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href="#Légende"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Légende</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Légende-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interprétation_métrologique" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interprétation_métrologique"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Interprétation métrologique</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interprétation_métrologique-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_et_références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_et_références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Notes et références</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_et_références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Articles_connexes" class="vector-toc-list-item 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cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Œil oudjat</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 48 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-48" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">48 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oog_van_Horus" title="Oog van Horus – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Oog van Horus" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3" title="عين حورس – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عين حورس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3" title="عين حورس – arabe égyptien" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="عين حورس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabe égyptien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCeyu_d%27Horus" title="Güeyu d'Horus – asturien" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Güeyu d'Horus" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horun_g%C3%B6z%C3%BC" title="Horun gözü – azerbaïdjanais" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Horun gözü" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaïdjanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%96" title="হোরাসের চোখ – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হোরাসের চোখ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ull_d%27Horus" title="Ull d'Horus – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ull d'Horus" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ved%C5%BEat" title="Vedžat – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Vedžat" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horus%27_%C3%B8je" title="Horus' øje – danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Horus' øje" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horusauge" title="Horusauge – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Horusauge" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87%C4%B1m%C3%AA_Horusi" title="Çımê Horusi – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Çımê Horusi" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%B9_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%8F%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Μάτι του Ώρου – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μάτι του Ώρου" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bon article"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye_of_Horus" title="Eye of Horus – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Eye of Horus" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/U%C4%9Dato" title="Uĝato – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Uĝato" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ojo_de_Horus" title="Ojo de Horus – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ojo de Horus" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%B4%D9%85_%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3" title="چشم حورس – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="چشم حورس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horuksen_silm%C3%A4" title="Horuksen silmä – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Horuksen silmä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%A8%D7%A2" title="העין של רע – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="העין של רע" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horusovo_oko" title="Horusovo oko – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Horusovo oko" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%88%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%BB%D5%A5%D5%BF" title="Ուաջետ – arménien" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ուաջետ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mata_Horus" title="Mata Horus – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mata Horus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occhio_di_Horo" title="Occhio di Horo – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Occhio di Horo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9B%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B9%E3%81%AE%E7%9B%AE" title="ホルスの目 – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ホルスの目" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%98%B8%EB%A3%A8%EC%8A%A4%EC%9D%98_%EB%88%88" title="호루스의 눈 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="호루스의 눈" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horo_akis" title="Horo akis – lituanien" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Horo akis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hora_acs" title="Hora acs – letton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Hora acs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Хорово