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Nature for resilience | UNDRR

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<div class="we-mega-menu-row" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-row" data-custom-row="1"> <div class="we-mega-menu-col span3" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-col" data-width="3" data-block="whereweworkfeaturedblock" data-blocktitle="0" data-hidewhencollapse="" data-class=""> <div class="type-of-block"><div class="block-inner"><section id="block-whereweworkfeaturedblock" class="block block-block-content block-block-content2746978f-2b45-45d9-8759-b7d9dbecac78 clearfix"> <div class="custom-block mega-menu-featured-block" > <div class="mega-menu-layout-main"> <div class="mega-menu-content-wrapper"> <div class="field field--name-field-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field--item">Where we work</div> <div class="field field--name-field-description field--type-string field--label-hidden field--item">UNDRR works with partners around the world to reduce disaster risk and build resilient communities.</div> <div class="field field--name-field-link field--type-link field--label-hidden 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nav"> <li class="first"> <a href="/gar" title="Global Assessment Report" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/70955">Global Assessment Report (GAR)</a> </li> <li> <a href="/publications" title="UNDRR publications" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/77909">Publications</a> </li> <li> <a href="/publications/policy-briefs" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/76228">Policy briefs</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.undrr.org/publications?field_publication_type_value=UN%20resolutions%20and%20reports&amp;field_country_region_target_id=All&amp;field_pw_undrr_region_target_id=All&amp;field_hazard_target_id=All&amp;field_theme_target_id=All&amp;text=" title="UN resolutions &amp; reports">UN resolutions &amp; reports</a> </li> <li class="last"> <a href="/drr-glossary/terminology" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/76818">Terminology</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div></div> </div> <div class="we-mega-menu-col span4 span3" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-col" data-width="4" 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field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item"> <h1 class="hidden "><strong>Nature for Resilience</strong></h1> <section class="wp-block-undrr-undrr-hero-block mg-hero mg-hero--undefined " style="background-image:url('/sites/default/files/styles/ultrawide_16_6/public/2023-08/shutterstock_1109113358.jpg?h=733a5c39&amp;itok=tKDWeYkC');background-position:50% 50%;background-size:cover"><div class="mg-hero__overlay parent"><article class="mg-hero__content"><header class="mg-hero__title"><a class="text-xxl">Nature for resilience</a></header><div class="mg-hero__summaryText">Nature is an important ally in building resilience. But we still see a world that sacrifice Nature for short-term gains over long-term sustainability and resilience.  </div><div class="mg-hero__buttons"></div></article></div><img class="mg-u-sr-only" src="/sites/default/files/styles/ultrawide_16_6/public/2023-08/shutterstock_1109113358.jpg?h=733a5c39&amp;itok=tKDWeYkC" alt="Yen river with rowing boat harvesting waterlily in Ninh Binh, Vietnam" title="Water pond Vietnam" data-mg-media-id="89434" aria-hidden="true"/></section> <p class="undefined "><meta charset="utf-8">Unprecedented rates of biodiversity loss and ecosystem decline are putting human existence in danger by reducing our resilience to natural hazards. Poor environmental management and pollution contribute to increased disaster risks. <a href="https://www.preventionweb.net/understanding-disaster-risk/risk-drivers/enviromental-degradation" data-type="URL" data-id="https://www.preventionweb.net/understanding-disaster-risk/risk-drivers/enviromental-degradation">Environmental degradation is both a driver and consequence of disasters</a>, reducing the capacity of the environment to meet social and ecological needs. Only if we take care of Nature, keep ecosystems healthy and stop unsustainable practices, can ecosystems perform their functions and provide services that help mitigate hazards, buffer disaster impacts, and support food and water security. Including the protection, conservation, restoration and sutainable management of ecosystems as a disaster risk reduction strategy can save peoples’ lives and safeguard livelihoods, protect assets, and help us adapt to climate-related risks.  </p> <div class="wp-block-columns "> <div class="wp-block-column " style="flex-basis:20%"></div> <div class="wp-block-column has-undrr-blue-color has-text-color " style="flex-basis:60%"> <p class="has-undrr-blue-color has-text-color "><meta charset="utf-8"><em>“For years, Nature has been unfairly targeted as the cause of disasters, and the label of “natural disasters” can provide an escape for humanity’s own culpability. If we take care of Nature and keep ecosystems healthy, they can contribute to mitigating hazards and buffering disaster impacts.” – Mami Mizutori</em></p> </div> <div class="wp-block-column " style="flex-basis:20%"></div> </div> <div class="wp-block-columns "> <div class="wp-block-column "> <figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio "><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper"> <iframe width="356" height="200" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/UWKsln6bU24?