CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html>    <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:og="http://ogp.me/ns#" xmlns:fb="https://www.facebook.com/2008/fbml" lang="en-US">  <head> <meta charset="UTF-8" /> <title>Charting the Cosmic Shoreline: Which Planets Have Atmospheres? - AAS Nova</title> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />  <meta property="og:title" content="Charting the Cosmic Shoreline: Which Planets Have Atmospheres?" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://aasnova.org/2024/11/20/charting-the-cosmic-shoreline-which-planets-have-atmospheres-gl-486b/"/> <meta property="og:description" content="New observations of the M-dwarf exoplanet Gliese 486b help astronomers map the location of the cosmic shoreline, which separates planets with atmospheres from those without." /> <meta property="og:type" content="blog" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://aasnova.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/jpegPIA21473.jpg" />  <link rel="pingback" href="https://aasnova.org/xmlrpc.php" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://aasnova.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/AAS-logo-transparent.ico" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="https://aasnova.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/favicon.png" /> <meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' /> <script type="text/javascript" id="wpp-js" src="https://aasnova.org/wp-content/plugins/wordpress-popular-posts/assets/js/wpp.min.js?ver=7.1.0" data-sampling="0" data-sampling-rate="100" data-api-url="https://aasnova.org/wp-json/wordpress-popular-posts" data-post-id="12984" data-token="ca08c0ed42" data-lang="0" data-debug="0"></script>  <meta name="description" content="New observations of exoplanet Gl 486b help astronomers map out which planets have atmospheres and which do not." /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://aasnova.org/2024/11/20/charting-the-cosmic-shoreline-which-planets-have-atmospheres-gl-486b/" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Charting the Cosmic Shoreline: Which Planets Have Atmospheres? - AAS Nova" /> <meta property="og:description" content="New observations of exoplanet Gl 486b help astronomers map out which planets have atmospheres and which do not." /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://aasnova.org/2024/11/20/charting-the-cosmic-shoreline-which-planets-have-atmospheres-gl-486b/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="AAS Nova" /> <meta property="article:publisher" content="https://www.facebook.com/aasnova" /> <meta property="article:published_time" content="2024-11-20T17:00:44+00:00" /> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2024-11-19T18:31:21+00:00" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://aasnova.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/jpegPIA21473.jpg" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="2200" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1700" /> <meta property="og:image:type" content="image/jpeg" /> <meta name="author" content="Kerry Hensley" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:creator" content="@AASNova" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@AASNova" /> <meta name="twitter:label1" content="Written by" /> <meta name="twitter:data1" content="Kerry Hensley" /> <meta name="twitter:label2" content="Est. reading time" /> <meta name="twitter:data2" content="4 minutes" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https://aasnova.org/2024/11/20/charting-the-cosmic-shoreline-which-planets-have-atmospheres-gl-486b/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://aasnova.org/2024/11/20/charting-the-cosmic-shoreline-which-planets-have-atmospheres-gl-486b/"},"author":{"name":"Kerry Hensley","@id":"https://aasnova.org/#/schema/person/45896a0fac7cc8f646e98706ea6c6626"},"headline":"Charting the Cosmic Shoreline: Which Planets Have Atmospheres?","datePublished":"2024-11-20T17:00:44+00:00","dateModified":"2024-11-19T18:31:21+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https://aasnova.org/2024/11/20/charting-the-cosmic-shoreline-which-planets-have-atmospheres-gl-486b/"},"wordCount":709,"publisher":{"@id":"https://aasnova.org/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https://aasnova.org/2024/11/20/charting-the-cosmic-shoreline-which-planets-have-atmospheres-gl-486b/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https://aasnova.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/jpegPIA21473.jpg","keywords":["atmospheres","atmospheric loss","exoplanets","JWST"],"articleSection":["Features","Highlights"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://aasnova.org/2024/11/20/charting-the-cosmic-shoreline-which-planets-have-atmospheres-gl-486b/","url":"https://aasnova.org/2024/11/20/charting-the-cosmic-shoreline-which-planets-have-atmospheres-gl-486b/","name":"Charting the Cosmic Shoreline: Which Planets Have Atmospheres? - AAS Nova","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://aasnova.org/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https://aasnova.org/2024/11/20/charting-the-cosmic-shoreline-which-planets-have-atmospheres-gl-486b/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https://aasnova.org/2024/11/20/charting-the-cosmic-shoreline-which-planets-have-atmospheres-gl-486b/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https://aasnova.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/jpegPIA21473.jpg","datePublished":"2024-11-20T17:00:44+00:00","dateModified":"2024-11-19T18:31:21+00:00","description":"New observations of exoplanet Gl 486b help astronomers map out which planets have atmospheres and which do not.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://aasnova.org/2024/11/20/charting-the-cosmic-shoreline-which-planets-have-atmospheres-gl-486b/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https://aasnova.org/2024/11/20/charting-the-cosmic-shoreline-which-planets-have-atmospheres-gl-486b/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://aasnova.org/2024/11/20/charting-the-cosmic-shoreline-which-planets-have-atmospheres-gl-486b/#primaryimage","url":"https://aasnova.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/jpegPIA21473.jpg","contentUrl":"https://aasnova.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/jpegPIA21473.jpg","width":2200,"height":1700,"caption":"Illustration of an M-dwarf star covered in sunspots and emitting a stellar flare. Its planet is subjected to fierce stellar activity that strips away the planet's atmosphere. [NASA/ESA/STScI/G. Bacon]"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://aasnova.org/2024/11/20/charting-the-cosmic-shoreline-which-planets-have-atmospheres-gl-486b/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https://aasnova.org/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Charting the Cosmic Shoreline: Which Planets Have Atmospheres?"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://aasnova.org/#website","url":"https://aasnova.org/","name":"AAS Nova","description":"Research highlights from the journals of the American Astronomical Society","publisher":{"@id":"https://aasnova.org/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://aasnova.org/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https://aasnova.org/#organization","name":"AAS Nova","url":"https://aasnova.org/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://aasnova.org/#/schema/logo/image/","url":"https://aasnova.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/AAS-NOVA-logo-3-RGB.jpg","contentUrl":"https://aasnova.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/AAS-NOVA-logo-3-RGB.jpg","width":630,"height":180,"caption":"AAS Nova"},"image":{"@id":"https://aasnova.org/#/schema/logo/image/"},"sameAs":["https://www.facebook.com/aasnova","https://x.com/AASNova"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https://aasnova.org/#/schema/person/45896a0fac7cc8f646e98706ea6c6626","name":"Kerry Hensley","url":"https://aasnova.org/author/kerry/"}]}</script>  <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//widgetlogic.org' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//fonts.googleapis.com' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="AAS Nova » Feed" href="https://aasnova.org/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="AAS Nova » Comments Feed" href="https://aasnova.org/comments/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="AAS Nova » Charting the Cosmic Shoreline: Which Planets Have Atmospheres? Comments Feed" href="https://aasnova.org/2024/11/20/charting-the-cosmic-shoreline-which-planets-have-atmospheres-gl-486b/feed/" />  <script src="//www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-RXKB39JGKX" data-cfasync="false" data-wpfc-render="false" type="text/javascript" async></script> <script data-cfasync="false" data-wpfc-render="false" type="text/javascript"> var mi_version = '9.2.0'; var mi_track_user = true; var mi_no_track_reason = ''; var MonsterInsightsDefaultLocations = {"page_location":"https:\/\/aasnova.org\/2024\/11\/20\/charting-the-cosmic-shoreline-which-planets-have-atmospheres-gl-486b\/"}; if ( typeof MonsterInsightsPrivacyGuardFilter === 'function' ) { var MonsterInsightsLocations = (typeof MonsterInsightsExcludeQuery === 'object') ? MonsterInsightsPrivacyGuardFilter( MonsterInsightsExcludeQuery ) : MonsterInsightsPrivacyGuardFilter( MonsterInsightsDefaultLocations ); } else { var MonsterInsightsLocations = (typeof MonsterInsightsExcludeQuery === 'object') ? MonsterInsightsExcludeQuery : MonsterInsightsDefaultLocations; } var disableStrs = [ 'ga-disable-G-RXKB39JGKX', ]; /* Function to detect opted out users */ function __gtagTrackerIsOptedOut() { for (var index = 0; index < disableStrs.length; index++) { if (document.cookie.indexOf(disableStrs[index] + '=true') > -1) { return true; } } return false; } /* Disable tracking if the opt-out cookie exists. */ if (__gtagTrackerIsOptedOut()) { for (var index = 0; index < disableStrs.length; index++) { window[disableStrs[index]] = true; } } /* Opt-out function */ function __gtagTrackerOptout() { for (var index = 0; index < disableStrs.length; index++) { document.cookie = disableStrs[index] + '=true; expires=Thu, 31 Dec 2099 23:59:59 UTC; path=/'; window[disableStrs[index]] = true; } } if ('undefined' === typeof gaOptout) { function gaOptout() { __gtagTrackerOptout(); } } window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; window.MonsterInsightsDualTracker = { helpers: {}, trackers: {}, }; if (mi_track_user) { function __gtagDataLayer() { dataLayer.push(arguments); } function __gtagTracker(type, name, parameters) { if (!parameters) { parameters = {}; } if (parameters.send_to) { __gtagDataLayer.apply(null, arguments); return; } if (type === 'event') { parameters.send_to = monsterinsights_frontend.v4_id; var hookName = name; if (typeof parameters['event_category'] !== 'undefined') { hookName = parameters['event_category'] + ':' + name; } if (typeof MonsterInsightsDualTracker.trackers[hookName] !== 'undefined') { MonsterInsightsDualTracker.trackers[hookName](parameters); } else { __gtagDataLayer('event', name, parameters); } } else { __gtagDataLayer.apply(null, arguments); } } __gtagTracker('js', new Date()); __gtagTracker('set', { 'developer_id.dZGIzZG': true, }); if ( MonsterInsightsLocations.page_location ) { __gtagTracker('set', MonsterInsightsLocations); } __gtagTracker('config', 'G-RXKB39JGKX', {"forceSSL":"true"} ); window.gtag = __gtagTracker; (function () { /* https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/ */ /* ga and __gaTracker compatibility shim. */ var noopfn = function () { return null; }; var newtracker = function () { return new Tracker(); }; var Tracker = function () { return null; }; var p = Tracker.prototype; p.get = noopfn; p.set = noopfn; p.send = function () { var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments); args.unshift('send'); __gaTracker.apply(null, args); }; var __gaTracker = function () { var len = arguments.length; if (len === 0) { return; } var f = arguments[len - 1]; if (typeof f !== 'object' || f === null || typeof f.hitCallback !== 'function') { if ('send' === arguments[0]) { var hitConverted, hitObject = false, action; if ('event' === arguments[1]) { if ('undefined' !== typeof arguments[3]) { hitObject = { 'eventAction': arguments[3], 'eventCategory': arguments[2], 'eventLabel': arguments[4], 'value': arguments[5] ? arguments[5] : 1, } } } if ('pageview' === arguments[1]) { if ('undefined' !== typeof arguments[2]) { hitObject = { 'eventAction': 'page_view', 'page_path': arguments[2], } } } if (typeof arguments[2] === 'object') { hitObject = arguments[2]; } if (typeof arguments[5] === 'object') { Object.assign(hitObject, arguments[5]); } if ('undefined' !== typeof arguments[1].hitType) { hitObject = arguments[1]; if ('pageview' === hitObject.hitType) { hitObject.eventAction = 'page_view'; } } if (hitObject) { action = 'timing' === arguments[1].hitType ? 'timing_complete' : hitObject.eventAction; hitConverted = mapArgs(hitObject); __gtagTracker('event', action, hitConverted); } } return; } function mapArgs(args) { var arg, hit = {}; var gaMap = { 'eventCategory': 'event_category', 'eventAction': 'event_action', 'eventLabel': 'event_label', 'eventValue': 'event_value', 'nonInteraction': 'non_interaction', 'timingCategory': 'event_category', 'timingVar': 'name', 'timingValue': 'value', 'timingLabel': 'event_label', 'page': 'page_path', 'location': 'page_location', 'title': 'page_title', 'referrer' : 'page_referrer', }; for (arg in args) { if (!(!args.hasOwnProperty(arg) || !gaMap.hasOwnProperty(arg))) { hit[gaMap[arg]] = args[arg]; } else { hit[arg] = args[arg]; } } return hit; } try { f.hitCallback(); } catch (ex) { } }; __gaTracker.create = newtracker; __gaTracker.getByName = newtracker; __gaTracker.getAll = function () { return []; }; __gaTracker.remove = noopfn; __gaTracker.loaded = true; window['__gaTracker'] = __gaTracker; })(); } else { console.log(""); (function () { function __gtagTracker() { return null; } window['__gtagTracker'] = __gtagTracker; window['gtag'] = __gtagTracker; })(); } </script>  <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/aasnova.org\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=6.6.2"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); /* ]]> */ </script> <link rel='stylesheet' id='validate-engine-css-css' href='https://aasnova.org/wp-content/plugins/wysija-newsletters/css/validationEngine.jquery.css?ver=2.21' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='hashabr-block-style-css' href='https://aasnova.org/wp-content/plugins/hashbar-wp-notification-bar/assets/css/block-style-index.css?ver=1.5.4' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='block-widget-css' href='https://aasnova.org/wp-content/plugins/widget-logic/block_widget/css/widget.css?ver=1727262151' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='hashbar-frontend-css' href='https://aasnova.org/wp-content/plugins/hashbar-wp-notification-bar/assets/css/frontend.css?ver=1.5.4' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='responsive-lightbox-prettyphoto-css' href='https://aasnova.org/wp-content/plugins/responsive-lightbox/assets/prettyphoto/prettyPhoto.min.css?ver=2.4.8' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='rs-plugin-settings-css' href='https://aasnova.org/wp-content/plugins/revslider/public/assets/css/rs6.css?ver=6.2.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='rs-plugin-settings-inline-css' type='text/css'> .tp-caption a{color:#ff7302;text-shadow:none;-webkit-transition:all 0.2s ease-out;-moz-transition:all 0.2s ease-out;-o-transition:all 0.2s ease-out;-ms-transition:all 0.2s ease-out}.tp-caption a:hover{color:#ffa902} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='rpadv-css-css' href='https://aasnova.org/wp-content/plugins/wp-visual-adverts/assets/css/style.css?ver=6.6.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ye_dynamic-css' href='https://aasnova.org/wp-content/plugins/youtube-embed/css/main.min.css?ver=5.3.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='smartmag-fonts-css' href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:400,400Italic,600,700|Roboto+Slab|Merriweather:300italic&subset' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='smartmag-core-css' href='https://aasnova.org/wp-content/themes/smart-mag-child/style.css?ver=2.5.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='smartmag-responsive-css' href='https://aasnova.org/wp-content/themes/smart-mag/css/responsive.css?ver=2.5.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='smartmag-font-awesome-css' href='https://aasnova.org/wp-content/themes/smart-mag/css/fontawesome/css/font-awesome.min.css?ver=2.5.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='custom-css-css' href='https://aasnova.org/?bunyad_custom_css=1&ver=6.6.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://aasnova.org/wp-content/plugins/google-analytics-for-wordpress/assets/js/frontend-gtag.min.js?ver=9.2.0" id="monsterinsights-frontend-script-js" async="async" data-wp-strategy="async"></script> <script data-cfasync="false" data-wpfc-render="false" type="text/javascript" id='monsterinsights-frontend-script-js-extra'>/* <![CDATA[ */ var monsterinsights_frontend = {"js_events_tracking":"true","download_extensions":"doc,pdf,ppt,zip,xls,docx,pptx,xlsx","inbound_paths":"[]","home_url":"https:\/\/aasnova.org","hash_tracking":"false","v4_id":"G-RXKB39JGKX"};/* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://aasnova.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://aasnova.