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History subsection </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-In_antiquity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_antiquity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 In antiquity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_antiquity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Precursors_in_the_West" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Precursors_in_the_West"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Precursors in the West </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Precursors_in_the_West-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_bikini" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_bikini"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Modern bikini </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_bikini-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Social_resistance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_resistance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Social resistance </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_resistance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rise_to_popularity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rise_to_popularity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Rise to popularity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rise_to_popularity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mass_acceptance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mass_acceptance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 Mass acceptance </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mass_acceptance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Outside_the_Western_world" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Outside_the_Western_world"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.7 Outside the Western world </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Outside_the_Western_world-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Variants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Variants </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Variants-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Variants subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Variants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Major_styles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_styles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Major styles </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Major_styles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 In sport </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-In_sport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle In sport subsection </button> <ul id="toc-In_sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Beach_volleyball" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beach_volleyball"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Beach volleyball </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Beach_volleyball-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bodybuilding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bodybuilding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Bodybuilding </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bodybuilding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Other sports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Body_ideals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Body_ideals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Body ideals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Body_ideals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bikini_underwear" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bikini_underwear"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Bikini underwear </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Bikini_underwear-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Bikini underwear subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Bikini_underwear-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-History_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 History </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Men's_bikini" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Men's_bikini"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Men's bikini </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Men's_bikini-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bikini_waxing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bikini_waxing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Bikini waxing </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bikini_waxing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bikini_tan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bikini_tan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Bikini tan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bikini_tan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Bikini</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 80 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-80" aria-hidden="true" > 80 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bikini" title="Bikini – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Bikini" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bikini" title="Bikini – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Bikini" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A" title="بكيني – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بكيني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biquini" title="Biquini – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Biquini" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bikini" title="Bikini – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bikini" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF" title="বিকিনি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বিকিনি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96_(%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5)" title="Бікіні (адзенне) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Бікіні (адзенне)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96" title="Бікіні – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Бікіні" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="बिकिनी – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="बिकिनी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Бикини – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Бикини" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bikini" title="Bikini – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Bikini" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bikini_(dilhad)" title="Bikini (dilhad) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bikini (dilhad)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biquini" title="Biquini – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Biquini" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Бикини – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Бикини" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bikiny" title="Bikiny – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bikiny" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bikini" title="Bikini – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Bikini" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicini_(dilledyn)" title="Bicini (dilledyn) – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Bicini (dilledyn)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bikini" title="Bikini – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bikini" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bikini" title="Bikini – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Bikini" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deitsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bikini" title="Bikini – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bikini" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bikiinid" title="Bikiinid – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Bikiinid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B9" title="Μπικίνι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μπικίνι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bikini" title="Bikini – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bikini" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bikino" title="Bikino – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Bikino" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bikini" title="Bikini – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bikini" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C" title="بیکینی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بیکینی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bikini_(v%C3%AAtement)" title="Bikini (vêtement) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bikini (vêtement)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bikiny" title="Bikiny – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Bikiny" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bikini" title="Bikini – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Bikini" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B9%84%ED%82%A4%EB%8B%88" title="비키니 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="비키니" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%AB_(%D5%AC%D5%B8%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%A3%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%BF)" title="Բիկինի (լողազգեստ) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բիկինի (լողազգեստ)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="बिकनी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बिकनी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bikini" title="Bikini – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bikini" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bikinio" title="Bikinio – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Bikinio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bikini" title="Bikini – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Bikini" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bikini" title="Bikini – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bikini" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bikini" title="Bikini – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Bikini" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bikini" title="Bikini – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bikini" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99" title="ביקיני – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ביקיני" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bikini" title="Bikini – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Bikini" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B5" title="ບິກິນີ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ບິກິນີ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bikini" title="Bikini – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Bikini" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bikinis" title="Bikinis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Bikinis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bikini_(f%C3%BCrd%C5%91ruha)" title="Bikini (fürdőruha) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bikini (fürdőruha)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8_(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B5)" title="Бикини (костим за капење) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Бикини (костим за капење)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="बिकिनी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="बिकिनी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%89" title="بيكينى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بيكينى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C" title="بیکینی – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="بیکینی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bikini" title="Bikini – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bikini" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bikini_(kleding)" title="Bikini (kleding) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bikini (kleding)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="विकिनी – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="विकिनी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%93%E3%82%AD%E3%83%8B_(%E6%B0%B4%E7%9D%80)" title="ビキニ (水着) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ビキニ (水着)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bikini" title="Bikini – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bikini" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bikini" title="Bikini – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Bikini" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bikini" title="Bikini – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Bikini" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nouormand</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%90%DA%A9%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A" title="بېکيني – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="بېکيني" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bikini" title="Bikini – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bikini" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biqu%C3%ADni" title="Biquíni – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Biquíni" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bikini" title="Bikini – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Bikini" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ripoarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bikini" title="Bikini – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Bikini" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Бикини – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бикини" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bikini" title="Bikini – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bikini" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bikini" title="Bikini – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Bikini" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bikini" title="Bikini – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Bikini" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8_(%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%9B%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC)" title="Бикини (купаћи костим) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бикини (купаћи костим)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bikini" title="Bikini – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Bikini" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bikinit" title="Bikinit – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Bikinit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bikini" title="Bikini – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bikini" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bikini" title="Bikini – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Bikini" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF" title="బికిని – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="బికిని" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5" title="บิกีนี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="บิกีนี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bikini" title="Bikini – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bikini" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96" title="Бікіні – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бікіні" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C" title="بیکینی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بیکینی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bikini" title="Bikini – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bikini" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bikini" title="Bikini – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Bikini" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li 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Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Two-piece swimwear</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the bathing suit. For the island group, see <a href="/wiki/Bikini_Atoll" title="Bikini Atoll">Bikini Atoll</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Bikini_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Bikini (disambiguation)">Bikini (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dolores_del_R%C3%ADo_publicity_photo_for_In_Caliente_(1935).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Dolores_del_R%C3%ADo_publicity_photo_for_In_Caliente_%281935%29.jpg/170px-Dolores_del_R%C3%ADo_publicity_photo_for_In_Caliente_%281935%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Dolores_del_R%C3%ADo_publicity_photo_for_In_Caliente_%281935%29.jpg/255px-Dolores_del_R%C3%ADo_publicity_photo_for_In_Caliente_%281935%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Dolores_del_R%C3%ADo_publicity_photo_for_In_Caliente_%281935%29.jpg/340px-Dolores_del_R%C3%ADo_publicity_photo_for_In_Caliente_%281935%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="687" data-file-height="901" /></a><figcaption>Mexican actress <a href="/wiki/Dolores_del_R%C3%ADo" title="Dolores del Río">Dolores del Río</a> posing in a publicity photograph for the film <a href="/wiki/In_Caliente" title="In Caliente">In Caliente</a> (1935). Del Río was a pioneer in wearing a two piece swimsuit.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Young_woman_at_the_beach_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Young_woman_at_the_beach_%282%29.jpg/170px-Young_woman_at_the_beach_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="313" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Young_woman_at_the_beach_%282%29.jpg/255px-Young_woman_at_the_beach_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Young_woman_at_the_beach_%282%29.jpg/340px-Young_woman_at_the_beach_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="458" data-file-height="842" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Woman" title="Woman">woman</a> wearing a black bikini at a beach in 2009</figcaption></figure> A bikini is a two-piece <a href="/wiki/Swimsuit" title="Swimsuit">swimsuit</a> primarily worn by women that features one piece on top that covers the <a href="/wiki/Breast" title="Breast">breasts</a>, and a second piece on the bottom: the front covering the <a href="/wiki/Pelvis" title="Pelvis">pelvis</a> but usually exposing the <a href="/wiki/Navel" title="Navel">navel</a>, and the back generally covering the <a href="/wiki/Intergluteal_cleft" title="Intergluteal cleft">intergluteal cleft</a> and some or all of the <a href="/wiki/Buttocks" title="Buttocks">buttocks</a>. The size of the top and bottom can vary, from bikinis that offer full coverage of the breasts, pelvis, and buttocks, to more revealing designs with a <a href="/wiki/Thong" title="Thong">thong</a> or <a href="/wiki/G-string" title="G-string">G-string</a> bottom that covers only the <a href="/wiki/Mons_pubis" title="Mons pubis">mons pubis</a>, but exposes the buttocks, and a top that covers only the <a href="/wiki/Areola" title="Areola">areolae</a>. Bikini bottoms covering about half the buttocks may be described as "Brazilian-cut". The modern bikini swimsuit was introduced by French clothing designer <a href="/wiki/Louis_R%C3%A9ard" title="Louis Réard">Louis Réard</a> in July 1946, and was named after the <a href="/wiki/Bikini_Atoll" title="Bikini Atoll">Bikini Atoll</a>, where the first public test of a <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_bomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear bomb">nuclear bomb</a> had taken place four days before.<a href="#cite_note-weisgall-2">[2]</a> Due to its revealing design, the bikini was once considered controversial, facing opposition from a number of groups and being accepted only very slowly by the general public. In many countries, the design was banned from beaches and other public places: in 1949, France banned the bikini from being worn on its coastlines; Germany banned the bikini from public swimming pools until the 1970s, and some communist groups condemned the bikini as a "capitalist decadence".<a href="#cite_note-Alac-3">[3]</a> The bikini also faced criticism from some feminists, who reviled it as a garment designed to suit men's tastes, and not those of women. Despite this backlash, however, the bikini still sold well throughout the mid to late 20th century. The bikini gained increased exposure and acceptance as <a href="/wiki/Film_star" class="mw-redirect" title="Film star">film stars</a> like <a href="/wiki/Brigitte_Bardot" title="Brigitte Bardot">Brigitte Bardot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raquel_Welch" title="Raquel Welch">Raquel Welch</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ursula_Andress" title="Ursula Andress">Ursula Andress</a> wore it and were photographed on public beaches and seen in film.<a href="#cite_note-Alac-3">[3]</a> The minimalist bikini design became common in most Western countries by the mid-1960s as both <a href="/wiki/Swimwear" class="mw-redirect" title="Swimwear">swimwear</a> and <a href="/wiki/Underwear" title="Underwear">underwear</a>. By the late 20th century, it was widely used as <a href="/wiki/Sportswear_(activewear)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sportswear (activewear)">sportswear</a> in <a href="/wiki/Beach_volleyball" title="Beach volleyball">beach volleyball</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bodybuilding" title="Bodybuilding">bodybuilding</a>. There are a number of modern <a href="/wiki/Bikini_variant" class="mw-redirect" title="Bikini variant">stylistic variations</a> of the design used for marketing purposes and as industry classifications, including <a href="/wiki/Monokini" title="Monokini">monokini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microkini" class="mw-redirect" title="Microkini">microkini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tankini" title="Tankini">tankini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trikini" title="Trikini">trikini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pubikini" class="mw-redirect" title="Pubikini">pubikini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Skirtini" class="mw-redirect" title="Skirtini">skirtini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thong" title="Thong">thong</a>, and <a href="/wiki/G-string" title="G-string">g-string</a>. A man's single piece <a href="/wiki/Swim_briefs" title="Swim briefs">brief swimsuit</a> may also be called a bikini or "bikini brief", particularly if it has slimmer sides.<a href="#cite_note-Bikini-4">[4]</a> Similarly, a variety of men's and women's underwear types are described as bikini underwear. The bikini has gradually gained wide acceptance in <a href="/wiki/Western_world" title="Western world">Western society</a>. By the early 2000s, bikinis had become a US$811 million business annually, and boosted spin off services such as <a href="/wiki/Bikini_waxing" title="Bikini waxing">bikini waxing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sun_tanning" title="Sun tanning">sun tanning</a>.<a href="#cite_note-AgeL-5">[5]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology_and_terminology">Etymology and terminology</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bikini&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology and terminology">edit</a>]</div> While the two-piece swimsuit as a design existed in <a href="/wiki/Classical_antiquity" title="Classical antiquity">classical antiquity</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Agrawala-6">[6]</a> the modern design first attracted public notice in Paris on July 5, 1946.<a href="#cite_note-BBCW-7">[7]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Able_crossroads.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Able_crossroads.jpg/220px-Able_crossroads.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Able_crossroads.jpg/330px-Able_crossroads.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Able_crossroads.jpg/440px-Able_crossroads.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2398" data-file-height="1440" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Operation_Crossroads" title="Operation Crossroads">Operation Crossroads</a> was a nuclear test series at the <a href="/wiki/Bikini_Atoll" title="Bikini Atoll">Bikini Atoll</a>, and the inspiration for the naming of two French swimsuit designs at the time, including the bikini.</figcaption></figure> In May 1946, Parisian fashion designer <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Heim" title="Jacques Heim">Jacques Heim</a> released a two-piece swimsuit design that he named the Atome ('Atom') and advertised as "the smallest swimsuit in the world".<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> Like swimsuits of the era, it covered the wearer's belly button, and it failed to attract much attention. French automotive engineer <a href="/wiki/Louis_R%C3%A9ard" title="Louis Réard">Louis Réard</a> introduced a design he named the "Bikini", adopting the name from the <a href="/wiki/Bikini_Atoll" title="Bikini Atoll">Bikini Atoll</a> in the Pacific Ocean,<a href="#cite_note-HistC-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-Guardian-10">[10]</a> which was the colonial name the Germans gave to the atoll, borrowed from the <a href="/wiki/Marshallese_language" title="Marshallese language">Marshallese</a> name for the island, Pikinni.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> Four days earlier, the United States had initiated its first peacetime <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapon_design" title="Nuclear weapon design">nuclear weapons</a> <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_testing" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear testing">test</a> <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_testing_at_Bikini_Atoll" title="Nuclear testing at Bikini Atoll">at Bikini Atoll</a> as part of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Crossroads" title="Operation Crossroads">Operation Crossroads</a>. Unlike the prior <a href="/wiki/Trinity_test" class="mw-redirect" title="Trinity test">Trinity test</a>, or most subsequent nuclear test series, the United States allowed both international observers and the global press to observe Crossroads, creating an intense international interest in the new weapon and its testing. Réard never explained why he chose the name "Bikini" for the swimsuit.<a href="#cite_note-weisgall-2">[2]</a> Various motivations have been attributed to his choosing of the name, including the idea that he hoped it would create "explosive commercial and cultural reaction" similar to the explosion at Bikini Atoll,<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> that it was meant to be associated with the "exotic allure of the tropical Pacific", from the "comparison of the effects of a scantily clad woman to the atomic bomb,"<a href="#cite_note-weisgall-2">[2]</a> and the idea that Reard's design had out-done Heim's design and "split the atome".<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> Réard's advertising slogan was that the Bikini was "smaller than the smallest bathing suit in the world."<a href="#cite_note-weisgall-2">[2]</a> The swimsuit's name was typically capitalized for several years after its coining.<a href="#cite_note-weisgall-2">[2]</a> It has been frequently cited as a major example of a "psychological link between atomic destruction and sexuality" in popular culture, which includes the stenciling of <a href="/wiki/Rita_Hayworth" title="Rita Hayworth">Rita Hayworth</a> onto one of the bombs detonated at Crossroads,<a href="#cite_note-weisgall-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> and its persistence in language has been argued as having "trivialized and downplayed the reality of nuclear testing," given the contamination done by especially <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_testing_at_Bikini_Atoll" title="Nuclear testing at Bikini Atoll">later US thermonuclear tests at Bikini</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands" title="Marshall Islands">Marshallese</a> atolls.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> By making an analogy with words like bilingual and bilateral containing the Latin prefix "<a href="/wiki/Bi-" class="mw-redirect" title="Bi-">bi-</a>" (meaning "two" in Latin), the word bikini was first <a href="/wiki/Back-derivation" class="mw-redirect" title="Back-derivation">back-derived</a> as consisting of two parts, [bi + kini] by <a href="/wiki/Rudi_Gernreich" title="Rudi Gernreich">Rudi Gernreich</a>, who introduced the <a href="/wiki/Monokini" title="Monokini">monokini</a> in 1964.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> Later swimsuit designs like the <a href="/wiki/Tankini" title="Tankini">tankini</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trikini" title="Trikini">trikini</a> further cemented this derivation.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> Over time the "–kini family" (as dubbed by author <a href="/wiki/William_Safire" title="William Safire">William Safire</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a>), including the "–ini sisters" (as dubbed by designer Anne Cole<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a>), expanded into a variety of swimwear including the monokini (also known as a numokini or unikini), seekini, <a href="/wiki/Tankini" title="Tankini">tankini</a>, camikini, hikini (also hipkini), minikini, <a href="/wiki/Face-kini" class="mw-redirect" title="Face-kini">face-kini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burkini" title="Burkini">burkini</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Microkini" class="mw-redirect" title="Microkini">microkini</a>.<a href="#cite_note-barryJ-22">[22]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Language_Report" title="Language Report">Language Report</a>, compiled by lexicographer <a href="/wiki/Susie_Dent" title="Susie Dent">Susie Dent</a> and published by the <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a> (OUP) in 2003, considers lexicographic inventions like bandeaukini and camkini, two variants of the tankini, important to observe.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> Although "bikini" was originally a registered trademark of Réard, it has since become <a href="/wiki/Generic_trademark" title="Generic trademark">genericized</a>.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> Variations of the term are used to describe <a href="/wiki/Bikini_variant" class="mw-redirect" title="Bikini variant">stylistic variations</a> for promotional purposes and industry classifications, including monokini, <a href="/wiki/Microkini" class="mw-redirect" title="Microkini">microkini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tankini" title="Tankini">tankini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trikini" title="Trikini">trikini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pubikini" class="mw-redirect" title="Pubikini">pubikini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bandeaukini" class="mw-redirect" title="Bandeaukini">bandeaukini</a> and <a href="/wiki/Skirtini" class="mw-redirect" title="Skirtini">skirtini</a>. A man's <a href="/wiki/Swim_briefs" title="Swim briefs">brief swimsuit</a> may also be referred to as a bikini.<a href="#cite_note-Bikini-4">[4]</a> Similarly, a variety of men's and women's underwear types are described as bikini underwear. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bikini&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_bikini" title="History of the bikini">History of the bikini</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Bikini_in_popular_culture" title="Bikini in popular culture">Bikini in popular culture</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_antiquity">In antiquity</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bikini&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: In antiquity">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pompeii_bikini_girls.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Pompeii_bikini_girls.jpg/220px-Pompeii_bikini_girls.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Pompeii_bikini_girls.jpg/330px-Pompeii_bikini_girls.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Pompeii_bikini_girls.jpg/440px-Pompeii_bikini_girls.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="893" /></a><figcaption>The ancient Roman <a href="/wiki/Villa_Romana_del_Casale" title="Villa Romana del Casale">Villa Romana del Casale</a> (286–305 AD) in <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a> has one of the earliest known bikini-type images.</figcaption></figure> According to archaeologist <a href="/wiki/James_Mellaart" title="James Mellaart">James Mellaart</a>, a mural from the <a href="/wiki/Chalcolithic" title="Chalcolithic">Chalcolithic</a> era (around 5600 BC) in <a href="/wiki/%C3%87atalh%C3%B6y%C3%BCk" title="Çatalhöyük">Çatalhöyük</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a> depicts a mother goddess astride two leopards wearing a costume somewhat like a bikini.<a href="#cite_note-Agrawala-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> The two-piece swimsuit can be traced back to the <a href="/wiki/Greco-Roman_world" title="Greco-Roman world">Greco-Roman world</a>, where bikini-like garments worn by women athletes are depicted on <a href="/wiki/Urns" class="mw-redirect" title="Urns">urns</a> and paintings dating back to 1400 BC.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> In Coronation of the Winner, a <a href="/wiki/Mosaic" title="Mosaic">mosaic</a> in the floor of a <a href="/wiki/Roman_villa" title="Roman villa">Roman villa</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a> that dates from the <a href="/wiki/Diocletianic_Persecution" title="Diocletianic Persecution">Diocletian period</a> (286–305 AD), young women participate in weightlifting, discus throwing, and running ball games dressed in bikini-like garments (technically bandeaukinis in modern lexicon).<a href="#cite_note-BBCW-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-VilCas-27">[27]</a> The mosaic, found in the <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicilian</a> <a href="/wiki/Villa_Romana_del_Casale" title="Villa Romana del Casale">Villa Romana del Casale</a>, features ten maidens who have been anachronistically dubbed the "<a href="/wiki/Villa_Romana_del_Casale#Athletic_competition" title="Villa Romana del Casale">Bikini Girls</a>".<a href="#cite_note-Guttmann_1991_38-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-Villa_Romana_del_Casale-29">[29]</a> Other <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman</a> archaeological finds depict the goddess <a href="/wiki/Venus_(mythology)" title="Venus (mythology)">Venus</a> in a similar garment. In <a href="/wiki/Pompeii" title="Pompeii">Pompeii</a>, depictions of Venus wearing a bikini were discovered in the Casa della Venere,<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Tablinum" title="Tablinum">tablinum</a> of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Julia_Felix" title="House of Julia Felix">House of Julia Felix</a>,<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> and in an <a href="/wiki/Atrium_(architecture)" title="Atrium (architecture)">atrium</a> garden of <a href="/wiki/House_of_Loreius_Tiburtinus" title="House of Loreius Tiburtinus">Via Dell'Abbondanza</a>.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Precursors_in_the_West">Precursors in the West</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bikini&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Precursors in the West">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader">Evolution</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Bathing_Beauties_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Bathing_Beauties_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Bathing_Beauties_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Bathing_Beauties_%28cropped%29.jpg/300px-Bathing_Beauties_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/Bathing_Beauties_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="337" data-file-height="204" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Loose <a href="/wiki/Chemise" title="Chemise">chemises</a> from the 1900s</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:AKellermanUnitard1909.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/AKellermanUnitard1909.JPG/200px-AKellermanUnitard1909.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/AKellermanUnitard1909.JPG/300px-AKellermanUnitard1909.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/AKellermanUnitard1909.JPG/400px-AKellermanUnitard1909.JPG 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="466" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Annette_Kellermann" class="mw-redirect" title="Annette Kellermann">Annette Kellermann</a> started the form-fitting swimwear trend, 1909</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Jane_Wyman,1935_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Jane_Wyman%2C1935_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Jane_Wyman%2C1935_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Jane_Wyman%2C1935_%28cropped%29.jpg/300px-Jane_Wyman%2C1935_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Jane_Wyman%2C1935_%28cropped%29.jpg/400px-Jane_Wyman%2C1935_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1784" data-file-height="1372" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Actress <a href="/wiki/Jane_Wyman" title="Jane Wyman">Jane Wyman</a> in beachwear that bares legs and midriff, 1935</div></div></div></div></div> Swimming or bathing outdoors was discouraged in the <a href="/wiki/Christian_West" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian West">Christian West</a>, so there was little demand or need for swimming or bathing costumes until the 18th century. The bathing gown of the 18th century was a loose ankle-length full-sleeve <a href="/wiki/Chemise" title="Chemise">chemise</a>-type gown made of wool or flannel that retained coverage and modesty.<a href="#cite_note-claud-35">[35]</a> In 1907, Australian swimmer and performer <a href="/wiki/Annette_Kellermann" class="mw-redirect" title="Annette Kellermann">Annette Kellermann</a> was arrested on a <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a> beach for wearing form-fitting sleeveless one-piece knitted swimming tights that covered her from neck to toe, a costume she adopted from England,<a href="#cite_note-claud-35">[35]</a> although it became accepted swimsuit attire for women in parts of Europe by 1910.