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen title="Words into Action: What are Nature-based Solutions?"></iframe> </div></figure> </div> <div class="wp-block-column "> <figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio "><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper"> <iframe width="356" height="200" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/C0EcMUBNsy8?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen title="Could a Great Green Wall along the Sahara stem desertification in Africa? | GAR 2023"></iframe> </div></figure> </div> <div class="wp-block-column "> <figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio "><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper"> <iframe width="356" height="200" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/ShwzdPFusF4?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen title="Traditional knowledge helps manage disaster risk"></iframe> </div></figure> </div> </div> <div class="wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center "> <div class="wp-block-button "><a class="wp-block-button__link" href="https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBDwPnveHho_seYeDExEeHCjFEEpvWR5B">View the playlist</a></div> </div> <div class="wp-block-columns has-white-color has-undrr-blue-background-color has-text-color has-background mg-container-full-width"> <div class="wp-block-column "> <p class="has-large-font-size ">75 % of land surface has been altered and 85 % of wetlands area has been lost.</p> <p class="undefined ">IPBES, 2019</p> </div> <div class="wp-block-column "> <p class="has-large-font-size ">During Hurricane Sandy in 2012 an estimated 625 million US dollars in flood damages were avoided because of wetlands. </p> <p class="undefined ">Dasgupta, 2021</p> </div> <div class="wp-block-column "> <p class="has-large-font-size ">Failure to act on ecosystem rehabilitation is costing US$20 trillion to the global economy in lost ecosystem goods and services. </p> <p class="undefined ">UNDP 2020</p> </div> </div> <div style="height:12px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer "></div> <h2 class="has-undrr-blue-color has-text-color ">Solutions and needs</h2> <div class="wp-block-columns has-extra-light-blue-background-color has-background "> <div class="wp-block-column "> <p class="undefined ">Disaster risk reduction and Nature are connected in two ways. On the one hand, disaster risk reduction provides solutions to tackle Nature and biodiversity loss, pollution, land degradation, climate change, water and other environmental challenges. On the other hand, the protection, conservation, restoration, and sustainable use and management of ecosystems can help reduce disaster risks. For instance, wetlands store and purify water, mangroves protect coastal areas from storm surges, and forests on slopes help prevent erosion and landslides.&nbsp;</p> <p class="undefined ">Working with Nature in disaster risk reduction is one pathway to keep ecosystems healthy, decrease vulnerability and exposure, and contribute to sustainable, resilient and equitable futures.</p> <div class="wp-block-columns "> <div class="wp-block-column "> <h3 class="undefined ">The Political Declaration of the High-level Meeting on the Midterm Review of the Sendai Framework</h3> <figure class="wp-block-image size-ultrawide_16_6 "><img src="/sites/default/files/styles/ultrawide_16_6/public/2023-06/Cover_UN_resolution%202023.png.jpg?itok=vbiY9N7b" alt="Cover" class="wp-image-64493" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="a4475b39-ed02-4cfb-8cef-03dade8ce1ec" data-image-style="original"/></figure> <p class="has-small-font-size ">The Political Declaration of the High-level Meeting on the Midterm Review of the Sendai Framework (A/RES/77/289) adopted in May 2023 recognises the gap in Nature actions in support of disaster risk reduction and explicitly calls on States:&nbsp;</p> <p class="has-small-font-size "><em>Paragraph 26:&nbsp;</em>&nbsp;</p> <p class="has-small-font-size "><em>“[…] to strengthen </em><strong><em>comprehensive disaster risk governance</em></strong><em>, taking into account their national circumstances, needs and priorities, including by: […]</em>&nbsp;</p> <p class="has-small-font-size "><em>(g) </em><strong><em>Promoting nature-based solutions, ecosystem-based approaches, among other approaches, for disaster risk reduction</em></strong><em> at all levels and across all phases of disaster risk reduction and management to restore, maintain and enhance ecosystem functions and services for </em><strong><em>protection from natural hazards</em></strong><em>, and to contribute towards increasing the </em><strong><em>resilience of biodiversity, supporting sustainable livelihoods and building community resilience</em></strong><em>.