales over other types of cars due to higher profits in the segment. An SUV could be sold with a profit margin of <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$10,000</span> or more (<span style="white-space: nowrap">US$18,000</span> per SUV in the case of the <a href="/wiki/Ford_Excursion" title="Ford Excursion">Ford Excursion</a>), while compact cars were often sold at a loss of a few hundred dollars per car.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, several manufacturing plants were converted from car production to SUV production (such as the General Motors plant in <a href="/wiki/Arlington,_Texas" title="Arlington, Texas">Arlington, Texas</a> in 1996), and many long-running U.S. sedan models were discontinued.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From the mid-2000s until 2010, U.S. sales of SUVs and other light trucks experienced a dip due to <a href="/wiki/2000s_energy_crisis" title="2000s energy crisis">increasing fuel prices</a> and then <a href="/wiki/Great_Recession_in_the_United_States" title="Great Recession in the United States">a declining economy</a>. From 2008 until 2010, General Motors closed four assembly plants that were producing SUVs and trucks.<sup id="cite_ref-FinancialPost_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FinancialPost-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sales of SUVs and light trucks sales began to recover in 2010, as fuel prices decreased and the North American economy improved.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2010s_to_2020s">2010s to 2020s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SUV&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: 2010s to 2020s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2018_Maserati_Levante_S_Automatic_3.0.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/2018_Maserati_Levante_S_Automatic_3.0.jpg/220px-2018_Maserati_Levante_S_Automatic_3.0.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/2018_Maserati_Levante_S_Automatic_3.0.jpg/330px-2018_Maserati_Levante_S_Automatic_3.0.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/2018_Maserati_Levante_S_Automatic_3.0.jpg/440px-2018_Maserati_Levante_S_Automatic_3.0.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5311" data-file-height="2613" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Maserati_Levante" title="Maserati Levante">Maserati Levante</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lamborghini_Urus_20180306_Genf_2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Lamborghini_Urus_20180306_Genf_2018.jpg/220px-Lamborghini_Urus_20180306_Genf_2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Lamborghini_Urus_20180306_Genf_2018.jpg/330px-Lamborghini_Urus_20180306_Genf_2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Lamborghini_Urus_20180306_Genf_2018.jpg/440px-Lamborghini_Urus_20180306_Genf_2018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5396" data-file-height="3606" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lamborghini_Urus" title="Lamborghini Urus">Lamborghini Urus</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 2019, the <a href="/wiki/International_Energy_Agency" title="International Energy Agency">International Energy Agency</a> (IEA) reported that the global number of SUVs and crossovers on the road multiplied by six since 2010—from 35 million to 200 million vehicles, and their market share has grown to 40 percent of worldwide new light-vehicle sales at the end of the decade.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 2013, small and compact SUVs had increased to become the third-largest market segment.<sup id="cite_ref-frost&sullivan_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frost&sullivan-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the early 2000s, new versions have been introduced to appeal to a wider audience, such as <a href="/wiki/Crossover_(automobile)" title="Crossover (automobile)">crossovers</a> and other small SUVs.<sup id="cite_ref-Euromon16_122-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Euromon16-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Larger SUVs also remained popular, with sales of General Motors' large SUV models increasing significantly in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2015, global sales of SUVs overtook the "lower medium car" segment, to become the largest market segment, accounting for 22.9% of "light vehicle" sales in 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-Euromon16_122-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Euromon16-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following year, worldwide SUV sales experienced further growth of 22%. The world's fastest-growing SUV markets in 2014–2015 were: China (+ 47.9%), Italy (+ 48.6%), Spain (+ 42%), Portugal (+ 54.8 %), and Thailand (+ 56.4%).<sup id="cite_ref-Euromon16_122-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Euromon16-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The SUV segment further grew to 26% of the global passenger car market in 2016, then to 36.8% of the market in Q1–Q3 of 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-F2M20171129_125-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-F2M20171129-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Euromon16_122-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Euromon16-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the U.S. at the end of 2016, sales of SUVs and light-duty trucks had surpassed traditional car sales for the year by over 3 million units.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Manufacturers continued to phase out the production of sedan models, replacing them with new models of SUVs.