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> In 1913, designer <a href="/wiki/Carl_Jantzen" class="mw-redirect" title="Carl Jantzen">Carl Jantzen</a> made the first functional two-piece swimwear. Inspired by the introduction of females into Olympic swimming he designed a close-fitting costume with shorts for the bottom and short sleeves for the top.<a href="#cite_note-heritage-37">[37]</a> During the 1920s and 1930s, people began to shift from "taking in the water" to "taking in the sun", at bathhouses and spas, and swimsuit designs shifted from functional considerations to incorporate more decorative features. <a href="/wiki/Rayon" title="Rayon">Rayon</a> was used in the 1920s in the manufacture of tight-fitting swimsuits,<a href="#cite_note-sydelle-38">[38]</a> but durability issues, especially when wet, proved problematic.<a href="#cite_note-Kadolph-39">[39]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jersey_(fabric)" title="Jersey (fabric)">Jersey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Silk" title="Silk">silk</a> were also sometimes used.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> By the 1930s, manufacturers had lowered necklines in the back, removed sleeves, and tightened the sides. With the development of new clothing materials, particularly <a href="/wiki/Latex" title="Latex">latex</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nylon" title="Nylon">nylon</a>, swimsuits gradually began hugging the body through the 1930s, with shoulder straps that could be lowered for tanning.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> Women's swimwear of the 1930s and 1940s incorporated increasing degrees of <a href="/wiki/Midriff_exposure" class="mw-redirect" title="Midriff exposure">midriff exposure</a>. The 1932 Hollywood film Three on a Match featured a midriff-baring two-piece bathing suit. Actress <a href="/wiki/Dolores_del_R%C3%ADo" title="Dolores del Río">Dolores del Río</a> was the first major star to wear a two-piece women's bathing suit onscreen in <a href="/wiki/Flying_Down_to_Rio" title="Flying Down to Rio">Flying Down to Rio</a> (1933).<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> Teen magazines of late 1940s and 1950s featured similar designs of midriff-baring suits and tops. However, midriff fashion was stated as only for beaches and informal events and considered indecent to be worn in public.<a href="#cite_note-girl-43">[43]</a> Hollywood endorsed the new glamor in films like 1949's <a href="/wiki/Neptune%27s_Daughter_(1949_film)" title="Neptune's Daughter (1949 film)">Neptune's Daughter</a> in which <a href="/wiki/Esther_Williams" title="Esther Williams">Esther Williams</a> wore provocatively named costumes such as "Double Entendre" and "Honey Child".<a href="#cite_note-notting-44">[44]</a> Wartime production during World War II required vast amounts of cotton, silk, nylon, wool, leather, and rubber. In 1942, the United States <a href="/wiki/War_Production_Board" title="War Production Board">War Production Board</a> issued Regulation L-85, cutting the use of natural fibers in clothing<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> and mandating a 10% reduction in the amount of fabric in women's beachwear.<a href="#cite_note-history-46">[46]</a> To comply with the regulations, swimsuit manufacturers removed skirt panels and other attachments,<a href="#cite_note-HistC-9">[9]</a> while increasing production of the two-piece swimsuit with bare midriffs.<a href="#cite_note-fashionencyc-47">[47]</a> At the same time, demand for all swimwear declined as there was not much interest in going to the beach, especially in Europe.<a href="#cite_note-HistC-9">[9]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_bikini">Modern bikini</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bikini&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Modern bikini">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MichelineBernardini.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d4/MichelineBernardini.jpg/170px-MichelineBernardini.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d4/MichelineBernardini.jpg/255px-MichelineBernardini.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d4/MichelineBernardini.jpg 2x" data-file-width="271" data-file-height="368" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Micheline_Bernardini" title="Micheline Bernardini">Micheline Bernardini</a> on 5 July 1946 at the <a href="/wiki/Piscine_Molitor" title="Piscine Molitor">Piscine Molitor</a> modeling Réard's bikini, which was small enough to fit into the 5 by 5 by 5 centimetres (2.0 by 2.0 by 2.0 in) box she is holding.</figcaption></figure> In the summer of 1946, Western Europeans enjoyed their first war-free summer in many years. French designers sought to deliver fashions that matched the liberated mood of the people.<a href="#cite_note-history-46">[46]</a> Fabric was still in short supply,<a href="#cite_note-Gunn-48">[48]</a> and in an endeavor to resurrect swimwear sales, two French designers – <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Heim" title="Jacques Heim">Jacques Heim</a> and <a href="/wiki/Louis_R%C3%A9ard" title="Louis Réard">Louis Réard</a> – almost simultaneously launched new two-piece swimsuit designs in 1946.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> Heim launched a two-piece swimsuit design in Paris that he called the atome, after the smallest known particle of matter. He announced that it was the "world's smallest bathing suit."<a href="#cite_note-history-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> Although briefer than the two-piece swimsuits of the 1930s, the bottom of Heim's new two-piece beach costume still covered the wearer's navel.<a href="#cite_note-Gunn-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> Soon after, Louis Réard created a competing two-piece swimsuit design, which he called the bikini.<a href="#cite_note-TimA-55">[55]</a> He noticed that women at the beach rolled up the edges of their swimsuit bottoms and tops to improve their tan.<a href="#cite_note-femmes-56">[56]</a> On 5 July, Réard introduced his design at a swimsuit review held at a popular Paris public pool, <a href="/wiki/Piscine_Molitor" title="Piscine Molitor">Piscine Molitor</a>, four days after the first test of a US nuclear weapon at the <a href="/wiki/Bikini_Atoll" title="Bikini Atoll">Bikini Atoll</a>. The newspapers were full of news about it and Réard hoped for the same with his design.<a href="#cite_note-navy-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> Réard's bikini undercut Heim's atome in its brevity. His design consisted of two side-by-side triangles of fabric forming a bra, and two front-and-back triangular pieces of fabric covering the <a href="/wiki/Mons_pubis" title="Mons pubis">mons pubis</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Buttocks" title="Buttocks">buttocks</a>, respectively, connected by string. When he was unable to find a fashion model willing to showcase his revealing design,<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> Réard hired <a href="/wiki/Micheline_Bernardini" title="Micheline Bernardini">Micheline Bernardini</a>, an 18-year old <a href="/wiki/Striptease" title="Striptease">nude dancer</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Casino_de_Paris" title="Casino de Paris">Casino de Paris</a>.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> He announced that his swimsuit, was "smaller than the world's smallest bathing suit".<a href="#cite_note-Guard-61">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-Lil-62">[62]</a> Réard said that "like the [atom] bomb, the bikini is small and devastating".<a href="#cite_note-The_Very_First_Bikini-63">[63]</a> Fashion writer <a href="/wiki/Diana_Vreeland" title="Diana Vreeland">Diana Vreeland</a> described the bikini as the "atom bomb of fashion".<a href="#cite_note-The_Very_First_Bikini-63">[63]</a> Bernardini received 50,000 fan letters, many of them from men.<a href="#cite_note-HistC-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-heritage-37">[37]</a> Photographs of Bernardini and articles about the event were widely carried by the press. The <a href="/wiki/International_Herald_Tribune" title="International Herald Tribune">International Herald Tribune</a> alone ran nine stories on the event.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> French newspaper <a href="/wiki/Le_Figaro" title="Le Figaro">Le Figaro</a> wrote, "People were craving the simple pleasures of the sea and the sun. For women, wearing a bikini signaled a kind of second liberation. There was really nothing sexual about this. It was instead a celebration of freedom and a return to the joys in life."<a href="#cite_note-heritage-37">[37]</a> Heim's atome was more in keeping with the sense of propriety of the 1940s, but Réard's design won the public's attention.<a href="#cite_note-Gunn-48">[48]</a> Although Heim's design was the first worn on the beach and initially sold more swimsuits, it was Réard's description of the two-piece swimsuit as a bikini that stuck.<a href="#cite_note-BBCW-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> As competing designs emerged, he declared in advertisements that a swimsuit could not be a genuine bikini "unless it could be pulled through a wedding ring."<a href="#cite_note-HistC-9">[9]</a> Modern bikinis were first made of <a href="/wiki/Cotton" title="Cotton">cotton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jersey_(fabric)" title="Jersey (fabric)">jersey</a>.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Social_resistance">Social resistance</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bikini&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Social resistance">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatleft" style="width:220px; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> As subsequent history would show, the bikini was more than a skimpy garment. It was a state of mind. </blockquote> <cite class="left-aligned" style="">Lena Lenček<a href="#cite_note-Lena_Lenček_page_100-67">[67]</a></cite> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hooters_Bikini_Contest.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Hooters_Bikini_Contest.jpg/220px-Hooters_Bikini_Contest.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Hooters_Bikini_Contest.jpg/330px-Hooters_Bikini_Contest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Hooters_Bikini_Contest.jpg/440px-Hooters_Bikini_Contest.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3761" data-file-height="2276" /></a><figcaption>A bikini contest in 2009, featuring popular modern designs such as triangle tops and thong-style bottoms</figcaption></figure> Despite the garment's initial success in France, women worldwide continued to wear traditional one-piece swimsuits. When his sales stalled, Réard went back to designing and selling orthodox knickers.<a href="#cite_note-timesonline-68">[68]</a> In 1950, American swimsuit mogul Fred Cole,<a href="#cite_note-heritage-37">[37]</a> owner of mass market swimwear firm Cole of California, told <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a> that he had "little but scorn for France's famed Bikinis."<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> Réard himself would later describe it as a "two-piece bathing suit which reveals everything about a girl except for her mother's maiden name."<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> Fashion magazine Modern Girl Magazine in 1957 stated that "it is hardly necessary to waste words over the so-called bikini since it is inconceivable that any girl with tact and decency would ever wear such a thing".<a href="#cite_note-BBCW-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-heritage-37">[37]</a> In 1951, <a href="/wiki/Eric_Morley" title="Eric Morley">Eric Morley</a> organized the Festival Bikini Contest, a beauty contest and swimwear advertising opportunity at that year's <a href="/wiki/Festival_of_Britain" title="Festival of Britain">Festival of Britain</a>. The press, welcoming the spectacle, referred to it as Miss World,<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> a name Morley registered as a trademark.<a href="#cite_note-Keith_Lovegrove_1967-73">[73]</a> The winner was <a href="/wiki/Kiki_H%C3%A5kansson" title="Kiki Håkansson">Kiki Håkansson</a> of Sweden, who was crowned in a bikini. After the crowning, Håkansson was condemned by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_XII" title="Pope Pius XII">Pope Pius XII</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Alac-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-magnanti-74">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> while Spain and Ireland threatened to withdraw from the pageant.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> In 1952, bikinis were banned from the pageant and replaced by <a href="/wiki/Evening_gown" title="Evening gown">evening gowns</a>.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> As a result of the controversy, the bikini was explicitly banned from many other <a href="/wiki/Beauty_pageant" title="Beauty pageant">beauty pageants</a> worldwide.<a href="#cite_note-telegraph-79">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> Although some regarded the bikini and beauty contests as bringing freedom to women, they were opposed by some <a href="/wiki/Feminist" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminist">feminists</a><a href="#cite_note-Alac-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> as well as religious and cultural groups who objected to the degree of exposure of the female body. <a href="/wiki/Paula_Stafford" title="Paula Stafford">Paula Stafford</a> was an Australian fashion designer credited with introducing the bikini to Australia;<a href="#cite_note-hicks-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-stolz-83">[83]</a> in a famous incident in 1952, model Ann Ferguson was asked to leave a beach in <a href="/wiki/Surfers_Paradise,_Queensland" title="Surfers Paradise, Queensland">Surfers Paradise</a> because her Paula Stafford bikini was too revealing.<a href="#cite_note-bikinicops-84">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-campbell-85">[85]</a> The bikini was banned in Australia, on the French Atlantic coastline, in Spain, in Italy,<a href="#cite_note-Alac-3">[3]</a> and in Portugal, and was prohibited or discouraged in a number of US states.<a href="#cite_note-timehistory-86">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Motion_Picture_Production_Code_of_1930" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Motion Picture Production Code of 1930">United States Motion Picture Production Code</a>, also known as the Hays Code, enforced from 1934, allowed two-piece gowns but prohibited the display of navels in Hollywood films.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> The <a href="/wiki/National_Legion_of_Decency" title="National Legion of Decency">National Legion of Decency</a>, a Roman Catholic body overseeing American media content, also pressured Hollywood and foreign film producers to keep bikinis from being featured in Hollywood movies.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> As late as 1959 one of the United States' largest swimsuit designers, Anne Cole of the <a href="/wiki/Anne_Cole" title="Anne Cole">Anne Cole</a> brand,<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-HUGHES-91">[91]</a> said, "It's nothing more than a G-string. It's at the razor's edge of decency."<a href="#cite_note-WOJSI-92">[92]</a> The Hays Code was abandoned by the mid-1960s, and with it the prohibition of female navel exposure, as well as other restrictions.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> The influence of the National Legion of Decency also waned by the 1960s.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rise_to_popularity">Rise to popularity</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bikini&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Rise to popularity">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader">Evolution</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:142px;max-width:142px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Mimi_Kok_(1951).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Mimi_Kok_%281951%29.jpg/140px-Mimi_Kok_%281951%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Mimi_Kok_%281951%29.jpg/210px-Mimi_Kok_%281951%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Mimi_Kok_%281951%29.jpg/280px-Mimi_Kok_%281951%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1300" data-file-height="1733" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Mimi_Kok" title="Mimi Kok">Mimi Kok</a>, Netherlands, 1951</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:142px;max-width:142px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Dalida_Senigallia_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Dalida_Senigallia_4.jpg/140px-Dalida_Senigallia_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Dalida_Senigallia_4.jpg/210px-Dalida_Senigallia_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Dalida_Senigallia_4.jpg/280px-Dalida_Senigallia_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2392" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Dalida" title="Dalida">Dalida</a>, Italy, 1968</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:142px;max-width:142px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Sietedias1272-Alfano.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Sietedias1272-Alfano.jpg/140px-Sietedias1272-Alfano.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Sietedias1272-Alfano.jpg/210px-Sietedias1272-Alfano.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Sietedias1272-Alfano.jpg/280px-Sietedias1272-Alfano.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="414" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Graciela_Alfano" title="Graciela Alfano">Graciela Alfano</a>, Argentina, 1972</div></div></div></div></div> Increasingly common <a href="/wiki/Glamour_photography" title="Glamour photography">glamour shots</a> of popular actresses and models on either side of the Atlantic played a large part in bringing the bikini into the mainstream.<a href="#cite_note-MMOA-95">[95]</a> During the 1950s, Hollywood stars such as <a href="/wiki/Ava_Gardner" title="Ava Gardner">Ava Gardner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rita_Hayworth" title="Rita Hayworth">Rita Hayworth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lana_Turner" title="Lana Turner">Lana Turner</a>,<a href="#cite_note-turner-96">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-firstB-97">[97]</a> <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Taylor" title="Elizabeth Taylor">Elizabeth Taylor</a>,<a href="#cite_note-firstB-97">[97]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tina_Louise" title="Tina Louise">Tina Louise</a>,<a href="#cite_note-firstB-97">[97]</a> <a href="/wiki/Marilyn_Monroe" title="Marilyn Monroe">Marilyn Monroe</a>,<a href="#cite_note-firstB-97">[97]</a> <a href="/wiki/Esther_Williams" title="Esther Williams">Esther Williams</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Betty_Grable" title="Betty Grable">Betty Grable</a><a href="#cite_note-menkes-98">[98]</a> took advantage of the risqué publicity associated with the bikini by posing for photographs wearing them—<a href="/wiki/Pin-up_girl" class="mw-redirect" title="Pin-up girl">pin-ups</a> of Hayworth and Williams in costume were especially widely distributed in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-heritage-37">[37]</a> In 1950, <a href="/wiki/Elvira_Pag%C3%A3" title="Elvira Pagã">Elvira Pagã</a> walked at the <a href="/wiki/Rio_Carnival" title="Rio Carnival">Rio Carnival</a>, Brazil in a golden bikini, starting the bikini tradition of the carnival.<a href="#cite_note-rio-99">[99]</a> In Europe, 17-year-old <a href="/wiki/Brigitte_Bardot" title="Brigitte Bardot">Brigitte Bardot</a> wore scanty bikinis (by contemporary standards) in the French film Manina, la fille sans voiles ("Manina, the girl unveiled"). The promotion for the film, released in France in March 1953, drew more attention to Bardot's bikinis than to the film itself. By the time the film was released in the United States in 1958, it was re-titled <a href="/wiki/Manina,_the_Girl_in_the_Bikini" title="Manina, the Girl in the Bikini">Manina, the Girl in the Bikini</a>. Bardot was also photographed wearing a bikini on the beach during the 1957 <a href="/wiki/Cannes_Film_Festival" title="Cannes Film Festival">Cannes Film Festival</a>. Working with her husband and agent <a href="/wiki/Roger_Vadim" title="Roger Vadim">Roger Vadim</a>, she garnered significant attention with photographs of her wearing a bikini on every beach in the south of France.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> Similar photographs were taken of <a href="/wiki/Anita_Ekberg" title="Anita Ekberg">Anita Ekberg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sophia_Loren" title="Sophia Loren">Sophia Loren</a>, among others. According to The Guardian, Bardot's photographs in particular turned <a href="/wiki/Saint-Tropez" title="Saint-Tropez">Saint-Tropez</a> into the beachwear capital of the world,<a href="#cite_note-Guard-61">[61]</a> with Bardot identified as the original Cannes bathing beauty.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> Bardot's photography helped to enhance the public profile of the festival, and Cannes in turn played a crucial role in her career.<a href="#cite_note-a-102">[102]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:290px;max-width:290px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:154px;max-width:154px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Salgueiro-29_(3028018098).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Salgueiro-29_%283028018098%29.jpg/152px-Salgueiro-29_%283028018098%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="152" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Salgueiro-29_%283028018098%29.jpg/228px-Salgueiro-29_%283028018098%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Salgueiro-29_%283028018098%29.jpg/304px-Salgueiro-29_%283028018098%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1150" data-file-height="1438" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">A <a href="/wiki/Samba_(Brazilian_dance)" title="Samba (Brazilian dance)">Samba dancer</a> in a bikini at the <a href="/wiki/Rio_Carnival" title="Rio Carnival">Rio Carnival</a>, 2009. The bikini tradition of Rio Carnival started in 1950.<a href="#cite_note-rio-99">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:132px;max-width:132px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Nurnaningsih_in_bikini,_c._1955.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Nurnaningsih_in_bikini%2C_c._1955.jpg/130px-Nurnaningsih_in_bikini%2C_c._1955.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Nurnaningsih_in_bikini%2C_c._1955.jpg/195px-Nurnaningsih_in_bikini%2C_c._1955.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Nurnaningsih_in_bikini%2C_c._1955.jpg/260px-Nurnaningsih_in_bikini%2C_c._1955.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4440" data-file-height="6520" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Indonesian actress <a href="/wiki/Nurnaningsih" title="Nurnaningsih">Nurnaningsih</a>, 1955</div></div></div></div></div> <a href="/wiki/Brian_Hyland" title="Brian Hyland">Brian Hyland</a>'s novelty-song hit "<a href="/wiki/Itsy_Bitsy_Teenie_Weenie_Yellow_Polka_Dot_Bikini" class="mw-redirect" title="Itsy Bitsy Teenie Weenie Yellow Polka Dot Bikini">Itsy Bitsy Teenie Weenie Yellow Polka Dot Bikini</a>" became a <a href="/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard</a> No. 1 hit during the summer of 1960: the song tells a story about a young girl who is too shy to wear her new bikini on the beach, thinking it too risqué.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> <a href="/wiki/Playboy" title="Playboy">Playboy</a> first featured a bikini on its cover in 1962; the <a href="/wiki/Sports_Illustrated_Swimsuit_Issue" title="Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue">Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue</a> debut two years later featured <a href="/wiki/Babette_March" title="Babette March">Babette March</a> in a white bikini on the cover.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> This has been credited with making the bikini a legitimate piece of clothing.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ursula_Andress" title="Ursula Andress">Ursula Andress</a>, appearing as <a href="/wiki/Honey_Ryder" title="Honey Ryder">Honey Ryder</a> in the 1962 British <a href="/wiki/James_Bond" title="James Bond">James Bond</a> film, <a href="/wiki/Dr._No_(film)" title="Dr. No (film)">Dr. No</a>, wore a <a href="/wiki/White_bikini_of_Ursula_Andress" title="White bikini of Ursula Andress">white bikini</a>, which became known as the "<a href="/wiki/White_bikini_of_Ursula_Andress" title="White bikini of Ursula Andress">Dr. No bikini</a>". It became one of the most famous bikinis of all time and an iconic moment in cinematic and fashion history.<a href="#cite_note-Telegraph-107">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bensimon2006-108">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-Lindner2009-109">[109]</a> Andress said that she owed her career to that white bikini, remarking, "This bikini made me into a success. As a result of starring in Dr. No as the first <a href="/wiki/Bond_girl" title="Bond girl">Bond girl</a>, I was given the freedom to take my pick of future roles and to become financially independent."<a href="#cite_note-Telegraph-107">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-Weekes2007-110">[110]</a> The bikini finally caught on, and in 1963, the movie <a href="/wiki/Beach_Party" title="Beach Party">Beach Party</a>, starring <a href="/wiki/Annette_Funicello" title="Annette Funicello">Annette Funicello</a> and <a href="/wiki/Frankie_Avalon" title="Frankie Avalon">Frankie Avalon</a>, led a wave of films that made the bikini a pop-culture symbol, though Funicello was barred from wearing Réard's bikini unlike the other young females in the films. In 1965, a woman told <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a> that it was "almost square" not to wear a bikini; the magazine wrote two years later that "65% of the young set had already gone over".<a href="#cite_note-turner-96">[96]</a> <a href="/wiki/Raquel_Welch" title="Raquel Welch">Raquel Welch</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Fur_bikini_of_Raquel_Welch" title="Fur bikini of Raquel Welch">fur bikini</a> in <a href="/wiki/One_Million_Years_B.C." title="One Million Years B.C.">One Million Years B.C.</a> (1966) gave the world the most iconic bikini shot of all time and the poster image became an iconic moment in cinema history.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> Her deer skin bikini in <a href="/wiki/One_Million_Years_B.C." title="One Million Years B.C.">One Million Years B.C.</a>, advertised as "mankind's first bikini",<a href="#cite_note-Filmfacts-112">[112]</a> (1966) was later described as a "definitive look of the 1960s".<a href="#cite_note-Mansour2005-113">[113]</a> Her role wearing the leather bikini made Welch a fashion icon<a href="#cite_note-BBCW-7">[7]</a> and the photo of her in the bikini became a best-selling pinup poster.<a href="#cite_note-Mansour2005-113">[113]</a> Stretch <a href="/wiki/Nylon" title="Nylon">nylon</a> bikini briefs and bras complemented the adolescent boutique fashions of the 1960s, allowing those to be minimal.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> <a href="/wiki/DuPont" title="DuPont">DuPont</a> introduced <a href="/wiki/Lycra" class="mw-redirect" title="Lycra">lycra</a> (DuPont's name for <a href="/wiki/Spandex" title="Spandex">spandex</a>) in the same decade.<a href="#cite_note-sydelle-38">[38]</a> Spandex expanded the range of novelty fabrics available to designers which meant suits could be made to fit like a second skin without heavy linings.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> "The advent of Lycra allowed more women to wear a bikini," wrote <a href="/wiki/Kelly_Killoren_Bensimon" title="Kelly Killoren Bensimon">Kelly Killoren Bensimon</a>, a former model and author of The Bikini Book, "It didn't sag, it didn't bag, and it concealed and revealed. It wasn't so much like lingerie anymore."<a href="#cite_note-sfgate-116">[116]</a> Increased reliance on stretch fabric led to simplified construction.<a href="#cite_note-MMOA-95">[95]</a> This fabric allowed designers to create the <a href="/wiki/String_bikini" class="mw-redirect" title="String bikini">string bikini</a>, and allowed Rudi Gernreich to create the topless monokini.<a href="#cite_note-SFC-117">[117]</a> Alternative swimwear fabrics such as <a href="/wiki/Velvet" title="Velvet">velvet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leather" title="Leather">leather</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Crochet" title="Crochet">crocheted</a> squares surfaced in the early '70s.<a href="#cite_note-MMOA-95">[95]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mass_acceptance">Mass acceptance</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bikini&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Mass acceptance">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Micro_Bikini.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Red-haired woman wearing green bikini" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Micro_Bikini.jpg/145px-Micro_Bikini.jpg" decoding="async" width="145" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Micro_Bikini.jpg/218px-Micro_Bikini.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Micro_Bikini.jpg/291px-Micro_Bikini.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>A woman wearing a modern bikini in a casual outdoor setting; this neon green swimsuit features a triangle top and thong bottoms</figcaption></figure> Réard's company folded in 1988,<a href="#cite_note-SFGate-118">[118]</a> four years after his death.<a href="#cite_note-independent-119">[119]</a> Meanwhile, the bikini had become the most popular beachwear around the globe. According to French fashion historian Olivier Saillard, this was due to "the power of women, and not the power of fashion".<a href="#cite_note-BBCW-7">[7]</a> By 1988 the bikini made up nearly 20% of swimsuit sales, more than any other model in the US,<a href="#cite_note-WOJSI-92">[92]</a> though one-piece suits made a comeback during the 1980s and early 1990s.<a href="#cite_note-independent-119">[119]</a> In 1997, Miss Maryland Jamie Fox became the first contestant in 50 years to compete in a two-piece swimsuit at the <a href="/wiki/Miss_America_Pageant" class="mw-redirect" title="Miss America Pageant">Miss America Pageant</a>.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> Actresses in <a href="/wiki/Action_film" title="Action film">action films</a> like <a href="/wiki/Blue_Crush" title="Blue Crush">Blue Crush</a> (2002) and <a href="/wiki/Charlie%27s_Angels:_Full_Throttle" title="Charlie's Angels: Full Throttle">Charlie's Angels: Full Throttle</a> (2003) made the two-piece "the millennial equivalent of the <a href="/wiki/Power_dressing" title="Power dressing">power suit</a>", according to Gina Bellafonte of <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>.<a href="#cite_note-heritage-37">[37]</a><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Women_in_bikinis_at_an_aerobics_class_at_Hietaniemi_beach.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Women_in_bikinis_at_an_aerobics_class_at_Hietaniemi_beach.jpg/212px-Women_in_bikinis_at_an_aerobics_class_at_Hietaniemi_beach.jpg" decoding="async" width="212" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Women_in_bikinis_at_an_aerobics_class_at_Hietaniemi_beach.jpg/318px-Women_in_bikinis_at_an_aerobics_class_at_Hietaniemi_beach.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Women_in_bikinis_at_an_aerobics_class_at_Hietaniemi_beach.jpg/424px-Women_in_bikinis_at_an_aerobics_class_at_Hietaniemi_beach.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Women in bikinis at the <a href="/wiki/Hietaniemi_Beach" class="mw-redirect" title="Hietaniemi Beach">Hietaniemi Beach</a> in <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>, in 2014</figcaption></figure>According to Beth Dincuff Charleston, research associate at the Costume Institute of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, "The bikini represents a social leap involving body consciousness, moral concerns, and sexual attitudes."<a href="#cite_note-heritage-37">[37]</a> By the early 2000s, bikinis had become a $811 million business annually, according to the <a href="/wiki/NPD_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="NPD Group">NPD Group</a>, a consumer and retail information company,<a href="#cite_note-SFC-117">[117]</a> and had boosted spin-off services like <a href="/wiki/Bikini_wax" class="mw-redirect" title="Bikini wax">bikini waxing</a> and the sun tanning industries.<a href="#cite_note-AgeL-5">[5]</a> The first bikini <a href="/wiki/Museum" title="Museum">museum</a> in the world is being built in <a href="/wiki/Bad_Rappenau" title="Bad Rappenau">Bad Rappenau</a> in Germany.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> The development of <a href="/wiki/Swimwear" class="mw-redirect" title="Swimwear">swimwear</a> from 1880 to the present is presented on 2,000 square metres of exhibition space.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> By 2017, the global swimwear market was valued at US$18,5 billion with a <a href="/wiki/Compound_annual_growth_rate" title="Compound annual growth rate">compound annual growth rate</a> of 6.2%.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> Part of the increased consumption of bikinis and swimwears can be attributed to <a href="/wiki/Internet_celebrity" title="Internet celebrity">influencers</a> who promote and endorse various brands around the year.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> Soccer player and best selling author <a href="/wiki/Mo_Isom" title="Mo Isom">Mo Isom</a> describes it as, "We're flooded with <a href="/wiki/Instagram" title="Instagram">Instagram</a> bikini pics."<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> It was estimated in 2016 that in 2019 the USA would be the largest swimwear market (US$10 billion), followed by Europe (US$5 billion), <a href="/wiki/Asia%E2%80%93Pacific" title="Asia–Pacific">Asia–Pacific</a> (US$4 billion) and Middle East and Africa (about 1 billion).<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248256098">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0 4px 4px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:4px;text-align:right;font-size:85%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{border:solid var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff)!important}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="title"><div>Evolution of bikinis</div></div><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 200px;"><a href="/wiki/File:A_girl_in_white_bikini.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1970s"><img alt="1970s" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/A_girl_in_white_bikini.jpg/160px-A_girl_in_white_bikini.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/A_girl_in_white_bikini.jpg/240px-A_girl_in_white_bikini.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/A_girl_in_white_bikini.jpg/320px-A_girl_in_white_bikini.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">1970s</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 200px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Young_woman_in_a_yellow_bikini_with_a_drink.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1980s"><img alt="1980s" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Young_woman_in_a_yellow_bikini_with_a_drink.jpg/160px-Young_woman_in_a_yellow_bikini_with_a_drink.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Young_woman_in_a_yellow_bikini_with_a_drink.jpg/240px-Young_woman_in_a_yellow_bikini_with_a_drink.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Young_woman_in_a_yellow_bikini_with_a_drink.jpg/320px-Young_woman_in_a_yellow_bikini_with_a_drink.jpg 2x" data-file-width="969" data-file-height="376" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">1980s</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 200px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Tourism_in_Turkey,_1993.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1990s"><img alt="1990s" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Tourism_in_Turkey%2C_1993.jpg/160px-Tourism_in_Turkey%2C_1993.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Tourism_in_Turkey%2C_1993.jpg/240px-Tourism_in_Turkey%2C_1993.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Tourism_in_Turkey%2C_1993.jpg/320px-Tourism_in_Turkey%2C_1993.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1770" data-file-height="1196" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">1990s</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 200px;"><a href="/wiki/File:HDR_Bikini_on_Waterfall.png" class="mw-file-description" title="2000s"><img alt="2000s" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/HDR_Bikini_on_Waterfall.png/160px-HDR_Bikini_on_Waterfall.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/HDR_Bikini_on_Waterfall.png/240px-HDR_Bikini_on_Waterfall.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/HDR_Bikini_on_Waterfall.png/320px-HDR_Bikini_on_Waterfall.png 2x" data-file-width="948" data-file-height="756" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">2000s</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 200px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Woman_posing_on_skateboard_in_bikini.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="2010s"><img alt="2010s" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Woman_posing_on_skateboard_in_bikini.jpg/124px-Woman_posing_on_skateboard_in_bikini.jpg" decoding="async" width="124" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Woman_posing_on_skateboard_in_bikini.jpg/187px-Woman_posing_on_skateboard_in_bikini.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Woman_posing_on_skateboard_in_bikini.jpg/249px-Woman_posing_on_skateboard_in_bikini.