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class="abbr" title="3">III</abbr></h1> <div class="tagline"> roi achéménide </div> </div> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Langue" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> Langue </a></li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Connexion&returnto=Artaxerx%C3%A8s+III&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button 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dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <div class="bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Homonymie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Homonymie"><img alt="Page d’aide sur l’homonymie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/20px-Logo_disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/30px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/40px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="375"></a> </div> <div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> Pour les articles homonymes, voir <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Artaxerxès">Artaxerxès</a>. </div> </div> <div class="bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote bandeau-unicode"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Unicode?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Unicode"><img alt="Page d’aide sur la police de caractères Unicode" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/OOjs_UI_icon_language-ltr.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_language-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/OOjs_UI_icon_language-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_language-ltr.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/OOjs_UI_icon_language-ltr.svg/40px-OOjs_UI_icon_language-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20"></a> </div> <div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> Cette page contient des caractères spéciaux ou non latins. S’ils s’affichent mal (▯, ?, <abbr class="abbr" title="et cetera">etc.</abbr>), consultez la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Unicode?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Unicode">page d’aide Unicode</a>. </div> </div> Artaxerxès <abbr class="abbr" title="3">III</abbr> Ochos (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/425_av._J.-C.?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="425 av. J.-C.">-425</a> – <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/338_av._J.-C.?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="338 av. J.-C.">-338</a>) (en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vieux_perse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vieux perse">vieux perse</a> 𐎠𐎼𐎫𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎠<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1">[1]</a> translittéré Artaxšaçā) est le onzième <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Empereur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empereur">empereur</a> de l’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ach%C3%A9m%C3%A9nides?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Achéménides">Empire achéménide</a> et le premier <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pharaon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pharaon">pharaon</a> de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/XXXIe_dynastie_%C3%A9gyptienne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="XXXIe dynastie égyptienne"><abbr class="abbr" title="Trente-et-unième">XXXIe</abbr> dynastie</a>. Il est le fils et successeur d’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_II?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artaxerxès II">Artaxerxès <abbr class="abbr" title="2">II</abbr></a> et a été remplacé par son fils, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ars%C3%A8s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arsès">Arsès</a> (aussi connu sous le nom d'Artaxerxès <abbr class="abbr" title="4">IV</abbr>). Son règne coïncide avec ceux de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Philippe_II_(roi_de_Mac%C3%A9doine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Philippe II (roi de Macédoine)">Philippe <abbr class="abbr" title="2">II</abbr></a> de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume_de_Mac%C3%A9doine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume de Macédoine">Macédoine</a> et du pharaon <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nectan%C3%A9bo_II?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nectanébo II">Nectanébo <abbr class="abbr" title="2">II</abbr></a> en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89gypte_antique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Égypte antique">Égypte</a>. <table class="infobox_v2 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive"> <tbody> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="entete defaut" style="background-color:#000080;color:#FFF;">Artaxerxès <abbr class="abbr" title="3">III</abbr> Ochos</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; line-height: 1.5em;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Artaxerxes_III_of_Persia.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Illustration." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Artaxerxes_III_of_Persia.jpg/220px-Artaxerxes_III_of_Persia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Artaxerxes_III_of_Persia.jpg/330px-Artaxerxes_III_of_Persia.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Artaxerxes_III_of_Persia.jpg/440px-Artaxerxes_III_of_Persia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="703" data-file-height="917"></a></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#000080; color:#FFF">Titre</th> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#BFC5F9; color:#000000"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grand_roi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grand roi">Grand roi</a> achéménide, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/XXXIe_dynastie_%C3%A9gyptienne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="XXXIe dynastie égyptienne"><abbr class="abbr" title="Trente-et-unième">XXXIe</abbr> dynastie</a> (seconde domination perse)</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><time class="nowrap date-lien" datetime="U-0357" data-sort-value="U-0357"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/358_av._J.