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Luxury_car" title="Luxury car">Luxury</a> brands have increasingly introduced SUV or crossover models in the 2010s. For example: <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Cullinan" title="Rolls-Royce Cullinan">Rolls-Royce Cullinan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bentley_Bentayga" title="Bentley Bentayga">Bentley Bentayga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aston_Martin_DBX" title="Aston Martin DBX">Aston Martin DBX</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maserati_Levante" title="Maserati Levante">Maserati Levante</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lamborghini_Urus" title="Lamborghini Urus">Lamborghini Urus</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_Purosangue" title="Ferrari Purosangue">Ferrari Purosangue</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2019 SUVs made up 47.4% of U.S. sales compared to only 22.1% for sedans.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:right;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Motorsport">Motorsport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SUV&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Motorsport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bowler_Wildcat_Range_Rover_2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Bowler_Wildcat_Range_Rover_2007.jpg/220px-Bowler_Wildcat_Range_Rover_2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Bowler_Wildcat_Range_Rover_2007.jpg/330px-Bowler_Wildcat_Range_Rover_2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Bowler_Wildcat_Range_Rover_2007.jpg/440px-Bowler_Wildcat_Range_Rover_2007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>2007 <a href="/wiki/Bowler_Nemesis" title="Bowler Nemesis">Bowler Nemesis</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Off-road_racing" title="Off-road racing">Off-road racing</a></div> <p>SUVs have competed in various off-road racing competitions, such as the <a href="/wiki/Dakar_Rally" title="Dakar Rally">Dakar Rally</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baja_1000" title="Baja 1000">Baja 1000</a>, <a href="/wiki/FIA_Cross-Country_Rally_World_Cup" class="mw-redirect" title="FIA Cross-Country Rally World Cup">FIA Cross-Country Rally World Cup</a>, <a href="/wiki/King_of_the_Hammers" title="King of the Hammers">King of the Hammers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Australasian_Safari" title="Australasian Safari">Australasian Safari</a>. SUVs have also competed in the <a href="/wiki/Trophee_Andros" class="mw-redirect" title="Trophee Andros">Trophee Andros</a> ice-racing series. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nicknames">Nicknames</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SUV&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Nicknames"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several derogatory or pejorative terms for SUVs are based on the combination of an affluent suburb name and "tractor", particularly for expensive vehicles from luxury brands. Examples include "<a href="/wiki/Toorak" title="Toorak">Toorak</a> Tractor" (<a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a>, Australia),<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "<a href="/wiki/Chelsea,_London" title="Chelsea, London">Chelsea</a> Tractor" (London, England)<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and "<a href="/wiki/Remuera" title="Remuera">Remuera</a> Tractor" (<a href="/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland">Auckland</a>, New Zealand). These terms relate to the theory that four-wheel drive capabilities are not required by affluent SUV owners, and that the SUV is purchased as a status symbol rather than for practical reasons. </p><p>In Norway, the term <span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no">Børstraktor</i></span> ('Stock Exchange Tractor') serves a similar purpose.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the Netherlands, SUVs are sometimes called "P.C. Hooft-tractors" after the exclusive <a href="/wiki/P.C._Hooftstraat" title="P.C. Hooftstraat">P.C. Hooftstraat</a> Amsterdam shopping street.<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Commercial_SUVs">Commercial SUVs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SUV&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Commercial SUVs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ACTAS_OC_vehicle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/ACTAS_OC_vehicle.jpg/220px-ACTAS_OC_vehicle.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/ACTAS_OC_vehicle.jpg/330px-ACTAS_OC_vehicle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/ACTAS_OC_vehicle.jpg/440px-ACTAS_OC_vehicle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Toyota_Land_Cruiser_Prado" title="Toyota Land Cruiser Prado">Toyota Land Cruiser Prado</a> used as an ambulance</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>commercial SUV</b> is an SUV or <a href="/wiki/Crossover_(automobile)" title="Crossover (automobile)">crossover</a>, that is used for commercial purposes. The category is very similar to <a href="/wiki/Panel_trucks" class="mw-redirect" title="Panel trucks">panel trucks</a> since the <a href="/wiki/Chevrolet_Suburban" title="Chevrolet Suburban">Chevrolet Suburban</a> (an SUV) had panel truck versions, which were used for commercial purposes. </p><p>The first SUV-like vehicle that had commercial versions was the Chevrolet Suburban <a href="/wiki/Panel_truck" title="Panel truck">panel truck</a>. Panel trucks by American manufacturers were built until the late 1970s. </p><p>While panel trucks manufactured by European manufacturers were rare, commercial versions of off-road vehicles were very common, Land Rover manufactured commercial versions of the <a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_series" title="Land Rover series">Land Rover</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_Defender" title="Land Rover Defender">Defender</a>. Commercial SUVs are factory-built and most of them are not independent conversions, which means they can be bought from dealerships and showrooms.