</em>&nbsp;</p> <p class="has-small-font-size "><em>(e) Mainstreaming disaster risk reduction in the implementation of other relevant policy areas, such as for such as for sustainable development, poverty eradication, climate change mitigation and adaptation, water, </em><strong><em>biodiversity conservation, restoration and sustainable management</em></strong><em>, desertification, land degradation, drought, wildfires, forestry, agriculture, food security and nutrition, health, […]”</em></p> <div class="wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center "> <div class="wp-block-button "><a class="wp-block-button__link" href="https://sendaiframework-mtr.undrr.org/media/88232">Read the declaration</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="wp-block-column "> <h3 class="undefined ">Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030</h3> <figure class="wp-block-image size-ultrawide_16_6 is-style-default "><img src="/sites/default/files/styles/ultrawide_16_6/public/2024-01/cover_sf.png.jpg?itok=eJAHMogh" alt="Cover" class="wp-image-69672" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="cad572bc-d2a0-4757-9999-6fdc0ff4341b" data-image-style="original"/></figure> <p class="has-small-font-size ">The Sendai Framework for<a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://www.undrr.org/implementing-sendai-framework/what-sendai-framework" target="_blank"> </a>Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 recognises poor environmental management, ecosystem degradation and unsustainable natural resource management practices as drivers of risk. Furthermore, it provides guidance and entry-points for the design, implementation and reporting on Nature actions that strengthen disaster risk reduction and increase resilience. These include:&nbsp;</p> <ul class="has-small-font-size "><li><strong>Understanding risks</strong> of ecosystem degradation and loss;&nbsp;</li><li>Promoting common planning and <strong>risk-informed governance</strong> approaches bringing together national policies, processes and actors working in disaster risk reduction, biodiversity, water, climate change and other environmental sectors;&nbsp;</li><li><strong>Risk-informing investments</strong> for greater resilience that takes into account environmental hazards and tipping points, and increases Nature financing;&nbsp;</li><li><strong>Building back better</strong> and greener by considering a suite of options that take account of Nature’s role, function and service in spatial and landscape planning.&nbsp;</li></ul> <div class="wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center "> <div class="wp-block-button "><a class="wp-block-button__link" href="https://www.undrr.org/implementing-sendai-framework/what-sendai-framework">Read the framework</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <h2 class="has-undrr-blue-color has-text-color ">Call to action</h2> <h3 class="undefined "> Strengthen risk-informed decision-making in Nature protection, conservation, restoration and sustainable management: </h3> <div class="wp-block-columns "> <div class="wp-block-column " style="flex-basis:66.66%"> <p class="undefined ">Resilience building is key to reduce threats to biodiversity while protecting people and meeting societal needs. To achieve the mutually supportive goals of the <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://www.cbd.int/gbf/" target="_blank">Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework</a> (GBF) and the Sendai Framework, it is important to consider risk information and disaster risk reduction approaches that protect people and planet simultaneously. The updating of National Biodiversity Strategies and Action Plans (NBSAPs) as an outcome of the GBF provides an opportunity to consider mutually supportive national targets and indicator frameworks that build on existing risk data and information, strengthen national governance and coordination between biodiversity and disaster risk reduction actors and increase investments for multiple resilience benefits.&nbsp; </p> </div> <div class="wp-block-column " style="flex-basis:33.33%"> <div class="wp-block-image "><figure class="aligncenter size-ultrawide_16_6"><img src="/sites/default/files/styles/ultrawide_16_6/public/2022-05/shutterstock_138626018-min.jpg?h=3669e1d0&amp;itok=5frq36sY" alt="Field of dead corals, due to warming oceans" class="wp-image-53984" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="878b3f02-9e8e-4477-8290-5d085efb1aa3" data-image-style="original"/></figure></div> </div> </div> <h3 class="undefined ">Integrate Nature actions, including nature-based solutions, into disaster risk reduction strategies, plans and measures: </h3> <div class="wp-block-columns "> <div class="wp-block-column " style="flex-basis:33.33%"> <figure class="wp-block-image size-ultrawide_16_6 "><img src="/sites/default/files/styles/ultrawide_16_6/public/2022-06/Image-river-flood-hill-nature-mountains-landscape.jpg?h=d23e0494&amp;itok=Ouox0p2v" alt="River flowing through green fields and hills." class="wp-image-55443" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="1aa0d72a-1d5c-45f1-b7b0-3af24f6fe94e" data-image-style="original"/></figure> </div> <div class="wp-block-column " style="flex-basis:66.66%"> <p class="undefined ">For prevention measures to be effective, they need to take account of the multiple hazards that threaten lives, livelihoods, assets, socio-economic stability, and environmental sustainability. This includes the important role that Nature and healthy ecosystems play in reducing vulnerability and exposure. For instance, <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://www.undrr.org/words-action-nature-based-solutions-disaster-risk-reduction" target="_blank">nature-based solutions</a> address cross-cutting hazards, facilitate coordination across policy areas, and promote cooperation and partnership between relevant actors.