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1497" data-file-height="2045" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">2010s</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div style="clear:right;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Outside_the_Western_world">Outside the Western world</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bikini&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Outside the Western world">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:272px;max-width:272px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:134px;max-width:134px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:198px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Topmodel_Africa_Contestant_Bikini.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Topmodel_Africa_Contestant_Bikini.jpg/132px-Topmodel_Africa_Contestant_Bikini.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Topmodel_Africa_Contestant_Bikini.jpg/198px-Topmodel_Africa_Contestant_Bikini.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Topmodel_Africa_Contestant_Bikini.jpg/264px-Topmodel_Africa_Contestant_Bikini.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="4928" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Topmodel Africa contestant in <a href="/wiki/Harare" title="Harare">Harare</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:134px;max-width:134px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:198px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Saree_bikini.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Saree_bikini.jpg/132px-Saree_bikini.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Saree_bikini.jpg/198px-Saree_bikini.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Saree_bikini.jpg/264px-Saree_bikini.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4134" data-file-height="6201" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Indian model wearing bikini with <a href="/wiki/Saree" class="mw-redirect" title="Saree">saree</a></div></div></div></div></div> The 1967 <a href="/wiki/Bollywood" class="mw-redirect" title="Bollywood">Bollywood</a> film <a href="/wiki/An_Evening_in_Paris" title="An Evening in Paris">An Evening in Paris</a> is mostly remembered because it featured actress <a href="/wiki/Sharmila_Tagore" title="Sharmila Tagore">Sharmila Tagore</a> as the first Indian actress to wear a bikini on film.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> She also posed in a bikini for the glossy <a href="/wiki/Filmfare" title="Filmfare">Filmfare</a> magazine.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> The costume shocked a conservative Indian audience,<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> but it also set in motion a trend carried forward by <a href="/wiki/Zeenat_Aman" title="Zeenat Aman">Zeenat Aman</a> in <a href="/wiki/Heera_Panna" title="Heera Panna">Heera Panna</a> (1973) and <a href="/wiki/Qurbani_(1980_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Qurbani (1980 film)">Qurbani</a> (1980),<a href="#cite_note-avi-132">[132]</a> <a href="/wiki/Dimple_Kapadia" title="Dimple Kapadia">Dimple Kapadia</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bobby_(1973_film)" title="Bobby (1973 film)">Bobby</a> (1973),<a href="#cite_note-avi-132">[132]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Parveen_Babi" title="Parveen Babi">Parveen Babi</a> in <a href="/wiki/Yeh_Nazdeekiyan" title="Yeh Nazdeekiyan">Yeh Nazdeekiyan</a> (1982).<a href="#cite_note-avi-132">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> Indonesian actress <a href="/wiki/Nurnaningsih" title="Nurnaningsih">Nurnaningsih</a>'s bikini clad photos were widely distributed in early 1950s, though she was banned in <a href="/wiki/Kalimantan" title="Kalimantan">Kalimantan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> Indian women generally wear bikinis when they vacation abroad or in <a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goa</a> without the family. But, despite the conservative ideas prevalent in India, bikinis also become more popular in summer when women, from <a href="/wiki/Bollywood" class="mw-redirect" title="Bollywood">Bollywood</a> stars to the middle class, take up swimming, often in a public space.<a href="#cite_note-HTBikini-137">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> A lot of <a href="/wiki/Tankini" title="Tankini">tankinis</a>, shorts and <a href="/wiki/Maillot" title="Maillot">single-piece swimsuits</a> are sold in the summer,<a href="#cite_note-HTBikini-137">[137]</a> along with real bikinis and <a href="/wiki/Bandeaukini" class="mw-redirect" title="Bandeaukini">bandeaukinis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ShoDhar-139">[139]</a> The maximum sales for bikinis happen in the winter, the honeymoon season.<a href="#cite_note-HTBikini-137">[137]</a> For more coverage, designers <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shivan_Bhatiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shivan Bhatiya (page does not exist)">Shivan Bhatiya</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Narresh_Kukreja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Narresh Kukreja (page does not exist)">Narresh Kukreja</a> invented the bikini-<a href="/wiki/Saree" class="mw-redirect" title="Saree">saree</a> popularised by TV anchor <a href="/wiki/Mandira_Bedi" title="Mandira Bedi">Mandira Bedi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ShoDhar-139">[139]</a> By the end of the first decade of the 21st century, the Chinese bikini industry became a serious international threat for the Brazilian bikini industry.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> <a href="/wiki/Huludao" title="Huludao">Huludao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning">Liaoning</a>, China set the world record for the largest bikini parade in 2012, with 1,085 participants and a photo shoot involving 3,090 women.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> "<a href="/wiki/Beijing_bikini" title="Beijing bikini">Beijing bikini</a>" refers to the Chinese urban practice of men rolling up their shirts to expose their midriff to cool off in public in the summer.<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> In Japan, wearing a bikini is common on the beach and at baths or pools. But, according to a 2013 study, 94% women are not body confident enough to wear a bikini in public without resorting to <a href="/wiki/Sarong" title="Sarong">sarongs</a>, zip-up <a href="/wiki/Sweatshirt" title="Sweatshirt">sweatshirts</a>, T-shirts, or shorts.<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> Japanese women also often wear a "<a href="/wiki/Facekini" title="Facekini">facekini</a>" to protect their face from <a href="/wiki/Sunburn" title="Sunburn">sunburns</a>.<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> In most parts of the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a>, bikinis are either banned or are highly controversial. On March 18, 1973, when <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanese</a> magazine Ash-Shabaka printed a bikini-clad woman on the cover, they had to make a second version with only the face of the model.<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> In 2011, when <a href="/wiki/Huda_Naccache" title="Huda Naccache">Huda Naccache</a> (<a href="/wiki/Miss_Earth" title="Miss Earth">Miss Earth</a> 2011) posed for the cover of Lilac (based in <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>), she became the first bikini-clad Arab model on the cover of an Arabic magazine.<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> <a href="/wiki/Lebanese-Australian" class="mw-redirect" title="Lebanese-Australian">Lebanese-Australian</a> fashion designer <a href="/wiki/Aheda_Zanetti" title="Aheda Zanetti">Aheda Zanetti</a> created the "<a href="/wiki/Burkini" title="Burkini">burkini</a>" as a modest option to the bikini, which has become very popular among Muslims.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">failed verification</a>] Rehab Shaaban, an Egyptian designer, tried an even more <a href="/wiki/Abaya" title="Abaya">abaya</a>-like design, but her design was banned due to safety reasons.<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variants">Variants</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bikini&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Variants">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bikini_variants" title="Bikini variants">Bikini variants</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Maillot" title="Maillot">Maillot</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thong" title="Thong">Thong</a></div> While the name "bikini" was at first applied only to beachwear that revealed the wearer's navel, today the fashion industry considers any two-piece swimsuit a bikini.<a href="#cite_note-patton-152">[152]</a> Modern bikini fashions are characterized by a simple, brief design: two triangles of fabric that form a bra and cover the woman's <a href="/wiki/Breast" title="Breast">breasts</a> and a third that forms a panty cut below the navel that covers the <a href="/wiki/Groin" title="Groin">groin</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Intergluteal_cleft" title="Intergluteal cleft">intergluteal cleft</a>.<a href="#cite_note-MMOA-95">[95]</a> Bikinis can and have been made out of almost every possible clothing material, and the fabrics and other materials used to make bikinis are an essential element of their design.<a href="#cite_note-materials-153">[153]</a> Modern bikinis were first made of cotton and jersey, but in the 1960s, Lycra became the common material. Alternative swimwear fabrics such as velvet, leather, and <a href="/wiki/Crochet_bikini" title="Crochet bikini">crocheted</a> squares surfaced in the early 1970s.<a href="#cite_note-MMOA-95">[95]</a> In a single fashion show in 1985, there were two-piece suits with <a href="/wiki/Crop_top" title="Crop top">cropped tank tops</a> instead of the usual skimpy bandeaux, suits that resembled bikinis from the front and one-pieces from the back, <a href="/wiki/Suspenders" title="Suspenders">suspender straps</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ruffle_(sewing)" title="Ruffle (sewing)">ruffles</a>, and deep navel-baring cutouts.<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> Metal and stone jewelry pieces are now often used to dress up look and style according to tastes. To meet the fast pace of demands, some manufacturers now offer made-to-order bikinis ready in as few as seven minutes.<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> The world's most expensive bikini was designed in February 2006 by Susan Rosen; containing 150 carats (30 g) of diamond, it was valued at £20 million.<a href="#cite_note-YorkS-156">[156]</a> <div style="clear:right;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Major_styles">Major styles</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bikini&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Major styles">edit</a>]</div> There is a range of distinct bikini styles available — <a href="/wiki/String_bikini" class="mw-redirect" title="String bikini">string/tie-side bikinis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monokini" title="Monokini">monokinis</a> (topless or top and bottom connected), trikinis (three pieces instead of two), <a href="/wiki/Tankini" title="Tankini">tankinis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sleeveless_shirt" title="Sleeveless shirt">tank top</a>, bikini bottom), camikinis (<a href="/wiki/Camisole" title="Camisole">camisole top</a>, bikini bottom), bandeaukinis (<a href="/wiki/Bandeau" title="Bandeau">bandeau</a> top, bikini bottom), skirtinis (bikini top, skirt bottom), microkinis, <a href="/wiki/Sling_swimsuit" title="Sling swimsuit">sling bikinis</a> (or suspender bikinis), <a href="/wiki/Thong" title="Thong">thong</a> and <a href="/wiki/G-string" title="G-string">g-string</a> bikinis, and teardrop bikinis.<a href="#cite_note-barryJ-22">[22]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;"> <th>Variant</th> <th>Image</th> <th>Year</th> <th>Description </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bandeaukini" class="mw-redirect" title="Bandeaukini">Bandeaukini</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Nice_Woman_at_Beach_-_Playa_Mamitas,_Playa_del_Carmen_-_Quintana_Roo,_Mexico.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Nice_Woman_at_Beach_-_Playa_Mamitas%2C_Playa_del_Carmen_-_Quintana_Roo%2C_Mexico.jpg/100px-Nice_Woman_at_Beach_-_Playa_Mamitas%2C_Playa_del_Carmen_-_Quintana_Roo%2C_Mexico.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Nice_Woman_at_Beach_-_Playa_Mamitas%2C_Playa_del_Carmen_-_Quintana_Roo%2C_Mexico.jpg/150px-Nice_Woman_at_Beach_-_Playa_Mamitas%2C_Playa_del_Carmen_-_Quintana_Roo%2C_Mexico.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Nice_Woman_at_Beach_-_Playa_Mamitas%2C_Playa_del_Carmen_-_Quintana_Roo%2C_Mexico.jpg/200px-Nice_Woman_at_Beach_-_Playa_Mamitas%2C_Playa_del_Carmen_-_Quintana_Roo%2C_Mexico.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1916" data-file-height="3210" /></a></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">—</div></td> <td>A bandeaukini (alternatively called a bandini)<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Bandeau" title="Bandeau">bandeau</a> top (no straps going over the shoulders) worn with any bikini bottom.<a href="#cite_note-homan-158">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> It is the oldest form of bikini, with one of the earliest examples found in <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicilian</a> <a href="/wiki/Villa_Romana_del_Casale" title="Villa Romana del Casale">Villa Romana del Casale</a> (dubbed the "<a href="/wiki/Villa_Romana_del_Casale#Athletic_competition" title="Villa Romana del Casale">Bikini Girls</a>"), dating back to the 4th century AD.<a href="#cite_note-Guttmann_1991_38-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-Villa_Romana_del_Casale-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a><a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> Reintroduced, its appeal grew fast among young women,<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> with bandeau tops edging into the sales of the classic tankini.<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Microkini" class="mw-redirect" title="Microkini">Microkini</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Microkini_-_pink.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Microkini_-_pink.jpg/112px-Microkini_-_pink.jpg" decoding="async" width="112" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Microkini_-_pink.jpg/168px-Microkini_-_pink.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Microkini_-_pink.jpg/223px-Microkini_-_pink.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a></td> <td>1995</td> <td>A microkini, also known as a micro bikini, is an exceptionally meager bikini.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The designs for both women and men typically use only enough fabric to cover the <a href="/wiki/Genitals" class="mw-redirect" title="Genitals">genitals</a> and, for women, the nipples. Some variations of the microkini use adhesive or wire to hold the fabric in place over the genitals. Microkinis keep the wearer just within legal limits of decency and fill a niche between <a href="/wiki/Nudism" class="mw-redirect" title="Nudism">nudism</a> and conservative swimwear. They are often accepted in Western cultures, including in Europe and the United States; however, they are considered inappropriate in more conservative nations and/or in family settings.<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Monokini" title="Monokini">Monokini</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Kindai_Mahjong_Swimsuit_Festival_7-2_IMG_8119.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Kindai_Mahjong_Swimsuit_Festival_7-2_IMG_8119.jpg/100px-Kindai_Mahjong_Swimsuit_Festival_7-2_IMG_8119.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Kindai_Mahjong_Swimsuit_Festival_7-2_IMG_8119.jpg/150px-Kindai_Mahjong_Swimsuit_Festival_7-2_IMG_8119.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Kindai_Mahjong_Swimsuit_Festival_7-2_IMG_8119.jpg/200px-Kindai_Mahjong_Swimsuit_Festival_7-2_IMG_8119.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="6000" /></a></td> <td>1964</td> <td>A monokini (also called topless swimsuit, unikini or numokini) is a women's one-piece garment equivalent to the lower half of a bikini.<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a> The design was originally conceived by <a href="/wiki/Rudi_Gernreich" title="Rudi Gernreich">Rudi Gernreich</a> in 1964.<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a> An extreme version of the monokini, the thong-style pubikini (which exposed the <a href="/wiki/Pubic" class="mw-redirect" title="Pubic">pubic</a> region), was also designed by Gernreich in 1985.<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> Today, monokinis usually refer to swimsuits in which the top and bottom are connected but provide coverage of the breasts as to be accepted in most western cultures. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Skirtini" class="mw-redirect" title="Skirtini">Skirtini</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:At_the_sea.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/At_the_sea.jpg/160px-At_the_sea.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/At_the_sea.jpg/240px-At_the_sea.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/At_the_sea.jpg/320px-At_the_sea.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3777" data-file-height="2518" /></a></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">—</div></td> <td>The skirtini, which features a bikini top and a small, skirted bottom, is also an innovation for bikini-style clothes with more coverage.<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> Two-piece swimsuits with skirt panels were popular in the US before the government ordered a 10% reduction in fabric used in woman's swimwear in 1943 as wartime rationing.<a href="#cite_note-history-46">[46]</a> In 2011, <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a> identified the skirted bikini as one of the top 10 swimwear designs of that season.<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sling_bikini" class="mw-redirect" title="Sling bikini">Sling bikini</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Elisabetta_Canalis_0380.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Elisabetta_Canalis_0380.jpg/118px-Elisabetta_Canalis_0380.jpg" decoding="async" width="118" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Elisabetta_Canalis_0380.jpg/178px-Elisabetta_Canalis_0380.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Elisabetta_Canalis_0380.jpg/237px-Elisabetta_Canalis_0380.jpg 2x" data-file-width="770" data-file-height="1027" /></a></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">—</div></td> <td>The sling bikini (also known as sling-kini, onepiecekini or sling swimsuit) is an unbroken suit, technically one-piece, which resembles a bikini bottom with the side straps extending upwards to cover the breasts and go over the shoulders, or encircling the neck while a second set of straps pass around the midriff (also known as pretzel bikini or pretzel swimsuit).<a href="#cite_note-JenPa-171">[171]</a> Sling swimsuits emerged in the early 1990s, and were introduced into the mainstream in 1994.<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a> When designed for or worn by a man, it is called a mankini, popularized by <a href="/wiki/Sacha_Baron_Cohen" title="Sacha Baron Cohen">Sacha Baron Cohen</a> in the film <a href="/wiki/Borat" title="Borat">Borat</a>.<a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a><a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/String_bikini" class="mw-redirect" title="String bikini">String bikini</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Sunrise,_Florida_woman_in_bikini_v2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Sunrise%2C_Florida_woman_in_bikini_v2.jpg/100px-Sunrise%2C_Florida_woman_in_bikini_v2.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Sunrise%2C_Florida_woman_in_bikini_v2.jpg/150px-Sunrise%2C_Florida_woman_in_bikini_v2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Sunrise%2C_Florida_woman_in_bikini_v2.jpg/200px-Sunrise%2C_Florida_woman_in_bikini_v2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1263" data-file-height="1831" /></a></td> <td>1974</td> <td>A string bikini (or a tie-side bikini) gets its name from its design that consists of two triangular shaped pieces connected at the <a href="/wiki/Groin" title="Groin">groin</a> but not at the sides, where a thin "string" wraps around the waist tied together to connect the two parts. The structure of the side tie bottom leaves the hips bare.<a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a> The first formal presentation of string bikini was done by fashion model Brandi Perret-DuJon, for the opening of Le Petite Centre, a shopping area in the French Quarter of the <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans,_Louisiana" class="mw-redirect" title="New Orleans, Louisiana">New Orleans, Louisiana</a> in 1974. String bikinis are one of the most popular variations of bikini.<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tankini" title="Tankini">Tankini</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Amy_at_the_2010_Run_to_the_Sun_Fashion_Show_in_Anchorage,_Alaska.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Amy_at_the_2010_Run_to_the_Sun_Fashion_Show_in_Anchorage%2C_Alaska.jpg/100px-Amy_at_the_2010_Run_to_the_Sun_Fashion_Show_in_Anchorage%2C_Alaska.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Amy_at_the_2010_Run_to_the_Sun_Fashion_Show_in_Anchorage%2C_Alaska.jpg/150px-Amy_at_the_2010_Run_to_the_Sun_Fashion_Show_in_Anchorage%2C_Alaska.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Amy_at_the_2010_Run_to_the_Sun_Fashion_Show_in_Anchorage%2C_Alaska.jpg/200px-Amy_at_the_2010_Run_to_the_Sun_Fashion_Show_in_Anchorage%2C_Alaska.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2121" data-file-height="3179" /></a></td> <td>1998</td> <td>The tankini is a swimsuit combining a <a href="/wiki/Tank_top_(shirt)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tank top (shirt)">tank top</a> and a bikini bottom.<a href="#cite_note-homan-158">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-Alisha-178">[178]</a><a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a> Tankinis can be made of <a href="/wiki/Spandex" title="Spandex">spandex</a>-and-cotton or <a href="/wiki/Lycra" class="mw-redirect" title="Lycra">Lycra</a>-and-nylon.<a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a> Designer <a href="/wiki/Anne_Cole" title="Anne Cole">Anne Cole</a>, the US swimwear mogul, was the originator of this style in 1998.<a href="#cite_note-homan-158">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a> A variation is named camkini, with <a href="/wiki/Spaghetti_strap" title="Spaghetti strap">spaghetti straps</a> instead of tank-shaped straps over a bikini bottom.<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Trikini" title="Trikini">Trikini</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:ValerieSilverman._519.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/ValerieSilverman._519.jpg/100px-ValerieSilverman._519.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/ValerieSilverman._519.jpg/150px-ValerieSilverman._519.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/ValerieSilverman._519.jpg/200px-ValerieSilverman._519.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2704" data-file-height="4064" /></a></td> <td>1967</td> <td>The trikini appeared briefly in 1967, defined as "a handkerchief and two small saucers."<a href="#cite_note-saf-183">[183]</a> It reappeared in the 1990s as a bikini bottom with a stringed halter of two triangular pieces covering the breasts,<a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a> and in the 2000s as a costume of three separate pieces.<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a> The trikini top comes essentially in two separate parts.<a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a> The name of this woman's bathing suit is formed from the word "bikini", replacing "bi-", meaning "two", with "tri-", meaning "three".<a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a> In a variation the three pieces are sold as part of one continuous garment.<a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_sport">In sport</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bikini&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: In sport">edit</a>]</div> Bikinis have become a major component of marketing various <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_sports" title="Women's sports">women's sports</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Kilborn-189">[189]</a> It is an official uniform for <a href="/wiki/Beach_volleyball" title="Beach volleyball">beach volleyball</a> and is widely worn in <a href="/wiki/Sport_of_athletics" title="Sport of athletics">athletics</a> and other sports. Sports bikinis have gained popularity since the 1990s.<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a> However, the trend has raised significant criticism in recent years among people who view it as an attempt to sell sex.<a href="#cite_note-Kilborn-189">[189]</a> Female swimmers do not commonly wear bikinis in competitive swimming.<a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a><a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a> The International Swimming Federation (FINA) voted to prohibit female swimmers from racing in bikinis in its meeting at Rome in 1960.<a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Beach_volleyball">Beach volleyball</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bikini&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Beach volleyball">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brooke_Sweat_and_Jennifer_Fopma_at_Hermosa_Beach_2012_(2)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Brooke_Sweat_and_Jennifer_Fopma_at_Hermosa_Beach_2012_%282%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Brooke_Sweat_and_Jennifer_Fopma_at_Hermosa_Beach_2012_%282%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Brooke_Sweat_and_Jennifer_Fopma_at_Hermosa_Beach_2012_%282%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Brooke_Sweat_and_Jennifer_Fopma_at_Hermosa_Beach_2012_%282%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Brooke_Sweat_and_Jennifer_Fopma_at_Hermosa_Beach_2012_%282%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Brooke_Sweat_and_Jennifer_Fopma_at_Hermosa_Beach_2012_%282%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3383" data-file-height="2536" /></a><figcaption>US women's <a href="/wiki/Beach_volleyball" title="Beach volleyball">beach volleyball</a> team has cited several advantages to bikini uniforms, such as comfort while playing on sand during hot weather.<a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a> Photo shows US beach volleyball players <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Fopma" title="Jennifer Fopma">Jennifer Fopma</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brooke_Sweat" title="Brooke Sweat">Brooke Sweat</a> in their uniforms.</figcaption></figure> In 1994, the bikini became the official uniform of <a href="/wiki/Beach_volleyball_at_the_Summer_Olympics#Women's_beach_volleyball" title="Beach volleyball at the Summer Olympics">women's Olympic beach volleyball</a>.<a href="#cite_note-cover-up-195">[195]</a> In 1999, the <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Internationale_de_Volleyball" title="Fédération Internationale de Volleyball">International Volleyball Federation</a> (FIVB) standardized beach volleyball uniforms, with the bikini becoming the required uniform for women.<a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a> That regulation bottom is called a "bun-hugger",<a href="#cite_note-patr-197">[197]</a> and players names are often written on the back of the bottom.<a href="#cite_note-patr-197">[197]</a> The uniform made its Olympic debut at <a href="/wiki/Bondi_Beach" title="Bondi Beach">Bondi Beach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a> during the <a href="/wiki/2000_Summer_Olympics" title="2000 Summer Olympics">2000 Summer Olympics</a> amid some criticism.<a href="#cite_note-stan-198">[198]</a> It was the fifth largest television audience of all the sports at the 2000 Games. Much of the interest was because of the sex appeal of bikini-clad players along with their athletic ability.<a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a> Bikini-clad dancers and cheerleaders entertain the audience during match breaks in many beach volleyball tournaments, including the Olympics.<a href="#cite_note-patr-197">[197]</a><a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a> Even <a href="/wiki/Volleyball" title="Volleyball">indoor volleyball</a> costumes followed suit to become smaller and tighter.<a href="#cite_note-patr-197">[197]</a> However, the FIVB's mandating of the bikini ran into problems. Some sports officials consider it exploitative and impractical in colder weather.<a href="#cite_note-cover-up-195">[195]</a> It also drew the ire of some athletes.<a href="#cite_note-201">[201]</a> At the <a href="/wiki/2006_Asian_Games" title="2006 Asian Games">2006 Asian Games</a> at Doha, Qatar, only one Muslim country – Iraq – fielded a team in the beach volleyball competition because of concerns that the uniform was inappropriate. They refused to wear bikinis.<a href="#cite_note-202">[202]</a> The weather during the evening games in <a href="/wiki/2012_Summer_Olympics" title="2012 Summer Olympics">2012 London Olympics</a> was so cold that the players sometimes had to wear shirts and leggings.<a href="#cite_note-203">[203]</a> Earlier in 2012, FIVB had announced it would allow shorts (maximum length 3 cm (1.2 in) above the knee) and sleeved tops at the games. Richard Baker, the federation spokesperson, said that "many of these countries have religious and cultural requirements so the uniform needed to be more flexible".<a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a> The bikini remains preferred by most players<a href="#cite_note-mcpeak_uniform-205">[205]</a> and corporate sponsors.<a href="#cite_note-patr-197">[197]</a> US women's team has cited several advantages of bikini uniforms, such as comfort while playing on sand during hot weather.<a href="#cite_note-ijr-206">[206]</a> Competitors <a href="/wiki/Natalie_Cook" title="Natalie Cook">Natalie Cook</a><a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Holly_McPeak" title="Holly McPeak">Holly McPeak</a><a href="#cite_note-mcpeak_uniform-205">[205]</a> support the bikini as a practical uniform for a sport played on sand during the heat of summer. Olympic gold medal winner <a href="/wiki/Kerry_Walsh" class="mw-redirect" title="Kerry Walsh">Kerry Walsh</a> said, "I love our uniforms." According to fellow gold medalist <a href="/wiki/Misty_May-Treanor" title="Misty May-Treanor">Misty May-Treanor</a> and Walsh it does not restrict movement.<a href="#cite_note-patr-197">[197]</a> One feminist viewpoint sees the bikini uniform as objectification of women athletes.<a href="#cite_note-stan-198">[198]</a> US beach volleyball player <a href="/wiki/Gabrielle_Reece" title="Gabrielle Reece">Gabrielle Reece</a> described the bikini bottoms as uncomfortable with constant "yanking and fiddling."<a href="#cite_note-patr-197">[197]</a><a href="#cite_note-blues-208">[208]</a> Many female beach volleyball players have sustained injuries by over-training the <a href="/wiki/Abdominal_muscles" title="Abdominal muscles">abdominal muscles</a> while many others have gone through <a href="/wiki/Augmentation_mammoplasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Augmentation mammoplasty">augmentation mammoplasty</a> to look appealing in their uniforms.<a href="#cite_note-stan-198">[198]</a> Australian competitor <a href="/wiki/Nicole_Sanderson" title="Nicole Sanderson">Nicole Sanderson</a> said about match break entertainment that "it's kind of disrespectful to the female players. I'm sure the male spectators love it, but I find it a little bit offensive."<a href="#cite_note-209">[209]</a> Sports journalism expert Kimberly Bissell conducted a study on the camera angles used during the <a href="/wiki/2004_Summer_Olympics" title="2004 Summer Olympics">2004 Summer Olympics</a> beach volleyball games. Bissell found that 20% of the camera angles were focused on the women's chests, and 17% on their buttocks. Bissell theorized that the appearance of the players draws fans attention more than their actual athleticism.<a href="#cite_note-210">[210]</a><a href="#cite_note-211">[211]</a> Sports commentator <a href="/wiki/Jeanne_Moos" title="Jeanne Moos">Jeanne Moos</a> commented, "Beach volleyball has now joined go-go girl dancing as perhaps the only two professions where a bikini is the required uniform."<a href="#cite_note-patr-197">[197]</a><a href="#cite_note-blues-208">[208]</a><a href="#cite_note-212">[212]</a> British Olympian <a href="/wiki/Denise_Johns" title="Denise Johns">Denise Johns</a> argues that the regulation uniform is intended to be "sexy" and to attract attention.<a href="#cite_note-213">[213]</a> Rubén Acosta, president of the FIVB, says that it makes the game more appealing to spectators.<a href="#cite_note-stan-198">[198]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bodybuilding">Bodybuilding</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bikini&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Bodybuilding">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:103px;max-width:103px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:151px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Dougback2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Dougback2.jpg/101px-Dougback2.jpg" decoding="async" width="101" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Dougback2.jpg/152px-Dougback2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Dougback2.jpg/202px-Dougback2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="360" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:185px;max-width:185px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:151px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:BodybuildingWoman.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/BodybuildingWoman.jpg/183px-BodybuildingWoman.jpg" decoding="async" width="183" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/BodybuildingWoman.jpg/275px-BodybuildingWoman.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/BodybuildingWoman.jpg/366px-BodybuildingWoman.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="850" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Bikini is the uniform for both male and female <a href="/wiki/Bodybuilding" title="Bodybuilding">bodybuilders</a>.</div></div></div></div> From the 1950s to mid-1970s, men's <a href="/wiki/Bodybuilding" title="Bodybuilding">bodybuilding</a> contest formats were often supplemented with women's beauty contests or bikini shows. The winners earned titles like Miss Body Beautiful, Miss Physical Fitness and Miss Americana, and also presented trophies to the winners of the men's contest.<a href="#cite_note-lowe-214">[214]</a> In the 1980s, the Ms Olympia competition started in the US and in the UK the NABBA (National Amateur Body Building Association) renamed Miss Bikini International to Ms Universe. In 1986, the Ms Universe competition was divided into two sections – "physique" (for a more muscular physique) and "figure" (traditional feminine presentation in high heels).<a href="#cite_note-grogan-215">[215]</a> In November 2010 the IFBBF (International Federation of BodyBuilding & Fitness) introduced a women's bikini contest for women who do not wish to build their muscles to figure competition levels.<a href="#cite_note-216">[216]</a> Costumes are regulation "posing trunks" (bikini briefs) for both men and women.<a href="#cite_note-217">[217]</a> <a href="/wiki/Female_bodybuilder" class="mw-redirect" title="Female bodybuilder">Female bodybuilders</a> in America are prohibited from wearing thongs or T-back swimsuits in contests filmed for television, though they are allowed to do so by certain fitness organizations in closed events.<a href="#cite_note-lowe-214">[214]</a> For men, the dress code specifies "swim trunks only (no shorts, cut-off pants, or Speedos)." <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_sports">Other sports</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bikini&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Other sports">edit</a>]</div> Women in <a href="/wiki/Sport_of_athletics" title="Sport of athletics">athletics</a> often wear bikinis of similar size as those worn in <a href="/wiki/Beach_volleyball" title="Beach volleyball">beach volleyball</a>. <a href="/wiki/Amy_Acuff" title="Amy Acuff">Amy Acuff</a>, a US high-jumper, wore a black leather bikini instead of a track suit at the <a href="/wiki/2000_Summer_Olympics" title="2000 Summer Olympics">2000 Summer Olympics</a>.<a href="#cite_note-218">[218]</a> Runner <a href="/wiki/Florence_Griffith-Joyner" class="mw-redirect" title="Florence Griffith-Joyner">Florence Griffith-Joyner</a> mixed bikini bottoms with one-legged <a href="/wiki/Tights" title="Tights">tights</a> at the <a href="/wiki/1988_Summer_Olympics" title="1988 Summer Olympics">1988 Summer Olympics</a>, earning her more attention than her record-breaking performance in the women's 200 meters event.<a href="#cite_note-219">[219]</a> In the 2007 <a href="/wiki/South_Pacific_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="South Pacific Games">South Pacific Games</a>, the rules were adjusted to allow players to wear less revealing shorts and cropped sports tops instead of bikinis.<a href="#cite_note-220">[220]</a> At the <a href="/wiki/2006_Asian_Games" title="2006 Asian Games">2006 Asian Games</a>, organizers banned bikini-bottoms for female athletes and asked them to wear long shorts.<a href="#cite_note-221">[221]</a> String bikinis and other revealing clothes are common in <a href="/wiki/Surfing" title="Surfing">surfing</a>, though most surfing bikinis are more robust with more coverage than sunning bikinis.<a href="#cite_note-222">[222]</a><a href="#cite_note-223">[223]</a> <a href="/wiki/Surfing_Magazine" title="Surfing Magazine">Surfing Magazine</a> printed a pictorial of <a href="/wiki/Kymberly_Herrin" class="mw-redirect" title="Kymberly Herrin">Kymberly Herrin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Playboy_Playmate" title="Playboy Playmate">Playboy Playmate</a> March 1981, surfing in a revealing bikini, and eventually started an annual bikini issue.