CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>1853 - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"097c67cd-802b-473d-bbbc-0b5f1c9e3479","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"1853","wgTitle":"1853","wgCurRevisionId":1275184421,"wgRevisionId":1275184421,"wgArticleId":35015,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Commons category link from Wikidata","Articles containing Latin-language text","1853"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"1853","wgRelevantArticleId":35015,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false, "wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q7666","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles": "ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022", "ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.16"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Japanese_1854_print_Commodore_Perry.jpg/1200px-Japanese_1854_print_Commodore_Perry.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="772"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Japanese_1854_print_Commodore_Perry.jpg/800px-Japanese_1854_print_Commodore_Perry.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="515"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Japanese_1854_print_Commodore_Perry.jpg/640px-Japanese_1854_print_Commodore_Perry.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="412"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="1853 - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=1853&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-1853 rootpage-1853 skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=1853" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=1853" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=1853" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=1853" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Events</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Events-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Events subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-January–March" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#January–March"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>January–March</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-January–March-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-April–June" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#April–June"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>April–June</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-April–June-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July–September" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July–September"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>July–September</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July–September-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-October–December" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#October–December"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>October–December</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-October–December-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Date_unknown" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Date_unknown"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Date unknown</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Date_unknown-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Births" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Births"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Births</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Births-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Births subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Births-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-January–June" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#January–June"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>January–June</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-January–June-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July–December" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July–December"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>July–December</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July–December-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Date_unknown_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Date_unknown_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Date unknown</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Date_unknown_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deaths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deaths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Deaths</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Deaths-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Deaths subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Deaths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-January–June_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#January–June_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>January–June</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-January–June_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July–December_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July–December_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>July–December</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July–December_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Date_unknown_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Date_unknown_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Date unknown</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Date_unknown_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">1853</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 176 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-176" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">176 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853_%E1%8A%A5.%E1%8A%A4.%E1%8A%A0." title="1853 እ.ኤ.አ. – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="1853 እ.ኤ.አ." data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853_%D5%A9%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="1853 թուական – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="1853 թուական" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B8%DB%B5%DB%B3_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۱۸۵۳ (میلادی) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="۱۸۵۳ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AE%E0%A7%AB%E0%A7%A9" title="১৮৫৩ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="১৮৫৩" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853_n%C3%AE" title="1853 nî – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="1853 nî" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1853 йыл – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="1853 йыл" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853." title="1853. – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="1853." data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853_%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="1853 ие – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="1853 ие" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B8%DB%B5%DB%B3" title="۱۸۵۳ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="۱۸۵۳" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853%E5%B9%B4" title="1853年 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="1853年" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853%EB%85%84" title="1853년 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1853년" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AB%E0%A5%A9" title="१८५३ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="१८५३" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853." title="1853. – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="1853." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AE%E0%A7%AB%E0%A7%A9" title="মারি ১৮৫৩ – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="মারি ১৮৫৩" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853-%C3%A6%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="1853-æм аз – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="1853-æм аз" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B3%A7%E0%B3%AE%E0%B3%AB%E0%B3%A9" title="೧೮೫೩ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="೧೮೫೩" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853_%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1853 джыл – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="1853 джыл" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1853 жыл – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="1853 жыл" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853-%D3%A7%D0%B4_%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="1853-ӧд во – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="1853-ӧд во" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853_(almanak_gregoryen)" title="1853 (almanak gregoryen) – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="1853 (almanak gregoryen)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853_%D0%B8" title="1853 и – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="1853 и" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853._gads" title="1853. gads – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="1853. gads" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853_%D0%B9%D0%B8%D1%81" title="1853 йис – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="1853 йис" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853_m." title="1853 m. – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="1853 m." data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AB%E0%A5%A9" title="१८५३ – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="१८५३" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8._%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AB%E0%A5%A9" title="इ.स. १८५३ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स. १८५३" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B8%DB%B5%DB%B3" title="۱۸۵۳ – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="۱۸۵۳" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853_ni%C3%A8ng" title="1853 nièng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="1853 nièng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853_%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="1853 он – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="1853 он" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%81%E1%81%88%E1%81%85%E1%81%83" title="၁၈၅၃ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="၁၈၅၃" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AB%E0%A5%A9" title="ई सं १८५३ – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="ई सं १८५३" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853%E5%B9%B4" title="1853年 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1853年" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853_%D1%88%D0%BE" title="1853 шо – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="1853 шо" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AD%A7%E0%AD%AE%E0%AD%AB%E0%AD%A9" title="୧୮୫୩ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="୧୮୫୩" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AB%E0%A5%A9" title="१८५३ – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="१८५३" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joohr_1853" title="Joohr 1853 – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Joohr 1853" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="1853 год – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="1853 год" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AB%E0%A5%A9" title="१८५३ – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="१८५३" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853%D8%B9" title="1853ع – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="1853ع" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%A1%D9%A8%D9%A5%D9%A3" title="١٨٥٣ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="١٨٥٣" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853." title="1853. – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="1853." data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1853 ел – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="1853 ел" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8._2396" title="พ.