-C.?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="358 av. J.-C.">358 <abbr class="abbr" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr></a></time> – <time class="nowrap date-lien" datetime="U-0337" data-sort-value="U-0337"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/338_av._J.-C.?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="338 av. J.-C.">338 <abbr class="abbr" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr></a></time> (20 ans)</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Prédécesseur</th> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_II?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artaxerxès II">Artaxerxès <abbr class="abbr" title="2">II</abbr></a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Successeur</th> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ars%C3%A8s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arsès">Arsès</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#BFC5F9; color:#000000"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pharaon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pharaon">Pharaon d'Égypte</a></th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><time class="nowrap date-lien" datetime="U-0342" data-sort-value="U-0342"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/343_av._J.-C.?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="343 av. J.-C.">343 <abbr class="abbr" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr></a></time> – <time class="nowrap date-lien" datetime="U-0337" data-sort-value="U-0337"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/338_av._J.-C.?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="338 av. J.-C.">338 <abbr class="abbr" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr></a></time> (5 ans)</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Prédécesseur</th> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nectan%C3%A9bo_II?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nectanébo II">Nectanébo <abbr class="abbr" title="2">II</abbr></a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Successeur</th> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ars%C3%A8s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arsès">Arsès</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Khababash?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Khababash">Khababash</a> (Pharaon dissident)</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#000080; color:#FFF">Biographie</th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Dynastie</th> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ach%C3%A9m%C3%A9nides?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Achéménides">Achéménides</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/XXXIe_dynastie_%C3%A9gyptienne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="XXXIe dynastie égyptienne"><abbr class="abbr" title="Trente-et-unième">XXXIe</abbr> dynastie</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Date de naissance</th> <td><time class="nowrap date-lien bday" datetime="U-0424" data-sort-value="U-0424"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/425_av._J.-C.?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="425 av. J.-C.">425 <abbr class="abbr" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr></a></time></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Date de décès</th> <td><time class="nowrap date-lien dday" datetime="U-0337" data-sort-value="U-0337"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/338_av._J.-C.?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="338 av. J.-C.">338 <abbr class="abbr" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr></a></time></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Père</th> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_II?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artaxerxès II">Artaxerxès <abbr class="abbr" title="2">II</abbr></a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Mère</th> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stateira_(%C3%A9pouse_d%27Artaxerx%C3%A8s_II)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stateira (épouse d'Artaxerxès II)">Stateira</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Conjoint</th> <td>Atossa</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Enfants</th> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ars%C3%A8s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arsès">Arsès</a> Bisthanes <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parysatis_(fille_d%27Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parysatis (fille d'Artaxerxès III)">Parysatis</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px #000080 solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; color: inherit; text-align: right;"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DArtaxerx%25C3%25A8s_III%26action%3Dedit%26section%3D0">modifier</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Infobox_Personnalit%C3%A9_politique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Consultez la documentation du modèle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> Avant de monter sur le trône, Artaxerxès est <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Satrape?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Satrape">satrape</a> et commandant de l'armée de son père. Il arrive au pouvoir après la mort de ses frères aînés et de son père <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_II?