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</div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Шәхси ҡоралдар"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Уҡыу көйләүҙәре"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Измените внешний вид страницы, размер, ширину и цвет шрифта." > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Уҡыу көйләүҙәре" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Уҡыу көйләүҙәре</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=ba" class=""><span>Иғәнә</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%98%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF_%D1%8F%D2%99%D1%8B%D1%83%D1%8B_%D1%8F%D2%BB%D0%B0%D1%83&returnto=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Мотлаҡ булмаһа ла, иҫәп яҙмаһы төҙөргә һәм системала танылырға тәҡдим итәбеҙ" class=""><span>Теркәлеү</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%83&returnto=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Бында теркәлеү үтергә була, әммә мотлаҡ түгел [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Танылыу</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Күберәк мөмкинлектәр" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Шәхси ҡоралдар" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Шәхси ҡоралдар</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Ҡатнашыусы менюһы" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=ba"><span>Иғәнә</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%98%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF_%D1%8F%D2%99%D1%8B%D1%83%D1%8B_%D1%8F%D2%BB%D0%B0%D1%83&returnto=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Мотлаҡ булмаһа ла, иҫәп яҙмаһы төҙөргә һәм системала танылырға тәҡдим итәбеҙ"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Теркәлеү</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%83&returnto=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Бында теркәлеү үтергә була, әммә мотлаҡ түгел [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Танылыу</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Танылмаған мөхәррирҙәр өсөн бит <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A0%D3%99%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D2%99" aria-label="Мөхәррирләү тураһында ентеклерәк"><span>Күберәк белергә</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D3%A8%D0%BB%D3%A9%D1%88%D3%A9%D0%BC" title="Был IP-адрестан яһалған төҙәтеүҙәр [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Өлөш</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D3%98%D2%A3%D0%B3%D3%99%D0%BC%D3%99_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="IP-адресығыҙ өсөн фекер алышыу бите [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Фекер алышыу</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var node=document.getElementById("mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace");if(node){node.outerHTML="\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-close\"\u003E[\u003Ca tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"\u003Eйәшерергә\u003C/a\u003E]\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-body\"\u003E\u003C!-- CentralNotice --\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\"localNotice\" data-nosnippet=\"\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"sitenotice\" lang=\"ba\" dir=\"ltr\"\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Сайт"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Йөкмәткеһе" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Йөкмәткеһе</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ҡабырға панеленә күсерергә</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">йәшерергә</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Башы</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Терминға_билдәләмә" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Терминға_билдәләмә"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Терминға билдәләмә</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Терминға_билдәләмә-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Тарих" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Тарих"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Тарих</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Тарих-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-АҠШ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#АҠШ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>АҠШ</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-АҠШ-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>АҠШ бүлеген күрһәтергә/йәшерергә</span> </button> <ul id="toc-АҠШ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Америкалағы_негрҙар" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Америкалағы_негрҙар"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Америкалағы негрҙар</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Америкалағы_негрҙар-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Латин_Америкаһы" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Латин_Америкаһы"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Латин Америкаһы</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Латин_Америкаһы-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Европа" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Европа"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Европа</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Европа-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Европа бүлеген күрһәтергә/йәшерергә</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Европа-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Британия" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Британия"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Британия</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Британия-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Германия" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Германия"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Германия</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Германия-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Берләшкән_Германия" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Берләшкән_Германия"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.1</span> <span>Берләшкән Германия</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Берләшкән_Германия-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Италия" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Италия"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Италия</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Италия-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Швеция" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Швеция"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Швеция</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Швеция-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Көньяҡ-Африка_Республикаһы" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Көньяҡ-Африка_Республикаһы"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Көньяҡ-Африка Республикаһы</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Көньяҡ-Африка_Республикаһы-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Рәсәй" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Рәсәй"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Рәсәй</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Рәсәй-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Япония" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Япония"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Япония</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Япония-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ираҡ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ираҡ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Ираҡ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ираҡ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Мавритания" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Мавритания"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Мавритания</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Мавритания-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Судан" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Судан"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Судан</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Судан-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Шиғый_илдәре" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Шиғый_илдәре"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Шиғый илдәре</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Шиғый_илдәре-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Расизмды_тәнҡитләү" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Расизмды_тәнҡитләү"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Расизмды тәнҡитләү</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Расизмды_тәнҡитләү-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Расизмды тәнҡитләү бүлеген күрһәтергә/йәшерергә</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Расизмды_тәнҡитләү-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Кешеләр_расаһы_төшөнсәһен_тәнҡитләү" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Кешеләр_расаһы_төшөнсәһен_тәнҡитләү"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1</span> <span>Кешеләр расаһы төшөнсәһен тәнҡитләү</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Кешеләр_расаһы_төшөнсәһен_тәнҡитләү-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Идеология" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Идеология"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.2</span> <span>Идеология</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Идеология-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Раса_дискриминацияһы_һәм_расизмға_ҡаршы_көрәш" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Раса_дискриминацияһы_һәм_расизмға_ҡаршы_көрәш"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Раса дискриминацияһы һәм расизмға ҡаршы көрәш</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Раса_дискриминацияһы_һәм_расизмға_ҡаршы_көрәш-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Раса дискриминацияһы һәм расизмға ҡаршы көрәш бүлеген күрһәтергә/йәшерергә</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Раса_дискриминацияһы_һәм_расизмға_ҡаршы_көрәш-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ыңғай_дискриминация" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ыңғай_дискриминация"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.1</span> <span>Ыңғай дискриминация</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ыңғай_дискриминация-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Шулай_уҡ_ҡарағыҙ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Шулай_уҡ_ҡарағыҙ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Шулай уҡ ҡарағыҙ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Шулай_уҡ_ҡарағыҙ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Иҫкәрмә" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Иҫкәрмә"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Иҫкәрмә</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Иҫкәрмә-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Әҙәбиәт" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Әҙәбиәт"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>Әҙәбиәт</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Әҙәбиәт-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Һылтанмалар" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Һылтанмалар"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>Һылтанмалар</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Һылтанмалар-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Йөкмәткеһе" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Йөкмәткене күрһәтергә/йәшерергә" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Йөкмәткене күрһәтергә/йәшерергә</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Расизм</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Икенсе телдәге мәҡәләгә күсегеҙ. 147 телдә уҡырға була" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-147" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">147 тел</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rassisme" title="Rassisme — африкаанс" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Rassisme" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="африкаанс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rassismus" title="Rassismus — швейцарский немецкий" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Rassismus" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="швейцарский немецкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%98%E1%88%A8%E1%8A%9D%E1%8A%90%E1%89%B5" title="ዘረኝነት — амхарский" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ዘረኝነት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="амхарский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racismo" title="Racismo — арагонский" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Racismo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="арагонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="नस्लवाद — ангика" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="नस्लवाद" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="ангика" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="عنصرية — арабский" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عنصرية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арабский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="عنصرية — Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="عنصرية" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%87_%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%87" title="تفرقه عنصريه — Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تفرقه عنصريه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racismu" title="Racismu — астурийский" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Racismu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="астурийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0rq%C3%A7ilik" title="İrqçilik — азербайджанский" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İrqçilik" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="азербайджанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%82%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="عیرقچیلیک — South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="عیرقچیلیک" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rassismus" title="Rassismus — Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Rassismus" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ras%C4%97zmos" title="Rasėzmos — Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Rasėzmos" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Расізм — белорусский" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Расізм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="белорусский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Расізм — белорусский (тарашкевица)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Расізм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="белорусский (тарашкевица)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Расизъм — болгарский" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Расизъм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="болгарский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6" title="বর্ণবাদ — бенгальский" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বর্ণবাদ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бенгальский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gouennelouriezh" title="Gouennelouriezh — бретонский" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Gouennelouriezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="бретонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasizam" title="Rasizam — боснийский" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Rasizam" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="боснийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasisme" title="Rasisme — Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Rasisme" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Расизм — бурятский" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Расизм" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="бурятский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racisme" title="Racisme — каталанский" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Racisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Расизм — чеченский" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Расизм" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="чеченский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%97%E1%8F%93%E1%8F%93%E1%8E%B4%E1%8F%99%E1%8F%97" title="ᏗᏓᏓᎴᏙᏗ — чероки" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏗᏓᏓᎴᏙᏗ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="чероки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%DB%95%DA%AF%DB%95%D8%B2%D9%BE%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="ڕەگەزپەرستی — центральнокурдский" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕەگەزپەرستی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="центральнокурдский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasismus" title="Rasismus — чешский" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Rasismus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чешский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Расизм — чувашский" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Расизм" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="чувашский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiliaeth" title="Hiliaeth — валлийский" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Hiliaeth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="валлийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racisme" title="Racisme — датский" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Racisme" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="датский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rassismus" title="Rassismus — немецкий" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Rassismus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="немецкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyi%C9%9Br%C3%ABth%C3%A4nd%C3%AFt" title="Nyiɛrëthändït — динка" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Nyiɛrëthändït" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="динка" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rinanzat" title="Rinanzat — Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Rinanzat" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%B1%CF%84%CF%83%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Ρατσισμός — греческий" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρατσισμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="греческий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racism" title="Racism — английский" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Racism" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="английский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasismo" title="Rasismo — эсперанто" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Rasismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="эсперанто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racismo" title="Racismo — испанский" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Racismo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rassism" title="Rassism — эстонский" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Rassism" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="эстонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrazismo" title="Arrazismo — баскский" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Arrazismo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баскский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DA%98%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="نژادپرستی — персидский" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نژادپرستی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="персидский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="сифатлы мәҡәләләр"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasismi" title="Rasismi — финский" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Rasismi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="финский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rassism" title="Rassism — выруский" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Rassism" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="выруский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasuskilna%C3%B0ur" title="Rasuskilnaður — фарерский" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Rasuskilnaður" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="фарерский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racisme" title="Racisme — французский" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Racisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="французский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasisme" title="Rasisme — западнофризский" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Rasisme" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="западнофризский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cin%C3%ADochas" title="Ciníochas — ирландский" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ciníochas" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ирландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasism" title="Rasism — Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Rasism" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racismo" title="Racismo — галисийский" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Racismo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галисийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%91emboyke_piresa%27%C3%BDre" title="Ñemboyke piresa'ýre — гуарани" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ñemboyke piresa'ýre" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="гуарани" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wariyar_launin_fata" title="Wariyar launin fata — хауса" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Wariyar launin fata" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="хауса" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%96%D7%A2%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA" title="גזענות — иврит" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גזענות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="иврит" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="नस्लवाद — хинди" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नस्लवाद" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="хинди" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racism" title="Racism — Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Racism" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasizam" title="Rasizam — хорватский" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Rasizam" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хорватский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasis" title="Rasis — гаитянский" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Rasis" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="гаитянский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasszizmus" title="Rasszizmus — венгерский" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Rasszizmus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="венгерский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%B4" title="Ռասիզմ — армянский" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռասիզմ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="армянский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racialismo" title="Racialismo — интерлингва" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Racialismo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="интерлингва" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasisme" title="Rasisme — индонезийский" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Rasisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонезийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasismo" title="Rasismo — илоко" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Rasismo" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="илоко" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasismo" title="Rasismo — идо" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Rasismo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="идо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyn%C3%BE%C3%A1ttahyggja" title="Kynþáttahyggja — исландский" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kynþáttahyggja" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="исландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Razzismo" title="Razzismo — итальянский" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Razzismo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="итальянский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E7%A8%AE%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="人種主義 — японский" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="人種主義" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="японский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riesizim" title="Riesizim — Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Riesizim" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasisme" title="Rasisme — яванский" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Rasisme" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="яванский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="რასიზმი — грузинский" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რასიზმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="грузинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D3%99%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%88%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Нәсілшілдік — казахский" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Нәсілшілдік" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="казахский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A3%E0%B2%AD%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%A6_%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BF" title="ವರ್ಣಭೇದ ನೀತಿ — каннада" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವರ್ಣಭೇದ ನೀತಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="каннада" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EC%A2%85_%EC%B0%A8%EB%B3%84" title="인종 차별 — корейский" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="인종 차별" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корейский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Расизм — карачаево-балкарский" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Расизм" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="карачаево-балкарский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%AEjadperest%C3%AE" title="Nîjadperestî — курдский" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Nîjadperestî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="курдский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilgasieth" title="Hilgasieth — корнский" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Hilgasieth" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="корнский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Расизм — киргизский" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Расизм" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="киргизский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rassismus" title="Rassismus — латинский" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Rassismus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="латинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasizmo" title="Rasizmo — ладино" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Rasizmo" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ладино" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rassissem" title="Rassissem — люксембургский" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Rassissem" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="люксембургский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Razisme" title="Razisme — Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Razisme" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racisme" title="Racisme — лимбургский" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Racisme" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="лимбургский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Razism" title="Razism — Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Razism" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Razzismo" title="Razzismo — Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Razzismo" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasizmas" title="Rasizmas — литовский" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Rasizmas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литовский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasisms" title="Rasisms — латышский" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Rasisms" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латышский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanavakavaham-bolon-koditra" title="Fanavakavaham-bolon-koditra — малагасийский" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fanavakavaham-bolon-koditra" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="малагасийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasisme" title="Rasisme — минангкабау" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Rasisme" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="минангкабау" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Расизам — македонский" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Расизам" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="македонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" title="വർണ്ണവിവേചനം — малаялам" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വർണ്ണവിവേചനം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="малаялам" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D3%A9%D0%BD%D0%B3%D3%A9%D3%A9%D1%80_%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%83%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%85_%D2%AF%D0%B7%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Арьсны өнгөөр ялгаварлан гадуурхах үзэл — монгольский" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Арьсны өнгөөр ялгаварлан гадуурхах үзэл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="монгольский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7" title="वर्णद्वेष — маратхи" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="वर्णद्वेष" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="маратхи" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasisme" title="Rasisme — малайский" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Rasisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малайский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racismo" title="Racismo — мирандский" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Racismo" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="мирандский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B0%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%85%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B2%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AB%E1%80%92" title="လူမျိုးစွဲဝါဒ — бирманский" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="လူမျိုးစွဲဝါဒ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="бирманский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rassismus" title="Rassismus — нижненемецкий" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Rassismus" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="нижненемецкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6" title="रंगभेद — неварский" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="रंगभेद" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="неварский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racisme" title="Racisme — нидерландский" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Racisme" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="нидерландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasisme" title="Rasisme — нюнорск" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Rasisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="нюнорск" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasisme" title="Rasisme — норвежский букмол" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Rasisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвежский букмол" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racisme" title="Racisme — окситанский" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Racisme" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="окситанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gandummaa" title="Gandummaa — оромо" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Gandummaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="оромо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A6" title="ਨਸਲਵਾਦ — панджаби" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਨਸਲਵਾਦ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="панджаби" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racismo" title="Racismo — папьяменто" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Racismo" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="папьяменто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasizm" title="Rasizm — польский" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rasizm" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="польский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rassism" title="Rassism — Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Rassism" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%84_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="نسل پرستی — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="نسل پرستی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%85%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%87" title="توکمپالنه — пушту" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="توکمپالنه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="пушту" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racismo" title="Racismo — португальский" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Racismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португальский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chawchuri_rikuri" title="Chawchuri rikuri — кечуа" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Chawchuri rikuri" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="кечуа" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rassissem" title="Rassissem — романшский" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Rassissem" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="романшский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasism" title="Rasism — румынский" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Rasism" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румынский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Расизм — русский" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Расизм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="русский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Расізм — русинский" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Расізм" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="русинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Расизм — саха" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Расизм" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="саха" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ratzismu" title="Ratzismu — сардинский" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Ratzismu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="сардинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Razzismu" title="Razzismu — сицилийский" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Razzismu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="сицилийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasizam" title="Rasizam — сербскохорватский" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Rasizam" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="сербскохорватский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%AF%E0%B6%BA" title="ජාතිවාදය — сингальский" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ජාතිවාදය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="сингальский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racism" title="Racism — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Racism" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasizmus" title="Rasizmus — словацкий" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Rasizmus" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словацкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasizem" title="Rasizem — словенский" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Rasizem" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словенский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusaruraganda" title="Rusaruraganda — шона" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Rusaruraganda" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="шона" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midabtakoor" title="Midabtakoor — сомали" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Midabtakoor" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="сомали" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racizmi" title="Racizmi — албанский" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Racizmi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="албанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Расизам — сербский" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Расизам" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="сербский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasism" title="Rasism — шведский" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Rasism" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="шведский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubaguzi_wa_rangi" title="Ubaguzi wa rangi — суахили" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ubaguzi wa rangi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="суахили" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasizm" title="Rasizm — силезский" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Rasizm" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="силезский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="இனவாதம் — тамильский" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இனவாதம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамильский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D3%A3" title="Нажодпарастӣ — таджикский" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Нажодпарастӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="таджикский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4" title="คตินิยมเชื้อชาติ — тайский" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คตินิยมเชื้อชาติ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тайский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasismo" title="Rasismo — тагалог" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Rasismo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="тагалог" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasizm" title="Rasizm — талышский" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Rasizm" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="талышский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irk%C3%A7%C4%B1l%C4%B1k" title="Irkçılık — турецкий" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Irkçılık" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="турецкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Расизм — татарский" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Расизм" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="татарский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Расизм — тувинский" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Расизм" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="тувинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Расизм — украинский" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Расизм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%84_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="نسل پرستی — урду" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نسل پرستی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="урду" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irqchilik" title="Irqchilik — узбекский" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Irqchilik" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="узбекский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%C3%A2n_bi%E1%BB%87t_ch%E1%BB%A7ng_t%E1%BB%99c" title="Phân biệt chủng tộc — вьетнамский" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Phân biệt chủng tộc" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="вьетнамский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raecisse" title="Raecisse — валлонский" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Raecisse" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="валлонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasismo" title="Rasismo — варай" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Rasismo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="варай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%8D%E6%97%8F%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="种族主义 — у" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="种族主义" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="у" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="რასიზმი — мегрельский" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="რასიზმი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="мегрельский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D" title="ראסיזם — идиш" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ראסיזם" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="идиш" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8C%E1%B9%A3%E1%BA%B9l%E1%BA%B9%CC%81y%C3%A0m%E1%BA%B9%CC%80y%C3%A0" title="Ìṣẹlẹ́yàmẹ̀yà — йоруба" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ìṣẹlẹ́yàmẹ̀yà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="йоруба" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%8D%E6%97%8F%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="种族主义 — китайский" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="种族主义" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="китайский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A9ng-cho%CC%8Dk-ch%C3%BA-g%C4%AB" title="Chéng-cho̍k-chú-gī — миньнань" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chéng-cho̍k-chú-gī" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="миньнань" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A8%AE%E6%97%8F%E6%AD%A7%E8%A6%96" title="種族歧視 — кантонский" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="種族歧視" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukucwasa_ngokwebala" title="Ukucwasa ngokwebala — зулу" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Ukucwasa ngokwebala" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="зулу" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q8461#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Башҡа телдәргә һылтанмаларҙы төҙәтеү" class="wbc-editpage">Һылтанмаларҙы төҙәтергә</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Исем арауыҡтары"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Эстәлек битен ҡарау [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Бит</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%88%D0%B5%D2%AF:%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" rel="discussion" title="Биттең эстәлеге тураһында фекерләшеү [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Фекер алышыу</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Телде үҙгәртергә" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span 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href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&action=edit" title="Биттең сығанаҡ кодын үҙгәртеү [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Кодты үҙгәртеү</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&action=history" title="Биттең