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科学网—暨南大学刘冲/麦耀华等:生长动力学诱导添加剂分布实现高效稳定的钙钛矿电池和组件 - 纳微快报的博文
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</h1> </div> <div class="bm_c"> <div class="vw mbm"> <div class="h pbm"> <h1 class="ph"> 暨南大学刘冲/麦耀华等:生长动力学诱导添加剂分布实现高效稳定的钙钛矿电池和组件 <a href="https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog.php?mod=recommend"><img src="./static/image/blog/recommendico.gif" width="22px" height="22px" /><font style="font-size:14px; color:#930;" face="宋体">精选</font></a> </h1> <p class="xg2"> <span class="xg1">已有 4807 次阅读</span> <span class="xg1">2024-11-21 17:09</span> <span class="pipe">|</span><span class="xg1">系统分类:<a href="https://blog.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=space&do=blog&view=all&uid=3411509&catid=11">论文交流</a></span> </p> </div> <div id="blog_article" class="d cl" ><p><span style="font-size: 24px; font-family: 微软雅黑, "><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">研究背景</strong></span></p><p style="text-wrap: wrap; margin: 5px 8px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #595959;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;">在涂布法制备大面积钙钛矿薄膜过程中,通常采用气体萃取(Gas Quenching,GQ)和/或真空萃取(Vacuum Quenching,VQ)工艺来加速溶剂挥发,进而获取优质的钙钛矿中间相。然而,基于涂布法的钙钛矿前驱体液膜在萃取前一般浓度较低,导致溶剂挥发速度慢,达到最小成核浓度将比反溶剂法需要更多的时间。较低的成核速率将导致缺陷较多的钙钛矿薄膜,这可能是涂布法制备钙钛矿太阳能电池(PSCs)的效率(PCE)仍然落后于旋涂法的原因。添加剂是一种简单而有效的策略,通过形成Lewis酸碱加合物来优化中间相或作为牺牲剂辅助薄膜的结晶。但是相同的添加剂只有在特定的钙钛矿组分、溶剂体系和制备工艺条件下才能达到最佳的正向效果。针对此问题,鲜有工作深入探究其原因,明确的一点是该现象与钙钛矿薄膜的结晶动力学息息相关。因此,添加剂与薄膜生长动力学和钙钛矿晶体质量之间的关系有待解锁。</span></p><p style="text-align: center; margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px;"><img src="http://image.sciencenet.cn/home/202411/21/153413dk44zpazslosktap.png" title="" alt="1.png"/></p><p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: #595959;"><span style="font-size: 16px;color: #AB1942;"><strong><span style="font-family: Microsoft YaHei UI;">Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules Enabled by Tailoring Additive Distribution According to the Film Growth Dynamics</span></strong></span></span><span style="font-size: 14px;color: #595959;"></span></p><p style="text-align: left; margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: #595959;">Mengen Ma, Cuiling Zhang, Yujiao Ma, Weile Li, Yao Wang, Shaohang Wu, Chong Liu*, Yaohua Mai</span></p><p style="text-align: justify; margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px;"><strong><em><span style="font-size: 15px;color: #595959;">Nano-Micro Letters (2025)17: 39</span></em></strong></p><p style="text-align: justify; margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px;"><em><span style="font-size: 15px;color: #595959;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-024-01538-7" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-024-01538-7</a></span></em></p><p style="text-align: justify; margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px;"><em><span style="font-size: 15px;color: #595959;"></span></em></p><p><span style="font-size: 24px; font-family: 微软雅黑, "><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">本文亮点</strong></span></p><p style="text-align: justify; margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px;"><span style="color: #2C4BB0;"><em><strong><span style="letter-spacing: 0.5px;">1. </span></strong></em></span><span style="font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;color: #595959;">气淬和真空两种</span><strong><span style="font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;color: #AB1942;">预结晶工艺</span></strong><span style="font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;color: #595959;">导致钙钛矿薄膜内部的结晶动力学顺序不同,会导致</span><strong><span style="font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;color: #AB1942;">添加剂分布</span></strong><span style="font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;color: #595959;">的差异。