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class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans" class="">资助维基百科</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的" class="">创建账号</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o" class="">登录</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="更多选项" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="个人工具" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > 个人工具 </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans">资助维基百科</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"> 创建账号</a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"> 登录</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息">了解详情</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y">贡献</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n">讨论</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-历史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#历史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 历史 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-历史-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关历史子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-历史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-第一帝国" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#第一帝国"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 第一帝国 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-第一帝国-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-第二帝国" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#第二帝国"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 第二帝国 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-第二帝国-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-鄂圖曼统治" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#鄂圖曼统治"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 鄂圖曼统治 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-鄂圖曼统治-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-保加利亞王国时期" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#保加利亞王国时期"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 保加利亞王国时期 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-保加利亞王国时期-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-现代历史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#现代历史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 现代历史 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-现代历史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-近代政權列表" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#近代政權列表"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6 近代政權列表 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-近代政權列表-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-政治" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#政治"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 政治 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-政治-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-行政区划" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#行政区划"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 行政区划 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-行政区划-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-地理" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#地理"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 地理 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-地理-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-军事與外交" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#军事與外交"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 军事與外交 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-军事與外交-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-经济" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#经济"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 经济 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-经济-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-交通" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#交通"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 交通 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-交通-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-人口" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#人口"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 人口 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-人口-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关人口子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-人口-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-主要城市" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#主要城市"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 主要城市 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-主要城市-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-文化" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#文化"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 文化 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-文化-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关文化子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-文化-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-體育運動" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#體育運動"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 體育運動 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-體育運動-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-飲食" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#飲食"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 飲食 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-飲食-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-节假日" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#节假日"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3 节假日 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-节假日-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考文獻" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考文獻"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 參考文獻 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考文獻-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 外部連結 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > 开关目录 </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">保加利亚</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。289种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-289" aria-hidden="true" > 289种语言 </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0" title="Болгариа – 阿布哈西亚语" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Болгариа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="阿布哈西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Аԥсшәа</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – 亚齐语" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="亚齐语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Булгарие – 阿迪格语" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Булгарие" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="阿迪格语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгабзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarye" title="Bulgarye – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Bulgarye" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarien" title="Bulgarien – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Bulgarien" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%A1%E1%88%8D%E1%8C%8B%E1%88%AA%E1%8B%AB" title="ቡልጋሪያ – 阿姆哈拉语" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቡልጋሪያ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="阿姆哈拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangcah</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulgaraland" title="Pulgaraland – 古英语" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Pulgaraland" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="古英语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buligaria" title="Buligaria – 奥博洛语" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Buligaria" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="奥博洛语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Obolo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="बल्गारिया – 昂加语" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="बल्गारिया" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="昂加语" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="بلغاريا – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بلغاريا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%92%DC%98%DC%A0%DC%93%DC%90%DC%AA%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܒܘܠܓܐܪܝܐ – 阿拉米语" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܒܘܠܓܐܪܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="阿拉米语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ܐܪܡܝܐ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="بلغاريا – 摩洛哥阿拉伯文" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="بلغاريا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="摩洛哥阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="بلجاريا – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بلجاريا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%8A%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Булгъар – 阿瓦尔语" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Булгъар" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="阿瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Авар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balgaria" title="Balgaria – 科塔瓦文" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Balgaria" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="科塔瓦文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kotava</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="बुल्गारिया – 阿瓦德语" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="बुल्गारिया" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="阿瓦德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulkariya" title="Bulkariya – 艾马拉语" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Bulkariya" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="艾马拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolqar%C4%B1stan" title="Bolqarıstan – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bolqarıstan" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="بولغاریستان – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بولغاریستان" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Болгария – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Болгария" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – 巴厘语" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="巴厘语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buigarien" title="Buigarien – 巴伐利亞文" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Buigarien" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="巴伐利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgar%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Bulgarėjė – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Bulgarėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarya" title="Bulgarya – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Bulgarya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Балгарыя – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Балгарыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Баўгарыя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Баўгарыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgari" title="Bulgari – 貝塔維文" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Bulgari" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="貝塔維文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Betawi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="България – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="България" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="बुल्गारिया – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="बुल्गारिया" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – 比斯拉马语" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="比斯拉马语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%97%E1%80%B0%E1%80%82%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%81%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%91%E1%80%AE" title="ဗူဂေးရီးယားခမ်းထီ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ဗူဂေးရီးယားခမ်းထီ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target">ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – 班巴拉语" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="班巴拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bamanankan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="বুলগেরিয়া – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বুলগেরিয়া" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A1%E0%BC%8D" title="པུ་ར་ག་རི་ཡ། – 藏语" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="པུ་ར་ག་རི་ཡ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="藏语" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="বুলগেরিয়া – 比什奴普萊利亞文" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="বুলগেরিয়া" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="比什奴普萊利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target">বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bugarska" title="Bugarska – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Bugarska" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Болгари – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Болгари" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulg%C3%A0ria" title="Bulgària – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bulgària" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chavacano de Zamboanga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Болгари – 车臣语" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Болгари" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="车臣语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – 宿务语" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="宿务语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – 查莫罗语" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="查莫罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chamoru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%8A%E1%8E%B5%E1%8E%A8%E1%8E%B5%E1%8E%A0" title="ᏊᎵᎨᎵᎠ – 切罗基语" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏊᎵᎨᎵᎠ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="切罗基语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᏣᎳᎩ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="بولگاریا – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بولگاریا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – 科西嘉语" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="科西嘉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bul%C4%9Faristan" title="Bulğaristan – 克里米亚鞑靼语" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Bulğaristan" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="克里米亚鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulharsko" title="Bulharsko – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bulharsko" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B9%C5%82gari%C3%B4" title="Bùłgariô – 卡舒比语" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Bùłgariô" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="卡舒比语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kaszëbsczi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D1%8A%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%97%EA%99%97" title="Блъгарїꙗ – 教会斯拉夫语" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Блъгарїꙗ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="教会斯拉夫语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Болгари – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Болгари" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bwlgaria" title="Bwlgaria – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Bwlgaria" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="推荐条目"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarien" title="Bulgarien – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bulgarien" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarien" title="Bulgarien – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bulgarien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – 丁卡语" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="丁卡语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Thuɔŋjäŋ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bul%C4%9Far%C4%B1stan" title="Bulğarıstan – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Bulğarıstan" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulga%C5%95ska" title="Bulgaŕska – 下索布语" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Bulgaŕska" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="下索布语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="बुल्गेरिया – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="बुल्गेरिया" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%84%DE%A6%DE%8D%DE%B0%DE%8E%DE%AD%DE%83%DE%A8%DE%87%DE%A7" title="ބަލްގޭރިއާ – 迪维希语" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ބަލްގޭރިއާ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="迪维希语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ދިވެހިބަސް</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – 埃维语" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="埃维语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eʋegbe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%B3%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Βουλγαρία – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βουλγαρία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgar%C3%AE" title="Bulgarî – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Bulgarî" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgario" title="Bulgario – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Bulgario" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaaria" title="Bulgaaria – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Bulgaaria" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – 埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="بلغارستان – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بلغارستان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgariya" title="Bulgariya – 富拉语" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Bulgariya" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="富拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fulfulde</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaaria" title="Bulgaaria – 佛羅文" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Bulgaaria" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="佛羅文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – 法罗语" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="法罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarie" title="Bulgarie – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bulgarie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – 法蘭克-普羅旺斯文" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="法蘭克-普羅旺斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaarien" title="Bulgaarien – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Bulgaarien" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarie" title="Bulgarie – 弗留利语" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Bulgarie" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="弗留利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarije" title="Bulgarije – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Bulgarije" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Bhulg%C3%A1ir" title="An Bhulgáir – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Bhulgáir" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgariya" title="Bulgariya – 加告兹语" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Bulgariya" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="加告兹语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagauz</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" title="保加利亞 – 赣语" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="保加利亞" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="赣语" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilgari" title="Bilgari – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Bilgari" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulg%C3%A0iria" title="Bulgàiria – 苏格兰盖尔语" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Bulgàiria" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="苏格兰盖尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vug%C3%A1ria" title="Vugária – 瓜拉尼语" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Vugária" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="瓜拉尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="बल्गेरिया – 孔卡尼文" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="बल्गेरिया" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="孔卡尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target">गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B1%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%B2%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%BE%F0%90%8C%B0" title="𐌱𐌿𐌻𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌾𐌰 – 哥特语" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌱𐌿𐌻𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌾𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="哥特语" class="interlanguage-link-target">𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AC%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%97%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%BE" title="બલ્ગેરિયા – 古吉拉特语" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="બલ્ગેરિયા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="古吉拉特语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Vulgeyr" title="Yn Vulgeyr – 马恩语" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Vulgeyr" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="马恩语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgeriya" title="Bulgeriya – 豪萨语" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Bulgeriya" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="豪萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – 客家语" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家语" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulukalia" title="Pulukalia – 夏威夷语" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Pulukalia" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="夏威夷语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94" title="בולגריה – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בולגריה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="बुल्गारिया – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बुल्गारिया" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bugarska" title="Bugarska – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bugarska" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bo%C5%82harska" title="Bołharska – 上索布语" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Bołharska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="上索布语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilgari" title="Bilgari – 海地克里奥尔语" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Bilgari" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地克里奥尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulg%C3%A1ria" title="Bulgária – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bulgária" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AC%D5%B2%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Բուլղարիա – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բուլղարիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AC%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Պուլկարիա – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Պուլկարիա" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – 伊班语" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="伊班语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jaku Iban</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – 国际文字（E）" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="国际文字（E）" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – 伊博语" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="伊博语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – 伊洛卡诺语" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="伊洛卡诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Болгари – 印古什语" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Болгари" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="印古什语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ГӀалгӀай</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BAlgar%C3%ADa" title="Búlgaría – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Búlgaría" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%96%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AC%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2" title="ブルガリア – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ブルガリア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgieria" title="Bulgieria – 牙買加克里奧爾英文" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Bulgieria" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="牙買加克里奧爾英文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/bylgAri,as" title="bylgAri,as – 逻辑语" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="bylgAri,as" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="逻辑语" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgari" title="Bulgari – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Bulgari" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="ბულგარეთი – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბულგარეთი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolgariya" title="Bolgariya – 卡拉卡尔帕克语" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Bolgariya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="卡拉卡尔帕克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarya" title="Bulgarya – 卡拜尔语" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Bulgarya" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="卡拜尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8D" title="Балгариэ – 卡巴尔德语" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Балгариэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="卡巴尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгэбзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puligari" title="Puligari – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Puligari" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buli%CC%B1gariya" title="Buli̱gariya – 卡塔布语" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Buli̱gariya" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="卡塔布语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tyap</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balgaria" title="Balgaria – 刚果语" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Balgaria" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="刚果语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kumoring</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bocyugo" title="Bocyugo – 吉库尤语" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Bocyugo" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="吉库尤语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gĩkũyũ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Болгария – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Болгария" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B8" title="ប៊ុលហ្ការី – 高棉语" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ប៊ុលហ្ការី" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="高棉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF" title="ಬಲ್ಗೇರಿಯ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಬಲ್ಗೇರಿಯ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B6%88%EA%B0%80%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84" title="불가리아 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="불가리아" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D3%A7%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Бӧлгария – 科米-彼尔米亚克语" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Бӧлгария" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="科米-彼尔米亚克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Перем коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Болгария – 卡拉恰伊巴尔卡尔语" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Болгария" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="卡拉恰伊巴尔卡尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Къарачай-малкъар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarije" title="Bulgarije – 科隆语" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Bulgarije" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="科隆语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ripoarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaristan" title="Bulgaristan – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Bulgaristan" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Болгария – 科米语" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Болгария" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="科米语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgari" title="Bulgari – 康沃尔语" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Bulgari" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="康沃尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Болгария – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Болгария" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – 拉迪诺语" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="拉迪诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarien" title="Bulgarien – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Bulgarien" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Болгария – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Болгария" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лакку</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Болгария – 列兹金语" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Болгария" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="列兹金语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лезги</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balgaria" title="Balgaria – 新共同語言" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Balgaria" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="新共同語言" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarije" title="Bulgarije – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Bulgarije" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgar%C3%AEa" title="Bulgarîa – 利古里亚语" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Bulgarîa" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="利古里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BClgaria" title="Bülgaria – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Bülgaria" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – 林加拉语" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="林加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B5" title="ປະເທດບູນກາລີ – 老挝语" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດບູນກາລີ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="老挝语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarija" title="Bulgarija – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Bulgarija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgareja" title="Bulgareja – 拉特加萊文" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Bulgareja" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="拉特加萊文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latgaļu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulg%C4%81rija" title="Bulgārija – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Bulgārija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – 马都拉语" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="马都拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Madhurâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="बुल्गेरिया – 迈蒂利语" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="बुल्गेरिया" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="迈蒂利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Banyumasan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Болгария – 莫克沙语" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Болгария" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="莫克沙语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolgaria" title="Bolgaria – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Bolgaria" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Болгарий – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Болгарий" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puruk%C4%81ria" title="Purukāria – 毛利语" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Purukāria" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="毛利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – 米南佳保语" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="米南佳保语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Бугарија – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Бугарија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%BE%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF" title="ബൾഗേറിയ – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബൾഗേറിയ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Болгар – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Болгар" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%9C%EA%AF%92%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A5" title="ꯕꯜꯒꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ – 曼尼普尔语" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯕꯜꯒꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="曼尼普尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="बल्गेरिया – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="बल्गेरिया" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Болгари – 西馬里文" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Болгари" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="西馬里文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarija" title="Bulgarija – 马耳他语" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Bulgarija" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="马耳他语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulg%C3%A1ria" title="Bulgária – 米兰德斯语" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Bulgária" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="米兰德斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%98%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BA%E1%80%82%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="ဘူလ်ဂေးရီးယားနိုင်ငံ – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဘူလ်ဂေးရီးယားနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Болгария Мастор – 厄尔兹亚语" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Болгария Мастор" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="厄尔兹亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="بلغارستون – 马赞德兰语" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="بلغارستون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="马赞德兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – 那不勒斯语" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="那不勒斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Napulitano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarien" title="Bulgarien – 低地德语" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Bulgarien" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarije" title="Bulgarije – 低萨克森语" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Bulgarije" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="低萨克森语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="बुल्गेरिया – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="बुल्गेरिया" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="बुल्गेरिया – 尼瓦尔语" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="बुल्गेरिया" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarije" title="Bulgarije – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bulgarije" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – 諾維亞文" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="諾維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarie" title="Bulgarie – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Bulgarie" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nouormand</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – 北索托语" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="北索托语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sesotho sa Leboa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dits%CA%BCoz%C3%AD_Da%CA%BCalzhishii_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Ditsʼozí Daʼalzhishii Bikéyah – 纳瓦霍语" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Ditsʼozí Daʼalzhishii Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="纳瓦霍语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Diné bizaad</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolguarii" title="Bolguarii – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Bolguarii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgeeriyaa" title="Bulgeeriyaa – 奥罗莫语" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Bulgeeriyaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="奥罗莫语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oromoo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Болгари – 奥塞梯语" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Болгари" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="奥塞梯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86" title="ਬੁਲਗਾਰੀਆ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬੁਲਗਾਰੀਆ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgariya" title="Bulgariya – 邦阿西南语" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Bulgariya" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="邦阿西南语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangasinan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – 邦板牙语" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="邦板牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – 帕皮阿门托语" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="帕皮阿门托语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarie" title="Bulgarie – 庇卡底文" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Bulgarie" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="庇卡底文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarien" title="Bulgarien – 賓夕法尼亞德文" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Bulgarien" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="賓夕法尼亞德文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deitsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarien" title="Bulgarien – 普法爾茨德文" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Bulgarien" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="普法爾茨德文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pälzisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="बुल्गारिया – 巴利语" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="बुल्गारिया" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="巴利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgeriya" title="Bulgeriya – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Bulgeriya" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norfuk / Pitkern</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bu%C5%82garia" title="Bułgaria – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bułgaria" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgar%C3%ACa" title="Bulgarìa – 皮埃蒙特文" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Bulgarìa" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="皮埃蒙特文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="بلغاریا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بلغاریا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%B3%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Βουλγαρία – 旁狄希臘文" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Βουλγαρία" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="旁狄希臘文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ποντιακά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="بلغاریا – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="بلغاریا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulg%C3%A1ria" title="Bulgária – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bulgária" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulqarya" title="Pulqarya – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Pulqarya" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – 罗曼什语" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="罗曼什语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgariya" title="Bulgariya – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Bulgariya" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Romani čhib</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – 隆迪语" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Ikirundi" data-language-local-name="隆迪语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikirundi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vurgaria" title="Vurgaria – 阿罗马尼亚语" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Vurgaria" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="阿罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Armãneashti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarie" title="Bulgarie – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Bulgarie" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tarandíne</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Болгария – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Болгария" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Болгарія – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Болгарія" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulugariya" title="Bulugariya – 卢旺达语" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Bulugariya" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="卢旺达语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikinyarwanda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="बुल्गारिया – 梵语" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="बुल्गारिया" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="梵语" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Болгария – 萨哈语" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Болгария" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="萨哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱵᱩᱞᱜᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ – 桑塔利语" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱵᱩᱞᱜᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="桑塔利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – 萨丁语" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="萨丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgar%C3%ACa" title="Bulgarìa – 西西里语" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Bulgarìa" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarie" title="Bulgarie – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Bulgarie" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="بلگاريا – 信德语" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="بلگاريا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulg%C3%A1ria" title="Bulgária – 北方萨米语" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Bulgária" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="北方萨米语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulugar%C3%AFi" title="Bulugarïi – 桑戈语" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Bulugarïi" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="桑戈语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sängö</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bugarska" title="Bugarska – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Bugarska" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bul%C9%A3arya" title="Bulɣarya – 希尔哈语" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Bulɣarya" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="希尔哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taclḥit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%B0%E1%82%87%E1%81%B5%E1%82%83%E1%82%87%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87%E1%80%9A%E1%82%83%E1%82%87" title="မိူင်းပူႇၵႃႇရီႇယႃႇ – 掸语" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းပူႇၵႃႇရီႇယႃႇ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="掸语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9A%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="බල්ගේරියාව – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="බල්ගේරියාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulharsko" title="Bulharsko – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Bulharsko" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%81" title="بلغاریہ – 色莱基语" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="بلغاریہ" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="色莱基语" class="interlanguage-link-target">سرائیکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolgarija" title="Bolgarija – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Bolgarija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bultalia" title="Bultalia – 萨摩亚语" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Bultalia" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="萨摩亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagana Samoa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – 伊纳里萨米语" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="伊纳里萨米语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhurugariya" title="Bhurugariya – 绍纳语" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Bhurugariya" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="绍纳语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaariya" title="Bulgaariya – 索马里语" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Bulgaariya" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="索马里语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bullgaria" title="Bullgaria – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Bullgaria" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Бугарска – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бугарска" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarikondre" title="Bulgarikondre – 苏里南汤加语" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Bulgarikondre" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="苏里南汤加语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sranantongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBhulgariya" title="IBhulgariya – 斯瓦蒂语" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="IBhulgariya" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="斯瓦蒂语" class="interlanguage-link-target">SiSwati</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – 南索托语" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="南索托语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sesotho</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarien" title="Bulgarien – 沙特菲士蘭文" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Bulgarien" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="沙特菲士蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – 巽他语" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarien" title="Bulgarien – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bulgarien" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bu%C5%82garyjo" title="Bułgaryjo – 西里西亚语" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Bułgaryjo" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="西里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sakizaya</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE" title="பல்காரியா – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பல்காரியா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tayal</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE" title="బల్గేరియా – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="బల్గేరియా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulg%C3%A1ria" title="Bulgária – 德顿语" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Bulgária" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="德顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tetun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D2%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Булғористон – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Булғористон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="ประเทศบัลแกเรีย – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศบัลแกเรีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolgari%C3%BDa" title="Bolgariýa – 土库曼语" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Bolgariýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="土库曼语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarya" title="Bulgarya – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Bulgarya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolgaristan" title="Bolgaristan – 塔里什文" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Bolgaristan" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="塔里什文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tolışi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulukalia" title="Pulukalia – 汤加语" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Pulukalia" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="汤加语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lea faka-Tonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balgeria" title="Balgeria – 托克皮辛语" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Balgeria" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="托克皮辛语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tok Pisin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaristan" title="Bulgaristan – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bulgaristan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – 赛德克语" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="赛德克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seediq</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – 聪加语" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="聪加语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Xitsonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Болгария – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Болгария" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – 通布卡语" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="通布卡语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiTumbuka</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – 契维语" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="契维语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Twi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Болгария – 乌德穆尔特语" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Болгария" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="乌德穆尔特语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%87%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95" title="بۇلغارىيە – 维吾尔语" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="بۇلغارىيە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="维吾尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Болгарія – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Болгарія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%81" title="بلغاریہ – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بلغاریہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolgariya" title="Bolgariya – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Bolgariya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgar%C3%ACa" title="Bulgarìa – 威尼斯语" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Bulgarìa" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolgarii" title="Bolgarii – 维普森语" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Bolgarii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="维普森语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgareye" title="Bulgareye – 西佛蘭德文" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Bulgareye" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="西佛蘭德文" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgar%C3%A4n" title="Bulgarän – 沃拉普克语" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Bulgarän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="沃拉普克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgareye" title="Bulgareye – 瓦隆语" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Bulgareye" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="瓦隆语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaari" title="Bulgaari – 沃洛夫语" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Bulgaari" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="沃洛夫语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Wolof</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="保加利亚 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="保加利亚" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBulgariya" title="IBulgariya – 科萨语" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="IBulgariya" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="科萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiXhosa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="ბულგარეთი – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ბულგარეთი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%92%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A2" title="בולגאריע – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="בולגאריע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B9lg%C3%A1r%C3%AD%C3%A0" title="Bùlgáríà – 约鲁巴语" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Bùlgáríà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="约鲁巴语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – 壮语" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="壮语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulharije" title="Bulharije – 西蘭文" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Bulharije" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="西蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B1%E2%B5%8D%E2%B5%96%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%94%E2%B5%A2%E2%B4%B0" title="ⴱⵍⵖⴰⵔⵢⴰ – 标准摩洛哥塔马塞特语" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴱⵍⵖⴰⵔⵢⴰ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="标准摩洛哥塔马塞特语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" title="保加利亞 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="保加利亞" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" title="保加利亞 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="保加利亞" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBulgariya" title="IBulgariya – 祖鲁语" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IBulgariya" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="祖鲁语" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a 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aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" 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id="mw-content-subtitle">（重定向自<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="保加利亞">保加利亞</a>）</div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><div id="noteTA-2d54afcc" class="noteTA"><div class="noteTA-group"><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="Unit"></div><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="地名"></div><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="People"></div></div><div class="noteTA-local"><div data-noteta-code="zh-hans:酸奶;zh-hk:乳酪;zh-tw:優格;zh-my:优格;"></div></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84055776">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">保加利亞共和國</div><div class="ib-country-names"><div style="font-size:85%;">Република България（<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="保加利亞語">保加利亞語</a>）</div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; padding:0 2px 0 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="保加利亞国旗"><img alt="保加利亞国旗" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/125px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/188px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/250px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></div> <div><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%9B%BD%E6%97%97" title="保加利亚国旗">国旗</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; padding:0 5px 0 2px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="保加利亞国徽"><img alt="保加利亞国徽" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria.svg/85px-Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria.svg/128px-Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria.svg/170px-Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="679" /></a></div> <div><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%9B%BD%E5%BE%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="保加利亚国徽"> 国徽</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="">格言：<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Съединението прави силата（<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="保加利亞語">保加利亞語</a>）</li><li>“<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%98%E7%B5%90%E5%B0%B1%E6%98%AF%E5%8A%9B%E9%87%8F_(%E6%A0%BC%E8%A8%80)" title="團結就是力量 (格言)">團結就是力量</a>”</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem" style="">国歌：<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Мила Родино（<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="保加利亞語">保加利亞語</a>）</li><li>《<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%B2%E7%88%B1%E7%9A%84%E7%88%B6%E6%AF%8D%E9%82%A6" title="亲爱的父母邦">亲爱的父母邦</a>》</li><li><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="121" data-mwtitle="Mila_Rodino_instrumental.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4f/Mila_Rodino_instrumental.ogg/Mila_Rodino_instrumental.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4f/Mila_Rodino_instrumental.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMila_Rodino_instrumental.ogg&lang=bg&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="bg" label="български‪（bg）‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMila_Rodino_instrumental.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English‪（en）‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMila_Rodino_instrumental.ogg&lang=es&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="es" label="español‪（es）‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMila_Rodino_instrumental.ogg&lang=mk&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="mk" label="македонски‪（mk）‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMila_Rodino_instrumental.ogg&lang=pt-br&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pt-BR" label="português do Brasil‪（pt-br）‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMila_Rodino_instrumental.ogg&lang=pt&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pt" label="português‪（pt）‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMila_Rodino_instrumental.ogg&lang=vi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="vi" label="Tiếng Việt‪（vi）‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio><figcaption></figcaption></figure></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/File:EU-Bulgaria.