төҙәтеүҙәр журналы [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Тарих</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Ҡоралдар"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ҡоралдар" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ҡоралдар</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Ҡоралдар</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">ҡабырға панеленә күсерергә</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">йәшерергә</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Күберәк мөмкинлектәр" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ғәмәлдәр </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC"><span>Уҡыу</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&veaction=edit" title="Был битте үҙгәртеү [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Үҙгәртеү</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&action=edit" title="Биттең сығанаҡ кодын үҙгәртеү [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Кодты үҙгәртеү</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&action=history"><span>Тарих</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Дөйөм </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%91%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D2%BB%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Был биткә һылтанған барлыҡ биттәрҙең исемлеге [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Был биткә һылтанмалар</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%91%D3%99%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D2%AF%D2%99%D0%B3%D3%99%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D2%AF%D2%99%D3%99%D1%80/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" rel="nofollow" title="Был бит һылтанған биттәрҙәге һуңғы үҙгәртеүҙәр [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Бәйле үҙгәртеүҙәр</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%82%D3%99%D1%80" title="Барлыҡ махсус биттәр исемлеге [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Махсус биттәр</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&oldid=1268063" title="Биттең был өлгөһөнә даими һылтанма"><span>Даими һылтанма</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&action=info" title="Был бит тураһында ентекләберәк"><span>Бит мәғлүмәттәре</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0&page=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&id=1268063&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Был биттән нисек өҙөмтә яһау тураһында мәғлүмәт"><span>Биттән өҙөмтә яһарға</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fba.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%25A0%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7%25D0%25BC"><span>Ҡыҫҡа URL алыу</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fba.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%25A0%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7%25D0%25BC"><span>QR код алыу</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Баҫтырыу/сығарыу </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:Collection&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC"><span>Китап төҙөү</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:DownloadAsPdf&page=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&action=show-download-screen"><span>PDF форматында йөкләү</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&printable=yes" title="Биттең ҡағыҙға баҫтырыу өсөн өлгөһө [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Баҫтырыу өлгөһө</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Башҡа проекттарҙа </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Racism" hreflang="en"><span>Викимилек</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q8461" title="Мәғлүмәт һаҡлағысына бәйле элементҡа һылтанма [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Викимәғлүмәт элементы</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Ҡоралдар"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Уҡыу көйләүҙәре"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Уҡыу көйләүҙәре</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">ҡабырға панеленә күсерергә</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">йәшерергә</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Википедия — ирекле энциклопедия мәғлүмәте</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ba" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1278674">.mw-parser-output .ts-Универсальная_карточка{width:23em}.mw-parser-output .ts-Универсальная_карточка-above{background:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);font-weight:bold;font-size:120%;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ts-Универсальная_карточка-original,.mw-parser-output .ts-Универсальная_карточка-image{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ts-Универсальная_карточка-label{width:9em;background:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);text-align:left;padding-left:.4em;padding-right:.4em}.mw-parser-output .ts-Универсальная_карточка-split{vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ts-Универсальная_карточка-below{background:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ts-Универсальная_карточка-error{background:var(--background-color-destructive-subtle,#ffe9e5);border:1px solid var(--border-color-error,#9f3526);text-align:center}</style> <table cellspacing="2" class="infobox ts-Универсальная_карточка"> <tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-above ts-Универсальная_карточка-above">Расизм</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ts-Универсальная_карточка-image"><span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q8461$D03916B8-00EE-41A9-B591-8884E4C36A40" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P18"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:1943_Colored_Waiting_Room_Sign.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Рәсем" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/1943_Colored_Waiting_Room_Sign.jpg/274px-1943_Colored_Waiting_Room_Sign.jpg" decoding="async" width="274" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/1943_Colored_Waiting_Room_Sign.jpg/411px-1943_Colored_Waiting_Room_Sign.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/1943_Colored_Waiting_Room_Sign.jpg/548px-1943_Colored_Waiting_Room_Sign.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1433" data-file-height="1503" /></a></span></span></span></td></tr> <tr><th class="infobox-label ts-Универсальная_карточка-label">Әһәмиәтле кеше</th><td class="infobox-text"> <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q8461$A264F526-E9ED-462E-AFEC-01D7486E3540" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P3342"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Аристотель">Аристотель</a></span></span>, <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q8461$1822096B-16CE-4F88-AE75-65D0BD3DECA0" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P3342"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%85%2C+%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD-%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85&action=edit&editintro=T:Нет_статьи/editintro&preload=T:Нет_статьи/preload&preloadparams%5B%5D=Q58588&preloadparams%5B%5D=%D0%91%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%85%2C+%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD-%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85&preloadparams%5B%5D=Персона"><span style="color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333); text-decoration:inherit; text-decoration-color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333);">Блуменбах, Иоганн-Фридрих</span></a></span><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58588" class="extiw" title="d:Q58588">[d]</a></sup></span></span>, <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q8461$EF7789CF-3A13-4556-95FF-DB6A7AAF004B" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P3342"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Christoph+Meiners&action=edit&editintro=T:Нет_статьи/editintro&preload=T:Нет_статьи/preload&preloadparams%5B%5D=Q71587&preloadparams%5B%5D=Christoph+Meiners&preloadparams%5B%5D=Персона"><span style="color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333); text-decoration:inherit; text-decoration-color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333);">Christoph Meiners</span></a></span><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q71587" class="extiw" title="d:Q71587">[d]</a></sup></span></span>, <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q8461$B7F799FF-2D11-496B-99C3-B01427B4049C" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P3342"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%2C+%D0%96%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%84+%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8E%D1%80+%D0%B4%D0%B5&action=edit&editintro=T:Нет_статьи/editintro&preload=T:Нет_статьи/preload&preloadparams%5B%5D=Q264918&preloadparams%5B%5D=%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%2C+%D0%96%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%84+%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8E%D1%80+%D0%B4%D0%B5&preloadparams%5B%5D=Персона"><span style="color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333); text-decoration:inherit; text-decoration-color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333);">Гобино, Жозеф Артюр де</span></a></span><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q264918" class="extiw" title="d:Q264918">[d]</a></sup></span></span> һәм <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q8461$26968196-80DA-4718-9E7B-2D41B2B73791" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P3342"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B6%2C+%D0%96%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B6+%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5+%D0%B4%D0%B5&action=edit&editintro=T:Нет_статьи/editintro&preload=T:Нет_статьи/preload&preloadparams%5B%5D=Q2589859&preloadparams%5B%5D=%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B6%2C+%D0%96%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B6+%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5+%D0%B4%D0%B5&preloadparams%5B%5D=Персона"><span style="color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333); text-decoration:inherit; text-decoration-color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333);">Лапуж, Жорж Ваше де</span></a></span><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2589859" class="extiw" title="d:Q2589859">[d]</a></sup></span></span></td></tr> <tr><th class="infobox-label ts-Универсальная_карточка-label">Йоғонто яһаусы</th><td class="infobox-text"> <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q8461$5FF621D6-A19E-4C3B-BDF0-355754C55F25" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P737"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Империализм">Империализм</a></span></span>, <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q8461$F20FB333-AC3C-4BE4-A181-583CE4531E80" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P737"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Капитализм">Капитализм</a></span></span> һәм <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q8461$7E257148-45EA-4015-A820-8C507BD7B3E3" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P737"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8F&action=edit&editintro=T:Нет_статьи/editintro&preload=T:Нет_статьи/preload&preloadparams%5B%5D=Q10701282&preloadparams%5B%5D=%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8F&preloadparams%5B%5D=Универсальная+карточка"><span style="color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333); text-decoration:inherit; text-decoration-color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333);">трансатлантическая работорговля</span></a></span><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10701282" class="extiw" title="d:Q10701282">[d]</a></sup></span></span></td></tr> <tr><th class="infobox-label ts-Универсальная_карточка-label">Телгә алынған хеҙмәттәр</th><td 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class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P1441"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&editintro=T:Нет_статьи/editintro&preload=T:Нет_статьи/preload&preloadparams%5B%5D=Q212340&preloadparams%5B%5D=%D0%A3%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&preloadparams%5B%5D=Универсальная+карточка"><span style="color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333); text-decoration:inherit; text-decoration-color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333);">Убить пересмешника</span></a></span><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212340" class="extiw" title="d:Q212340">[d]</a></sup></span></span> һәм <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q8461$64C74B00-7280-4120-B3C5-334EB61E989D" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P1441"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Imitation+of+Life&action=edit&editintro=T:Нет_статьи/editintro&preload=T:Нет_статьи/preload&preloadparams%5B%5D=Q6004170&preloadparams%5B%5D=Imitation+of+Life&preloadparams%5B%5D=Универсальная+карточка"><span style="color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333); text-decoration:inherit; text-decoration-color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333);">Imitation of Life</span></a></span><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6004170" class="extiw" title="d:Q6004170">[d]</a></sup></span></span></td></tr> <tr><th class="infobox-label ts-Универсальная_карточка-label"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P1479" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P1479">Способствовавшим фактором является</a></th><td class="infobox-text"> <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q8461$CDE06627-A7EE-4441-813D-63A6F49B079D" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P1479"><span 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data-wikidata-claim-id="Q8461$95588F83-B509-49F7-91DA-1C15565E1358" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P6363"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.thenextweb.com/tnw/entity/racism">data.thenextweb.com/tnw/…</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-_bb149347fa5ac3f3_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-_bb149347fa5ac3f3-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr> <tr><th class="infobox-label ts-Универсальная_карточка-label">Ҡапма-ҡаршыһы</th><td class="infobox-text"> <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q8461$584f052d-47b7-dcd8-6ea5-322b9f5f6207" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P461"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&action=edit&editintro=T:Нет_статьи/editintro&preload=T:Нет_статьи/preload&preloadparams%5B%5D=Q582965&preloadparams%5B%5D=%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&preloadparams%5B%5D=Универсальная+карточка"><span