ศ. 2396 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พ.ศ. 2396" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_1853" title="Соли 1853 – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Соли 1853" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853_%D0%B0%D1%80" title="1853 ар – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="1853 ар" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853%D8%A1" title="1853ء – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="1853ء" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853_nienz" title="1853 nienz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="1853 nienz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E5%85%AB%E4%BA%94%E4%B8%89%E5%B9%B4" title="一八五三年 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="一八五三年" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853%E5%B9%B4" title="1853年 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="1853年" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853%E5%B9%B4" title="1853年 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="1853年" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853%E5%B9%B4" title="1853年 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="1853年" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/1853" title="1853 – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="1853" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7666#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/1853" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:1853" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/1853"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1853&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1853&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/1853"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1853&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1853&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/1853" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/1853" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1853&oldid=1275184421" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1853&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=1853&id=1275184421&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F1853"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F1853"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=1853&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1853&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:1853" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/1853" hreflang="en"><span>Wikiquote</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7666" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Calendar year</div> <table class="infobox" style="text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Millennium</a>: </th> <td><a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">2nd millennium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Centuries</a>: </th> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/18th_century" title="18th century">18th century</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/19th_century" title="19th century">19th century</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20th_century" title="20th century">20th century</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Decades</a>: </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1830s" title="1830s">1830s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1840s" title="1840s">1840s</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1850s" title="1850s">1850s</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1860s" title="1860s">1860s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1870s" title="1870s">1870s</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_years" title="List of years">Years</a>: </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AD_1850" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1850">1850</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1851" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1851">1851</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1852" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1852">1852</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/AD_1853" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1853">1853</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1854" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1854">1854</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1855" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1855">1855</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1856" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1856">1856</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Year_nav" title="Template:Year nav"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Year_nav" title="Template talk:Year nav"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Year_nav" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Year nav"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_1854_print_Commodore_Perry.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Japanese_1854_print_Commodore_Perry.jpg/275px-Japanese_1854_print_Commodore_Perry.jpg" decoding="async" width="275" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Japanese_1854_print_Commodore_Perry.jpg/413px-Japanese_1854_print_Commodore_Perry.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Japanese_1854_print_Commodore_Perry.jpg/550px-Japanese_1854_print_Commodore_Perry.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2784" data-file-height="1792" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/July_14" title="July 14">July 14</a>: Japan welcomes the first U.S. envoys from the <a href="/wiki/Perry_Expedition" title="Perry Expedition">Perry Expedition</a>, begins to end isolation.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BattleOfSinop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/BattleOfSinop.jpg/275px-BattleOfSinop.jpg" decoding="async" width="275" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/BattleOfSinop.jpg/413px-BattleOfSinop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/BattleOfSinop.jpg/550px-BattleOfSinop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2234" data-file-height="1404" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/November_30" title="November 30">November 30</a> (November 18 O.S.): The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sinop" title="Battle of Sinop">Battle of Sinop</a> is fought in the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_War" title="Crimean War">Crimean War</a> as the Russian Empire destroys the Ottoman Turkish fleet in the last major naval battle involving sailing warships.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Category:1853" title="Category:1853">1853 by topic</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Humanities</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1853_in_archaeology" title="1853 in archaeology">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1853_in_architecture" title="1853 in architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1853_in_art" title="1853 in art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1853_in_literature" title="1853 in literature">Literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1853_in_poetry" title="1853 in poetry">Poetry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1853_in_music" title="1853 in music">Music</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> By country</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1853_in_Australia" title="1853 in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1853_in_Belgium" title="1853 in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1853_in_Brazil" title="1853 in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1853_in_Canada" title="1853 in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1853_in_China" title="1853 in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1853_in_Denmark" title="1853 in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1853_in_France" title="1853 in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1853_in_Germany" title="1853 in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1853_in_Mexico" title="1853 in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1853_in_New_Zealand" title="1853 in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1853_in_Norway" title="1853 in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1853_in_Portugal" title="1853 in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1853_in_Russia" title="1853 in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1853_in_South_Africa" title="1853 in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1853_in_Sweden" title="1853 in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1853_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="1853 in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1853_in_the_United_States" title="1853 in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Other topics</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1853_in_rail_transport" title="1853 in rail transport">Rail transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1853_in_science" title="1853 in science">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1853_in_sports" title="1853 in sports">Sports</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Lists of leaders</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_entities_in_the_19th_century" title="List of political entities in the 19th century">Sovereign states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_1853" class="mw-redirect" title="List of state leaders in 1853">Sovereign state leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_dependent_territories_in_the_19th_century" title="List of governors of dependent territories in the 19th century">Territorial governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_19th-century_religious_leaders" title="List of 19th-century religious leaders">Religious leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1853_in_law" title="Category:1853 in law">Law</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Birth and death categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1853_births" title="Category:1853 births">Births</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1853_deaths" title="Category:1853 deaths">Deaths</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Establishments and disestablishments categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1853_establishments" title="Category:1853 establishments">Establishments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1853_disestablishments" title="Category:1853 disestablishments">Disestablishments</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Works category</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1853_works" title="Category:1853 works">Works</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:C19_year_in_topic" title="Template:C19 year in topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:C19_year_in_topic" title="Template talk:C19 year in topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:C19_year_in_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:C19 year in topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infobox vevent" style="width:22em"><caption style="font-size:125%"><span class="summary dtstart">1853 in various <a href="/wiki/Calendar_era" title="Calendar era">calendars</a></span></caption><tbody><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a></td><td>1853<br /><span style="font-family: serif;"><i>MDCCCLIII</i></span></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ab_urbe_condita" title="Ab urbe condita">Ab urbe condita</a></td><td>2606</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Armenian_calendar" title="Armenian calendar">Armenian calendar</a></td><td>1302<br />ԹՎ ՌՅԲ</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_calendar" title="Assyrian calendar">Assyrian calendar</a></td><td>6603</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_calendar" title="Baháʼí calendar">Baháʼí calendar</a></td><td>9–10</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Balinese_saka_calendar" title="Balinese saka calendar">Balinese