<a href="#cite_note-224">[224]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Surfing_Professionals" class="mw-redirect" title="Association of Surfing Professionals">Association of Surfing Professionals</a> often pairs female surf meets with <a href="/wiki/Bikini_contests" class="mw-redirect" title="Bikini contests">bikini contests</a>, an issue that divides the female pro-surfing community into two parts.<a href="#cite_note-225">[225]</a> It has often been more profitable to win the bikini contest than the female surfing event.<a href="#cite_note-226">[226]</a> In 2021, the <a href="/wiki/Norway_women%27s_national_beach_handball_team" title="Norway women's national beach handball team">Norway women's national beach handball team</a> was fined €1500 for being improperly dressed after the women wore <a href="/wiki/Cycling_shorts" title="Cycling shorts">bike shorts</a> instead of bikini bottoms at a European championship match in Bulgaria.<a href="#cite_note-227">[227]</a> Critics derided the fine and the underlying rule. Norway's minister for culture and sport <a href="/wiki/Abid_Raja" title="Abid Raja">Abid Raja</a> described the fine as being "completely ridiculous". Former tennis champion <a href="/wiki/Billie_Jean_King" title="Billie Jean King">Billie Jean King</a> supported the team tweeting "The sexualisation of women athletes must stop".<a href="#cite_note-228">[228]</a><a href="#cite_note-229">[229]</a> Although the <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Handball_Federation" title="Norwegian Handball Federation">Norwegian Handball Federation</a> announced they would pay the fines, pop singer <a href="/wiki/Pink_(singer)" title="Pink (singer)">Pink</a> offered to pay for them.<a href="#cite_note-230">[230]</a> Later, in November 2021, the <a href="/wiki/International_Handball_Federation" title="International Handball Federation">International Handball Federation</a> changed their dress rules to allow female players to wear some kinds of shorts, specifying "Female athletes must wear short tight pants with a close fit".<a href="#cite_note-231">[231]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Body_ideals">Body ideals</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bikini&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Body ideals">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Body_image" title="Body image">Body image</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bikini_contest" class="mw-redirect" title="Bikini contest">Bikini contest</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Elle_Macpherson_Intimates_Gentle_Jade.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Elle_Macpherson_Intimates_Gentle_Jade.jpg/220px-Elle_Macpherson_Intimates_Gentle_Jade.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Elle_Macpherson_Intimates_Gentle_Jade.jpg/330px-Elle_Macpherson_Intimates_Gentle_Jade.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Elle_Macpherson_Intimates_Gentle_Jade.jpg/440px-Elle_Macpherson_Intimates_Gentle_Jade.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3600" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption>Six-time <a href="/wiki/Sports_Illustrated_Swimsuit_Issue" title="Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue">Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue</a> cover model <a href="/wiki/Elle_Macpherson" title="Elle Macpherson">Elle Macpherson</a>,<a href="#cite_note-AgeL-5">[5]</a> nicknamed "The Body" by <a href="/wiki/Time_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Time Magazine">Time</a>,<a href="#cite_note-kugelmacpherson-232">[232]</a> epitomized the bikini body ideal (but note this is not an image of Elle McPherson, but seems to be a photo of one of her lingerie products) <a href="#cite_note-233">[233]</a><a href="#cite_note-234">[234]</a></figcaption></figure> In 1950, American swimsuit mogul Fred Cole, owner of Cole of California, told <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a> that bikinis were designed for "diminutive Gallic women", as because "French girls have short legs... swimsuits have to be hiked up at the sides to make their legs look longer."<a href="#cite_note-heritage-37">[37]</a> In 1961, <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> reported the opinion that the bikini is permissible for people who are not "too fat or too thin".<a href="#cite_note-235">[235]</a> In the 1960s etiquette writer <a href="/wiki/Emily_Post" title="Emily Post">Emily Post</a> decreed that "[A bikini] is for perfect figures only, and for the very young."<a href="#cite_note-Slate-236">[236]</a> In The Bikini Book by <a href="/wiki/Kelly_Killoren_Bensimon" title="Kelly Killoren Bensimon">Kelly Killoren Bensimon</a>, swimwear designer <a href="/wiki/Norma_Kamali" title="Norma Kamali">Norma Kamali</a> says, "Anyone with a tummy" should not wear a bikini.<a href="#cite_note-Slate-236">[236]</a> Since then, a number of bikini designers including Malia Mills have encouraged women of all ages and body types to take up the style.<a href="#cite_note-237">[237]</a> The 1970s saw the rise of the <a href="/wiki/The_Thin_Ideal" class="mw-redirect" title="The Thin Ideal">lean ideal</a> of female body and figures like <a href="/wiki/Cheryl_Tiegs" title="Cheryl Tiegs">Cheryl Tiegs</a>. Her figure remained in vogue in the 21st century.<a href="#cite_note-238">[238]</a> The fitness boom of the 1980s led to one of the biggest leaps in the evolution of the bikini. According to Mills, "The leg line became superhigh, the front was superlow, and the straps were superthin."<a href="#cite_note-239">[239]</a> Women's magazines used terms like "Bikini Belly",<a href="#cite_note-240">[240]</a> and workout programs were launched to develop a "bikini-worthy body".<a href="#cite_note-241">[241]</a> The tiny "fitness-bikinis" made of <a href="/wiki/Lycra" class="mw-redirect" title="Lycra">lycra</a> were launched to cater to this hardbodied ideal.<a href="#cite_note-242">[242]</a> Movies like <a href="/wiki/Blue_Crush" title="Blue Crush">Blue Crush</a> and TV <a href="/wiki/Reality_show" class="mw-redirect" title="Reality show">reality shows</a> like <a href="/wiki/Surf_Girls" title="Surf Girls">Surf Girls</a> merged the concepts of bikini models and athletes together, further accentuating the toned body ideal.<a href="#cite_note-GCulture-243">[243]</a> Motivated by yearly <a href="/wiki/Spring_Break" class="mw-redirect" title="Spring Break">Spring Break</a> festivities that mark the start of the bikini season in North America,<a href="#cite_note-244">[244]</a> many women diet in an attempt to achieve the ideal bikini body; some take this to extremes including self-starvation, leading to <a href="/wiki/Eating_disorders" class="mw-redirect" title="Eating disorders">eating disorders</a>.<a href="#cite_note-GCulture-243">[243]</a> In 1993, <a href="/wiki/Suzy_Menkes" title="Suzy Menkes">Suzy Menkes</a>, then Fashion Editor of the <a href="/wiki/International_Herald_Tribune" title="International Herald Tribune">International Herald Tribune</a>, suggested that women had begun to "revolt" against the "body ideal" and bikini "exposure." She wrote, "Significantly, on the beaches as on the streets, some of the youngest and prettiest women (who were once the only ones who dared to bare) seem to have decided that exposure is over."<a href="#cite_note-menkes-98">[98]</a> Nevertheless, professional beach volleyball player <a href="/wiki/Gabrielle_Reece" title="Gabrielle Reece">Gabrielle Reece</a>, who competes in a bikini, claims that "confidence" alone can make a bikini sexy.<a href="#cite_note-Slate-236">[236]</a> One survey commissioned by Diet Chef, a UK home delivery service, reported by The <a href="/wiki/Today_(U.S._TV_program)" class="mw-redirect" title="Today (U.S. TV program)">Today Show</a> and ridiculed by <a href="/wiki/More_(magazine)" title="More (magazine)">More</a> magazine, showed that women should stop wearing bikinis by the age of 47.<a href="#cite_note-245">[245]</a><a href="#cite_note-246">[246]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bikini_underwear">Bikini underwear</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bikini&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Bikini underwear">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Briefs#Design" title="Briefs">Briefs § Design</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Underwear_as_outerwear" title="Underwear as outerwear">Underwear as outerwear</a></div> Certain types of underwear are described as bikini underwear and are designed for men and women. For women, bikini or bikini-style underwear is underwear that is similar in size and form to a regular bikini. It can refer to virtually any undergarment that provides less coverage to the <a href="/wiki/Midriff" title="Midriff">midriff</a> than <a href="/wiki/Lingerie" title="Lingerie">lingerie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Panties" title="Panties">panties</a> or knickers,<a href="#cite_note-247">[247]</a> especially suited to clothing such as <a href="/wiki/Crop_top" title="Crop top">crop tops</a>. For men, <a href="/wiki/Briefs#Design" title="Briefs">bikini briefs</a> are <a href="/wiki/Underpants" title="Underpants">underpants</a> that resemble women's bikini bottoms, being smaller and more revealing than men's classic <a href="/wiki/Briefs" title="Briefs">briefs</a>. Men's bikini briefs can be low- or high-side that are usually lower than the true waist, often at hips, and usually have no access pouch or flap, nor leg bands at tops of thighs.<a href="#cite_note-248">[248]</a> String bikini briefs have front and rear sections that meet in the crotch but not at the waistband, with no fabric on the side of the legs.<a href="#cite_note-249">[249]</a> Swimwear and underwear have similar design considerations, both being <a href="/wiki/Form-fitting_garment" title="Form-fitting garment">form-fitting garments</a>. The main difference is that, unlike underwear, swimwear is open to public view.<a href="#cite_note-250">[250]</a> The swimsuit was, and is, following underwear styles,<a href="#cite_note-251">[251]</a> and at about the same time that attitudes towards the bikini began to change, underwear underwent a redesign towards a minimal, unboned design that emphasized comfort first.<a href="#cite_note-252">[252]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History_2">History</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bikini&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:258px;max-width:258px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader">Women's underwear</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:122px;max-width:122px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Barcley_custom_corsets15.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Barcley_custom_corsets15.jpg/120px-Barcley_custom_corsets15.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Barcley_custom_corsets15.jpg/180px-Barcley_custom_corsets15.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Barcley_custom_corsets15.jpg/240px-Barcley_custom_corsets15.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1816" data-file-height="2614" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">1927</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:132px;max-width:132px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Female_model_A_03.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Female_model_A_03.JPG/130px-Female_model_A_03.JPG" decoding="async" width="130" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Female_model_A_03.JPG/195px-Female_model_A_03.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Female_model_A_03.JPG/260px-Female_model_A_03.JPG 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">2013</div></div></div></div></div> As the swimsuit was evolving, underwear also started to change. Between 1900 and 1940, swimsuit lengths followed the changes in underwear designs.<a href="#cite_note-253">[253]</a> In the 1920s women started discarding the corset, while the Cadole company of Paris started developing something they called the "breast girdle".<a href="#cite_note-napol-254">[254]</a> During the Great Depression, panties and bras became softly constructed and were made of various elasticized yarns making underwear fit like a second skin. By the 1930s underwear styles for both women and men were influenced by the new brief models of swimwear from Europe. Although the waistband was still above the navel, the leg openings of the panty brief were cut in an arc to rise from the crotch to the hip joint. The brief served as a template for most variations of panties for the rest of the century.<a href="#cite_note-ddhills-255">[255]</a> Warner standardized the concept of <a href="/wiki/Cup_size" class="mw-redirect" title="Cup size">Cup size</a> in 1935. The first underwire bra was developed in 1938.<a href="#cite_note-napol-254">[254]</a> Beginning in the late thirties, skants, a type of skanty men's briefs, were introduced, featuring very high-cut leg openings and a lower rise to the waistband.<a href="#cite_note-ddhills-255">[255]</a> <a href="/wiki/Howard_Hughes" title="Howard Hughes">Howard Hughes</a> designed a push-up bra to be worn by <a href="/wiki/Jane_Russell" title="Jane Russell">Jane Russell</a> in <a href="/wiki/The_Outlaw" title="The Outlaw">The Outlaw</a> in 1943, although Russell stated in interviews that she never wore the 'contraption'. In 1950 <a href="/wiki/Maidenform" title="Maidenform">Maidenform</a> introduced the first official bust enhancing bra.<a href="#cite_note-napol-254">[254]</a> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Bikini_brief.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Male bikini briefs"><img alt="Male bikini briefs" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Bikini_brief.jpg/200px-Bikini_brief.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Bikini_brief.jpg/300px-Bikini_brief.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Bikini_brief.jpg 2x" data-file-width="371" data-file-height="233" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Male bikini briefs</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/File:BikiniBottom-red-20030625.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Female bikini briefs"><img alt="Female bikini briefs" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/BikiniBottom-red-20030625.jpg/200px-BikiniBottom-red-20030625.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/BikiniBottom-red-20030625.jpg/300px-BikiniBottom-red-20030625.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/BikiniBottom-red-20030625.jpg 2x" data-file-width="359" data-file-height="260" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Female bikini briefs </div> </li> </ul> By the 1960s, the bikini swimsuit influenced panty styles and coincided with the cut of the new lower rise jeans and pants.<a href="#cite_note-ddhills-255">[255]</a> In the seventies, with the emergence of skintight jeans, thong versions of the panty became mainstream, since the open, stringed back eliminated any tell-tale panty lines across the rear and hips. By the 1980s the design of the French-cut panty pushed the waistband back up to the natural waistline and the rise of the leg openings was nearly as high (French Cut panties come up to the waist, has a high cut leg, and usually are full in the rear<a href="#cite_note-256">[256]</a>). As with the bra and other type of lingerie, manufacturers of the last quarter of the century marketed panty styles that were designed primarily for their sexual allure.<a href="#cite_note-ddhills-255">[255]</a> From this decade sexualization and eroticization of the male body was on the rise. The male body was celebrated through advertising campaigns for brands such as <a href="/wiki/Calvin_Klein" title="Calvin Klein">Calvin Klein</a>, particularly by photographers <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Weber_(photographer)" title="Bruce Weber (photographer)">Bruce Weber</a> and <a href="/wiki/Herb_Ritts" title="Herb Ritts">Herb Ritts</a>.<a href="#cite_note-schmidt-257">[257]</a> Male bodies and men's undergarments were commodified and packaged for mass consumption, and swimwear and sportswear were influenced by sports photography and fitness.<a href="#cite_note-schmidt-257">[257]</a> Over time, swimwear evolved from weighty wool to high-tech <a href="/wiki/Skin-tight_garment" title="Skin-tight garment">skin-tight garments</a>, eventually cross-breeding with sportswear, underwear and exercise wear, resulting in the interchangeable fashions of the 1990s.<a href="#cite_note-258">[258]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Men's_bikini">Men's bikini</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bikini&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Men's bikini">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Albert_Cordina_1_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Albert_Cordina_1_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Albert_Cordina_1_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Albert_Cordina_1_%28cropped%29.jpg/180px-Albert_Cordina_1_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Albert_Cordina_1_%28cropped%29.jpg/240px-Albert_Cordina_1_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="443" data-file-height="736" /></a><figcaption>Men's bikini</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Mankini.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/The_Mankini.jpg/220px-The_Mankini.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/The_Mankini.jpg/330px-The_Mankini.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/The_Mankini.jpg/440px-The_Mankini.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>Mankini</figcaption></figure> The term men's bikini is sometimes used to describe <a href="/wiki/Swim_briefs" title="Swim briefs">swim briefs</a>. Men's bikinis can have high or low side panels, and string sides or tie sides. Most lack a button or flap front. Unlike swim briefs, bikinis are not designed for drag reduction and generally lack a visible waistband. Suits less than 1.5 inches wide at the hips are less common for sporting purposes and are most often worn for recreation, fashion, and <a href="/wiki/Sun_tanning" title="Sun tanning">sun tanning</a>. The posing brief standard to <a href="/wiki/Bodybuilding" title="Bodybuilding">bodybuilding</a> competitions is an example of this style. Male <a href="/wiki/Punk_rock" title="Punk rock">punk rock</a> musicians have performed on stage wearing bikini briefs.<a href="#cite_note-259">[259]</a> The 2000 <a href="/wiki/Bollywood" class="mw-redirect" title="Bollywood">Bollywood</a> film <a href="/wiki/Hera_Pheri_(2000_film)" title="Hera Pheri (2000 film)">Hera Pheri</a> shows men sunbathing in bikinis, who were mistakenly believed to be women from a distance.<a href="#cite_note-260">[260]</a> Male bikini tops also exist and are often used as <a href="/wiki/Visual_gag" title="Visual gag">visual gags</a>.<a href="#cite_note-261">[261]</a> A mankini is a type of <a href="/wiki/Sling_swimsuit" title="Sling swimsuit">sling swimsuit</a> worn by men. The term is inspired by the word bikini.<a href="#cite_note-262">[262]</a> It was popularized by English comedian <a href="/wiki/Sacha_Baron_Cohen" title="Sacha Baron Cohen">Sacha Baron Cohen</a> when he donned one for comic effect in the film <a href="/wiki/Borat" title="Borat">Borat</a>.<a href="#cite_note-263">[263]</a> <div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bikini_waxing">Bikini waxing</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bikini&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Bikini waxing">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bikini_waxing" title="Bikini waxing">Bikini waxing</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:312px;max-width:312px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader">Bikini waxing styles<a href="#cite_note-272">[a]</a></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:102px;max-width:102px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Bikini_lines.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Bikini_lines.jpg/100px-Bikini_lines.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Bikini_lines.jpg/150px-Bikini_lines.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Bikini_lines.jpg/200px-Bikini_lines.jpg 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="419" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">American waxing (also: triangle, regular)</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:102px;max-width:102px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Landing_strip.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Landing_strip.svg/100px-Landing_strip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Landing_strip.svg/150px-Landing_strip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Landing_strip.svg/200px-Landing_strip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="480" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">French waxing (also: Mohican, landing strip)</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:102px;max-width:102px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Brazilian_hollywood.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Brazilian_hollywood.jpg/100px-Brazilian_hollywood.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Brazilian_hollywood.jpg/150px-Brazilian_hollywood.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Brazilian_hollywood.jpg/200px-Brazilian_hollywood.jpg 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="419" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Brazilian waxing (also: Hollywood, full monty)</div></div></div></div></div> Bikini waxing is the <a href="/wiki/Hair_removal" title="Hair removal">epilation</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pubic_hair" title="Pubic hair">pubic hair</a> beyond the bikini line by use of <a href="/wiki/Waxing" title="Waxing">waxing</a>. The bikini line delineates the part of a woman's pubic area to be covered by the bottom part of a bikini, which means any pubic hair visible beyond the boundaries of a swimsuit.<a href="#cite_note-Embod1-273">[272]</a> Visible pubic hair is widely culturally disapproved, considered to be <a href="/wiki/Embarrassment" title="Embarrassment">embarrassing</a>, and often removed.<a href="#cite_note-Embod1-273">[272]</a> As popularity of bikinis grew, the acceptability of pubic hair diminished.<a href="#cite_note-Han-274">[273]</a> But, with certain styles of women's swimwear, pubic hair may become visible around the <a href="/wiki/Crotch" title="Crotch">crotch</a> area of a <a href="/wiki/Swimsuit" title="Swimsuit">swimsuit</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Embod1-273">[272]</a> With the reduction in the size of swimsuits, especially since the advent of the bikini after 1945, the practice of bikini waxing has also become popular.<a href="#cite_note-Embod1-273">[272]</a> The Brazilian style which became popular with the rise of thong bottoms.<a href="#cite_note-heinz-275">[274]</a> Depending on the style of bikini-bottom and the amount of skin visible outside the bikini,<a href="#cite_note-heinz-275">[274]</a> pubic hair may be styled into several styles:<a href="#cite_note-milady-264">[264]</a><a href="#cite_note-essort-265">[265]</a><a href="#cite_note-BrBi-266">[266]</a> American waxing (removal of pubic hair from the sides, top of the thighs, and under the navel), French waxing (leaving only a vertical strip in front), or Brazilian waxing (removal of all hair in the pelvic area, particularly suitable for <a href="/wiki/Thong" title="Thong">thong</a> bottoms).<a href="#cite_note-276">[275]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bikini_tan">Bikini tan</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bikini&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Bikini tan">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tan_lines_on_human_female_chest.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Tan_lines_on_human_female_chest.jpg/170px-Tan_lines_on_human_female_chest.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Tan_lines_on_human_female_chest.jpg/255px-Tan_lines_on_human_female_chest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Tan_lines_on_human_female_chest.jpg/340px-Tan_lines_on_human_female_chest.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2133" data-file-height="1318" /></a><figcaption>Tan lines created by the wearing of a bikini</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Sun_tanning" title="Sun tanning">Sun tanning</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tan_line" title="Tan line">Tan line</a></div> The tan lines created by the wearing of a bikini while tanning are known as a bikini tan. These tan lines separate pale breasts, crotch, and buttocks from otherwise tanned skin.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-277">[276]</a> Prominent bikini tan lines were popular in the 1990s,<a href="#cite_note-278">[277]</a> and a spa in Brazil started offering perfect bikini tan lines using <a href="/wiki/Masking_tape" title="Masking tape">masking tapes</a> in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-279">[278]</a> As bikini-style swimsuits leave most of the body exposed to potentially dangerous <a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet" title="Ultraviolet">UV</a> radiation, overexposure can cause <a href="/wiki/Sunburn" title="Sunburn">sunburn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Skin_cancer" title="Skin cancer">skin cancer</a>, as well as other acute and chronic <a href="/wiki/Health_effects_of_sun_exposure" class="mw-redirect" title="Health effects of sun exposure">health effects</a> on the skin, eyes, and <a href="/wiki/Immune_system" title="Immune system">immune system</a>.<a href="#cite_note-280">[279]</a> As a result, medical organizations recommend that bikini wearers protect themselves from UV radiation by using broad-spectrum <a href="/wiki/Sunscreen" title="Sunscreen">sunscreen</a>, which has been shown to protect against sunburn, skin cancer,<a href="#cite_note-281">[280]</a> wrinkling and sagging skin.<a href="#cite_note-282">[281]</a> A 1969 innovation of tan-through swimwear uses fabric which is perforated with thousands of micro holes that are nearly invisible to the naked eye, but which let enough sunlight through to produce a line-free tan.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-277">[276]</a><a href="#cite_note-283">[282]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bikini&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/BathingSuit1920s.jpg/32px-BathingSuit1920s.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/BathingSuit1920s.jpg/48px-BathingSuit1920s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/BathingSuit1920s.jpg/64px-BathingSuit1920s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="490" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Fashion" title="Portal:Fashion">Fashion portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_views_on_the_navel" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultural views on the navel">Cultural views on the navel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bikini_in_popular_culture" title="Bikini in popular culture">Bikini in popular culture</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bikini&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist 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cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free 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CONELRAD Adjacent.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Atomic+Goddess+Revisited&rft.pub=CONELRAD+Adjacent&rft.date=2013-08-19&rft.aulast=Geerhart&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fconelrad.blogspot.com%2F2013%2F08%2Fatomic-goddess-revisited-rita-hayworths.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown2013" class="citation journal cs1">Brown, Steve (April 2013). "Archaeology of brutal encounter: Heritage and bomb testing on Bikini Atoll, Republic of the Marshall Islands". Archaeology in Oceania. 48 (1): 26–39. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Farco.5000">10.1002/arco.5000</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archaeology+in+Oceania&rft.atitle=Archaeology+of+brutal+encounter%3A+Heritage+and+bomb+testing+on+Bikini+Atoll%2C+Republic+of+the+Marshall+Islands&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=26-39&rft.date=2013-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Farco.5000&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Steve&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGold2009" class="citation book cs1">Gold, David L. 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Universidad de Alicante. pp. 100–101. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-7908-517-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-7908-517-9"><bdi>978-84-7908-517-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Studies+in+Etymology+and+Etiology&rft.pages=100-101&rft.pub=Universidad+de+Alicante&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-84-7908-517-9&rft.aulast=Gold&rft.aufirst=David+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dl015C5vm1XkC%26pg%3DPA100&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlac2012" class="citation book cs1">Alac, Patrik (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SIj_GBl5sAoC&q=Rudi%20Gernreich%201964%20monokini&pg=PA68">Bikini Story</a>. Parkstone International. p. 68. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78042-951-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78042-951-9"><bdi>978-1-78042-951-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bikini+Story&rft.pages=68&rft.pub=Parkstone+International&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-78042-951-9&rft.aulast=Alac&rft.aufirst=Patrik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSIj_GBl5sAoC%26q%3DRudi%2520Gernreich%25201964%2520monokini%26pg%3DPA68&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGurmit_SinghIshtla_Singh2013" class="citation book cs1">Gurmit Singh; Ishtla Singh (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=taEnAAAAQBAJ&q=bikini%20latin%20prefix%20back%20formation&pg=PA13">The History of English</a>. Routledge. pp. 13–14. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4441-1924-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4441-1924-4"><bdi>978-1-4441-1924-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+English&rft.pages=13-14&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-4441-1924-4&rft.au=Gurmit+Singh&rft.au=Ishtla+Singh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtaEnAAAAQBAJ%26q%3Dbikini%2520latin%2520prefix%2520back%2520formation%26pg%3DPA13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSafire2004" class="citation book cs1">Safire, William (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/893687501">No Uncertain Terms: More Writing from the Popular "On Language" Column in The New York Times Magazine</a> (First Simon & Schuster ed.). New York: Simon & Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-4955-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-4955-3"><bdi>978-0-7432-4955-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/893687501">893687501</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=No+Uncertain+Terms%3A+More+Writing+from+the+Popular+%22On+Language%22+Column+in+The+New+York+Times+Magazine&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=First+Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F893687501&rft.isbn=978-0-7432-4955-3&rft.aulast=Safire&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F893687501&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDonnally1999" class="citation web cs1">Donnally, Trish (May 18, 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sfgate.com/entertainment/article/Inis-Are-In-Bikini-s-little-sisters-have-2930316.php">""Inis" Are In / Bikini's little sisters have their moment in the sun"</a>. SFGATE. Retrieved April 14, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SFGATE&rft.atitle=%22Inis%22+Are+In+%2F+Bikini%27s+little+sisters+have+their+moment+in+the+sun&rft.date=1999-05-18&rft.aulast=Donnally&rft.aufirst=Trish&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fentertainment%2Farticle%2FInis-Are-In-Bikini-s-little-sisters-have-2930316.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-barryJ-22">^ <a href="#cite_ref-barryJ_22-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-barryJ_22-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlake2007" class="citation book cs1">Blake, Barry J. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/608111359">Playing with words : humour in the English language</a>. London: Equinox Publishing. p. 59. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84553-577-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84553-577-3"><bdi>978-1-84553-577-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/608111359">608111359</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Playing+with+words+%3A+humour+in+the+English+language&rft.place=London&rft.pages=59&rft.pub=Equinox+Publishing&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F608111359&rft.isbn=978-1-84553-577-3&rft.aulast=Blake&rft.aufirst=Barry+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F608111359&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.articlearchives.com/humanities-social-science/language-languages/644034-1.html">The Language Report: The ultimate record of what we're saying and how we're saying it</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151005073022/http://www.articlearchives.com/humanities-social-science/language-languages/644034-1.html">Archived</a> October 5, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", Science News (from Article Archive), August 7, 2004 </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShontell2010" class="citation web cs1">Shontell, Alyson (September 17, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessinsider.com/15-words-you-had-no-idea-used-to-be-brand-names-2010-9?IR=T#bikini-2">"15 Words You Had No Idea Used To Be Brand Names | Bikini"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Business_Insider" title="Business Insider">Business Insider</a>. 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Oxford University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/classicalartfrom00bear/page/116">116</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-284237-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-284237-4"><bdi>978-0-19-284237-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Classical+Art&rft.pages=116&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-19-284237-4&rft.aulast=Beard&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft.au=Henderson%2C+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fclassicalartfrom00bear%2Fpage%2F116&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacDougallFeemster1979" class="citation book cs1">MacDougall, Elisabeth B.; Feemster, Wilhelmina Mary (1979). Ancient Roman Gardens. Dumbarton Oaks. p. 38. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88402-100-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88402-100-1"><bdi>978-0-88402-100-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Roman+Gardens&rft.pages=38&rft.pub=Dumbarton+Oaks&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=978-0-88402-100-1&rft.aulast=MacDougall&rft.aufirst=Elisabeth+B.&rft.au=Feemster%2C+Wilhelmina+Mary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-claud-35">^ <a href="#cite_ref-claud_35-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-claud_35-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKidwell2011" class="citation book cs1">Kidwell, Claudia (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/914179577">Women's Bathing and Swimming Costume in the United States</a>. Project Gutenberg. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/914179577">914179577</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women%27s+Bathing+and+Swimming+Costume+in+the+United+States&rft.pub=Project+Gutenberg&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F914179577&rft.aulast=Kidwell&rft.aufirst=Claudia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fworldcat.org%2Foclc%2F914179577&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConor2004" class="citation book cs1">Conor, Liz (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/53223617">The spectacular modern woman : feminine visibility in the 1920s</a>. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-253-34391-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-253-34391-7"><bdi>0-253-34391-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/53223617">53223617</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+spectacular+modern+woman+%3A+feminine+visibility+in+the+1920s&rft.place=Bloomington&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F53223617&rft.isbn=0-253-34391-7&rft.aulast=Conor&rft.aufirst=Liz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F53223617&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-heritage-37">^ <a href="#cite_ref-heritage_37-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-heritage_37-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-heritage_37-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-heritage_37-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-heritage_37-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-heritage_37-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-heritage_37-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-heritage_37-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-heritage_37-8">i</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoover,_Elizabeth_D.2006" class="citation web cs1">Hoover, Elizabeth D. (July 5, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070909195749/http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/web/20060705-bikini-swimming-suit-louis-reard-micheline-bernardini-paris-brigitte-bardot.shtml">"60 Years of Bikinis"</a>. American Heritage Inc. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/web/20060705-bikini-swimming-suit-louis-reard-micheline-bernardini-paris-brigitte-bardot.shtml">the original</a> on September 9, 2007. Retrieved November 13, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=60+Years+of+Bikinis&rft.pub=American+Heritage+Inc.&rft.date=2006-07-05&rft.au=Hoover%2C+Elizabeth+D.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanheritage.com%2Farticles%2Fweb%2F20060705-bikini-swimming-suit-louis-reard-micheline-bernardini-paris-brigitte-bardot.