&nbsp; </p> </div> </div> <h3 class="undefined ">Apply a whole-of-society approach, involving those most affected by disaster risks and those most dependent on and connected with Nature, in particular Indigenous Peoples </h3> <div class="wp-block-columns "> <div class="wp-block-column " style="flex-basis:66.66%"> <p class="undefined ">A whole-of-society approach is inherent to disaster risk reduction and is equally included as a core principle in Nature and biodiversity conservation. It is imperative to bring together actors from the disaster risk reduction, Nature conservation, water, climate and other relevant communities to address common resilience challenges. Working at the intersection of Nature and disaster risk reduction, it is particularly important to ensure meaningful engagement and agency of those most affected by actual or potential disasters. As the custodians of biodiversity, Indigenous Peoples must be partners when addressing disaster risks through a Nature-lens. </p> </div> <div class="wp-block-column " style="flex-basis:33.33%"> <figure class="wp-block-image size-ultrawide_16_6 "><img src="/sites/default/files/styles/ultrawide_16_6/public/2022-08/MicrosoftTeams-image.png.jpg?itok=iDQ2BDIz" alt="Indigenous Fijian girl walking on flooded land in Fiji" class="wp-image-57545" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="e93326f9-7958-40d1-ad96-d2ddd098bcd1" data-image-style="original"/></figure> </div> </div> <h2 class="has-undrr-blue-color has-text-color ">Resources</h2> <section class="views-element-container block block-views block-views-blockcompontent-highlight-cards-default-as-views-block-override clearfix"> <div class="form-group"><div class="undrr-view-columns view view-compontent-highlight-cards view-id-compontent_highlight_cards view-display-id-default_as_views_block_override js-view-dom-id-e09a441125d2117716be030a5d6d7009e2bf1c0f677edeadf4d49f6f6f18699a"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row"><article class="mg-card mg-card__vc" data-history-node-id="91054"> <div class="mg-card__visual"> <div class="mg-card__image field field--name-field-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field--item"><div class="custom-media media-1-column" > <div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field--item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_16_9/public/2024-11/p2417_policybrief_aw_final_cropped_0.jpg?h=51d86e09&amp;itok=sAvPLEUt" width="2400" height="1350" alt="Publication cover" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mg-card__content"> <div class="mg-card__meta"> <div class="mg-card__label field field--name-field-publication-type field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field--item">Documents and publications</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-node-title field--type-ds field--label-hidden field--item"><header class="mg-card__title"> <a href="/publication/policy-brief-nature-resilience" hreflang="en">Policy brief: Nature for Resilience</a> </header> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="views-row"><article class="mg-card mg-card__vc" data-history-node-id="90781"> <div class="mg-card__visual"> <div class="mg-card__image field field--name-field-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field--item"><div class="custom-media media-1-column" > <div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field--item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_16_9/public/2024-11/Capture-d-ecran-2024-11-18-162311.png.jpg?itok=TutItxSH" width="2400" height="1350" alt="Hydrometeorological PDNAs study" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mg-card__content"> <div class="mg-card__meta"> <div class="mg-card__label field field--name-field-publication-type field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field--item">Documents and publications</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-node-title field--type-ds field--label-hidden field--item"><header class="mg-card__title"> <a href="/publication/review-environment-sector-hydrometeorological-post-disaster-needs-assessments-pdnas" hreflang="en">Review of the environment sector in hydrometeorological post-disaster needs assessments (PDNAs)</a> </header> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="views-row"><article class="mg-card mg-card__vc" data-history-node-id="89820"> <div class="mg-card__visual"> <div class="mg-card__image field field--name-field-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field--item"><div class="custom-media media-1-column" > <div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field--item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_16_9/public/2024-10/WhatsApp-Image-2024-10-13-at-14.18.23.jpeg.jpg?itok=sfKgG0xD" width="2400" height="1350" alt="Portrait