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="保加利亚的位置（深綠色） – 歐洲（綠色及深灰色） – 歐盟（綠色）  —  [圖例放大]"><img alt="保加利亚的位置（深綠色） – 歐洲（綠色及深灰色） – 歐盟（綠色）  —  [圖例放大]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/EU-Bulgaria.svg/250px-EU-Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/EU-Bulgaria.svg/375px-EU-Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/EU-Bulgaria.svg/500px-EU-Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2045" data-file-height="1720" /></a><div class="ib-country-map-caption"><div style="text-align:center;line-height:1.2em;{{{padding}}}"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">保加利亚</a>的位置（深綠色）– <a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="歐洲">歐洲</a>（綠色及深灰色） – <a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E7%9B%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="歐盟">歐盟</a>（綠色）  —  [<a href="/wiki/File:EU-Bulgaria.svg" title="File:EU-Bulgaria.svg">圖例放大</a>]</div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">首都<div class="ib-country-largest">暨最大城市</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A2%E8%8F%B2%E4%BA%9E" title="索菲亞">索菲亞</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">官方语言</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="保加利亞語">保加利亞語</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%98%E6%96%B9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="官方文字">官方文字</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C%E5%B0%94%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="西里尔字母">西里尔字母</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%8F%E7%BE%A4" title="族群">族群</a><div class="ib-country-ethnic">（2011年）</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>84.8% <a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E4%BA%BA" title="保加利亞人">保加利亞人</a></li><li>8.8% <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6%E8%A3%94%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="土耳其裔保加利亞人">土耳其人</a></li><li>4.9% <a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E5%A7%86%E4%BA%BA" title="罗姆人">罗姆人</a></li><li>0.7% 其他</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">宗教<div class="ib-country-religion"></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="white-space;">79% <a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="基督教">基督教</a></li><li style="white-space;">—77% <a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="東正教">東正教</a></li><li style="white-space;">—2% 其他基督教</li><li style="white-space;">5% 無宗教</li><li style="white-space;">10% <a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="伊斯蘭教">伊斯蘭教</a></li><li style="white-space;">6% 其他或未回答</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="保加利亞政治">政府</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%95%E4%B8%80%E5%88%B6" title="单一制">单一制</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="议会民主制">議會民主制</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="共和国">共和国</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="保加利亚总统">总统</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%AF%E9%96%80%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%BE%B7%E5%A4%AB" title="魯門·拉德夫">魯門·拉德夫</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E6%80%BB%E7%90%86" class="mw-redirect" title="保加利亚总理">总理</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BF%AA%E7%B1%B3%E7%89%B9%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E5%88%87%E5%A4%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="迪米特尔·格拉夫切夫（页面不存在）">迪米特尔·格拉夫切夫</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimitar_Glavchev" class="extiw" title="en:Dimitar Glavchev">Dimitar Glavchev</a>）</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">立法机构</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A_(%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A)" title="国民议会 (保加利亚)">国民议会</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="">成立</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="保加利亚第一帝国">第一帝国</a>建立 </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">681年</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="保加利亚第二帝国">第二帝国</a>建立 </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1185年</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 從<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="奧斯曼帝國">奧斯曼</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="保加利亞王國">完全獨立</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1908年10月5日</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 加入<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E7%9B%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="欧盟">欧盟</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">2007年1月1日</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86" title="保加利亞地理">面积</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 总计</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">110,910平方公里（<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E9%9D%A2%E7%A7%AF%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="世界各国和地区面积列表">第103名</a>）</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 水域率</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">2.16<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a>%</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3" title="保加利亞人口">人口</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 2022年估计</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">▼ 6,447,710（<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="各国家和地区人口列表">第106名</a>）</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 密度</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">63/平方公里（<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%AF%86%E5%BA%A6%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="各国家和地区人口密度列表">第120名</a>）</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%A7%E6%80%BB%E5%80%BC" title="国内生产总值">GDP</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%AD%E4%B9%B0%E5%8A%9B%E5%B9%B3%E4%BB%B7" title="购买力平价">PPP</a>）</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">2022年估计</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 总计</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1,953.99億<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%85%83" title="美元">美元</a><a href="#cite_note-imf2-2">[2]</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%9E%E8%B4%A8%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%A7%E6%80%BB%E5%80%BC%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="各国实质国内生产总值列表">第73名</a>）</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 人均</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">28,593美元<a href="#cite_note-imf2-2">[2]</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%9D%87%E5%AE%9E%E8%B4%A8%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%A7%E6%80%BB%E5%80%BC%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="各国人均实质国内生产总值列表">第55名</a>）</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%A7%E6%80%BB%E5%80%BC" title="国内生产总值">GDP</a>（国际汇率）</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">2022年估计</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 总计</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">895.33億美元<a href="#cite_note-imf2-2">[2]</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E5%90%8D%E4%B9%89%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%A7%E6%80%BB%E5%80%BC%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="各国名义国内生产总值列表">第68名</a>）</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 人均</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">13,101美元<a href="#cite_note-imf2-2">[2]</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%9D%87%E5%90%8D%E4%B9%89%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%A7%E6%80%BB%E5%80%BC%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="各国人均名义国内生产总值列表">第61名</a>）</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%B0%BC%E7%B3%BB%E6%95%B0" title="基尼系数">基尼系数</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">▼ 0.4<a href="#cite_note-eurogini-3">[3]</a>（2022年） <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83933911">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style>中 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E6%8C%87%E6%95%B0" title="人类发展指数">人类发展指数</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">▼ 0.795<a href="#cite_note-UNHDR-4">[4]</a>（2021年） <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732967">html:not(.skin-theme-clientpref-night) .mw-parser-output .ifdarkmode>.isdarkmode{display:none}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ifdarkmode>.nodarkmode{display:none}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ifdarkmode>.nodarkmode{display:none}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911">高<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911">高 · <a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8C%87%E6%95%B8%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="各國人類發展指數列表">第68名</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">货币</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E5%88%97%E5%BC%97" title="保加利亞列弗">保加利亞列弗</a>（<a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">BGN</a>）</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">时区</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8F%E8%B0%83%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%97%B6" title="协调世界时">UTC</a>+2（<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E4%B8%9C%E9%83%A8%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4" title="欧洲东部时间">欧洲东部时间</a>）</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E6%97%B6%E5%88%B6" title="夏时制">夏令时</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8F%E8%B0%83%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%97%B6" title="协调世界时">UTC</a>+3（<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E4%B8%9C%E9%83%A8%E5%A4%8F%E4%BB%A4%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4" title="欧洲东部夏令时间">欧洲东部夏令时间</a>）</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E8%B7%AF%E9%80%9A%E8%A1%8C%E6%96%B9%E5%90%91" title="道路通行方向">行驶方位</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">靠右行驶</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">电话区号</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">+359</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166码</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:BG" title="ISO 3166-2:BG">BG</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80%E9%A0%82%E7%B4%9A%E5%9F%9F" title="國家和地區頂級域">互联网顶级域</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/.bg" title=".bg">.bg</a>和<a href="/wiki/.%D0%B1%D0%B3" title=".бг">.бг</a> 歐盟亦使用<a href="/wiki/.eu" title=".eu">.eu</a>和.ею</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><div class="ib-country-website">网站 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.government.bg/">www.government.bg</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219#P856" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table> 保加利亚共和国（<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="保加利亞語">保加利亞語</a>：Република България，<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%8C%96" title="保加利亞語羅馬化">羅馬化</a>：Republika Balgariya，发音：<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r61209503">.mw-parser-output .IPA{font-family:"Charis SIL","Doulos SIL","Linux Libertine","Segoe UI","Lucida Sans Unicode","Code2000","Gentium","Gentium Alternative","TITUS Cyberbit Basic","Arial Unicode MS","IPAPANNEW","Chrysanthi Unicode","GentiumAlt","Bitstream Vera","Bitstream Cyberbit","Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro","Lucida Grande",sans-serif;text-decoration:none!important}.mw-parser-output .IPA a:link,.mw-parser-output .IPA a:visited{text-decoration:none!important}</style><a href="/wiki/Help:%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99" title="Help:保加利亞語國際音標">[rɛˈpublikɐ bɐɫˈɡarijɐ]</a>），通稱保加利亞（<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="保加利亞語">保加利亞語</a>：България，<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%8C%96" title="保加利亞語羅馬化">羅馬化</a>：Balgariya），是一個位於<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2" title="欧洲">欧洲</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%97%E6%AC%A7" title="东南欧">东南部</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B" title="巴尔干半岛">巴尔干半岛</a>上的国家。它与<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="罗马尼亚">罗马尼亚</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A" title="塞尔维亚">塞尔维亚</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%B6%E9%A1%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="北马其顿">北马其顿</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A" title="希腊">希腊</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6" title="土耳其">土耳其</a>接壤，东部滨临<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E6%B5%B7" title="黑海">黑海</a>。<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="历史">历史</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：历史">编辑</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84833064">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="保加利亞歷史">保加利亞歷史</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="保加利亚君主列表">保加利亚君主列表</a></div> 现在的保加利亚北部相当于古代<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%98%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E_(%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E8%A1%8C%E7%9C%81)" title="默西亞 (羅馬行省)">默西亞</a>东部，而保加利亚南部相当于古代<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%B2%E9%9B%B7%E6%96%AF" title="色雷斯">色雷斯</a>北部。保加利亚古代居民为<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%B2%E9%9B%B7%E6%96%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="色雷斯人">色雷斯人</a>。公元1年前后此地成为<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="罗马帝国">罗马帝国</a>的一部分，分属色雷斯省与默西亚省。随后<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%9C%E5%8D%A0%E5%BB%B7%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="拜占廷帝国">拜占廷帝国</a>将其继承。<a href="#cite_note-EBBulgars-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="第一帝国">第一帝国</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：第一帝国">编辑</a>]</div> 斯拉夫入侵後不久，默西亞再次遭到入侵，這次是阿斯帕魯克汗領導下的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%B0%94%E4%BA%BA" title="保加尔人">保加尔人</a>。他們的部落是<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A7%E5%A4%A7%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="旧大保加利亚">舊大保加利亞</a>的殘餘，這是一個已滅絕的部落聯盟，位於黑海以北，現在是烏克蘭和俄羅斯南部。680年，<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%96%AF%E5%B7%B4%E9%B2%81%E8%B5%AB" title="阿斯巴鲁赫">阿斯帕魯克汗</a>擊敗<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%9C%E5%8D%A0%E5%BA%AD%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="拜占庭皇帝">拜占庭皇帝</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E5%A3%AB%E4%B8%81%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="查士丁尼二世">查士丁尼二世</a>，與之立約，正式獲得拜占廷之多瑙河以南、巴爾幹山脈以北地區，建立保加利亞第一帝國。<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-fine-10">[10]</a> 繼任統治者在整個8世紀和9世紀加強了保加利亞人的國家。克魯姆引入了成文法典<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a>，並在普利斯卡戰役中擊退了拜占庭的一次重大入侵，其中拜占庭皇帝尼斯弗魯斯一世被殺<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a>。鮑里斯一世在864年皈依拜占庭承認的保加利亞教會，並採用了在首都普雷斯拉夫開發的西里爾字母<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a>。共同的語言、宗教和文字加強了中央權威，並逐漸將斯拉夫人和保加利亞人融合為一個使用單一斯拉夫語言的統一民族<a href="#cite_note-EB-14">[14]</a>。 沙皇西緬死後，保加利亞因與馬扎爾人和佩切涅格人的戰爭以及博格米勒異端的蔓延而衰弱<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a>。在連續的羅斯和拜占庭入侵之後，普雷斯拉夫於971年被拜占庭軍隊佔領<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a>。帝國從薩繆爾的襲擊中短暫恢復，但這在1014年拜占庭皇帝巴西爾二世在克柳赫擊敗保加利亞軍隊時結束。薩繆爾在戰鬥後不久就去世了<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a>，到1018年拜占庭人已經征服保加利亞第一帝國，征服後，巴西爾二世通過保留當地貴族的統治，將他們融入拜占庭的官僚和貴族，並免除他們的土地以黃金納稅的義務，允許以實物徵稅，從而阻止了叛亂<a href="#cite_note-Ostrog-18">[18]</a>。保加利亞宗主教區被降格為大主教，但保留了它的自治地位和它的教區<a href="#cite_note-Averil-19">[19]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="第二帝国">第二帝国</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：第二帝国">编辑</a>]</div> 巴西爾死後，拜占庭的國內政策發生了變化，爆發了一系列不成功的叛亂，其中最大的叛亂由彼得·德利安領導。在曼齊克特對塞爾柱入侵者的軍事失敗後，帝國的權威下降了，十字軍東征進一步擾亂了帝國的權威。這阻止了拜占庭的希臘化嘗試，並為進一步的叛亂創造了肥沃的土壤。1185年，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%E5%9B%9B%E4%B8%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="彼得四世（页面不存在）">彼得四世</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_II_of_Bulgaria" class="extiw" title="en:Peter II of Bulgaria">Peter_II_of_Bulgaria</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%87%A1%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E6%A3%AE%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="伊凡·阿森一世">伊凡·阿森一世</a>两兄弟率领保加利亚人再次起义，建立了<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="保加利亚第二帝国">保加利亚第二帝国</a>，并迫使拜占廷于1187年承认其独立<a href="#cite_note-EBSecondEmpire-20">[20]</a>。阿森王朝第三位君主卡洛揚將他的統治範圍擴大到貝爾格萊德和奧赫里德。他承認教皇在精神上的至高無上，並從教皇特使那裡獲得了王冠。帝國在伊凡·阿森二世（1218-1241）統治下達到頂峰，當時其邊界擴展到阿爾巴尼亞、塞爾維亞和伊庇魯斯海岸，同時商業和文化蓬勃發展<a href="#cite_note-EB1911-21">[21]</a>。 <a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%87%A1%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E6%A3%AE%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="伊凡·阿森二世">阿森二世</a>死后，国势日衰。1242年，<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="蒙古帝國">蒙古帝國</a>的將領<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%94%E9%83%BD" title="拔都">拔都</a>率領的西征蒙古军入侵了保加利亞。1258年，阿森王朝被推翻。1261年，拜占廷进攻保加利亚，夺取安其亚鲁斯港与迈塞姆布里亚港。1265年，拜占廷皇帝<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%88%E5%85%8B%E5%B0%94%E5%85%AB%E4%B8%96" class="mw-redirect" title="迈克尔八世">迈克尔八世</a>夺取保加利亚<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%89" title="巴尔干山脉">巴尔干山脉</a>以南领土。1277年，蒙古<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B8%B3%E6%B1%97%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="金帳汗國">金帳汗國</a>入侵保加利亞北部，間接導致<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E7%93%A6%E4%BC%8A%E6%B4%9B%E8%B5%B7%E4%B9%89" title="伊瓦伊洛起义">伊瓦伊洛起义</a>爆发，起义声势浩大，国王被杀，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E7%93%A6%E4%BC%8A%E6%B4%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊瓦伊洛（页面不存在）">伊瓦伊洛</a>被拥戴为王，1278年起義軍佔領首都第诺伐。1279年2月，拜占庭军队趁機攻占第诺伐。1280年起义失败，伊瓦伊洛逃亡后被蒙古人所杀。1330年，保加利亚沦为<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A" title="塞尔维亚">塞尔维亚</a>的附属国，此后又分裂为几个小国。<a href="#cite_note-Martin_2017-22">[22]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="鄂圖曼统治">鄂圖曼统治</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：鄂圖曼统治">编辑</a>]</div> 奧斯曼人在1340年代被拜占庭人僱傭為僱傭軍，但後來他們自己成為了入侵者。1362年，蘇丹穆拉德一世從拜占庭手中奪取了阿德里安堡；1382年索非亞陷落，1388年舒門陷落。奧斯曼帝國於1393年完成了對大部分保加利亞土地的征服，最後一個保加利亞人城市索佐波爾於1453年陷落。保加利亞貴族隨後被消滅，農民被奴役，而許多受過教育的神職人員逃往其他國家。<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ottoman_rule-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-Jireček-25">[25]</a> 隨著奧斯曼帝國的勢力開始減弱，哈布斯堡王朝的奧地利和俄羅斯將保加利亞基督徒視為潛在的盟友。奧地利人首先支持了1598年在特爾諾沃的起義，然後是1686年的第二次起義，1688年的奇普羅夫齊起義，最後是1689年的卡爾波什起義。18世紀的西歐啟蒙運動影響了保加利亞民族覺醒的開始。導致了1876年的四月起義。在奧斯曼當局鎮壓叛亂時，多達30,000名保加利亞人被殺。1877年，俄羅斯向奧斯曼人宣戰，並在保加利亞叛軍的幫助下擊敗了他們。<a href="#cite_note-Decline-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="保加利亞王国时期">保加利亞王国时期</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：保加利亞王国时期">编辑</a>]</div> 透过《柏林条约》，保加利亚获得了自治的地位，成立半独立的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="保加利亚王国">保加利亚王国</a><a href="#cite_note-BBCProfile-29">[29]</a>。1885年又推选出了自己的国王，实现了国家统一，在俄国等列强的支持下<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E8%A6%AA%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="保加利亞親王國">保加利亚大公国</a>逐步摆脱奥斯曼统治并于1908年升格为王国<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="第一次巴尔干战争">第一次巴尔干战争</a>爆发后，保加利亚与<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD_(%E8%BF%91%E4%BB%A3)" title="塞尔维亚王国 (近代)">塞尔维亚</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E5%B1%B1%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="黑山王国">黑山</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="希腊王国">希腊</a>四国联手企图瓜分土耳其在欧洲部分的领土。保加利亚希望得到马其顿和爱琴海上的港口（尤其希望是萨洛尼卡），保军推进到伊斯坦布尔城下，但却落后希腊人一步进入萨洛尼卡。由于奥匈帝国与意大利王國不希望塞尔维亚与希腊壮大，联手阻止，搞出了一个独立的阿尔巴尼亚。这使得保加利亚无法与塞尔维亚、希腊履行战前的分配协议，带来了<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="第二次巴尔干战争">第二次巴尔干战争</a>，这次塞尔维亚、希腊倒戈一击，再加上土耳其和罗马尼亚。结果保加利亚不仅失去了不少战利品，还把南<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E5%B8%83%E7%BE%85%E5%8A%A0" title="多布羅加">多布罗加</a>割给了罗马尼亚。<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:09.06.1923_-_meeting_at_Rusev%27s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/09.06.1923_-_meeting_at_Rusev%27s.jpg/220px-09.06.1923_-_meeting_at_Rusev%27s.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/09.06.1923_-_meeting_at_Rusev%27s.jpg/330px-09.06.1923_-_meeting_at_Rusev%27s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/09.06.1923_-_meeting_at_Rusev%27s.jpg/440px-09.06.1923_-_meeting_at_Rusev%27s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="788" /></a><figcaption>1923年的保加利亚政变导致王位的变化</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bulgarian_Macedonians.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Bulgarian_Macedonians.jpg/220px-Bulgarian_Macedonians.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Bulgarian_Macedonians.jpg/330px-Bulgarian_Macedonians.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Bulgarian_Macedonians.jpg/440px-Bulgarian_Macedonians.jpg 2x" data-file-width="481" data-file-height="303" /></a><figcaption>二战<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="南斯拉夫戰役">南斯拉夫戰役</a>后进入北马其顿的保加利亚军队，后面宣传画为<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%9F%E4%B8%80%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%B6%E9%A1%BF" title="统一马其顿">统一马其顿</a>，传统上<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%B6%E9%A1%BF%E4%BA%BA" title="马其顿人">马其顿人</a>被视为保加利亚的一部分</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Bulgaria_during_WWII.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Map_of_Bulgaria_during_WWII.png/220px-Map_of_Bulgaria_during_WWII.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Map_of_Bulgaria_during_WWII.png/330px-Map_of_Bulgaria_during_WWII.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Map_of_Bulgaria_during_WWII.png/440px-Map_of_Bulgaria_during_WWII.png 2x" data-file-width="1301" data-file-height="855" /></a><figcaption>二戰時的保加利亞王國</figcaption></figure> 在<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98" title="第一次世界大战">第一次世界大战</a>中爆发初期，保加利亚就意识到了这是一个报复的好机会，它在1915年加入同盟国集团，迅速和德奥联军一起占领了塞尔维亚，后来又进军罗马尼亚。在德军基本撤出巴尔干防线的情况下，保军成了主力，并且在战争的大部分时间里稳定了这条战线。直到1918年停戰。战败的保加利亚，失去了在<a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E7%90%B4%E6%B5%B7" title="爱琴海">爱琴海</a>的海岸线，军队也被解散。保加利亚在遭受受战争赔款重压下开始动荡。在国王<a href="/wiki/%E9%B2%8D%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96" title="鲍里斯三世">鲍里斯三世</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%95%E5%B0%8D%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E5%88%B6" title="絕對君主制">絕對君主制</a>和威權統治下经历了一个逐步独裁化、政权法西斯化的过程。<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a>1923年一群軍官在鮑里斯的支持下暗殺了首相，1925年索非亞大教堂發生炸彈爆炸案；此後，政府發動白色恐怖，這突顯該國議會政治僅為表象，執政黨在政治中佔據絕對主導地位，政府依靠殘酷鎮壓實現穩定，且持續到大蕭條年代。<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> <a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98" title="第二次世界大战">第二次世界大战</a>初期，<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E7%B2%B9%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B" title="納粹德國">納粹德國</a>和意大利王國的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E4%B9%9F%E7%B4%8D%E4%BB%B2%E8%A3%81%E8%A3%81%E6%B1%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="維也納仲裁裁決">维也纳仲裁</a>让<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="保加利亞王國">保加利亞王國</a>夺回了南多布罗加（1940年9月7日《<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E7%BA%A6%E7%93%A6%E6%9D%A1%E7%BA%A6" title="克拉约瓦条约">克拉约瓦条约</a>》）。由于意大利军队在希腊的失败，加上南斯拉夫親英國，促使德国决定干涉<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B" title="巴尔干半岛">巴尔干半岛</a>，计划佔領南斯拉夫及希臘並必須通過保加利亚。1941年3月1日亲德的首相博格丹·菲洛夫在维也纳代表保加利亚签署了《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%9B%BD%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F%E6%9D%A1%E7%BA%A6" title="三国同盟条约">三国同盟条约</a>》，正式加入了<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%B4%E5%BF%83%E5%9B%BD" title="轴心国">轴心国</a>。在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="南斯拉夫戰役">南斯拉夫戰役</a>中，保军担任德军的侧翼掩护任务，并在战后分得了南斯拉夫马其顿的大部，在<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="希臘戰役">希臘戰役</a>，保加利亞佔領了希腊西色雷斯，但萨洛尼卡卻由德國托管。苏德战争爆发后，保加利亚国王借口保加利亚人对俄国感情深厚，沒有參加對蘇作戰。1943年8月28日，<a href="/wiki/%E9%B2%8D%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96" title="鲍里斯三世">鲍里斯三世</a>猝死，死时49岁。1944年美英苏盟国对保的大空袭开始。早在1941年成立的反法西斯祖国阵线到1944年春天，已经有约18000名游击队员。1944年7月，巴吉安诺夫接任首相，于8月17日宣布保加利亚中立。保加利亚政府在苏联壓力下于1944年8月25日要求境内駐紮的德军离境。1944年9月5日，苏联向保加利亚宣战。9月8日，刚刚就任首相的穆拉维也夫宣布保加利亚对德宣战倒戈盟軍。9月9日，首都发动不流血政变，保加利亞王室被推翻。共产党掌握了司法和内政的控制权。保加利亚皇家陆军接受苏军指挥，参加了对德战争。<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="现代历史">现代历史</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：现代历史">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Todor_Schiwkow_in_der_DDR.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Todor_Schiwkow_in_der_DDR.JPG/220px-Todor_Schiwkow_in_der_DDR.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Todor_Schiwkow_in_der_DDR.JPG/330px-Todor_Schiwkow_in_der_DDR.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Todor_Schiwkow_in_der_DDR.JPG/440px-Todor_Schiwkow_in_der_DDR.JPG 2x" data-file-width="608" data-file-height="566" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E5%A4%AB%E7%A7%91%E5%A4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="日夫科夫">日夫科夫</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E7%BB%9F%E4%B8%80%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%85%9A" title="德国统一社会党">德国统一社会党</a>大会上的讲话</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%88%98" class="mw-redirect" title="二战">二战</a>后，保加利亚留住了重新夺回的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E5%B8%83%E7%BE%85%E5%8A%A0" title="多布羅加">多布罗加</a>南部，并被划入<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94" title="苏联">苏联</a>的势力圈。1946年废除<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E5%88%B6" title="君主制">君主制</a>，成立<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="保加利亞人民共和國">保加利亞人民共和國</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94%E5%9F%BA%C2%B7%E5%AD%A3%E7%B1%B3%E7%89%B9%E6%B4%9B%E5%A4%AB" title="格奥尔基·季米特洛夫">格奥尔基·季米特洛夫</a>成为<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="保加利亚人民共和国">保加利亚人民共和国</a>首任领导人。在喬治·季米特洛夫的領導下，保加利亞成為了一個壓制性的、迅速工業化的斯大林主義國家。保加利亚于1955年成为<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E6%B2%99%E6%9D%A1%E7%BA%A6%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="华沙条约组织">华沙条约组织</a>的一个成员，在托多爾·日夫科夫的領導下，蘇聯式的計劃經濟出現了一些試驗性的市場導向政策。與戰時水平相比，到1980年代，國家GDP增長了五倍，人均GDP增長了四倍。<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> 在1989年民主運動的影響下，共產黨政府於1989年11月10日垮台，国名從<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="保加利亞人民共和國">保加利亞人民共和國</a>改为保加利亚共和国，開始向議會民主制過渡。1990年6月舉行第一次自由選舉，1991年7月通過了一部新憲法，規定相對弱勢的民選總統和總理對立法機關負責。保加利亞於2004年3月29日年成為北約成員國，於2007年1月1日成为<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F" title="欧洲联盟">欧洲联盟</a>的一员。<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="近代政權列表">近代政權列表</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：近代政權列表">编辑</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable" width="100%;" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th>政權 </th> <th>存續日期 </th> <th>政體 </th> <th>國體 </th> <th>國旗 </th> <th>國徽 </th> <th>地圖 </th></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%8B" title="保加利亞大公國">保加利亞大公國</a> </td> <td>1878年－1908年 </td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AE%E4%B8%80%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="單一制">單一制</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%8B" title="大公國">大公國</a> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E5%85%83%E5%88%B6%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E7%AB%8B%E5%AE%AA%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="二元制君主立宪制">二元制君主立憲制</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%8B" title="保加利亞大公國"><img alt="保加利亞大公國" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/150px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/225px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/300px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria_(1881%E2%80%931927).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria_%281881%E2%80%931927%29.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria_%281881%E2%80%931927%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria_%281881%E2%80%931927%29.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria_%281881%E2%80%931927%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria_%281881%E2%80%931927%29.svg/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria_%281881%E2%80%931927%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1124" data-file-height="1320" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Principality_of_Bulgaria_(1890).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Principality_of_Bulgaria_%281890%29.svg/100px-Principality_of_Bulgaria_%281890%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Principality_of_Bulgaria_%281890%29.svg/150px-Principality_of_Bulgaria_%281890%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Principality_of_Bulgaria_%281890%29.svg/200px-Principality_of_Bulgaria_%281890%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="456" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="保加利亞王國">保加利亞王國</a> </td> <td>1908年－1946年 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E7%AB%8B%E6%86%B2%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="君主立憲制">君主立憲制</a> <a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83%E5%88%B6%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E7%AB%8B%E6%86%B2%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="議會制君主立憲制">議會制君主立憲制</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="保加利亞王國"><img alt="保加利亞王國" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/150px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/225px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/300px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria_(1927%E2%80%931946).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria_%281927%E2%80%931946%29.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria_%281927%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria_%281927%E2%80%931946%29.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria_%281927%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria_%281927%E2%80%931946%29.svg/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria_%281927%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="483" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Kingdom_of_Bulgaria_(1942).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Kingdom_of_Bulgaria_%281942%29.svg/100px-Kingdom_of_Bulgaria_%281942%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Kingdom_of_Bulgaria_%281942%29.svg/150px-Kingdom_of_Bulgaria_%281942%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Kingdom_of_Bulgaria_%281942%29.svg/200px-Kingdom_of_Bulgaria_%281942%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="456" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Bulgaria_%281971%E2%80%931990%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bulgaria_%281971%E2%80%931990%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Bulgaria_%281971%E2%80%931990%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Bulgaria_%281971%E2%80%931990%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Bulgaria_%281971%E2%80%931990%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bulgaria_%281971%E2%80%931990%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="保加利亞人民共和國">保加利亞人民共和國</a> </td> <td>1946年－1990年 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6" title="社会主义国家">社會主義共和國</a> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E5%85%9A%E5%88%B6" title="一党制">一黨專政</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="保加利亞人民共和國"><img alt="保加利亞人民共和國" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Bulgaria_%281971%E2%80%931990%29.svg/150px-Flag_of_Bulgaria_%281971%E2%80%931990%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Bulgaria_%281971%E2%80%931990%29.svg/225px-Flag_of_Bulgaria_%281971%E2%80%931990%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Bulgaria_%281971%E2%80%931990%29.svg/300px-Flag_of_Bulgaria_%281971%E2%80%931990%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria_(1971%E2%80%931990).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria_%281971%E2%80%931990%29.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria_%281971%E2%80%931990%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria_%281971%E2%80%931990%29.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria_%281971%E2%80%931990%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria_%281971%E2%80%931990%29.svg/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria_%281971%E2%80%931990%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Bulgaria_1956-1990.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Bulgaria_1956-1990.svg/100px-Bulgaria_1956-1990.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Bulgaria_1956-1990.svg/150px-Bulgaria_1956-1990.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Bulgaria_1956-1990.svg/200px-Bulgaria_1956-1990.