style="color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333); text-decoration:inherit; text-decoration-color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333);">антирасизм</span></a></span><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q582965" class="extiw" title="d:Q582965">[d]</a></sup></span></span> һәм <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q8461$0f01509a-47f6-7989-18bf-c12b39b76718" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P461"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE&action=edit&editintro=T:Нет_статьи/editintro&preload=T:Нет_статьи/preload&preloadparams%5B%5D=Q773009&preloadparams%5B%5D=%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE&preloadparams%5B%5D=Универсальная+карточка"><span style="color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333); text-decoration:inherit; text-decoration-color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333);">равенство</span></a></span><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q773009" class="extiw" title="d:Q773009">[d]</a></sup></span></span></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below ts-Универсальная_карточка-below"><span data-wikidata-claim-id="q8461$f356c33e-4ea6-7630-fe7b-e48a6c199177" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P373"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Racism" title="commons:Category:Racism"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Racism" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Racism">Расизм Викимилектә</a></span></span></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Расизм</b> — кешелек донъяһын сығышынан уҡ «юғары» һәм «түбән», «тулы» һәм «кәм» расаларға бүлеп ҡараған, кешелекте күрә алмаусы фәнни булмаған теория һәм реакцион сәйәсәт; кеше расаларының физик һәм психик тигеҙһеҙлеге һәм шул айырмалыҡтарҙың <a href="/wiki/%D0%99%D3%99%D0%BC%D2%93%D0%B8%D3%99%D1%82" title="Йәмғиәт">йәмғиәт</a> тарихына һәм <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%99%D2%99%D3%99%D0%BD%D0%B8%D3%99%D1%82" title="Мәҙәниәт">мәҙәниәтенә</a> хәл иткес йоғонто яһауы тураһында фәнни булмаған теория һәм шуға нигеҙләнгән сәйәсәт; кешелек донъяһын юғары һәм түбән расаларға бүленгән тип, уларҙың юғарылары ғына цивилизацияны барлыҡҡа килтергән һәм хакимлыҡ итергә тейеш тип ҡараған фәнни булмаған төшөнсә<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Расизмдың шулай уҡ бер нисә киң билдәләмәһе бар. Шулай итеп, <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Британ энциклопедияһы">Britannica</a> энциклопедияһы билдәләүенсә, расизм — кешеләрҙе раса тип аталған ҡәтғи диференциялы төркөмдәргә бүлеүсе ныҡлы ҡараш, тыумыштан мираҫ ителгән физик һәм ҡылыҡ һыҙаттарының интеллект, әхлаҡ, мәҙәниәт менән бәйлелеге, шулай уҡ тыумыштан бер расаның башҡа расаларҙан өҫтөнлөгө тураһындағы ныҡлы фекер<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Терминға_билдәләмә"><span id=".D0.A2.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.BC.D0.B8.D0.BD.D2.93.D0.B0_.D0.B1.D0.B8.D0.BB.D0.B4.D3.99.D0.BB.D3.99.D0.BC.D3.99"></span>Терминға билдәләмә</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Терминға билдәләмә бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&action=edit&section=1" title="Терминға билдәләмә бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>«Расизм»</b> һүҙе беренсе тапҡыр <a href="/wiki/1932_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1932 йыл">1932 йылда</a> <a href="/wiki/%D2%98%D1%83%D1%80_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Ҙур Ларусс энциклопедияһы">Ҙур Ларусс</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Франция">француз</a> энциклопедияһына индерелгән һәм унда «бер раса төркөмөнән башҡа расаларҙан өҫтөн, тип раҫлаусы система» тип аңлатылған. Уның хәҙерге мәғәнәһе<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> сәйәси дискурста киңәйтелгән, раса өҫтөнлөгөнөң критерийын этник, <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Дин">дини</a> йәки башҡа мәғәнәләр менән өҫтәп тулыландырылған. Хәҙерге замандағы был төшөнсәгә француз философы Альбер Меммиҙың «Расизм» китабы ҙур өлөш индергән. </p><p>Шул уҡ ваҡытта, күп илдәрҙә тотороҡлы мультираса һәм мультимәҙәни йәмғиәттәр булдырылған шарттарҙа, расизмдың билдәләмәһен киңәйтеү талап ителә.[көнө лә 2099] Расизм кешенең әхлағына, таланттарына, һәләттәренә һәм шәхестең холоҡ-фиғеленең айырым үҙенсәлектәренә хәл иткес йоғонто яһай тип аңлау ҡарашы бар<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Мәҫәлән, рәсәй ғалимы владимир Малахов расизм тураһында шулай яҙа «Ун туғыҙынсы быуат аҙағына тиклем (Германияла 1933 һәм 1945 йылдар араһында ҡабатланып торған) расизмды традицион, йәки классик тип атарға мөмкин.»<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>: </p><p>Виктор Шнирельман, заманса "яңы расизм"ды мәҙәниәткә баҫым яһап, уны биология менән аңлата һәм раса үҙенсәлектәре тыумыштан үҙгәрмәйенсә бирелгән, тип әйтә<sup id="cite_ref-shnirelm_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shnirelm-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Был ҡараш буйынса, кеше тирә-яҡ мөхиткә тиҙ яраҡлашыусы һәм үҙгәреүсе индивид түгел, ә айырым бер этник берлектең йәки дөйөм цивилизацияның ағзаһы булараҡ, уларҙың тәртибен механик рәүештә ҡабатлаусы, тип билдәләнә. Француз политологы һәм идеялар тарихсыһы <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre-Andr%C3%A9_Taguieff" class="extiw" title="fr:Pierre-André Taguieff">Пьер-Андре Тагиефф</a><span style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em"> <span class="ref-info" title="француз телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(фр.)</span></span><span class="link-ru" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%84,_%D0%9F%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%80-%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Тагиефф, Пьер-Андре (был бит юҡ)">баш.</a></span> юғары һәм түбән расаларҙың айырмаһын, ул расаларҙың эре йәмғиәттә бер-береһе менән бер ваҡытта ла тап килмәүен билдәләү өсөн «дифференциалистский расизм» терминын индерә<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Әлеге ваҡытта расаларҙы айырып ҡарау сәйәси яраҡһыҙ ҡараш тип һанала. Әммә бындай ҡараш йәшерен рәүештә йәшәп килә. Хәҙерге расизм биология терминологияһынан һәм бер расаның башҡаларынан өҫтөнлөгөнән алыҫта торһа ла, уға алмашҡа килгән<a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Цивилизация">цивилизацияларҙың</a> бер-береһенә тап килмәү тигән идеяһы йәмғиәттә һаҡлана, был идея буйынса расалар вәкилдәре бер-береһенән рухи планда ҡырҡа айырыла, улар араһындағы айырмалылыҡтарҙы һаҡлау өсөн, төрлө «мәҙәниәт» вәкилдәре бер-береһе менән буталышмаҫҡа, ҡатнашмаҫҡа тейеш, тип раҫлана<sup id="cite_ref-mal_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mal-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p> Социаль-психологик кимәлдә расизм коллектив теләктәшектең ихтыяжы менән аңлатыла, расизм күп осраҡта <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Милләтселек">милләтселектән</a> ҙурыраҡ<sup id="cite_ref-mal_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mal-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> өҫтөн тора, тип табыла.</p><blockquote class="ts-Начало_цитаты-quote"></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Тарих"><span id=".D0.A2.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B8.D1.85"></span>Тарих</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Тарих бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&action=edit&section=2" title="Тарих бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Расизмдың барлыҡҡа килеүен европалыларҙың географик асыштары менән бәйле. Йыш ҡына урындағы кешеләрҙе ҡырып бөтөрөү йәки уларҙы ҡолға әйләндереү колонизацион сәйәсәтте аҡлау өсөн, ҡайһы бер халыҡтарҙың ысынлап та тулы түгеллеге тураһында теорияларҙы барлыҡҡа килтерә. Негрҙар <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Библия">Библиялағы</a> атаһы Ной ҡәһәрләгән Хам нәҫеленән сыҡҡандар, тип, уларҙы <a href="/wiki/%D2%A0%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%BE%D2%A1" title="Ҡоллоҡ">ҡоллоҡҡа</a> дусар итеүҙе аҡлаусы гипотеза барлыҡҡа килә. Шуның менән бергә, <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Европа">Европа</a> илдәрендә бик юғары вазифа биләүсе ҡара халыҡ вәкилдәре замандаштарының бер ниндәй бәхәсһеҙ абруйы менән файҙалана ала. Густав Бадин (1747 йәки 1750—1822) — швед сәйәсмәне, тәүҙә ҡара тәнле ҡол була, һуңынан швед король ҡатын Луиза Ульриканың протекцияһы арҡаһында <a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Швеция">Швецияның</a> юғары вазифалы дәүләт эшмәкәре һәм королева һарайында уның, ә һуңынан уның ҡыҙы принцесса Софья Альбертинаның камергеры була. Полигенез теорияһы XVIII быуатта барлыҡҡа килә (уның буйынса кешелек төрлө ата-бабаларҙан килеп сыҡҡан, тип аңлатыла), был фекер кире ҡағыла, ләкин расизмды фәнни яҡтан нигеҙләүгә булышлыҡ итә<sup id="cite_ref-mal_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mal-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>«Ғилми расизм»ға (нордизмға) нигеҙ һалыусы тип <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Франция">француз</a> тарихсыһы Жозеф де Гобино ҡабул ителә<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, үҙенең «Опыт о неравенстве человеческих рас» (1853—1855 йылдарҙа) китабындағы ҡаралған йәмғиәттәрҙең раса составтарына уларҙың мәҙәни үҙенсәлектәре, иҡтисади моделдәре, һәм, ахыр сиктә — цивилизациялы уңыштары йоғөнтоһо тураһында тезис сығара. Норд расаһы, Гобино фекеренсә, тарих дауамында йәмғиәттең ойошторолоу һәм мәҙәниәтенең алға үҫешендә үҙенең башҡа расаларҙан өҫтөнлөгөн күрһәткән була. <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D2%93%D0%BE_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Боронғо Греция">Боронғо грек</a> һәм <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D2%93%D0%BE_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Боронғо Рим">боронғо рим</a> цивилизацияларының бөйөклөгөн Гобино, был цивилизацияларҙы күтәреүселәр улар менән хакимлыҡ итеүсе элита норд расаһынан булған, тип раҫлай. </p><p>Ж.Гобинонан һуң расист идеялары бик киң таралыу ала. Ул, мәҫәлән, француз социологы һәм психологы Гюстав Лебондың «Психология толпы» тигән эшендә ярылып күренеп ята. Билдәле француз антропологы Арман де Катрфаж да кеше расаларының тигеҙһеҙлеген яҡлай. </p><p>Германияға күсеп килгән инглиз аристократы Хьюстон Стюарт Чемберлен дә «Основы девятнадцатого столетия» (1899) китабында расизм концепцияларын эшкәртә, уларҙа «тевтон» расаһына «Арийское миросозерцание» (урыҫсаға. тәржемә. М., 1913) китабында һәм башҡа эштәрендә дан йырлай<sup id="cite_ref-mal_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mal-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Расизм теориялары «түбән» расаны эксплуатациялау юлы менән килем алыу өсөн отошло була һәм тейешле закондар менән нығытыла, мәҫәлән, раса-ара никахтарҙы тыйыу законы менән. Раса билдәләре буйынса дискриминация үҙ сиратында иҡтисади һәм социаль айырмалыҡтарҙы булдыра һәм көсәйтә, уларҙы инде кешеләр «мәҙәни айырма» итеп ҡабул итә башлайҙар. Һуңғылары үҙ сиратында «расалар тигеҙһеҙлегенең» «иҫбатламаһы» тип хеҙмәт итә башлай<sup id="cite_ref-mal_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mal-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/XIX_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%82" title="XIX быуат">XIX быуат</a> аҙағына тиклем «классик расизм» «аҡ кешеләр»ҙең башҡаларҙан өҫтөнлөгөн туранан-тура аңлата. XХ быуатта бындай ҡараш рецидивы нацистик ҡараштарҙы килтереп сығара, <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8A%D1%8F_%D2%BB%D1%83%D2%93%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%8B" title="Икенсе донъя һуғышы">Икенсе донъя һуғышы</a> барышында <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Холокост">миллионлаған кеше</a> ҡырылыуы быға миҫал. <a href="/wiki/XX_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%82" title="XX быуат">XХ быуаттың</a> икенсе яртыһында донъя кимәлендә расизм остракизмға дусар ителә, әммә рәсми рәүештә һәм рәсми танылмайынса ғәмәлдә ҡалыуын дауам итә (мәҫәлән, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D2%A1_%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Көньяҡ Африка Республикаһы">КАР-ҙағы</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Апартеид">апартеиды</a>) йәки формаллеге<sup id="cite_ref-mal_10-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mal-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. ваҡытта расизм йыш ҡына иммигранттарға ҡаршы йүнәлтелә<sup id="cite_ref-shnirelm_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shnirelm-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="АҠШ"><span id=".D0.90.D2.A0.D0.A8"></span>АҠШ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=3" title="АҠШ бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&action=edit&section=3" title="АҠШ бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Расизм <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D2%A0%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Америка Ҡушма Штаттары">АҠШ</a> дәүләтенә нигеҙ һалынғандан алып бар. Үҙенең милли һәм дини сифаттары менән башҡаларҙан айырылып торған аҡ тәнле кешеләр нигеҙләгән йәмғиәттә башҡа төркөмдәргә мөнәсәбәттәр үҙҙәренә ҡаратанан ныҡ айырыла. Расизмдың төп ҡорбаны булған халыҡ — индеецтар. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Америкалағы_негрҙар"><span id=".D0.90.D0.BC.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B8.D0.BA.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.B0.D2.93.D1.8B_.D0.BD.D0.B5.D0.B3.D1.80.D2.99.D0.B0.D1.80"></span>Америкалағы негрҙар</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Америкалағы негрҙар бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&action=edit&section=4" title="Америкалағы негрҙар бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Racistcampaignposter1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Racistcampaignposter1.jpg/250px-Racistcampaignposter1.