</span></p><p style="text-align: justify; margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px;"><span style="text-indent: 0em; color: #2C4BB0;"><em><strong><span style="letter-spacing: 0.5px;">2. </span></strong></em></span><span style="text-indent: 0em; color: #595959; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.5px;">设计并利用1,3-双(4-甲氧基苯基)硫脲来</span><strong style="text-indent: 0em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;color: #AB1942;">改善埋底界面</span></strong><span style="text-indent: 0em; color: #595959; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.5px;">,使</span><strong style="text-indent: 0em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;color: #AB1942;">刮刀涂覆</span></strong><span style="text-indent: 0em; color: #595959; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.5px;">钙钛矿太阳电池的认证效率达到23.75%。</span></p><p style="text-align: justify; margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px;"><span style="text-indent: 0em; color: #595959; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.5px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.578px; font-size: 16px; color: #2C4BB0;"><em><strong><span style="letter-spacing: 0.5px;">3. </span></strong></em></span><span style="text-indent: 0em;">钙钛矿太阳能组件(孔径面积:60.84 cm²)的效率达到20.18%,并具有良好的</span></span><strong style="text-indent: 0em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;color: #AB1942;">运行稳定性</span></strong><span style="text-indent: 0em; color: #595959; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.5px;">(最大功率点跟踪T₉₀> 1000小时)。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 24px; font-family: 微软雅黑, "><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">内容简介</strong></span></p><p style="text-align: justify; margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px;"><span style="color: #595959;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;text-indent: 0em;line-height: 150%;">涂布法制备大面积钙钛矿薄膜过程普遍使用真空(VQ)和气淬(GQ)方式加速溶剂挥发诱导钙钛矿成核,同时伴随添加剂来优化中间相或作为牺牲剂辅助薄膜的结晶。然而普遍同一添加剂的最佳正向效果受制于钙钛矿组分、溶剂体系和制备工艺条件。针对此问题,</span><span style="font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;text-indent: 0em;line-height: 150%;color: #AB1942;">暨南大学麦耀华和刘冲团队</span><span style="color: #595959;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;text-indent: 0em;line-height: 150%;">研究了在刮涂法制备钙钛矿薄膜过程中,硫脲(TU)添加剂在不同萃取方式下(GQ和VQ)制备中间相时的生长动力学差异,发现GQ和VQ两种预结晶工艺导致钙钛矿薄膜内部的结晶动力学顺序不同,进而导致添加剂TU分布的不同。针对不同的结晶动力学过程,作者将设计定制的1,3-双(4-甲氧基苯基)硫脲(BM-TU)添加剂引入到钙钛矿薄膜的埋底界面形成界面桥连结构来改善底界面的成核结晶与电荷传输。BM-TU在底界面处的锚定修饰延缓了此处钙钛矿的结晶,进而抑制了钙钛矿薄膜孔洞的产生,使得薄膜晶粒尺寸增加且晶界间更加紧凑致密;同时界面桥连的构建改善了界面接触,有助于实现高效的载流子传输并减少电荷复合,并最终获得认证为23.75%的冠军PCE,且在<span class="">MPPT</span>连续追踪300s内具有23.46%的恒定PCE。通过刮涂法将钙钛矿薄膜扩大到10×10 cm²,作者验证了定制添加剂策略在大面积钙钛矿组件(PSM)上的可行性。经BM-TU修饰过的冠军PSM的PCE为20.18%,连续300 s内的SPO追踪的平稳连续输出PCE高达19.35%,且在连续1000 h的光照MPPT追踪下,基于BM-TU的PSM仍能保持初始效率的90%以上。</span></p><p><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 24px; font-family: 微软雅黑, "><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图文导读</strong></span></p><p style="text-wrap: wrap; margin: 5px 8px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.5px;text-indent: 0em;color: #595959;font-size: 15px;line-height: 22.5px;"><span style="text-indent: 0em;line-height: 24px;font-size: 16px;color: #2C4BB0;"><strong>I</strong></span> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.5px;text-indent: 0em;color: #595959;font-size: 15px;line-height: 22.5px;"><strong>添加剂在不同萃取中间相方法中对钙钛矿光伏性能的影响</strong></span></p><p