of Rachel Musiimenta" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mg-card__content"> <div class="mg-card__meta"> <div class="mg-card__label field field--name-field-news-type field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field--item term-id--751 term-taxonomy--news_type"><a href="/news-type/updates" hreflang="en">Update</a></div> </div> <header class="mg-card__title"><a href="/news/ugandan-artist-selected-international-day-drr-art-competition" hreflang="en">Ugandan artist selected for International Day for DRR Art Competition</a></header> </div> </article> </div> <div class="views-row"><article class="mg-card mg-card__vc" data-history-node-id="89259"> <div class="mg-card__visual"> <div class="mg-card__image field field--name-field-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field--item"><div class="custom-media media-1-column" > <div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field--item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_16_9/public/2024-10/Seychelles-photo.jpg?h=f275215e&amp;itok=-oocXpjH" width="2400" height="1350" alt="View of port Seychelles " /> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mg-card__content"> <div class="mg-card__meta"> <div class="mg-card__label field field--name-field-news-type field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field--item term-id--751 term-taxonomy--news_type"><a href="/news-type/updates" hreflang="en">Update</a></div> </div> <header class="mg-card__title"><a href="/news/seychelles-developing-roadmap-integrate-disaster-risk-reduction-and-climate-change-adaptation" hreflang="en">Seychelles&#039;s roadmap for CRM </a></header> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <h2 class="has-undrr-blue-color has-text-color ">Related content</h2> <div class="wp-block-columns "> <div class="wp-block-column "> <article class="wp-block-undrr-undrr-card "><div class="mg-card mg-card__vc"><div class="mg-card__visual"><img src="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_16_9/public/2023-09/addis-ababa-water-queue.png.jpg?itok=Fzh1NVtA" alt="A girl lines up for water in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia" data-mg-media-id="90004" class="mg-card__image" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="mg-card__content"><header class="mg-card__title"><a href="https://www.undrr.org/water-risks-and-resilience">Water risks and resilience</a></header></div></div></article> </div> <div class="wp-block-column "> <article class="wp-block-undrr-undrr-card "><div class="mg-card mg-card__vc"><div class="mg-card__visual"><img src="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_16_9/public/2023-05/WiA-Nature-based-solutions-cover-2021.jpg?h=c5dc0b83&amp;itok=pVHZAMWU" alt="Cover" data-mg-media-id="87945" class="mg-card__image" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="mg-card__content"><header class="mg-card__title"><a href="https://www.undrr.org/words-action-nature-based-solutions-disaster-risk-reduction ">Words into Action guidelines: Nature-based solutions for disaster risk reduction</a></header></div></div></article> </div> <div class="wp-block-column "> <article class="wp-block-undrr-undrr-card "><div class="mg-card mg-card__vc"><div class="mg-card__visual"><img src="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_16_9/public/2023-12/rsz_53155537545_a7e2f5f29d_k.jpg?h=fd85b23b&amp;itok=dBjRfSm8" alt="Jute farming has grown drastically in rural West Bengal." data-mg-media-id="92355" class="mg-card__image" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="mg-card__content"><header class="mg-card__title"><a href="https://www.preventionweb.net/collections/nature-based-solutions-disaster-risk-reduction">Nature-based solutions for disaster risk reduction collection on PreventionWeb</a></header></div></div></article> </div> <div class="wp-block-column "> <article class="wp-block-undrr-undrr-card "><div class="mg-card mg-card__vc"><div class="mg-card__visual"><img src="/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_16_9/public/2024-01/plastics-pollution.png.jpg?itok=7i7gJFlf" alt="waste plastic bottles and other types of plastic waste at the Thilafushi waste disposal site" data-mg-media-id="92664" class="mg-card__image" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="mg-card__content"><header class="mg-card__title"><a href="https://www.undrr.org/plastic-pollution-and-disasters">Plastic pollution and disasters </a></header></div></div></article> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </section> <section id="block-temporaryjsandorcssfixes" class="block block-block-content block-block-contentb3feb174-4295-46d4-89d0-41ab057ce04e clearfix"> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item"><style> /* GP temp fixes for 4.12 https://gitlab.com/undrr/web-backlog/-/issues/1728 */ @media (max-width: 605px) { body .gp-background-container-right-half::before { background-size: cover !important; background-position: 50% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat; padding-bottom: 300px; position: static; } } /* ensure contextual menus show 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