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artaxerxès II">Artaxerxès <abbr class="abbr" title="2">II</abbr></a> à l'âge de quatre-vingt-six ans. Peu de temps après son avènement, Artaxerxès assassine toute sa famille pour garantir son pouvoir. Il lance deux grandes campagnes contre l'Égypte. La première échoue et est suivie par des rébellions dans tout l’ouest de l'empire. En -343, Artaxerxès défait <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nectan%C3%A9bo_II?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nectanébo II">Nectanébo <abbr class="abbr" title="2">II</abbr></a> et mate une révolte en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ph%C3%A9nicie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Phénicie">Phénicie</a>. Pendant les dernières années de son règne, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Philippe_II_(roi_de_Mac%C3%A9doine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Philippe II (roi de Macédoine)">Philippe <abbr class="abbr" title="2">II</abbr> de Macédoine</a>, de plus en plus puissant en Grèce, tente de pousser à la révolte les cités grecques sous domination perse. Artaxerxès l’en empêche et protège la ville de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marmaraere%C4%9Flisi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marmaraereğlisi">Périnthe</a> contre un siège macédonien. Il entreprend des travaux à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pers%C3%A9polis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Persépolis">Persépolis</a>, où il érige un nouveau palais et construit son propre tombeau. Selon <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Diodore_de_Sicile?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Diodore de Sicile">Diodore de Sicile</a>, Artaxerxès est empoisonné par <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bagoas_(favori_d%27Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bagoas (favori d'Artaxerxès III)">Bagoas</a>, mais une tablette cunéiforme conservée au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/British_Museum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="British Museum">British Museum</a> suggère que le roi est mort de causes naturelles<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2">[2]</a>. <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="fr" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Sommaire</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#G%C3%A9n%C3%A9alogie">1 Généalogie</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Nom">2 Nom</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#R%C3%A8gne">3 Règne</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Jeunesse_et_accession_au_tr%C3%B4ne">3.1 Jeunesse et accession au trône</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Premi%C3%A8re_campagne_%C3%A9gyptienne">3.2 Première campagne égyptienne</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#R%C3%A9bellion_de_Chypre_et_de_Sidon">3.3 Rébellion de Chypre et de Sidon</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Deuxi%C3%A8me_campagne_%C3%A9gyptienne">3.4 Deuxième campagne égyptienne</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Les_derni%C3%A8res_ann%C3%A9es">3.5 Les dernières années</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Culture">4 Culture</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Notes_et_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rences">5 Notes et références</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Voir_aussi">6 Voir aussi</a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <h2 id="Généalogie">Généalogie</h2> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Généalogie" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> modifier </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe"> Voir l’article annexe : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arbre_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9alogique_des_Ach%C3%A9m%C3%A9nides?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arbre généalogique des Achéménides">Arbre généalogique des Achéménides</a>. </div> </div> Artaxerxès <abbr class="abbr" title="3">III</abbr> est le fils d’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_II?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artaxerxès II">Artaxerxès <abbr class="abbr" title="2">II</abbr></a> et Statira. Artaxerxès <abbr class="abbr" title="2">II</abbr> eut plus de cent-quinze fils par de nombreuses femmes, la plupart illégitimes. Les frères et sœurs les plus notables d'Artaxerxès <abbr class="abbr" title="3">III</abbr> sont Rodogune, Apama, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sisygambis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sisygambis">Sisygambis</a>, Ocha, Darius et Ariaspes. La plupart d'entre eux sont assassinés peu après son avènement<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-conspiracy-3">[3]</a>. Artaxerxès épouse sa nièce <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Atossa_II&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Atossa II (page inexistante)">Atossa <abbr class="abbr" title="2">II</abbr></a>, la fille d’Oxathres, frère du futur roi <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Darius_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Darius III">Darius <abbr class="abbr" title="3">III</abbr></a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-4">[4]</a>. Il a pour enfants <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ars%C3%A8s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arsès">Arsès</a>, futur roi de Perse, Bisthanes, et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parysatis_(fille_d%27Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parysatis (fille d'Artaxerxès III)">Parysatis</a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Ochus-5">[5]</a>. </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <h2 id="Nom">Nom</h2> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Nom" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> modifier </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> Ochus est le nom d'Artaxerxès avant de monter sur le trône, et Artaxerxès <abbr class="abbr" title="3">III</abbr> (en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vieux_perse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vieux perse">vieux perse</a> 𐎠𐎼𐎫𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎠, Artaxšaçrā, « celui dont l'empire est bien équipé » ou « opposable » ou Ata : « honoré » + Xerxès : « un roi » (le roi honoré) et selon <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/H%C3%A9rodote?