saka calendar</a></td><td>1774–1775</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Bengali_calendar" title="Bengali calendar">Bengali calendar</a></td><td>1259–1260</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Berber_calendar" title="Berber calendar">Berber calendar</a></td><td>2803</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Regnal_years_of_English_and_British_monarchs" title="Regnal years of English and British monarchs">British Regnal year</a></td><td>16 <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Vict. 1</a> – 17 <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Vict. 1</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_calendar" title="Buddhist calendar">Buddhist calendar</a></td><td>2397</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Burmese_calendar" title="Burmese calendar">Burmese calendar</a></td><td>1215</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_calendar" title="Byzantine calendar">Byzantine calendar</a></td><td>7361–7362</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Chinese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Sexagenary_cycle" title="Sexagenary cycle">壬子</a>年 (Water <a href="/wiki/Rat_(zodiac)" title="Rat (zodiac)">Rat</a>)<br />4550 or 4343<br />    <i>— to —</i><br />癸丑年 (Water <a href="/wiki/Ox_(zodiac)" title="Ox (zodiac)">Ox</a>)<br />4551 or 4344</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Coptic_calendar" title="Coptic calendar">Coptic calendar</a></td><td>1569–1570</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Discordian_calendar" title="Discordian calendar">Discordian calendar</a></td><td>3019</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_calendar" title="Ethiopian calendar">Ethiopian calendar</a></td><td>1845–1846</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Hebrew calendar</a></td><td>5613–5614</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu calendars</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Vikram_Samvat" title="Vikram Samvat">Vikram Samvat</a></i></td><td>1909–1910</td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Indian_national_calendar" title="Indian national calendar">Shaka Samvat</a></i></td><td>1774–1775</td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Kali_Yuga" title="Kali Yuga">Kali Yuga</a></i></td><td>4953–4954</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Holocene_calendar" title="Holocene calendar">Holocene calendar</a></td><td>11853</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Igbo_calendar" title="Igbo calendar">Igbo calendar</a></td><td>853–854</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Iranian_calendars" title="Iranian calendars">Iranian calendar</a></td><td>1231–1232</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic calendar</a></td><td>1269–1270</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Japanese_calendar" title="Japanese calendar">Japanese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Kaei" title="Kaei">Kaei</a> 6<br />(嘉永６年)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Javanese_calendar" title="Javanese calendar">Javanese calendar</a></td><td>1781–1782</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a></td><td>Gregorian minus 12 days</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Korean_calendar" title="Korean calendar">Korean calendar</a></td><td>4186</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Minguo_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Minguo calendar">Minguo calendar</a></td><td>59 before <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">ROC</a><br />民前59年</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Nanakshahi_calendar" title="Nanakshahi calendar">Nanakshahi calendar</a></td><td>385</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Thai_solar_calendar" title="Thai solar calendar">Thai solar calendar</a></td><td>2395–2396</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_calendar" title="Tibetan calendar">Tibetan calendar</a></td><td>阳水鼠年<br />(male Water-<a href="/wiki/Rat_(zodiac)" title="Rat (zodiac)">Rat</a>)<br />1979 or 1598 or 826<br />    <i>— to —</i><br />阴水牛年<br />(female Water-<a href="/wiki/Ox_(zodiac)" title="Ox (zodiac)">Ox</a>)<br />1980 or 1599 or 827</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:1853" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:1853">1853</a></span>.</div></div> </div><p><b>1853</b> (<a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">MDCCCLIII</a>) was a <a href="/wiki/Common_year_starting_on_Saturday" title="Common year starting on Saturday">common year starting on Saturday</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Common_year_starting_on_Thursday" title="Common year starting on Thursday">common year starting on Thursday</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a>, the 1853rd year of the <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">Common Era</a> (CE) and <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">Anno Domini</a></i></span> (AD) designations, the 853rd year of the <a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">2nd millennium</a>, the 53rd year of the <a href="/wiki/19th_century" title="19th century">19th century</a>, and the 4th year of the <a href="/wiki/1850s" title="1850s">1850s</a> decade. As of the start of 1853, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923. </p><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Calendar year</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-2"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1853&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="January–March"><span id="January.E2.80.93March"></span>January–March</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1853&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: January–March"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_6" title="January 6">January 6</a> – <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Governor" class="mw-redirect" title="Florida Governor">Florida Governor</a> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Brown_(Florida_politician)" title="Thomas Brown (Florida politician)">Thomas Brown</a> signs legislation that provides public support for the new East Florida Seminary, leading to the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Florida" title="University of Florida">University of Florida</a>.</li> <li>U.S. President-elect <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Pierce" title="Franklin Pierce">Franklin Pierce</a>'s only living child, Benjamin "Benny" Pierce, is killed in a <a href="/wiki/Train_wreck" title="Train wreck">train accident</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_8" title="January 8">January 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Taiping_Rebellion" title="Taiping Rebellion">Taiping Rebellion</a>: <a href="/wiki/Zeng_Guofan" title="Zeng Guofan">Zeng Guofan</a> is ordered to assist the governor of <a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a> in organizing a militia force to search for local bandits.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_12" title="January 12">January 12</a> – Taiping Rebellion: The Taiping army occupies <a href="/wiki/Wuchang,_Hubei" class="mw-redirect" title="Wuchang, Hubei">Wuchang</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_19" title="January 19">January 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Verdi" title="Giuseppe Verdi">Giuseppe Verdi</a>'s opera <i><a href="/wiki/Il_Trovatore" class="mw-redirect" title="Il Trovatore">Il Trovatore</a></i> premieres in performance at <a href="/wiki/Teatro_Apollo" class="mw-redirect" title="Teatro Apollo">Teatro Apollo</a> in Rome.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_10" title="February 10">February 10</a> – Taiping Rebellion: Taiping forces assemble at <a href="/wiki/Hanyang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyang District">Hanyang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hankou_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Hankou District">Hankou</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wuchang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Wuchang District">Wuchang</a>, for the march on <a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_12" title="February 12">February 12</a> – The city of <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Montt" title="Puerto Montt">Puerto Montt</a> is founded in the <a href="/wiki/Reloncav%C3%AD_Sound" title="Reloncaví Sound">Reloncaví Sound</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_22" title="February 22">February 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Washington_University_in_St._Louis" title="Washington University in St. Louis">Washington University in St. Louis</a> is founded as Eliot Seminary.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_5" title="March 5">March 5</a> – Saint Paul Fire and Marine, as predecessor of <a href="/wiki/The_Travelers_Companies" title="The Travelers Companies">The Travelers Companies</a>, a worldwide <a href="/wiki/Insurance" title="Insurance">insurance service</a>, founded in <a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a>, United States.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_20" title="March 20">March 20</a> – Taiping Rebellion: A rebel army of around 750,000 seizes Nanjing, killing 30,000 Imperial troops.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_29" title="March 29">March 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a> is granted <a href="/wiki/City_status_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="City status in the United Kingdom">city status in the United Kingdom</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March" title="March">March</a> – The clothing company <a href="/wiki/Levi_Strauss_%26_Co." title="Levi Strauss & Co.">Levi Strauss & Co.</a> is founded in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="April–June"><span id="April.E2.80.93June"></span>April–June</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1853&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: April–June"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_7" title="April 7">April 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Prince_Leopold,_Duke_of_Albany" title="Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany">Prince Leopold</a>, the youngest son and the eighth child of <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prince_Albert_Victor,_Duke_of_Clarence_and_Avondale" title="Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale">Prince Albert</a>, is born.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_16" title="April 16">April 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Indian_Railways" title="Indian Railways">Indian Railways</a>: The first passenger railway in India opens from <a href="/wiki/Bombay" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombay">Bombay</a> to <a href="/wiki/Thana,_Maharashtra" class="mw-redirect" title="Thana, Maharashtra">Thana, Maharashtra</a>, 22 miles (35 km).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_5" title="May 5">May 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Perpetual_Maritime_Truce" title="Perpetual Maritime Truce">Perpetual Maritime Truce</a> comes into force between the United Kingdom and the rulers of the Sheikhdoms of the Lower Gulf, later known as the <a href="/wiki/Trucial_States" title="Trucial States">Trucial States</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_12" title="May 12">May 12</a>–<a href="/wiki/October_31" title="October 31">October 31</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Great_Industrial_Exhibition_(1853)" title="Great Industrial Exhibition (1853)">Great Industrial Exhibition</a> is held in <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a>, Ireland.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_23" title="May 23">May 23</a> – The first <a href="/wiki/Plat" title="Plat">plat</a> for <a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle, Washington</a>, is laid out.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May" title="May">May</a> <ul><li>The world's first <a href="/wiki/Public_aquarium" title="Public aquarium">public aquarium</a> opens, as a feature of the <a href="/wiki/London_Zoo" title="London Zoo">London Zoo</a>.