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="hashbar-frontend-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var hashbar_localize = {"dont_show_bar_after_close":"","notification_display_time":"400","bar_keep_closed":"","cookies_expire_time":"","cookies_expire_type":""}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://aasnova.org/wp-content/plugins/hashbar-wp-notification-bar/assets/js/frontend.js?ver=1.5.4" id="hashbar-frontend-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://aasnova.org/wp-content/plugins/hashbar-wp-notification-bar/assets/js/js.cookie.min.js?ver=1.5.4" id="js-cookie-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://aasnova.org/wp-content/plugins/responsive-lightbox/assets/infinitescroll/infinite-scroll.pkgd.min.js?ver=6.6.2" id="responsive-lightbox-infinite-scroll-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://aasnova.org/wp-content/plugins/revslider/public/assets/js/rbtools.min.js?ver=6.0" id="tp-tools-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://aasnova.org/wp-content/plugins/revslider/public/assets/js/rs6.min.js?ver=6.2.2" id="revmin-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="rpadv-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var ajax_rpadv = {"base_url":"https:\/\/aasnova.org","ajax_url":"https:\/\/aasnova.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","ajax_nonce":"119412bab0"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://aasnova.org/wp-content/plugins/wp-visual-adverts/assets/js/main.js?ver=6.6.2" id="rpadv-js"></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://aasnova.org/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://aasnova.org/wp-json/wp/v2/posts/12984" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://aasnova.org/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <link rel='shortlink' href='https://aasnova.org/?p=12984' /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://aasnova.org/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Faasnova.org%2F2024%2F11%2F20%2Fcharting-the-cosmic-shoreline-which-planets-have-atmospheres-gl-486b%2F" /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://aasnova.org/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Faasnova.org%2F2024%2F11%2F20%2Fcharting-the-cosmic-shoreline-which-planets-have-atmospheres-gl-486b%2F&format=xml" /> <style id="wpp-loading-animation-styles">@-webkit-keyframes bgslide{from{background-position-x:0}to{background-position-x:-200%}}@keyframes bgslide{from{background-position-x:0}to{background-position-x:-200%}}.wpp-widget-block-placeholder,.wpp-shortcode-placeholder{margin:0 auto;width:60px;height:3px;background:#dd3737;background:linear-gradient(90deg,#dd3737 0%,#571313 10%,#dd3737 100%);background-size:200% auto;border-radius:3px;-webkit-animation:bgslide 1s infinite linear;animation:bgslide 1s infinite linear}</style> <meta name="generator" content="Powered by Slider Revolution 6.2.2 - responsive, Mobile-Friendly Slider Plugin for WordPress with comfortable drag and drop interface." /> <link rel="icon" href="https://aasnova.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/cropped-favicon-1-32x32.png" sizes="32x32" /> <link rel="icon" href="https://aasnova.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/cropped-favicon-1-192x192.png" sizes="192x192" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://aasnova.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/cropped-favicon-1-180x180.png" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://aasnova.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/cropped-favicon-1-270x270.png" /> <script type="text/javascript">function setREVStartSize(e){ try { var pw = document.getElementById(e.c).parentNode.offsetWidth, newh; pw = pw===0 || isNaN(pw) ? window.innerWidth : pw; e.tabw = e.tabw===undefined ? 0 : parseInt(e.tabw); e.thumbw = e.thumbw===undefined ? 0 : parseInt(e.thumbw); e.tabh = e.tabh===undefined ? 0 : parseInt(e.tabh); e.thumbh = e.thumbh===undefined ? 0 : parseInt(e.thumbh); e.tabhide = e.tabhide===undefined ? 0 : parseInt(e.tabhide); e.thumbhide = e.thumbhide===undefined ? 0 : parseInt(e.thumbhide); e.mh = e.mh===undefined || e.mh=="" || e.mh==="auto" ? 0 : parseInt(e.mh,0); if(e.layout==="fullscreen" || e.l==="fullscreen") newh = Math.max(e.mh,window.innerHeight); else{ e.gw = Array.isArray(e.gw) ? e.gw : [e.gw]; for (var i in e.rl) if (e.gw[i]===undefined || e.gw[i]===0) e.gw[i] = e.gw[i-1]; e.gh = e.el===undefined || e.el==="" || (Array.isArray(e.el) && e.el.length==0)? e.gh : e.el; e.gh = Array.isArray(e.gh) ? e.gh : [e.gh]; for (var i in e.rl) if (e.gh[i]===undefined || e.gh[i]===0) e.gh[i] = e.gh[i-1]; var nl = new Array(e.rl.length), ix = 0, sl; e.tabw = e.tabhide>=pw ? 0 : e.tabw; e.thumbw = e.thumbhide>=pw ? 0 : e.thumbw; e.tabh = e.tabhide>=pw ? 0 : e.tabh; e.thumbh = e.thumbhide>=pw ? 0 : e.thumbh; for (var i in e.rl) nl[i] = e.rl[i]<window.innerWidth ? 0 : e.rl[i]; sl = nl[0]; for (var i in nl) if (sl>nl[i] && nl[i]>0) { sl = nl[i]; ix=i;} var m = pw>(e.gw[ix]+e.tabw+e.thumbw) ? 1 : (pw-(e.tabw+e.thumbw)) / (e.gw[ix]); newh = (e.type==="carousel" && e.justify==="true" ? e.gh[ix] : (e.gh[ix] * m)) + (e.tabh + e.thumbh); } if(window.rs_init_css===undefined) window.rs_init_css = document.head.appendChild(document.createElement("style")); document.getElementById(e.c).height = newh; window.rs_init_css.innerHTML += "#"+e.c+"_wrapper { height: "+newh+"px }"; } catch(e){ console.log("Failure at Presize of Slider:" + e) } };</script> <style type="text/css" id="wp-custom-css"> .pp_default div.ppt, .pp_hoverContainer, div.pp_default .pp_expand{ color: #fff; display: none !important; position: absolute; top: 10px; right: 10px; z-index: 9999; } </style>  <script> (function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){ (i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o), m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m) })(window,document,'script','//www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga'); ga('create', 'UA-2254461-35', 'auto'); ga('send', 'pageview'); </script> </head> <body class="post-template-default single single-post postid-12984 single-format-standard page-builder right-sidebar full"> <div class="main-wrap"> <div class="top-bar"> <div class="wrap"> <section class="top-bar-content cf"> <nav class="navbar navbar-default"> <div class="container"> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1"> <div class="menu-header-top-container"><ul id="menu-header-top" class="nav navbar-nav"><li id="menu-item-3906" class="nav-left menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-3906"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://aas.org/"><i class="icon fa fa-globe"></i> AAS</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3907" class="nav-left menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-3907"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://journals.aas.org/">AAS Journals</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3908" class="nav-left menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-3908"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://baas.aas.org/">BAAS</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3909" class="nav-left menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-3909"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://iopscience.iop.org/bookListInfo/aas-iop-astronomy#collections">AAS-IOP eBooks</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3910" class="nav-left selected menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-home menu-item-3910"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://aasnova.org/">AAS Nova</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3911" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-3911"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://journals.aas.org/authors/aastex/"><i class="icon fa fa-cog"></i> AASTeX</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3912" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-3912"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://www.astroexplorer.org/">Astronomy Image Explorer</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3913" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-3913"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://astrothesaurus.org/">Unified Astronomy Thesaurus</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3914" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-3914"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://worldwidetelescope.org/webclient/">WorldWide Telescope</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> </nav> </section> </div> </div> <div id="main-head" class="main-head"> <div class="wrap"> <header> <div class="title"> <a href="https://aasnova.org/" title="AAS Nova" rel="home"> <img src="https://aasnova.