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hérodote">Hérodote</a> « le grand guerrier »<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-name-6">[6]</a>,<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-name2-7">[7]</a>) est celui adopté par Ochus quand il succède à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_II?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artaxerxès II">son père</a> en -358. Il est généralement dénommé Ochus, mais en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Iran?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Iran">Iran</a> il est connu comme Ardeshir <abbr class="abbr" title="3">III</abbr> (en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Persan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Persan">persan</a> اردشیر سوم). Sur les inscriptions babyloniennes, il est appelé « Umasu, qui est appelé Artakshatsu ». La même forme du nom (probablement prononcée Uvasu) est présentée dans la version syrienne de la liste des rois de Elie de Nisibe<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-name-6">[6]</a>. </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <h2 id="Règne">Règne</h2> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Règne" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> modifier </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Jeunesse_et_accession_au_trône">Jeunesse et accession au trône</h3> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Jeunesse et accession au trône" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> modifier </a> </div> Avant de monter sur le trône Artaxerxès avait été <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Satrape?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Satrape">satrape</a> et commandant de l'armée de son père<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-pop-8">[8]</a>. En -359, juste avant de monter sur le trône, il attaque l'Égypte en réaction à des tentatives de raids sur les régions côtières de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ph%C3%A9nicie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Phénicie">Phénicie</a> en -358<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Judah-9">[9]</a>. Son père, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_II?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artaxerxès II">Artaxerxès <abbr class="abbr" title="2">II</abbr></a>, décède à l'âge de quatre-vingt-six ans, apparemment en raison du comportement de ses enfants, et, comme ses autres fils, Darius, Ariaspes et Arsamès avaient déjà été assassinés, Artaxerxès <abbr class="abbr" title="3">III</abbr> lui succède<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-10">[10]</a>. Il commence par faire exécuter plus de quatre-vingt de ses plus proches parents pour assurer son pouvoir<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Lempri%C3%A8re-11">[11]</a>. En -355, Artaxerxès force <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Histoire_d%27Ath%C3%A8nes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#L'Ath%C3%A8nes_classique" title="Histoire d'Athènes">Athènes</a> à conclure une paix qui obligeait la ville à quitter l’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anatolie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anatolie">Asie Mineure</a> et à reconnaître l'indépendance de ses alliés rebelles<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-12">[12]</a>. Artaxerxès mène une campagne contre les rebelles <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Cadusiens&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Cadusiens (page inexistante)">cadusiens</a> mais réussit à réunir les deux rois. Darius Codoman, qui occupa par la suite le trône de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Darius_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Darius III">Darius <abbr class="abbr" title="3">III</abbr></a> s’est particulièrement illustré durant cette campagne. Il ordonne ensuite la dissolution de toutes les armées des satrapes d'Asie mineure car il estimait qu'elles ne pouvaient plus conserver la paix à l'ouest et qu’elles donnaient les moyens de se révolter<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-PersianArmy-13">[13]</a>. Cet ordre est toutefois ignoré par <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artabaze_(satrape)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artabaze (satrape)">Artabaze</a>, satrape de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lydie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lydie">Lydie</a>, qui demande l'aide d'Athènes dans sa rébellion contre le roi. Athènes envoie de l'aide à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sardes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sardes">Sardes</a>. <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oront%C3%A8s_Ier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Orontès Ier">Oronte</a>, satrape d’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arm%C3%A9nie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arménie">Arménie</a>, rejoint également Artabaze et leurs forces battent celle d’Artaxerxès en -354. Cependant, en -353, les satrapes sont défaits et dispersés. Oronte est gracié par le roi tandis qu’Artabaze se réfugie à la cour de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Philippe_II_(roi_de_Mac%C3%A9doine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Philippe II (roi de Macédoine)">Philippe <abbr class="abbr" title="2">II</abbr></a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Première_campagne_égyptienne">Première campagne égyptienne</h3> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Première campagne égyptienne" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> modifier </a> </div> Vers -351, Artaxerxès lance une campagne visant à reprendre l'Égypte, qui s'était révoltée sous son père, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_II?