style="margin: 5px 8px; letter-spacing: 0.578px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #595959;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;text-indent: 0em;"></span></p><p style="text-align: center; margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px;"><img src="http://image.sciencenet.cn/home/202411/21/161800xc44zyicazpzt8yd.png" title="" alt="2.png"/></p><p style="text-align: center; margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px;"><span style="color: #888888;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;">图1. (a) 不同TU浓度下基于VQ法和GQ法钙钛矿器件的光伏参数统计;(b) VQ-w/o TU、(c) GQ-w/o TU、(d) VQ-TU和(e) GQ-TU制备的钙钛矿薄膜底界面SEM;基于(f) VQ和(g) GQ法制备TU钝化钙钛矿薄膜的底界面FLIM图;基于(h) GQ和(i) VQ法制备TU钝化钙钛矿器件的TOF-SIMS。</span></p><p><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px;"><span style="color: #888888; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.5px;"></span></p><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px;"><span style="color: #888888; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.5px;"></span></p><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px;"><span style="color: #595959;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;text-indent: 0em;line-height: 150%;"><strong><strong style="color: rgb(44, 75, 176); font-size: 16px;">I<strong>I </strong></strong>不同提取方法结晶动力学过程研究</strong></span></p><p style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px;"><span style="color: #595959;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;text-indent: 0em;line-height: 22.5px;">作者提出了基于VQ法和GQ法制备的钙钛矿薄膜生长过程中的添加剂分布示意图。图2a和b分别为刮涂法制备钙钛矿膜的模型图和钙钛矿液膜的分子分布示意图。对于GQ工艺(图2c),气流首先作用于钙钛矿液膜的上表面,使液膜优先在上表面形成中间相。随着气萃时间的增加,中间体的成核会随气流的渗入从上到下发生。然而,由于上表面中间相的固化加深,将阻碍空气进一步渗入埋底界面。在溶剂萃取不完全的情况下,会在底部界面形成少量的预结晶核。在退火过程阶段,钙钛矿薄膜的底部优先被加热,导致上下表面同时结晶,但底层溶剂挥发差导致孔洞的形成。对于VQ法(图2d),溶剂萃取导致湿膜中溶液浓度整体增加。湿膜的上表面被优先抽离形成中间相,随着进一步真空抽离时间的增加,继续从底部抽离的溶剂会在上表面重新溶解部分中间相。这可能导致上表面中间相晶粒不致密,这有利于在退火过程中溶剂在埋藏界面附近挥发,形成较少的孔洞。当添加TU添加剂时,TU含量被挤压到顶部表面、层状晶粒交界处和埋底界面。可以推断,在溶剂萃取阶段抑制埋底界面成核的同时减少溶剂残留,有利于制备孔洞较少的优良埋底界面。降低溶剂与PbI₂之间的加合物,同时使用TU延缓埋藏界面处钙钛矿的结晶是一种很有前途的备选策略。图2e为作者定制的BM-TU分子在Al₂O₃和钙钛矿层之间形成桥接层的示意图,BM-TU分子中的S原子和O原子可以分别与Al³⁺和Pb²⁺发生结合。这种结构一方面有利于钝化剂锚定在底界面上,在溶剂萃取阶段抑制钙钛矿底界面成核的同时减少溶剂残留,另一方面可以钝化钙钛矿本身底界面处未配位的Pb离子缺陷。</span></p><p><br/></p><p style="text-align: center; margin: 5px 8px;"><img src="http://image.sciencenet.cn/home/202411/21/153436cpwlp2n066u6whd0.png" title="" alt="3.png"/></p><p style="text-align: center; margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px;"><span style="color: #595959;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;text-indent: 0em;line-height: 22.5px;"><span style="color: #888888; font-size: 14px;">图2</span><span style="color: #888888; font-size: 14px;">. </span><span style="color: #888888; font-size: 14px;">(a) 刮涂法制备钙钛矿薄膜示意图;(b) 钙钛矿湿膜示意图;基于(c) GQ法和(d) VQ法钙钛矿成核/生长模型示意图;(e) Al₂O₃和钙钛矿之间形成的桥接层示意图。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify; margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px;"><span style="color: #888888; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.5px;"></span></p><p style="text-align: justify; margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px;"><span style="color: #888888; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.5px;"></span></p><p style="text-align: justify; margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px;"><span style="color: #595959;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;text-indent: 0em;line-height: 150%;"><strong><strong style="color: rgb(44, 75, 176); font-size: 16px;">I<strong>I<strong>I </strong></strong></strong>钝化分子设计和界面互连层的构建</strong></span></p><p style="text-align: justify; margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px;"><span style="color: #595959;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;text-indent: 0em;">图3a是作者为了加强钝化分子在埋底界面处的锚定而设计的一种带有锚定基团的修饰TU分子−1,3-双(4-甲氧基苯基)硫脲(BM-TU)。