<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Examples of SUVs used as commercial vehicles in Europe include: <a href="/wiki/Citro%C3%ABn_C5_Aircross" title="Citroën C5 Aircross">Citroen C5 Aircross Commercial SUV</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_Discovery" title="Land Rover Discovery">Land Rover Discovery</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Dacia_Duster" title="Dacia Duster">Dacia Duster Flika</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Pajero" title="Mitsubishi Pajero">Mitsubishi Pajero</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SUV&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:SUVs" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:SUVs">SUVs</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_sport_utility_vehicles" class="mw-redirect" title="Criticism of sport utility vehicles">Criticism of sport utility vehicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esuvee" title="Esuvee">Esuvee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four-wheel_drive" title="Four-wheel drive">Four-wheel drive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Off-road_vehicle" title="Off-road vehicle">Off-road vehicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sport_utility_vehicles" title="List of sport utility vehicles">List of sport utility vehicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recreational_vehicle" title="Recreational vehicle">Recreational vehicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossover_city_car" class="mw-redirect" title="Crossover city car">Crossover city car</a> (A-segment SUV)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SUV&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SUV&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.caranddriver.com/research/a31787452/suv-meaning-what-is-an-suv/">"SUV Meaning: What is an SUV?"</a>. <i>Car and Driver</i>. 13 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iea.org/commentaries/growing-preference-for-suvs-challenges-emissions-reductions-in-passenger-car-market">the original</a> on 4 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2020</span>. <q>On average, SUVs consume about a quarter more energy than medium-size cars. As a result, the global fuel economy worsened caused in part by the rising SUV demand since the beginning of the decade, even though efficiency improvements in smaller cars saved over 2 million barrels a day, and electric cars displaced less than 100,000 barrels a day. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hemmings+Classic+Car&rft.atitle=Utility+in+Style+%E2%80%93+The+1972+Jeep+Wagoneer+blends+an+iconic+design+with+modern+driveability&rft.date=2024-08-27&rft.aulast=Bumbeck&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hemmings.com%2Fstories%2Futility-in-style-1972-jeep-wagoneer%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASUV" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeaps2022" class="citation web cs1">Heaps, Russ (25 March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.autotrader.com/car-shopping/suv-vs-crossover-whats-difference-215843">"SUV vs. Crossover: What's the Difference?"</a>. <i>autotrader.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=autotrader.com&rft.atitle=SUV+vs.+Crossover%3A+What%27s+the+Difference%3F&rft.date=2022-03-25&rft.aulast=Heaps&rft.aufirst=Russ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.autotrader.com%2Fcar-shopping%2Fsuv-vs-crossover-whats-difference-215843&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASUV" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Language-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Language_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlucksberg2001" class="citation book cs1">Glucksberg, Sam (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rKX7qcQerLcC&q=In+recent+years,+the+term+SUV+has+come+into+the+popular+lexicon+to+replace+Jeep,+a+name+that+originated+during+World+War+II+as+slang+for&pg=PA112"><i>Understanding Figurative Language: From Metaphor to Idioms</i></a>. Oxford University Press. p. 112. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780198027126" title="Special:BookSources/9780198027126"><bdi>9780198027126</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Definition+of+SUV&rft.btitle=Merriam-Webster&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2FSUV&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASUV" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MWfull-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MWfull_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/sport-utility%20vehicle">"Definition of Sport-utility Vehicle"</a>. <i>Merriam-Webster</i>. 3 January 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171208040936/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/sport-utility%20vehicle">Archived</a> from the original on 8 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 October</span> 2020</span>. <q>an automobile similar to a station wagon but built on a light truck frame</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Definition+of+Sport-utility+Vehicle&rft.btitle=Merriam-Webster&rft.date=2018-01-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fsport-utility%2520vehicle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASUV" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Webster's New World College Dictionary</i> (Fourth ed.). 