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Racistcampaignposter1.jpg/375px-Racistcampaignposter1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Racistcampaignposter1.jpg/500px-Racistcampaignposter1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1290" data-file-height="1036" /></a><figcaption>Расисттарҙың һайлау алды плакаты, 1866 йылда<a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Пенсильвания">Пенсильванияла</a> губернатор һайлау ваҡытында ҡулланылған. </figcaption></figure> <p>Тәүге тапҡыр африка <a href="/wiki/%D2%A0%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%BE%D2%A1" title="Ҡоллоҡ">ҡол</a> негрҙары британия <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Виргиния">Вирджинияһына</a> Англия колонистары тарафынан 1619 йылда килтерелә. <a href="/wiki/1860_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1860 йыл">1860 йылға</a> ҡарата ҡоллоҡ һаҡланып ҡалған 15 америка штатындағы 12 миллион халыҡтың 4 миллионы ҡол була<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Был штаттарҙа йәшәгән 1,5 миллион ғаиләнең 390 меңдән ашыуында ҡолдар тотолған. </p><p>Ҡолдар хеҙмәте плантациялы хужалыҡта киң файҙаланыла, ул америка ҡол тотоусыларына юғары табыш алырға мөмкинлек бирә. <a href="/wiki/XIX_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%82" title="XIX быуат">XIX быуаттың</a> беренсе яртыһында АҠШ милли байлығы ҡолдар хеҙмәтен файҙаланыуға нигеҙләнгән була<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. XVI—XIX быуаттарҙа америка илдәренә 12 миллион тирәһе африкалылар килтерелә, шуларҙың 645 мең самаһы — хәҙерге заман АҠШ территорияһына килтерелгән. </p><p><a href="/wiki/1808_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1808 йыл">1808 йылда</a> Конгресс <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Африка">Африканан</a> яңы ҡолдар килтереүҙе тыйыуға ҡарамаҫтан, был тәжрибә кәм тигәндә тағы ла ярты быуат буйына дауам иткән. Ҡоллоҡ <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D2%A0%D0%A8-%D1%82%D0%B0%D2%93%D1%8B_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_%D2%BB%D1%83%D2%93%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%8B" title="АҠШ-тағы граждандар һуғышы">Аҡш-тағы граждандар һуғышы</a> ваҡытында <a href="/wiki/1863_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1863 йыл">1863 йылда</a> АҠШ президенты <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD" title="Авраам Линкольн">Авраам Линкольндың</a> прокламациялары менән юҡҡа сығарылған. Был закон АҠШ Конституцияһына 13-сө төҙәтмә менән индерелә, яңы төҙөтмәле Конституция <a href="/wiki/1865_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1865 йыл">1865 йылда</a> ҡабул ителә. </p><p>АҠШ-тағы расизмды бөтөрөү <a href="/wiki/1960_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1960 йыл">1960</a>-сы йылдарҙа ныҡлап башлана, гражданлыҡ хоҡуҡтары өсөн уңышлы көрәш хәрәкәте һөҙөмтәһендә раса дискриминацияһы сәйәсәте тыйыла. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Латин_Америкаһы"><span id=".D0.9B.D0.B0.D1.82.D0.B8.D0.BD_.D0.90.D0.BC.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B8.D0.BA.D0.B0.D2.BB.D1.8B"></span>Латин Америкаһы</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Латин Америкаһы бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&action=edit&section=5" title="Латин Америкаһы бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Испан колонияларында (шул иҫәптән Филиппинда) расизм европа расизмынан айырылып тора. Бер яҡтан, расаларҙың ҡатнашыуы ҡотолғоһоҙ була һәм касталар системаһы нигеҙендә ята; икенсе яҡтан, «ҡан таҙалығы» принциптары туранан-тура кеше статусының «аҡ тәнле» булыу проценты менән бәйлелеген аңлата. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Европа"><span id=".D0.95.D0.B2.D1.80.D0.BE.D0.BF.D0.B0"></span>Европа</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Европа бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&action=edit&section=6" title="Европа бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Британия"><span id=".D0.91.D1.80.D0.B8.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B8.D1.8F"></span>Британия</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Британия бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&action=edit&section=7" title="Британия бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ҡайһы бер тикшеренеүселәр нацистарҙың философия сығанағын <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Британия империяһы">Британия империяһының</a> империалистик идеологияһы һәм практикаһына нигеҙләнеүендә табалар. Саркисянц фекеренсә, инглиз философы Томас Карлейль нацистарҙың ысын уҡытыусыһы булған<sup id="cite_ref-романтик_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-романтик-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Германия"><span id=".D0.93.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.BC.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B8.D1.8F"></span>Германия</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Германия бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&action=edit&section=8" title="Германия бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Өсөнсө рейх</b> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Берләшкән_Германия"><span id=".D0.91.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.BB.D3.99.D1.88.D0.BA.D3.99.D0.BD_.D0.93.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.BC.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B8.D1.8F"></span>Берләшкән Германия</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Берләшкән Германия бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&action=edit&section=9" title="Берләшкән Германия бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Конституцияны яҡлау буйынса немец ведомство мәғлүмәттәре иҫәбенсә, <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Германия">ГФР</a>-ҙа <a href="/wiki/2009_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="2009 йыл">2009 йылда</a> ультра уң экстремистар һаны тап ярты тапҡыр артҡан — сама менән 20-нән 30 меңгә тиклем. Эксперттар быны донъя финанс кризисы арҡаһында иҡтисади хәлдең насарайыуы һәм тормош кимәленең түбәнәйеүе менән аңлаталар. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Италия"><span id=".D0.98.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.B8.D1.8F"></span>Италия</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Италия бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&action=edit&section=10" title="Италия бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>19 апрель, 1937 — эфиоптар менән буталыуҙы тыйыу тураһында декрет<sup id="cite_ref-DRidley_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DRidley-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>30 декабрь,1937 — ғәрәптәр менән буталыуҙы тыйыу тураһында декрет<sup id="cite_ref-DRidley_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DRidley-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>17 ноябрь,1938 — йәһүдтәр (еврейҙар) менән буталыуҙы тыйыу һәм йәһүдтәрҙең хөкүмәт һәм хәрби хеҙмәттә булыуын тыйыу тураһында декрет<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>1943 йылда фашизм ҡолатылғандан һуң был декреттар юҡҡа сығарылған<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Швеция"><span id=".D0.A8.D0.B2.D0.B5.D1.86.D0.B8.D1.8F"></span>Швеция</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Швеция бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&action=edit&section=11" title="Швеция бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1913_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1913 йыл">1913</a>-<a href="/wiki/1971_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1971 йыл">1971 йылдарҙа</a> айырым мәктәптәрҙә уҡыған саам балаларына ҡарата хөкүмәт сегрегация сәйәсәтен үткәрә<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1937_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1937 йыл">1919 −1937 йылдарҙа</a> саамдар мәжбүри күсеүгә дусар ителә.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1934_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1934 йыл">1919</a>-<a href="/wiki/1976_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1976 йыл">1976 йылдарҙа</a> мәжбүри стерилизациялау тураһында евгеник закон ғәмәлдә була. Был закон буйынса ҡатнаш расаға ҡараған кешеләрҙең нәҫелен иҫкәртеүгә йүнәлтелгән программа төҙөлгән<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1937_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1937 йыл">1937 йылда</a> дәүләт сиркәүҙәрендә швед һәм немец граждандары никахлашҡанда руханиҙар тарафынан уларға ҡарата Нюренберг законын ҡулланырға тәҡдим ителә, һәм <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8A%D1%8F_%D2%BB%D1%83%D2%93%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%8B" title="Икенсе донъя һуғышы">Икенсе донъя һуғышы</a> тамамланғансы күпселек дин әһелдәре был тәҡдимдәргә таянып эшләй<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <p>Һуңғы тикшеренеүҙәр мәғлүмәттәренә ярашлы, раса-ара ыҙғыш <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Европа">Европала</a> элеккесә юғары кимәлдә тора. Шулай уҡ өсөнсө донъя илдәре мигранттарының Европаға күсеп килеүе лә был проблеманы юғары кимәлдә ҡуҙғыта<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Көньяҡ-Африка_Республикаһы"><span id=".D0.9A.D3.A9.D0.BD.D1.8C.D1.8F.D2.A1-.D0.90.D1.84.D1.80.D0.B8.D0.BA.D0.B0_.D0.A0.D0.B5.D1.81.D0.BF.D1.83.D0.B1.D0.BB.D0.B8.D0.BA.D0.B0.D2.BB.D1.8B"></span>Көньяҡ-Африка Республикаһы</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Көньяҡ-Африка Республикаһы бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&action=edit&section=12" title="Көньяҡ-Африка Республикаһы бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/1973_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1973 йыл">1973 йылда</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%88%D0%BA%D3%99%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%82%D1%82%D3%99%D1%80_%D0%9E%D0%B9%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Берләшкән Милләттәр Ойошмаһы">БМО</a>-ның Генераль ассамблеяһы «Апартеид енәйәттәрен иҫкәртеү һәм уның өсөн яза» тигән Халыҡ-ара конвенция ҡабул итә, конвенция <a href="/wiki/1976_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1976 йыл">1976 йылда</a> үҙ көсөнә инә. Апартеидтың "енәйәт"се режимы тип <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D2%A1_%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Көньяҡ Африка Республикаһы">Көняҡ Африка Республикаһындағы</a> негроид расаһы халҡының европеоид расаһынан айырылыуы (сегрегацияһы) атала. </p><p>Апартеид бөтөрөлгәндән һуң һәм колонияларға ҡаршы көрәштә уңыштарға ирешеүҙән һуң, Көньяҡ Африка, <a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B2%D0%B5" title="Зимбабве">Зимбабве</a> һәм <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Намибия">Намибияла</a> власҡа ҡара тәнле халыҡ партиялары власҡа килгәс, аҡ тәнле халыҡҡа ҡарата расизм барлыҡҡа килә<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Мәҫәлән, <a href="/wiki/2008_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="2008 йыл">2008 йылда</a> Зимбабвела, бизнестың теләһә ниндәй төрө менән илдә бары тик ҡара тәнле кешеләр генә шөғөлләнә ала, тигән закон ҡабул ителә<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Рәсәй"><span id=".D0.A0.D3.99.D1.81.D3.99.D0.B9"></span>Рәсәй</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Рәсәй бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&action=edit&section=13" title="Рәсәй бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Николай II <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D3%99%D1%81%D3%99%D0%B9_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Рәсәй империяһы">Рәсәй империяһында</a> «йәһүдлек» төшөнсәһе дин буйынса ғына түгел, ә раса критерийҙары буйынса билдәләнгән була. Бының менән бәйле <a href="/wiki/1910_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1910 йыл">1910 йылда</a> суҡындырылған йәһүдтәрҙе офицерлыҡҡа алыу тыйыла, ә 1912 йылда — уларҙың балаларын һәм ейәндәрен дә офицерлыҡҡа алыу тыйыла<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Япония"><span id=".D0.AF.D0.BF.D0.BE.D0.BD.D0.B8.D1.8F"></span>Япония</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Япония бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&action=edit&section=14" title="Япония бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/2005_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="2005 йыл">2005 йылда</a> Дьен Дуду, <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%9C%D0%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="БМО">БМО</a>-ның кеше хоҡуҡтары буйынса комиссияһының махсус докладсыһы, үҙенең докладында япония расизмының хәүеф менән янауы хаҡында белдерә, <a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Япония">Япония</a> хөкүмәтенә был проблеманың тәрәнлеген танырға кәрәк, тип әйтә<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BBC_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Туғыҙ көн тикшереүҙәр һөҙөмтәһендә Дьен, Япониялағы раса дискриминацияһы һәм ксенофобия беренсе сиратта өс төркөмгә йоғонто яһай тип белдерә: милли аҙсылыҡҡа, япон сығышлы латин америкалыларға, башлыса, япон бразилиялыларына, һәм башҡа Азия илдәренән килгән сит ил кешеләренә<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ираҡ"><span id=".D0.98.D1.80.D0.B0.D2.A1"></span>Ираҡ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Ираҡ бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&action=edit&section=15" title="Ираҡ бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Хәҙерге <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D2%A1" title="Ираҡ">Ираҡта</a> яҡынса 1,5-2 миллион афро-ираҡлы — IX-<a href="/wiki/XIX_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%82" title="XIX быуат">XIX быуаттарҙа</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Африка">Африканан</a> сығарылған ҡара тәнле ҡолдарҙың вариҫтары-зинджейҙар йәшәй. Афро-ираҡлылар <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Ислам">мосолман</a> динен тота, әммә уларҙың социаль статустары түбән: улар бары тик бай ираҡлыларҙың хеҙмәтселәре генә һәм закон сығарыу һәм башҡарма органдарында улар халҡының бер кешеһе лә вәкил булып тормай, ә ираҡлылар улар менән ҡатнаш никахҡа инеүҙе кәрәкһеҙ тип һанай<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Мавритания"><span id=".D0.9C.D0.B0.D0.B2.D1.80.D0.B8.