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/AAS-NOVA-logo-1-RGB.svg" class="logo-image" alt="AAS Nova" /> </a> </div> <div class="right"> <form title="Search" method="get" id="searchform" action="https://aasnova.org/"> <input type="search" value="" name="s" id="s" class="search-field" aria-label="Search" /> <input type="submit" class="search-submit" value="Search" /> </form> </div> </header> <nav class="navigation cf"> <div class="mobile" data-type="classic" data-search="1"> <a href="#" class="selected"> <span class="text">Navigate</span><span class="current"></span> <i class="hamburger fa fa-bars"> </i> </a> </div> <div class="menu-main-menu-container"><ul id="menu-main-menu" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-182" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-home menu-item-182"><a href="https://aasnova.org/">HOME</a></li> <li id="menu-item-16" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-post-ancestor current-menu-parent current-post-parent menu-cat-1 menu-item-16"><a href="https://aasnova.org/category/highlights/">Highlights</a></li> <li id="menu-item-17" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-cat-3 menu-item-17"><a href="https://aasnova.org/category/journals-digest/">Journals Digest</a></li> </ul></div> <div class="textwidget"><ul class="social-icons cf"> <li><a href="https://twitter.com/AASNova" class="icon fa fa-twitter" title="Twitter"><span class="visuallyhidden">Twitter</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.facebook.com/aasnova" class="icon fa fa-facebook" title="Facebook"><span class="visuallyhidden">Facebook</span></a></li> <li><a href="/?feed=rss2" class="icon fa fa-rss" title="RSS"><span class="visuallyhidden">RSS</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://bsky.app/profile/aasnova.bsky.social" class="icon fa fa-bluesky" title="Bluesky"><span class="visuallyhidden">Bluesky</span></a></li> </ul></div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="main wrap cf"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-8 main-content"> <article id="post-12984" class="post-12984 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail category-features category-highlights tag-atmospheres tag-atmospheric-loss tag-exoplanets tag-jwst title-above" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Article"> <header class="post-header cf"> <div class="heading cf"> <h1 class="post-title item fn" itemprop="name"> Charting the Cosmic Shoreline: Which Planets Have Atmospheres? </h1>  </div> <div class="post-meta cf"> <span class="posted-by">By <span class="reviewer" itemprop="author"><a href="https://aasnova.org/person/kerry-hensley/" title="Kerry Hensley">Kerry Hensley</a></span> </span> <span class="posted-on">on <span class="dtreviewed"> <time class="value-title" datetime="2024-11-20T12:00:44-05:00" title="2024-11-20" itemprop="datePublished">20 November 2024</time> </span> </span> <span class="subcat">Features</span> <span class="cats"> <div class="post-share"> <span class="text">Share:</span> <span class="share-links">  <a href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https%3A%2F%2Faasnova.org%2F2024%2F11%2F20%2Fcharting-the-cosmic-shoreline-which-planets-have-atmospheres-gl-486b%2F" class="fa fa-twitter" title="Tweet It"> <span class="visuallyhidden">Twitter</span></a> <a href="http://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Faasnova.org%2F2024%2F11%2F20%2Fcharting-the-cosmic-shoreline-which-planets-have-atmospheres-gl-486b%2F" class="fa fa-facebook" title="Share on Facebook"> <span class="visuallyhidden">Facebook</span></a> <a href="http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https%3A%2F%2Faasnova.org%2F2024%2F11%2F20%2Fcharting-the-cosmic-shoreline-which-planets-have-atmospheres-gl-486b%2F" class="fa fa-linkedin" title="Share on LinkedIn"> <span class="visuallyhidden">LinkedIn</span></a> <a href="https://plus.google.com/share?url=https%3A%2F%2Faasnova.org%2F2024%2F11%2F20%2Fcharting-the-cosmic-shoreline-which-planets-have-atmospheres-gl-486b%2F" class="fa fa-google-plus" title="Share on Google+"> <span class="visuallyhidden">Google+</span></a> <a href="http://reddit.com/submit?url=https%3A%2F%2Faasnova.org%2F2024%2F11%2F20%2Fcharting-the-cosmic-shoreline-which-planets-have-atmospheres-gl-486b%2F" class="fa fa-reddit" title="Share on Reddit"> <span class="visuallyhidden">Reddit</span></a> <a href="mailto:?subject=Charting%20the%20Cosmic%20Shoreline%3A%20Which%20Planets%20Have%20Atmospheres%3F&body=https%3A%2F%2Faasnova.org%2F2024%2F11%2F20%2Fcharting-the-cosmic-shoreline-which-planets-have-atmospheres-gl-486b%2F" class="fa fa-envelope-o" title="Share via Email"> <span class="visuallyhidden">Email</span></a> </span> </div> </span> </div> <div class="featured"> <a href="https://aasnova.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/jpegPIA21473.jpg" title="Charting the Cosmic Shoreline: Which Planets Have Atmospheres?" itemprop="image"> <img width="702" height="336" src="https://aasnova.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/jpegPIA21473-702x336.jpg" class="attachment-main-slider size-main-slider wp-post-image" alt="illustration of an M-dwarf star and its planet" title="Charting the Cosmic Shoreline: Which Planets Have Atmospheres?" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" srcset="https://aasnova.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/jpegPIA21473-702x336.jpg 702w, https://aasnova.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/jpegPIA21473-1078x516.jpg 1078w" sizes="(max-width: 702px) 100vw, 702px" /> </a> <div class="caption">Illustration of an M-dwarf star covered in sunspots and emitting a stellar flare. Its planet is subjected to fierce stellar activity that strips away the planet's atmosphere. [<a href="https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/images/pia21473-flaring-red-dwarf-star-illustration/">NASA/ESA/STScI/G. Bacon</a>]</div> </div> </header> <div class="post-container cf"> <div class="post-content-right"> <div class="post-content description " itemprop="articleBody"> <p>Which of the nearly 6,000 known exoplanets have atmospheres? With help from JWST, astronomers are inching closer to an answer, and new observations of a super-Earth planet around a low-mass star help to define the dividing line between planets with atmospheres and planets without.</p> <h4>How to Find an Atmosphere</h4> <p>With the number of known exoplanets growing steadily larger, a major challenge for astronomers is deciding how to allocate limited telescope time to study these planets further. Rocky planets with atmospheres make promising targets, but it’s not obvious which exoplanets should have atmospheres. Taking cues from the planets in our solar system and the subset of exoplanets that have been studied in detail, researchers have defined the concept of the <em>cosmic shoreline</em>, which separates planets with atmospheres from planets without on the basis of escape velocity — related to a planet’s mass and size — and the amount of starlight the planet receives.</p> <p>While simple in concept, charting the cosmic shoreline is difficult, especially for planets circling M dwarfs: the smallest, coolest, and most common type of star. M dwarfs are notorious for their extreme space weather, which can strip away a planet’s atmosphere over billions of years. To learn more about the exact position of the cosmic shoreline and to guide our observations of M-dwarf exoplanets, researchers must search for atmospheres on planets subjected to the fierce conditions of an M-dwarf host star.</p> <h4>A Promising Planet</h4> <p>Discovered by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), Gliese 486b (Gl 486b or GJ 486b) is a super-Earth exoplanet with a radius of 1.29 Earth radii and a mass of 2.77 Earth masses. Its host star is a 6.6-billion-year-old M dwarf that is known to explode with high-energy stellar flares. At just 26 light-years away, Gl 486b is one of the closest transiting terrestrial exoplanets known.</p> <p>Last year, researchers published an investigation of Gl 486b’s atmosphere, finding that JWST transmission spectra suggested either a water-rich atmosphere or no atmosphere at all. If there is no atmosphere, the observed signal from water vapor must have come from cool regions on the host star rather than from the planet’s atmosphere.</p> <div id="attachment_12996" style="width: 270px" class="wp-caption alignright"><a href="https://aasnova.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/SecondaryEclipse.png" data-rel="lightbox-image-0" data-rl_title="Cartoon showing the geometry of a transit observation and a secondary eclipse observation. [AAS Nova/Kerry Hensley]" data-rl_caption="Cartoon showing the geometry of a transit observation and a secondary eclipse observation. [AAS Nova/Kerry Hensley]" title="Cartoon showing the geometry of a transit observation and a secondary eclipse observation. [AAS Nova/Kerry Hensley]"><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-12996" class="size-thumbnail wp-image-12996" src="https://aasnova.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/SecondaryEclipse-260x127.png" alt="Cartoon showing the geometry of a transit observation and a secondary eclipse observation" width="260" height="127" srcset="https://aasnova.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/SecondaryEclipse-260x127.png 260w, https://aasnova.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/SecondaryEclipse-702x343.png 702w, https://aasnova.