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nMKZEjrPhvw">the original</a> on 18 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=1970+Range+Rover+advertisement&rft.date=2018-02-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DnMKZEjrPhvw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASUV" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211029/9VmR8HyiWk0">"Old Range Rover ad"</a>. <i>YouTube</i>. 13 June 2009. 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U.S.: Jeep. 1973<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1974+model+year+Jeep+brochure+picture+%E2%80%93+Cherokee+page&rft.place=U.S.&rft.pub=Jeep&rft.date=1973&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.autopaper.com%2Fimages%2F2214%2F98959-02.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASUV" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74Jeepfront-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74Jeepfront_100-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lov2xlr8.no/brochures/jeep/74jeep.html">"1974 model year Jeep Cherokee brochure – front"</a>. U.S.: Jeep. 1973<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://image.fourwheeler.com/f/101899557+w600+cr1/011-1966-bronco-specifications.jpg">the original</a> on 3 January 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1966+Ford+Bronco+U-100+4-Wheel+Drive+models+%26+features+brochure&rft.place=U.S.&rft.pub=Ford&rft.date=1965&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fimage.fourwheeler.com%2Ff%2F101899557%2Bw600%2Bcr1%2F011-1966-bronco-specifications.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASUV" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.motorbiscuit.com/the-lada-niva-russias-forgotten-off-road-suv">"The Lada Niva: Russia's Forgotten Off-Road SUV"</a>. 25 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Lada+Niva%3A+Russia%27s+Forgotten+Off-Road+SUV&rft.date=2019-12-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.motorbiscuit.com%2Fthe-lada-niva-russias-forgotten-off-road-suv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASUV" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-howstuffworks.com-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-howstuffworks.com_103-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaxter2011" class="citation web cs1">Baxter, Eric (13 July 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://auto.howstuffworks.com/car-models/crossover-cars/term-crossover-vehicle.htm">"Who coined the term 'crossover vehicle?'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>howstuffworks</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=howstuffworks&rft.atitle=Who+coined+the+term+%27crossover+vehicle%3F%27&rft.date=2011-07-13&rft.aulast=Baxter&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fauto.howstuffworks.com%2Fcar-models%2Fcrossover-cars%2Fterm-crossover-vehicle.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASUV" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGold2017" class="citation web cs1">Gold, Aaron (9 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.autotrader.com/car-news/amc-eagle-no-seriously-this-was-the-first-crossover-suv-265257">"AMC Eagle: No, Seriously, This Was the First Crossover SUV"</a>. <i>Autotrader</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Autotrader&rft.atitle=AMC+Eagle%3A+No%2C+Seriously%2C+This+Was+the+First+Crossover+SUV&rft.date=2017-05-09&rft.aulast=Gold&rft.aufirst=Aaron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.autotrader.com%2Fcar-news%2Famc-eagle-no-seriously-this-was-the-first-crossover-suv-265257&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASUV" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHunting2021" class="citation web cs1">Hunting, Benjamin (14 February 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drivingline.com/articles/how-bad-was-the-lada-niva-the-ultra-cheap-alternative-russian-4x4/">"How Bad Was The Lada Niva, The Ultra-Cheap Alternative Russian 4X4?"</a>. <i>DrivingLine</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DrivingLine&rft.atitle=How+Bad+Was+The+Lada+Niva%2C+The+Ultra-Cheap+Alternative+Russian+4X4%3F&rft.date=2021-02-14&rft.aulast=Hunting&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.drivingline.com%2Farticles%2Fhow-bad-was-the-lada-niva-the-ultra-cheap-alternative-russian-4x4%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASUV" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAppel2019" class="citation web cs1">Appel, Tom (9 May 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.consumerguide.com/1980-amc-eagle/">"Review Flashback! 1980 AMC Eagle"</a>. The Daily Drive by Consumer Guide<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Review+Flashback%21+1980+AMC+Eagle&rft.pub=The+Daily+Drive+by+Consumer+Guide&rft.date=2019-05-09&rft.aulast=Appel&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.consumerguide.com%2F1980-amc-eagle%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASUV" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrubaker2018" class="citation web cs1">Brubaker, Ken (27 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fourwheeler.com/features/1812-firing-order-that-time-i-bought-an-amc-eagle/">"Firing Order: That Time I Bought an AMC Eagle"</a>. Four Wheeler<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Firing+Order%3A+That+Time+I+Bought+an+AMC+Eagle&rft.pub=Four+Wheeler&rft.date=2018-12-27&rft.aulast=Brubaker&rft.aufirst=Ken&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fourwheeler.com%2Ffeatures%2F1812-firing-order-that-time-i-bought-an-amc-eagle%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASUV" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBradsher200240-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBradsher200240_108-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBradsher200240_108-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBradsher200240_108-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBradsher2002">Bradsher 2002</a>, p. 40.