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artaxerxès II">Artaxerxès <abbr class="abbr" title="2">II</abbr></a>. En même temps, une rébellion éclate en Asie Mineure, qui, étant appuyée par <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Th%C3%A8bes_(Gr%C3%A8ce)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Thèbes (Grèce)">Thèbes</a>, menace de devenir sérieuse<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Ochus-5">[5]</a>. Levant une grande armée, Artaxerxès entre en Égypte. Après une année de lutte contre le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pharaon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pharaon">pharaon</a> égyptien <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nectan%C3%A9bo_II?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nectanébo II">Nectanébo <abbr class="abbr" title="2">II</abbr></a>, ce dernier, aidé des généraux grecs Diophante et Lamius inflige une cuisante défaite aux Perses<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-14">[14]</a>. Artaxerxès est contraint de se retirer et d’annuler son entreprise. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Rébellion_de_Chypre_et_de_Sidon">Rébellion de Chypre et de Sidon</h3> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Rébellion de Chypre et de Sidon" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> modifier </a> </div> Peu après cette défaite, les dirigeants de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ph%C3%A9nicie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Phénicie">Phénicie</a>, d’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anatolie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anatolie">Asie Mineure</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chypre_(%C3%AEle)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chypre (île)">Chypre</a> déclarent leur indépendance. En -343, Artaxerxès confie la répression de la rébellion de Chypre à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Idrieus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Idrieus">Idrieus</a>, prince de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Carie_(Antiquit%C3%A9)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Carie (Antiquité)">Carie</a>, qui y engage 8 000 mercenaires grecs et quarante <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tri%C3%A8re?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Trière">trirèmes</a> commandés par <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Phocion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Phocion">Phocion</a> et Évagoras fils d’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89vagoras?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Évagoras">Évagoras</a>, roi de Chypre<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-15">[15]</a>,<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Persianempire-16">[16]</a>. Idrieus réussit à reprendre Chypre. Artaxerxès lance une contre-offensive contre <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sidon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sidon">Sidon</a> nommant Belesys, satrape de la Syrie, et Mezseus, satrape de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cilicie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cilicie">Cilicie</a>, pour envahir la ville et tenir les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ph%C3%A9nicie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Phénicie">Phéniciens</a> en échec. Tous deux subissent des défaites écrasantes par Ténès, roi de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sidon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sidon">Sidon</a>, aidé par 40 000 mercenaires grecs envoyés par <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nectan%C3%A9bo_II?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nectanébo II">Nectanébo <abbr class="abbr" title="2">II</abbr></a> et commandés par <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mentor_de_Rhodes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mentor de Rhodes">Mentor de Rhodes</a>. Les Perses sont chassés de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ph%C3%A9nicie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Phénicie">Phénicie</a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Persianempire-16">[16]</a>. Après cela, Artaxerxès lève une armée de 330 000 hommes, dont 300 000 soldats à pied, 30 000 <abbr class="abbr" title="cavaliers"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cavaliers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cavaliers">cavaliers</a></abbr>, 300 trirèmes et 500 navires de transport. Il demande de l’aide aux cités grecques ; <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ath%C3%A8nes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Athènes">Athènes</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sparte?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sparte">Sparte</a> refusent mais il obtient mille <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hoplite?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hoplite">hoplites</a> thébains sous le commandement de Lacrates, trois mille <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Argos_(ville)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Argos (ville)">Argiens</a> sous celui de Nicostrate, et six mille <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89oliens?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Éoliens">Éoliens</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ionie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ionie">Ioniens</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doriens?