静电势显示两种分子的主要区别在于甲氧基和苯环的引入增加了分子的给电子位点,这使得BM-TU具有多位点和强钝化的特点。图3b和c分别为DFT计算的BM-TU单个钝化原子的表面吸附相应优化后的模拟结构。在BM-TU分子的这些官能团中,-OCH₃,-S键均可以与钙钛矿层和Al₂O₃发生结合,-NH基团不吸附在Al₂O₃表面,但可以通过氢键相互作用与Pb²⁺结合。DFT计算的钙钛矿、Al₂O₃与钝化原子之间的结合能(E</span><span style="color: #595959;letter-spacing: 0.5px;text-indent: 0em;font-size: 10px;">b</span><span style="color: #595959;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;text-indent: 0em;">)显示E</span><span style="color: #595959;letter-spacing: 0.5px;text-indent: 0em;font-size: 10px;">b(S-Al³⁺)</span><span style="color: #595959;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;text-indent: 0em;">的值明显低于E</span><span style="color: #595959;letter-spacing: 0.5px;text-indent: 0em;font-size: 10px;">b(S-Pb²⁺)</span><span style="color: #595959;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;text-indent: 0em;">的值,表明-S基团更倾向于与钙钛矿层结合,而-OCH₃更倾向于与 Al₂O₃结合(E</span><span style="color: #595959;letter-spacing: 0.5px;text-indent: 0em;font-size: 10px;">b(O-Al³⁺) </span><span style="color: #595959;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;text-indent: 0em;">>E</span><span style="color: #595959;letter-spacing: 0.5px;text-indent: 0em;font-size: 10px;">b(O-Pb²⁺)</span><span style="color: #595959;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;text-indent: 0em;">)。详细的O和S原子在Al₂O₃和FAPbI₃上的吸附能对比如图3d所示。图3e-h的XPS表征也证实了BM-TU分子中的C=S 和-OCH₃基团分别可以与钙钛矿和 Al₂O₃层结合。</span></p><p style="text-align: center; margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px;"><img src="http://image.sciencenet.cn/home/202411/21/153452srvhdta82ch5vvzr.png" title="" alt="4.png"/></p><p style="text-align: center; margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px;"><span style="color: #888888; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.5px;">图3. (a) TU和BM-TU的静电势分布图;DFT计算BM-TU中单个钝化原子在(b) FAPbI₃,(c) Al₂O₃表面吸附相应优化后的模拟结构;(d) 详细的O和S原子在Al₂O₃和FAPbI₃上的吸附能;(e-f) FAPbI₃-BM-TU和(g-h) Al₂O₃-BM-TU的XPS光谱。</span></p><p style="text-align: justify; margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px;"><span style="color: #595959;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;text-indent: 0em;line-height: 22.5px;"></span></p><p style="text-align: justify; margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px;"><span style="color: #888888; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.5px;"></span></p><p style="text-align: justify; margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px;"><span style="color: #595959;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;text-indent: 0em;line-height: 150%;"><strong style="color: rgb(44, 75, 176); font-size: 16px;">I<strong>V</strong></strong> <strong> 定制添加剂钝化对PSCs光伏性能的影响</strong></span></p><p style="text-align: justify; margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px;"><span style="color: #595959;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;text-indent: 0em;">图4a为引入BM-TU后钙钛矿底界面薄膜的SEM形貌图。由图可知BM-TU在底界面处的锚定修饰延缓了此处钙钛矿的结晶,进而抑制了钙钛矿薄膜孔洞的产生,使得薄膜晶粒尺寸增加且晶界间更加紧凑致密。从图4b的TOF-SIMS结果来看,BM-TU分子中的S⁻信号分布与TU体钝化趋势相似,不同之处在于由于分子的桥连作用使得S⁻信号在钙钛矿薄膜底界面处最强。同时由于钙钛矿前驱体溶液<span class="">DMF</span>较强的溶解作用,BM-TU并没有完全锚定在Al₂O₃衬底上,而是部分溶解到钙钛矿油墨中,参与到薄膜的结晶和生长。随着钙钛矿薄膜的结晶和生长,少部分BM-TU被挤压到钙钛矿膜的上表面。因此,表征得出钙钛矿薄膜质量的提升是BM-TU分子体钝化和界面分子传输桥连共同主导的。从图4c对20个PSCs参数的统计Box图可以明显看出,BM-TU钝化后各器件的光伏参数分布更加集中,与对照相比有明显改善。最终经过BM-TU修饰的PSCs表现出 23.51%的冠军PCE,均高于未修饰标准器件的各个相对应光伏参数(图4d)。同时冠军器件通过NPVM认证得到23.75%的效率(图4e),并在MPPT连续追踪300秒内具有23.46%的恒定PCE(图4f)。