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="456" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">保加利亞共和國</a> </td> <td>1990年- </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%88%B6" title="议会共和制">議會共和制</a> <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E7%AB%8B%E6%86%B2%E5%88%B6" title="共和立憲制">共和立憲制</a> <a href="/wiki/%E6%86%B2%E6%94%BF%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="憲政主義">憲政主義</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="保加利亚"><img alt="保加利亚" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/150px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/225px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/300px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria.svg/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="679" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:EU-Bulgaria.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/EU-Bulgaria.svg/100px-EU-Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/EU-Bulgaria.svg/150px-EU-Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/EU-Bulgaria.svg/200px-EU-Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2045" data-file-height="1720" /></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="政治">政治</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：政治">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="保加利亞政治">保加利亞政治</a></div> 保加利亞是<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%88%B6" title="议会共和制">议会共和制</a>國家，總理是政府首腦。虽然總統的權力有限，但可以行使覆議權让<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A" title="议会">议会</a>再次讨论。议会则可通过多数决议议会让该被驳回的法律生效。由240名代表組成的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E9%99%A2%E5%88%B6" title="一院制">一院制</a>國民議會通過直接普選選出，任期四年，拥有立法、批准政府开支预算、计划总统选举、选举或撤除总理、宣战、决定在国外驻军和批准外交协议的权力。<a href="#cite_note-DD-Navi-43">[43]</a> 總體而言，保加利亞顯示出政府不穩定的模式<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a>。2009年至2021年期間，博伊科·鮑里索夫擔任了三屆總理<a href="#cite_note-WP1-45">[45]</a>，當時他的中右翼親歐盟黨GERB贏得了大選，並在國民議會中以117個席位的少數政府身份執政<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a>。他的第一屆政府於2013年2月20日在全國範圍內因公用事業成本高、生活水平低、腐敗和民主制度的失敗而引發抗議後辭職<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a>。隨後在5月舉行的提前選舉導致GERB以微弱優勢獲勝<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a>，但在鮑里索夫未能獲得議會支持後，保加利亞社會黨最終組建了由帕門·奧列沙斯基領導的政府<a href="#cite_note-form-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a>。在持續的大規模抗議活動中，奧列沙斯基政府於2014年7月辭職<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a>。看守政府接管並召集了2014年10月的選舉<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sofia_News_Agency-56">[56]</a>，這導致了GERB的第三次勝利，但共有八個政黨進入議會<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a>。鮑里索夫與幾個右翼政黨組成聯盟<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a>，但在其政黨支持的候選人未能贏得2016年總統大選後再次辭職。<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E5%85%AC%E6%B0%91%E9%BB%A8" title="保加利亞歐洲發展公民黨">GERB</a>再次贏得了2017年3月的提前選舉，但在議會中擁有95個席位<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a>。他們與擁有27個席位的極右翼聯合愛國者聯盟結成了聯盟<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a>。鮑里索夫的上一屆內閣見證了新聞自由的急劇下降，以及一些腐敗事件的揭露，引發了2020年的又一波大規模抗議活動<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a>。GERB在2021年4月的常規選舉中首先出現，但其結果是迄今為止最弱的。所有其他黨派都拒絕組建政府，在短暫的僵局之後，又要求在2021年7月舉行另一次選舉，屆時斯特凡·亞內夫將擔任看守內閣的臨時總理<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a>。在2021年7月的提前選舉中，反精英政黨ITN以24.08%的得票率位居第一，前總理博伊科·鮑里索夫領導的GERB聯盟以23.51%的得票率位居第二<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a>。 自由之家報告稱，2009 年後民主治理持續惡化，理由是媒體獨立性下降、改革停滯不前、最高層濫用職權以及地方政府對中央政府的依賴增加<a href="#cite_note-FH-65">[65]</a>。保加利亞仍被列為“自由”，其政治制度被定為半民主國家，儘管分數不斷下降，民主指數將其定義為“有缺陷的民主”<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="行政区划">行政区划</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：行政区划">编辑</a>]</div> <div role="img" class="floatright nounderlines noresize" style="width: 500px; line-height: 1; text-align: center; background-color: var(--background-color-base,#ffffff); color:inherit; position: relative;"><a href="/wiki/File:Bulgaria_Administrative_Provinces.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92" title="保加利亚行政区划">保加利亚行政区划</a></div> 保加利亞是一個單一制國家<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a>。自1880年代以來，行政區劃的數量從7個變化到26個<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a>。1987年至1999年間，行政結構由九個省組成。在經濟體制下放的同時，採用了新的行政結構。它包括27個省和一個首都特區。所有地區的名字都取自各自的首府。各省細分為265個<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%82%E9%8E%AE_(%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E)" title="市鎮 (保加利亞)">市鎮</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="地理">地理</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：地理">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86" title="保加利亞地理">保加利亞地理</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bulgaria-geographic_map-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Bulgaria-geographic_map-en.svg/250px-Bulgaria-geographic_map-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Bulgaria-geographic_map-en.svg/375px-Bulgaria-geographic_map-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Bulgaria-geographic_map-en.svg/500px-Bulgaria-geographic_map-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2483" data-file-height="1642" /></a><figcaption>保加利亞地形圖</figcaption></figure> 保加利亞位於歐洲東南部、巴爾幹半島東部。北與羅馬尼亞接壤，西與塞爾維亞和北馬其頓、希臘接壤，南臨土耳其，東臨黑海。<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E7%91%99%E6%B2%B3" title="多瑙河">多瑙河</a>是保加利亚与罗马尼亚的界河。其領土面積為110,994平方公里，與五個鄰國的陸地邊界總長1,808公里，海岸線長354公里。巴爾干山脈從西向東橫貫該國中部，将保加利亚分为北部的多瑙河平原和南部的色雷斯低地，西南部是<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E5%A4%9A%E5%BD%BC%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%89" title="罗多彼山脉">罗多彼山脉</a>，其最高峰<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E8%90%A8%E6%8B%89%E5%B3%B0" title="穆萨拉峰">穆萨拉峰</a>高2925米，是保加利亚和巴尔干半岛的最高点。平原約佔領土的三分之一，而高原和丘陵則佔41%。<a href="#cite_note-CIA_World_Factbook-70">[70]</a> 保加利亞地處地中海、大洋和大陸氣團的交匯點，加上山脈的屏障效應，氣候多變。與巴爾干山脈以南的地區相比，保加利亞北部平均氣溫低1°C，降水量多200毫米。不同地區的溫度幅度差異很大。記錄的最低溫度為-38.3°C，而最高溫度為45.2°C。年平均降水量約為630毫米，在山區超過2,500毫米。大陸氣團在冬季帶來大量降雪。<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> 保加利亞超過35%的土地面積被森林覆蓋<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a>。氣候、水文、地質和地形條件的相互作用產生了相對廣泛的植物和動物物種<a href="#cite_note-biodiversity-73">[73]</a>。保加利亞是歐洲生物多樣性最豐富的國家之一<a href="#cite_note-diversity_of_flora_and_fauna-74">[74]</a>，在3個國家公園、11個自然公園、10個生物圈保護區和565個保護區中得到保護<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a>。歐洲233種哺乳動物中有93種在保加利亞發現，還有49%的蝴蝶和30%的維管植物物種<a href="#cite_note-IUCN-77">[77]</a>。大型哺乳動物包括約十萬只鹿、近九萬只野豬、近五萬只狼和三萬多只狐狸，三分之一的築巢鳥類可以在里拉國家公園找到<a href="#cite_note-EB_Bio-78">[78]</a>，植物群包括 3,800 多種維管植物，其中170種是地方性的，150種被認為是瀕危的<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="军事與外交">军事與外交</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：军事與外交">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="保加利亞軍事">保加利亞軍事</a></div> 保加利亚于1955年12月14日被批准加入<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD" title="联合国">联合国</a>，成为联合国成员国<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a>。自1966年以來，保加利亚已三度成為安理會非常任理事國，最近一次是在2002年至2003年期間<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a>。它也是聯合國安全組織的創始國之一。1975年的歐洲合作（歐安組織）。自共產主義垮台以來，歐洲-大西洋一體化一直是優先事項，儘管共產主義領導層也希望在1987年之前退出華沙條約並加入歐洲共同體<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a>。保加利亞於2005年4月25日簽署了《歐盟加入條約》<a href="#cite_note-ec-84">[84]</a>，並於2007年1月1日成為歐盟的正式成員<a href="#cite_note-Ind-85">[85]</a>。此外，它與羅馬尼亞和希臘有三方經濟和外交合作<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a>。 在<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%AF%8C%E6%B1%97%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD_(2001%E5%B9%B4%EF%BC%8D2021%E5%B9%B4)" class="mw-redirect" title="阿富汗戰爭 (2001年－2021年)">阿富汗戰爭</a>期間，保加利亞派遣了6架飛機和200名士兵<a href="#cite_note-CENTCOM-87">[87]</a>。隨著2004年3月加入北約和2006年4月簽署美國-保加利亞國防合作協議，保加利亚國際軍事關係進一步擴大<a href="#cite_note-nato-88">[88]</a>。美國開始和保加利亞軍隊合作使用聯合軍事訓練設施<a href="#cite_note-State-89">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a>。儘管保加利亞積極開展國際防務合作，但仍是全球最和平的國家之一，在國內和國際衝突方面與冰島並列第6位，在全球和平指數中平均排名第26位<a href="#cite_note-GPI-91">[91]</a>。 國防是由陸軍、海軍和空軍組成的全志願保加利亞武裝部隊的責任。陸軍由2個機械化旅和8個獨立團營組成；空軍在六個空軍基地擁有 106 架飛機和防空系統，海軍則擁有各種艦船、直升機和海防武器<a href="#cite_note-AF_plan-92">[92]</a>。現役部隊從1988年的152,000人減少到2017年的31,300人，另外還有3,000名預備役人員和16,000名準軍事人員<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a>。軍事庫存主要包括蘇聯設備、S-300防空系統和SS-21 聖甲蟲短程彈道導彈<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a>。 <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:BAF_MiG-29s_in_flight_Garchev.png" class="mw-file-description" title="保軍米格29"><img alt="保軍米格29" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/BAF_MiG-29s_in_flight_Garchev.png/120px-BAF_MiG-29s_in_flight_Garchev.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/BAF_MiG-29s_in_flight_Garchev.png/180px-BAF_MiG-29s_in_flight_Garchev.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/BAF_MiG-29s_in_flight_Garchev.png/240px-BAF_MiG-29s_in_flight_Garchev.png 2x" data-file-width="1149" data-file-height="760" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">保軍<a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E6%A0%BC29" class="mw-redirect" title="米格29">米格29</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Plasan_SandCat.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="保軍外購的以色列沙貓裝甲車"><img alt="保軍外購的以色列沙貓裝甲車" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Plasan_SandCat.jpg/120px-Plasan_SandCat.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Plasan_SandCat.jpg/180px-Plasan_SandCat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Plasan_SandCat.jpg/240px-Plasan_SandCat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2137" data-file-height="1500" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">保軍外購的以色列<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E8%B2%93%E8%A3%9D%E7%94%B2%E8%BB%8A" title="沙貓裝甲車">沙貓裝甲車</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="经济">经济</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：经济">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="保加利亞經濟">保加利亞經濟</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maritsa_Iztok.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Maritsa_Iztok.jpg/220px-Maritsa_Iztok.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Maritsa_Iztok.jpg/330px-Maritsa_Iztok.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/Maritsa_Iztok.jpg 2x" data-file-width="365" data-file-height="355" /></a><figcaption>煤礦區</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Melnik_12.04.2008_037.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Melnik_12.04.2008_037.jpg/220px-Melnik_12.04.2008_037.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Melnik_12.04.2008_037.jpg/330px-Melnik_12.04.2008_037.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Melnik_12.04.2008_037.jpg/440px-Melnik_12.04.2008_037.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>層式建築</figcaption></figure><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bulgarien2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Bulgarien2.JPG/220px-Bulgarien2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Bulgarien2.JPG/330px-Bulgarien2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Bulgarien2.JPG/440px-Bulgarien2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>迷你型房屋</figcaption></figure> 保加利亞擁有開放的中高收入範圍市場經濟，私營部門佔GDP的70%以上<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a>。1948 年，保加利亞從一個以農村人口為主的農業國家開始，到 1980 年代已轉變為工業經濟體，科學和技術研究是其預算支出的首要任務<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a>。1990年東方市場的喪失以及隨後計劃系統的“休克療法”導致工業和農業生產急劇下降，最終導致1997年經濟崩潰<a href="#cite_note-Economies-100">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a>。經濟在幾年後的快速增長時期基本恢復，但每月 1,036 列瓦（615 美元）的平均工資仍然是歐盟最低的<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a>。超過五分之一的勞動力以每小時1.16美元的最低工資工作<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a>。 2003年實現了平衡預算，第二年該國開始出現盈餘<a href="#cite_note-OECD1-104">[104]</a>。2017年的支出為211.5億美元，收入為216.7億美元<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a>。大多數政府在機構上的支出都專門用於安全。國防部、內政部和司法部在年度政府預算中分配的份額最大，而負責環境、旅遊和能源的部門獲得的資金最少<a href="#cite_note-2018budget-106">[106]</a>。稅收佔政府收入的大部分，佔GDP的30%<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a>。保加利亞的企業所得稅稅率為歐盟最低，為10%<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a>。稅收制度是兩級的。增值稅、消費稅、公司和個人所得稅是全國性的，而房地產稅、遺產稅和車輛稅則由地方當局徵收<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a>。2000 年代初期強勁的經濟表現將政府債務從1998年的79.6%降低到2008年的14.1%。此後，到2016年，它已增加到GDP的28.7%，但仍然是歐盟第三低的<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a>。2019年人均GDP（以PPS計）和生活成本分別為歐盟平均水平的53%和52.8%<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a>。2016年全國PPP國內生產總值估計為1431億美元，人均價值為20,116美元<a href="#cite_note-imf-113">[113]</a>。經濟增長統計數據考慮了來自非正規經濟的非法交易，這是歐盟最大的經濟產出百分比<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a>。保加利亞國家銀行發行本國貨幣保加利亞列弗，以每歐元1.95583保加利亞列弗的匯率與歐元掛鉤<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a>。 經過連續幾年的高速增長，2007-2008年金融危機的影響導致2009年GDP縮水3.6%，失業率上升<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a>。2010年恢復了正增長，但公司間債務超過 590 億美元，這意味著 60% 的保加利亞公司相互負債<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a>。到2012年，它已增加到970億美元，佔GDP的227%<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a>。政府在國際貨幣基金組織和歐盟的鼓勵下實施了嚴格的緊縮措施，以取得一些積極的財政成果，但根據國際工會聯合會的說法，這些措施的社會後果，如收入不平等加劇和加速向外移民，已經是“災難性的”<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a>。保加利亞在腐敗感知指數中排名第71位<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a>，並且是歐盟最嚴重的腐敗水平，這種現象仍然是公眾深刻不滿的根源<a href="#cite_note-cloud-123">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a>。與有組織犯罪一起，腐敗導致該國的申根區申請被拒絕和外國投資撤出<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-reuters_USKBN1F61EQ-127">[127]</a>。政府採購尤其是腐敗風險的關鍵領域<a href="#cite_note-SG1-128">[128]</a>。估計每年有 100億列弗（59.9億美元）的國家預算和歐洲凝聚力資金用於公開招標<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a>；僅2017年就有近140億列弗（83.8億美元）用於公共合同<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a>。在普遍存在的違規行為、違反程序和量身定制的授予標準的情況下，這些合同中有很大一部分授予了少數與政治相關的公司<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a>。儘管歐盟委員會一再批評, 歐盟機構避免對保加利亞採取措施，因為它在許多問題上支持布魯塞爾，這與波蘭或匈牙利不同<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a>。 保加利亞的勞動力為336萬人<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a>，其中6.8%從事農業，26.6%從事工業，66.6%從事服務業<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a>。金屬和礦物的提取、化學品的生產、機械製造、鋼鐵、生物技術、煙草、食品加工和石油精煉是主要的工業活動<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a>。僅採礦業就僱用了24,000人，並產生了該國GDP的約5%；所有採礦相關行業的就業人數為120,000人<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ore_exports-139">[139]</a>。保加利亞是歐洲第五大煤炭生產國。當地的煤、鐵、銅和鉛礦床對製造業和能源部門至關重要<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a>。保加利亞在歐盟以外的主要出口目的地是土耳其、中國和美國，而俄羅斯和土耳其是迄今為止最大的進口夥伴。大部分出口產品是製成品、機械、化學品、燃料產品和食品<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a>。三分之二的食品和農產品出口到經合組織國家<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a>。儘管1990年至2008年間穀物和蔬菜產量下降了40%<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a>，但穀物產量此後有所增加，2016-2017年的穀物產量為十年來最高<a href="#cite_note-UNdata-144">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a>。保加利亞還種植玉米、大麥、燕麥和大米。優質東方煙草是一種重要的經濟作物<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a>。保加利亞也是全球最大的薰衣草和玫瑰油生產國，兩者都廣泛用於香水<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a>。在服務業，旅遊業是經濟增長的重要貢獻者。索非亞、普羅夫迪夫、大特爾諾沃、沿海度假勝地阿爾貝納、金沙和陽光海灘以及冬季度假勝地班斯科、潘波羅沃和波羅維茨是遊客訪問量最大的一些地點<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a>。大多數遊客是羅馬尼亞人、土耳其人、希臘人和德國人<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="交通">交通</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：交通">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A" title="保加利亞交通">保加利亞交通</a></div> 全國公路網總長19,512公里，其中19,235公里已鋪設瀝青。鐵路是一種主要的貨運方式，儘管公路承擔的貨運份額越來越大。保加利亞擁有6,238公里的鐵路軌道，有通往羅馬尼亞、土耳其、希臘和塞爾維亞的鐵路線，還有直達基輔、明斯克、莫斯科和聖彼得堡的特快列車。索非亞和普羅夫迪夫是該國的航空旅行樞紐，而瓦爾納和布爾加斯是主要的海上貿易港口。<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="人口">人口</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：人口">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3" title="保加利亞人口">保加利亞人口</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Karandila.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Karandila.jpg/250px-Karandila.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Karandila.jpg/375px-Karandila.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Karandila.jpg/500px-Karandila.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1440" /></a><figcaption>鸟瞰保加利亚中部城市斯利文</figcaption></figure> 根据2021年的全国人口普查，保加利亚的人口暴跌至只有650万人，約72.5%人口居住在城市地區。<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENSI_Census_data20113-155">[155]</a> 截至2019年 (2019-Missing required parameter 1=month!)<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&action=edit">[update]</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="保加利亚人">保加利亚族</a>为主要民族，占总人口的84.8%。少数民族当中，<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6%E8%A3%94%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="土耳其裔保加利亞人">土耳其族</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E5%A7%86%E4%BA%BA" title="罗姆人">罗姆人</a>分别占8.8%和4.9%；大约40个较小的少数民族共占0.7%，另有0.8%不认同自己属于某个族群。<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENSI_Census_data20114-156">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> 2018年，保加利亞的平均總生育率（TFR）為每名婦女1.56個孩子<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a>，低於2.1的更替率也達到人口暴跌警戒線範圍內，更遠低於1905年每名婦女5.83個孩子的歷史最高水平<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a>。隨著年青人多已移民到西歐和美國工作生活，加上生育率長期處於極低水平，保加利亞因此擁有世界上最老齡化的人口，平均年齡為43歲<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a>。 保加利亞正處於人口不足危機狀態，並與<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%AD%AF%E5%90%89%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="格魯吉亞">格魯吉亞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%84%AB%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E" title="拉脫維亞">拉脫維亞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="烏克蘭">烏克蘭</a>等多個東歐前共產國家一併成為近年全球人口跌幅最大的國家，保加利亞現時總人口較1990年代減少了接近30%<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-BNR_crisis-162">[162]</a>。自1990年代初以來，它的人口出現負增長，當時正值經濟崩潰導致的長期的移民潮<a href="#cite_note-DW_Entry-163">[163]</a>。到2005年，約有937,000至1,200,000人（主要是年輕人）離開了該國<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a>。大多數孩子都是未婚婦女所生<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a>。此外，三分之一的家庭只有一個人，即使是二人三人家庭也是共產時期或民主化政策實施初期誕下居多，75.5%的家庭沒有16歲以下的孩子<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="主要城市">主要城市</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：主要城市">编辑</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84339893">.mw-parser-output .largestCities-table-background{background:#f9f9f9;color:#222}.mw-parser-output .largestCities-cell-background{background:#f0f0f0;color:#222}</style> <div> <table style="font-size:88%;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 100%; border: 1px solid darkgray;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="10" style="padding:0.3em 0.75em;"><div style="float:right; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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title="Special:编辑页面/Template:保加利亚城市列表"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div> <div style="height:2.6em;line-height:1.3em;">保加利亚最大城市排名 <div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal;">2021年統計<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a></div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="保加利亚城市列表">排名</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="保加利亚城市列表">名称</a> </th> <th>州 </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="保加利亚城市列表"> 人口</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="保加利亚城市列表">排名</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="保加利亚城市列表">名称</a> </th> <th>州 </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="保加利亚城市列表"> 人口</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">1</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A2%E8%8F%B2%E4%BA%9E" title="索菲亞">索菲亞</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A2%E8%8F%B2%E4%BA%9E%E5%B8%82%E5%B7%9E" title="索菲亞市州">索菲亞市州</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,190,256</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">11</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%A9%E5%B0%94%E5%B0%BC%E5%85%8B" title="佩尔尼克">佩爾尼克</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%A9%E7%88%BE%E5%B0%BC%E5%85%8B%E5%B7%9E" title="佩爾尼克州">佩爾尼克州</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">66,991 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">2</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E7%BE%85%E5%A4%AB%E8%BF%AA%E5%A4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="普羅夫迪夫">普羅夫迪夫</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E7%BE%85%E5%A4%AB%E8%BF%AA%E5%A4%AB%E5%B7%9E" title="普羅夫迪夫州">普羅夫迪夫州</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">321,824</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">12</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%E6%B2%83" title="哈斯科沃">哈斯科沃</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%E6%B2%83%E5%B7%9E" title="哈斯科沃州">哈斯科沃州</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">64,564 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">3</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E7%88%BE%E7%B4%8D" title="瓦爾納">瓦爾納</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E7%88%BE%E7%B4%8D%E5%B7%9E" title="瓦爾納州">瓦爾納州</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">311,093</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">13</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E6%88%88%E8%80%B6%E5%A4%AB%E6%A0%BC%E5%8B%92" title="布拉戈耶夫格勒">布拉戈耶夫格勒</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E6%88%88%E8%80%B6%E5%A4%AB%E6%A0%BC%E5%8B%92%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="布拉戈耶夫格勒州">布拉戈耶夫格勒州</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">62,810 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">4</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E7%88%BE%E5%8A%A0%E6%96%AF" title="布爾加斯">布爾加斯</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E7%88%BE%E5%8A%A0%E6%96%AF%E5%B7%9E" title="布爾加斯州">布爾加斯州</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">188,242</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">14</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8F%9A%E5%8D%9A%E7%88%BE" title="揚博爾">揚博爾</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8F%9A%E5%8D%9A%E7%88%BE%E5%B7%9E" title="揚博爾州">揚博爾州</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">60,641 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">5</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%AF%E5%A1%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="魯塞">魯塞</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%AF%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E" title="魯塞州">魯塞州</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">123,134</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">15</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E7%89%B9%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%BA%E6%B2%83" title="大特尔诺沃">大特尔诺沃</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E7%89%B9%E7%88%BE%E8%AB%BE%E6%B2%83%E5%B7%9E" title="大特爾諾沃州">大特尔诺沃州</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">59,166 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">6</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%8A%E6%89%8E%E6%88%88%E6%8B%89" title="舊扎戈拉">舊扎戈拉</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%8A%E6%89%8E%E6%88%88%E6%8B%89%E5%B7%9E" title="舊扎戈拉州">舊扎戈拉州</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">121,582</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">16</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E6%89%8E%E7%88%BE%E5%90%89%E5%85%8B" title="帕扎爾吉克">帕扎爾吉克</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E6%89%8E%E7%88%BE%E5%90%89%E5%85%8B%E5%B7%9E" title="帕扎爾吉克州">帕扎爾吉克州</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">55,220 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">7</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E5%88%97%E6%96%87" title="普列文">普列文</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E5%88%97%E6%96%87%E5%B7%9E" title="普列文州">普列文州</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">90,209</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">17</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%8B%89%E5%AF%9F" title="弗拉察">弗拉察</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%8B%89%E5%AF%9F%E5%B7%9E" title="弗拉察州">弗拉察州</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">49,569 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">8</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%88%A9%E6%96%87" title="斯利文">斯利文</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%88%A9%E6%96%87%E5%B7%9E" title="斯利文州">斯利文州</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">79,362</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">18</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A1%9E%E8%AB%BE%E5%A4%AB%E6%A0%BC%E5%8B%92" title="阿塞諾夫格勒">阿塞諾夫格勒</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E7%BE%85%E5%A4%AB%E8%BF%AA%E5%A4%AB%E5%B7%9E" title="普羅夫迪夫州">普羅夫迪夫州</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">45,474 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">9</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E5%B8%83%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%87" title="多布里奇">多布里奇</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E5%B8%83%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%87%E5%B7%9E" title="多布里奇州">多布里奇州</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">71,947</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">19</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%B8%83%E7%BE%85%E6%B2%83" title="加布羅沃">加布羅沃</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%B8%83%E7%BE%85%E6%B2%83%E5%B7%9E" title="加布羅沃州">加布羅沃州</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">44,786 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">10</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%92%E9%96%80" title="舒門">舒門</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%92%E9%96%80%E5%B7%9E" title="舒門州">舒門州</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">67,300</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">20</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E8%B4%8A%E5%8B%92%E5%85%8B" title="卡贊勒克">卡贊勒克</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%8A%E6%89%8E%E6%88%88%E6%8B%89%E5%B7%9E" title="舊扎戈拉州">舊扎戈拉州</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">41,768 </td></tr> </tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="文化">文化</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：文化">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="保加利亞文化">保加利亞文化</a></div> 保加利亞民間傳說的一個基本元素是火，用來驅除邪靈和疾病，一些對抗邪靈的儀式倖存下來，並且仍在實行<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a>皮林國家公園、斯雷伯納自然保護區、馬達拉騎士、斯韋什塔里和卡贊勒克的色雷斯墓葬、里拉修道院、博亞納教堂、伊万諾沃岩石教堂和古城內塞伯爾被聯合國教科文組織列為世界遺產<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a>。里拉修道院由保加利亞的守護神里拉的聖約翰建立，自中世紀以來，他的生活一直是眾多文學作品的主題<a href="#cite_note-EBLiterature-171">[171]</a>。 10世紀普雷斯拉夫和奧赫里德文學學校的建立與中世紀保加利亞文學的黃金時期有關。學校對基督教經文的重視使保加利亞帝國成為斯拉夫文化的中心，使斯拉夫人受到基督教的影響，並為他們提供了書面語言<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a>。它的字母，西里爾字母，是由普雷斯拉夫文學學校開發的<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a>。許多文學和藝術傑作被奧斯曼征服者摧毀，藝術活動直到19世紀的民族復興時期才重新出現<a href="#cite_note-Cultural_life-176">[176]</a>。宗教視覺藝術遺產包括壁畫、壁畫和圖標，其中許多是由中世紀的塔爾諾沃藝術學校製作的<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a>。民間音樂是迄今為止最廣泛的傳統藝術，並隨著遠東、東方、中世紀東正教和標準西歐音調和模式的融合而緩慢發展<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a>。國家電視台女聲合唱團在1990年因其演奏保加利亞民間音樂而獲得格萊美獎<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a>。 保加利亞國家廣播電台是最大的國家媒體機構<a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a>。保加利亞媒體在2000年代初的報導中被描述為普遍公正，印刷媒體沒有法律限制。但很快新聞自由已經惡化到保加利亞在世界新聞自由指數中的全球排名第 111 位，低於所有歐盟成員國和候選成員國<a href="#cite_note-RSF-181">[181]</a><a href="#cite_note-guardian1-182">[182]</a>。 保加利亞菜與其他巴爾幹國家的菜相似，並表現出強烈的土耳其和希臘影響。考慮到對多種沙拉的文化偏好，肉類消費量低於歐洲平均水平<a href="#cite_note-Cuisine-183">[183]</a>。直到1989年，保加利亞一直是世界第二大葡萄酒出口國，但此後失去了這一地位<a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a><a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a>。2016年生產了1.28億升葡萄酒，其中6200萬升主要出口到羅馬尼亞、波蘭和俄羅斯<a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="體育運動">體育運動</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：體育運動">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E9%AB%94%E8%82%B2" title="保加利亞體育">保加利亞體育</a></div> 保加利亞出現在 1896 年的第一屆現代奧運會上，當時它由體操運動員查爾斯·尚波代表<a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a>。此後，保加利亞運動員共獲得55枚金牌、90枚銀牌和85枚銅牌，在歷史獎牌榜上排名第25位<a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a>。舉重是保加利亞的標誌性運動，自1980年代以來培養了許多保加利亞世界和奧運會舉重冠軍<a href="#cite_note-Sport-189">[189]</a>。 足球是該國最受歡迎的運動。保加利亞國家隊的最佳表現是半決賽在1994年世界杯，斯托伊奇科夫是保加利亞有史以來最成功的球員；在 1990 年代為巴塞羅那足球俱樂部效力期間，他獲得了金靴獎和金球獎，並被認為是世界上最好的球員之一<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a><a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a>。盧多戈雷茨在僅僅九年的時間裡就從當地的第四分區晉級到了2014-15年歐洲冠軍聯賽小組賽階段<a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a>。2018年排名第39位，是保加利亞在歐足聯中排名最高的俱樂部<a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a>。 <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Bulgarian_Folklore_Dance.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="保加利亚民俗舞"><img alt="保加利亚民俗舞" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Bulgarian_Folklore_Dance.JPG/120px-Bulgarian_Folklore_Dance.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Bulgarian_Folklore_Dance.JPG/180px-Bulgarian_Folklore_Dance.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Bulgarian_Folklore_Dance.JPG/240px-Bulgarian_Folklore_Dance.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">保加利亚民俗舞</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Lazarki_from_Gabra.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="身着保加利亚民族服装的少女"><img alt="身着保加利亚民族服装的少女" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Lazarki_from_Gabra.jpg/120px-Lazarki_from_Gabra.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Lazarki_from_Gabra.jpg/180px-Lazarki_from_Gabra.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Lazarki_from_Gabra.jpg/240px-Lazarki_from_Gabra.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1067" data-file-height="800" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">身着保加利亚民族服装的少女</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Bg-easter-eggs.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="保加利亚传统复活节彩蛋"><img alt="保加利亚传统复活节彩蛋" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Bg-easter-eggs.jpg/120px-Bg-easter-eggs.