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Doriens">Doriens</a> des cités grecques d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anatolie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anatolie">Asie Mineure</a>. Cette aide est faible à cause de son petit nombre, pas plus de dix mille hommes et moins du trentième de ses troupes, mais elle forme, avec les mercenaires grecs de l'Égypte qui sont allés avec lui par la suite, les forces dans laquelle il place toute sa confiance et auxquelles le succès final de son expédition est principalement dû. L'approche d'Artaxerxès fait peur à Ténès, qui tente d'acheter son propre pardon en livrant une centaine des principaux citoyens de Saïda entre les mains du roi de Perse, puis l'admettre dans les défenses de la ville. Artaxerxès condamne une centaine de citoyens à être transpercés de javelots, et quand cinq-cents autres citoyens supplient sa miséricorde, il les condamne au même sort. Sidon est ensuite brûlée, soit par Artaxerxès soit par les citoyens de Sidon. Quarante mille personnes meurent dans l'incendie<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Persianempire-16">[16]</a>. Artaxerxès vend ensuite les ruines à des spéculateurs à un prix très élevé lesquels ont espéré se rembourser grâce aux trésors qu’ils pourraient découvrir dans les ruines<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-17">[17]</a>. Ténès est ensuite mis à mort par Artaxerxès<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Lovetoknow-18">[18]</a>. Plus tard, il fait déplacer les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Juifs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Juifs">Juifs</a> qui avaient soutenu la révolte de l’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hyrcanie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hyrcanie">Hyrcanie</a> sur la côte sud de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mer_Caspienne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mer Caspienne">mer Caspienne</a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-19">[19]</a>,<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-20">[20]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Deuxième_campagne_égyptienne">Deuxième campagne égyptienne</h3> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Deuxième campagne égyptienne" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> modifier </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:NectaneboII-StatueHead_MuseumOfFineArtsBoston.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/NectaneboII-StatueHead_MuseumOfFineArtsBoston.png/110px-NectaneboII-StatueHead_MuseumOfFineArtsBoston.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="173" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1071" data-file-height="1681"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 110px;height: 173px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/NectaneboII-StatueHead_MuseumOfFineArtsBoston.png/110px-NectaneboII-StatueHead_MuseumOfFineArtsBoston.png" data-width="110" data-height="173" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/NectaneboII-StatueHead_MuseumOfFineArtsBoston.png/165px-NectaneboII-StatueHead_MuseumOfFineArtsBoston.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/NectaneboII-StatueHead_MuseumOfFineArtsBoston.png/220px-NectaneboII-StatueHead_MuseumOfFineArtsBoston.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Tête en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Granodiorite?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Granodiorite">granodiorite</a> du pharaon <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nectan%C3%A9bo_II?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nectanébo II">Nectanébo <abbr class="abbr" title="2">II</abbr></a>. </figcaption> </figure> La prise de Sidon précède de peu l'invasion de l'Égypte. En -343, Artaxerxès, outre ses 330 000 Asiatiques, avait maintenant 14 000 Grecs fournis par les cités grecques d'Asie Mineure, 4 000 de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mentor_de_Rhodes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mentor de Rhodes">Mentor de Rhodes</a>, 3 000 envoyés par Argos, et 1 000 de Thèbes. Il divise son armée en trois corps, commandés chacun conjointement par un Perse et un Grec. Les commandants grecs sont Lacrates de Thèbes, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mentor_de_Rhodes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mentor de Rhodes">Mentor de Rhodes</a> et Nicostrate d'Argos tandis que les Perses sont Rhossaces, Aristazanes et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bagoas_(favori_d%27Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bagoas (favori d'Artaxerxès III)">Bagoas</a>, chef des eunuques. <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nectan%C3%A9bo_II?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nectanébo II">Nectanébo <abbr class="abbr" title="2">II</abbr></a> résiste avec une armée de 100 000 hommes dont 20 000 mercenaires grecs. <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nectan%C3%A9bo_II?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nectanébo II">Nectanébo <abbr class="abbr" title="2">II</abbr></a> possède en outre une marine nombreuse disposée dans le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Delta_du_Nil?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Delta du Nil">delta du Nil</a>. Le caractère du pays, entrecoupé de nombreux canaux et parsemé de villes fortifiées, est en sa faveur, et il aurait pu s'attendre à pouvoir résister longtemps<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Persianempire-16">[16]</a>. Après sa défaite, Nectanébo s'enfuit précipitamment à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Memphis_(%C3%89gypte)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Memphis (Égypte)">Memphis</a>, laissant les villes fortifiées à la défense de leurs garnisons composées de Grecs et d’Égyptiens entre lesquels les généraux perses sèment la suspicion et la jalousie. Par ces moyens, les Perses prennent rapidement les villes secondaires de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Basse-%C3%89gypte?