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-sydelle-38">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sydelle_38-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-sydelle_38-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSydelle2011" class="citation web cs1">Sydelle, John (August 13, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://smallbusiness.chron.com/swimsuit-industry-18779.html">"The Swimsuit Industry"</a>. The Houston Chronicle. Retrieved August 29, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Houston+Chronicle&rft.atitle=The+Swimsuit+Industry&rft.date=2011-08-13&rft.aulast=Sydelle&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsmallbusiness.chron.com%2Fswimsuit-industry-18779.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kadolph-39"><a href="#cite_ref-Kadolph_39-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKadolphLangford2001" class="citation book cs1">Kadolph, Sara J.; Langford, Anna (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/45136560">Textiles</a> (9th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-13-025443-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-13-025443-6"><bdi>0-13-025443-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/45136560">45136560</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Textiles&rft.place=Upper+Saddle+River%2C+NJ&rft.edition=9th&rft.pub=Prentice+Hall&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F45136560&rft.isbn=0-13-025443-6&rft.aulast=Kadolph&rft.aufirst=Sara+J.&rft.au=Langford%2C+Anna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F45136560&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilcox2008" class="citation book cs1">Wilcox, R. Turner (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/227923344">The mode in costume : a historical survey with 202 plates</a>. Mineola, N.Y.: Dover Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-486-46820-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-486-46820-4"><bdi>978-0-486-46820-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/227923344">227923344</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+mode+in+costume+%3A+a+historical+survey+with+202+plates&rft.place=Mineola%2C+N.Y.&rft.pub=Dover+Publications&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F227923344&rft.isbn=978-0-486-46820-4&rft.aulast=Wilcox&rft.aufirst=R.+Turner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F227923344&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Bronwyn_Labrum" title="Bronwyn Labrum">Bronwyn Labrum</a>, Fiona McKergow and Stephanie Gibson, Looking Flash, page 166, Auckland University Press, 2007, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86940-397-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86940-397-3">978-1-86940-397-3</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.filmsite.org/sexinfilms6.html">"Sex in Cinema: 1933 Greatest and Most Influential Erotic / Sexual Films and Scenes"</a>. www.filmsite.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.filmsite.org&rft.atitle=Sex+in+Cinema%3A+1933+Greatest+and+Most+Influential+Erotic+%2F+Sexual+Films+and+Scenes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.filmsite.org%2Fsexinfilms6.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-girl-43"><a href="#cite_ref-girl_43-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClaudia_MitchellJacqueline_Reid-Walsh2008" class="citation book cs1">Claudia Mitchell; Jacqueline Reid-Walsh (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=arQy0v_PBx4C&pg=PA225">Girl Culture: Studying girl culture : a readers' guide Volume 1 of Girl Culture: An Encyclopedia</a>. ABC-CLIO. pp. 434–435. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-33909-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-33909-7"><bdi>978-0-313-33909-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Girl+Culture%3A+Studying+girl+culture+%3A+a+readers%27+guide+Volume+1+of+Girl+Culture%3A+An+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=434-435&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-313-33909-7&rft.au=Claudia+Mitchell&rft.au=Jacqueline+Reid-Walsh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DarQy0v_PBx4C%26pg%3DPA225&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-notting-44"><a href="#cite_ref-notting_44-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSandhu2003" class="citation news cs1">Sandhu, David (August 4, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/sunandsea/728059/Nottingham-Bathed-in-nostalgia.html">"Nottingham: Bathed in nostalgia"</a>. The Telegraph. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/sunandsea/728059/Nottingham-Bathed-in-nostalgia.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 11, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Nottingham%3A+Bathed+in+nostalgia&rft.date=2003-08-04&rft.aulast=Sandhu&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Ftravel%2Fsunandsea%2F728059%2FNottingham-Bathed-in-nostalgia.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amhistory.si.edu/militaryhistory/printable/section.asp?id=9&sub=3">"World War II"</a>. The Price of Freedom: Americans at War. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved August 30, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Price+of+Freedom%3A+Americans+at+War&rft.atitle=World+War+II&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Famhistory.si.edu%2Fmilitaryhistory%2Fprintable%2Fsection.asp%3Fid%3D9%26sub%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-history-46">^ <a href="#cite_ref-history_46-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_46-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_46-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_46-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/bikini-introduced">"Bikini introduced - Jul 05, 1946"</a>. HISTORY.com. Retrieved May 16, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HISTORY.com&rft.atitle=Bikini+introduced+-+Jul+05%2C+1946&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2Fthis-day-in-history%2Fbikini-introduced&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-fashionencyc-47"><a href="#cite_ref-fashionencyc_47-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fashionencyclopedia.com/fashion_costume_culture/Modern-World-1946-1960/Bikini.html">"Bikini"</a>. Fashion Encyclopedia. Retrieved August 30, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bikini&rft.pub=Fashion+Encyclopedia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fashionencyclopedia.com%2Ffashion_costume_culture%2FModern-World-1946-1960%2FBikini.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gunn-48">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gunn_48-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gunn_48-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gunn_48-2">c</a> Tim Gunn, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pWG9AAAAQBAJ">Tim Gunn's Fashion Bible: The Fascinating History of Everything in Your Closet</a>, page 25, Simon & Schuster, 2013, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4516-4386-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4516-4386-2">978-1-4516-4386-2</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> Patrik Alac, Bikini Story, page 31, Parkstone International, 2012, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78042-951-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78042-951-9">978-1-78042-951-9</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> Claudia Mitchell and Jacqueline Reid-Walsh, Girl Culture: An Encyclopedia (vol. 1), page 182, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2007, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-08444-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-08444-7">978-0-313-08444-7</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> Rod E. Keays, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NLszBcSEdLYC&pg=PA109">The Naturally Good Man</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125233959/https://books.google.com/books?id=NLszBcSEdLYC&pg=PA109">Archived</a> November 25, 2022, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, page 109, Trafford Publishing, 2012, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4669-1924-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4669-1924-2">978-1-4669-1924-2</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> James Gilbert Ryan and Leonard C. Schlup, Historical Dictionary of the 1940s, page 50, M.E. Sharpe, 2006, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7656-2107-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7656-2107-8">978-0-7656-2107-8</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> Bobby Mercer, ManVentions, page 194, Adams Media, 2011, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4405-1074-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4405-1074-8">978-1-4405-1074-8</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> Kelly Killoren Bensimon, The Bikini Book, page 18, Thames & Hudson, 2006, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-500-51316-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-500-51316-3">978-0-500-51316-3</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-TimA-55"><a href="#cite_ref-TimA_55-0">^</a> Adam Sage, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/europe/article705414.ece">Happy birthday: the 'shocking and immoral' bikini hits 60</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">dead link</a>‍]", <a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a>, April 16, 2006 </li> <li id="cite_note-femmes-56"><a href="#cite_ref-femmes_56-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.journaldesfemmes.com/mode/0606-bikini/anniversaire.shtml">"Le Bikini souffle ses 60 bougies !"</a>. www.journaldesfemmes.com (in French). Retrieved May 17, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.journaldesfemmes.com&rft.atitle=Le+Bikini+souffle+ses+60+bougies+%21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.journaldesfemmes.com%2Fmode%2F0606-bikini%2Fanniversaire.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-navy-57"><a href="#cite_ref-navy_57-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.navy.mil/faqs/faq76-1.htm">"Operation Crossroads: Fact Sheet"</a>. Department of the Navy—Naval History and Heritage Command. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121024121304/http://www.history.navy.mil/faqs/faq76-1.htm">Archived</a> from the original on October 24, 2012. Retrieved August 13, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Operation+Crossroads%3A+Fact+Sheet&rft.pub=Department+of+the+Navy%E2%80%94Naval+History+and+Heritage+Command&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.navy.mil%2Ffaqs%2Ffaq76-1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWiesner2016" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Wiesner, Maria (July 5, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.faz.net/aktuell/stil/mode-design/der-bikini-feiert-70-jubilaeum-nach-erfindung-in-st-tropez-14323637.html">"70 Jahre Bikini: Vier Dreiecke und etwas Schnur"</a>. FAZ.NET (in German). Retrieved May 17, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FAZ.NET&rft.atitle=70+Jahre+Bikini%3A+Vier+Dreiecke+und+etwas+Schnur&rft.date=2016-07-05&rft.aulast=Wiesner&rft.aufirst=Maria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.faz.net%2Faktuell%2Fstil%2Fmode-design%2Fder-bikini-feiert-70-jubilaeum-nach-erfindung-in-st-tropez-14323637.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlac2012" class="citation book cs1">Alac, Patrik (2012). Bikini Story. New York: Parkstone International. p. 72. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78042-951-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78042-951-9"><bdi>978-1-78042-951-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bikini+Story&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=72&rft.pub=Parkstone+International&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-78042-951-9&rft.aulast=Alac&rft.aufirst=Patrik&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosebush" class="citation web cs1">Rosebush, Judson. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927084552/http://www.bikiniscience.com/chronology/1945-1950_SS/LR4601_S/LR4601.html">"Michele Bernadini: The First Bikini"</a>. Bikini Science. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bikiniscience.com/chronology/1945-1950_SS/LR4601_S/LR4601.html">the original</a> on September 27, 2007. Retrieved September 19, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bikini+Science&rft.atitle=Michele+Bernadini%3A+The+First+Bikini&rft.aulast=Rosebush&rft.aufirst=Judson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bikiniscience.com%2Fchronology%2F1945-1950_SS%2FLR4601_S%2FLR4601.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guard-61">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Guard_61-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guard_61-1">b</a> Paula Cocozza, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2006/jun/10/sttropez.filminspiredtravel.france.culturaltrips">A little piece of history</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080927104351/http://www.guardian.co.uk/travel/2006/jun/10/sttropez.filminspiredtravel.france.culturaltrips?gusrc=rss&feed=travel">Archived</a> September 27, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>, June 10, 2006 </li> <li id="cite_note-Lil-62"><a href="#cite_ref-Lil_62-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lilith-ezine.com/articles/2006/The-Bikini.html">The Bikini Turns 60</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160909175233/http://www.lilith-ezine.com/articles/2006/The-Bikini.html">Archived</a> September 9, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 1946 to 2006: 60 Years of Bikini Bathing Beauties, Lilith E-Zine </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Very_First_Bikini-63">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_Very_First_Bikini_63-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Very_First_Bikini_63-1">b</a> Judson Rosebush, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120627214541/http://bikiniscience.com/chronology/1945-1950_SS/1945-1950.html">"1945–1950: The Very First Bikini"</a>. Bikini Science. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bikiniscience.com//chronology/1945-1950_SS/1945-1950.html">the original</a> on June 27, 2012. Retrieved November 25, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bikini+Science&rft.atitle=1945%E2%80%931950%3A+The+Very+First+Bikini&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bikiniscience.com%2F%2Fchronology%2F1945-1950_SS%2F1945-1950.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMitchellReid-Walsh2008" class="citation book cs1">Mitchell, Claudia A.; Reid-Walsh, Jacqueline (2008). Girl Culture an Encyclopedia. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. p. 82. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-08444-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-08444-7"><bdi>978-0-313-08444-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Girl+Culture+an+Encyclopedia&rft.place=Westport%2C+Connecticut&rft.pages=82&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-313-08444-7&rft.aulast=Mitchell&rft.aufirst=Claudia+A.&rft.au=Reid-Walsh%2C+Jacqueline&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> Weisgall, Jonathan (1994), Operation Crossroads: The Atomic Tests at Bikini Atoll, pages 264–265, Naval Institute Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55750-919-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55750-919-2">978-1-55750-919-2</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> Valerie Steele, Encyclopedia of Clothing and Fashion, page 253, Charles Scribner's Sons, 2005, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-684-31397-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-684-31397-9">0-684-31397-9</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lena_Lenček_page_100-67"><a href="#cite_ref-Lena_Lenček_page_100_67-0">^</a> Lena Lenček, The Beach: The History of Paradise on Earth, page 100, Penguin Group (USA) Incorporated, 1999, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-027802-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-027802-6">978-0-14-027802-6</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-timesonline-68"><a href="#cite_ref-timesonline_68-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSage2006" class="citation news cs1">Sage, Adam (April 16, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/europe/article705414.ece">"Happy birthday: the 'shocking and immoral' bikini hits 60"</a>. The Times. London. Retrieved August 18, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Happy+birthday%3A+the+%27shocking+and+immoral%27+bikini+hits+60&rft.date=2006-04-16&rft.aulast=Sage&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesonline.co.uk%2Ftol%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Farticle705414.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> Christine Schmidt, The Swimsuit: Fashion from Poolside to Catwalk, page 2, Bloomsbury Academic, 2012, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85785-123-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-85785-123-3">0-85785-123-3</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> Louise Southerden, Surf's Up: The Girl's Guide to Surfing, page 14, Allen & Unwin, 2008, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-74176-831-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-74176-831-2">978-1-74176-831-2</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteinMeriwether2006" class="citation book cs1">Stein, Elissa; Meriwether, Lee (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/beautyqueenheres0000stei/page/45">Beauty Queen</a>. Chronicle Books. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/beautyqueenheres0000stei/page/45">45</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8118-4864-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8118-4864-0"><bdi>978-0-8118-4864-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beauty+Queen&rft.pages=45&rft.pub=Chronicle+Books&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-8118-4864-0&rft.aulast=Stein&rft.aufirst=Elissa&rft.au=Meriwether%2C+Lee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbeautyqueenheres0000stei%2Fpage%2F45&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDewey2008" class="citation book cs1">Dewey, Susan (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/makingmissindiam0000dewe/page/46">Making Miss India Miss World</a>. Syracuse University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/makingmissindiam0000dewe/page/46">46</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8156-3176-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8156-3176-7"><bdi>978-0-8156-3176-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Making+Miss+India+Miss+World&rft.pages=46&rft.pub=Syracuse+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-8156-3176-7&rft.aulast=Dewey&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmakingmissindiam0000dewe%2Fpage%2F46&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Keith_Lovegrove_1967-73"><a href="#cite_ref-Keith_Lovegrove_1967_73-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLovegrove2002" class="citation book cs1">Lovegrove, Keith (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/pageantbeautycon0000love/page/1967">Pageant: The Beauty Contest</a>. teNeues. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/pageantbeautycon0000love/page/1967">1967</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8238-5569-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8238-5569-9"><bdi>978-3-8238-5569-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pageant%3A+The+Beauty+Contest&rft.pages=1967&rft.pub=teNeues&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-3-8238-5569-9&rft.aulast=Lovegrove&rft.aufirst=Keith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpageantbeautycon0000love%2Fpage%2F1967&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-magnanti-74"><a href="#cite_ref-magnanti_74-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMagnanti2013" class="citation news cs1">Magnanti, Brooke (June 7, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/sex/10105935/Miss-World-2013-bikini-ban-why-its-no-victory-for-feminists.html">"Miss World bikini ban: why it's no victory for feminists"</a>. The Telegraph. Retrieved December 13, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Miss+World+bikini+ban%3A+why+it%27s+no+victory+for+feminists&rft.date=2013-06-07&rft.aulast=Magnanti&rft.aufirst=Brooke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fwomen%2Fsex%2F10105935%2FMiss-World-2013-bikini-ban-why-its-no-victory-for-feminists.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Selvedge: The Fabric of Your Life. Selvedge Ltd. 2005. p. 39.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Selvedge%3A+The+Fabric+of+Your+Life&rft.pages=39&rft.pub=Selvedge+Ltd.&rft.date=2005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> Kevin Rawlinson, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/international/three-miss-worlds-and-one-rugby-world-cup-2010996.html">Three Miss Worlds and one (rugby) World Cup</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215221346/https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/international/three-miss-worlds-and-one-rugby-world-cup-2010996.html">Archived</a> December 15, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", The Daily Telegraph, June 26, 2010 </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShin2004" class="citation book cs1">Shin, Han (2004). Beauty with a Purpose. iUniverse. p. 193. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-595-30926-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-595-30926-9"><bdi>978-0-595-30926-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beauty+with+a+Purpose&rft.pages=193&rft.pub=iUniverse&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-595-30926-9&rft.aulast=Shin&rft.aufirst=Han&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131013211809/http://www.bikiniscience.com//chronology/1950-1955_SS/1950-1955.html">"1950-1955: Navel Maneuvers – The Bikini Breakout"</a>. Bikini Science. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bikiniscience.com/chronology/1950-1955_SS/1950-1955.html">the original</a> on October 13, 2013. Retrieved December 13, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1950-1955%3A+Navel+Maneuvers+%E2%80%93+The+Bikini+Breakout&rft.pub=Bikini+Science&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bikiniscience.com%2Fchronology%2F1950-1955_SS%2F1950-1955.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-telegraph-79"><a href="#cite_ref-telegraph_79-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMagnanti2013" class="citation news cs1">Magnanti, Brooke (June 7, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/sex/10105935/Miss-World-2013-bikini-ban-why-its-no-victory-for-feminists.html">"Miss World bikini ban: why it's no victory for feminists"</a>. The Telegraph. London. Retrieved August 22, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Miss+World+bikini+ban%3A+why+it%27s+no+victory+for+feminists&rft.date=2013-06-07&rft.aulast=Magnanti&rft.aufirst=Brooke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fwomen%2Fsex%2F10105935%2FMiss-World-2013-bikini-ban-why-its-no-victory-for-feminists.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarcusDivine2005" class="citation book cs1">Marcus, Ben; Divine, Jeff (2005). Surfing USA!: An Illustrated History of the Coolest Sport of All Time. MVP Books. p. 60. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89658-690-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89658-690-1"><bdi>978-0-89658-690-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Surfing+USA%21%3A+An+Illustrated+History+of+the+Coolest+Sport+of+All+Time&rft.pages=60&rft.pub=MVP+Books&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-89658-690-1&rft.aulast=Marcus&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft.au=Divine%2C+Jeff&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140522065802/http://www.object.org.uk/campaigns/beauty-pageants">"Why OBJECT to Beauty Pageants?"</a>. object.org.uk. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.object.org.uk/campaigns/beauty-pageants">the original</a> on May 22, 2014. Retrieved May 1, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+OBJECT+to+Beauty+Pageants%3F&rft.pub=object.org.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.object.org.uk%2Fcampaigns%2Fbeauty-pageants&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-hicks-82"><a href="#cite_ref-hicks_82-0">^</a> Sara Hicks, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/local/stories/2008/05/19/2249403.htm">The mother of all cheeky bikinis</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120624071612/http://www.abc.net.au/local/stories/2008/05/19/2249403.htm">Archived</a> 24 June 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", ABC Gold Coast, 23 May 2008 </li> <li id="cite_note-stolz-83"><a href="#cite_ref-stolz_83-0">^</a> Greg Stolz, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.couriermail.com.au/life/shoppingfashion/bikini-queen-paula-stafford-turns-90/story-e6frer4o-1225878133378">Bikini queen Paula Stafford turns 90 </a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200314033846/https://www.couriermail.com.au/lifestyle/fashion/bikini-queen-paula-stafford-turns-90/news-story/c3bbbec98714c72aff184e353db47509?nk=f46201ee4382833b39ec931a649063d2-1584157125">Archived</a> 14 March 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", Courier-Mail, 10 June 2010 </li> <li id="cite_note-bikinicops-84"><a href="#cite_ref-bikinicops_84-0">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/gnt/history/Transcripts/s1193266.htm">Bikini Cops</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120903233545/http://www.abc.net.au/gnt/history/Transcripts/s1193266.htm">Archived</a> 3 September 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>" (Transcript), ABC (Australia), 6 September 2004 </li> <li id="cite_note-campbell-85"><a href="#cite_ref-campbell_85-0">^</a> Janet Campbell, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brisbanemodern.com.au/issue3-article.html">Paula Stafford (b 1920)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111228032536/http://www.brisbanemodern.com.au/issue3-article.html">Archived</a> 28 December 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", Brisbane Modern magazine, Issue 3 </li> <li id="cite_note-timehistory-86"><a href="#cite_ref-timehistory_86-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://content.time.com/time/photogallery/0,29307,1908353,00.html">"The History of the Bikini"</a>. Time. July 3, 2009. Retrieved August 17, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=The+History+of+the+Bikini&rft.date=2009-07-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.time.com%2Ftime%2Fphotogallery%2F0%2C29307%2C1908353%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> Lena Lanček and Gideon Bosker, Making Waves: Swimsuits and the Undressing of America, page 90, Chronicle Books, 1989, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87701-398-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87701-398-3">978-0-87701-398-3</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoseley2005" class="citation book cs1">Moseley, Rachel (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781844570683/page/136">Fashioning Film Stars: Dress, Culture, Identity</a>. BFI. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781844570683/page/136">136</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84457-067-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84457-067-6"><bdi>978-1-84457-067-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fashioning+Film+Stars%3A+Dress%2C+Culture%2C+Identity&rft.pages=136&rft.pub=BFI&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-84457-067-6&rft.aulast=Moseley&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9781844570683%2Fpage%2F136&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSalamone2001" class="citation book cs1">Salamone, Frank A. (2001). Popular Culture in the Fifties. University Press of America. p. 76. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7618-2103-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7618-2103-8"><bdi>978-0-7618-2103-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Popular+Culture+in+the+Fifties&rft.pages=76&rft.pub=University+Press+of+America&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-7618-2103-8&rft.aulast=Salamone&rft.aufirst=Frank+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSinger2017" class="citation web cs1">Singer, Melissa (January 12, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smh.com.au/lifestyle/fashion/an-ode-to-anne-cole-inventor-of-the-tankini-the-friendliest-swimsuit-to-women-20170112-gtq3md.html">"An ode to Anne Cole, inventor of the tankini, the friendliest swimsuit to women"</a>. The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved April 21, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=An+ode+to+Anne+Cole%2C+inventor+of+the+tankini%2C+the+friendliest+swimsuit+to+women&rft.date=2017-01-12&rft.aulast=Singer&rft.aufirst=Melissa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Flifestyle%2Ffashion%2Fan-ode-to-anne-cole-inventor-of-the-tankini-the-friendliest-swimsuit-to-women-20170112-gtq3md.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-HUGHES-91"><a href="#cite_ref-HUGHES_91-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHughes2017" class="citation web cs1">Hughes, Aria (January 10, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-features/anne-cole-swimsuit-designer-dies-at-90-tankini-10744569/">"Anne Cole, Swimsuit Designer Who Invented the Tankini, Dies at 90"</a>. WWD. Retrieved May 16, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WWD&rft.atitle=Anne+Cole%2C+Swimsuit+Designer+Who+Invented+the+Tankini%2C+Dies+at+90&rft.date=2017-01-10&rft.aulast=Hughes&rft.aufirst=Aria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwwd.com%2Ffashion-news%2Ffashion-features%2Fanne-cole-swimsuit-designer-dies-at-90-tankini-10744569%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-WOJSI-92">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WOJSI_92-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WOJSI_92-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson1989" class="citation magazine cs1">Johnson, William Oscar (February 7, 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131020050948/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1068171/3/index.htm">"In The Swim"</a>. Sports Illustrated. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1068171/3/index.htm">the original</a> on October 20, 2013. Retrieved August 18, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sports+Illustrated&rft.atitle=In+The+Swim&rft.date=1989-02-07&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=William+Oscar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsportsillustrated.cnn.com%2Fvault%2Farticle%2Fmagazine%2FMAG1068171%2F3%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> Jeanne Nagle, Violence in Movies, Music, and the Media, page 23, The Rosen Publishing Group, 2008, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4042-1795-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4042-1795-9">978-1-4042-1795-9</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> Keith M. Booker, Historical Dictionary of American Cinema, page 65, Scarecrow Press, 2011, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-7459-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-7459-6">978-0-8108-7459-6</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-MMOA-95">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MMOA_95-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MMOA_95-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MMOA_95-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MMOA_95-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MMOA_95-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharleston2004" class="citation web cs1">Charleston, Beth Duncuff (October 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/biki/hd_biki.htm">"The Bikini"</a>. Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved August 15, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Heilbrunn+Timeline+of+Art+History&rft.atitle=The+Bikini&rft.date=2004-10&rft.aulast=Charleston&rft.aufirst=Beth+Duncuff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metmuseum.org%2Ftoah%2Fhd%2Fbiki%2Fhd_biki.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-turner-96">^ <a href="#cite_ref-turner_96-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-turner_96-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTurner2013" class="citation web cs1">Turner, Julia (July 29, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slate.com/articles/life/fashion/2013/07/history_of_the_bikini_how_it_came_to_america.html">"A Brief History of the Bikini"</a>. Slate. Retrieved August 27, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Slate&rft.atitle=A+Brief+History+of+the+Bikini&rft.date=2013-07-29&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.aufirst=Julia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slate.com%2Farticles%2Flife%2Ffashion%2F2013%2F07%2Fhistory_of_the_bikini_how_it_came_to_america.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-firstB-97">^ <a href="#cite_ref-firstB_97-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-firstB_97-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-firstB_97-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-firstB_97-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130823002850/http://photos.newhavenregister.com/2013/07/05/photos-on-this-day-july-5-1946-the-first-bikini-goes-on-sale/">"Photos: On this day–July 5, 1946–the first bikini goes on sale"</a>. New Haven Register. July 5, 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://photos.newhavenregister.com/2013/07/05/photos-on-this-day-july-5-1946-the-first-bikini-goes-on-sale/#4">the original</a> on August 23, 2013. Retrieved August 23, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Haven+Register&rft.atitle=Photos%3A+On+this+day%E2%80%93July+5%2C+1946%E2%80%93the+first+bikini+goes+on+sale&rft.date=2013-07-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fphotos.newhavenregister.com%2F2013%2F07%2F05%2Fphotos-on-this-day-july-5-1946-the-first-bikini-goes-on-sale%2F%234&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-menkes-98">^ <a href="#cite_ref-menkes_98-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-menkes_98-1">b</a> Suzy Menkes, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F0CE7D81430F93BA25754C0A965958260">Runways: Remembrance of Thongs Past</a>", The New York Times, July 18, 1993 </li> <li id="cite_note-rio-99">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rio_99-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rio_99-1">b</a> Colin M. MacLachlan, A History of Modern Brazil: The Past Against the Future, page 184, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 1993, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4616-6547-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4616-6547-2">978-1-4616-6547-2</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elle.com/fashion/g2906/the-history-of-the-bikini-654900/#slide-6">"The History of the Bikini"</a>. ELLE. April 23, 2012. Retrieved August 21, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+History+of+the+Bikini&rft.pub=ELLE&rft.date=2012-04-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elle.com%2Ffashion%2Fg2906%2Fthe-history-of-the-bikini-654900%2F%23slide-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> Cari Beauchamp & <a href="/wiki/Henri_B%C3%A9har" title="Henri Béhar">Henri Béhar</a>, Hollywood on the Riviera: The Inside Story of the Cannes Film Festival, page 165, W. Morrow and Co., 1992, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-688-11007-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-688-11007-X">0-688-11007-X</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-a-102"><a href="#cite_ref-a_102-0">^</a> Vanessa R. 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Retrieved June 17, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Top+10+Bikinis+in+Pop+Culture&rft.date=2011-07-05&rft.aulast=Gibson&rft.aufirst=Megan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.time.com%2Ftime%2Fspecials%2Fpackages%2Farticle%2F0%2C28804%2C2081310_2080985_2081023%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080706155241/http://www.journalstar.com/articles/2006/07/28/sunday_am/doc44bec4c0d94a5233525588.txt">"The bikini celebrates 60 years"</a>. July 22, 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.journalstar.com/articles/2006/07/28/sunday_am/doc44bec4c0d94a5233525588.txt">the original</a> on July 6, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+bikini+celebrates+60+years&rft.date=2006-07-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.journalstar.com%2Farticles%2F2006%2F07%2F28%2Fsunday_am%2Fdoc44bec4c0d94a5233525588.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Telegraph-107">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Telegraph_107-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Telegraph_107-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBennett2011" class="citation news cs1">Bennett, Will (January 13, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1314376/Former-Bond-girl-to-sell-Dr-No-bikini.html">"Former Bond girl to sell Dr No bikini"</a>. The Daily Telegraph. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1314376/Former-Bond-girl-to-sell-Dr-No-bikini.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 11, 2022. Retrieved May 16, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Former+Bond+girl+to+sell+Dr+No+bikini&rft.date=2011-01-13&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.aufirst=Will&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuknews%2F1314376%2FFormer-Bond-girl-to-sell-Dr-No-bikini.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bensimon2006-108"><a href="#cite_ref-Bensimon2006_108-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBensimon2006" class="citation book cs1">Bensimon, Kelly Killoren (June 5, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=__DqAAAAMAAJ">The Bikini Book</a>. 