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Bg-easter-eggs.jpg/180px-Bg-easter-eggs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Bg-easter-eggs.jpg/240px-Bg-easter-eggs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="2048" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">保加利亚传统<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8D%E6%B4%BB%E8%8A%82%E5%BD%A9%E8%9B%8B" title="复活节彩蛋">复活节彩蛋</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="飲食">飲食</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节：飲食">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E9%A3%B2%E9%A3%9F" title="保加利亞飲食">保加利亞飲食</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="节假日">节假日</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&action=edit&section=19" title="编辑章节：节假日">编辑</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable" style="float:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#efefef;">日期 </th> <th style="background:#efefef;">中文名称 </th> <th style="background:#efefef;">当地名称 </th> <th style="background:#efefef;">说明 </th></tr> <tr> <td>1月1日 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E6%97%A6" title="元旦">元旦</a> </td> <td>Нова година</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3月3日 </td> <td>保加利亚解放日 </td> <td>Ден на Освобождението на България от османско иго </td> <td>纪念1878年<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E5%87%A1%E8%AF%BA%E6%9D%A1%E7%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="圣斯特凡诺条约">圣斯特凡诺条约</a>的签署 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8D%E6%B4%BB%E8%8A%82" class="mw-redirect" title="复活节">复活节</a> </td> <td>Великден </td> <td>具体日期不固定 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5月1日 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E4%B8%80%E5%8A%B3%E5%8A%A8%E8%8A%82" class="mw-redirect" title="五一劳动节">五一劳动节</a> </td> <td>Ден на труда</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5月6日 </td> <td>保加利亚军队日 </td> <td>Гергьовден, Ден на храбростта и Българската армия</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5月24日 </td> <td>保加利亚启蒙、文化和斯拉夫文学日 </td> <td>Ден на българската просвета и култура и на славянската писменост</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>9月6日 </td> <td>保加利亚统一日 </td> <td>Ден на Съединението на България </td> <td>纪念1885年与东<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A2%E9%BA%A6%E8%BF%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卢麦连（页面不存在）">卢麦连</a>的统一 </td></tr> <tr> <td>9月22日 </td> <td>保加利亚独立日 </td> <td>Ден на Независимостта на България </td> <td>1908年独立 </td></tr> <tr> <td>11月1日 </td> <td>民族复苏日 </td> <td>Ден на народните будители - неприсъствен за всички учебни заведения</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>12月24日 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E8%AF%9E%E5%A4%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="圣诞夜">圣诞夜</a> </td> <td>Бъдни вечер</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>12月25、26日 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E8%AF%9E%E8%8A%82" title="圣诞节">圣诞节</a> </td> <td>Коледа, Рождество Христово</td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考文獻">參考文獻</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&action=edit&section=20" title="编辑章节：參考文獻">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2147.html#bu">Field listing: Area</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" class="mw-redirect" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a>. <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" 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Zlatarski - Istorija 1A - b1 - 1 <bdi lang="bg">История на Първото българско Царство. I. Епоха на хуно–българското надмощие (679–852)</bdi> [History of the First Bulgarian Empire. Period of Hunnic-Bulgarian domination (679–852)]</a>. Marin Drinov Publishing House. 1938: 188 [2012-05-23]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-9544302986" title="Special:网络书源/978-9544302986">ISBN 978-9544302986</a>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://macedonia.kroraina.com/vz1a/vz1a_b1_1.html">原始内容</a>存档于2022-05-12） （保加利亚语）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&rft.aufirst=Vasil&rft.aulast=Zlatarski&rft.btitle=V.+Zlatarski+-+Istorija+1A+-+b1+-+1+%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%9F%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE+%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE+%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE.+I.+%D0%95%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D1%85%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BE%E2%80%93%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%B5+%28679%E2%80%93852%29&rft.date=1938&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-9544302986&rft.pages=188&rft.pub=Marin+Drinov+Publishing+House&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmacedonia.kroraina.com%2Fvz1a%2Fvz1a_b1_1.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-fine-10"><a href="#cite_ref-fine_10-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Fine, John V.A.; Fine, John Van Antwerp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210206003631/https://books.google.com/books?id=Y0NBxG9Id58C">The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century</a>. University of Michigan Press. 1991: 68–70 [2022-01-21]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0472081493" title="Special:网络书源/978-0472081493">ISBN 978-0472081493</a>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Y0NBxG9Id58C&pg=PR4">原始内容</a>存档于2021-02-06）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&rft.au=Fine%2C+John+Van+Antwerp&rft.aufirst=John+V.A.&rft.aulast=Fine&rft.btitle=The+Early+Medieval+Balkans%3A+A+Critical+Survey+from+the+Sixth+to+the+Late+Twelfth+Century&rft.date=1991&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0472081493&rft.pages=68-70&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DY0NBxG9Id58C%26pg%3DPR4&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Vlasto, Alexis P. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fpVOAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA157">The Entry of the Slavs Into Christendom: An Introduction to the Medieval History of the Slavs</a>. Cambridge University Press. 1970: 157 [2022-01-21]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0521074599" title="Special:网络书源/978-0521074599">ISBN 978-0521074599</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230115221956/https://books.google.com/books?id=fpVOAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA157">存档</a>于2023-01-15）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&rft.aufirst=Alexis+P.&rft.aulast=Vlasto&rft.btitle=The+Entry+of+the+Slavs+Into+Christendom%3A+An+Introduction+to+the+Medieval+History+of+the+Slavs&rft.date=1970&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0521074599&rft.pages=157&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfpVOAAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA157&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <cite class="citation encyclopaedia"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220512222652/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Krum">Krum</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica. [2018-07-28]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Krum">原始内容</a>存档于2022-05-12）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&rft.atitle=Krum&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.genre=bookitem&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FKrum&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Bell, John D. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150724173142/http://www.britannica.com/place/Bulgaria/The-first-Bulgarian-empire#ref42725">The Spread of Christianity</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica. [2018-07-28]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Bulgaria/The-first-Bulgarian-empire#ref42725">原始内容</a>存档于2015-07-24）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&rft.atitle=The+Spread+of+Christianity&rft.aufirst=John+D.&rft.aulast=Bell&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.genre=bookitem&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FBulgaria%2FThe-first-Bulgarian-empire%23ref42725&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-EB-14"><a href="#cite_ref-EB_14-0">^</a> <cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Bell, John D. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150724173142/http://www.britannica.com/place/Bulgaria/The-first-Bulgarian-empire#ref42726">Reign of Simeon I</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica. [2018-07-28]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Bulgaria/The-first-Bulgarian-empire#ref42726">原始内容</a>存档于2015-07-24）. <q>Bulgaria's conversion had a political dimension, for it contributed both to the growth of central authority and to the merging of Bulgars and Slavs into a unified Bulgarian people.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&rft.atitle=Reign+of+Simeon+I&rft.aufirst=John+D.&rft.aulast=Bell&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.genre=bookitem&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FBulgaria%2FThe-first-Bulgarian-empire%23ref42726&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Browning, Robert. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/byzantiumbulgari0000brow/page/194">Byzantium and Bulgaria</a>. Temple Smith. 1975: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/byzantiumbulgari0000brow/page/194">194–195</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0520026704" title="Special:网络书源/978-0520026704">ISBN 978-0520026704</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.aulast=Browning&rft.btitle=Byzantium+and+Bulgaria&rft.date=1975&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0520026704&rft.pages=194-195&rft.pub=Temple+Smith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbyzantiumbulgari0000brow%2Fpage%2F194&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <cite class="citation encyclopaedia"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080129220046/http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9065243/Samuel">Samuel</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica. [2012-01-20]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Samuel-tsar-of-western-Bulgaria">原始内容</a>存档于2008-01-29）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&rft.atitle=Samuel&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.genre=bookitem&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FSamuel-tsar-of-western-Bulgaria&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Scylitzae, Ioannis. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ioannisscylitzae00thur">Synopsis Historiarum</a>. Corpus Fontium Byzantiae Historiae (De Gruyter). 1973: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ioannisscylitzae00thur/page/n521">457</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-3-11-002285-8" title="Special:网络书源/978-3-11-002285-8">ISBN 978-3-11-002285-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&rft.aufirst=Ioannis&rft.aulast=Scylitzae&rft.btitle=Synopsis+Historiarum&rft.date=1973&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-3-11-002285-8&rft.pages=457&rft.pub=De+Gruyter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fioannisscylitzae00thur&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Ostrog-18"><a href="#cite_ref-Ostrog_18-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Ostrogorsky, Georgije. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofbyzanti00ostr/page/311">History of the Byzantine State</a>. Rutgers University Press. 1969: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofbyzanti00ostr/page/311">311</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0813511986" title="Special:网络书源/978-0813511986">ISBN 978-0813511986</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&rft.aufirst=Georgije&rft.aulast=Ostrogorsky&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Byzantine+State&rft.date=1969&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0813511986&rft.pages=311&rft.pub=Rutgers+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofbyzanti00ostr%2Fpage%2F311&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Averil-19"><a href="#cite_ref-Averil_19-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Cameron, Averil. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/byzantinesthepeo00came">The Byzantines</a><img alt="有限度免费查阅，超限则需付费订阅" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. Blackwell Publishing. 2006: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/byzantinesthepeo00came/page/n186">170</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-4051-9833-2" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-4051-9833-2">ISBN 978-1-4051-9833-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&rft.aufirst=Averil&rft.aulast=Cameron&rft.btitle=The+Byzantines&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-4051-9833-2&rft.pages=170&rft.pub=Blackwell+Publishing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbyzantinesthepeo00came&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-EBSecondEmpire-20"><a href="#cite_ref-EBSecondEmpire_20-0">^</a> <cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Bell, John D. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220512223818/https://www.britannica.com/place/Bulgaria/The-second-Bulgarian-empire">Bulgaria – Second Bulgarian Empire</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica. [2018-07-27]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Bulgaria/The-second-Bulgarian-empire">原始内容</a>存档于2022-05-12）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&rft.atitle=Bulgaria+%E2%80%93+Second+Bulgarian+Empire&rft.aufirst=John+D.&rft.aulast=Bell&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.genre=bookitem&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FBulgaria%2FThe-second-Bulgarian-empire&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-EB1911-21"><a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_21-0">^</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /> <cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Bourchier, James. <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Bulgaria/History" class="extiw" title="wikisource:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Bulgaria/History">History of Bulgaria</a>. Chisholm, Hugh (编). <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%8B%B1%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6" title="大英百科全书">Encyclopædia Britannica</a> 4 (第11版). London: <a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%8D%E6%A9%8B%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" title="劍橋大學出版社">Cambridge University Press</a>: 779–784. 1911.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&rft.atitle=History+of+Bulgaria&rft.aufirst=James&rft.aulast=Bourchier&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.date=1911&rft.edition=%28%E7%AC%AC11%E7%89%88%29&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.pages=779-784&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Martin_2017-22"><a href="#cite_ref-Martin_2017_22-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Martin, Michael. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gN8lDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA344">City of the Sun: Development and Popular Resistance in the Pre-Modern West</a>. Algora Publishing. 2017: 344 [2022-01-21]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1628942798" title="Special:网络书源/978-1628942798">ISBN 978-1628942798</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230115221956/https://books.google.com/books?id=gN8lDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA344">存档</a>于2023-01-15）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.btitle=City+of+the+Sun%3A+Development+and+Popular+Resistance+in+the+Pre-Modern+West&rft.date=2017&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1628942798&rft.pages=344&rft.pub=Algora+Publishing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgN8lDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA344&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Guineva, Maria. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220318173915/https://www.novinite.com/articles/132804/">Old Town Sozopol – Bulgaria's 'Rescued' Miracle and Its Modern Day Saviors</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Novinite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Novinite（页面不存在）">Novinite</a>. 2011-10-10 [2018-11-16]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.novinite.com/articles/132804/">原始内容</a>存档于2022-03-18）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&rft.aufirst=Maria&rft.aulast=Guineva&rft.btitle=Old+Town+Sozopol+%E2%80%93+Bulgaria%27s+%27Rescued%27+Miracle+and+Its+Modern+Day+Saviors&rft.date=2011-10-10&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Novinite&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.novinite.com%2Farticles%2F132804%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Ottoman_rule-24"><a href="#cite_ref-Ottoman_rule_24-0">^</a> <cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Bell, John D. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220512223818/https://www.britannica.com/place/Bulgaria/The-second-Bulgarian-empire#ref42728">Bulgaria – Ottoman rule</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica. [2011-12-21]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Bulgaria/The-second-Bulgarian-empire#ref42728">原始内容</a>存档于2022-05-12）. <q>The Bulgarian nobility was destroyed—its members either perished, fled, or accepted Islam and Turkicization—and the peasantry was enserfed to Turkish masters.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&rft.atitle=Bulgaria+%E2%80%93+Ottoman+rule&rft.aufirst=John+D.&rft.aulast=Bell&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.genre=bookitem&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FBulgaria%2FThe-second-Bulgarian-empire%23ref42728&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Jireček-25"><a href="#cite_ref-Jireček_25-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konstantin_Josef_Jire%C4%8Dek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konstantin Josef Jireček（页面不存在）">Jireček, K.J.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VBhThVLpc4MC&pg=PA88">Geschichte der Bulgaren [History of the Bulgarians]</a>. Nachdr. d. Ausg. Prag. 1876: 88 [2022-01-21]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-3487064086" title="Special:网络书源/978-3487064086">ISBN 978-3487064086</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230115221956/https://books.google.com/books?id=VBhThVLpc4MC&pg=PA88">存档</a>于2023-01-15） （德语）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&rft.aufirst=K.J.&rft.aulast=Jire%C4%8Dek&rft.btitle=Geschichte+der+Bulgaren&rft.date=1876&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-3487064086&rft.pages=88&rft.pub=Nachdr.+d.+Ausg.+Prag&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVBhThVLpc4MC%26pg%3DPA88&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Decline-26"><a href="#cite_ref-Decline_26-0">^</a> <cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Bell, John D. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220512223818/https://www.britannica.com/place/Bulgaria/The-second-Bulgarian-empire#ref42731">Bulgaria – Ottoman administration</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica. [2012-10-20]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Bulgaria/The-second-Bulgarian-empire#ref42731">原始内容</a>存档于2022-05-12）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&rft.atitle=Bulgaria+%E2%80%93+Ottoman+administration&rft.aufirst=John+D.&rft.aulast=Bell&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.genre=bookitem&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FBulgaria%2FThe-second-Bulgarian-empire%23ref42731&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120616084709/http://www.novinite.com/view_news.php?id=125840">Reminiscence from Days of Liberation*</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Novinite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Novinite（页面不存在）">Novinite</a>. 2011-03-03 [2011-12-20]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://novinite.com/view_news.php?id=125840">原始内容</a>存档于2012-06-16）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&rft.btitle=Reminiscence+from+Days+of+Liberation%2A&rft.date=2011-03-03&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Novinite&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnovinite.com%2Fview_news.php%3Fid%3D125840&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <cite class="citation encyclopaedia"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220510021603/https://www.britannica.com/place/Shipka-Pass">Shipka Pass</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica. [2018-08-18]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Shipka-Pass">原始内容</a>存档于2022-05-10）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&rft.atitle=Shipka+Pass&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.genre=bookitem&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FShipka-Pass&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-BBCProfile-29"><a href="#cite_ref-BBCProfile_29-0">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150307084019/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/country_profiles/1061402.stm">Timeline: Bulgaria – A chronology of key events</a>. BBC News. 2010-05-06 [2011-12-20]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/country_profiles/1061402.stm">原始内容</a>存档于2015-03-07）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&rft.atitle=Timeline%3A+Bulgaria+%E2%80%93+A+chronology+of+key+events&rft.date=2010-05-06&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Feurope%2Fcountry_profiles%2F1061402.stm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Pinon, Rene. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xL9DAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA411">L'Europe et la Jeune Turquie: Les Aspects Nouveaux de la Question d'Orient [Europe and Young Turkey: The new aspects of the Eastern Question]</a>. Perrin et cie. 1913: 411 [2022-01-21]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-144-41381-9" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-144-41381-9">ISBN 978-1-144-41381-9</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230115222516/https://books.google.com/books?id=xL9DAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA411">存档</a>于2023-01-15） （法语）. <q>On a dit souvent de la Bulgarie qu'elle est la Prusse des Balkans</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&rft.aufirst=Rene&rft.aulast=Pinon&rft.btitle=L%27Europe+et+la+Jeune+Turquie%3A+Les+Aspects+Nouveaux+de+la+Question+d%27Orient&rft.date=1913&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-144-41381-9&rft.pages=411&rft.pub=Perrin+et+cie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxL9DAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA411&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Tucker, Spencer C; Wood, Laura. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EHI3PCjDtsUC&pg=PA173">The European Powers in the First World War: An Encyclopedia</a>. Taylor & Francis. 1996: 173 [2022-01-21]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0815303992" title="Special:网络书源/978-0815303992">ISBN 978-0815303992</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230115222516/https://books.google.com/books?id=EHI3PCjDtsUC&pg=PA173">存档</a>于2023-01-15）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&rft.au=Wood%2C+Laura&rft.aufirst=Spencer+C&rft.aulast=Tucker&rft.btitle=The+European+Powers+in+the+First+World+War%3A+An+Encyclopedia&rft.date=1996&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0815303992&rft.pages=173&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEHI3PCjDtsUC%26pg%3DPA173&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Broadberry, Stephen; Klein, Alexander. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120622094503/http://www.cepr.org/meets/wkcn/1/1699/papers/Broadberry_Klein.pdf">Aggregate and Per Capita GDP in Europe, 1870–2000: Continental, Regional and National Data with Changing Boundaries</a> (PDF). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Centre_for_Economic_Policy_Research&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Centre for Economic Policy Research（页面不存在）">Centre for Economic Policy Research</a>: 18. 2008-02-08 [2012-05-24]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cepr.org/meets/wkcn/1/1699/papers/Broadberry_Klein.pdf">原始内容</a> (PDF)存档于2012-06-22）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&rft.au=Klein%2C+Alexander&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft.aulast=Broadberry&rft.btitle=Aggregate+and+Per+Capita+GDP+in+Europe%2C+1870%E2%80%932000%3A+Continental%2C+Regional+and+National+Data+with+Changing+Boundaries&rft.date=2008-02-08&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pages=18&rft.pub=Centre+for+Economic+Policy+Research&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cepr.org%2Fmeets%2Fwkcn%2F1%2F1699%2Fpapers%2FBroadberry_Klein.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161003230916/https://www.pbs.org/greatwar/resources/casdeath_pop.html">WWI Casualty and Death Tables</a>. PBS. [2018-07-28]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/greatwar/resources/casdeath_pop.html">原始内容</a>存档于2016-10-03）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&rft.btitle=WWI+Casualty+and+Death+Tables&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=PBS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fgreatwar%2Fresources%2Fcasdeath_pop.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Ian Kershew著、林華譯. 地獄之行:1914-1949. 中信出版集團. 2018年12月: 202. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-7-5086-8300-3" title="Special:网络书源/978-7-5086-8300-3">ISBN 978-7-5086-8300-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&rft.au=Ian+Kershew%E8%91%97%E3%80%81%E6%9E%97%E8%8F%AF%E8%AD%AF&rft.btitle=%E5%9C%B0%E7%8D%84%E4%B9%8B%E8%A1%8C%3A1914-1949&rft.date=2018-12&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-7-5086-8300-3&rft.pages=202&rft.pub=%E4%B8%AD%E4%BF%A1%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E9%9B%86%E5%9C%98&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Pavlowitch, Stevan K. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=R8d2409V9tEC&pg=PA238">Hitler's New Disorder: The Second World War in Yugoslavia</a>. Columbia University Press. 2008: 238–240 [2022-01-21]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0199326631" title="Special:网络书源/978-0199326631">ISBN 978-0199326631</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230115222517/https://books.google.com/books?id=R8d2409V9tEC&pg=PA238">存档</a>于2023-01-15）. <q>When Bulgaria switched sides in September</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&rft.aufirst=Stevan+K.&rft.aulast=Pavlowitch&rft.btitle=Hitler%27s+New+Disorder%3A+The+Second+World+War+in+Yugoslavia&rft.date=2008&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0199326631&rft.pages=238-240&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DR8d2409V9tEC%26pg%3DPA238&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Valentino, Benjamin A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/finalsolutionsma00vale">Final Solutions: Mass Killing and Genocide in the Twentieth Century</a><img alt="有限度免费查阅，超限则需付费订阅" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. Cornell University Press. 2005: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/finalsolutionsma00vale/page/91">91</a>–151. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-8014-3965-0" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-8014-3965-0">ISBN 978-0-8014-3965-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&rft.aufirst=Benjamin+A.&rft.aulast=Valentino&rft.btitle=Final+Solutions%3A+Mass+Killing+and+Genocide+in+the+Twentieth+Century&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-8014-3965-0&rft.pages=91-151&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffinalsolutionsma00vale&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Stankova, Marietta. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=y7G2BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA99">Bulgaria in British Foreign Policy, 1943–1949</a>. 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The World Bank Group. 2018 [2018-07-28]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datahelpdesk.worldbank.org/knowledgebase/articles/906519">原始内容</a>存档于2018-01-11）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&rft.btitle=World+Bank+Country+and+Lending+Groups&rft.date=2018&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=The+World+Bank+Group&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatahelpdesk.worldbank.org%2Fknowledgebase%2Farticles%2F906519&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110710020431/http://www.usaid.gov/pubs/cbj2002/ee/bg/">Bulgaria Overview</a>. <a href="/wiki/USAID" class="mw-redirect" title="USAID">USAID</a>. 2002 [2011-11-02]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usaid.gov/pubs/cbj2002/ee/bg/">原始内容</a>存档于2011-07-10）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&rft.btitle=Bulgaria+Overview&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=USAID&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usaid.gov%2Fpubs%2Fcbj2002%2Fee%2Fbg%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Bell, John D. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220512223141/https://www.britannica.com/place/Bulgaria/Late-communist-rule">Bulgaria – Late Communist rule</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica. [2018-07-28]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Bulgaria/Late-communist-rule">原始内容</a>存档于2022-05-12）. <q>Bulgaria gave the highest priority to scientific and technological advancement and the development of trade skills appropriate to an industrial state. In 1948 approximately 80 percent of the population drew their living from the soil, but by 1988 less than one-fifth of the labour force was engaged in agriculture, with the rest concentrated in industry and the service sector.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&rft.atitle=Bulgaria+%E2%80%93+Late+Communist+rule&rft.aufirst=John+D.&rft.aulast=Bell&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.genre=bookitem&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FBulgaria%2FLate-communist-rule&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Economies-100"><a href="#cite_ref-Economies_100-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120125014952/http://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/een/005/article_4326_en.htm">The economies of Bulgaria and Romania</a>. <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="European Commission">European Commission</a>. January 2007 [2011-12-20]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/een/005/article_4326_en.