从图4g中得到的暗J-V特性可知,基于BM-TU修饰中较小的陷阱密度有利于抑制电荷复合,从而获得更高的V</span><span style="color: #595959;letter-spacing: 0.5px;text-indent: 0em;font-size: 10px;">OC</span><span style="color: #595959;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;text-indent: 0em;">输出和比标准器件更好的器件性能。图4h所示的Mott-Schottky图中,BM-TU修饰器件的V</span><span style="color: #595959;letter-spacing: 0.5px;text-indent: 0em;font-size: 10px;">bi</span><span style="color: #595959;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;text-indent: 0em;">(0.94 V)高于标准器件(0.88 V),说明BM-TU的修饰增加了器件的光生载流子解离的驱动力,有利于形成扩展耗尽区,有效抑制重组。由计算得出钙钛矿膜的平均寿命从未经改性的297.68 ns提高到BM-TU改性后的530.99 ns(图4i),更长的载流子寿命证明了BM-TU改性的良好钝化能力。</span></p><p style="text-align: center; margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px;"><img src="http://image.sciencenet.cn/home/202411/21/153500s2xaou0x210uu2mr.png" title="" alt="5.png"/></p><p style="text-align: center; margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px;"><span style="color: #888888; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.5px;">图4. 基于BM-TU修饰的钙钛矿薄膜的(a) 底界面SEM形貌图;(b) TOF-SIMS图;基于有/没有BM-TU修饰PSCs的(c) 光伏参数统计Box图;(d) 冠军器件的J-V曲线;经NPVM独立认证的BM-TU基冠军PSCs的(e) J-V曲线以及详细光伏参数值,(f) 最大功率点跟踪;基于有/没有BM-TU修饰PSCs的(g) 纯空穴的暗态J-V曲线, (h) Mott-Schottky图,(i) 基于有/没有BM-TU修饰的钙钛矿薄膜的TRPL光谱。</span></p><p style="text-align: justify; margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px;"><span style="color: #888888; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.5px;"></span></p><p style="text-align: justify; margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px;"><span style="color: #595959;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;text-indent: 0em;line-height: 22.5px;"><strong style="color: rgb(44, 75, 176);font-size: 16px;"><strong>V</strong></strong> <strong> 定制添加剂钝化在大面积组件的可扩展制备</strong></span></p><p style="text-align: justify; margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px;"><span style="color: #595959;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;text-indent: 0em;line-height: 22.5px;">作者制备了10 cm×10 cm的钙钛矿太阳能组件(PSM)来验证BM-TU引入策略的可扩展性。图5a为基于有/没有BM-TU修饰PSMs的光伏性能,经 BM-TU修饰过的冠军PSM的PCE为20.18%,V</span><span style="color: #595959;letter-spacing: 0.5px;text-indent: 0em;font-size: 10px;">OC</span><span style="color: #595959;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;text-indent: 0em;line-height: 22.5px;">为14.91 V, I</span><span style="color: #595959;letter-spacing: 0.5px;text-indent: 0em;font-size: 10px;">SC</span><span style="color: #595959;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;text-indent: 0em;line-height: 22.5px;">为102.18 mA, FF 为80.61%。该结果均优于基于标准器件的各项光伏参数,即PCE=18.58%,V</span><span style="color: #595959;letter-spacing: 0.5px;text-indent: 0em;font-size: 10px;">OC</span><span style="color: #595959;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;text-indent: 0em;line-height: 22.5px;">=14.39 V, I</span><span style="color: #595959;letter-spacing: 0.5px;text-indent: 0em;font-size: 10px;">SC</span><span style="color: #595959;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;text-indent: 0em;line-height: 22.5px;">=98.92 mA, FF=79.38%。图5b给出了PSM在连续300 s内的SPO追踪,基于有/没有BM-TU修饰PSM的平稳连续输出PCE分别为19.35%和17.70%,最佳工作电压分别为11.85 V和11.35 V。插图展示了基于BM-TU修饰的PSM的激光划刻显微镜图像,其中经P1, P2, P3累积的死区总宽度为142.69 μm,计算得到PSM的几何填充系数(GFF)为97.62%,较大的GFF证实了设计的激光划线技术的先进性。同时作者总结了近年来报道的基于刮涂法制备大面积模组的代表性工作(图5c),且证实该工作是基于刮涂法,超过50 cm²的大面积PSM的最高PCE之一。同时,基于BM-TU的PSM在环境空气中具有显著的连续运行稳定性(图5d)。在连续1000 h的光照MPPT追踪下,基于BM-TU的PSM仍能保持初始效率的90%以上。相比之下,没有BM-TU修饰的PSM在运行1000小时后会下降到初始PCE的40%以下。这说明底界面孔洞的消除提升了PSM的连续光照运行稳定性,这一结果为满足IEC61215要求提供了潜力和机会。