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Retrieved May 16, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bikini+Book&rft.pub=Thames+%26+Hudson&rft.date=2006-06-05&rft.isbn=978-0-500-51316-3&rft.aulast=Bensimon&rft.aufirst=Kelly+Killoren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D__DqAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lindner2009-109"><a href="#cite_ref-Lindner2009_109-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLindner2009" class="citation book cs1">Lindner, Christoph (August 4, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vbIrAQAAIAAJ">The James Bond Phenomenon: A Critical Reader</a>. Manchester University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-8095-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-8095-1"><bdi>978-0-7190-8095-1</bdi></a>. 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Quirk Books. p. 419. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59474-169-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59474-169-2"><bdi>978-1-59474-169-2</bdi></a>. Retrieved May 16, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women+know+everything%21%3A+3%2C241+quips%2C+quotes%2C+%26+brilliant+remarks&rft.pages=419&rft.pub=Quirk+Books&rft.date=2007-04-05&rft.isbn=978-1-59474-169-2&rft.aulast=Weekes&rft.aufirst=Karen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnTKgWEBhBeoC%26pg%3DPA419&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> Cambridge Film Trust. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cambridgefilmfestival.org.uk/film/one-million-years-bc/">One Million Years B.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170113011558/http://www.cambridgefilmfestival.org.uk/film/one-million-years-bc">Archived</a> January 13, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Cambridge Film Festival. Retrieved December 5, 2016. </li> <li id="cite_note-Filmfacts-112"><a href="#cite_ref-Filmfacts_112-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zbkvAQAAIAAJ">Filmfacts 1967 Vol. 10 No. 4</a>. University of Southern California Division of Cinema, American Film Institute. June 15, 1967. p. 42. Retrieved November 25, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Filmfacts+1967+Vol.+10+No.+4&rft.pages=42&rft.pub=University+of+Southern+California+Division+of+Cinema%2C+American+Film+Institute&rft.date=1967-06-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzbkvAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mansour2005-113">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mansour2005_113-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mansour2005_113-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMansour2005" class="citation book cs1">Mansour, David (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hK0rPUF85loC&pg=PA345">From Abba to Zoom: a pop culture encyclopedia of the late 20th century</a>. <a href="/wiki/Andrews_McMeel_Publishing" title="Andrews McMeel Publishing">Andrews McMeel Publishing</a>. p. 345. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7407-5118-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7407-5118-9"><bdi>978-0-7407-5118-9</bdi></a>. Retrieved August 28, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Abba+to+Zoom%3A+a+pop+culture+encyclopedia+of+the+late+20th+century&rft.pages=345&rft.pub=Andrews+McMeel+Publishing&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-7407-5118-9&rft.aulast=Mansour&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhK0rPUF85loC%26pg%3DPA345&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> Amy De La Haye, The Cutting Edge: 50 Years of British Fashion, 1947–1997, page 183, Overlook Press, 1997, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87951-763-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-87951-763-8">0-87951-763-8</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> Valerie Steele, Encyclopedia of Clothing and Fashion, page 255, Charles Scribner's Sons, 2005, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-684-31397-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-684-31397-9">0-684-31397-9</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-sfgate-116"><a href="#cite_ref-sfgate_116-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRubin2006" class="citation web cs1">Rubin, Sylvia (July 2, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Fashion-shocker-of-46-the-naked-belly-button-2493673.php">"Fashion shocker of '46: the naked belly button / But the bikini wasn't a hit until Sixties"</a>. San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved August 19, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=San+Francisco+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Fashion+shocker+of+%2746%3A+the+naked+belly+button+%2F+But+the+bikini+wasn%27t+a+hit+until+Sixties&rft.date=2006-07-02&rft.aulast=Rubin&rft.aufirst=Sylvia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fnews%2Farticle%2FFashion-shocker-of-46-the-naked-belly-button-2493673.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SFC-117">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SFC_117-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFC_117-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRubin2006" class="citation news cs1">Rubin, Sylvia (July 2, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Fashion-shocker-of-46-the-naked-belly-button-2493673.php">"Fashion shocker of '46: the naked belly button"</a>. San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved August 28, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=San+Francisco+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Fashion+shocker+of+%2746%3A+the+naked+belly+button&rft.date=2006-07-02&rft.aulast=Rubin&rft.aufirst=Sylvia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fnews%2Farticle%2FFashion-shocker-of-46-the-naked-belly-button-2493673.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SFGate-118"><a href="#cite_ref-SFGate_118-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRubin2006" class="citation news cs1">Rubin, Sylvia (July 2, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Fashion-shocker-of-46-the-naked-belly-button-2493673.php">"Fashion shocker of '46: the naked belly button"</a>. San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved August 28, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=San+Francisco+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Fashion+shocker+of+%2746%3A+the+naked+belly+button&rft.date=2006-07-02&rft.aulast=Rubin&rft.aufirst=Sylvia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fnews%2Farticle%2FFashion-shocker-of-46-the-naked-belly-button-2493673.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-independent-119">^ <a href="#cite_ref-independent_119-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-independent_119-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCornwellJohn_Lichfield2006" class="citation news cs1">Cornwell, Rupert; John Lichfield (June 17, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080502130024/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/boom-and-bust-the-nuclear-age-and-the-bikini-age-404390.html">"Boom and Bust: The nuclear age and the bikini age"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a>. London. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/boom-and-bust-the-nuclear-age-and-the-bikini-age-404390.html">the original</a> on May 2, 2008. Retrieved September 30, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Boom+and+Bust%3A+The+nuclear+age+and+the+bikini+age&rft.date=2006-06-17&rft.aulast=Cornwell&rft.aufirst=Rupert&rft.au=John+Lichfield&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fscience%2Fboom-and-bust-the-nuclear-age-and-the-bikini-age-404390.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130823002850/http://photos.newhavenregister.com/2013/07/05/photos-on-this-day-july-5-1946-the-first-bikini-goes-on-sale/">"Photos: On this day – July 5, 1946 – the first bikini goes on sale"</a>. New Haven Register. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://photos.newhavenregister.com/2013/07/05/photos-on-this-day-july-5-1946-the-first-bikini-goes-on-sale/#62">the original</a> on August 23, 2013. Retrieved August 22, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Haven+Register&rft.atitle=Photos%3A+On+this+day+%E2%80%93+July+5%2C+1946+%E2%80%93+the+first+bikini+goes+on+sale&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fphotos.newhavenregister.com%2F2013%2F07%2F05%2Fphotos-on-this-day-july-5-1946-the-first-bikini-goes-on-sale%2F%2362&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKienzl2019" class="citation news cs1">Kienzl, Philipp (July 5, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ze.tt/warum-der-bikini-das-wohl-skandaloeseste-kleidungsstueck-der-geschichte-ist/">"Warum der Bikini das wohl skandalöseste Kleidungsstück der Geschichte ist"</a>. Ze.tt. Retrieved January 3, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ze.tt&rft.atitle=Warum+der+Bikini+das+wohl+skandal%C3%B6seste+Kleidungsst%C3%BCck+der+Geschichte+ist&rft.date=2019-07-05&rft.aulast=Kienzl&rft.aufirst=Philipp&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fze.tt%2Fwarum-der-bikini-das-wohl-skandaloeseste-kleidungsstueck-der-geschichte-ist%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoebel2019" class="citation news cs1">Goebel, Anne (December 6, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sueddeutsche.de/stil/neues-museum-ewiger-sommer-1.4707131">"Ewiger Sommer"</a>. Süddeutsche Zeitung. Retrieved January 3, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=S%C3%BCddeutsche+Zeitung&rft.atitle=Ewiger+Sommer&rft.date=2019-12-06&rft.aulast=Goebel&rft.aufirst=Anne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sueddeutsche.de%2Fstil%2Fneues-museum-ewiger-sommer-1.4707131&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> Kiran Sable, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.alliedmarketresearch.com/swimwear-market#:~:text=Swimwear%20Market%20Overview%3A,6.2%25%20from%202018%20to%202024.Swimwear">Market</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200928220802/https://www.alliedmarketresearch.com/swimwear-market#:~:text=Swimwear%20Market%20Overview%3A,6.2%25%20from%202018%20to%202024.Swimwear">Archived</a> September 28, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Allied Market Research, June 2018 </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> Kellie Ell, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2018/06/24/swimwear-industry-on-fire-thanks-to-instagram.html">Swimwear industry 'on fire' as Instagram's year-round summers fill feeds with string bikinis and exotic beach posts</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200627073611/https://www.cnbc.com/2018/06/24/swimwear-industry-on-fire-thanks-to-instagram.html">Archived</a> June 27, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, CNBC, July 12, 2018 </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> Mo Isom, Sex, Jesus, and the Conversations the Church Forgot, page 59, Baker Books, 2018, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781493412709" title="Special:BookSources/9781493412709">9781493412709</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20160324005076/en/Global-Swimwear-Market-Exceed-USD-20-Billion">Global Swimwear Market to Exceed USD 20 Billion by 2020, According to Technavio</a>, Business Wire, March 24, 2016 </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> Stuff Reporter, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/article3190174.ece">Being Sharmila, all through life</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150903212011/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/article3190174.ece">Archived</a> September 3, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", The Hindu, April 3, 2006 </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> Lalit Mohan Joshi & Gulzar, Derek Malcolm, Bollywood, page 20, Lucky Dissanayake, 2002, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9537032-2-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-9537032-2-3">0-9537032-2-3</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <a href="/wiki/B._K._Karanjia" title="B. K. Karanjia">B. K. Karanjia</a>, Blundering in Wonderland, page 18, Vikas Publishing House, 1990, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7069-4961-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-7069-4961-7">0-7069-4961-7</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://idiva.com/news-entertainment/sharmila-tagore-actresses-today-can-drink-smoke-and-live-in/20034">Sharmila Tagore</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140204052923/http://idiva.com/news-entertainment/sharmila-tagore-actresses-today-can-drink-smoke-and-live-in/20034">Archived</a> February 4, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, First Indian actress to wear bikini </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> Various writers, Rashtriya Sahara, page 28, Sahara India Mass Communication, 2002 </li> <li id="cite_note-avi-132">^ <a href="#cite_ref-avi_132-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-avi_132-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-avi_132-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGhosh2006" class="citation news cs1">Ghosh, Avijit (July 2, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/sunday-toi/special-report/Bollywoods-unfinished-revolution/articleshow/1696458.cms">"Bollywood's unfinished revolution"</a>. The Times of India.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Bollywood%27s+unfinished+revolution&rft.date=2006-07-02&rft.aulast=Ghosh&rft.aufirst=Avijit&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fhome%2Fsunday-toi%2Fspecial-report%2FBollywoods-unfinished-revolution%2Farticleshow%2F1696458.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow-times/That-itsy-bitsy-thing/articleshow/1655251.cms">"That itsy bitsy thing"</a>. The Times of India. June 16, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=That+itsy+bitsy+thing&rft.date=2006-06-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Flucknow-times%2FThat-itsy-bitsy-thing%2Farticleshow%2F1655251.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> Ramadhian Fadillah, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merdeka.com/artis/nurnaningsih-artis-yang-dicap-sebagai-bom-seks-pertama-indonesia.html">Nurnaningsih, artis yang dicap sebagai bom seks pertama Indonesia</a> (language: Bahasa), Merdeka, 29 Desember 2015 </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> Rindi Ayunda, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sisidunia.com/2015/12/30/nurnaningsih-artis-panas-indonesia-pertama-di-tahun-50-an/64982">Nurnaningsih, Artis Panas Indonesia Pertama Di Tahun 50-an</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200629131930/https://www.sisidunia.com/2015/12/30/nurnaningsih-artis-panas-indonesia-pertama-di-tahun-50-an/64982">Archived</a> June 29, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (language: Bahasa), Sisidunia, 30/12/2015 </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sooperboy.com/sooper-hot/nurnaningsih-legenda-artis-panas-pertama-di-indonesia-150512c.html">Nurnaningsih, Legenda Artis Panas Pertama di Indonesia</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200630025329/http://www.sooperboy.com/sooper-hot/nurnaningsih-legenda-artis-panas-pertama-di-indonesia-150512c.html">Archived</a> June 30, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (language: Bahasa), Sooperboy, 12 May 2015 </li> <li id="cite_note-HTBikini-137">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HTBikini_137-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HTBikini_137-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HTBikini_137-2">c</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150328175814/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-2617354071.html">Are Indian girls bikini ready?</a>", Hindustan Times (New Delhi, India), March 25, 2012 </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> Rachel Lopez, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/brunch/who-s-afraid-of-wearing-a-bikini/story-cwIsVblXI31KKqPOHezcUJ.html">From Bollywood to middle class India, no one is afraid of wearing bikini</a>", Hindustan Times, May 15, 2016 </li> <li id="cite_note-ShoDhar-139">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ShoDhar_139-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ShoDhar_139-1">b</a> Shobita Dhar, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/freedom-in-a-two-piece-indian-women-now-rock-their-bikinis/articleshow/73121755.cms">Freedom in a two-piece: Indian women now rock their bikinis</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200119024048/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/freedom-in-a-two-piece-indian-women-now-rock-their-bikinis/articleshow/73121755.cms">Archived</a> January 19, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Times of India, Jan 7, 2020 </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> Justin Rowlatt, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/9348299.stm">Brazil's raw materials and the Chinese bikini problem</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140819063301/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/9348299.stm">Archived</a> August 19, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", BBC, January 8, 2011 </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/3000/largest-bikini-parade">Largest Bikini Parade</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131029203659/http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/3000/largest-bikini-parade">Archived</a> October 29, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Official Website: Guinness Book of World Records </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/news/2011/9/new-largest-bikini-photo-shoot-world-record-set-in-china/">Largest Bikini Photo Shoot</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131029203656/http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/news/2011/9/new-largest-bikini-photo-shoot-world-record-set-in-china/">Archived</a> October 29, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Official Website: Guinness Book of World Records </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> Anna Fifield, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/a-mainstay-of-the-chinese-summer-thebeijing-bikiniis-under-threat/2019/07/04/b8519ea6-9e31-11e9-a1fc-7337aeb9179e_story.html">A mainstay of the Chinese summer, the 'Beijing bikini,' is under threat</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200629164647/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/a-mainstay-of-the-chinese-summer-thebeijing-bikiniis-under-threat/2019/07/04/b8519ea6-9e31-11e9-a1fc-7337aeb9179e_story.html">Archived</a> June 29, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Washington Post, July 4, 2019 </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> Casey Baseel, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://japantoday.com/category/features/lifestyle/94-of-japanese-women-dont-feel-confident-in-a-bikini-survey-reveals">94% of Japanese women don't feel confident in a swimsuit, survey reveals</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200627065155/https://japantoday.com/category/features/lifestyle/94-of-japanese-women-dont-feel-confident-in-a-bikini-survey-reveals">Archived</a> June 27, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Japan Today, July 21, 2013 </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> Anna Fifield, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2016/08/30/what-women-around-the-world-actually-wear-to-the-beach/">Burkini, meet facekini: What women around the world wear to the beach</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200701010622/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2016/08/30/what-women-around-the-world-actually-wear-to-the-beach/">Archived</a> July 1, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Washington Post, August 30, 2016 </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> Noha Mellor, The Making of Arab News, page 39, Rowman & Littlefield, 2005, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7425-3819-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7425-3819-1">978-0-7425-3819-1</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> Amy Kaslow, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fortune.com/2014/09/22/israeli-arab-women-jobs-economy/">Arab Israeli women have been hampered by a society that has accorded Arabs and women, much less Arab women, second-class status</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141028185512/http://fortune.com/2014/09/22/israeli-arab-women-jobs-economy/">Archived</a> October 28, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", Fortune, September 22, 2014 </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> Shatha Yaish, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/arab-israeli-model-huda-naccache-makes-history-with-bikini-shoot/story-e6frg6n6-1226164166847?nk=877dc7afd90db22caf5327f021337eb3">Itsy bitsy teen weeny Arab bikini revolution</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160618064718/http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/arab-israeli-model-huda-naccache-makes-history-with-bikini-shoot/story-e6frg6n6-1226164166847?nk=877dc7afd90db22caf5327f021337eb3">Archived</a> June 18, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", The Australian, October 12, 2011 </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> Pierre Klochendler, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ipsnews.net/2013/05/arab-magazine-challenges-attitudes-about-arab-women/">Arab Magazine Challenges Attitudes About Arab Women</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141028175102/http://www.ipsnews.net/2013/05/arab-magazine-challenges-attitudes-about-arab-women/">Archived</a> October 28, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", IPSNews, May 17, 2013 </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> Hafsa Lodi, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thenational.ae/lifestyle/fashion/the-rise-of-the-burkini-how-the-modest-swimwear-has-gone-global-1.921794">The rise of the burkini: how the modest swimwear has gone global</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200730063026/https://www.thenational.ae/lifestyle/fashion/the-rise-of-the-burkini-how-the-modest-swimwear-has-gone-global-1.921794">Archived</a> July 30, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, The National, Oct 10, 2019 </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> Youssra El-Sharkawy, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ozy.com/the-new-and-the-next/egypts-extra-long-burkinis-the-latest-flashpoint-in-religious-swimwear/96664/">Will this new swimwear for conservative Muslims sink or swim?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200628203712/https://www.ozy.com/the-new-and-the-next/egypts-extra-long-burkinis-the-latest-flashpoint-in-religious-swimwear/96664/">Archived</a> June 28, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, OZY, October 11, 2019 </li> <li id="cite_note-patton-152"><a href="#cite_ref-patton_152-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatton1997" class="citation web cs1">Patton, Susan Ruiz (September 11, 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mcall.com/1997/09/11/a-bikini-isnt-the-choice-of-miss-pa-for-the-first-time-in-77-years-contestants-in-miss-america-pageant-can-choose-their-swimwear-heather-busin-prefers-one-piece/">"A Bikini Isn't The Choice Of Miss Pa. For The First Time In 77 Years, Contestants In Miss America Pageant Can Choose Their Swimwear. Heather Busin Prefers One-piece"</a>. McCalls. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131013191926/http://articles.mcall.com/1997-09-11/news/3155841_1_swimsuit-competition-bikini-pageant">Archived</a> from the original on October 13, 2013. Retrieved August 27, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Bikini+Isn%27t+The+Choice+Of+Miss+Pa.+For+The+First+Time+In+77+Years%2C+Contestants+In+Miss+America+Pageant+Can+Choose+Their+Swimwear.+Heather+Busin+Prefers+One-piece&rft.pub=McCalls&rft.date=1997-09-11&rft.aulast=Patton&rft.aufirst=Susan+Ruiz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mcall.com%2F1997%2F09%2F11%2Fa-bikini-isnt-the-choice-of-miss-pa-for-the-first-time-in-77-years-contestants-in-miss-america-pageant-can-choose-their-swimwear-heather-busin-prefers-one-piece%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-materials-153"><a href="#cite_ref-materials_153-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosebush" class="citation web cs1">Rosebush, Judson. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131005005700/http://bikiniscience.com/costumes/bikiniology_SS/materials_S/materials.html">"Materials"</a>. Bikini Science. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bikiniscience.com/costumes/bikiniology_SS/materials_S/materials.html">the original</a> on October 5, 2013. Retrieved August 15, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Materials&rft.pub=Bikini+Science&rft.aulast=Rosebush&rft.aufirst=Judson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbikiniscience.com%2Fcostumes%2Fbikiniology_SS%2Fmaterials_S%2Fmaterials.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> Fashion Correspondent, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=PI&s_site=philly&p_multi=PI&p_theme=realcities&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EB29A230AE055D5&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D">Swimsuits take some inspiration from the past</a>", Philadelphia Inquirer, November 10, 1985 </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> Siobhan Morrissey, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=PBPB&p_theme=pbpb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EAF84758A18E87D&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D">Bikinis made in teeny-weeny time</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190116200740/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=PBPB&p_theme=pbpb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EAF84758A18E87D&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D">Archived</a> January 16, 2019, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, The Palm Beach Post, page 1D, August 28, 1991 </li> <li id="cite_note-YorkS-156"><a href="#cite_ref-YorkS_156-0">^</a> Jayne Dawson, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yorkshireeveningpost.co.uk/news/latest-news/top-stories/sexy-at-60-1-2054675">Sexy at 60</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319050234/http://www.yorkshireeveningpost.co.uk/news/latest-news/top-stories/sexy-at-60-1-2054675">Archived</a> March 19, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", Yorkshire Evening Post, July 25, 2006 </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> Kelly Killoren Bensimon, The Bikini Book, Assouline, 2006, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-84323-825-0" title="Special:BookSources/2-84323-825-0">2-84323-825-0</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-homan-158">^ <a href="#cite_ref-homan_158-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-homan_158-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-homan_158-2">c</a> Becky Homan, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SL&p_theme=sl&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EB05184B3196071&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D">Tankini goes over the top</a>", St. Louis Post-Dispatch, April 3, 1999 </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> Patricia Marx, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090831050538/http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2009/08/03/090803fa_fact_marx">On and Off the Avenue: Itsy Bitsy Teeny Weeny</a>", page 32, The New Yorker, August 31, 2009, Volume 85, Issues 26, New Yorker Magazine Inc. </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> Whitney Friedlander, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2010-may-23-la-ig-0523-timeline-20100523-story.html">That's why they're called 'bathing' suits</a>, Los Angeles Times, May 23, 2010 </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/832">Villa Romana del Casale</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100826114556/http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/832/">Archived</a> August 26, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, UNESCO </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&p_multi=OSBB&d_place=OSBB&p_theme=newslibrary2&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=10A7874FECFF1B68&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D">Just chillin, This season's swimsuits boast new flirty styles, retro looks</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190116200807/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&p_multi=OSBB&d_place=OSBB&p_theme=newslibrary2&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=10A7874FECFF1B68&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D">Archived</a> January 16, 2019, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", Ocala Star-Banner, June 1, 2005 </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> Rena Fulka, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=STRB&p_theme=strb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=11A1D63E08E5BD90&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D">Seasonal style</a>", The Star (Tinley Park), June 14, 2007 </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> Mistrík, Erich, Pseudo-Concrete Ideals Of A Good Life, Human Affairs (2/2008), Department of Social & Biological Communication, Slovenská Akadémia Vied, Slovakia </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> The Concise Oxford Dictionary (2004 ed.) </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100108023628/http://www.bikiniscience.com/costumes/soutien-gorge_SS/topless_S/topless.html">"Bikini Science"</a>. Bikini Science. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bikiniscience.com/costumes/soutien-gorge_SS/topless_S/topless.html">the original</a> on January 8, 2010. Retrieved November 12, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bikini+Science&rft.pub=Bikini+Science&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bikiniscience.com%2Fcostumes%2Fsoutien-gorge_SS%2Ftopless_S%2Ftopless.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEllen_Shultz1986" class="citation book cs1">Ellen Shultz, ed. (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iELIoreqozkC&pg=PA48">Recent acquisitions: A Selection, 1985–1986</a>. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. p. 48. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87099-478-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87099-478-4"><bdi>978-0-87099-478-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Recent+acquisitions%3A+A+Selection%2C+1985%E2%80%931986&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=48&rft.pub=Metropolitan+Museum+of+Art&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-0-87099-478-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiELIoreqozkC%26pg%3DPA48&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStewartSpencer2002" class="citation book cs1">Stewart, Elizabeth Gunther; Spencer, Paula (2002). The V book : a doctor's guide to complete vulvovaginal health (Bantam trade pbk. ed.). New York: Bantam Books. p. 104. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-553-38114-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-553-38114-6"><bdi>978-0-553-38114-6</bdi></a>. <q>In 1985, designer Rudi Gernreich unveiled the "pubikini," a bathing suit meant to expose pubic hair.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+V+book+%3A+a+doctor%27s+guide+to+complete+vulvovaginal+health&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=104&rft.edition=Bantam+trade+pbk.&rft.pub=Bantam+Books&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-553-38114-6&rft.aulast=Stewart&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth+Gunther&rft.au=Spencer%2C+Paula&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> Nada Manley, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NJ&p_theme=nj&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=10A3138C75E6BF71&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D">Beauty & the Beach: The perfect swimsuit is out there – honestly</a>", The Daytona Beach News-Journal, March 17, 2005 </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> Justine Picardie, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/news-features/TMG8597324/The-Closet-Thinker-bathing-beauties.html">The Closet Thinker: bathing beauties</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161220124839/http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/news-features/TMG8597324/The-Closet-Thinker-bathing-beauties.html">Archived</a> December 20, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, The Daily Telegraph, July 3, 2011 </li> <li id="cite_note-JenPa-171"><a href="#cite_ref-JenPa_171-0">^</a> Jenny Pate, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.articledashboard.com/Article/History-of-Swimsuits/461234">History of the swimsuit</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080907051823/http://www.articledashboard.com/Article/History-of-Swimsuits/461234">Archived</a> September 7, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Article Dashboard </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120730105128/http://swimsuits.lovetoknow.com/Slingshot_Suspender_Bikini">Slingshot Suspender Bikinis: A History</a>, Love to know swimsuits, Glam Publisher Network </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a> Fashion Correspondent, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=MH&s_site=miami&p_multi=MH&p_theme=realcities&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EB4D23272FD283B&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D">Itsy bitsy teenie weenie ... trivia think swimsuits. If two-pieces and t-backs are all that come to mind ... think again</a>", The Miami Herald, page 1G, July 15, 1995 </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> Steve Helling, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20279623,00.html">Cruising Tips from New Kids on the Block</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150722111330/http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20279623,00.html">Archived</a> July 22, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", People, May 18, 2009 </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> Staff, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-lancashire-29704452">Blackpool Council considers 'mankini' outfit ban</a>", BBC, Aug 21, 2014 </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biqiniz.com/blogs/glossary/side-tie-bottom-bikini-set">Biqiniz Bikini Glossary</a> [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] Know your bandeaus from your halters. </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> Valerie Steele, Encyclopedia of Clothing and Fashion, page 121, Charles Scribner's Sons, 2005, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-684-31396-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-684-31396-0">0-684-31396-0</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Alisha-178"><a href="#cite_ref-Alisha_178-0">^</a> Alisha Davis, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/read/1G1-20537767">It Rhymes With Bikini</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍]", Newsweek, May 4, 1998 </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/tankini">"Tankini"</a>. oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com. Retrieved March 14, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tankini&rft.pub=oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com%2Fdefinition%2Fenglish%2Ftankini&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> Anne D'Innocenzio, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101111074727/http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-27407189_ITM">Big fish rule a bigger pond</a>", Women's Wear Daily, January 24, 2000 </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a> Rose Apodaca Jones, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-10764345_ITM">Five decades in the swim</a>", Women's Wear Daily, Fairchild Publications, April 23, 2001 </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a> Kathryn Bold, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/16687650.html?dids=16687650:16687650&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Mar+21%2C+1996&author=KATHRYN+BOLD&pub=Los+Angeles+Times+(pre-1997+Fulltext)&desc=Summer+Sizzle%3B+Top+to+Bottom%3B+Talk+about+bikini+anxiety.+Designers+for+Point+Conception+scrutinize+every+detail.&pqatl=google">Summer Sizzle Top to Bottom</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121019085313/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/16687650.html?dids=16687650:16687650&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Mar+21,+1996&author=KATHRYN+BOLD&pub=Los+Angeles+Times+(pre-1997+Fulltext)&desc=Summer+Sizzle%3B+Top+to+Bottom%3B+Talk+about+bikini+anxiety.+Designers+for+Point+Conception+scrutinize+every+detail.