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2012-01-25）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&rft.btitle=The+economies+of+Bulgaria+and+Romania&rft.date=2007-01&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=European+Commission&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Feconomy_finance%2Feen%2F005%2Farticle_4326_en.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220419163006/https://read.oecd-ilibrary.org/economics/oecd-economic-surveys-bulgaria-1999_eco_surveys-bgr-1999-en#page24">OECD Economic Surveys: Bulgaria</a>. <a href="/wiki/OECD" class="mw-redirect" title="OECD">OECD</a>. 1999: 24 [2018-10-04]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9789264167735" title="Special:网络书源/9789264167735">ISBN 9789264167735</a>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://read.oecd-ilibrary.org/economics/oecd-economic-surveys-bulgaria-1999_eco_surveys-bgr-1999-en#page24">原始内容</a>存档于2022-04-19）. <q>The previous 1997 Economic Survey of Bulgaria documented how a combination of difficult initial conditions, delays in structural reforms, ... culminated in the economic crisis of 1996–97.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&rft.btitle=OECD+Economic+Surveys%3A+Bulgaria&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9789264167735&rft.pages=24&rft.pub=OECD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fread.oecd-ilibrary.org%2Feconomics%2Foecd-economic-surveys-bulgaria-1999_eco_surveys-bgr-1999-en%23page24&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220121040703/https://btvnovinite.bg/bulgaria/ikonomika/srednata-rabotna-zaplata-raste-do-1036lv.html"><bdi lang="bg">Средната работна заплата расте до 1036 лв.</bdi> [Average monthly wages wage increased to 1,036 lv]</a>. BTV. [2017-05-15]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://btvnovinite.bg/bulgaria/ikonomika/srednata-rabotna-zaplata-raste-do-1036lv.html">原始内容</a>存档于2022-01-21） （保加利亚语）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&rft.btitle=%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0+%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5+%D0%B4%D0%BE+1036+%D0%BB%D0%B2.&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=BTV&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbtvnovinite.bg%2Fbulgaria%2Fikonomika%2Fsrednata-rabotna-zaplata-raste-do-1036lv.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121224023912/http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_PUBLIC/3-20122012-AP/EN/3-20122012-AP-EN.PDF">One out of six employees in the EU27 was a low-wage earner in 2010</a> (PDF). 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[2018-07-16]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2056.html#bu">原始内容</a>存档于2018-07-06）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&rft.atitle=Field+listing%3A+Budget&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+World+Factbook&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Ffields%2F2056.html%23bu&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-2018budget-106"><a href="#cite_ref-2018budget_106-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Denizova, Vera. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220512223215/https://www.capital.bg/politika_i_ikonomika/bulgaria/2017/10/23/3064620_bjudjet_2018_poveche_za_zaplati_zdrave_i_pensii/"><bdi lang="bg">Бюджет 2018: Повече за заплати, здраве и пенсии</bdi> [2018 Budget: More for salaries, health and pensions]</a>. 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[2020-05-19]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nsi.bg/en/content/17554/%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F/population-and-demographic-processes-2018">原始内容</a>存档于2020-07-15）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&rft.atitle=Population+and+Demographic+Processes+in+2018&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nsi.bg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nsi.bg%2Fen%2Fcontent%2F17554%2F%25D0%25BF%25D1%2583%25D0%25B1%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F%2Fpopulation-and-demographic-processes-2018&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFMax_Roser2014" class="citation">Max Roser, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220510101721/https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/children-born-per-woman?year=1850&country=BGR">Total Fertility Rate around the world over the last centuries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Our_World_In_Data" class="mw-redirect" title="Our World In Data">Our World In Data</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gapminder_Foundation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gapminder Foundation（页面不存在）">Gapminder Foundation</a>, 2014 [2022-01-21], （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/children-born-per-woman?year=1850&country=BGR">原始内容</a>存档于2022-05-10）</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&rft.atitle=Total+Fertility+Rate+around+the+world+over+the+last+centuries&rft.au=Max+Roser&rft.date=2014&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Our+World+In+Data%2C+Gapminder+Foundation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fourworldindata.org%2Fgrapher%2Fchildren-born-per-woman%3Fyear%3D1850%26country%3DBGR&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> <cite id="CITEREF2018" class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210109224217/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/bulgaria/">World Factbook EUROPE : BULGARIA</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" class="mw-redirect" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a>, 2018-07-12 [2022-01-21], （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/bulgaria/">原始内容</a>存档于2021-01-09）</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&rft.atitle=World+Factbook+EUROPE+%3A+BULGARIA&rft.date=2018-07-12&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+World+Factbook&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fbulgaria%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  <img alt="公有领域" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /> 本文含有此來源中屬於<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%89%E9%A2%86%E5%9F%9F" title="公有领域">公有领域</a>的内容。 </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160507005840/http://www.klassa.bg/News/Read/article/216069_World+Bank%3A+The+demographic+crisis+is+Bulgaria%E2%80%99s+most+serious+problem">World Bank: The demographic crisis is Bulgaria's most serious problem</a>. Klassa. 2012-11-15 [2013-04-08]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.klassa.bg/News/Read/article/216069_World+Bank%3A+The+demographic+crisis+is+Bulgaria%E2%80%99s+most+serious+problem">原始内容</a>存档于2016-05-07）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&rft.atitle=World+Bank%3A+The+demographic+crisis+is+Bulgaria%27s+most+serious+problem&rft.date=2012-11-15&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Klassa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.klassa.bg%2FNews%2FRead%2Farticle%2F216069_World%2BBank%253A%2BThe%2Bdemographic%2Bcrisis%2Bis%2BBulgaria%25E2%2580%2599s%2Bmost%2Bserious%2Bproblem&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-BNR_crisis-162"><a href="#cite_ref-BNR_crisis_162-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131105015344/http://bnr.bg/sites/en/Lifestyle/Life/Pages/1203DemographiccrisisDeepening.aspx">Demographic crisis in Bulgaria deepening</a>. Bulgarian National Radio. 2012-03-12 [2013-04-08]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bnr.bg/sites/en/Lifestyle/Life/Pages/1203DemographiccrisisDeepening.aspx">原始内容</a>存档于2013-11-05）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&rft.btitle=Demographic+crisis+in+Bulgaria+deepening&rft.date=2012-03-12&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Bulgarian+National+Radio&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbnr.bg%2Fsites%2Fen%2FLifestyle%2FLife%2FPages%2F1203DemographiccrisisDeepening.aspx&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-DW_Entry-163"><a href="#cite_ref-DW_Entry_163-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220510101734/https://www.dw.com/en/will-eu-entry-shrink-bulgarias-population-even-more/a-2287183">Will EU Entry Shrink Bulgaria's Population Even More?</a>. Deutsche Welle. 2006-12-26 [2016-04-11]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/en/will-eu-entry-shrink-bulgarias-population-even-more/a-2287183">原始内容</a>存档于2022-05-10）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&rft.btitle=Will+EU+Entry+Shrink+Bulgaria%27s+Population+Even+More%3F&rft.date=2006-12-26&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Deutsche+Welle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fwill-eu-entry-shrink-bulgarias-population-even-more%2Fa-2287183&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Roth, Klaus; Lauth Bacas, Jutta. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pNSGDpXT4A0C&pg=PA188">Migration In, From, and to Southeastern Europe</a>. The British Library. 2004: 188 [2022-01-21]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-3643108968" title="Special:网络书源/978-3643108968">ISBN 978-3643108968</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230115223027/https://books.google.com/books?id=pNSGDpXT4A0C&pg=PA188">存档</a>于2023-01-15）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&rft.au=Lauth+Bacas%2C+Jutta&rft.aufirst=Klaus&rft.aulast=Roth&rft.btitle=Migration+In%2C+From%2C+and+to+Southeastern+Europe&rft.date=2004&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-3643108968&rft.pages=188&rft.pub=The+British+Library&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpNSGDpXT4A0C%26pg%3DPA188&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006114113/http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/tgm/table.do?tab=table&plugin=1&language=en&pcode=tps00018">Eurostat – Tables, Graphs and Maps Interface (TGM) table</a>. Eurostat. 2013-10-17 [2014-02-25]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/tgm/table.do?tab=table&plugin=1&language=en&pcode=tps00018">原始内容</a>存档于2014-10-06）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&rft.btitle=Eurostat+%E2%80%93+Tables%2C+Graphs+and+Maps+Interface+%28TGM%29+table&rft.date=2013-10-17&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Eurostat&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fepp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu%2Ftgm%2Ftable.do%3Ftab%3Dtable%26plugin%3D1%26language%3Den%26pcode%3Dtps00018&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120310000517/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2002rank.html?countryName=Bulgaria&countryCode=bu&regionCode=eur&rank=228#bu">Country Comparison: Population growth rate</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" class="mw-redirect" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a>. <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>. [2011-12-20]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2002rank.html?countryName=Bulgaria&countryCode=bu&regionCode=eur&rank=228#bu">原始内容</a>存档于2012-03-10）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&rft.atitle=Country+Comparison%3A+Population+growth+rate&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+World+Factbook&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Frankorder%2F2002rank.html%3FcountryName%3DBulgaria%26countryCode%3Dbu%26regionCode%3Deur%26rank%3D228%23bu&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130615142331/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2054rank.html?countryName=Bulgaria&countryCode=bu&regionCode=eur&rank=205#bu">Country Comparison: Birth rate</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" class="mw-redirect" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a>. <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>. [2013-04-08]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2054rank.html?countryName=Bulgaria&countryCode=bu&regionCode=eur&rank=205#bu">原始内容</a>存档于2013-06-15）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&rft.atitle=Country+Comparison%3A+Birth+rate&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+World+Factbook&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Frankorder%2F2054rank.html%3FcountryName%3DBulgaria%26countryCode%3Dbu%26regionCode%3Deur%26rank%3D205%23bu&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nsi.bg/bg/content/2981/%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%BF%D0%BE-%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5-%D0%B8-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB">存档副本</a>. [2024-02-25]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220524130310/https://nsi.bg/bg/content/2981/%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%BF%D0%BE-%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5-%D0%B8-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB">存档</a>于2022-05-24）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&rft.btitle=%E5%AD%98%E6%A1%A3%E5%89%AF%E6%9C%AC&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnsi.bg%2Fbg%2Fcontent%2F2981%2F%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B5-%25D0%25BF%25D0%25BE-%25D0%25B3%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B4%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B5-%25D0%25B8-%25D0%25BF%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Creed, Gerald W. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ilhCTCHKCAQC&pg=PA2">Masquerade and Postsocialism: Ritual and Cultural Dispossession in Bulgaria</a>. Indiana University Press. 2011: 2 [2022-01-21]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-253-22261-9" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-253-22261-9">ISBN 978-0-253-22261-9</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230115223028/https://books.google.com/books?id=ilhCTCHKCAQC&pg=PA2">存档</a>于2023-01-15）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&rft.aufirst=Gerald+W.&rft.aulast=Creed&rft.btitle=Masquerade+and+Postsocialism%3A+Ritual+and+Cultural+Dispossession+in+Bulgaria&rft.date=2011&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-253-22261-9&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DilhCTCHKCAQC%26pg%3DPA2&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190415113318/http://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/BG">Bulgaria – Profile</a>. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2011-12-04]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/bg">原始内容</a>存档于2019-04-15）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&rft.btitle=Bulgaria+%E2%80%93+Profile&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=UNESCO+World+Heritage+Centre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Fstatesparties%2Fbg&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-EBLiterature-171"><a href="#cite_ref-EBLiterature_171-0">^</a> <cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Brisby, Liliana. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220430052502/https://www.britannica.com/art/Bulgarian-literature">Bulgarian Literature</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica. [2018-07-20]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/art/Bulgarian-literature">原始内容</a>存档于2022-04-30）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&rft.atitle=Bulgarian+Literature&rft.aufirst=Liliana&rft.aulast=Brisby&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.genre=bookitem&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fart%2FBulgarian-literature&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Giatzidis, Emil. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MUVgsK_GfxYC&pg=PA11">An Introduction to post-Communist Bulgaria: Political, Economic and Social Transformation</a>. Manchester University Press. 2002: 11 [2022-01-21]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-7190-6094-6" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-7190-6094-6">ISBN 978-0-7190-6094-6</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230115223028/https://books.google.com/books?id=MUVgsK_GfxYC&pg=PA11">存档</a>于2023-01-15）. <q>Thus, with its early emphasis on Christian Orthodox scholarship, Bulgaria became the first major centre of Slavic culture</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&rft.aufirst=Emil&rft.aulast=Giatzidis&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+post-Communist+Bulgaria%3A+Political%2C+Economic+and+Social+Transformation&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-7190-6094-6&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMUVgsK_GfxYC%26pg%3DPA11&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Riha, Thomas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_Bkddxc600IC&pg=PA214">Readings in Russian Civilization</a>. University of Chicago Press. 1964: 214 [2022-01-21]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0719060946" title="Special:网络书源/978-0719060946">ISBN 978-0719060946</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230115223028/https://books.google.com/books?id=_Bkddxc600IC&pg=PA214">存档</a>于2023-01-15）. <q>And it was mainly from Bulgaria that a rich supply of literary monuments was transferred to Kiev and other centres.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.aulast=Riha&rft.btitle=Readings+in+Russian+Civilization&rft.date=1964&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0719060946&rft.pages=214&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_Bkddxc600IC%26pg%3DPA214&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> <cite class="citation book">McNeill, William Hardy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_RsPrzrsAvoC&pg=PA49">The Rise of the West</a>. University of Chicago Press. 1963: 49 [2022-01-21]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1112695315" title="Special:网络书源/978-1112695315">ISBN 978-1112695315</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230115223029/https://books.google.com/books?id=_RsPrzrsAvoC&pg=PA49">存档</a>于2023-01-15）. <q>Accordingly, when Bulgaria was converted to Christianity (after 865), bringing massive Slavic-speaking populations within the pale of Christendom, a new literary language, Old Church Slavonic, directly based upon Bulgarian speech, developed for their use.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&rft.aufirst=William+Hardy&rft.aulast=McNeill&rft.btitle=The+Rise+of+the+West&rft.date=1963&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1112695315&rft.pages=49&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_RsPrzrsAvoC%26pg%3DPA49&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Curta, Florin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YIAYMNOOe0YC&pg=PA221">Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500–1250</a>. Cambridge University Press. 2006: 221 [2022-01-21]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780521815390" title="Special:网络书源/9780521815390">ISBN 9780521815390</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230115223536/https://books.google.com/books?id=YIAYMNOOe0YC&pg=PA221">存档</a>于2023-01-15）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&rft.aufirst=Florin&rft.aulast=Curta&rft.btitle=Southeastern+Europe+in+the+Middle+Ages%2C+500%E2%80%931250&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780521815390&rft.pages=221&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYIAYMNOOe0YC%26pg%3DPA221&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Cultural_life-176"><a href="#cite_ref-Cultural_life_176-0">^</a> <cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Bell, John D. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220512223750/https://www.britannica.com/place/Bulgaria/The-arts">Bulgaria – The arts</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica. [2018-07-28]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Bulgaria/The-arts">原始内容</a>存档于2022-05-12）. <q>The early impetus of Bulgarian traditions in the arts was cut short by the Ottoman occupation in the 14th century, and many early masterpieces were destroyed. ... the foundations were laid for later artists such as Vladimir Dimitrov, an extremely gifted painter specializing in the rural scenes of his native country ... At the beginning of the 21st century, the best-known contemporary Bulgarian artist was Christo, an environmental sculptor known for wrapping famous structures</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&rft.atitle=Bulgaria+%E2%80%93+The+arts&rft.aufirst=John+D.&rft.aulast=Bell&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.genre=bookitem&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FBulgaria%2FThe-arts&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Grabar, André. La Peinture Religieuse en Bulgarie [Religious Visual Arts in Bulgaria]. P. Geuthner. 1928: 95.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9&rft.aulast=Grabar&rft.btitle=La+Peinture+Religieuse+en+Bulgarie&rft.date=1928&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=95&rft.pub=P.+Geuthner&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  <div class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E9%A9%AC%E9%80%8A%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E8%AF%86%E5%88%AB%E5%8F%B7%E7%A0%81" title="亚马逊标准识别号码">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B005ZI4OV8">B005ZI4OV8</a></div> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Kremenliev, Boris A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wOOfVFJWMLIC-zcC&pg=PA52">Bulgarian-Macedonian Folk Music</a>. University of California Press. 1952: 52. <q>Bulgaria's scales are numerous, and it may be demonstrated that they are a fusion of Eastern and Western influences. ... first, Oriental scales; second, church modes: the osmoglasie ... third, the conventional scales of Western Europe. ... Among the scales which have come to the Balkans from Asia, the pentatonic is one of the most widely used in Bulgaria. Whether it came from China or Japan, as Dobri Hristov suggests</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&rft.aufirst=Boris+A.&rft.aulast=Kremenliev&rft.btitle=Bulgarian-Macedonian+Folk+Music&rft.date=1952&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=52&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwOOfVFJWMLIC-zcC%26pg%3DPA52&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5" title="Wikipedia:失效链接">失效連結</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171114145131/https://www.grammy.com/grammys/awards/32nd-annual-grammy-awards">32nd Grammy Awards Winners</a>. Grammy Awards. 2017-11-28 [2018-07-28]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.grammy.com/grammys/awards/32nd-annual-grammy-awards">原始内容</a>存档于2017-11-14）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&rft.btitle=32nd+Grammy+Awards+Winners&rft.date=2017-11-28&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Grammy+Awards&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.grammy.com%2Fgrammys%2Fawards%2F32nd-annual-grammy-awards&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220510101820/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-17205118">Bulgaria profile – Media</a>. BBC News. 2015-07-13 [2014-05-02]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-17205118">原始内容</a>存档于2022-05-10）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&rft.atitle=Bulgaria+profile+%E2%80%93+Media&rft.date=2015-07-13&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-17205118&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-RSF-181"><a href="#cite_ref-RSF_181-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210106224251/https://rsf.org/en/bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reporters_Without_Borders&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reporters Without Borders（页面不存在）">Reporters Without Borders</a>. [2018-05-20]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rsf.org/en/bulgaria">原始内容</a>存档于2021-01-06）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&rft.btitle=Bulgaria&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Reporters+Without+Borders&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frsf.org%2Fen%2Fbulgaria&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-guardian1-182"><a href="#cite_ref-guardian1_182-0">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Greenslade, Roy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180520193354/https://www.theguardian.com/media/greenslade/2014/sep/23/press-freedom-bulgaria">Why Bulgaria is the EU's lowest ranked country on press freedom index</a>. The Guardian. 2014-09-23 [2018-05-20]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/media/greenslade/2014/sep/23/press-freedom-bulgaria">原始内容</a>存档于2018-05-20）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&rft.atitle=Why+Bulgaria+is+the+EU%27s+lowest+ranked+country+on+press+freedom+index&rft.aufirst=Roy&rft.aulast=Greenslade&rft.date=2014-09-23&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmedia%2Fgreenslade%2F2014%2Fsep%2F23%2Fpress-freedom-bulgaria&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Cuisine-183"><a href="#cite_ref-Cuisine_183-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Albala, Ken. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zG1H75z0EYYC&pg=PA61">Food Cultures of the World Encyclopedia</a>. 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[2011-12-04]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bgolympic.org/fce/index.shtml?s=001&p=0039&n=000001">原始内容</a>存档于2011-09-28）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&rft.btitle=Athens+1896&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Bulgarian+Olympic+Committee&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bgolympic.org%2Ffce%2Findex.shtml%3Fs%3D001%26p%3D0039%26n%3D000001&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110221073953/https://www.olympic.org/bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>. International Olympic Committee. 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[2018-07-22]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Bulgaria/The-arts#ref42718">原始内容</a>存档于2022-05-12）. <q>In international sports competition, Bulgarians have excelled in tennis, wrestling, boxing, and gymnastics, but the country's greatest repute may be in weight-lifting. ... Fans of football (soccer), the most popular sport in Bulgaria, were buoyed by the success of the national team in the 1994 World Cup, when it advanced to the semi-final match under the leadership of forward Hristo Stoichkov. 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UEFA. [2018-07-22]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/uefarankings/club/index.html#/yr/2018">原始内容</a>存档于2019-03-18）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&rft.btitle=Club+Coefficients&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=UEFA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.uefa.com%2Fmemberassociations%2Fuefarankings%2Fclub%2Findex.html%23%2Fyr%2F2018&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結">外部連結</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A&action=edit&section=21" title="编辑章节：外部連結">编辑</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E8%AF%AD%E5%BD%95" title="维基语录">维基语录</a>上的<a href="https://zh.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/保加利亚">保加利亚语录</a></div></div> </div> <dl><dt>保加利亚政府</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.government.bg/">Official governmental site</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20110210182313/http://www.government.bg/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.president.bg/">President of The Republic of Bulgaria</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20110210182313/http://www.president.bg/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060807025846/http://www.parliament.bg/?page=home&lng=en&r=n">National Assembly of the Republic of Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091026201948/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-b/bulgaria.html">Chief of State and Cabinet Members</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>相关资料</dt></dl> <ul><li>《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%A6%82%E5%86%B5" title="世界概况">世界概况</a>》上有关<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/bu">Bulgaria</a>的条目</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.state.gov/p/eur/ci/bu/">Bulgaria</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20090919111050/http://www.state.gov/p/eur/ci/bu/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） information from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Department of State">United States Department of State</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loc.gov/rr/international/european/bulgaria/bg.html">Portals to the World</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20091009153453/http://www.loc.gov/rr/international/european/bulgaria/bg.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） from the United States <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090605154859/http://www.bulgariasfinest.com/eco-friendly-bulgaria.aspx">Article Eco Friendly Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081016001809/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/bulgaria.htm">Bulgaria</a> at UCB Libraries GovPubs</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E6%94%BE%E5%BC%8F%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95" title="开放式目录">开放目录项目</a>中的“<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://curlie.org/Regional/Europe/Bulgaria">保加利亚</a>”</li></ul> <a href="/wiki/File:Wikimedia-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Wikimedia-logo.svg/15px-Wikimedia-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Wikimedia-logo.svg/23px-Wikimedia-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Wikimedia-logo.svg/30px-Wikimedia-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1024" /></a> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atlas_of_Bulgaria" class="extiw" title="commons:Atlas of Bulgaria">維基媒體的Bulgaria地圖集</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Gnome-globe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/15px-Gnome-globe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/23px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/30px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bulgariagazette.com">Bulgaria Gazette</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20200922170141/http://www.bulgariagazette.com/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li></ul> <dl><dt>旅游</dt></dl> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/16px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/24px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/32px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /> <a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%AF%BC%E6%B8%B8" title="维基导游">维基导游</a>上<a href="https://zh.wikivoyage.org/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" class="extiw" title="voy:保加利亚">有關保加利亚的旅行指南</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.motoroads.com/bulgaria-travel-video.aspx">Bulgaria - video presentations from Bulgaria Tourism Authority</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20100323085455/http://www.motoroads.com/bulgaria-travel-video.aspx">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guide-bulgaria.com/">All cities and villages</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20100102061329/http://www.guide-bulgaria.com/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100914005003/http://www.slidespost.com/zoom.php?id=2306">The mountains of Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100131075432/http://www.panoramio.com/user/1018024">Image Gallery of Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://raskoll.com">Large Image Gallery of Bulgaria</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20200922170155/http://raskoll.com/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120119042431/http://toprentacar.bg/en/the-first-car-in-Bulgaria">Cars from antiquity to their appearance in Bulgaria</a></li></ul> <table class="noprint metadata" style="border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; background: #f8f9fa; text-align: center; width:80%; font-size:80%; margin:0.5em auto"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:0%; padding-right:5px" rowspan="5"><figure class="mw-halign-center skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Compass_rose_pale.svg/50px-Compass_rose_pale.