</li> <li>An outbreak of <a href="/wiki/Yellow_fever" title="Yellow fever">yellow fever</a> kills 7,790 people in <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isambard_Kingdom_Brunel" title="Isambard Kingdom Brunel">Isambard Kingdom Brunel</a> accepts <a href="/wiki/John_Scott_Russell" title="John Scott Russell">John Scott Russell</a>'s tender for construction of the <a href="/wiki/SS_Great_Eastern" title="SS Great Eastern">SS <i>Great Eastern</i></a> passenger steamer.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_27" title="June 27">June 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Taiping_Rebellion" title="Taiping Rebellion">Taiping Rebellion</a>: The Northern Expeditionary Force crosses the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_River" title="Yellow River">Yellow River</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_30" title="June 30">June 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Georges-Eug%C3%A8ne_Haussmann" title="Georges-Eugène Haussmann">Georges-Eugène Haussmann</a> is selected as <i><a href="/wiki/Prefect_(France)" title="Prefect (France)">préfect</a></i> of the <a href="/wiki/Seine_(department)" title="Seine (department)">Seine (department)</a> to begin the re-planning of Paris.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July–September"><span id="July.E2.80.93September"></span>July–September</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1853&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: July–September"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_1" title="July 1">July 1</a> – The Swiss watch company <a href="/wiki/Tissot" title="Tissot">Tissot</a> is founded.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_8" title="July 8">July 8</a> – U.S. Commodore <a href="/wiki/Matthew_C._Perry" title="Matthew C. Perry">Matthew C. Perry</a> arrives in Edo Bay, Japan, with a request for a trade treaty.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_14" title="July 14">July 14</a> – Japan allows U.S. Commodore Perry to come ashore and begin negotiations.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_25" title="July 25">July 25</a> – Outlaw and bandit <a href="/wiki/Joaquin_Murrieta" title="Joaquin Murrieta">Joaquin Murrieta</a> is killed in <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_27" title="July 27">July 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_Iesada" title="Tokugawa Iesada">Iesada</a> succeeds his father <a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_Ieyoshi" title="Tokugawa Ieyoshi">Ieyoshi</a> as Japanese <i><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dgun" class="mw-redirect" title="Shōgun">shōgun</a></i>. The <a href="/wiki/Late_Tokugawa_shogunate" class="mw-redirect" title="Late Tokugawa shogunate">Late Tokugawa shogunate</a> (the last part of the <a href="/wiki/Edo_period" title="Edo period">Edo period</a> in Japan) begins.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_12" title="August 12">August 12</a> – New Zealand acquires self-government.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_23" title="August 23">August 23</a> – The first true <a href="/wiki/International_Meteorological_Organization" title="International Meteorological Organization">International Meteorological Organization</a> is established in Brussels, Belgium.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_24" title="August 24">August 24</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Potato_chips" class="mw-redirect" title="Potato chips">Potato chips</a> are first prepared, by <a href="/wiki/George_Crum" class="mw-redirect" title="George Crum">George Crum</a> at <a href="/wiki/Saratoga_Springs,_New_York" title="Saratoga Springs, New York">Saratoga Springs, New York</a>, according to popular accounts.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Norwegian_Navy_Museum" title="Royal Norwegian Navy Museum">Royal Norwegian Navy Museum</a> is founded at <a href="/wiki/Karljohansvern" title="Karljohansvern">Karljohansvern</a> in <a href="/wiki/Horten_(town)" title="Horten (town)">Horten</a>, perhaps the world's first naval museum.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_19" title="September 19">September 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hudson_Taylor" title="Hudson Taylor">Hudson Taylor</a> first leaves for China.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_20" title="September 20">September 20</a> – Otis Elevator, as predecessor of <a href="/wiki/Otis_Worldwide" title="Otis Worldwide">Otis Worldwide</a>, was founded in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="October–December"><span id="October.E2.80.93December"></span>October–December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1853&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: October–December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_1" title="October 1">October 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/C._Bechstein" title="C. Bechstein">C. Bechstein</a>'s piano factory is founded, one of three established in a "golden year" in the history of the <a href="/wiki/Piano" title="Piano">piano</a> (<a href="/wiki/Julius_Bl%C3%BCthner" title="Julius Blüthner">Julius Blüthner</a> and <a href="/wiki/Steinway_%26_Sons" title="Steinway & Sons">Steinway & Sons</a> being the others).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_4" title="October 4">October 4</a>–<a href="/wiki/October_5" title="October 5">5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Crimean_War" title="Crimean War">Crimean War</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> begins war with Russia.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_4" title="October 4">October 4</a> – On the east coast of the United States, <a href="/wiki/Donald_McKay" title="Donald McKay">Donald McKay</a> launches the <i><a href="/wiki/Great_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Republic">Great Republic</a></i>, the world's biggest <a href="/wiki/Sailing_ship" title="Sailing ship">sailing ship</a>, which at 4,500 tons is too large to be successful.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_25" title="October 25">October 25</a> – In <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a>, the art museum <a href="/wiki/Neue_Pinakothek" title="Neue Pinakothek">Neue Pinakothek</a> opened.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_28" title="October 28">October 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Crimean_War" title="Crimean War">Crimean War</a>: The Ottoman army crosses the <a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a> into <a href="/wiki/Vidin" title="Vidin">Vidin</a>/<a href="/wiki/Calafat" title="Calafat">Calafat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wallachia" title="Wallachia">Wallachia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_30" title="October 30">October 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Taiping_Rebellion" title="Taiping Rebellion">Taiping Rebellion</a>: The Taiping Northern Expeditionary Force comes within 3 miles (4.8 km) of <a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_3" title="November 3">November 3</a> – Troops of <a href="/wiki/William_Walker_(filibuster)" title="William Walker (filibuster)">William Walker</a> capture <a href="/wiki/La_Paz,_Baja_California_Sur" title="La Paz, Baja California Sur">La Paz</a> in <a href="/wiki/Baja_California_Territory" title="Baja California Territory">Baja California Territory</a> and declare the (short-lived) <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Sonora" title="Republic of Sonora">Republic of Sonora</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_4" title="November 4">November 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Crimean_War" title="Crimean War">Crimean War</a>: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Oltenitza" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Oltenitza">Battle of Oltenitza</a> – Turkish forces defeat the Russians.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_15" title="November 15">November 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Maria_II_of_Portugal" title="Maria II of Portugal">Maria II of Portugal</a> is succeeded by her son <a href="/wiki/Pedro_V_of_Portugal" title="Pedro V of Portugal">Pedro V</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_30" title="November 30">November 30</a> (<a href="/wiki/November_18" title="November 18">November 18</a> <a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">O.S.</a>) – <a href="/wiki/Crimean_War" title="Crimean War">Crimean War</a>: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sinop" title="Battle of Sinop">Battle of Sinop</a> – The Russian fleet destroys the <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkish</a> fleet.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_6" title="December 6">December 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Taiping_Rebellion" title="Taiping Rebellion">Taiping Rebellion</a>: French <a href="/wiki/Minister_(diplomacy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister (diplomacy)">minister</a> de Bourboulon arrives at the Heavenly Capital, aboard the <i>Cassini</i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_14" title="December 14">December 14</a> – Compagnie Générale des Eaux, predecessor of <a href="/wiki/Vivendi" title="Vivendi">Vivendi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Veolia" title="Veolia">Veolia</a>, a global media <a href="/wiki/Conglomerate_(company)" title="Conglomerate (company)">conglomerate</a>, is founded in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, France.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_30" title="December 30">December 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gadsden_Purchase" title="Gadsden Purchase">Gadsden Purchase</a>: The United States buys approximately 77,000 square kilometres (30,000 sq mi) of land from Mexico to facilitate railroad building in the Southwest.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Date_unknown">Date unknown</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1853&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Date unknown"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The Independent Santa Cruz <a href="/wiki/Maya_peoples" title="Maya peoples">Maya</a> of Eastern <a href="/wiki/Yucat%C3%A1n_Peninsula" title="Yucatán Peninsula">Yucatán</a> is recognized as an independent nation by the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_de_Gobineau" title="Arthur de Gobineau">Arthur de Gobineau</a> begins publication of his <i><a href="/wiki/An_Essay_on_the_Inequality_of_the_Human_Races" title="An Essay on the Inequality of the Human Races">An Essay on the Inequality of the Human Races</a></i> (<i>Essai sur l'inégalité des races humaines</i>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Pravaz" title="Charles Pravaz">Charles Pravaz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Wood_(physician)" title="Alexander Wood (physician)">Alexander Wood</a> independently invent a practical hypodermic <a href="/wiki/Syringe" title="Syringe">syringe</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheaton_Academy" title="Wheaton Academy">Wheaton Academy</a> is founded in <a href="/wiki/West_Chicago,_Illinois" title="West Chicago, Illinois">West Chicago, Illinois</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Chartered_Bank_of_India,_Australia_and_China" title="Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China">Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China</a> is incorporated in London by <a href="/wiki/Scottish_people" title="Scottish people">Scotsman</a> <a href="/wiki/James_Wilson_(UK_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="James Wilson (UK politician)">James Wilson</a>, under a <a href="/wiki/Royal_Charter" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Charter">Royal Charter</a> from <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Cricket_Ground" title="Melbourne Cricket Ground">Melbourne Cricket Ground</a>, now the largest sports stadium in the Southern Hemisphere, officially opens.