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Basse-Égypte">Basse-Égypte</a>, et s'avancent vers Memphis, quand Nectanébo quitte le pays et fuit en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89thiopie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Éthiopie">Éthiopie</a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Persianempire-16">[16]</a>. L'armée perse met complètement en déroute les Égyptiens et occupe le bas delta du Nil. L’ensemble de l'Égypte se soumet à Artaxerxès et les Juifs du territoire sont envoyés sur la côte sud de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mer_Caspienne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mer Caspienne">mer Caspienne</a> et à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Babylone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Babylone">Babylone</a>. Après cette victoire, Artaxerxès détruit les murs des villes, fait régner la terreur et entreprend de piller tous les temples. Mis à part ce pillage immédiat, Artaxerxès augmente les impôts déjà élevés et tente d'affaiblir l’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89gypte_antique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Égypte antique">Égypte</a> afin qu'elle ne puisse plus jamais se révolter contre la Perse. Dix ans après, la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Religion_de_l%27%C3%89gypte_antique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Religion de l'Égypte antique">religion égyptienne</a> est persécutée et les livres sacrés volés<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Egyptloot-21">[21]</a>. Pour ces raisons, les égyptiens finirent par surnommer Artaxerxès d'âne<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-22">[22]</a>. Avant son retour en Perse, il nomme enfin Pherendares satrape d'Égypte. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Les_dernières_années">Les dernières années</h3> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Les dernières années" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> modifier </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Achaemenid_Empire-ArtaxerxesIII_conquest.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bf/Achaemenid_Empire-ArtaxerxesIII_conquest.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="165"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 165px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bf/Achaemenid_Empire-ArtaxerxesIII_conquest.png" data-width="250" data-height="165" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> L’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ach%C3%A9m%C3%A9nides?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Achéménides">Empire perse</a> au début du règne d'Artaxerxès <abbr class="abbr" title="3">III</abbr> (en vert) et les conquêtes de celui-ci (en gris foncé). </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Persepolis_-_Tomb_of_Artaxerxes_III_01.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Persepolis_-_Tomb_of_Artaxerxes_III_01.jpg/220px-Persepolis_-_Tomb_of_Artaxerxes_III_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4037" data-file-height="2691"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Persepolis_-_Tomb_of_Artaxerxes_III_01.jpg/220px-Persepolis_-_Tomb_of_Artaxerxes_III_01.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Persepolis_-_Tomb_of_Artaxerxes_III_01.jpg/330px-Persepolis_-_Tomb_of_Artaxerxes_III_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Persepolis_-_Tomb_of_Artaxerxes_III_01.jpg/440px-Persepolis_-_Tomb_of_Artaxerxes_III_01.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Tombe d'Artaxerxès <abbr class="abbr" title="3">III</abbr> à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pers%C3%A9polis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Persépolis">Persépolis</a>. </figcaption> </figure> Après son succès en Égypte, Artaxerxès retourne en Perse et passe les quelques années suivantes à réprimer efficacement des insurrections dans diverses parties de l'Empire. L’Égypte est intégrée à l’Empire perse jusqu'à la conquête d’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alexandre_le_Grand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alexandre le Grand">Alexandre le Grand</a>. Après la conquête de l'Égypte, il n'y a plus de révoltes ou rébellions contre Artaxerxès. Mentor et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bagoas_(favori_d%27Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bagoas (favori d'Artaxerxès III)">Bagoas</a>, les deux généraux qui s'étaient le plus distingués dans la campagne d'Égypte, accèdent à des postes de la plus haute importance. Mentor, qui était gouverneur de l'ensemble du littoral asiatique, s'emploie avec succès à soumettre les nombreux chefs qui, durant les troubles récents ont exercé une autorité indépendante, et au bout de quelques années, obtient une soumission totale sur l’ensemble de cette côte. Bagoas, venu dans la capitale avec Artaxerxès, devient le personnage principal dans l'administration interne, et maintient la tranquillité dans le reste de l'Empire. Durant les six dernières années du règne d'Artaxerxès, l'empire perse est gouverné par un gouvernement vigoureux et prospère<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Persianempire-16">[16]</a>. Les Perses recouvrent en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ionie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ionie">Ionie</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lycie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lycie">Lycie</a> leur contrôle sur la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mer_%C3%89g%C3%A9e?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mer Égée">mer Égée</a>, la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mer_M%C3%A9diterran%C3%A9e?