око – macédonien" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Хорово око" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macédonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%86_%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="ഹോറസ്സിന്റെ നേത്രം – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഹോറസ്സിന്റെ നേത്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oog_van_Horus" title="Oog van Horus – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Oog van Horus" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horus%E2%80%99_%C3%B8ye" title="Horus’ øye – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Horus’ øye" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oko_Horusa" title="Oko Horusa – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Oko Horusa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olho_de_H%C3%B3rus" title="Olho de Hórus – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Olho de Hórus" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ochiul_lui_Horus" title="Ochiul lui Horus – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ochiul lui Horus" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Уаджет – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Уаджет" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horusovo_oko" title="Horusovo oko – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Horusovo oko" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%87%E0%B7%83" title="හොරස්ගේ ඇස – cingalais" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="හොරස්ගේ ඇස" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="cingalais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye_of_Horus" title="Eye of Horus – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Eye of Horus" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horovo_oko" title="Horovo oko – slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Horovo oko" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horovo_oko" title="Horovo oko – slovène" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Horovo oko" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syri_i_Horusit" title="Syri i Horusit – albanais" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Syri i Horusit" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%9F%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Уџат око – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Уџат око" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horus%C3%B6gat" title="Horusögat – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Horusögat" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%93%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D" title="ஓரசு கடவுளின் கண் – tamoul" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஓரசு கடவுளின் கண்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamoul" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horus%27un_g%C3%B6z%C3%BC" title="Horus'un gözü – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Horus'un gözü" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Око Гора – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Око Гора" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3" title="عین حورس – ourdou" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="عین حورس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ourdou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%E1%BA%AFt_c%E1%BB%A7a_Horus" title="Mắt của Horus – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Mắt của Horus" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" 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class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Confusion_colour.svg/30px-Confusion_colour.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Confusion_colour.svg/40px-Confusion_colour.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Ne doit pas être confondu avec <a href="/wiki/%C5%92il_de_R%C3%AA" title="Œil de Rê">Œil de Rê</a> ou <a href="/wiki/%C5%92il_oudjat_(hi%C3%A9roglyphe_%C3%A9gyptien_D10)" title="Œil oudjat (hiéroglyphe égyptien D10)">Œil oudjat (hiéroglyphe égyptien D10)</a>. </p> </div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Eye_of_Horus_bw.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Eye_of_Horus_bw.svg/220px-Eye_of_Horus_bw.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Eye_of_Horus_bw.svg/330px-Eye_of_Horus_bw.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Eye_of_Horus_bw.svg/440px-Eye_of_Horus_bw.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Eye_Horus_Louvre_Sb3566.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Eye_Horus_Louvre_Sb3566.jpg/220px-Eye_Horus_Louvre_Sb3566.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Eye_Horus_Louvre_Sb3566.jpg/330px-Eye_Horus_Louvre_Sb3566.