</li> <li>1853–<a href="/wiki/1873" title="1873">1873</a> – More than 130,000 Chinese laborers come to <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Births">Births</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1853&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Births"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="January–June"><span id="January.E2.80.93June"></span>January–June</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1853&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: January–June"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Self-Portrait_-_Google_Art_Project_(454045).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Self-Portrait_-_Google_Art_Project_%28454045%29.jpg/110px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Self-Portrait_-_Google_Art_Project_%28454045%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Self-Portrait_-_Google_Art_Project_%28454045%29.jpg/165px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Self-Portrait_-_Google_Art_Project_%28454045%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Self-Portrait_-_Google_Art_Project_%28454045%29.jpg/220px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Self-Portrait_-_Google_Art_Project_%28454045%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4747" data-file-height="6000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh">Vincent van Gogh</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ella_Eaton_Kellogg,_age_60.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Ella_Eaton_Kellogg%2C_age_60.png/110px-Ella_Eaton_Kellogg%2C_age_60.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Ella_Eaton_Kellogg%2C_age_60.png/165px-Ella_Eaton_Kellogg%2C_age_60.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Ella_Eaton_Kellogg%2C_age_60.png/220px-Ella_Eaton_Kellogg%2C_age_60.png 2x" data-file-width="349" data-file-height="526" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ella_Eaton_Kellogg" title="Ella Eaton Kellogg">Ella Eaton Kellogg</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1" title="January 1">January 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Karl_von_Einem" title="Karl von Einem">Karl von Einem</a>, German general (d. <a href="/wiki/1934" title="1934">1934</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_16" title="January 16">January 16</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johnston_Forbes-Robertson" title="Johnston Forbes-Robertson">Johnston Forbes-Robertson</a>, English actor (d. <a href="/wiki/1937" title="1937">1937</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Standish_Monteith_Hamilton" class="mw-redirect" title="Ian Standish Monteith Hamilton">Sir Ian Hamilton</a>, British general (d. <a href="/wiki/1947" title="1947">1947</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_18" title="January 18">January 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Eusebio_Hern%C3%A1ndez_P%C3%A9rez" title="Eusebio Hernández Pérez">Eusebio Hernández Pérez</a>, Cuban eugenicist, obstetrician, and guerrilla (d. <a href="/wiki/1933" title="1933">1933</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_23" title="January 23">January 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Marks_Moore" title="John Marks Moore">John Marks Moore</a>, American politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1902" title="1902">1902</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_28" title="January 28">January 28</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mart%C3%AD" title="José Martí">José Martí</a>, Cuban revolutionary (d. <a href="/wiki/1895" title="1895">1895</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Solovyov_(philosopher)" title="Vladimir Solovyov (philosopher)">Vladimir Solovyov</a>, Russian philosopher (d. <a href="/wiki/1900" title="1900">1900</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_29" title="January 29">January 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kitasato_Shibasabur%C5%8D" title="Kitasato Shibasaburō">Kitasato Shibasaburō</a>, Japanese physician, bacteriologist (d. <a href="/wiki/1931" title="1931">1931</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_4" title="February 4">February 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kaneko_Kentar%C5%8D" title="Kaneko Kentarō">Kaneko Kentarō</a>, Japanese politician, diplomat (d. <a href="/wiki/1942" title="1942">1942</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_18" title="February 18">February 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Fenollosa" title="Ernest Fenollosa">Ernest Fenollosa</a>, Catalan-American philosopher (d. <a href="/wiki/1908" title="1908">1908</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_22" title="February 22">February 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Annie_Le_Porte_Diggs" title="Annie Le Porte Diggs">Annie Le Porte Diggs</a>, Canadian-born state <a href="/wiki/Librarian" title="Librarian">librarian</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1916" title="1916">1916</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2" title="March 2">March 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ella_Loraine_Dorsey" title="Ella Loraine Dorsey">Ella Loraine Dorsey</a>, American author, journalist, and translator (d. <a href="/wiki/1935" title="1935">1935</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_5" title="March 5">March 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Howard_Pyle" title="Howard Pyle">Howard Pyle</a>, American artist, fiction writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1911" title="1911">1911</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_10" title="March 10">March 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mackenzie" title="Thomas Mackenzie">Thomas Mackenzie</a>, 18th Prime Minister of New Zealand (d. <a href="/wiki/1930" title="1930">1930</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_13" title="March 13">March 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Robert_William_Felkin" title="Robert William Felkin">Robert William Felkin</a>, British writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1926" title="1926">1926</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_14" title="March 14">March 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Hodler" title="Ferdinand Hodler">Ferdinand Hodler</a>, Swiss painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1918" title="1918">1918</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_25" title="March 25">March 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mozaffar_ad-Din_Shah_Qajar" title="Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar">Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar</a>, 5th Qajarid Shah of Persia (d. <a href="/wiki/1907" title="1907">1907</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_27" title="March 27">March 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Yakov_Zhilinsky" title="Yakov Zhilinsky">Yakov Zhilinsky</a>, Russian general (d. <a href="/wiki/1918" title="1918">1918</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_29" title="March 29">March 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Elihu_Thomson" title="Elihu Thomson">Elihu Thomson</a>, English-American engineer, inventor, co-founder of <a href="/wiki/General_Electric" title="General Electric">General Electric</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1937" title="1937">1937</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_30" title="March 30">March 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh">Vincent van Gogh</a>, Dutch painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1890" title="1890">1890</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_6" title="April 6">April 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Emil_Jellinek" title="Emil Jellinek">Emil Jellinek</a>, German automobile entrepreneur (d. <a href="/wiki/1918" title="1918">1918</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_7" title="April 7">April 7</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Eaton_Kellogg" title="Ella Eaton Kellogg">Ella Eaton Kellogg</a>, American pioneer in dietetics (d. <a href="/wiki/1920" title="1920">1920</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Leopold,_Duke_of_Albany" title="Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany">Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1884" title="1884">1884</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_22" title="April 22">April 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alphonse_Bertillon" title="Alphonse Bertillon">Alphonse Bertillon</a>, French police officer, forensic scientist (d. <a href="/wiki/1914" title="1914">1914</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_30" title="April 30">April 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alexey_Abaza" title="Alexey Abaza">Alexey Abaza</a>, Russian admiral and politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1917" title="1917">1917</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_4" title="May 4">May 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Marie_Robinson_Wright" title="Marie Robinson Wright">Marie Robinson Wright</a>, American travel writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1914" title="1914">1914</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_20" title="May 20">May 20</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Hoag_Brockway_Avann" class="mw-redirect" title="Ella Hoag Brockway Avann">Ella Hoag Brockway Avann</a>, American educator (d. <a href="/wiki/1899" title="1899">1899</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Viktorovich_Sakharov" class="mw-redirect" title="Vladimir Viktorovich Sakharov">Vladimir Viktorovich Sakharov</a>, Russian general (d. <a href="/wiki/1920" title="1920">1920</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_26" title="May 26">May 26</a> - <a href="/wiki/Placido_Moreira_Dias" title="Placido Moreira Dias">Placido Moreira Dias</a>, Brazilian military commander (d. ?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_28" title="May 28">May 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Carl_Larsson" title="Carl Larsson">Carl Larsson</a>, Swedish painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1919" title="1919">1919</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_3" title="June 3">June 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Flinders_Petrie" class="mw-redirect" title="William Flinders Petrie">William Flinders Petrie</a>, English Egyptologist (d. <a href="/wiki/1942" title="1942">1942</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_12" title="June 12">June 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Chester_Adgate_Congdon" title="Chester Adgate Congdon">Chester Adgate Congdon</a>, American mining magnate (d. <a href="/wiki/1916" title="1916">1916</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July–December"><span id="July.E2.80.93December"></span>July–December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1853&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: July–December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cecil_Rhodes_ww.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Cecil_Rhodes_ww.jpg/110px-Cecil_Rhodes_ww.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Cecil_Rhodes_ww.jpg/165px-Cecil_Rhodes_ww.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Cecil_Rhodes_ww.jpg/220px-Cecil_Rhodes_ww.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="3554" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cecil_Rhodes" title="Cecil Rhodes">Cecil Rhodes</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hendrik_Antoon_Lorentz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Hendrik_Antoon_Lorentz.jpg/110px-Hendrik_Antoon_Lorentz.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Hendrik_Antoon_Lorentz.jpg/165px-Hendrik_Antoon_Lorentz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Hendrik_Antoon_Lorentz.jpg/220px-Hendrik_Antoon_Lorentz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Lorentz" title="Hendrik Lorentz">Hendrik Lorentz</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Albrecht_Kossel_nobel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Albrecht_Kossel_nobel.jpg/110px-Albrecht_Kossel_nobel.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Albrecht_Kossel_nobel.jpg/165px-Albrecht_Kossel_nobel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Albrecht_Kossel_nobel.jpg/220px-Albrecht_Kossel_nobel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="396" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Albrecht_Kossel" title="Albrecht Kossel">Albrecht Kossel</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kamerlingh_Onnes_signed.