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B8.D1.8F"></span>Мавритания</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Мавритания бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&action=edit&section=16" title="Мавритания бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Мавритания">Мавританияла</a> әлегә тиклем ҡоллоҡ һаҡлана. Аҡ тәнле мавритандарҙың барыһы ла ҡара тәнле харатиндарҙың, ғәрәп телле мосолман-ҡолдарҙың хужаһы булып тора<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Раса дискриминацияһы һәм ҡоллоҡ бында исламды үҙенсәлекле трактовкалау менән нигеҙләнгән<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Судан"><span id=".D0.A1.D1.83.D0.B4.D0.B0.D0.BD"></span>Судан</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Судан бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&action=edit&section=17" title="Судан бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Судан">Судандың</a> көнбайышындағы Дарфур провинцияһында <a href="/wiki/2003_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="2003 йыл">2003 йылда</a> ғәрәп һәм ислам динен тотоусы негр булмаған халыҡтар араһында милләт-ара низағтар тоҡана. Конфликт барышында хәрбиләштергән судан ғәрәп армияһы төркөмө "Джанджавид"тың ҡара тәнле халыҡҡа ҡаршы хәрәкәтен <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D2%A0%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Америка Ҡушма Штаттары">АҠШ</a> президенты кесе Буш геноцид, ә БМО-ның Генераль секретары <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Кофи Аннан">Кофи Аннан</a> — геноцидтың реаль ҡурҡынысы, тип атайҙар<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Шиғый_илдәре"><span id=".D0.A8.D0.B8.D2.93.D1.8B.D0.B9_.D0.B8.D0.BB.D0.B4.D3.99.D1.80.D0.B5"></span>Шиғый илдәре</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Шиғый илдәре бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&action=edit&section=18" title="Шиғый илдәре бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B8%D2%93%D1%8B%D0%B9%D2%99%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Шиғыйҙар">Шиғыйҙар</a> халҡы күпләп йәшәгән илдәрҙә (<a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Иран">Иран</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D2%A1" title="Ираҡ">Ираҡ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%B8%D3%99" title="Сүриә">Сүриә</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ливан">Ливан</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%99%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="Йемен">Йемен</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Бахрейн">Бахрейн</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D2%AF%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82" title="Күвейт">Кувейт</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D3%98%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Әзербайжан">Әзербайжан</a>) алтынсы шиғый имамы Джафар ас-Садиҡ изге һанала, ул үҙенең эйәрсендәрен ҡара тәнлеләр менән никахҡа инеүҙән киҫәтә<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Расизмды_тәнҡитләү"><span id=".D0.A0.D0.B0.D1.81.D0.B8.D0.B7.D0.BC.D0.B4.D1.8B_.D1.82.D3.99.D0.BD.D2.A1.D0.B8.D1.82.D0.BB.D3.99.D2.AF"></span>Расизмды тәнҡитләү</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Расизмды тәнҡитләү бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&action=edit&section=19" title="Расизмды тәнҡитләү бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Расизм йыш ҡына мәҙәни позициянан тәнҡитләнә, мәҫәлән, Отто Клайнберг негроид расалары аҙсылығының интеллектуаль тест һөҙөмтәләре түбән булыуын уларҙың социаль хәле, көнкүреш һәм хеҙмәт шарттары менән аңлата.<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://bse.sci-lib.com/article095507.html">[1]</a> </p><p>Игорь Кон, расизмды психологик позициянан тәнҡитләй, йәғни расистар үҙ нәфрәтең төрлө аҙсылыҡтарға күсерә, тип аңлата. </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Кешеләр_расаһы_төшөнсәһен_тәнҡитләү"><span id=".D0.9A.D0.B5.D1.88.D0.B5.D0.BB.D3.99.D1.80_.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.81.D0.B0.D2.BB.D1.8B_.D1.82.D3.A9.D1.88.D3.A9.D0.BD.D1.81.D3.99.D2.BB.D0.B5.D0.BD_.D1.82.D3.99.D0.BD.D2.A1.D0.B8.D1.82.D0.BB.D3.99.D2.AF"></span>Кешеләр расаһы төшөнсәһен тәнҡитләү</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Кешеләр расаһы төшөнсәһен тәнҡитләү бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&action=edit&section=20" title="Кешеләр расаһы төшөнсәһен тәнҡитләү бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Идеология"><span id=".D0.98.D0.B4.D0.B5.D0.BE.D0.BB.D0.BE.D0.B3.D0.B8.D1.8F"></span>Идеология</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Идеология бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&action=edit&section=21" title="Идеология бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Раса_дискриминацияһы_һәм_расизмға_ҡаршы_көрәш"><span id=".D0.A0.D0.B0.D1.81.D0.B0_.D0.B4.D0.B8.D1.81.D0.BA.D1.80.D0.B8.D0.BC.D0.B8.D0.BD.D0.B0.D1.86.D0.B8.D1.8F.D2.BB.D1.8B_.D2.BB.D3.99.D0.BC_.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.81.D0.B8.D0.B7.D0.BC.D2.93.D0.B0_.D2.A1.D0.B0.D1.80.D1.88.D1.8B_.D0.BA.D3.A9.D1.80.D3.99.D1.88"></span>Раса дискриминацияһы һәм расизмға ҡаршы көрәш</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Раса дискриминацияһы һәм расизмға ҡаршы көрәш бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&action=edit&section=22" title="Раса дискриминацияһы һәм расизмға ҡаршы көрәш бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%9C%D0%9E-%D0%BD%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%90%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%8F%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="БМО-ның Генераль Ассамблеяһы">БМО Генераль Ассамблеяһының</a> 25-се сессияһы (<a href="/wiki/1970_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1970 йыл">1970 йыл</a>) «барлыҡ кешелектең уларға ҡарата намыҫ һәм ғәҙеллек тойғоһо баш күтәргән раса дискриминацияһын һәм расизмды тулыһынса бөтөрөүгә ҡаты тәүәкәллек күрһәтеп ирешергә кәрәк» тигән резолюция ҡабул итә<sup id="cite_ref-oon_25_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oon_25-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%9D%D0%95%D0%A1%D0%9A%D0%9E" title="ЮНЕСКО">ЮНЕСКО-ның</a> Мәскәү «эксперт-белгестәре» төркөмө <a href="/wiki/1964_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1964 йыл">1964 йылда</a> расизмдың бөтә төрҙәрен дә ғәйепләй<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/1966_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1966 йыл">1966 йылда</a> Генераль ассамблея Раса дискриминацияһын бөтөрөү өсөн халыҡ-ара көрәш көнөн булдыра. </p><p><br /> <a href="/wiki/2001_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="2001 йыл">2001 йылда</a> Генераль Ассамблея раса дискриминацияһын бөтөрөү буйынса комитеттың докладтарын тыңлауҙарҙы үткәрә, унда расизмға һәм раса дискриминацияһына ҡаршы көрәш өсөнсө тиҫтә йыл дауамында ғәмәлдә, тип билдәләй<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Раса дискриминацияның бөтә формаларын бөтөрөү тураһында Халыҡ-ара конвенцияла раса дискриминацияһы билдәләнгән </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ыңғай_дискриминация"><span id=".D0.AB.D2.A3.D2.93.D0.B0.D0.B9_.D0.B4.D0.B8.D1.81.D0.BA.D1.80.D0.B8.D0.BC.D0.B8.D0.BD.D0.B0.D1.86.D0.B8.D1.8F"></span>Ыңғай дискриминация</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Ыңғай дискриминация бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&action=edit&section=23" title="Ыңғай дискриминация бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ыңғай дискриминация (<a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Инглиз теле">ингл.</a> <span lang="en">affirmative action</span>) тип, элек раса, дин, енес буйынса дискриминацияланған аҙсылыҡтарҙың хәлен башҡа расаларҙыҡына тигеҙләү маҡсатында алып барылған дискриминация атала: мәҫәлән, АҠШ тарафынан дәүләт учреждениеларында, шәхси компанияларҙа африка раса вәкилдәре һанын арттырыу буйынса саралар ҡулланыу. ХХ быуаттың икенсе яртыһында алып барылған бындай практика хөкүмәт ҡарашынан расизм күренештәре тип һаналмай. </p><p>«Ыңғай дискриминация» сәйәсәтен тәнҡитләүселәр уны бөтөрөүҙе талап итә, сөнки, уларҙың фекере буйынса, был күренеш, йәнәһе, тулыһынса Расизмдың төрлө формаларын бөтөрөү тураһындағы Халыҡ-ара конвенцияға ярашлы раса дискриминацияһы билдәләмәһе аҫтына инә<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Шулай_уҡ_ҡарағыҙ"><span id=".D0.A8.D1.83.D0.BB.D0.B0.D0.B9_.D1.83.D2.A1_.D2.A1.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B0.D2.93.D1.8B.D2.99"></span>Шулай уҡ ҡарағыҙ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Шулай уҡ ҡарағыҙ бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&action=edit&section=24" title="Шулай уҡ ҡарағыҙ бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Раса теорияһы</li> <li>Аҡтарҙың өҫтөнлөгө</li> <li>Бер тамсы ҡан ҡағиҙәһе</li> <li>Раса дискриминацияһын бөтөрөү өсөн халыҡ-ара көрәш көнө</li> <li>Институциональ расизм</li> <li>Мәҙәни расизм</li> <li>Экологик расизм</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Иҫкәрмә"><span id=".D0.98.D2.AB.D0.BA.D3.99.D1.80.D0.BC.D3.99"></span>Иҫкәрмә</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Иҫкәрмә бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&action=edit&section=25" title="Иҫкәрмә бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small" style="column-count:2;-moz-column-count:2;-webkit-column-count:2;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-_bb149347fa5ac3f3-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-_bb149347fa5ac3f3_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thenextweb.com/vocabulary/racism/">https://thenextweb.com/vocabulary/racism/</a><span class="wef_low_priority_links"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation">Расизм // <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Философский энциклопедический словарь (был бит юҡ)">Философский энциклопедический словарь</a></i>. — <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default" title="Москва">М</span>.: Советская энциклопедия, 1983. — С. 565.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-britannica.com-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-britannica.com_3-0">3,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-britannica.com_3-1">3,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span lang="en"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/488187">racism</a></span> <span class="ref-info" style="cursor:help;" title="на языке инглиз теле">(ингл.)</span>. — статья из <i><a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Энциклопедия Британника">Encyclopædia Britannica</a> Online</i><small>.</small></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Например: «Раси́зм — доктрина, провозглашающая превосходство одной человеческой расы над другой.» — Большой иллюстрированный энциклопедический словарь (авторизованный перевод Philip’s Millenium Encyclopedia), М., Астрель, 2003</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160624162932/http://www.intellectuals.ru/malakhov/izbran/9brasizm.htm"><i>Малахов В. С.</i> Скромное обаяние расизма</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-shnirelm-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-shnirelm_6-0">6,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-shnirelm_6-1">6,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">В. А. Шнирельман. Порог толерантности. т.1. 2011 Часть 1. Глава 1. Что такое расизм с.15-43</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><i>Pierre-André Taguieff</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.persee.fr/doc/lsoc_0181-4095_1985_num_34_1_2039">Le néo-racisme différentialiste. Sur l'ambiguïté d'une évidence commune et ses effets pervers</a> <span class="ref-info" title="француз телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(фр.)</span> // <i>Langage & société</i>. — 1985. — С. 69—98. — <a href="/wiki/ISSN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sigla.ru/table.jsp?f=8&t=3&v0=2101-0382&f=1003&t=1&v1=&f=4&t=2&v2=&f=21&t=3&v3=&f=1016&t=3&v4=&f=1016&t=3&v5=&bf=4&b=&d=0&ys=&ye=&lng=&ft=&mt=&dt=&vol=&pt=&iss=&ps=&pe=&tr=&tro=&cc=UNION&i=1&v=tagged&s=0&ss=0&st=0&i18n=ru&rlf=&psz=20&bs=20&ce=hJfuypee8JzzufeGmImYYIpZKRJeeOeeWGJIZRrRRrdmtdeee88NJJJJpeeefTJ3peKJJ3UWWPtzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzbzzvzzpy5zzjzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzztzzzzzzzbzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzvzzzzzzyeyTjkDnyHzTuueKZePz9decyzzLzzzL*.c8.NzrGJJvufeeeeeJheeyzjeeeeJh*peeeeKJJJJJJJJJJmjHvOJJJJJJJJJfeeeieeeeSJJJJJSJJJ3TeIJJJJ3..E.UEAcyhxD.eeeeeuzzzLJJJJ5.e8JJJheeeeeeeeeeeeyeeK3JJJJJJJJ*s7defeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeSJJJJJJJJZIJJzzz1..6LJJJJJJtJJZ4....EK*&debug=false">2101-0382</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><i>Pierre-André Taguieff</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.persee.fr/doc/mots_0243-6450_1988_num_17_1_1416">La force du préjugé. Essai sur le racisme et ses doubles</a> <span class="ref-info" title="француз телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(фр.)</span> // <i>Mots. Les langages du politique</i>. — 1988. — № 17. — С. 246—248. — <a href="/wiki/ISSN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sigla.ru/table.jsp?f=8&t=3&v0=1960-6001&f=1003&t=1&v1=&f=4&t=2&v2=&f=21&t=3&v3=&f=1016&t=3&v4=&f=1016&t=3&v5=&bf=4&b=&d=0&ys=&ye=&lng=&ft=&mt=&dt=&vol=&pt=&iss=&ps=&pe=&tr=&tro=&cc=UNION&i=1&v=tagged&s=0&ss=0&st=0&i18n=ru&rlf=&psz=20&bs=20&ce=hJfuypee8JzzufeGmImYYIpZKRJeeOeeWGJIZRrRRrdmtdeee88NJJJJpeeefTJ3peKJJ3UWWPtzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzbzzvzzpy5zzjzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzztzzzzzzzbzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzvzzzzzzyeyTjkDnyHzTuueKZePz9decyzzLzzzL*.c8.NzrGJJvufeeeeeJheeyzjeeeeJh*peeeeKJJJJJJJJJJmjHvOJJJJJJJJJfeeeieeeeSJJJJJSJJJ3TeIJJJJ3..E.UEAcyhxD.eeeeeuzzzLJJJJ5.e8JJJheeeeeeeeeeeeyeeK3JJJJJJJJ*s7defeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeSJJJJJJJJZIJJzzz1..6LJJJJJJtJJZ4....EK*&debug=false">1960-6001</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><b class="error">Ошибка: не задан параметр <code>|<span style="white-space:nowrap;">заглавие</span>=</code> в шаблоне <span style="color:#708090" class="wp-templatelink">{{<a href="/wiki/%D2%A0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BF:%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Ҡалып:Публикация">публикация</a>}}</span></b>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mal-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-mal_10-0">10,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-mal_10-1">10,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-mal_10-2">10,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-mal_10-3">10,3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-mal_10-4">10,4</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-mal_10-5">10,5</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span lang="und"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.intellectuals.ru/malakhov/izbran/9brasizm.htm">Малахов В. С. Скромное обаяние расизма</a></span><span class="hidden-ref" style="display:none;">  <span class="ref-info" title="телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(билдәһеҙ)</span></span>. <small>Дата обращения: 18 ғинуар 2011.</small> <small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090802091440/http://www.intellectuals.ru/malakhov/izbran/9brasizm.htm">Архивировано</a> 2 август 2009 года.</small></span> <small><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> 2009 йыл 2 август <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090802091440/http://www.intellectuals.ru/malakhov/izbran/9brasizm.htm">архивланған</a>.</span></small></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Shider L.</i> Encyclopedia of the Third Reich. NY., 1976</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.civil-war.net/pages/1860_census.html">1860 Census Results</a> <small><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> 2004 йыл 4 июнь <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040604075834/http://www.civil-war.net/pages/1860_census.html">архивланған</a>.