&pqatl=google">Archived</a> October 19, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", Los Angeles Times, page 1, March 21, 1996 </li> <li id="cite_note-saf-183"><a href="#cite_ref-saf_183-0">^</a> William Safire, No Uncertain Terms, page 291, Simon & Schuster, 2004, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7432-5812-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-7432-5812-6">0-7432-5812-6</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a> David L. Gold, Studies in Etymology and Etiology, page 101, Universidad de Alicante, 2009, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788479085179" title="Special:BookSources/9788479085179">9788479085179</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a> Associated Press, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090113132429/http://www.theage.com.au/cgi-bin/common/popupPrintArticle.pl?path=%2Farticles%2F2004%2F06%2F28%2F1088392608125.html">Free and easy</a>", The Age (Australia), 2004 -06-29 </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a> John Ayto, Ian Crofton & Ebenezer Cobham Brewer, Brewer's Dictionary of Modern Phrase & Fable, page 78, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2006, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-304-36809-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-304-36809-1">0-304-36809-1</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a> Robert L. Chapman & Harold Wentworth, New Dictionary of American Slang, page 446, Harper & Row, 1986, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-06-181157-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-06-181157-2">0-06-181157-2</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a> John Karl, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090112081550/http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-27747407_ITM">Under cover Designers are wrapping swimsuits with stylish designs</a>, Sarasota Herald Tribune, 2000-02-08 </li> <li id="cite_note-Kilborn-189">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kilborn_189-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kilborn_189-1">b</a> Laura Grae Kilborn, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=DP&p_theme=dp&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EAF44E9A0508C03&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D">The Marketing Of Female Athletes</a>", The Denver Post, August 11, 1998 </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a> Gertrud Pfister and Mari Kristin Sisjord, Gender and Sport: Changes and Challenges, page 142, Waxmann Verlag, 2013, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8309-7873-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8309-7873-2">978-3-8309-7873-2</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a> Harvey S. Wiener, Total swimming, page 125, Simon & Schuster, 1981, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-671-42807-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-671-42807-5">978-0-671-42807-5</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a> Barry Wilner, Art Seiden, Sam Freas, and Dan Helms, Swimming, page 12, Raintree Steck-Vaughn, 1996, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8114-6596-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8114-6596-0">978-0-8114-6596-0</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a> David Maraniss, Rome 1960: The Olympics That Changed the World, page 75, Simon & Schuster, 2008, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4391-0267-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4391-0267-1">978-1-4391-0267-1</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170706191714/http://ijr.com/2016/08/670528-heres-why-the-usa-womens-volleyball-team-refuses-to-stop-wearing-bikinis">"Here's Why the USA Women's Volleyball Team Refuses to Stop Wearing Bikinis"</a>. August 11, 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ijr.com/2016/08/670528-heres-why-the-usa-womens-volleyball-team-refuses-to-stop-wearing-bikinis/">the original</a> on July 6, 2017. Retrieved July 17, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Here%27s+Why+the+USA+Women%27s+Volleyball+Team+Refuses+to+Stop+Wearing+Bikinis&rft.date=2016-08-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fijr.com%2F2016%2F08%2F670528-heres-why-the-usa-womens-volleyball-team-refuses-to-stop-wearing-bikinis%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cover-up-195">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cover-up_195-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cover-up_195-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/sport/591787.stm">"Aussies opt for bikini cover-up"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. January 5, 2000.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Aussies+opt+for+bikini+cover-up&rft.date=2000-01-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fsport%2F591787.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150809191530/http://www.cnn.com/STYLE/9901/13/vollyball.bikini/">"Bikini blues – Beach volleyball makes the swimsuit standard"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/STYLE/9901/13/vollyball.bikini/">the original</a> on August 9, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Bikini+blues+%E2%80%93+Beach+volleyball+makes+the+swimsuit+standard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2FSTYLE%2F9901%2F13%2Fvollyball.bikini%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-patr-197">^ <a href="#cite_ref-patr_197-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-patr_197-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-patr_197-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-patr_197-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-patr_197-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-patr_197-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-patr_197-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-patr_197-7">h</a> Patrice A. Oppliger, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=c77ABgAAQBAJ&q=bikini+beach+volleyball&pg=PA182">Girls Gone Skank: The Sexualization of Girls in American Culture</a>, page 182-4, McFarland, 2008, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-8650-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-8650-2">978-0-7864-8650-2</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-stan-198">^ <a href="#cite_ref-stan_198-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-stan_198-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-stan_198-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-stan_198-3">d</a> Mary Zeiss Stange, Carol K. Oyster and Jane E. Sloan (ed.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=B50Jad7552MC&q=bikini+beach+volleyball&pg=PA134">Encyclopedia of Women in Today's World</a> (Volume 1), page 134, SAGE, 2011, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4129-7685-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4129-7685-5">978-1-4129-7685-5</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a> Stuff Writer, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.espn.com/olympics/summer04/gen/news/story?id=1860176">Beach volleyball a popular spectator sport</a> ", <a href="/wiki/ESPN" title="ESPN">ESPN</a>, August 16, 2004 </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080317105526/http://nbcsports.msnbc.com/id/5705620/">"Beach volleyball's bikini cheerleaders stir up a storm"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NBC_Sports" title="NBC Sports">NBC Sports</a>. August 17, 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nbcsports.msnbc.com/id/5705620/">the original</a> on March 17, 2008. Retrieved March 12, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Beach+volleyball%27s+bikini+cheerleaders+stir+up+a+storm&rft.pub=NBC+Sports&rft.date=2004-08-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnbcsports.msnbc.com%2Fid%2F5705620%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100419043317/http://www.abc.net.au/news/olympics/sports/beach-volleyball.htm">"Beach Volleyball"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(Australia)" title="ABC News (Australia)">ABC News</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/olympics/sports/beach-volleyball.htm">the original</a> on April 19, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Beach+Volleyball&rft.pub=ABC+News&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2Folympics%2Fsports%2Fbeach-volleyball.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a> Associated Press, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3335511,00.html">In Doha, beach volleyball bikinis create cultural clash</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402151805/http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3335511,00.html">Archived</a> April 2, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Ynet News, March 12, 2006. Retrieved March 12, 2008. </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.canberratimes.com.au/olympics/news-london-2012/beach-volleyball-but-not-beach-weather-aussies-lose-close-match-as-cold-bites-20120729-23562.html">"Beach volleyball but not beach weather: Aussies lose close match as cold bites"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Canberra_Times" title="The Canberra Times">The Canberra Times</a>. July 29, 2012. Retrieved August 1, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Canberra+Times&rft.atitle=Beach+volleyball+but+not+beach+weather%3A+Aussies+lose+close+match+as+cold+bites&rft.date=2012-07-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.canberratimes.com.au%2Folympics%2Fnews-london-2012%2Fbeach-volleyball-but-not-beach-weather-aussies-lose-close-match-as-cold-bites-20120729-23562.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/olympics/volleyball/9169429/London-2012-Olympics-female-beach-volleyball-players-permitted-to-wear-less-revealing-uniforms.html">"London 2012 Olympics: female beach volleyball players permitted to wear less revealing uniforms"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a>. 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Retrieved August 1, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=London+2012+Olympics%3A+female+beach+volleyball+players+permitted+to+wear+less+revealing+uniforms&rft.date=2012-03-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fsport%2Folympics%2Fvolleyball%2F9169429%2FLondon-2012-Olympics-female-beach-volleyball-players-permitted-to-wear-less-revealing-uniforms.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-mcpeak_uniform-205">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mcpeak_uniform_205-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mcpeak_uniform_205-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/Sports/China/story?id=5589206&page=1">"Olympic Uniforms: Less Clothing Means Better Results"</a>. ABC News. August 18, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Olympic+Uniforms%3A+Less+Clothing+Means+Better+Results&rft.date=2008-08-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FSports%2FChina%2Fstory%3Fid%3D5589206%26page%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ijr-206"><a href="#cite_ref-ijr_206-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171019112323/http://ijr.com/2016/08/670528-heres-why-the-usa-womens-volleyball-team-refuses-to-stop-wearing-bikinis/">"Here's Why the USA Women's Volleyball Team Refuses to Stop Wearing Bikinis"</a>. ijr.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ijr.com/2016/08/670528-heres-why-the-usa-womens-volleyball-team-refuses-to-stop-wearing-bikinis/">the original</a> on October 19, 2017. 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Retrieved March 29, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Top+10+Best+Summer+Bikinis&rft.pub=thesurfchannel.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thesurfchannel.com%2Fslide%2Ftop-10-summer-bikinis%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-223"><a href="#cite_ref-223">^</a> Andrea McCloud, The Girl's Guide to Surfing, page 52, Chronicle Books, 2011, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4521-0898-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4521-0898-8">978-1-4521-0898-8</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-224"><a href="#cite_ref-224">^</a> Matt Warshaw, The History of Surfing, page 417, Chronicle Books, 2011, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4521-0094-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4521-0094-4">978-1-4521-0094-4</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-225"><a href="#cite_ref-225">^</a> Douglas Booth, Australian Beach Cultures: The History of Sun, Sand and Surf, page 139, Routledge, 2012, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-136-33847-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-136-33847-2">978-1-136-33847-2</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-226"><a href="#cite_ref-226">^</a> Mark Stranger, Surfing Life: Surface, Substructure and the Commodification of the Sublime, page 40, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2011, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-7443-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-7443-6">978-0-7546-7443-6</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-227"><a href="#cite_ref-227">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sbs.com.au/news/norway-s-beach-handball-team-fined-for-wearing-shorts-instead-of-bikini-bottoms">"Norway's beach handball team fined for wearing shorts instead of bikini bottoms"</a>. <a href="/wiki/SBS_News" class="mw-redirect" title="SBS News">SBS News</a>. 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July 26, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Pink+offers+to+pay+bikini+bottoms+fine+for+Norway+women%27s+handball+team&rft.date=2021-07-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fentertainment-arts-57967486&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-229"><a href="#cite_ref-229">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/general/others/norway-womens-beach-handball-bikini-shorts-b1887065.html">"Norwegian women's beach handball team fined for not wearing bikini bottoms"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Independent.co.uk" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent.co.uk">Independent.co.uk</a>. July 22, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220621/https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/general/others/norway-womens-beach-handball-bikini-shorts-b1887065.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 21, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Independent.co.uk&rft.atitle=Norwegian+women%27s+beach+handball+team+fined+for+not+wearing+bikini+bottoms&rft.date=2021-07-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fsport%2Fgeneral%2Fothers%2Fnorway-womens-beach-handball-bikini-shorts-b1887065.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-230"><a href="#cite_ref-230">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaniel_RosneyManish_Pandey2021" class="citation news cs1">Daniel Rosney; Manish Pandey (July 27, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-57940896">"Beach handball: 'It's shocking to have to pay to not play in our pants'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Beach+handball%3A+%27It%27s+shocking+to+have+to+pay+to+not+play+in+our+pants%27&rft.date=2021-07-27&rft.au=Daniel+Rosney&rft.au=Manish+Pandey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-57940896&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-231"><a href="#cite_ref-231">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rte.ie/news/world/2021/1102/1257272-beach-handball/">"Beach handball relents on rule women must wear bikinis"</a>. <a href="/wiki/RT%C3%89.ie" title="RTÉ.ie">RTÉ.ie</a>. November 2, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RT%C3%89.ie&rft.atitle=Beach+handball+relents+on+rule+women+must+wear+bikinis&rft.date=2021-11-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rte.ie%2Fnews%2Fworld%2F2021%2F1102%2F1257272-beach-handball%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-kugelmacpherson-232"><a href="#cite_ref-kugelmacpherson_232-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKugel2011" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allison_Kugel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Allison Kugel (page does not exist)">Kugel, Allison</a> (December 20, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pr.com/article/1195">"Elle Macpherson: Unabashed Passion, Ageless Beauty & Creating the Next Fashion Star"</a>. PR.com. Retrieved March 12, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Elle+Macpherson%3A+Unabashed+Passion%2C+Ageless+Beauty+%26+Creating+the+Next+Fashion+Star&rft.date=2011-12-20&rft.aulast=Kugel&rft.aufirst=Allison&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pr.com%2Farticle%2F1195&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-233"><a href="#cite_ref-233">^</a> Christine Schmidt, The Swimsuit: Fashion from Poolside to Catwalk, pages 19, 49–51, Bloomsbury Academic, 2012, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85785-123-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85785-123-9">978-0-85785-123-9</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-234"><a href="#cite_ref-234">^</a> Nicola Yelland, Gender in Early Childhood, page 67, Routledge, 2002, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-73518-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-73518-1">978-1-134-73518-1</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-235"><a href="#cite_ref-235">^</a> Claudia Mitchell, Jacqueline Reid-Walsh, Girl Culture: Studying girl culture : a readers' guide, page 183, ABC-CLIO, 2008, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-33909-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-33909-7">978-0-313-33909-7</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Slate-236">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Slate_236-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Slate_236-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Slate_236-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTurner2011" class="citation web cs1">Turner, Julia (May 31, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/fashion/2006/07/a_brief_history_of_the_bikini.html">"A Brief History of the Bikini: How the tiny swimsuit conquered America"</a>. 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Survey finds age a factor in fashion"</a>. Today.com. May 13, 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://discuss.today.com/_news/2011/05/13/6636106-stop-wearing-bikinis-after-47-survey-finds-age-a-factor-in-fashion">the original</a> on November 2, 2013. Retrieved August 15, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Stop+wearing+bikinis+after+47%3F+Survey+finds+age+a+factor+in+fashion&rft.pub=Today.com&rft.date=2011-05-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdiscuss.today.com%2F_news%2F2011%2F05%2F13%2F6636106-stop-wearing-bikinis-after-47-survey-finds-age-a-factor-in-fashion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-246"><a href="#cite_ref-246">^</a> Lesley Kennedy, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.more.com/fashion-age-limit-survey">Are You Too Old to Rock a Bikini?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140222195121/http://www.more.com/fashion-age-limit-survey">Archived</a> February 22, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", More, March 13, 2011 </li> <li id="cite_note-247"><a href="#cite_ref-247">^</a> Alison J. Carter, Underwear: The Fashion History, page 111, Batsford, 1992, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7134-6222-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7134-6222-7">978-0-7134-6222-7</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-248"><a href="#cite_ref-248">^</a> Shaun Cole, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EEEmuePeDX4C&q=bikini+underwear&pg=PA90">The Story of Men's Underwear</a>, pages 90–93, Parkstone International, 2012, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78042-882-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78042-882-6">978-1-78042-882-6</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-249"><a href="#cite_ref-249">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130818070455/http://boxerbriefs.com/history_of_underwear.htm">"The History of Underwear"</a>. Boxerbriefs.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boxerbriefs.com/history_of_underwear.htm">the original</a> on August 18, 2013. Retrieved August 15, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Underwear&rft.pub=Boxerbriefs.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.boxerbriefs.com%2Fhistory_of_underwear.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-250"><a href="#cite_ref-250">^</a> Jennifer Craik, The Face of Fashion: Cultural Studies in Fashion, page 133, Routledge, 1993, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-94056-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-94056-1">978-1-134-94056-1</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-251"><a href="#cite_ref-251">^</a> Christine Schmid, The Swimsuit: Fashion from Poolside to Catwalk, page 6, A&C Black, 2013, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85785-124-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85785-124-6">978-0-85785-124-6</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-252"><a href="#cite_ref-252">^</a> Dan Parker, The Bathing Suit: Christian Liberty Or Secular Idolatry, page 170, Xulon Press, 2003, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59160-753-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59160-753-3">978-1-59160-753-3</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-253"><a href="#cite_ref-253">^</a> Muriel Barbier, Shazia Boucher, The Story of Lingerie, page 139, Parkstone International, 2012, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78042-970-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78042-970-0">978-1-78042-970-0</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-napol-254">^ <a href="#cite_ref-napol_254-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-napol_254-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-napol_254-2">c</a> Anthony Napoleon, Awakening Beauty, page 130, Virtualbookworm Publishing, 2003, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58939-378-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58939-378-3">978-1-58939-378-3</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-ddhills-255">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ddhills_255-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ddhills_255-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ddhills_255-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ddhills_255-3">d</a> Daniel Delis Hill, As Seen in Vogue: A Century of American Fashion in Advertising, page 158, Texas Tech University Press, 2007, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89672-616-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89672-616-1">978-0-89672-616-1</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-256"><a href="#cite_ref-256">^</a> Lisa Cole, Lingerie, the Foundation of a Woman's Life, page 45, Choice Publications, 2005, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9711803-4-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9711803-4-5">978-0-9711803-4-5</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-schmidt-257">^ <a href="#cite_ref-schmidt_257-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-schmidt_257-1">b</a> Christine Schmidt, The Swimsuit: Fashion from Poolside to Catwalk, page 19, Bloomsbury Academic, 2012, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85785-123-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-85785-123-3">0-85785-123-3</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-258"><a href="#cite_ref-258">^</a> Christine Schmid, The Swimsuit: Fashion from Poolside to Catwalk, page 102, A&C Black, 2013, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85785-124-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85785-124-6">978-0-85785-124-6</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-259"><a href="#cite_ref-259">^</a> A. 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Richard Sipe, A Secret World, page 25, Psychology Press, 1990, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87630-585-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-87630-585-0">0-87630-585-0</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-260"><a href="#cite_ref-260">^</a> Ruth Vanita, Queering India, page 207, Routledge, 2002, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-92950-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-92950-4">0-415-92950-4</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-261"><a href="#cite_ref-261">^</a> Sarah Karnasiewicz, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.salon.com/mwt/broadsheet/2006/01/19/mr_saugus/">Here she comes, "Mr. Saugus High School"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090203201013/http://www.salon.com/mwt/broadsheet/2006/01/19/mr_saugus/">Archived</a> February 3, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Salon </li> <li id="cite_note-262"><a href="#cite_ref-262">^</a> Leslie Dunton-Downer, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NBK6FoHLgcEC&q=mankini+bikini&pg=PT44">The English is Coming!: How One Language is Sweeping the World</a>, Simon & Schuster, 2010, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4391-7672-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4391-7672-6">978-1-4391-7672-6</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-263"><a href="#cite_ref-263">^</a> Staff Reporter, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-lancashire-29704452">Blackpool Council considers 'mankini' outfit ban</a>", BBC, November 21, 2014 </li> <li id="cite_note-milady-264">^ <a href="#cite_ref-milady_264-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-milady_264-1">b</a> Helen Bickmore; Milady's Hair Removal Techniques: A Comprehensive Manual; Thomson Delmar Learning; 2003; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4018-1555-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-4018-1555-3">1-4018-1555-3</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-essort-265">^ <a href="#cite_ref-essort_265-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-essort_265-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131225003346/http://www.essortment.com/different-types-bikini-wax-application-techniques-59434.html">"Different Types of Bikini Wax and Application Techniques"</a>. Essortment. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.essortment.com/different-types-bikini-wax-application-techniques-59434.html">the original</a> on December 25, 2013. Retrieved May 9, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Different+Types+of+Bikini+Wax+and+Application+Techniques&rft.pub=Essortment&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.essortment.com%2Fdifferent-types-bikini-wax-application-techniques-59434.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BrBi-266">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BrBi_266-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BrBi_266-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121117052055/http://www.brazilian-bikinis.org/brazilianbikiniwax.html">"Brazilian bikini wax"</a>. Brazilian Bikinis. 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New York: Alpha Books/Penguin Group. p. 196. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59257-464-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59257-464-3"><bdi>978-1-59257-464-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Idiot%27s+Guide+to+Pleasing+Your+Woman&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=196&rft.pub=Alpha+Books%2FPenguin+Group&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-59257-464-3&rft.au=Salinger%2C+Eve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9YISte-SRZEC%26pg%3DPA196&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Boston-269"><a href="#cite_ref-Boston_269-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoston_Women's_Health_Book_Collective,_The2005" class="citation book cs1">Boston Women's Health Book Collective, The (2005). <a href="/wiki/Our_Bodies,_Ourselves" title="Our Bodies, Ourselves">Our Bodies, Ourselves: A New Edition for a New Era</a> (35th anniversary ed.). New York: Touchstone/Simon & Schuster. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ourbodiesoursel00bost/page/4">4</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-5611-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-5611-7"><bdi>978-0-7432-5611-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Our+Bodies%2C+Ourselves%3A+A+New+Edition+for+a+New+Era&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=4&rft.edition=35th+anniversary&rft.pub=Touchstone%2FSimon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-7432-5611-7&rft.au=Boston+Women%27s+Health+Book+Collective%2C+The&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-270"><a href="#cite_ref-270">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHiscockFrances_Lovett2004" class="citation book cs1">Hiscock, Jane; Frances Lovett (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CLHeHGFlQiYC&pg=PA325">Beauty Therapy</a> (2nd ed.). Oxford, UK: Heinemann Educational Publishers. p. 325. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-435-45102-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-435-45102-8"><bdi>978-0-435-45102-8</bdi></a>. Retrieved May 9, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beauty+Therapy&rft.place=Oxford%2C+UK&rft.pages=325&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Heinemann+Educational+Publishers&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-435-45102-8&rft.aulast=Hiscock&rft.aufirst=Jane&rft.au=Frances+Lovett&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCLHeHGFlQiYC%26pg%3DPA325&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-271"><a href="#cite_ref-271">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLatour2002" class="citation book cs1">Latour, Stephanie (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CLHeHGFlQiYC&pg=PA325">Erotic Review's Bedside Companion: An ABC of Delightful Depravity</a>. Anova Books. p. 25. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84411-002-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84411-002-5"><bdi>978-1-84411-002-5</bdi></a>. Retrieved May 9, 2013. <q>Salons offer a choice of waxing styles for women, including the widely renowned Brazilian or Mohican for those concerned not to reveal a single stray pube in the inciest, winciest beachwear, while The Hollywood denotes the full monty.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Erotic+Review%27s+Bedside+Companion%3A+An+ABC+of+Delightful+Depravity&rft.pages=25&rft.pub=Anova+Books&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-84411-002-5&rft.aulast=Latour&rft.aufirst=Stephanie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCLHeHGFlQiYC%26pg%3DPA325&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Embod1-273">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Embod1_273-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Embod1_273-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Embod1_273-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Embod1_273-3">d</a> Heinz Tschachler, Maureen Devine, Michael Draxlbauer; The EmBodyment of American Culture; pp 61–62; LIT Verlag, Berlin-Hamburg-Münster; 2003; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-8258-6762-5" title="Special:BookSources/3-8258-6762-5">3-8258-6762-5</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Han-274"><a href="#cite_ref-Han_274-0">^</a> David L. Hanlon, Geoffrey Miles White, Voyaging Through the Contemporary Pacific, page 99, Rowman & Littlefield, 2000, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0742500454" title="Special:BookSources/0742500454">0742500454</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-heinz-275">^ <a href="#cite_ref-heinz_275-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-heinz_275-1">b</a> Heinz Tschachler, Maureen Devine and Michael Draxlbauer (ed.), The EmBodyment of American Culture, page 62, LIT Verlag Münster, 2003, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8258-6762-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8258-6762-1">978-3-8258-6762-1</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-276"><a href="#cite_ref-276">^</a> Milady, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_DKKtUx5uo4C&q=%22bikini+waxing%22+evolution&pg=PA688">Milady Standard Cosmetology 2012</a>, page 22, Cengage Learning, 2011, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1439059306" title="Special:BookSources/1439059306">1439059306</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt-277">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nyt_277-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt_277-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor1969" class="citation news cs1">Taylor, Angela (October 17, 1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1969/10/17/archives/tanthrough-fabric-lets-sun-shine-in.html">"Tan-Through Fabric Lets Sun Shine In"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. p. 55. 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WHO. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/uv/health/en/">the original</a> on November 27, 2003. Retrieved March 7, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Health+effects+of+UV+radiation&rft.pub=WHO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fuv%2Fhealth%2Fen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-281"><a href="#cite_ref-281">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKanavy_HEGerstenblith_MR2011" class="citation journal cs1">Kanavy HE; Gerstenblith MR (December 2011). "Ultraviolet radiation and melanoma". Semin Cutan Med Surg. 30 (4): 222–228. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.sder.2011.08.003">10.1016/j.sder.2011.08.003</a> (inactive November 1, 2024). <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22123420">22123420</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Semin+Cutan+Med+Surg&rft.atitle=Ultraviolet+radiation+and+melanoma&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=222-228&rft.date=2011-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.sder.2011.08.003&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22123420&rft.au=Kanavy+HE&rft.au=Gerstenblith+MR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_DOI_inactive_as_of_November_2024" title="Category:CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-282"><a href="#cite_ref-282">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFM.C.B._HughesG.M._WilliamsP._BakerA.C._Green2013" class="citation journal cs1">M.C.B. Hughes; G.M. Williams; P. Baker; A.C. Green (June 4, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=1691732">"Sunscreen and Prevention of Skin Aging"</a>. Annals of Internal Medicine. 158 (11): 781–790. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7326%2F0003-4819-158-11-201306040-00002">10.7326/0003-4819-158-11-201306040-00002</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23732711">23732711</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:12250745">12250745</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Internal+Medicine&rft.atitle=Sunscreen+and+Prevention+of+Skin+Aging&rft.volume=158&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=781-790&rft.date=2013-06-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A12250745%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23732711&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7326%2F0003-4819-158-11-201306040-00002&rft.au=M.C.B.+Hughes&rft.au=G.M.+Williams&rft.au=P.+Baker&rft.au=A.C.+Green&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fannals.org%2Farticle.aspx%3Farticleid%3D1691732&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABikini" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-283"><a href="#cite_ref-283">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131012014005/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1082764/3/">"Scorecard: No nudes is good news"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sports_Illustrated" title="Sports Illustrated">Sports Illustrated</a>. 