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Kamerlingh_Onnes_signed.jpg/110px-Kamerlingh_Onnes_signed.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Kamerlingh_Onnes_signed.jpg/165px-Kamerlingh_Onnes_signed.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Kamerlingh_Onnes_signed.jpg/220px-Kamerlingh_Onnes_signed.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1435" data-file-height="1980" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Heike_Kamerlingh_Onnes" title="Heike Kamerlingh Onnes">Heike Kamerlingh Onnes</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Teresa_Carre%C3%B1o,_1916.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Teresa_Carre%C3%B1o%2C_1916.jpg/110px-Teresa_Carre%C3%B1o%2C_1916.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Teresa_Carre%C3%B1o%2C_1916.jpg/165px-Teresa_Carre%C3%B1o%2C_1916.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Teresa_Carre%C3%B1o%2C_1916.jpg/220px-Teresa_Carre%C3%B1o%2C_1916.jpg 2x" data-file-width="386" data-file-height="478" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Teresa_Carre%C3%B1o" title="Teresa Carreño">Teresa Carreño</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_4" title="July 4">July 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Otto_Beckmann" title="Ernst Otto Beckmann">Ernst Otto Beckmann</a>, German chemist (d. <a href="/wiki/1923" title="1923">1923</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_5" title="July 5">July 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cecil_Rhodes" title="Cecil Rhodes">Cecil Rhodes</a>, English businessman (d. <a href="/wiki/1902" title="1902">1902</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_10" title="July 10">July 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Percy_Scott" title="Percy Scott">Percy Scott</a>, British admiral (d. <a href="/wiki/1924" title="1924">1924</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_18" title="July 18">July 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Lorentz" title="Hendrik Lorentz">Hendrik Lorentz</a>, Dutch physicist, <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Nobel Prize</a> laureate (d. <a href="/wiki/1928" title="1928">1928</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_24" title="July 24">July 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Gillette" title="William Gillette">William Gillette</a>, American actor, playwright and stage-manager (d. <a href="/wiki/1937" title="1937">1937</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_26" title="July 26">July 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Philip_Cowen" title="Philip Cowen">Philip Cowen</a>, American Jewish publisher and author (d. <a href="/wiki/1943" title="1943">1943</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_29" title="July 29">July 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ioan_Culcer" title="Ioan Culcer">Ioan Culcer</a>, Romanian general and politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1928" title="1928">1928</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_23" title="August 23">August 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Marques_de_Oliveira" title="João Marques de Oliveira">João Marques de Oliveira</a>, Portuguese painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1927" title="1927">1927</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_28" title="August 28">August 28</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Shukhov" title="Vladimir Shukhov">Vladimir Shukhov</a>, Russian engineer, polymath, scientist and architect (d. <a href="/wiki/1939" title="1939">1939</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_I,_Prince_of_Liechtenstein" title="Franz I, Prince of Liechtenstein">Franz I, Prince of Liechtenstein</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1938" title="1938">1938</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1" title="September 1">September 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Aleksei_Brusilov" title="Aleksei Brusilov">Aleksei Brusilov</a>, Russian general (d. <a href="/wiki/1926" title="1926">1926</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2" title="September 2">September 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald">Wilhelm Ostwald</a>, German chemist, <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Nobel Prize</a> laureate (d. <a href="/wiki/1932" title="1932">1932</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_6" title="September 6">September 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Katherine_Eleanor_Conway" title="Katherine Eleanor Conway">Katherine Eleanor Conway</a>, American journalist, editor, poet, and <a href="/wiki/Laetare_Medal" title="Laetare Medal">Laetare Medalist</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1927" title="1927">1927</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_16" title="September 16">September 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Albrecht_Kossel" title="Albrecht Kossel">Albrecht Kossel</a>, German physician, recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1927" title="1927">1927</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_20" title="September 20">September 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Chulalongkorn" title="Chulalongkorn">Chulalongkorn</a>, Rama V, King of Siam (d. <a href="/wiki/1910" title="1910">1910</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_21" title="September 21">September 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Heike_Kamerlingh_Onnes" title="Heike Kamerlingh Onnes">Heike Kamerlingh Onnes</a>, Dutch physicist, <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Nobel Prize</a> laureate (d. <a href="/wiki/1926" title="1926">1926</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_23" title="September 23">September 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fritz_von_Below" title="Fritz von Below">Fritz von Below</a>, German general (d. <a href="/wiki/1918" title="1918">1918</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_4" title="October 4">October 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jane_Maria_Read" title="Jane Maria Read">Jane Maria Read</a>, American poet and teacher (unknown year of death)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_13" title="October 13">October 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lillie_Langtry" title="Lillie Langtry">Lillie Langtry</a>, Jersey-born stage actress and royal mistress (d. <a href="/wiki/1929" title="1929">1929</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_14" title="October 14">October 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_William_Kendrick" title="John William Kendrick">John William Kendrick</a>, American railroad executive (d. <a href="/wiki/1924" title="1924">1924</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_16" title="October 16">October 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thadeus_von_Sivers" title="Thadeus von Sivers">Thadeus von Sivers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baltic_German" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltic German">Baltic German</a>-born Russian general (death date unknown)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_17" title="October 17">October 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchess_Maria_Alexandrovna_of_Russia" title="Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia">Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia</a>, wife of Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh (d. <a href="/wiki/1920" title="1920">1920</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_26" title="October 26">October 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_Akitake" title="Tokugawa Akitake">Tokugawa Akitake</a>, Japanese <i><a href="/wiki/Daimy%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Daimyō">daimyō</a></i>, the last lord of <a href="/wiki/Mito_Domain" title="Mito Domain">Mito Domain</a>, younger brother of the last <i><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dgun" class="mw-redirect" title="Shōgun">shōgun</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_Yoshinobu" title="Tokugawa Yoshinobu">Tokugawa Yoshinobu</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1910" title="1910">1910</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_30" title="October 30">October 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Louise_Abb%C3%A9ma" title="Louise Abbéma">Louise Abbéma</a>, French painter, sculptor, and designer of the <i>Belle Époque</i> (d. <a href="/wiki/1927" title="1927">1927</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_9" title="November 9">November 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Stanford_White" title="Stanford White">Stanford White</a>, American architect (d. <a href="/wiki/1906" title="1906">1906</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_13" title="November 13">November 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Drew,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="John Drew, Jr.">John Drew, Jr.</a>, American stage actor (d. <a href="/wiki/1927" title="1927">1927</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_18" title="November 18">November 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Leopold_Poetsch" title="Leopold Poetsch">Leopold Poetsch</a>, Austrian history teacher, high school teacher of <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> and <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Eichmann" title="Adolf Eichmann">Adolf Eichmann</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1942" title="1942">1942</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_20" title="November 20">November 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Oskar_Potiorek" title="Oskar Potiorek">Oskar Potiorek</a>, Austro-Hungarian general (d. <a href="/wiki/1933" title="1933">1933</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_29" title="November 29">November 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Panagiotis_Danglis" title="Panagiotis Danglis">Panagiotis Danglis</a>, Greek general, politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1924" title="1924">1924</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_6" title="December 6">December 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hara_Prasad_Shastri" title="Hara Prasad Shastri">Hara Prasad Shastri</a>, Indian academic, Sanskrit scholar, archivist and historian of Bengali literature (d. <a href="/wiki/1931" title="1931">1931</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_14" title="December 14">December 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Errico_Malatesta" title="Errico Malatesta">Errico Malatesta</a>, Italian anarchist (d. <a href="/wiki/1932" title="1932">1932</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_17" title="December 17">December 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Roux" title="Émile Roux">Émile Roux</a>, French physician, bacteriologist and immunologist (d. <a href="/wiki/1933" title="1933">1933</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_21" title="December 21">December 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Noda_Utar%C5%8D" title="Noda Utarō">Noda Utarō</a>, Japanese entrepreneur and politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1927" title="1927">1927</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_22" title="December 22">December 22</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sarada_Devi" title="Sarada Devi">Sarada Devi</a>, Indian mystic and saint (d. <a href="/wiki/1920" title="1920">1920</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teresa_Carre%C3%B1o" title="Teresa Carreño">Teresa Carreño</a>, Venezuelan pianist, singer, composer, and conductor (d. <a href="/wiki/1917" title="1917">1917</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_23" title="December 23">December 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Moody" title="William Henry Moody">William Henry Moody</a>, 35th <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Navy" title="United States Secretary of the Navy">United States Secretary of the Navy</a>, 45th <a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">United States Attorney General</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Associate_Justice_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States">Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1917" title="1917">1917</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_31" title="December 31">December 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tasker_H._Bliss" title="Tasker H. Bliss">Tasker H. Bliss</a>, American general (d. <a href="/wiki/1930" title="1930">1930</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Date_unknown_2">Date unknown</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1853&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Date unknown"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_O%27Malley_(politician)" title="William O'Malley (politician)">William O'Malley</a>, Irish politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1939" title="1939">1939</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deaths">Deaths</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1853&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Deaths"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="January–June_2"><span id="January.E2.80.93June_2"></span>January–June</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1853&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: January–June"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Christian_Doppler.