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Eye_Horus_Louvre_Sb3566.jpg/440px-Eye_Horus_Louvre_Sb3566.jpg 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="822" /></a><figcaption>Amulette représentant un oudjat. </figcaption></figure> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="margin:0px; border:0px;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:right;padding:2px;"><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_D10.png?8da3f" height="30" title="D10" alt="D10" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td style="text-align:center;padding:2px;">Dans l'imagerie de l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%89gypte_antique" title="Égypte antique">Égypte antique</a>, l'<b>Œil oudjat</b> est un symbole protecteur représentant l'Œil du dieu faucon <a href="/wiki/Horus" title="Horus">Horus</a>. </td> <td style="text-align:left;padding:2px;"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origine">Origine</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%92il_oudjat&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Origine" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%92il_oudjat&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Origine"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En <a href="/wiki/Translitt%C3%A9ration_des_hi%C3%A9roglyphes" title="Translittération des hiéroglyphes">translittération</a> de l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%89criture_hi%C3%A9roglyphique_%C3%A9gyptienne" title="Écriture hiéroglyphique égyptienne">écriture hiéroglyphique</a>, <i>irt</i> signifie « œil » et <i>wḏȝ</i> désigne soit le verbe signifiant « se préserver<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> » soit le nom « protection<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> ». <i>Irt oudjat</i>, ou plus communément <i>oudjat</i>, en <a href="/wiki/Transcription_des_hi%C3%A9roglyphes" title="Transcription des hiéroglyphes">transcription</a> signifient donc « œil préservé », l'Œil d'Horus en l'occurrence. </p><p>Les égyptologues considèrent généralement que la figuration de l'Œil oudjat est un hybride d'<a href="/wiki/%C5%92il_humain" title="Œil humain">œil humain</a> et d'œil de <a href="/wiki/Faucon" class="mw-redirect" title="Faucon">faucon</a> : elle combine des parties de l'œil humain, <a href="/wiki/Conjonctive" title="Conjonctive">conjonctive</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pupille" title="Pupille">pupille</a> et <a href="/wiki/Sourcil" title="Sourcil">sourcil</a>, avec vraisemblablement les taches en dessous de l'œil du faucon. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Légende"><span id="L.C3.A9gende"></span>Légende</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%92il_oudjat&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Légende" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%92il_oudjat&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Légende"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>D'après le mythe, <a href="/wiki/Horus" title="Horus">Horus</a>, fils d'<a href="/wiki/Isis" title="Isis">Isis</a> et d'<a href="/wiki/Osiris" title="Osiris">Osiris</a>, aurait perdu un œil dans le combat mené contre son oncle <a href="/wiki/Seth" title="Seth">Seth</a> pour venger l'assassinat de son père. Au cours du combat, Seth lui arracha l'œil gauche, le découpa (en six morceaux, d'après une version de la légende) et jeta les morceaux dans le <a href="/wiki/Nil" title="Nil">Nil</a>. À l'aide d'un filet, <a href="/wiki/Thot" title="Thot">Thot</a> repêcha tous les morceaux sauf un. Thot le rajoute et rend donc à Horus son intégrité vitale. En 1927, alors que l'Œil oudjat était encore associé par certains à des fractions (spéculation maintenant démentie), l'égyptologue <a href="/wiki/Alan_Henderson_Gardiner" title="Alan Henderson Gardiner">Alan Henderson Gardiner</a> avait proposé que la somme de ces fractions ne faisant que 63/64, le 1/64 manquant était le lien magique ajouté par Thot pour que l'œil fonctionne<sup id="cite_ref-Gardiner_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gardiner-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>L'Œil oudjat avait une fonction magique liée à la <a href="/wiki/Prophylaxie" title="Prophylaxie">prophylaxie</a>, à la restauration de la complétude et à la vision de « l'invisible ». Il fut représenté sur les <a href="/wiki/Sarcophage" title="Sarcophage">sarcophages</a> et sur les <a href="/wiki/Pectoral_(bijou)" title="Pectoral (bijou)">pectoraux</a>. Les innombrables <a href="/wiki/Amulette" title="Amulette">amulettes</a> en forme d'oudjat étaient portées pour <a href="/wiki/Apotropa%C3%AFque" title="Apotropaïque">se protéger</a> du "<a href="/wiki/Mauvais_sort" class="mw-redirect" title="Mauvais sort">mauvais sort</a>". Lors de la <a href="/wiki/Momification_en_%C3%89gypte_antique" title="Momification en Égypte antique">momification</a>, les embaumeurs le plaçaient sur les incisions qu'ils avaient pratiquées. L'Œil oudjat était aussi peint sur les proues des bateaux, leur permettant de « voir » et de tenir leur cap. Cette tradition est encore pratiquée autour de la Méditerranée. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Eye_of_Osiris_on_Fishing_Boat_at_Wied_I%C5%BC-%C5%BBurrieq.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Eye_of_Osiris_on_Fishing_Boat_at_Wied_I%C5%BC-%C5%BBurrieq.jpg/220px-Eye_of_Osiris_on_Fishing_Boat_at_Wied_I%C5%BC-%C5%BBurrieq.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Eye_of_Osiris_on_Fishing_Boat_at_Wied_I%C5%BC-%C5%BBurrieq.jpg/330px-Eye_of_Osiris_on_Fishing_Boat_at_Wied_I%C5%BC-%C5%BBurrieq.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Eye_of_Osiris_on_Fishing_Boat_at_Wied_I%C5%BC-%C5%BBurrieq.jpg/440px-Eye_of_Osiris_on_Fishing_Boat_at_Wied_I%C5%BC-%C5%BBurrieq.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4896" data-file-height="2752" /></a><figcaption>L'« Œil d'Osiris » Maltais.