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class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bikini&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/bikini" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/bikini">bikini</a> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Bikini" class="extiw" title="commons:Bikini">Bikini</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/biki/hd_biki.htm">Metropolitan Museum of Art exhibition—The Bikini</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041124201914/http://www.cmp.ucr.edu/exhibitions/ocean-view/essays/lothrop/">The California Swimsuit</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140113031238/http://life.time.com/culture/the-bikini-photos-of-a-summer-fashion-staple/">Two-Piece Be With You: LIFE Celebrates the Bikini</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 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.navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Clothing" title="Template:Clothing"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Clothing" title="Template talk:Clothing"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Clothing" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Clothing"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Clothing" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Clothing" title="Clothing">Clothing</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_clothing_and_textiles" title="History of clothing and textiles">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clothing_industry" title="Clothing industry">Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clothing_technology" title="Clothing technology">Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clothing_terminology" title="Clothing terminology">Terminology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_clothing_and_textiles_technology" title="Timeline of clothing and textiles technology">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Headgear" title="Headgear">Headwear</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beret" title="Beret">Beret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cap" title="Cap">Cap</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_cap" title="Baseball cap">baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat_cap" title="Flat cap">flat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knit_cap" title="Knit cap">knit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown" title="Crown">Crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hat" title="Hat">Hat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boater" title="Boater">boater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowler_hat" title="Bowler hat">bowler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fedora" title="Fedora">fedora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homburg_hat" title="Homburg hat">homburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top_hat" title="Top hat">top</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmet" title="Helmet">Helmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hood_(headgear)" title="Hood (headgear)">Hood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerchief" title="Kerchief">Kerchief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mask" title="Mask">Mask</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turban" title="Turban">Turban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veil" title="Veil">Veil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Neckwear" class="mw-redirect" title="Neckwear">Neckwear</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bands_(neckwear)" title="Bands (neckwear)">Bands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choker" title="Choker">Choker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collar_(clothing)" title="Collar (clothing)">Collar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clerical_collar" title="Clerical collar">Clerical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pussy_bow" title="Pussy bow">Lavallière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neckerchief" title="Neckerchief">Neckerchief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neck_gaiter" title="Neck gaiter">Neck gaiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necktie" title="Necktie">Necktie</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ascot_tie" title="Ascot tie">ascot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolo_tie" title="Bolo tie">bolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bow_tie" title="Bow tie">bow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kipper_tie" title="Kipper tie">kipper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_tie" title="School tie">school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_tie" title="Stock tie">stock</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scarf" title="Scarf">Scarf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tippet" title="Tippet">Tippet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Top_(clothing)" title="Top (clothing)">Tops</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blouse" title="Blouse">Blouse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cache-c%C5%93ur" title="Cache-cœur">cache-cœur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crop_top" title="Crop top">crop top</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halterneck" title="Halterneck">halterneck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tube_top" title="Tube top">tube top</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_jersey" title="Cycling jersey">Cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurta" title="Kurta">Kurta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantle_(clothing)" title="Mantle (clothing)">Mantle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirt" title="Shirt">Shirt</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dress_shirt" title="Dress shirt">dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henley_shirt" title="Henley shirt">Henley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polo_shirt" title="Polo shirt">polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleeveless_shirt" title="Sleeveless shirt">sleeveless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-shirt" title="T-shirt">T</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crew_neck" title="Crew neck">crew neck</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweater" title="Sweater">Sweater</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cardigan_(sweater)" title="Cardigan (sweater)">cardigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guernsey_(clothing)" title="Guernsey (clothing)">guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoodie" title="Hoodie">hoodie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_(clothing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jersey (clothing)">jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polo_neck" title="Polo neck">polo neck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrug_(clothing)" title="Shrug (clothing)">shrug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweater_vest" title="Sweater vest">sweater vest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twinset" title="Twinset">twinset</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waistcoat" title="Waistcoat">Waistcoat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bottoms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Trousers" title="Trousers">Trousers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bell-bottoms" title="Bell-bottoms">Bell-bottoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bondage_pants" title="Bondage pants">Bondage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capri_pants" title="Capri pants">Capri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cargo_pants" title="Cargo pants">Cargo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaps" title="Chaps">Chaps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formal_trousers" title="Formal trousers">Formal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go-to-hell_pants" title="Go-to-hell pants">Go-to-hell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-rise_(fashion)" title="High-rise (fashion)">High water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-rise_(fashion)" title="Low-rise (fashion)">Lowrise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeans" title="Jeans">Jeans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jodhpurs" title="Jodhpurs">Jodhpurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overalls" title="Overalls">Overalls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_pants" title="Palazzo pants">Palazzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parachute_pants" title="Parachute pants">Parachute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedal_pushers" title="Pedal pushers">Pedal pushers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phat_pants" title="Phat pants">Phat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shorts" title="Shorts">Shorts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_shorts" title="Bermuda shorts">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_shorts" title="Cycling shorts">cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolphin_shorts" title="Dolphin shorts">dolphin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gym_shorts" title="Gym shorts">gym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotpants" title="Hotpants">hotpants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Running_shorts" title="Running shorts">running</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slim-fit_pants" title="Slim-fit pants">Slim-fit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweatpants" title="Sweatpants">Sweatpants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windpants" class="mw-redirect" title="Windpants">Windpants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_pants" title="Yoga pants">Yoga pants</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Skirt" title="Skirt">Skirts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A-line_(clothing)" title="A-line (clothing)">A-line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballerina_skirt" title="Ballerina skirt">Ballerina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denim_skirt" title="Denim skirt">Denim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men%27s_skirts" title="Men's skirts">Men's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miniskirt" title="Miniskirt">Miniskirt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pencil_skirt" title="Pencil skirt">Pencil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prairie_skirt" class="mw-redirect" title="Prairie skirt">Prairie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rah-rah_skirt" title="Rah-rah skirt">Rah-rah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarong" title="Sarong">Sarong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skort" title="Skort">Skort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutu_(clothing)" title="Tutu (clothing)">Tutu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrap_(clothing)" title="Wrap (clothing)">Wrap</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Suit" title="Suit">Suits</a> and <a href="/wiki/Uniform" title="Uniform">uniforms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_dress" title="Ceremonial dress">Ceremonial dress</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_dress" title="Academic dress">academic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_dress" title="Court dress">court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_uniform" title="Diplomatic uniform">diplomatic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_costume" title="Folk costume">Folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jodhpuri" title="Jodhpuri">Jodhpuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jumpsuit" title="Jumpsuit">Jumpsuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_uniform" title="Military uniform">Military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Full_dress_uniform" title="Full dress uniform">full</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mess_dress_uniform" title="Mess dress uniform">mess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_dress_uniform" title="Service dress uniform">service</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sailor_suit" title="Sailor suit">sailor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_uniform" title="Combat uniform">combat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantsuit" title="Pantsuit">Pantsuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_uniform" title="Political uniform">Political</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_clothing" title="Religious clothing">Religious</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cassock" title="Cassock">cassock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerical_clothing" title="Clerical clothing">clerical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vestment" title="Vestment">vestment</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_uniform" title="School uniform">School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prison_uniform" title="Prison uniform">Prison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workwear" title="Workwear">Workwear</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boilersuit" title="Boilersuit">boilersuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleanroom_suit" title="Cleanroom suit">cleanroom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazmat_suit" title="Hazmat suit">hazmat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_suit" title="Space suit">space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scrubs_(clothing)" title="Scrubs (clothing)">scrubs</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dress" title="Dress">Dresses</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gown" title="Gown">gowns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Formal, semi- formal, informal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Backless_dress" title="Backless dress">Backless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouffant_gown" title="Bouffant gown">Bouffant gown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coatdress" title="Coatdress">Coatdress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocktail_dress" title="Cocktail dress">Cocktail</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Little_black_dress" title="Little black dress">little black</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evening_gown" title="Evening gown">Evening</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ball_gown" title="Ball gown">ball gown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debutante_dress" title="Debutante dress">debutante</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plain_dress" title="Plain dress">Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prairie_dress" title="Prairie dress">Prairie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_line" title="Princess line">Princess line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strapless_dress" title="Strapless dress">Strapless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_dress" title="Wedding dress">Wedding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrap_dress" title="Wrap dress">Wrap</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Casual</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_dress" title="House dress">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jumper_(dress)" title="Jumper (dress)">Jumper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romper_suit" title="Romper suit">Romper suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheath_dress" title="Sheath dress">Sheath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirtdress" title="Shirtdress">Shirtdress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slip_dress" title="Slip dress">Slip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundress" title="Sundress">Sundress</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Coat" title="Coat">Coats</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_outerwear" title="List of outerwear">outerwear</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Overcoats" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Overcoat" title="Overcoat">Overcoats</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Car_coat" title="Car coat">Car</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chesterfield_coat" title="Chesterfield coat">Chesterfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covert_coat" title="Covert coat">Covert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duffel_coat" title="Duffel coat">Duffel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duster_(clothing)" title="Duster (clothing)">Duster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greatcoat" title="Greatcoat">Greatcoat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Warm" title="British Warm">British Warm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guards_Coat" title="Guards Coat">Guards Coat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greca_(clothing)" title="Greca (clothing)">Greca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Over-frock_coat" title="Over-frock coat">Over-frock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riding_coat" title="Riding coat">Riding</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shadbelly" title="Shadbelly">shadbelly</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trench_coat" title="Trench coat">Trench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_coat" title="Ulster coat">Ulster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloak" title="Cloak">Cloak</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Opera_cloak" title="Opera cloak">opera</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paletot" title="Paletot">Paletot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pea_coat" title="Pea coat">Pea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polo_coat" title="Polo coat">Polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raincoat" title="Raincoat">Raincoat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mackintosh" title="Mackintosh">Mackintosh</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Suit coats</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frock_coat" title="Frock coat">Frock coat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bekishe" title="Bekishe">bekishe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rekel" title="Rekel">rekel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mess_jacket" title="Mess jacket">Mess jacket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suit_jacket" title="Suit jacket">Suit jacket</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blazer" title="Blazer">Blazer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_jacket" title="Smoking jacket">smoking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_coat" title="Sport coat">sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teba_jacket" title="Teba jacket">Teba</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tailcoat" title="Tailcoat">Tailcoat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_tie#Dress_coat" title="White tie">dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morning_dress#Morning_coat" title="Morning dress">morning</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apron" title="Apron">Apron</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pinafore" title="Pinafore">pinafore</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blouson" title="Blouson">Blouson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cagoule" title="Cagoule">Cagoule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape" title="Cape">Cape</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferraiolo" title="Ferraiolo">ferraiolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inverness_cape" title="Inverness cape">Inverness</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantle_(clothing)" title="Mantle (clothing)">Mantle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mantle_(monastic_vesture)" title="Mantle (monastic vesture)">monastic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantle_(royal_garment)" title="Mantle (royal garment)">royal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozzetta" title="Mozzetta">mozzetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pellegrina" title="Pellegrina">pellegrina</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coatee" title="Coatee">Coatee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cut-off" title="Cut-off">Cut-off</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilet" title="Gilet">Gilet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacket" title="Jacket">Jacket</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Down_jacket" title="Down jacket">down</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_jacket" title="Flight jacket">flight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goggle_jacket" title="Goggle jacket">goggle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrington_jacket" title="Harrington jacket">Harrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leather_jacket" title="Leather jacket">leather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mackinaw_jacket" title="Mackinaw jacket">mackinaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_jacket" title="Norfolk jacket">Norfolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safari_jacket" title="Safari jacket">safari</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerkin_(garment)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerkin (garment)">Jerkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_coat" title="White coat">Lab coat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parka" title="Parka">Parka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poncho" title="Poncho">Poncho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robe" title="Robe">Robe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bathrobe" title="Bathrobe">bathrobe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dressing_gown" title="Dressing gown">dressing gown</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shawl" title="Shawl">Shawl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ski_suit" title="Ski suit">Ski suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleeved_blanket" title="Sleeved blanket">Sleeved blanket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windbreaker" title="Windbreaker">Windbreaker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Underwear" title="Underwear">Underwear</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lingerie" title="Lingerie">lingerie</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Top</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bra" title="Bra">Bra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camisole" title="Camisole">Camisole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undershirt" title="Undershirt">Undershirt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bottom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diaper" title="Diaper">Diaper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Training_pants" title="Training pants">Training pants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leggings" title="Leggings">Leggings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panties" title="Panties">Panties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_pants" title="Plastic pants">Plastic pants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slip_(clothing)" title="Slip (clothing)">Slip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thong" title="Thong">Thong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underpants" title="Underpants">Underpants</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boxer_briefs" title="Boxer briefs">boxer briefs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boxer_shorts" title="Boxer shorts">boxer shorts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Briefs" title="Briefs">briefs</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Full</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bodysuit" title="Bodysuit">Bodysuit, adult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infant_bodysuit" title="Infant bodysuit">Bodysuit, infant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_underwear" title="Long underwear">Long underwear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/See-through_clothing" title="See-through clothing">See-through</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teddy_(garment)" title="Teddy (garment)">Teddy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nightwear" title="Nightwear">Nightwear</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Babydoll" title="Babydoll">Babydoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babygrow" title="Babygrow">Babygrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanket_sleeper" title="Blanket sleeper">Blanket sleeper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negligee" title="Negligee">Negligee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nightgown" title="Nightgown">Nightgown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nightshirt" title="Nightshirt">Nightshirt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pajamas" title="Pajamas">Pajamas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Swimsuit" title="Swimsuit">Swimwear</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bikini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkini" title="Burkini">Burkini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boardshorts" title="Boardshorts">Boardshorts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry_suit" title="Dry suit">Dry suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monokini" title="Monokini">Monokini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-piece_swimsuit" title="One-piece swimsuit">One-piece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rash_guard" title="Rash guard">Rash guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sling_swimsuit" title="Sling swimsuit">Sling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Square_leg_suit" class="mw-redirect" title="Square leg suit">Square leg suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swim_briefs" title="Swim briefs">Swim briefs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swim_diaper" title="Swim diaper">Swim diaper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trunks_(clothing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trunks (clothing)">Trunks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wetsuit" title="Wetsuit">Wetsuit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hosiery" title="Hosiery">Legwear</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sock" title="Sock">Sock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hold-ups" title="Hold-ups">Hold-ups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garter" title="Garter">Garter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantyhose" title="Pantyhose">Pantyhose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stocking" title="Stocking">Stocking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tights" title="Tights">Tights</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Footwear" title="Footwear">Footwear</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boot" title="Boot">Boot</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dress_boot" title="Dress boot">Dress boot</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flip-flops" title="Flip-flops">Flip-flops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandal" title="Sandal">Sandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoe" title="Shoe">Shoe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dress_shoe" title="Dress shoe">Dress shoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_shoe" title="Court shoe">Court shoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sneaker" class="mw-redirect" title="Sneaker">Sneaker</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slipper" title="Slipper">Slipper</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fashion_accessory" title="Fashion accessory">Accessories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Adornments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armband" title="Armband">Armband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belt_(clothing)" title="Belt (clothing)">Belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boutonni%C3%A8re" title="Boutonnière">Boutonnière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coin_purse" title="Coin purse">Coin purse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cufflink" title="Cufflink">Cufflink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cummerbund" title="Cummerbund">Cummerbund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaiters" title="Gaiters">Gaiters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasses" title="Glasses">Glasses</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sunglasses" title="Sunglasses">Sunglasses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glove" title="Glove">Gloves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headband" title="Headband">Headband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handbag" title="Handbag">Handbag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inro" title="Inro">Inro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewellery" title="Jewellery">Jewellery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livery" title="Livery">Livery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muff_(handwarmer)" title="Muff (handwarmer)">Muff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pocket_protector" title="Pocket protector">Pocket protector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pocket_watch" title="Pocket watch">Pocket watch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sash" title="Sash">Sash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spats_(footwear)" title="Spats (footwear)">Spats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suspenders" title="Suspenders">Suspenders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallet" title="Wallet">Wallet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watch" title="Watch">Watch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-worn items</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hand_fan" title="Hand fan">Hand fan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umbrella" title="Umbrella">Umbrella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walking_stick" title="Walking stick">Walking stick</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dress_code" title="Dress code">Dress codes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Western" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_dress_codes" title="Western dress codes">Western</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Formal_wear" title="Formal wear">Formal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Morning_dress" title="Morning dress">morning dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_tie" title="White tie">white tie</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semi-formal_wear" title="Semi-formal wear">Semi-formal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_lounge_suit" title="Black lounge suit">black lounge suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_tie" title="Black tie">black tie</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Informal_wear" title="Informal wear">Informal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_casual" title="Business casual">Business casual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_casual" title="Smart casual">Smart casual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casual_wear" title="Casual wear">Casual</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clothing_fetish" title="Clothing fetish">Clothing fetish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clothing_swap" title="Clothing swap">Clothing swap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costume" title="Costume">Costume</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Creature_suit" title="Creature suit">creature suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halloween_costume" title="Halloween costume">Halloween costume</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-dressing" title="Cross-dressing">Cross-dressing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_fashion" title="Environmental impact of fashion">Environmental impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion" title="Fashion">Fashion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haute_couture" title="Haute couture">haute couture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Made-to-measure" title="Made-to-measure">made-to-measure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ready-to-wear" title="Ready-to-wear">ready-to-wear</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fur_clothing" title="Fur clothing">Fur clothing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_types_of_fur" title="List of types of fur">types</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fursuit" title="Fursuit">Fursuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_trade_of_secondhand_clothing" title="Global trade of secondhand clothing">Global trade of secondhand clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clothing_laws_by_country" title="Clothing laws by country">Laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_individual_dresses" title="List of individual dresses">List of individual dresses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstructed_clothing" title="Reconstructed clothing">Reconstructed clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_clothing" title="Right to clothing">Right to clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vintage_clothing" title="Vintage clothing">Vintage clothing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Emojione_1F458.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Emojione_1F458.svg/28px-Emojione_1F458.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Emojione_1F458.svg/42px-Emojione_1F458.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Emojione_1F458.svg/56px-Emojione_1F458.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Clothing" title="Portal:Clothing">Clothing portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Lingerie" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#C8A2C8"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Lingerie" title="Template:Lingerie"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Lingerie" title="Template talk:Lingerie"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Lingerie" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Lingerie"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lingerie" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Lingerie" title="Lingerie">Lingerie</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#C8A2C8;width:1%">Upper torso</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_bra_designs" title="List of bra designs">Types</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bra" title="Bra">bras</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_bras" title="History of bras">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandeau" title="Bandeau">Bandeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bralette" title="Bralette">Bralette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nursing_bra" title="Nursing bra">Nursing bra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_bra" title="Sports bra">Sports bra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Training_bra" title="Training bra">Training bra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwire_bra" title="Underwire bra">Underwire bra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Male_bra" title="Male bra">Male bra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Other garments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Babydoll" title="Babydoll">Babydoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bustier" title="Bustier">Bustier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camisole" title="Camisole">Camisole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dudou" title="Dudou">Dudou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negligee" title="Negligee">Negligee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nightgown" title="Nightgown">Nightgown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torsolette" class="mw-redirect" title="Torsolette">Torsolette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%E1%BA%BFm" title="Yếm">Yếm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#C8A2C8;width:1%">Lower torso</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bikini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boyshorts" class="mw-redirect" title="Boyshorts">Boyshorts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_knickers" title="French knickers">French knickers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundoshi" title="Fundoshi">Fundoshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girdle_(undergarment)" title="Girdle (undergarment)">Girdle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girl_boxers" class="mw-redirect" title="Girl boxers">Girl boxers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panties" title="Panties">Panties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Period_underwear" title="Period underwear">Period underwear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thong" title="Thong">Tanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tap_pants" title="Tap pants">Tap pants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thong" title="Thong">Thong</a> (<a href="/wiki/G-string" title="G-string">G-string</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloomers" title="Bloomers">Bloomers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#C8A2C8;width:1%">Full torso</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bodice" title="Bodice">Bodice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corset" title="Corset">Corset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corselet" title="Corselet">Corselet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundation_garment" title="Foundation garment">Foundation garment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nightshirt" title="Nightshirt">Nightshirt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Playsuit_(lingerie)" class="mw-redirect" title="Playsuit (lingerie)">Playsuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slip_(clothing)" title="Slip (clothing)">Slip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teddy_(garment)" title="Teddy (garment)">Teddy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#C8A2C8;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hosiery" title="Hosiery">Hosiery</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bodystocking" title="Bodystocking">Bodystocking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garter" title="Garter">Garter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hold-ups" title="Hold-ups">Hold-ups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knee_highs" title="Knee highs">Knee highs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantyhose" title="Pantyhose">Pantyhose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stocking" title="Stocking">Stocking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tights" title="Tights">Tights</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#C8A2C8;width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basque_(clothing)" title="Basque (clothing)">Basque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boudoir_cap" title="Boudoir cap">Boudoir cap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bustle" title="Bustle">Bustle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemise" title="Chemise">Chemise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crinoline" title="Crinoline">Crinoline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farthingale" title="Farthingale">Farthingale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoop_skirt" title="Hoop skirt">Hoop skirt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_bodice" title="Liberty bodice">Liberty bodice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pannier_(clothing)" title="Pannier (clothing)">Pannier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantalettes" title="Pantalettes">Pantalettes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petticoat" title="Petticoat">Petticoat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pettipants" title="Pettipants">Pettipants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waist_cincher" title="Waist 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<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bras_N_Things" title="Bras N Things">Bras N Things</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmo_Lady" title="Cosmo Lady">Cosmo Lady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figleaves" title="Figleaves">Figleaves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HerRoom" title="HerRoom">HerRoom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journelle" title="Journelle">Journelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/True_%26_Co." title="True & Co.">True & Co.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#C8A2C8;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corset_controversy" title="Corset controversy">Corset controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bralessness" title="Bralessness">Bralessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingerie_party" title="Lingerie party">Lingerie party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_Lingerie_Awards" title="UK Lingerie Awards">UK Lingerie Awards</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14090#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" 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