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Christian_Doppler.jpg/110px-Christian_Doppler.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Christian_Doppler.jpg/165px-Christian_Doppler.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Christian_Doppler.jpg/220px-Christian_Doppler.jpg 2x" data-file-width="499" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Christian_Doppler" title="Christian Doppler">Christian Doppler</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_8" title="January 8">January 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mih%C3%A1ly_Bertalanits" title="Mihály Bertalanits">Mihály Bertalanits</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovenes" title="Slovenes">Slovene</a> (<a href="/wiki/Prekmurje_Slovenes" title="Prekmurje Slovenes">Prekmurje Slovene</a>) poet in the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Kingdom of Hungary</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1788" title="1788">1788</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_16" title="January 16">January 16</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matteo_Carcassi" title="Matteo Carcassi">Matteo Carcassi</a>, Italian composer (b. <a href="/wiki/1792" title="1792">1792</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Rainer_Joseph_of_Austria" title="Archduke Rainer Joseph of Austria">Archduke Rainer Joseph of Austria</a>, Archduke of Austria, Prince Royal of Hungary and Bohemia (b. <a href="/wiki/1783" title="1783">1783</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lucas_(governor)" title="Robert Lucas (governor)">Robert Lucas</a>, governor of Ohio, United States (b. <a href="/wiki/1781" title="1781">1781</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_19" title="January 19">January 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Karl_Faber" title="Karl Faber">Karl Faber</a>, German historian (b. <a href="/wiki/1773" title="1773">1773</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_22" title="January 22">January 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9ry_von_Bruiningk" title="Méry von Bruiningk">Méry von Bruiningk</a>, Estonian democrat (b. <a href="/wiki/1818" title="1818">1818</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_4" title="February 4">February 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Princess_Maria_Am%C3%A9lia_of_Brazil" title="Princess Maria Amélia of Brazil">Princess Maria Amélia of Brazil</a>, daughter of Emperor <a href="/wiki/Pedro_I_of_Brazil" title="Pedro I of Brazil">Pedro I of Brazil</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1831" title="1831">1831</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_6" title="February 6">February 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anastasio_Bustamante" title="Anastasio Bustamante">Anastasio Bustamante</a>, 4th <a href="/wiki/President_of_Mexico" title="President of Mexico">President of Mexico</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1780" title="1780">1780</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_15" title="February 15">February 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/August,_Prince_of_Hohenlohe-%C3%96hringen" title="August, Prince of Hohenlohe-Öhringen">August, Prince of Hohenlohe-Öhringen</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1784" title="1784">1784</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_17" title="March 17">March 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Christian_Doppler" title="Christian Doppler">Christian Doppler</a>, Austrian mathematician (b. <a href="/wiki/1803" title="1803">1803</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_30" title="March 30">March 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Abigail_Fillmore" title="Abigail Fillmore">Abigail Fillmore</a>, <a href="/wiki/First_Lady_of_the_United_States" title="First Lady of the United States">First Lady of the United States</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1798" title="1798">1798</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_18" title="April 18">April 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_R._King" title="William R. King">William R. King</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Vice_Presidents_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Vice Presidents of the United States">13th</a> <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President of the United States</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1786" title="1786">1786</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_28" title="April 28">April 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Tieck" title="Ludwig Tieck">Ludwig Tieck</a>, German writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1773" title="1773">1773</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_18" title="May 18">May 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lionel_Kieseritzky" title="Lionel Kieseritzky">Lionel Kieseritzky</a>, Baltic-German chess player (b. <a href="/wiki/1806" title="1806">1806</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2" title="June 2">June 2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lucas_Alam%C3%A1n" title="Lucas Alamán">Lucas Alamán</a>, Mexican statesman, historian (b. <a href="/wiki/1792" title="1792">1792</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Trevor,_21st_Baron_Dacre" title="Henry Trevor, 21st Baron Dacre">Henry Trevor, 21st Baron Dacre</a>, British peer, soldier (b. <a href="/wiki/1777" title="1777">1777</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_7" title="June 7">June 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Giuseppina_Ronzi_de_Begnis" title="Giuseppina Ronzi de Begnis">Giuseppina Ronzi de Begnis</a>, Italian opera singer (b. <a href="/wiki/1800" title="1800">1800</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_8" title="June 8">June 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Howard_Vyse" title="Howard Vyse">Howard Vyse</a>, English soldier and Egyptologist (b. <a href="/wiki/1784" title="1784">1784</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_27" title="June 27">June 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Brian_Adams" title="Lewis Brian Adams">Lewis Brian Adams</a>, English painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1809" title="1809">1809</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July–December_2"><span id="July.E2.80.93December_2"></span>July–December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1853&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: July–December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Georg_Friedrich_Grotefend.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Georg_Friedrich_Grotefend.jpg/110px-Georg_Friedrich_Grotefend.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Georg_Friedrich_Grotefend.jpg/165px-Georg_Friedrich_Grotefend.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Georg_Friedrich_Grotefend.jpg/220px-Georg_Friedrich_Grotefend.jpg 2x" data-file-width="788" data-file-height="916" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Georg_Friedrich_Grotefend" title="Georg Friedrich Grotefend">Georg Friedrich Grotefend</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Harvard_Daguerreotypes_-_bMS_Am_1054-1054.5_-_Maria_White.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Harvard_Daguerreotypes_-_bMS_Am_1054-1054.5_-_Maria_White.jpg/110px-Harvard_Daguerreotypes_-_bMS_Am_1054-1054.5_-_Maria_White.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Harvard_Daguerreotypes_-_bMS_Am_1054-1054.5_-_Maria_White.jpg/165px-Harvard_Daguerreotypes_-_bMS_Am_1054-1054.5_-_Maria_White.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Harvard_Daguerreotypes_-_bMS_Am_1054-1054.5_-_Maria_White.jpg/220px-Harvard_Daguerreotypes_-_bMS_Am_1054-1054.5_-_Maria_White.jpg 2x" data-file-width="353" data-file-height="487" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Maria_White_Lowell" title="Maria White Lowell">Maria White Lowell</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_27" title="July 27">July 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_Ieyoshi" title="Tokugawa Ieyoshi">Tokugawa Ieyoshi</a>, 12th <i><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dgun" class="mw-redirect" title="Shōgun">shōgun</a></i> of the <a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_shogunate" title="Tokugawa shogunate">Tokugawa shogunate</a> of Japan (b. <a href="/wiki/1793" title="1793">1793</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_9" title="August 9">August 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Maria_Hoene-Wro%C5%84ski" title="Józef Maria Hoene-Wroński">Józef Maria Hoene-Wroński</a>, Polish philosopher (b. <a href="/wiki/1776" title="1776">1776</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_19" title="August 19">August 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_Cockburn" class="mw-redirect" title="George Cockburn">George Cockburn</a>, British naval commander (b. <a href="/wiki/1772" title="1772">1772</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_21" title="August 21">August 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Maria_Quit%C3%A9ria" title="Maria Quitéria">Maria Quitéria</a>, Brazilian national heroine (b. <a href="/wiki/1792" title="1792">1792</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_23" title="August 23">August 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Calder_(Beaumont,_Texas)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander Calder (Beaumont, Texas)">Alexander Calder</a>, first mayor of <a href="/wiki/Beaumont,_Texas" title="Beaumont, Texas">Beaumont, Texas</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1806" title="1806">1806</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_29" title="August 29">August 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_James_Napier" title="Charles James Napier">Charles James Napier</a>, British army general and colonial administrator (b. <a href="/wiki/1782" title="1782">1782</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_3" title="September 3">September 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Augustin_Saint-Hilaire" title="Augustin Saint-Hilaire">Augustin Saint-Hilaire</a>, French botanist, traveller (b. <a href="/wiki/1799" title="1799">1799</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_6" title="September 6">September 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_Bradshaw" title="George Bradshaw">George Bradshaw</a>, English timetable publisher (b. <a href="/wiki/1800" title="1800">1800</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2" title="October 2">October 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Arago" title="François Arago">François Arago</a>, French Catalan