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interprétation_métrologique"><span id="Interpr.C3.A9tation_m.C3.A9trologique"></span>Interprétation métrologique</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%92il_oudjat&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : Interprétation métrologique" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%92il_oudjat&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Interprétation métrologique"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En 1911, à partir de documents du <a href="/wiki/Nouvel_Empire" title="Nouvel Empire">Nouvel Empire</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%89gyptologue" title="Égyptologue">égyptologue</a> Georg Möller émit l'hypothèse qu'on pouvait identifier certains signes hiéroglyphiques utilisés pour mesurer des capacités de grain<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> à des parties du signe représentant l'oudjat. Il en déduisait que l'oudjat (signe religieux) était à l'origine de ce système particulier de mesure<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Plus précisément, dans cette conjecture, les parties constituantes de l'oudjat serviraient à écrire les fractions ayant 64 comme dénominateur commun<sup id="cite_ref-Allen_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allen-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> et servant à mesurer les capacités de grain : </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Eye_of_Horus_(fractions).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Eye_of_Horus_%28fractions%29.svg/220px-Eye_of_Horus_%28fractions%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Eye_of_Horus_%28fractions%29.svg/330px-Eye_of_Horus_%28fractions%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Eye_of_Horus_%28fractions%29.svg/440px-Eye_of_Horus_%28fractions%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1279" data-file-height="723" /></a><figcaption>L'oudjat (vue de droite à gauche).</figcaption></figure> <table> <tbody><tr> <th>Code </th> <th>Hiéroglyphe</th> <th>Signification</th> <th>Valeur </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Partie_int%C3%A9rieure_de_conjonctive_(hi%C3%A9roglyphe_%C3%A9gyptien_D11)" title="Partie intérieure de conjonctive (hiéroglyphe égyptien D11)">D11</a> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_D11.png?41962" height="18" title="D11" alt="D11" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td> <td>partie de la conjonctive</td> <td>1/2 (soit 32/64) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pupille_(hi%C3%A9roglyphe_%C3%A9gyptien_D12)" title="Pupille (hiéroglyphe égyptien D12)">D12</a> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_D12.png?15c62" height="14" title="D12" alt="D12" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td> <td>pupille</td> <td>1/4 (soit 16/64) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sourcil_(hi%C3%A9roglyphe_%C3%A9gyptien_D13)" title="Sourcil (hiéroglyphe égyptien D13)">D13</a> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_D13.png?4c876" height="6" title="D13" alt="D13" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td> <td>sourcil</td> <td>1/8 (soit 8/64) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Partie_ext%C3%A9rieure_de_conjonctive_(hi%C3%A9roglyphe_%C3%A9gyptien_D14)" title="Partie extérieure de conjonctive (hiéroglyphe égyptien D14)">D14</a> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_D14.png?bb358" height="16" title="D14" alt="D14" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td> <td>partie de la conjonctive</td> <td>1/16 (soit 4/64) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tache_de_faucon_ext%C3%A9rieur_de_l%27%C5%93il_oudjat_(hi%C3%A9roglyphe_%C3%A9gyptien_D15)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tache de faucon extérieur de l'œil oudjat (hiéroglyphe égyptien D15)">D15</a> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_D15.png?bee86" height="14" title="D15" alt="D15" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td> <td>larme (?)</td> <td>1/32 (soit 2/64) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tache_de_faucon_inf%C3%A9rieur_de_l%27%C5%93il_oudjat_(hi%C3%A9roglyphe_%C3%A9gyptien_D16)" title="Tache de faucon inférieur de l'œil oudjat (hiéroglyphe égyptien D16)">D16</a> </td> <td><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_D16.png?26d11" height="25" title="D16" alt="D16" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td> <td>tache du faucon (?)</td> <td>1/64 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>L'addition des six fractions, 32/64 + 16/64 + 8/64 + 4/64 + 2/64 + 1/64, donne 63/64, la fraction manquante étant complétée par Thot. </p><p>Cette notation était employée pour indiquer les fractions du <a href="/wiki/Boisseau" title="Boisseau">boisseau</a>, le <i><a href="/wiki/Heqat" title="Heqat">heqat</a></i>, mesure de capacité des céréales, valant environ <span title="0,004 785 m³ ou 161,799 99 fl.oz." style="cursor:help">4,785</span> litres. </p><p>Exemple : </p> <dl><dd><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_M34.png?2a5f6" height="38" title="M34" alt="M34" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_M33.png?169c6" height="9" title="M33" alt="M33" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_S38.png?35ff7" height="38" title="S38" alt="S38" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_N29.png?b816c" height="17" title="N29" alt="N29" /><br /><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_X1.png?f2a8c" height="11" title="X1 [t]" alt="t" /></td> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_U9.png?3730c" height="22" title="U9" alt="U9" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_D11.png?41962" height="18" title="D11" alt="D11" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_D12.png?15c62" height="14" title="D12" alt="D12" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_D15.png?bee86" height="14" title="D15" alt="D15" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></dd> <dd>Orge <i>heqat</i> : 1/2 + 1/4 + 1/32 (<i>i. e.</i> 25/32 boisseaux d'orge).