</span></small></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">James Oliver Horton; Lois E. Horton (2005). Slavery and the Making of America. New York: Oxford University Press, p. 7. <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/019517903X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-19-517903-X</a>. «The slave trade and the products created by slaves' labor, particularly cotton, provided the basis for America’s wealth as a nation. Such wealth provided capital for the country’s industrial revolution and enabled the United States to project its power into the rest of the world».</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-романтик-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-романтик_14-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://expert.ru/northwest/2003/22/22no-scultur_51381/">Эксперт Online: Последний романтик</a> <small><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> 2021 йыл 16 май <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210516120919/https://expert.ru/northwest/2003/22/22no-scultur_51381/">архивланған</a>.</span></small></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DRidley-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-DRidley_15-0">15,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-DRidley_15-1">15,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Джаспер Ридли.</i> Муссолини. М.АСТ,1999</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://assemblealegislativa.regione.emilia-romagna.it/wcm/studenticittadini/artem/tutte/arg/index/pagine/storia/p2_Esperienze/viaggio/p2_percorso_2/n4/p0_intro/99/Approfondimenti/p2.htm">Законодательное собрание провинции Эмилия-Романья.</a> <span style="font-size:85%; margin-left:0.2em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d)">(недоступная ссылка с 21-05-2013 (4203  дней) — <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/*/http://assemblealegislativa.regione.emilia-romagna.it/wcm/studenticittadini/artem/tutte/arg/index/pagine/storia/p2_Esperienze/viaggio/p2_percorso_2/n4/p0_intro/99/Approfondimenti/p2.htm"><i>история</i></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20100124/http://assemblealegislativa.regione.emilia-romagna.it/wcm/studenticittadini/artem/tutte/arg/index/pagine/storia/p2_Esperienze/viaggio/p2_percorso_2/n4/p0_intro/99/Approfondimenti/p2.htm"><i>копия</i></a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">.<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.machanaim.org/history/europe-j/Italia.htm">Манахаим</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Roger Kvist, «The Racist Legacy in Modern Swedish Sami Policy», Canadian Journal of Native Studies, Vol. 14, No. 2, 1994</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">«<a href="/w/index.php?title=Deutsches_%C3%84rzteblatt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deutsches Ärzteblatt (был бит юҡ)">Deutsches Ärzteblatt</a>», «Zwangssterilisationen in Skandinavien: Weitverbreitete Ideologie der Eugenik». <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aerzteblatt.de/archiv/7893/Zwangssterilisationen-in-Skandinavien-Weitverbreitete-Ideologie-der-Eugenik">Ссылка</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">«<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Independent&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Independent (был бит юҡ)">The Independent</a>», «Sweden admits to racial purification». <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/sweden-admits-to-racial-purification-1247261.html">Ссылка</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">«<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Washington_Post&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Washington Post (был бит юҡ)">The Washington Post</a>», «Sweden sterilized thousands of „useless“ citizens for decades». <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1997/08/29/sweden-sterilized-thousands-of-useless-citizens-for-decades/3b9abaac-c2a6-4be9-9b77-a147f5dc841b/">Ссылка</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82,_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ярлерт, Андерс (был бит юҡ)">Jarlert, Anders</a><sup><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anders_Jarlert" class="extiw" title="sv:Anders Jarlert"><span style="font-style:normal; font-weight:normal;" title="Anders Jarlert — шведском языке мәҡәлә версияһы">[sv]</span></a></sup>. Judisk «ras» som äktenskapshinder i Sverige. Malmö: Sekel Bokförlag, 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span lang="und"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://demographia.net/rasovye-predpochteniya-v-onlayn-znakomstvah">Расовые предпочтения в онлайн-знакомствах</a></span><span class="hidden-ref" style="display:none;">  <span class="ref-info" title="телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(билдәһеҙ)</span></span>. <small>Дата обращения: 20 март 2015.</small> <small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402104252/http://demographia.net/rasovye-predpochteniya-v-onlayn-znakomstvah">Архивировано</a> 2 апрель 2015 года.</small></span> <small><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> 2015 йыл 2 апрель <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402104252/http://demographia.net/rasovye-predpochteniya-v-onlayn-znakomstvah">архивланған</a>.</span></small></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Давидсон А. Б.</i> Антирасистский расизм? — Новая и новейшая история, 2002, № 2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span lang="und"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newsru.com/world/09feb2010/zimbabwe.html">Бизнес в Зимбабве будет доступен только чернокожим</a></span><span class="hidden-ref" style="display:none;">  <span class="ref-info" title="телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(билдәһеҙ)</span></span>. newsru.com. <small>Дата обращения: 28 октябрь 2011.</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lechaim.ru/ARHIV/185/goldin.htm">Семён Гольдин Русская армия и евреи накануне Первой мировой войны.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><i>Дудаков С.</i> <span data-wikidata-qualifier-id="P248">Романовы и евреи</span> // Парадоксы и причуды филосемитизма и антисемитизма в России. — <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default" title="Москва">М</span>.: Российский государственный гуманитарный университет, 2000. — 640 с. — <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/572810441X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 5-7281-0441-X</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span lang="und"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unic.or.jp/new/pr05-057-E.htm">Press Conference by Mr Doudou Diène, Special Rapporteur of the Commission on Human Rights</a></span><span class="hidden-ref" style="display:none;">  <span class="ref-info" title="телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(билдәһеҙ)</span></span>. <small>Дата обращения: 5 ғинуар 2007.</small> <small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/65NUfljRZ?url=http://www.unic.or.jp/new/pr05-057-E.htm">Архивировано</a> 11 февраль 2012 года.</small></span> <small><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> 2007 йыл 29 март <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070329065052/http://www.unic.or.jp/new/pr05-057-E.htm">архивланған</a>.</span></small></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-BBC_29-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4671687.stm">«Japan racism 'deep and profound».</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=BBC_News&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BBC News (был бит юҡ)">BBC News</a> (2005-07-11). Retrieved on 2007-01-05.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span lang="und"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imadr.org/en/pdf/NGOJointStatement.pdf">'Overcoming "Marginalization" and "Invisibility"', International Movement against all forms of Discrimination and Racism</a></span><span class="hidden-ref" style="display:none;">  <span class="ref-info" title="телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(билдәһеҙ)</span></span>. <small>Дата обращения: 5 ғинуар 2007.</small> <small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/65NUgYECd?url=http://www.imadr.org/en/pdf/NGOJointStatement.pdf">Архивировано</a> 11 февраль 2012 года.</small></span> <small><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> 2011 йыл 26 ноябрь <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111126192231/http://www.imadr.org/en/pdf/NGOJointStatement.pdf">архивланған</a>.</span></small></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2013/06/black-iraqis-face-discrimination-racism.html">«Black Iraqis Struggle to Shake Legacy of Racism».</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://countervortex.org/node/1022">Интервью двоих членов организации «Африканская освободительная сила»</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afrol.com/articles/17518">«Slavery still casts shadow over Mauritania»</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iimes.ru/?p=3003">Рабство в Мавритании: вчера и сегодня.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vz.ru/information/2009/3/5/262498.html">«Взгляд»: «История конфликта в Дарфуре».</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamicvirtues.com/2014/01/26/shiite-racism/">«Шиитский расизм».</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-oon_25-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-oon_25_37-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.un.org/russian/ga/25/docs/res25_1.htm">Двадцать пятая сессия</a> <small><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> 2007 йыл 18 август <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070818232342/http://www.un.org/russian/ga/25/docs/res25_1.htm">архивланған</a>.</span></small> на сайте ООН.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Большая Советская энциклопедия (был бит юҡ)">Большая Советская энциклопедия</a>, статья «Расизм» <span style="font-size:85%; margin-left:0.2em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d)">(недоступная ссылка)</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%A0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BF:%D0%9C%D1%91%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ҡалып:Мёртвая ссылка (был бит юҡ)">Ҡалып:Мёртвая ссылка</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Доклад комитета по расовой дискриминации, 58-я,59-я сессия <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%9E%D0%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="ООН">ООН</a>, <a href="/wiki/2001" class="mw-redirect" title="2001">2001</a> <span style="font-size:85%; margin-left:0.2em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d)">(недоступная ссылка с 21-05-2013 (4203  дней) — <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.universalhumanrightsindex.org/documents/824/232/document/ru/doc/text.doc"><i>история</i></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20070603/http://www.universalhumanrightsindex.org/documents/824/232/document/ru/doc/text.doc"><i>копия</i></a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <span class="ref-info" title="Инглиз телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(инг.)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/affirmative-action/">«Стэнфордская энциклопедия философии».</a></span> </li> </ol> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Әҙәбиәт"><span id=".D3.98.D2.99.D3.99.D0.B1.D0.B8.D3.99.D1.82"></span>Әҙәбиәт</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Әҙәбиәт бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&action=edit&section=26" title="Әҙәбиәт бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030722113452/http://historia-site.narod.ru/library/ethnology/tokarev_6.htm">Биологические течения в этнографии. Расизм</a> // С. А. Токарев. История зарубежной этнографии.</li> <li><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.antirasizm.ru/lv/publ_097.doc">Критика расизма в современной России и научный взгляд на проблему этнокультурного многообразия</a>. — <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default" title="Москва">М</span>.: Московское бюро по правам человека, «Academia», 2008. — С. 124. — <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/5875320226" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 5-87532-022-6</a>.</span> Архивная копия от 19 октября 2011 на Wayback Machine</li> <li><i>Майлз Р., Браун М.</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://commons.com.ua/?p=14436">Расизм и классовые отношения</a> // Расизм. — М.: Российская политическая энциклопедия (РОССПЭН), 2004. — С. 145—176.</li> <li><i>Новиков О. Г.</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070515231605/http://warrax.net/87/blackrasism.html">Формирование идеологии африкано-американского движения «Власть чёрным» в 50—60-е годы XX в.</a> К вопросу о появлении «чёрного» расизма.</li> <li><i>Шнирельман В. А.</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120128080209/http://www.tolerance.ru/biblio/statii/rasizm.html">Новый расизм в России</a> <span style="font-size:85%; margin-left:0.2em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d)">(недоступная ссылка)</span></li> <li><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343" id="CITEREFШнирельман2015"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD,_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Шнирельман, Виктор Александрович (был бит юҡ)">Шнирельман В. А.</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.ru/books?id=Aa8qCwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=ru&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false">Арийский миф в современном мире</a>. — <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default" title="Москва">М</span>.: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_(%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Новое литературное обозрение (издательство) (был бит юҡ)">Новое литературное обозрение</a>, 2015. — (Библиотека журнала «<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81_(%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Неприкосновенный запас (журнал) (был бит юҡ)">Неприкосновенный запас»</a>).</span></li></ul> <dl><dt>Аффилирланған</dt></dl> <ul><li><span class="citation"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ален де Бенуа (был бит юҡ)">Ален де Бенуа</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.velesova-sloboda.org/antrop/benois-racism.html">Что такое расизм?</a> // <i>Атеней</i>. — № 5. — С. 21—26.</span></li> <li><i>Гобино Ж. 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