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFBradsher2002 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLudel1995" class="citation book cs1">Ludel, Moses (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YjgfZkNUakkC&q=The+advent+and+immediate+success+of+AMC/Jeep's+compact+four-door+Cherokee+turned+the+truck+industry+upside+down"><i>Toyota truck & Land Cruiser owner's bible</i></a>. Robert Bentley. p. 18. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8376-0159-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8376-0159-5"><bdi>978-0-8376-0159-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Toyota+truck+%26+Land+Cruiser+owner%27s+bible&rft.pages=18&rft.pub=Robert+Bentley&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-8376-0159-5&rft.aulast=Ludel&rft.aufirst=Moses&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYjgfZkNUakkC%26q%3DThe%2Badvent%2Band%2Bimmediate%2Bsuccess%2Bof%2BAMC%2FJeep%27s%2Bcompact%2Bfour-door%2BCherokee%2Bturned%2Bthe%2Btruck%2Bindustry%2Bupside%2Bdown&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASUV" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120310182737/http://www.tsc.berkeley.edu/newsletter/Summer05-SUVs/history.html">"From the Battlefield to the Soccer Field"</a>. 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New York: <a href="/wiki/PublicAffairs" title="PublicAffairs">PublicAffairs</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58648-123-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-58648-123-1"><bdi>1-58648-123-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=High+and+Mighty%3A+SUVs+%E2%80%93+The+World%27s+Most+Dangerous+Vehicles+and+How+They+Got+That+Way&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=PublicAffairs&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1-58648-123-1&rft.aulast=Bradsher&rft.aufirst=Keith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhighmightydan00brad%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASUV" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChapman2005" class="citation book cs1">Chapman, Giles (2005). <i>SUV: The World's Greatest Sport Utility Vehicles</i>. London: Merrell Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1858942748" title="Special:BookSources/1858942748"><bdi>1858942748</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=SUV%3A+The+World%27s+Greatest+Sport+Utility+Vehicles&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Merrell+Publishers&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1858942748&rft.aulast=Chapman&rft.aufirst=Giles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASUV" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenshaw2005" class="citation book cs1">Henshaw, Peter (2005). <i>The Ultimate Guide to SUVs and Off-Road Vehicles</i>. Edison, NJ, USA: Chartwell Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0785818200" title="Special:BookSources/0785818200"><bdi>0785818200</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ultimate+Guide+to+SUVs+and+Off-Road+Vehicles&rft.place=Edison%2C+NJ%2C+USA&rft.pub=Chartwell+Books&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0785818200&rft.aulast=Henshaw&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASUV" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacobs1998" class="citation book cs1">Jacobs, David H. (1998). <i>Sport Utility Vehicles: The Off-Road Revolution</i>. New York: Todtri Book Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1577170857" title="Special:BookSources/1577170857"><bdi>1577170857</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sport+Utility+Vehicles%3A+The+Off-Road+Revolution&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Todtri+Book+Publishers&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=1577170857&rft.aulast=Jacobs&rft.aufirst=David+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASUV" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Automobile_configuration" title="Template:Automobile configuration"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Automobile_configuration" title="Template talk:Automobile configuration"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Automobile_configuration" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Automobile configuration"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Car_design" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Car" title="Car">Car</a> design</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Car_classification" title="Car classification">Classification</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By size</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microcar" title="Microcar">Micro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kei_car" title="Kei car">Kei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subcompact_car" title="Subcompact car">Subcompact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B-segment" title="B-segment">Supermini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_car" title="Family car">Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compact_car" title="Compact car">Compact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid-size_car" title="Mid-size car">Mid-size</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full-size_car" title="Full-size car">Full-size</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Custom_car" title="Custom