</dd></dl> <p>En 1927, cette identification et la thèse associée furent reprises à deux endroits importants : </p> <ul><li>dans une des deux éditions du <a href="/wiki/Papyrus_Rhind" title="Papyrus Rhind">papyrus Rhind</a>, celle due à Arnold Chace, Henry Manning et Raymond Archibald et destinée aux enseignants de mathématiques<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> ;</li> <li>avec quelques modifications, dans l'<i>Egyptian Grammar</i> d'<a href="/wiki/Alan_Henderson_Gardiner" title="Alan Henderson Gardiner">Alan Gardiner</a><sup id="cite_ref-Gardiner_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gardiner-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, ouvrage très important pour la langue égyptienne.</li></ul> <p>L'identification de l'Œil oudjat avec des fractions continua donc à être répétée pendant plusieurs décennies, à partir de ces deux sources, l'une reprise par les mathématiciens et historiens des mathématiques non spécialistes de l'Égypte antique, l'autre par les égyptologues reproduisant les indications de la grammaire de Gardiner<sup id="cite_ref-Allen_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allen-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Dès cette période, pourtant, les rares spécialistes des mathématiques de l'Antiquité critiquèrent cette thèse, en particulier <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Eric_Peet" title="Thomas Eric Peet">Thomas Eric Peet</a>, éditeur de la première édition du <a href="/wiki/Papyrus_Rhind" title="Papyrus Rhind">papyrus Rhind</a> (qui fait autorité), ou <a href="/wiki/Otto_Eduard_Neugebauer" title="Otto Eduard Neugebauer">Otto Neugebauer</a>. La découverte de nouvelles sources, dans les années 1960 et 1970, et le renouveau des études sur les mathématiques égyptiennes dans les années 1980, ont permis à Jim Ritter en 2003 d'invalider la thèse<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>8<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Plus précisément, on a maintenant accès à l'évolution des signes utilisés pour désigner les capacités de grain sur une longue période, et on peut donc montrer qu'ils ne proviennent pas des sous-parties de l'oudjat, et n'y sont pas associés en général. </p><p>Que certains Égyptiens aient ou non imaginé d'identifier des signes numériques à des morceaux de l'oudjat, dans un contexte religieux, par exemple, reste en débat ; le texte connu suggérant cette possibilité<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>9<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> est très tardif, postérieur à l'ère chrétienne, une période de grande floraison de textes de spéculations mystico-religieux. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%92il_oudjat&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%92il_oudjat&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Papyrus de Kahun, 29, 41-42 : Griffith, <i>The Petrie Papyri, Hieratic Papyrus from Kahun and Gurob</i>, Londres, 1897-1898.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Coffin Texts <abbr class="abbr" title="4"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">IV</span></abbr>, 246/247a-250/251b, B9C<sup>b</sup>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gardiner-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Gardiner_3-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-Gardiner_3-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Henderson_Gardiner1927"><span class="ouvrage" id="Alan_Henderson_Gardiner1927"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Henderson_Gardiner" title="Alan Henderson Gardiner">Alan Henderson Gardiner</a>, <cite class="italique">Egyptian Grammar</cite>, <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, <time>1927</time><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Egyptian+Grammar&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.au=Alan+Henderson+Gardiner&rft.date=1927&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A%C5%92il+oudjat"></span></span></span>, <span class="nowrap"><abbr class="abbr" title="paragraphe(s)">§</abbr> 266.1</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">L'unité de base pour mesurer le grain ou les produits de consistance analogue est une mesure de capacité nommée <i>ẖȝr</i> (khar), « sac », valant quatre quadruples-heqat.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Möller1911"><span class="ouvrage" id="Georg_Möller1911">Georg Möller, « <cite style="font-style:normal">Die Zeichen für die Bruchteile des Hohlmasses und das Uzatauge</cite> », <i>Zeitschrift für Ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 48,‎ <time>1911</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">99-101</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Die+Zeichen+f%C3%BCr+die+Bruchteile+des+Hohlmasses+und+das+Uzatauge&rft.jtitle=Zeitschrift+f%C3%BCr+%C3%84gyptische+Sprache+und+Altertumskunde&rft.aulast=M%C3%B6ller&rft.aufirst=Georg&rft.date=1911&rft.volume=48&rft.pages=99-101&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A%C5%92il+oudjat"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Allen-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Allen_6-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-Allen_6-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text">Voir par exemple, <span class="ouvrage" id="Allen2004"><span class="ouvrage" id="James_P._Allen2004"><a href="/wiki/James_Peter_Allen" title="James Peter Allen">James P. Allen</a>, <cite class="italique">Middle Egyptian</cite>, <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>, <time>2004</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 102<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Middle+Egyptian&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=James+P.