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/SecondaryEclipse-768x375.png 768w, https://aasnova.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/SecondaryEclipse-600x293.png 600w, https://aasnova.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/SecondaryEclipse-1536x750.png 1536w, https://aasnova.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/SecondaryEclipse-2048x1000.png 2048w, https://aasnova.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/SecondaryEclipse-1320x645.png 1320w" sizes="(max-width: 260px) 100vw, 260px" /></a><p id="caption-attachment-12996" class="wp-caption-text">Cartoon showing the geometry of a transit observation and a secondary eclipse observation. Click to enlarge. [AAS Nova/Kerry Hensley]</p></div>Recently, Megan Weiner Mansfield (Steward Observatory; Arizona State University) and collaborators used JWST to collect secondary eclipse observations of Gl 486b, watching as the planet passed behind its host star. Secondary eclipse observations show the thermal glow of the planet and starlight reflected from its surface. Coupling the secondary eclipse observations with previously collected JWST and TESS data, the team found that the planet’s dayside temperature is a scorching 865K. This high temperature suggests that Gl 486b has either a thin atmosphere or no atmosphere at all, since a thick atmosphere would redistribute the heat and lower the dayside temperature.</p> <div id="attachment_12995" style="width: 270px" class="wp-caption alignleft"><a href="https://aasnova.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/apjlad8161f5_hr.jpg" data-rel="lightbox-image-1" data-rl_title="Best-fitting bare surface (top) and atmosphere (middle) models. The bottom panel shows poorly fitting models. [Mansfield et al. 2024]" data-rl_caption="Best-fitting bare surface (top) and atmosphere (middle) models. The bottom panel shows poorly fitting models. [Mansfield et al. 2024]" title="Best-fitting bare surface (top) and atmosphere (middle) models. The bottom panel shows poorly fitting models. [Mansfield et al. 2024]"><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-12995" class="size-thumbnail wp-image-12995" src="https://aasnova.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/apjlad8161f5_hr-260x237.jpg" alt="plots showing well-fitting bare surface and atmosphere models as well as poorly fitting models" width="260" height="237" srcset="https://aasnova.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/apjlad8161f5_hr-260x237.jpg 260w, https://aasnova.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/apjlad8161f5_hr-702x640.jpg 702w, https://aasnova.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/apjlad8161f5_hr-768x700.jpg 768w, https://aasnova.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/apjlad8161f5_hr-600x547.jpg 600w, https://aasnova.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/apjlad8161f5_hr-1536x1400.jpg 1536w, https://aasnova.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/apjlad8161f5_hr-1320x1203.jpg 1320w, https://aasnova.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/apjlad8161f5_hr.jpg 1995w" sizes="(max-width: 260px) 100vw, 260px" /></a><p id="caption-attachment-12995" class="wp-caption-text">Best-fitting bare surface (top) and atmosphere (middle) models. The bottom panel shows poorly fitting models. Click to enlarge. [Mansfield et al. 2024]</p></div> <h4>Atmosphere Likely Lacking</h4> <p>With these constraints in hand, Mansfield’s team used forward modeling to explore the types of atmospheres that could be present. They found that a planet with no atmosphere provided the best fit to the data, but a thin atmosphere was also acceptable, as long as it contained only a small amount of water or carbon dioxide.</p> <p>Given the realities of 6.6 billion years spent around an active M-dwarf star, the team concluded that Gl 486b is unlikely to have an atmosphere. In addition to weighing in on the likelihood of Gl 486b having a water-rich atmosphere, the team also achieved the most precise measurement yet of a planet’s dayside temperature, constraining the temperature to within just 14K.</p> <div id="attachment_12985" style="width: 270px" class="wp-caption alignright"><a href="https://aasnova.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/apjlad8161f6_hr.jpg" data-rel="lightbox-image-2" data-rl_title="Location of Gl 486b relative to the approximate cosmic shoreline. [Mansfield et al. 2024]" data-rl_caption="Location of Gl 486b relative to the approximate cosmic shoreline. [Mansfield et al. 2024]" title="Location of Gl 486b relative to the approximate cosmic shoreline. [Mansfield et al. 2024]"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-12985" class="size-thumbnail wp-image-12985" src="https://aasnova.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/apjlad8161f6_hr-260x181.jpg" alt="Location of Gl 486b relative to the approximate cosmic shoreline" width="260" height="181" srcset="https://aasnova.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/apjlad8161f6_hr-260x181.jpg 260w, https://aasnova.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/apjlad8161f6_hr-702x487.jpg 702w, https://aasnova.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/apjlad8161f6_hr-768x533.jpg 768w, https://aasnova.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/apjlad8161f6_hr-600x417.jpg 600w, https://aasnova.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/apjlad8161f6_hr.jpg 1001w" sizes="(max-width: 260px) 100vw, 260px" /></a><p id="caption-attachment-12985" class="wp-caption-text">Location of Gl 486b relative to the approximate cosmic shoreline. [Mansfield et al. 2024]</p></div>Overall, these findings help to define the location of the cosmic shoreline and suggest that in order to find M-dwarf exoplanets that have retained their atmospheres, exoplanet atmosphere hunters must probe more massive or less strongly irradiated worlds.</p> <h4>Citation</h4> <p>“No Thick Atmosphere on the Terrestrial Exoplanet Gl 486b,” Megan Weiner Mansfield et al 2024 <em>ApJL</em> <b>975</b> L22. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad8161">doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ad8161</a></p> <div class="tagcloud"><a href="https://aasnova.org/tag/atmospheres/" rel="tag">atmospheres</a> <a href="https://aasnova.org/tag/atmospheric-loss/" rel="tag">atmospheric loss</a> <a href="https://aasnova.org/tag/exoplanets/" rel="tag">exoplanets</a> <a href="https://aasnova.org/tag/jwst/" rel="tag">JWST</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </article> <div class="comments"> <div id="comments"> <p class="nocomments"></p> </div> </div> </div> <aside class="col-4 sidebar"> <ul> <li id="bunyad-related-posts-widget-2" class="widget related-posts"> <h3 class="widgettitle">RELATED HIGHLIGHTS</h3> <ul class="posts-list"> <li> <a href="https://aasnova.org/2024/11/15/pointing-to-the-poles-of-brown-dwarfs-polar-vortex-possibilities/"><img width="110" height="96" src="https://aasnova.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/browndwarf-110x96.jpg" class="attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image" alt="Artist's rendition of a brown dwarf." title="Pointing to the Poles of Brown Dwarfs: Polar Vortex Possibilities" decoding="async" loading="lazy" /> </a> <div class="content"> <time datetime="2024-11-15T12:00:27-05:00">15 November 2024 </time> <span class="subcat">Features</span> <span class="comments"><a href="https://aasnova.org/2024/11/15/pointing-to-the-poles-of-brown-dwarfs-polar-vortex-possibilities/#respond"><i class="fa fa-comments-o"></i> 0</a></span> <a href="https://aasnova.org/2024/11/15/pointing-to-the-poles-of-brown-dwarfs-polar-vortex-possibilities/" title="Pointing to the Poles of Brown Dwarfs: Polar Vortex Possibilities"> Pointing to the Poles of Brown Dwarfs: Polar Vortex Possibilities</a> </div> </li> <li> <a href="https://aasnova.org/2024/11/12/the-galactic-golden-child-cas-a-through-the-lens-of-jwst/"><img width="110" height="96" src="https://aasnova.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/apjlad324bf1_hr-110x96.jpg" class="attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image" alt="Cas A supernova remnant" title="The Galactic Golden Child Cassiopeia A Through the Lens of JWST" decoding="async" loading="lazy" /> </a> <div class="content"> <time datetime="2024-11-12T12:00:51-05:00">12 November 2024 </time> <span class="subcat">Astrobites</span> <span class="comments"><a href="https://aasnova.org/2024/11/12/the-galactic-golden-child-cas-a-through-the-lens-of-jwst/#respond"><i class="fa fa-comments-o"></i> 0</a></span> <a href="https://aasnova.org/2024/11/12/the-galactic-golden-child-cas-a-through-the-lens-of-jwst/" title="The Galactic Golden Child Cassiopeia A Through the Lens of JWST"> The Galactic Golden Child Cassiopeia A Through the Lens of JWST</a> </div> </li> <li> <a href="https://aasnova.org/2024/11/04/featured-image-finding-swirls-on-jupiter/"><img width="110" height="96" src="https://aasnova.