car">Custom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hot_rod" title="Hot rod">Hot rod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lead_sled" title="Lead sled">Lead sled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowrider" title="Lowrider">Lowrider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_rod#1960s_rise_of_the_street_rod" title="Hot rod">Street rod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-bucket" title="T-bucket">T-bucket</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Luxury_car" title="Luxury car">Luxury</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Compact_executive_car" title="Compact executive car">Compact executive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_car" title="Executive car">Executive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_luxury_car" title="Personal luxury car">Personal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minivan" title="Minivan">Minivan / MPV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Compact_MPV" title="Compact MPV">Compact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leisure_activity_vehicle" class="mw-redirect" title="Leisure activity vehicle">Leisure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mini_MPV" title="Mini MPV">Mini</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">SUV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Compact_sport_utility_vehicle" title="Compact sport utility vehicle">Compact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossover_(automobile)" title="Crossover (automobile)">Crossover (CUV)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mini_SUV" class="mw-redirect" title="Mini SUV">Mini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coupe_SUV" title="Coupe SUV">Coupe SUV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sports_car" title="Sports car">Sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_tourer" title="Grand tourer">Grand tourer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_hatch" title="Hot hatch">Hot hatch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscle_car" title="Muscle car">Muscle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pony_car" title="Pony car">Pony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_compact" title="Sport compact">Sport compact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_sedan" title="Sports sedan">Sports sedan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supercar" title="Supercar">Super</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go-kart" title="Go-kart">Go-kart</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antique_car" title="Antique car">Antique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classic_car" title="Classic car">Classic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_car" title="Economy car">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ute_(vehicle)" title="Ute (vehicle)">Ute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van" title="Van">Van</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vintage_car" title="Vintage car">Vintage car</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Euro_Car_Segment" title="Euro Car Segment">EU</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A-segment" title="A-segment">A-segment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B-segment" title="B-segment">B-segment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C-segment" title="C-segment">C-segment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D-segment" title="D-segment">D-segment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E-segment" title="E-segment">E-segment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F-segment" title="F-segment">F-segment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J-segment" class="mw-redirect" title="J-segment">J-segment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M-segment" class="mw-redirect" title="M-segment">M-segment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-segment" title="S-segment">S-segment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Car_body_style" title="Car body style">Body styles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2%2B2_(car_body_style)" title="2+2 (car body style)">2+2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baquet_(car_body_style)" class="mw-redirect" title="Baquet (car body style)">Baquet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barchetta" title="Barchetta">Barchetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlinetta" title="Berlinetta">Berlinetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brougham_(car_body)" title="Brougham (car body)">Brougham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabrio_coach" title="Cabrio coach">Cabrio coach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cab_over" title="Cab over">Cab over</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convertible" title="Convertible">Cabriolet / Convertible / Drophead coupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coupe" title="Coupe">Coupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coupe_de_Ville" class="mw-redirect" title="Coupe de Ville">Coupé de Ville / Sedanca de Ville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coup%C3%A9_utility" title="Coupé utility">Coupé utility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fastback" title="Fastback">Fastback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardtop" title="Hardtop">Hardtop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatchback" title="Hatchback">Hatchback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kammback" title="Kammback">Kammback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landaulet_(car)" title="Landaulet (car)">Landaulet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liftback" title="Liftback">Liftback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limousine" title="Limousine">Limousine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microvan" title="Microvan">Microvan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minibus" title="Minibus">Minibus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-stop_truck" title="Multi-stop truck">Multi-stop truck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notchback" title="Notchback">Notchback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panel_van" title="Panel van">Panel van</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phaeton_body" title="Phaeton body">Phaeton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pickup_truck" title="Pickup truck">Pickup truck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quad_coup%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Quad coupé">Quad coupé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convertible" title="Convertible">Retractable hardtop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roadster_(automobile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Roadster (automobile)">Roadster / Spider / Spyder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runabout_(car)" title="Runabout (car)">Runabout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedan_(automobile)" title="Sedan (automobile)">Saloon / Sedan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panel_van" title="Panel van">Sedan delivery/Panel van</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_brake" title="Shooting brake">Shooting brake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Station_wagon" title="Station wagon">Station wagon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Targa_top" title="Targa top">Targa top</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torpedo_(car)" title="Torpedo (car)">Torpedo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touring_car" title="Touring car">Touring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coupe_de_Ville" class="mw-redirect" title="Coupe de Ville">Town (Coupé de Ville)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-top" title="T-top">T-top</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vis-%C3%A0-vis_(carriage)" title="Vis-à-vis (carriage)">Vis-à-vis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Specialized <br />vehicles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All-terrain_vehicle" title="All-terrain vehicle">All-terrain vehicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphibious_vehicle" title="Amphibious vehicle">Amphibious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connected_car" title="Connected car">Connected</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-driving_car" title="Self-driving car">Driverless (autonomous)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go-kart" title="Go-kart">Go-kart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyrocar" title="Gyrocar">Gyrocar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadracycle" title="Quadracycle">Pedal car</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_rapid_transit" title="Personal rapid transit">Personal rapid transit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_car" title="Police car">Police car</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flying_car" title="Flying car">Flying car</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxicab" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxicab">Taxicab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tow_truck" title="Tow truck">Tow truck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voiturette" title="Voiturette">Voiturette</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ground_propulsion" title="Ground propulsion">Propulsion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle" title="Alternative fuel vehicle">Alternative fuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autogas" title="Autogas">Autogas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biodiesel" title="Biodiesel">Biodiesel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biofuel" title="Biofuel">Biofuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biogasoline" title="Biogasoline">Biogasoline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biogas" title="Biogas">Biogas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas" title="Compressed natural gas">Compressed natural gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diesel_engine" title="Diesel engine">Diesel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_vehicle" title="Electric vehicle">Electric</a> (<a href="/wiki/Battery_electric_vehicle" title="Battery electric vehicle">battery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neighborhood_Electric_Vehicle" title="Neighborhood Electric Vehicle">NEV</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_ethanol_fuel_mixtures" title="Common ethanol fuel mixtures">Ethanol</a> (<a href="/wiki/E85" title="E85">E85</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fossil_fuel" title="Fossil fuel">Fossil fuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuel_cell" title="Fuel cell">Fuel cell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuel_gas" title="Fuel gas">Fuel gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">Natural gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrol_engine" title="Petrol engine">Gasoline / petrol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gasoline_direct_injection" title="Gasoline direct injection">direct injection</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homogeneous_charge_compression_ignition" title="Homogeneous