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Compass_rose_pale.svg/75px-Compass_rose_pale.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Compass_rose_pale.svg/100px-Compass_rose_pale.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="width:33%"> </td> <td style="width:33%"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/22px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/33px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/44px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" title="羅馬尼亞">羅馬尼亞</a> </td> <td style="width:33%"> </td> <td style="width:0%; padding-left:5px" rowspan="5"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Compass_rose_pale.svg/50px-Compass_rose_pale.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Compass_rose_pale.svg/75px-Compass_rose_pale.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Compass_rose_pale.svg/100px-Compass_rose_pale.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:33%" rowspan="3"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A" title="塞尔维亚">塞爾維亞</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/22px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/33px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/44px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%B6%E9%A0%93" title="北馬其頓">北馬其頓</a> </td> <td style="width:33%"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/North.svg/17px-North.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/North.svg/26px-North.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/North.svg/34px-North.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="17" data-file-height="17" /> </td> <td style="width:33%" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E6%B5%B7" title="黑海">黑海</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:33%"> <table style="width:100%"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:50%; text-align:right"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/West.svg/17px-West.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/West.svg/26px-West.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/West.svg/34px-West.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="17" data-file-height="17" /><figcaption>西</figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="width:0%; text-align: center" nowrap="nowrap">  <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">保加利亚</a>   </td> <td style="width:50%; text-align:left"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Boxed_East_arrow.svg/17px-Boxed_East_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Boxed_East_arrow.svg/26px-Boxed_East_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Boxed_East_arrow.svg/34px-Boxed_East_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="17" data-file-height="17" /><figcaption>東</figcaption></figure> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:33%"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/South.svg/17px-South.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/South.svg/26px-South.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/South.svg/34px-South.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="17" data-file-height="17" /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:33%"> </td> <td style="width:33%"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/22px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/33px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/44px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A" title="希腊">希腊</a> </td> <td style="width:33%"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/22px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/33px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/44px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6" title="土耳其">土耳其</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84261037">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px 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title="荷兰王国">荷兰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%97%B6" title="比利时">比利时</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1" title="卢森堡">卢森堡</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;padding: 0 0.5em;"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Europe_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/100px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/150px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/200px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%AC%A7" title="南欧">南欧</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:2em; text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6" title="意大利半島">亞平寧半島</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto; text-align:left"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" title="意大利">意大利</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E8%92%82%E5%86%88" title="梵蒂冈">梵蒂冈</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%BA%A7%E7%9A%84%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B%E5%9C%B0%E4%BD%8D" title="聖座的法律地位">属</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%BA%A7" title="聖座">聖座</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E7%88%BE%E4%BB%96%E9%A8%8E%E5%A3%AB%E5%9C%98" title="馬爾他騎士團">馬爾他騎士團</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E9%A9%AC%E5%8A%9B%E8%AF%BA" title="圣马力诺">圣马力诺</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:2em; text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B" title="伊比利亚半岛">伊比利亚半岛</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto; text-align:left"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99" title="葡萄牙">葡萄牙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99" title="西班牙">西班牙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E9%81%93%E5%B0%94" title="安道尔">安道尔</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:2em; text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7" title="地中海">地中海諸國</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto; text-align:left"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A" title="希腊">希腊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%BD%E6%99%AE%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF" title="賽普勒斯">賽普勒斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%80%B3%E4%BB%96" title="马耳他">馬爾他</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%AC%A7" title="中欧">中欧</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:2em; text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%88%86%E4%BD%88" title="德語地理分佈">德語圈</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto; text-align:left"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD" title="德国">德国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9" title="奥地利">奥地利</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB" title="瑞士">瑞士</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%97%E6%94%AF%E6%95%A6%E6%96%AF%E7%99%BB" title="列支敦斯登">列支敦斯登</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:2em; text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E7%89%99%E5%88%A9%E8%AF%AD" title="匈牙利语">馬扎兒語圈</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto; text-align:left"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E7%89%99%E5%88%A9" title="匈牙利">匈牙利</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:2em; text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" title="西斯拉夫民族">西斯拉夫</a>國家</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto; text-align:left"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0" title="波兰">波兰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B" title="捷克">捷克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%90%E5%85%8B" title="斯洛伐克">斯洛伐克</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%AD%90" title="北歐">北歐</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:2em; text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%AD%90%E4%BA%94%E5%9C%8B" title="北歐五國">斯堪的纳维亚</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto; text-align:left"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A6" title="丹麦">丹麦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81" title="挪威">挪威</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8" title="瑞典">瑞典</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%AC%E5%85%B0" title="芬兰">芬兰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B2%9B" title="冰岛">冰岛</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:2em; text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%BD%97%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6" title="波罗的海国家">波羅的海</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto; text-align:left"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B" title="立陶宛">立陶宛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%84%AB%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E" title="拉脫維亞">拉脫維亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E6%B2%99%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="爱沙尼亚">爱沙尼亚</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%AC%A7" title="东欧">东欧</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:2em; text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" title="東斯拉夫民族">東斯拉夫</a>國家</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto; text-align:left"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="俄罗斯">俄罗斯</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" title="歐洲俄羅斯">欧洲部分</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="白俄罗斯">白俄罗斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0" title="乌克兰">乌克兰</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:2em; text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B" title="巴尔干半岛">巴尔干半岛</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto; text-align:left"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E6%96%87%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="斯洛文尼亚">斯洛維尼亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%BD%97%E5%9C%B0%E4%BA%9A" title="克罗地亚">克羅埃西亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%92%8C%E9%BB%91%E5%A1%9E%E5%93%A5%E7%BB%B4%E9%82%A3" title="波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那">波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A" title="塞尔维亚">塞尔维亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E7%89%B9%E5%85%A7%E5%93%A5%E7%BE%85" title="蒙特內哥羅">黑山</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%B6%E9%A0%93" title="北馬其頓">北馬其頓</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E7%B4%A2%E6%B2%83" title="科索沃">科索沃</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="阿尔巴尼亚">阿尔巴尼亚</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">保加利亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" title="羅馬尼亞">羅馬尼亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%9A%E7%93%A6" title="摩尔多瓦">摩尔多瓦</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">跨欧亚地区 （部分領土位於歐洲）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="俄罗斯">俄罗斯</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" title="歐洲俄羅斯">欧洲部分</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6" title="土耳其">土耳其</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%B2%E9%9B%B7%E6%96%AF" title="色雷斯">色雷斯</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81%E5%90%89%E4%BA%9A" title="格鲁吉亚">格鲁吉亚</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%A2" title="高加索">高加索地區</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A1%9E%E6%8B%9C%E7%96%86" title="阿塞拜疆">阿塞拜疆</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%A2" title="高加索">高加索地區</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="哈萨克斯坦">哈萨克斯坦</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%94%E6%B2%B3" title="乌拉尔河">乌拉尔河</a>以西的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%93%88%E8%96%A9%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%B7%9E" title="西哈薩克斯坦州">西哈薩克斯坦州</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%89%B9%E5%8B%9E%E5%B7%9E" title="阿特勞州">阿特勞州</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%9E%E5%9C%B0" title="属地">海外屬地</a>與 其他特殊政區</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>英國 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E5%B8%83%E7%BD%97%E9%99%80" title="直布罗陀">直布罗陀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B9%E8%A5%BF%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%80" title="根西行政區">根西</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BC%E5%B3%B6" title="曼島">马恩岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%A4%E8%A5%BF" title="澤西">澤西</a></li></ul></li> <li>挪威 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8F%9A%E9%A6%AC%E5%BB%B6" title="揚馬延">揚馬延島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%B4" title="斯瓦尔巴">斯瓦尔巴群島</a></li></ul></li> <li>丹麥 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E7%BD%97%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="法罗群岛">法罗群岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%99%B5%E5%85%B0" title="格陵兰">格陵兰</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li>参见：<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%80%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95" title="世界政區索引">世界政區索引</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2" title="非洲">非洲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="美洲">美洲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%9E%81%E6%B4%B2" title="南极洲">南极洲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E6%B4%B2" title="亚洲">亚洲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B%E6%B4%B2" title="大洋洲">大洋洲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="各国首都列表">各国首都列表</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="欧洲各国家和地區" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E9%A2%98%E7%9B%AE" title="Template:欧洲题目"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E9%A2%98%E7%9B%AE" title="Template talk:欧洲题目"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E9%A2%98%E7%9B%AE" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:欧洲题目"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="欧洲各国家和地區" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2" title="欧洲">欧洲</a>各国家和地區</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD" title="联合国">联合国</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83%E5%93%A1%E5%9C%8B%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="聯合國會員國列表">會員國</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="阿尔巴尼亚">阿尔巴尼亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E9%81%93%E5%B0%94" title="安道尔">安道尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E7%BE%8E%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" title="亞美尼亞">亞美尼亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9" title="奥地利">奥地利</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A1%9E%E6%8B%9C%E7%96%86" title="阿塞拜疆">亞塞拜然</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="白俄罗斯">白俄罗斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%97%B6" title="比利时">比利时</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%92%8C%E9%BB%91%E5%A1%9E%E5%93%A5%E7%BB%B4%E9%82%A3" title="波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那">波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">保加利亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%BD%97%E5%9C%B0%E4%BA%9A" title="克罗地亚">克罗地亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%BD%E6%99%AE%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF" title="賽普勒斯">賽普勒斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B" title="捷克">捷克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A6" title="丹麦">丹麦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E6%B2%99%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="爱沙尼亚">爱沙尼亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%AC%E5%85%B0" title="芬兰">芬兰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD" title="法国">法国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81%E5%90%89%E4%BA%9A" title="格鲁吉亚">格鲁吉亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD" title="德国">德国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A" title="希腊">希腊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E7%89%99%E5%88%A9" title="匈牙利">匈牙利</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B2%9B" title="冰岛">冰岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B0" title="爱尔兰">爱尔兰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" title="意大利">義大利</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="哈萨克斯坦">哈萨克斯坦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%84%B1%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="拉脱维亚">拉脱维亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%97%E6%94%AF%E6%95%A6%E5%A3%AB%E7%99%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="列支敦士登">列支敦士登</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B" title="立陶宛">立陶宛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1" title="卢森堡">卢森堡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%80%B3%E4%BB%96" title="马耳他">馬爾他</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%9A%E7%93%A6" title="摩尔多瓦">摩尔多瓦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E7%BA%B3%E5%93%A5" title="摩纳哥">摩纳哥</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E7%89%B9%E5%85%A7%E5%93%A5%E7%BE%85" title="蒙特內哥羅">蒙特內哥羅</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="荷兰王国">荷兰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%B6%E9%A1%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="北马其顿">北马其顿</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81" title="挪威">挪威</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0" title="波兰">波兰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99" title="葡萄牙">葡萄牙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="罗马尼亚">罗马尼亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="俄罗斯">俄罗斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E9%A9%AC%E5%8A%9B%E8%AF%BA" title="圣马力诺">圣马力诺</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A" title="塞尔维亚">塞尔维亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%90%E5%85%8B" title="斯洛伐克">斯洛伐克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E6%96%87%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="斯洛文尼亚">斯洛維尼亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99" title="西班牙">西班牙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8" title="瑞典">瑞典</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB" title="瑞士">瑞士</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6" title="土耳其">土耳其</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0" title="乌克兰">乌克兰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD" title="英国">英国</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2" title="欧洲"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary_%28with_borders%29.svg/100px-Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary_%28with_borders%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary_%28with_borders%29.svg/150px-Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary_%28with_borders%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary_%28with_borders%29.svg/200px-Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary_%28with_borders%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="537" data-file-height="536" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">公认<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E6%AC%8A" title="主權">主权实体</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E7%88%BE%E4%BB%96%E9%A8%8E%E5%A3%AB%E5%9C%98" title="馬爾他騎士團">馬爾他騎士團</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E8%92%82%E5%86%88" title="梵蒂冈">梵蒂冈</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%BA%A7" title="聖座">聖座</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F" title="欧洲联盟">歐洲聯盟</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E9%99%90%E6%89%BF%E8%AE%A4%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="有限承认国家列表">未受国际普遍承认国家</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B8%83%E5%93%88%E5%85%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="阿布哈兹">阿布哈兹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E7%B4%A2%E6%B2%83" title="科索沃">科索沃</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E8%B3%BD%E6%99%AE%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF" title="北賽普勒斯">北塞浦路斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%A5%A5%E5%A1%9E%E6%A2%AF" title="南奥塞梯">南奥塞梯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%B6%85%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%B2%B3%E6%B2%BF%E5%B2%B8" title="德涅斯特河沿岸">德涅斯特河沿岸</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%9E%E5%9C%B0" title="属地">属地</a>和其他特殊政区</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E5%85%8B%E7%BE%85%E6%8F%90%E5%88%A9%E8%88%87%E5%BE%B7%E5%87%B1%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" title="亞克羅提利與德凱利亞">阿克罗蒂里和泽凯利亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%85%B0" title="奥兰">奥兰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E7%BD%97%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="法罗群岛">法罗群岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E5%B8%83%E7%BD%97%E9%99%80" title="直布罗陀">直布羅陀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8F%9A%E9%A6%AC%E5%BB%B6" title="揚馬延">扬马延</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B9%E8%A5%BF" title="根西">根西</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%A4%E8%A5%BF" title="澤西">澤西</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BC%E5%B3%B6" title="曼島">马恩岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%B4" title="斯瓦尔巴">斯瓦尔巴</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="國際組織成員" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="國際組織成員" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em">國際組織成員</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;font-size:114%;"><div style="padding:0px;"><div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="欧洲联盟成员国" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%AC%A7%E7%9B%9F" title="Template:欧盟"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E6%AC%A7%E7%9B%9F" title="Template talk:欧盟"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%AC%A7%E7%9B%9F" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:欧盟"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="欧洲联盟成员国" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F" title="欧洲联盟">欧洲联盟</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F%E6%88%90%E5%91%98%E5%9B%BD" title="欧洲联盟成员国">成员国</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/22px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/33px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/44px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B0" title="爱尔兰">爱尔兰</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/22px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/33px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/44px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="法國">法國</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD" title="德国">德国</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9" title="奥地利">奥地利</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%97%B6" title="比利时">比利时</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">保加利亚</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/22px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/33px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/44px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%BD%E6%99%AE%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF" title="賽普勒斯">賽普勒斯</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B" title="捷克">捷克</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/22px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/33px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/44px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A6" title="丹麦">丹麦</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /> <a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E6%B2%99%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="爱沙尼亚">爱沙尼亚</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/22px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/33px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/44px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /> <a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%AC%E5%85%B0" title="芬兰">芬兰</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/22px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/33px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/44px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A" title="希腊">希腊</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/22px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/33px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/44px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E7%89%99%E5%88%A9" title="匈牙利">匈牙利</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%BD%97%E5%9C%B0%E4%BA%9A" title="克罗地亚">克罗地亚</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/22px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/33px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/44px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="義大利">義大利</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%84%AB%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E" title="拉脫維亞">拉脫維亞</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/22px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/33px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/44px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B" title="立陶宛">立陶宛</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/22px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/33px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/44px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1" title="卢森堡">盧森堡</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/22px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/33px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/44px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%80%B3%E4%BB%96" title="马耳他">馬爾他</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0" title="荷兰">荷蘭</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/22px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/33px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/44px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0" title="波兰">波蘭</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/22px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/33px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/44px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99" title="葡萄牙">葡萄牙</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/22px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/33px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/44px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" title="羅馬尼亞">羅馬尼亞</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%90%E5%85%8B" title="斯洛伐克">斯洛伐克</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E6%96%87%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="斯洛文尼亚">斯洛維尼亞</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/22px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/33px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/44px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99" title="西班牙">西班牙</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/22px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/33px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/44px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8" title="瑞典">瑞典</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Europe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/50px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/75px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/100px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="地中海聯盟" style="width:100%;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F" title="Template:地中海聯盟"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F" title="Template