</span></p><p style="text-align: center; margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px;"><img src="http://image.sciencenet.cn/home/202411/21/153507tf1lvh0vqzvkxx2l.png" title="" alt="6.png"/></p><p style="text-align: center; margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px;"><span style="color: #888888; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.5px;">图5. 基于有/没有BM-TU修饰PSMs的(a) 冠军器件的I-V曲线及详细参数;(b) 连续300 s内的SPO追踪(左侧插图为制备的PSM照片;右侧插图为PSM的P1、P2和P3划线的显微镜图像);(c) 已报道的刮涂法制备的不同面积的PSMs的效率总结;(d) 基于有/没有BM-TU修饰的PSMs在环境空气中的连续光照运行稳定性。</span></p><p style="text-align: justify; margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px;"><span style="color: #595959;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;text-indent: 0em;line-height: 22.5px;"><strong style="color: rgb(44, 75, 176);font-size: 16px;"><strong>V<strong>I</strong></strong></strong> <strong> 总结</strong></span></p><p style="text-align: justify; margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px;"><span style="color: #595959;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;text-indent: 0em;line-height: 22.5px;">研究发现相同TU添加剂在VQ和GQ法制备PSCs的光伏性能有显著差异,提出了生长动力学的多策略不匹配叠加可能是单一策略相互竞争结晶的原因,并进行了一项研究来推断结晶动力学过程。进而阐述了两种预结晶过程导致TU添加剂分布差异的结晶动力学机制。为了调控生长动力学导致的GQ法制备钙钛矿薄膜中埋底界面较差的问题,设计了具有锚定基团的硫脲衍生分子材料(BM-TU)并将其引入到钙钛矿的底界面层。BM-TU分子苯环上的π电子共轭增强了TU的给电子能力,进一步延缓底界面钙钛矿的结晶,另外甲氧基位点的引入可以与Al₂O₃自组装,从而使BM-TU在钙钛矿溶液沉积时不会大量溶解形成体掺杂。这些相互作用有助于在Al₂O₃和钙钛矿之间建立桥连结构,从而有助于改善界面接触,实现高效的载流子传输并减少电荷复合。最终,基于BM-TU冠军PSCs的认证效率为23.75%(0.0916 cm²),孔径面积为60.84 cm²的PSM的效率为20.18%,是报道最高的效率之一。未封装的器件表现出优异的85℃热稳定性和存储稳定性。同时PSM在环境空气中具有良好的连续光照运行稳定性,在连续1000 h的MPPT追踪下,仍能保持初始效率的90%以上。</span></p><p style="text-align: justify; margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px;"><span style="color: #888888; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.5px;"></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 24px; font-family: 微软雅黑, "><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">作者简介</strong></span></p><p style="text-align: justify; margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px;"><img src="http://image.sciencenet.cn/home/202411/21/153514it9io6jdyee0ey0j.png" title="" alt="7.png"/></p><p style="text-align: justify; margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px;"><strong><span style="font-family: ">刘冲</span></strong><strong style="color: rgb(89, 89, 89);font-size: 13px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: "><strong><span style="background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;letter-spacing: 0.4pt;line-height: 17.12px;"></span></strong></span></strong></p><p style="line-height: 1.5em; text-align: justify; margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: #595959;">本文通讯作者</span></p><p style="text-align: justify; margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px;"><strong style="color: rgb(89, 89, 89);font-family: "><span style="letter-spacing: 0.5px;background-color: #FFFFFF;">暨南大学 副研究员</span></strong></p><p style="text-align: justify; margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;color: #021EAA;">▍</span><strong style="color: rgb(89, 89, 89);font-family: "><strong>主要研究</strong>领域</strong></p><p style="text-align: justify; margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px;"><span style="background-color: #FFFFFF;color: #595959;font-family: ">主要从事新型钙钛矿太阳电池研发工作,涉及全无机钙钛矿太阳电池、大面积涂布和组件开发等领域。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.5em; text-align: justify; margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px;"><span style="font-family: ">▍</span><span style="color: #595959;font-family: "><strong>个人简介</strong></span></p><p style="text-align: justify; margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px;"><span style="color: #595959;font-family: ">暨南大学新能源技术研究院,副研究员。