charge compression ignition">Homogeneous charge compression ignition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hybrid_electric_vehicle" title="Hybrid electric vehicle">Hybrid</a> (<a href="/wiki/Plug-in_hybrid" title="Plug-in hybrid">plug-in</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_vehicle" title="Hydrogen vehicle">Hydrogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine" title="Internal combustion engine">Internal combustion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquid_nitrogen_engine" title="Liquid nitrogen engine">Liquid nitrogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquified_petroleum_gas" class="mw-redirect" title="Liquified petroleum gas">Liquified petroleum gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steam_car" title="Steam car">Steam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Drive_wheel" title="Drive wheel">Drive wheels</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Front-wheel_drive" title="Front-wheel drive">Front-wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powertrain_layout#Rear_wheel_drive_layouts" title="Powertrain layout">Rear-wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-wheel_drive" title="Two-wheel drive">Two-wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four-wheel_drive" title="Four-wheel drive">Four-wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six-wheel_drive" title="Six-wheel drive">Six-wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eight-wheel_drive" title="Eight-wheel drive">Eight-wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten-wheel_drive" class="mw-redirect" title="Ten-wheel drive">Ten-wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelve-wheel_drive" class="mw-redirect" title="Twelve-wheel drive">Twelve-wheel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Powertrain_layout" title="Powertrain layout">Engine position</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Front-engine_design" title="Front-engine design">Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid-engine_design" title="Mid-engine design">Mid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rear-engine_design" title="Rear-engine design">Rear</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Powertrain_layout" title="Powertrain layout">Layout</a> <br /><span class="nobold">(engine / drive)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Front-engine,_front-wheel-drive_layout" title="Front-engine, front-wheel-drive layout">Front-front</a> </li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Front-mid-engine,_front-wheel-drive_layout" title="Front-mid-engine, front-wheel-drive layout">Front mid-front</a> </li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Rear-engine,_front-wheel-drive_layout" title="Rear-engine, front-wheel-drive layout">Rear-front</a> </li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Front-engine,_rear-wheel-drive_layout" title="Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout">Front-rear</a> </li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Rear_mid-engine,_rear-wheel-drive_layout" title="Rear mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout">Rear mid-rear</a> </li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Rear-engine,_rear-wheel-drive_layout" title="Rear-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout">Rear-rear</a> </li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Front-engine,_four-wheel-drive_layout" title="Front-engine, four-wheel-drive layout">Front-four-wheel</a> </li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Mid-engine,_four-wheel-drive_layout" title="Mid-engine, four-wheel-drive layout">Mid-four-wheel</a> </li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Rear-engine,_four-wheel-drive_layout" title="Rear-engine, four-wheel-drive layout">Rear-four-wheel</a> </li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Dual-motor,_four-wheel-drive_layout" title="Dual-motor, four-wheel-drive layout">Dual motor-four-wheel</a> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Engine_configuration" title="Engine configuration">Engine configuration</a><br /><span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine" title="Internal combustion engine">internal combustion</a>)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flat_engine" title="Flat engine">Boxer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat_engine" title="Flat engine">Flat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four-stroke_engine" title="Four-stroke engine">Four-stroke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H_engine" title="H engine">H-block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reciprocating_engine" title="Reciprocating engine">Reciprocating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-cylinder_engine" title="Single-cylinder engine">Single-cylinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight_engine" title="Straight engine">Straight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-stroke_engine" title="Two-stroke engine">Two-stroke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V_engine" title="V engine">V (Vee)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W_engine" title="W engine">W engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wankel_engine" title="Wankel engine">Wankel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Cars" title="Portal:Cars">Portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cars" title="Category:Cars">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:EC_car_classification" title="Template:EC car classification">Template:EC car classification</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox 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