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/psjad6e75f2_hr-110x96.jpg" class="attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image" alt="eight images of swirling clouds on Jupiter" title="Featured Image: Finding Swirls on Jupiter" decoding="async" loading="lazy" /> </a> <div class="content"> <time datetime="2024-11-04T12:00:28-05:00">4 November 2024 </time> <span class="subcat">Images</span> <span class="comments"><a href="https://aasnova.org/2024/11/04/featured-image-finding-swirls-on-jupiter/#respond"><i class="fa fa-comments-o"></i> 0</a></span> <a href="https://aasnova.org/2024/11/04/featured-image-finding-swirls-on-jupiter/" title="Featured Image: Finding Swirls on Jupiter"> Featured Image: Finding Swirls on Jupiter</a> </div> </li> <li> <a href="https://aasnova.org/2024/10/22/star-alignment-and-a-planets-origin-the-case-of-hip-65426/"><img width="110" height="96" src="https://aasnova.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/HIP65426-110x96.png" class="attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image" alt="Infrared images of the exoplanet HIP 65426 b from JWST" title="Star Alignment and a Planet’s Origin: The Case of HIP 65426" decoding="async" loading="lazy" /> </a> <div class="content"> <time datetime="2024-10-22T12:00:19-04:00">22 October 2024 </time> <span class="subcat">Astrobites</span> <span class="comments"><a href="https://aasnova.org/2024/10/22/star-alignment-and-a-planets-origin-the-case-of-hip-65426/#respond"><i class="fa fa-comments-o"></i> 0</a></span> <a href="https://aasnova.org/2024/10/22/star-alignment-and-a-planets-origin-the-case-of-hip-65426/" title="Star Alignment and a Planet’s Origin: The Case of HIP 65426"> Star Alignment and a Planet’s Origin: The Case of HIP 65426</a> </div> </li> <li> <a href="https://aasnova.org/2024/10/21/featured-image-bringing-phangs-data-to-life/"><img width="110" height="96" src="https://aasnova.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/apjsad4be5f1_hr-110x96.jpg" class="attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image" alt="19 spiral galaxies photographed by JWST" title="Featured Image: Bringing PHANGS Data to Life" decoding="async" loading="lazy" /> </a> <div class="content"> <time datetime="2024-10-21T12:00:50-04:00">21 October 2024 </time> <span class="subcat">Images</span> <span class="comments"><a href="https://aasnova.org/2024/10/21/featured-image-bringing-phangs-data-to-life/#respond"><i class="fa fa-comments-o"></i> 0</a></span> <a href="https://aasnova.org/2024/10/21/featured-image-bringing-phangs-data-to-life/" title="Featured Image: Bringing PHANGS Data to Life"> Featured Image: Bringing PHANGS Data to Life</a> </div> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="rpadv_widget-2" class="widget widget_rpadv_widget"> <script type="text/javascript"> if (typeof rpadv_settings == 'undefined') { var rpadv_settings = {advertCount:[],refreshTime:[],animationSpeed:[],advertCountPage:[],version:[],index:[]}; } rpadv_settings.advertCount["rpadv_widget-2"] = 3; rpadv_settings.refreshTime["rpadv_widget-2"] = 0; rpadv_settings.animationSpeed["rpadv_widget-2"] = 1000; rpadv_settings.advertCountPage["rpadv_widget-2"] = 3; rpadv_settings.version["rpadv_widget-2"] = "2.3.0"; rpadv_settings.index["rpadv_widget-2"] = ""; </script> <div class="main-visual-adverts" data-id="rpadv_widget-2"> <div class="visual-adverts add" style="display: none;" data-index="3"> <div class="visual-adverts-item" data-id="12890"> <a href="https://aas.org/meetings/aas245" title="Join Us at AAS 245 in National Harbor" target="_blank"> <h3 class="visual-adverts-item-title">Join Us at AAS 245 in National Harbor</h3> <div class="visual-adverts-item-image"> <img src="https://aasnova.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/AAS245_AASNovaAd-400x250.png" alt="Join Us at AAS 245 in National Harbor"> </div> <div class="visual-adverts-item-content"> Join us in National Harbor, MD, 12–16 January 2025 for exceptional science at the<span class="x_xapple-converted-space"> </span>245th meeting of the American Astronomical Society. <strong>Register today!</strong> </div> </a> </div> <div class="visual-adverts-item" data-id="12101"> <a href="https://journals.aas.org/astronomical-journal-175-anniversary" title="175th Anniversary of the Astronomical Journal" target="_blank"> <h3 class="visual-adverts-item-title">175th Anniversary of the Astronomical Journal</h3> <div class="visual-adverts-item-image"> <img src="https://aasnova.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/AJ175_AAS-Nova_400x250.jpg" alt="175th Anniversary of the Astronomical Journal"> </div> <div class="visual-adverts-item-content"> 2024 marks the 175th anniversary of the founding of the <em>Astronomical Journal</em>. <strong>Explore our interactive timeline showcasing the history (and science!) of the <em>Astronomical Journal</em>. </strong> </div> </a> </div> <div class="visual-adverts-item" data-id="11355"> <a href="https://aas.org/celebrating-125-years" title="125th Anniversary of the American Astronomical Society" target="_blank"> <h3 class="visual-adverts-item-title">125th Anniversary of the American Astronomical Society</h3> <div class="visual-adverts-item-image"> <img src="https://aasnova.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/AAS125_AAS-Nova_1_400x250.jpg" alt="125th Anniversary of the American Astronomical Society"> </div> <div class="visual-adverts-item-content"> 2024 marks the 125th anniversary of the founding of the American Astronomical Society. <strong>Join us in looking back on the past 125 years of the Society.</strong> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </aside> </div>  </div>  <footer class="main-footer"> <div class="wrap"> <ul class="widgets row cf"> <li class="widget col-4 widget_tag_cloud"><h3 class="widgettitle">HIGHLIGHT HOT TOPICS</h3><div class="tagcloud"><a href="https://aasnova.org/tag/exoplanets/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-30 tag-link-position-1" style="font-size: 22pt;" aria-label="exoplanets (283 items)">exoplanets</a> <a href="https://aasnova.org/tag/star-formation/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-28 tag-link-position-2" style="font-size: 14pt;" aria-label="star formation (146 items)">star formation</a> <a href="https://aasnova.org/tag/aas-meeting/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-191 tag-link-position-3" style="font-size: 13.7142857143pt;" aria-label="AAS meeting (143 items)">AAS meeting</a> <a href="https://aasnova.org/tag/solar-system/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-61 tag-link-position-4" style="font-size: 13.7142857143pt;" aria-label="solar system (142 items)">solar system</a> <a href="https://aasnova.org/tag/stellar-evolution/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-160 tag-link-position-5" style="font-size: 12.8571428571pt;" aria-label="stellar evolution (134 items)">stellar evolution</a> <a href="https://aasnova.org/tag/black-holes/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-79 tag-link-position-6" style="font-size: 11.4285714286pt;" aria-label="black holes (120 items)">black holes</a> <a href="https://aasnova.org/tag/magnetic-fields/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-111 tag-link-position-7" style="font-size: 11.4285714286pt;" aria-label="magnetic fields (119 items)">magnetic fields</a> <a href="https://aasnova.org/tag/planet-formation/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-124 tag-link-position-8" style="font-size: 10.5714285714pt;" aria-label="planet formation (112 items)">planet formation</a> <a href="https://aasnova.org/tag/atmospheres/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-96 tag-link-position-9" style="font-size: 10pt;" aria-label="atmospheres (107 items)">atmospheres</a> <a href="https://aasnova.org/tag/supermassive-black-holes/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-270 tag-link-position-10" style="font-size: 10pt;" aria-label="supermassive black holes (106 items)">supermassive black holes</a> <a href="https://aasnova.org/tag/interstellar-medium/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-149 tag-link-position-11" style="font-size: 9.71428571429pt;" aria-label="interstellar medium (104 items)">interstellar medium</a> <a href="https://aasnova.org/tag/active-galactic-nuclei/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-98 tag-link-position-12" style="font-size: 9.14285714286pt;" aria-label="active galactic nuclei (98 items)">active galactic nuclei</a> <a href="https://aasnova.org/tag/supernovae/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-104 tag-link-position-13" style="font-size: 8.85714285714pt;" aria-label="supernovae (96 items)">supernovae</a> <a href="https://aasnova.org/tag/milky-way/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-103 tag-link-position-14" style="font-size: 8.57142857143pt;" aria-label="Milky Way (94 items)">Milky Way</a> <a href="https://aasnova.org/tag/neutron-stars/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-206 