近五年,以第一作者或共同第一作者在J. Am. Chem. Soc., Adv. Mater., Adv. Energy. Mater., Nano Energy等期刊上发表十余篇学术论文,三篇文章入选ESI高被引论文,一篇文章入选ESI热点论文。主持国家级科研项目1项,省部级2项,横向项目1项。</span></p><p style="text-align: justify; margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px;"><span style="font-family: ">▍</span><span style="color: #595959;font-family: "><strong>Email:</strong></span><span style="color: #021EAA;"><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: ">chongliu@jnu.edu.cn</span></strong></span></p><p style="text-align: justify; margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px;"><img src="http://image.sciencenet.cn/home/202411/21/153521bspk4syhv554m4t7.png" title="" alt="8.png"/></p><p style="text-align: justify; margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px;"><strong><span style="font-family: ">麦耀华</span></strong><strong style="color: rgb(89, 89, 89);font-size: 13px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: "><strong><span style="background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;letter-spacing: 0.4pt;line-height: 17.12px;"></span></strong></span></strong></p><p style="line-height: 1.5em; text-align: justify; margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: #595959;">本文作者</span></p><p style="text-align: justify; margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px;"><strong style="color: rgb(89, 89, 89);font-family: "><span style="letter-spacing: 0.5px;background-color: #FFFFFF;">暨南大学 教授</span></strong></p><p style="text-align: justify; margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;color: #021EAA;">▍</span><strong style="color: rgb(89, 89, 89);font-family: "><strong>主要研究</strong>领域</strong></p><p style="text-align: justify; margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px;"><span style="background-color: #FFFFFF;color: #595959;font-family: ">长期从事硅基太阳电池、钙钛矿太阳电池、硫系薄膜太阳电池和锂电池等方向的研究和产业化工作。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.5em; text-align: justify; margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px;"><span style="font-family: ">▍</span><span style="color: #595959;font-family: "><strong>个人简介</strong></span></p><p style="text-align: justify; margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px;"><span style="color: #595959;font-family: ">暨南大学教授、博导、新能源技术研究院院长,脉络能源创始人。主持包括国家重点研发计划等省部级以上项目及横向项目20余项,在Adv. Mater., Nat. Common., J. Am. Chem. Soc., Adv. Energy. Mater., Energy Environ. Sci., ACS Energy Lett.等杂志上发表科研论文100余篇,获得较广泛的引用。获得授权专利50余项,其中发明专利25项,多项主导开发的新技术和产品在产业化中得到应用,带来新增产值数亿元。主持和参与多项国际和国家标准的编制。</span></p><p style="text-align: justify; margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px;"><span style="font-family: ">▍</span><span style="color: #595959;font-family: "><strong>Email:</strong></span><span style="color: #021EAA;"><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: ">yaohuamai@jnu.edu.cn</span></strong></span></p><p style="text-align: justify; margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px;"><span style="text-decoration-line: initial; background-color: white; color: #595959; font-family: "></span></p><p style="text-align: justify; margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px;"><span style="text-decoration-line: initial; background-color: white; color: #595959; font-family: "></span><span style="text-decoration-line: initial; background-color: white; color: #595959; font-family: ">撰稿</span><span style="text-decoration-line: initial; background-color: white; color: #595959; font-family: ">:原文作者</span></p><p style="text-align: justify; 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