mathematician, physicist, astronomer and politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1786" title="1786">1786</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_3" title="October 3">October 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_Onslow_(composer)" title="George Onslow (composer)">George Onslow</a>, French composer (b. <a href="/wiki/1784" title="1784">1784</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_5" title="October 5">October 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mahlon_Dickerson" title="Mahlon Dickerson">Mahlon Dickerson</a>, American judge, politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1770" title="1770">1770</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_13" title="October 13">October 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jan_Cock_Blomhoff" title="Jan Cock Blomhoff">Jan Cock Blomhoff</a>, Dutch <a href="/wiki/Opperhoofd#In_Asia" title="Opperhoofd">director</a> of <a href="/wiki/Dejima" title="Dejima">Dejima</a>, Japan (b. <a href="/wiki/1779" title="1779">1779</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_22" title="October 22">October 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Juan_Antonio_Lavalleja" title="Juan Antonio Lavalleja">Juan Antonio Lavalleja</a>, Uruguayan military, political figure (b. <a href="/wiki/1784" title="1784">1784</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_27" title="October 27">October 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Maria_White_Lowell" title="Maria White Lowell">Maria White Lowell</a>, American abolitionist (b. <a href="/wiki/1821" title="1821">1821</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_15" title="November 15">November 15</a> – Queen <a href="/wiki/Maria_II_of_Portugal" title="Maria II of Portugal">Maria II of Portugal</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1819" title="1819">1819</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_15" title="December 15">December 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Georg_Friedrich_Grotefend" title="Georg Friedrich Grotefend">Georg Friedrich Grotefend</a>, German epigraphist, philologist (b. <a href="/wiki/1775" title="1775">1775</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_23" title="December 23">December 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Juliette_Bussi%C3%A8re_Laforest-Courtois" title="Juliette Bussière Laforest-Courtois">Juliette Bussière Laforest-Courtois</a>, Haitian journalist (b. <a href="/wiki/1789" title="1789">1789</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Date_unknown_3">Date unknown</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1853&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Date unknown"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barnard_E._Bee_Sr." title="Barnard E. Bee Sr.">Barnard E. Bee, Sr.</a>, American Attorney and Texan Anti-Annexation Politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1787" title="1787">1787</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta_Forkel-Liebeskind" title="Meta Forkel-Liebeskind">Meta Forkel-Liebeskind</a>, German writer and scholar (b. <a href="/wiki/1765" title="1765">1765</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiu_Ersao" title="Qiu Ersao">Qiu Ersao</a>, Chinese rebel and military commander (b. <a href="/wiki/1822" title="1822">1822</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinando_Quaglia" title="Ferdinando Quaglia">Ferdinando Quaglia</a>, Italian painter of portrait miniatures (b. <a href="/wiki/1780" title="1780">1780</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1853&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGazette21426" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/21426/page/950">"No. 21426"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a></i>. 1853-04-01. pp. <span class="nowrap">950–</span>951.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+21426&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E950-%3C%2Fspan%3E951&rft.date=1853-04-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F21426%2Fpage%2F950&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1853" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDowney2008" class="citation web cs1">Downey, Lynn (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110723005530/http://www.levistrauss.com/sites/default/files/librarydocument/2010/4/History_Levi_Strauss_Biography.pdf">"Levi Strauss: a short biography"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Levi Strauss & Co. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.levistrauss.com/sites/default/files/librarydocument/2010/4/History_Levi_Strauss_Biography.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on July 23, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Levi+Strauss%3A+a+short+biography&rft.pub=Levi+Strauss+%26+Co.&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Downey&rft.aufirst=Lynn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.levistrauss.com%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Flibrarydocument%2F2010%2F4%2FHistory_Levi_Strauss_Biography.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1853" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLorimer1915" class="citation book cs1">Lorimer, John (1915). <i>Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf</i>. Bombay: British Government.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gazetteer+of+the+Persian+Gulf&rft.place=Bombay&rft.pub=British+Government&rft.date=1915&rft.aulast=Lorimer&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1853" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPritchettTunali1995" class="citation journal cs1">Pritchett, Jonathan B.; Tunali, Insan (1995). "Strangers' Disease: Determinants of Yellow Fever Mortality during the New Orleans Epidemic of 1853". <i>Explorations in Economic History</i>. <b>32</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">517–</span>539. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1006%2Fexeh.1995.1022">10.1006/exeh.1995.1022</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Explorations+in+Economic+History&rft.atitle=Strangers%27+Disease%3A+Determinants+of+Yellow+Fever+Mortality+during+the+New+Orleans+Epidemic+of+1853&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E517-%3C%2Fspan%3E539&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1006%2Fexeh.1995.1022&rft.aulast=Pritchett&rft.aufirst=Jonathan+B.&rft.au=Tunali%2C+Insan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1853" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VY5PW_JJQGc#t=50s">"Tissot - The Watch Brand 2020"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></i>. January 10, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/VY5PW_JJQGc">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-12-11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=Tissot+-+The+Watch+Brand+2020&rft.date=2020-01-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DVY5PW_JJQGc%23t%3D50s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1853" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americaslibrary.gov/jb/reform/jb_reform_otis_1.html">"Otis Opened Elevator Factory"</a>. <i>www.americaslibrary.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-01-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.americaslibrary.gov&rft.atitle=Otis+Opened+Elevator+Factory&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americaslibrary.gov%2Fjb%2Freform%2Fjb_reform_otis_1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1853" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.standardchartered.com/about-us/history/en/index.html">"Our History"</a>. Standard Chartered<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-08-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Our+History&rft.pub=Standard+Chartered&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.standardchartered.com%2Fabout-us%2Fhistory%2Fen%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1853" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaniell1887" class="citation book cs1">Daniell, Lewis E. (1887). <i>Personnel of the Texas State Government with Sketches of Distinguished Texans, Embracing the Executive Staff, Heads of Departments, United States Senators and Representatives, Members of the XXth legislature</i>. Austin: Press of the City Printing Company. p. 19. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/19016834">19016834</a>. <q>The Secretary of State, was born in Houston county, Texas, on the twenty-third day of January, 1853.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Personnel+of+the+Texas+State+Government+with+Sketches+of+Distinguished+Texans%2C+Embracing+the+Executive+Staff%2C+Heads+of+Departments%2C+United+States+Senators+and+Representatives%2C+Members+of+the+XXth+legislature&rft.place=Austin&rft.pages=19&rft.pub=Press+of+the+City+Printing+Company&rft.date=1887&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F19016834&rft.aulast=Daniell&rft.aufirst=Lewis+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1853" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZelepos2017" class="citation book cs1">Zelepos, Ioannis (29 September 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mgsxDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT79"><i>Kleine Geschichte Griechenlands: Von der Staatsgründung bis heute</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/C.H.Beck" class="mw-redirect" title="C.H.Beck">C.H.Beck</a>. p. 79. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783406714825" title="Special:BookSources/9783406714825"><bdi>9783406714825</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kleine+Geschichte+Griechenlands%3A+Von+der+Staatsgr%C3%BCndung+bis+heute&rft.pages=79&rft.pub=C.H.Beck&rft.date=2017-09-29&rft.isbn=9783406714825&rft.aulast=Zelepos&rft.aufirst=Ioannis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmgsxDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT79&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1853" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1853&oldid=1275184421">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1853&oldid=1275184421</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1853" title="Category:1853">1853</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Latin-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Latin-language text">Articles containing Latin-language text</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 11 February 2025, at 15:38<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1853&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">1853</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>176 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-7c99945f4b-9ntnx","wgBackendResponseTime":144,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.683","walltime":"0.926","ppvisitednodes":{"value":5582,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":50812,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":2859,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":23,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":37,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":53738,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 783.237 1 -total"," 25.49% 199.684 1 Template:C19_year_in_topic"," 23.42% 183.462 1 Template:Reflist"," 22.43% 175.677 1 Template:Year_nav"," 18.85% 147.656 1 Template:Year_article_header"," 16.47% 129.010 1 Template:London_Gazette"," 16.41% 128.555 1 Template:Year_article_header/zc"," 16.07% 125.831 1 Template:Cite_magazine"," 14.18% 111.068 1 Template:Lang"," 10.74% 84.088 1 Template:Commons_category"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.363","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":20259364,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-ext.codfw.main-6f7954f7b5-n68f7","timestamp":"20250211153805","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"1853","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1853","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q7666","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q7666","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-10-17T13:29:28Z","dateModified":"2025-02-11T15:38:04Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/c\/ce\/Japanese_1854_print_Commodore_Perry.jpg","headline":"year"}</script> </body> </html>