tag-link-position-15" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="neutron stars (91 items)">neutron stars</a></div> </li><li class="widget col-4 widget_text"><h3 class="widgettitle">MOST READ RECENT HIGHLIGHTS</h3> <div class="textwidget"><ol class="wpp-list"> <li class=""> <a href="https://aasnova.org/2024/08/30/the-odds-of-the-unthinkable/" class="wpp-post-title" target="_self" rel="noopener">The Odds of the Unthinkable</a> <span class="wpp-meta post-stats"></span></li> <li class=""> <a href="https://aasnova.org/2024/08/26/the-quest-to-watch-a-supernova-in-real-time/" class="wpp-post-title" target="_self" rel="noopener">The Quest to Watch a Supernova in Real Time</a> <span class="wpp-meta post-stats"></span></li> <li class=""> <a href="https://aasnova.org/2024/11/12/the-galactic-golden-child-cas-a-through-the-lens-of-jwst/" class="wpp-post-title" target="_self" rel="noopener">The Galactic Golden Child Cassiopeia A Through the Lens of JWST</a> <span class="wpp-meta post-stats"></span></li> <li class=""> <a href="https://aasnova.org/2024/10/01/johannes-kepler-and-the-case-of-the-disappearing-sunspots/" class="wpp-post-title" target="_self" rel="noopener">Johannes Kepler and the Case of the Disappearing Sunspots</a> <span class="wpp-meta post-stats"></span></li> <li class=""> <a href="https://aasnova.org/2024/11/06/discovery-of-a-lonely-galactic-hedgehog/" class="wpp-post-title" target="_self" rel="noopener">Discovery of a Lonely Galactic Hedgehog</a> <span class="wpp-meta post-stats"></span></li> </ol> </div> </li> <li class="widget col-4 widget_mailpoet_form"> <h3 class="widgettitle">Email alerts</h3> <div class=" mailpoet_form_popup_overlay "></div> <div id="mailpoet_form_2" class=" mailpoet_form mailpoet_form_widget mailpoet_form_position_ mailpoet_form_animation_ " > <style type="text/css"> #mailpoet_form_2 .mailpoet_form { } #mailpoet_form_2 .mailpoet_paragraph { line-height: 25px; margin-bottom: 10px; } #mailpoet_form_2 .mailpoet_segment_label, #mailpoet_form_2 .mailpoet_text_label, #mailpoet_form_2 .mailpoet_textarea_label, #mailpoet_form_2 .mailpoet_select_label, #mailpoet_form_2 .mailpoet_radio_label, #mailpoet_form_2 .mailpoet_checkbox_label, #mailpoet_form_2 .mailpoet_list_label, #mailpoet_form_2 .mailpoet_date_label { display: block; } #mailpoet_form_2 .mailpoet_text, #mailpoet_form_2 .mailpoet_textarea, #mailpoet_form_2 .mailpoet_select, #mailpoet_form_2 .mailpoet_date_month, #mailpoet_form_2 .mailpoet_date_day, #mailpoet_form_2 .mailpoet_date_year, #mailpoet_form_2 .mailpoet_date { display: block; } #mailpoet_form_2 .mailpoet_text, #mailpoet_form_2 .mailpoet_textarea { width: 200px; } #mailpoet_form_2 .mailpoet_checkbox { margin-top: 6px; margin-right: 7px; float: left; } #mailpoet_form_2 .mailpoet_paragraph .mailpoet_submit { float: left; margin-top: 4px; margin-right: 15px; background: #505398 none repeat scroll 0 0; color: #fff; font-weight: normal; border: none; } #mailpoet_form_2 .mailpoet_paragraph .mailpoet_submit:hover { background: #3d3f79; } #mailpoet_form_2 .mailpoet_divider { } #mailpoet_form_2 .mailpoet_message { } #mailpoet_form_2 .mailpoet_validate_success { font-weight: 600; color: #468847; } #mailpoet_form_2 .mailpoet_validate_error { color: #b94a48; } #mailpoet_form_2 .mailpoet_form_loading { width: 30px; text-align: center; line-height: normal; } #mailpoet_form_2 .mailpoet_form_loading > span { width: 5px; height: 5px; background-color: #5b5b5b; }#mailpoet_form_2{;}#mailpoet_form_2 .mailpoet_message {margin: 0; padding: 0 20px;}#mailpoet_form_2 .mailpoet_paragraph.last {margin-bottom: 0} @media (max-width: 500px) {#mailpoet_form_2 {background-image: none;}} @media (min-width: 500px) {#mailpoet_form_2 .last .mailpoet_paragraph:last-child {margin-bottom: 0}} @media (max-width: 500px) {#mailpoet_form_2 .mailpoet_form_column:last-child .mailpoet_paragraph:last-child {margin-bottom: 0}} </style> <form target="_self" method="post" action="https://aasnova.org/wp-admin/admin-post.php?action=mailpoet_subscription_form" class="mailpoet_form mailpoet_form_form mailpoet_form_widget" novalidate data-delay="" data-exit-intent-enabled="" data-font-family="" data-cookie-expiration-time="" > <input type="hidden" name="data[form_id]" value="2" /> <input type="hidden" name="token" value="57c1e80c16" /> <input type="hidden" name="api_version" value="v1" /> <input type="hidden" name="endpoint" value="subscribers" /> <input type="hidden" name="mailpoet_method" value="subscribe" /> <label class="mailpoet_hp_email_label" style="display: none !important;">Please leave this field empty<input type="email" name="data[email]"/></label><div class="mailpoet_paragraph" ><p>Sign up to receive email alerts when new Highlights articles are published. Please supply your email address.</p></div> <div class="mailpoet_paragraph"><label for="form_email_2" class="mailpoet-screen-reader-text" data-automation-id="form_email_label" >Email <span class="mailpoet_required">*</span></label><input type="email" autocomplete="email" class="mailpoet_text" id="form_email_2" name="data[form_field_YWM0MWI2MjIyZjA3X2VtYWls]" title="Email" value="" data-automation-id="form_email" placeholder="Email *" data-parsley-errors-container=".mailpoet_error_hzydr" data-parsley-required="true" data-parsley-minlength="6" data-parsley-maxlength="150" data-parsley-type-message="This value should be a valid email." data-parsley-required-message="This field is required."/><span class="mailpoet_error_hzydr"></span></div> <div class="mailpoet_paragraph"><fieldset><legend class="mailpoet_segment_label" >Select list(s):</legend><label class="mailpoet_checkbox_label" ><input type="checkbox" class="mailpoet_checkbox" name="data[form_field_MGRhYWFkZTNlNzQyX3NlZ21lbnRz][]" value="4" data-parsley-errors-container=".mailpoet_error_tq1gi" data-parsley-required="true" data-parsley-group="segments" data-parsley-required-message="Please select a list." /> Highlights Instant Alert</label><label class="mailpoet_checkbox_label" ><input type="checkbox" class="mailpoet_checkbox" name="data[form_field_MGRhYWFkZTNlNzQyX3NlZ21lbnRz][]" value="5" data-parsley-errors-container=".mailpoet_error_tq1gi" data-parsley-required="true" data-parsley-group="segments" data-parsley-required-message="Please select a list." /> Weekly Highlights Digest</label><span class="mailpoet_error_tq1gi"></span></fieldset></div> <div class="mailpoet_paragraph"><input type="submit" class="mailpoet_submit" value="Subscribe" data-automation-id="subscribe-submit-button" style="border-color:transparent;" /><span class="mailpoet_form_loading"><span class="mailpoet_bounce1"></span><span class="mailpoet_bounce2"></span><span class="mailpoet_bounce3"></span></span></div> <div class="mailpoet_paragraph" ><p class="strapline">The AAS will never rent or sell your email address to third parties.</p></div> <div class="mailpoet_message"> <p class="mailpoet_validate_success" style="display:none;" >Check your inbox or spam folder now to confirm your subscription. </p> <p class="mailpoet_validate_error" style="display:none;" > </p> </div> </form> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="lower-foot"> <div class="wrap"> <div class="row cf"> <div class="column half"> <div class="about-widget"> <img src="https://aasnova.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/AAS-NOVA-logo-3-white.svg" /> <div class="row cf"><div class="column half"> <p>The <a href="http://aas.org" target="_blank">American Astronomical Society</a> (AAS) is the major organization of professional astronomers in North America. The mission of the AAS is to enhance and share humanity's scientific understanding of the universe.</p> </div><div class="column half"> <p>AAS Nova highlights results published in the AAS's peer-reviewed journals. It provides a curation service to inform astronomy researchers and enthusiasts about breakthroughs and discoveries they might otherwise overlook.