&rft.date=2004&rft.pages=102&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A%C5%92il+oudjat"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="ChaceManningArchibald1927"><span class="ouvrage" id="Arnold_ChaceHenry_ManningRaymond_Archibald1927">Arnold Chace, Henry Manning et Raymond Archibald, <cite class="italique">The Rhind Mathematical Papyrus<i>, vol. 1 : </i>Free translation and commentary</cite>, Oberlin, MAA, <time>1927</time><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rhind+Mathematical+Papyrus%27%27%2C+vol.+1+%3A+%27%27Free+translation+and+commentary&rft.place=Oberlin&rft.pub=MAA&rft.aulast=Chace&rft.aufirst=Arnold&rft.au=Henry+Manning&rft.au=Raymond+Archibald&rft.date=1927&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A%C5%92il+oudjat"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Ritter2002"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jim_Ritter2002">Jim Ritter, <cite style="font-style:normal">« Closing the Eye of Horus: the Rise and Fall of 'Horus-Eye Fractions' »</cite>, dans John Steele and <a href="/wiki/Annette_Imhausen" class="mw-redirect" title="Annette Imhausen">Annette Imhausen</a>, <cite class="italique">Under One Sky: Astronomy and Mathematics in the ancient Near East</cite>, Münster, Ugarit-Verlag, <time>2002</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">297-323</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Under+One+Sky%3A+Astronomy+and+Mathematics+in+the+ancient+Near+East&rft.atitle=Closing+the+Eye+of+Horus%3A+the+Rise+and+Fall+of+%27Horus-Eye+Fractions%27&rft.place=M%C3%BCnster&rft.pub=Ugarit-Verlag&rft.aulast=Ritter&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft.date=2002&rft.pages=297-323&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A%C5%92il+oudjat"></span></span></span>. Voir aussi <span class="ouvrage" id="Katz2007"><span class="ouvrage" id="Victor_Katz2007">Victor Katz (<abbr class="abbr" title="directeur de publication">dir.</abbr>), <cite class="italique">The Mathematics of Egypt, Mesopotamia, China, India, and Islam : A Sourcebook</cite>, Princeton, <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University_Press" title="Princeton University Press">Princeton University Press</a>, <time>2007</time><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mathematics+of+Egypt%2C+Mesopotamia%2C+China%2C+India%2C+and+Islam&rft.place=Princeton&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.stitle=A+Sourcebook&rft.aulast=Katz&rft.aufirst=Victor&rft.date=2007&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A%C5%92il+oudjat"></span></span></span> et <span class="ouvrage" id="RobsonStedall2009"><span class="ouvrage" id="Eleanor_RobsonJackie_Stedall2009"><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Robson" title="Eleanor Robson">Eleanor Robson</a> (<abbr class="abbr" title="directeur de publication">dir.</abbr>) et <a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Stedall" title="Jacqueline Stedall">Jackie Stedall</a> (<abbr class="abbr" title="directeur de publication">dir.</abbr>), <cite class="italique">The Oxford Handbook of the History of Mathematics</cite>, Oxford, <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, <time>2009</time><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+the+History+of+Mathematics&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.aulast=Robson&rft.aufirst=Eleanor&rft.au=Jackie+Stedall&rft.date=2009&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A%C5%92il+oudjat"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Pommerening2005"><span class="ouvrage" id="Tanja_Pommerening2005">Tanja Pommerening, <cite class="italique">Die altägyptische Hohlmasse</cite>, Hambourg, Buske, <time>2005</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 165<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+alt%C3%A4gyptische+Hohlmasse&rft.place=Hambourg&rft.pub=Buske&rft.aulast=Pommerening&rft.aufirst=Tanja&rft.date=2005&rft.pages=165&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A%C5%92il+oudjat"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%92il_oudjat&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifier la section : Articles connexes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%92il_oudjat&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Articles connexes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Troisi%C3%A8me_%C5%93il_(%C3%A9sot%C3%A9risme)" title="Troisième œil (ésotérisme)">Troisième œil (ésotérisme)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazar_boncuk" title="Nazar boncuk">Nazar boncuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauvais_%C5%93il" title="Mauvais œil">Mauvais œil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amulette" title="Amulette">Amulette</a></li></ul> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:%C3%89gypte_antique" title="Portail de l’Égypte antique"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Louvre_faucon%2C_E_25380_B.png/36px-Louvre_faucon%2C_E_25380_B.png" decoding="async" width="36" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Louvre_faucon%2C_E_25380_B.png/54px-Louvre_faucon%2C_E_25380_B.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Louvre_faucon%2C_E_25380_B.png/72px-Louvre_faucon%2C_E_25380_B.png 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:%C3%89gypte_antique" title="Portail:Égypte antique">Portail de l’Égypte antique</a></span> </span></li> </ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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