talk:地中海聯盟"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:地中海聯盟"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="地中海聯盟" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F" title="地中海聯盟">地中海聯盟</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">成員國</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9" title="奥地利">奥地利</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%97%B6" title="比利时">比利时</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">保加利亚</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/22px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/33px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/44px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%BD%E6%99%AE%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF" title="賽普勒斯">賽普勒斯</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B" title="捷克">捷克</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/22px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/33px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/44px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A6" title="丹麦">丹麦</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /> <a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E6%B2%99%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="爱沙尼亚">爱沙尼亚</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/22px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/33px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/44px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /> <a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%AC%E5%85%B0" title="芬兰">芬兰</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/22px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/33px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/44px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="法國">法國</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD" title="德国">德国</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/22px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/33px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/44px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A" title="希腊">希腊</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/22px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/33px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/44px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E7%89%99%E5%88%A9" title="匈牙利">匈牙利</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/22px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/33px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/44px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="義大利">義大利</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/22px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/33px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/44px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B0" title="爱尔兰">爱尔兰</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%84%AB%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E" title="拉脫維亞">拉脫維亞</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/22px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/33px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/44px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B" title="立陶宛">立陶宛</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/22px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/33px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/44px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1" title="卢森堡">盧森堡</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/22px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/33px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/44px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%80%B3%E4%BB%96" title="马耳他">馬爾他</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0" title="荷兰">荷蘭</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/22px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/33px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/44px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0" title="波兰">波蘭</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/22px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/33px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/44px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99" title="葡萄牙">葡萄牙</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/22px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/33px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/44px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" title="羅馬尼亞">羅馬尼亞</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%90%E5%85%8B" title="斯洛伐克">斯洛伐克</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E6%96%87%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="斯洛文尼亚">斯洛維尼亞</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/22px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/33px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/44px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99" title="西班牙">西班牙</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/22px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/33px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/44px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8" title="瑞典">瑞典</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD" title="英国">英国</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/22px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/33px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/44px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E6%B4%9B%E5%93%A5" title="摩洛哥">摩洛哥</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/22px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/33px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/44px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%9B%E9%87%8C%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="毛里塔尼亚">毛里塔尼亚</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E" title="突尼西亞">突尼西亞</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%8F%8A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="阿尔及利亚">阿尔及利亚</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/22px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/33px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/44px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A" title="埃及">埃及</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/22px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/33px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/44px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97" title="以色列">以色列</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E6%97%A6" title="约旦">约旦</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/22px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/33px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/44px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6" title="土耳其">土耳其</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/22px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/33px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/44px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="阿尔巴尼亚">阿尔巴尼亚</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/22px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/33px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/44px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E7%89%B9%E5%85%A7%E5%93%A5%E7%BE%85" title="蒙特內哥羅">蒙特內哥羅</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/22px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/33px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/44px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%B6%E9%A0%93" title="北馬其頓">北馬其頓</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%BD%97%E5%9C%B0%E4%BA%9A" title="克罗地亚">克罗地亚</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/22px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/33px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/44px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8E%E5%B7%B4%E5%AB%A9" title="黎巴嫩">黎巴嫩</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">觀察員國</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/22px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/33px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/44px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A" title="利比亚">利比亞</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="22x20px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=&#124;class=notpageimage_北大西洋公约组织" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%8C%97%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B%E5%85%AC%E7%B4%84%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="Template:北大西洋公約組織"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E5%8C%97%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B%E5%85%AC%E7%B4%84%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="Template talk:北大西洋公約組織"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%8C%97%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B%E5%85%AC%E7%B4%84%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:北大西洋公約組織"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="22x20px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=&#124;class=notpageimage_北大西洋公约组织" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_NATO.svg/22px-Flag_of_NATO.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_NATO.svg/33px-Flag_of_NATO.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_NATO.svg/44px-Flag_of_NATO.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B%E5%85%AC%E7%BA%A6%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="北大西洋公约组织">北大西洋公约组织</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">历史</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B%E5%85%AC%E7%BA%A6" title="北大西洋公约">北大西洋公约</a>》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%B4%84%E5%B3%B0%E6%9C%83" title="北約峰會">峰会</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E7%BA%A6%E5%86%9B%E4%BA%8B%E8%A1%8C%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="北约军事行动（页面不存在）">军事行动</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NATO_Operations" class="extiw" title="en:NATO Operations">NATO Operations</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%B4%84%E6%93%B4%E5%BC%B5" title="北約擴張">扩张</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_North_Atlantic_Treaty_Organization.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Seal_of_the_North_Atlantic_Treaty_Organization.png/100px-Seal_of_the_North_Atlantic_Treaty_Organization.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Seal_of_the_North_Atlantic_Treaty_Organization.png/150px-Seal_of_the_North_Atlantic_Treaty_Organization.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Seal_of_the_North_Atlantic_Treaty_Organization.png/200px-Seal_of_the_North_Atlantic_Treaty_Organization.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="320" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">组织</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%B4%84%E7%B8%BD%E9%83%A8" title="北約總部">總部</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B%E7%90%86%E4%BA%8B%E4%BC%9A" title="北大西洋理事会">理事会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E7%9B%9F%E5%86%9B%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E5%8F%B8%E4%BB%A4%E9%83%A8" title="欧洲盟军最高司令部">欧洲盟军最高司令部</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9B%9F%E5%86%9B%E8%BD%AC%E5%9E%8B%E5%8F%B8%E4%BB%A4%E9%83%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="盟军转型司令部（页面不存在）">盟军转型司令部</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allied_Command_Transformation" class="extiw" title="en:Allied Command Transformation">Allied Command Transformation</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E7%BA%A6%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="北约议会大会（页面不存在）">议会大会</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NATO_Parliamentary_Assembly" class="extiw" title="en:NATO Parliamentary Assembly">NATO Parliamentary Assembly</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">人物</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B%E5%85%AC%E7%BA%A6%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87%E7%A7%98%E4%B9%A6%E9%95%BF" title="北大西洋公约组织秘书长">秘书长</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%B4%84%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83%E4%B8%BB%E5%B8%AD" title="北約軍事委員會主席">军事委员会主席</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chairman_of_the_NATO_Military_Committee" class="extiw" title="en:Chairman of the NATO Military Committee">Chairman of the NATO Military Committee</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E7%9B%9F%E5%86%9B%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E5%8F%B8%E4%BB%A4%E9%83%A8" title="欧洲盟军最高司令部">欧洲盟军最高司令</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9B%9F%E5%86%9B%E8%BD%AC%E5%9E%8B%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E5%8F%B8%E4%BB%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="盟军转型最高司令（页面不存在）">盟军转型最高司令</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Allied_Commander_Transformation" class="extiw" title="en:Supreme Allied Commander Transformation">Supreme Allied Commander Transformation</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%B4%84%E6%88%90%E5%93%A1%E5%9C%8B" title="北約成員國">成员国</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E6%AD%A6%E8%A3%85%E9%83%A8%E9%98%9F" title="阿尔巴尼亚武装部队">阿尔巴尼亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%99%82%E5%9C%8B%E9%98%B2%E8%BB%8D" title="比利時國防軍">比利时</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E6%AD%A6%E8%A3%9D%E9%83%A8%E9%9A%8A" title="保加利亞武裝部隊">保加利亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7%E6%AD%A6%E8%A3%9D%E9%83%A8%E9%9A%8A" title="加拿大武裝部隊">加拿大</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%BE%85%E5%9F%83%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B" title="克羅埃西亞軍事">克罗地亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B" title="捷克軍事">捷克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A5%E5%9C%8B%E9%98%B2%E8%BB%8D" title="丹麥國防軍">丹麦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E6%B2%99%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%98%B2%E8%BB%8D" title="愛沙尼亞國防軍">爱沙尼亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%AC%E8%98%AD%E5%9C%8B%E9%98%B2%E8%BB%8D" title="芬蘭國防軍">芬兰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%AD%A6%E8%A3%9D%E9%83%A8%E9%9A%8A" title="法國武裝部隊">法国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E8%81%AF%E9%82%A6%E5%9C%8B%E9%98%B2%E8%BB%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="德國聯邦國防軍">德国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E6%AD%A6%E8%A3%9D%E9%83%A8%E9%9A%8A" title="希臘武裝部隊">希腊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E7%89%99%E5%88%A9%E5%9C%8B%E9%98%B2%E8%BB%8D" title="匈牙利國防軍">匈牙利</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B3%B6%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B" title="冰島軍事">冰岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E6%AD%A6%E8%A3%9D%E9%83%A8%E9%9A%8A" title="義大利武裝部隊">意大利</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%84%B1%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A%E5%86%9B%E4%BA%8B" title="拉脱维亚军事">拉托维亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E6%AD%A6%E8%A3%85%E9%83%A8%E9%98%9F" title="立陶宛武装部队">立陶宛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A7%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B" title="盧森堡軍事">卢森堡</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%92%99%E7%89%B9%E5%85%A7%E5%93%A5%E7%BE%85%E8%BB%8D%E9%9A%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="蒙特內哥羅軍隊（页面不存在）">蒙特內哥羅</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_of_Montenegro" class="extiw" title="en:Military of Montenegro">Military of Montenegro</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E8%BB%8D%E9%9A%8A" title="荷蘭軍隊">荷兰</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%B6%E9%A1%BF%E5%86%9B%E9%98%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="北马其顿军队（页面不存在）">北马其顿</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Army_of_the_Republic_of_North_Macedonia" class="extiw" title="en:Army of the Republic of North Macedonia">Army of the Republic of North Macedonia</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E5%9C%8B%E9%98%B2%E8%BB%8D" title="挪威國防軍">挪威</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E8%BB%8D" title="波蘭共和國軍">波兰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E6%AD%A6%E8%A3%85%E9%83%A8%E9%98%9F" title="葡萄牙武装部队">葡萄牙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E6%AD%A6%E8%A3%85%E9%83%A8%E9%98%9F" title="罗马尼亚武装部队">罗马尼亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%90%E5%85%8B%E6%AD%A6%E8%A3%9D%E9%83%A8%E9%9A%8A" title="斯洛伐克武裝部隊">斯洛伐克</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E6%96%87%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E6%AD%A6%E8%A3%85%E9%83%A8%E9%98%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="斯洛文尼亚武装部队（页面不存在）">斯洛文尼亚</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovenian_Armed_Forces" class="extiw" title="en:Slovenian Armed Forces">Slovenian Armed Forces</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E5%86%9B%E9%98%9F" title="西班牙军队">西班牙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8%E5%9C%8B%E9%98%B2%E8%BB%8D" title="瑞典國防軍">瑞典</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6%E5%86%9B%E9%98%9F" title="土耳其军队">土耳其</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E6%AD%A6%E8%A3%9D%E9%83%A8%E9%9A%8A" title="英國武裝部隊">英国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%AD%A6%E8%A3%85%E9%83%A8%E9%98%9F" title="美国武装部队">美国</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E7%BA%A6%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="北约外交关系（页面不存在）">多边关系</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_NATO" class="extiw" title="en:Foreign relations of NATO">Foreign relations of NATO</a>）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B%E5%85%AC%E7%BA%A6%E5%8D%8F%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大西洋公约协会（页面不存在）">大西洋公约协会</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_Treaty_Association" class="extiw" title="en:Atlantic Treaty Association">Atlantic Treaty Association</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2-%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B%E4%BC%99%E4%BC%B4%E7%90%86%E4%BA%8B%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="欧洲-大西洋伙伴理事会（页面不存在）">欧洲-大西洋伙伴理事会</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euro-Atlantic_Partnership_Council" class="extiw" title="en:Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council">Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F" title="欧洲联盟">歐盟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7%E5%AF%B9%E8%AF%9D" title="地中海对话">地中海對話</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E4%BC%99%E4%BC%B4%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92" title="和平伙伴关系计划">和平伙伴關係計畫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%AC%E7%AB%8B%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E4%BC%99%E4%BC%B4%E8%A1%8C%E5%8A%A8%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92" title="独立合作伙伴行动计划">獨立合作夥伴行動計劃</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E8%A6%81%E9%9D%9E%E5%8C%97%E7%B4%84%E7%9B%9F%E5%8F%8B" title="主要非北約盟友">主要非北約盟友</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%B8%83%E5%B0%94%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E5%80%A1%E8%AE%AE" title="伊斯坦布尔合作倡议">伊斯坦堡合作倡議</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E7%9C%BC%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F" title="五眼聯盟">五眼聯盟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E9%98%BF%E5%A7%86%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%92%8C%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="古阿姆民主和经济发展组织">古阿姆民主和經濟發展組織</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%83%E5%A4%A7%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD%E5%9C%8B%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="七大工業國組織">七大工業國組織</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E8%88%87%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="歐洲安全與合作組織">歐洲安全與合作組織</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E5%9C%8B%E9%9B%86%E5%9C%98" title="二十國集團">二十大工業國</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">制度與法律規章</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%B4%84%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F" title="北約聯合軍事符號">NATO軍事標準標誌</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%BA%A6%E9%A2%82%E6%AD%8C" title="北约颂歌">北约之歌</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="法语国家及地区国际组织" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a 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href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%8F%8A%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87%E6%88%90%E5%91%98%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="法语国家及地区国际组织成员列表">成員</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">會員</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E9%81%93%E5%B0%94" title="安道尔">安道尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E7%BE%8E%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" title="亞美尼亞">亞美尼亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%97%B6" title="比利时">比利时</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9D%E5%AE%81" title="贝宁">贝宁</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">保加利亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%90%89%E7%B4%8D%E6%B3%95%E7%B4%A2" title="布吉納法索">布吉納法索</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%B2%E9%9A%86%E5%9C%B0" title="蒲隆地">蒲隆地</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E5%BE%97%E8%A7%92" title="佛得角">佛得角</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%AC%E5%9F%94%E5%AF%A8" title="柬埔寨">柬埔寨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%80%E9%BA%A6%E9%9A%86" title="喀麦隆">喀麦隆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7" title="加拿大">加拿大</a></li> <li>加拿大<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E4%B8%8D%E5%80%AB%E7%91%9E%E5%85%8B%E7%9C%81" title="新不倫瑞克省">新布藍茲維</a></li> <li>加拿大<a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%81%E5%8C%97%E5%85%8B%E7%9C%81" title="魁北克省">魁北克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%9B%E6%91%A9" title="葛摩">葛摩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%9A%E6%9E%9C%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="刚果共和国">刚果共和国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%9A%E6%9E%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="刚果民主共和国">刚果民主共和国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E7%89%B9%E8%BF%AA%E7%93%A6" title="科特迪瓦">科特迪瓦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%B8%83%E6%8F%90" title="吉布提">吉布提</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%BC%E5%85%8B" title="多米尼克">多米尼克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A" title="埃及">埃及</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD" title="法国">法国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E8%93%AC" title="加蓬">加蓬</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A" title="希腊">希腊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%A0%E5%86%85%E4%BA%9A" title="几内亚">几内亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BE%E5%85%A7%E4%BA%9E%E6%AF%94%E7%B4%A2" title="幾內亞比索">幾內亞比索</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%A4%E9%81%93%E5%87%A0%E5%86%85%E4%BA%9A" title="赤道几内亚">赤道几内亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%9C%B0" title="海地">海地</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E6%8C%9D" title="老挝">老挝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8E%E5%B7%B4%E5%AB%A9" title="黎巴嫩">黎巴嫩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1" title="卢森堡">卢森堡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%B6%E9%A0%93" title="北馬其頓">北馬其頓</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%BE%BE%E5%8A%A0%E6%96%AF%E5%8A%A0" title="马达加斯加">马达加斯加</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E9%87%8C" title="马里">马里</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E6%B4%9B%E5%93%A5" title="摩洛哥">摩洛哥</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%9B%E9%87%8C%E6%B1%82%E6%96%AF" title="毛里求斯">毛里求斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%9B%E9%87%8C%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="毛里塔尼亚">毛里塔尼亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%9A%E7%93%A6" title="摩尔多瓦">摩尔多瓦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E7%BA%B3%E5%93%A5" title="摩纳哥">摩纳哥</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E6%97%A5%E5%B0%94" title="尼日尔">尼日尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%9D%9E%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="中非共和國">中非</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" title="羅馬尼亞">羅馬尼亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE" title="卢旺达">卢旺达</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E5%8D%A2%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="圣卢西亚">圣卢西亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E5%A4%9A%E7%BE%8E%E5%92%8C%E6%99%AE%E6%9E%97%E8%A5%BF%E6%AF%94" title="圣多美和普林西比">圣多美和普林西比</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%86%85%E5%8A%A0%E5%B0%94" title="塞内加尔">塞内加尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E8%88%8C%E5%B0%94" title="塞舌尔">塞舌尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB" title="瑞士">瑞士</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8D%E5%BE%97" title="乍得">乍得</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E5%93%A5" title="多哥">多哥</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E" title="突尼西亞">突尼西亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E5%8A%AA%E9%98%BF%E5%9B%BE" title="瓦努阿图">瓦努阿图</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97" title="越南">越南</a></li> <li>比利時<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%97%B6%E6%B3%95%E8%AF%AD%E7%A4%BE%E7%BE%A4" title="比利时法语社群">瓦隆尼亞－布魯塞爾</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">準會員</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%BD%E6%99%AE%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF" title="賽普勒斯">賽普勒斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E9%85%8B%E9%95%BF%E5%9B%BD" title="阿拉伯联合酋长国">阿联酋</a></li> <li>法國<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%96%80%E9%87%8C%E5%A4%9A%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" title="新喀里多尼亞">新喀里多尼亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E7%BA%B3" title="加纳">加纳</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E7%B4%A2%E6%B2%83" title="科索沃">科索沃</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%94" title="卡塔尔">卡塔尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A" title="塞尔维亚">塞尔维亚</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">觀察員</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%A0%B9%E5%BB%B7" title="阿根廷">阿根廷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9" title="奥地利">奥地利</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%92%8C%E9%BB%91%E5%A1%9E%E5%93%A5%E7%BB%B4%E9%82%A3" title="波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那">波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那</a></li> <li>加拿大<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%A4%A7%E7%95%A5%E7%9C%81" title="安大略省">安大略</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%A9%E6%B0%91%E5%9B%BD" title="大韩民国">南韓</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E6%96%AF%E8%BE%BE%E9%BB%8E%E5%8A%A0" title="哥斯达黎加">哥斯达黎加</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%BD%97%E5%9C%B0%E4%BA%9A" title="克罗地亚">克罗地亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E6%98%8E%E5%B0%BC%E5%8A%A0" title="多明尼加">多明尼加</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E6%B2%99%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="爱沙尼亚">爱沙尼亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%88%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A" title="冈比亚">冈比亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81%E5%90%89%E4%BA%9A" title="格鲁吉亚">格鲁吉亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E7%89%99%E5%88%A9" title="匈牙利">匈牙利</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B0" title="爱尔兰">爱尔兰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%84%AB%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E" title="拉脫維亞">拉脫維亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B" title="立陶宛">立陶宛</a></li> <li>美國<a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E6%96%AF%E5%AE%89%E9%82%A3%E5%B7%9E" title="路易斯安那州">路易斯安那</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%80%B3%E4%BB%96" title="马耳他">马耳他</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%A8%E8%A5%BF%E5%93%A5" title="墨西哥">墨西哥</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E7%89%B9%E5%85%A7%E5%93%A5%E7%BE%85" title="蒙特內哥羅">蒙特內哥羅</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%A1%91%E6%AF%94%E5%85%8B" title="莫桑比克">莫桑比克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0" title="波兰">波兰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%90%E5%85%8B" title="斯洛伐克">斯洛伐克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E6%96%87%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="斯洛文尼亚">斯洛文尼亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B" title="捷克">捷克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E5%9B%BD" title="泰国">泰国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0" title="乌克兰">乌克兰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E6%8B%89%E5%9C%AD" title="乌拉圭">乌拉圭</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_La_Francophonie.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="法語國家及地區國際組織旗幟" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_La_Francophonie.svg/100px-Flag_of_La_Francophonie.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_La_Francophonie.svg/150px-Flag_of_La_Francophonie.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_La_Francophonie.svg/200px-Flag_of_La_Francophonie.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%8F%8A%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94%E7%A7%98%E6%9B%B8%E9%95%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="法語國家及地區國際組織秘書長（页面不存在）">秘書長</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secr%C3%A9taire_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral_de_la_Francophoni" class="extiw" title="fr:Secrétaire général de la Francophoni">Secrétaire général de la Francophoni</a>）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E7%89%B9%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E7%89%B9%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF-%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9" title="布特羅斯·布特羅斯-加利">布特羅斯·布特羅斯-加利</a> → <a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8D%9C%E6%9D%9C%C2%B7%E8%BF%AA%E4%B9%8C%E5%A4%AB" title="阿卜杜·迪乌夫">阿卜杜·迪乌夫</a> → <a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%84%E7%BE%8E%E6%A5%B7" title="庄美楷">米凱爾·尚恩</a> → <a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E4%B8%9D%C2%B7%E7%A9%86%E5%B8%8C%E5%9F%BA%E7%93%A6%E5%8D%9A" title="路易丝·穆希基瓦博">路易丝·穆希基瓦博</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">相關條目</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%AF%AD" title="法语">法语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="法语国家和地区列表">法语国家和地区列表</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83%E5%A4%A7%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="法語國家議會大會（页面不存在）">法語國家議會大會</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembl%C3%A9e_parlementaire_de_la_Francophonie" class="extiw" title="en:Assemblée parlementaire de la Francophonie">Assemblée parlementaire de la Francophonie</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%8F%8A%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E5%B1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" 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