</p> </div></div> </div> </div> <div class="column half journal-legal"> <div class="col-8"> <h3 class="widgettitle">AAS JOURNALS</h3><div class="menu-aas-journals-menu-container"><ul id="menu-aas-journals-menu" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-20" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-20"><a href="http://iopscience.iop.org/1538-3881">The Astronomical Journal</a></li> <li id="menu-item-21" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-21"><a href="http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/">The Astrophysical Journal</a></li> <li id="menu-item-5728" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-5728"><a href="https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/2632-3338">Planetary Science Journal</a></li> <li id="menu-item-22" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-22"><a href="http://iopscience.iop.org/2041-8205">The Astrophysical Journal Letters</a></li> <li id="menu-item-23" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-23"><a href="http://iopscience.iop.org/0067-0049/">The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series</a></li> </ul></div> </div> <div class="col-4"> <h3 class="widgettitle">SITE INFO</h3><div class="menu-legal-menu-container"><ul id="menu-legal-menu" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-28" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-28"><a href="https://aasnova.org/contact/">About & Contact</a></li> <li id="menu-item-31" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-31"><a href="https://aasnova.org/copyright/">Copyright & Permissions</a></li> <li id="menu-item-30" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-30"><a href="https://aasnova.org/privacy-and-cookies/">Privacy & Cookies</a></li> <li id="menu-item-29" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-29"><a href="https://aasnova.org/terms/">Terms</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="aas-copyright"> <div class="textwidget"><p>© 2024 American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </footer> </div>  <link rel='stylesheet' id='mailpoet_public-css' href='https://aasnova.org/wp-content/plugins/mailpoet/assets/dist/css/mailpoet-public.da88de39.css?ver=6.6.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='mailpoet_custom_fonts_0-css' href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Abril+FatFace%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CAlegreya%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CAlegreya+Sans%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CAmatic+SC%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CAnonymous+Pro%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CArchitects+Daughter%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CArchivo%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CArchivo+Narrow%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CAsap%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CBarlow%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CBioRhyme%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CBonbon%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CCabin%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CCairo%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CCardo%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CChivo%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CConcert+One%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CCormorant%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CCrimson+Text%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CEczar%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CExo+2%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CFira+Sans%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CFjalla+One%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CFrank+Ruhl+Libre%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CGreat+Vibes%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i&ver=6.6.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='mailpoet_custom_fonts_1-css' href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Heebo%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CIBM+Plex%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CInconsolata%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CIndie+Flower%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CInknut+Antiqua%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CInter%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CKarla%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CLibre+Baskerville%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CLibre+Franklin%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CMontserrat%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CNeuton%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CNotable%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CNothing+You+Could+Do%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CNoto+Sans%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CNunito%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7COld+Standard+TT%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7COxygen%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CPacifico%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CPoppins%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CProza+Libre%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CPT+Sans%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CPT+Serif%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CRakkas%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CReenie+Beanie%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CRoboto+Slab%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i&ver=6.6.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='mailpoet_custom_fonts_2-css' href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Ropa+Sans%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CRubik%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CShadows+Into+Light%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CSpace+Mono%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CSpectral%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CSue+Ellen+Francisco%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CTitillium+Web%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CUbuntu%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CVarela%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CVollkorn%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CWork+Sans%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i%7CYatra+One%3A400%2C400i%2C700%2C700i&ver=6.6.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://aasnova.org/wp-includes/js/comment-reply.min.js?ver=6.6.2" id="comment-reply-js" async="async" data-wp-strategy="async"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="hashbar-analytics-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var hashbar_analytical = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/aasnova.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","nonce_key":"5e146f4374","enable_analytics":""}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://aasnova.org/wp-content/plugins/hashbar-wp-notification-bar/assets/js/analytics.js?ver=1.5.4" id="hashbar-analytics-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://aasnova.org/wp-content/plugins/responsive-lightbox/assets/prettyphoto/jquery.prettyPhoto.min.js?ver=2.4.8" id="responsive-lightbox-prettyphoto-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://aasnova.org/wp-includes/js/underscore.min.js?ver=1.13.4" id="underscore-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="responsive-lightbox-js-before"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var rlArgs = {"script":"prettyphoto","selector":"lightbox","customEvents":"","activeGalleries":true,"animationSpeed":"fast","slideshow":false,"slideshowDelay":5000,"slideshowAutoplay":false,"opacity":"0.75","showTitle":true,"allowResize":true,"allowExpand":true,"width":1080,"height":720,"separator":"\/","theme":"pp_default","horizontalPadding":30,"hideFlash":false,"wmode":"opaque","videoAutoplay":false,"modal":false,"deeplinking":false,"overlayGallery":true,"keyboardShortcuts":true,"social":false,"woocommerce_gallery":false,"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/aasnova.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"b1d4534999","preview":false,"postId":12984,"scriptExtension":false}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://aasnova.org/wp-content/plugins/responsive-lightbox/js/front.js?ver=2.4.8" id="responsive-lightbox-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://widgetlogic.org/v2/js/data.js?t=1732363200&ver=6.0.0" id="widget-logic_live_match_widget-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="bunyad-theme-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var Bunyad = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/aasnova.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://aasnova.org/wp-content/themes/smart-mag/js/bunyad-theme.js?ver=2.5.1" id="bunyad-theme-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://aasnova.org/wp-content/themes/smart-mag/js/jquery.flexslider-min.js?ver=2.5.1" id="flex-slider-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://aasnova.org/wp-content/themes/smart-mag/js/jquery.sticky-sidebar.min.js?ver=2.5.1" id="sticky-sidebar-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://aasnova.org/wp-content/plugins/page-links-to/dist/new-tab.js?ver=3.3.7" id="page-links-to-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="mailpoet_public-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var MailPoetForm = {"ajax_url":"https:\/\/aasnova.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","is_rtl":"","ajax_common_error_message":"An error has happened while performing a request, please try again later."}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://aasnova.org/wp-content/plugins/mailpoet/assets/dist/js/public.js?ver=5.3.3" id="mailpoet_public-js" defer="defer" data-wp-strategy="defer"></script> </body> </html>