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mer Méditerranée">mer Méditerranée</a> et une grande partie des îles athéniennes. <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Isocrate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Isocrate">Isocrate</a> d'Athènes appela à une « croisade contre les barbares », mais les cités-États grecques ne purent répondre à son appel<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-conspiracy-3">[3]</a>. En -341, Artaxerxès retourne à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Babylone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Babylone">Babylone</a>, où il procède à la construction d'un grand <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Apadana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Apadana">Apadana</a> dont la description est présente dans la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_historique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bibliothèque historique">Bibliothèque historique</a> de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Diodore_de_Sicile?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Diodore de Sicile">Diodore de Sicile</a>. Bien qu’il n'y avait pas de rébellions à l’intérieur de l'Empire perse, la montée en puissance et le territoire de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Philippe_II_(roi_de_Mac%C3%A9doine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Philippe II (roi de Macédoine)">Philippe <abbr class="abbr" title="2">II</abbr> de Macédoine</a>, contre laquelle <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D%C3%A9mosth%C3%A8ne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Démosthène">Démosthène</a> tenta en vain d'alerter les Athéniens, attire l'attention d'Artaxerxès qui ordonne que tous les moyens soit utilisée pour limiter cette expansion. Ainsi il fait exécuter <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hermias_d%27Atarn%C3%A9e?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hermias d'Atarnée">Hermias</a>, tyran d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Atarn%C3%A9e?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Atarnée">Atarnée</a> et ami d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aristote?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aristote">Aristote</a>, qui a pris le parti de Philippe<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-23">[23]</a>. En -340, il envoie des troupes aider le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liste_des_rois_de_Thrace?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liste des rois de Thrace">prince thrace</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kersoblept%C3%A8s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kersobleptès">Kersobleptès</a> afin qu’il conserve son indépendance et la ville de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marmaraere%C4%9Flisi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marmaraereğlisi">Périnthe</a>, contraignant les Macédoniens à lever le siège contre la ville<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Persianempire-16">[16]</a>. La dernière année du règne d’Artaxerxès, Philippe <abbr class="abbr" title="2">II</abbr> projette une invasion de l'Empire perse, mais les Grecs ne s'unissent pas à lui<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-24">[24]</a>. Artaxerxès est empoisonné en -338 par Bagoas avec l'assistance d'un médecin<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-25">[25]</a>. </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Culture" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> modifier </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Faravahar.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Faravahar.svg/220px-Faravahar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="118" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 118px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Faravahar.svg/220px-Faravahar.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="118" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Faravahar.svg/330px-Faravahar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Faravahar.svg/440px-Faravahar.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Représentation de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zoroastre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zoroastre">Zoroastre</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Persepolis_Taureaux.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Persepolis_Taureaux.jpg/220px-Persepolis_Taureaux.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1710" data-file-height="1110"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 143px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Persepolis_Taureaux.jpg/220px-Persepolis_Taureaux.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="143" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Persepolis_Taureaux.jpg/330px-Persepolis_Taureaux.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Persepolis_Taureaux.jpg/440px-Persepolis_Taureaux.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> La porte inachevée de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pers%C3%A9polis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Persépolis">Persépolis</a>. </figcaption> </figure> Historiquement, les rois de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ach%C3%A9m%C3%A9nides?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Achéménides">Empire achéménide</a> furent adeptes du culte <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zoroastrisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zoroastrisme">zoroastrien</a> ou fortement influencés par l'idéologie zoroastrienne. Le règne d’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_II?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artaxerxès II">Artaxerxès <abbr class="abbr" title="2">II</abbr></a> a vu un renouveau du culte de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mithra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mithra">Mithra</a> et d’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anahita?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anahita">Anahita</a> comme le montrent les inscriptions de ses bâtiments où il les invoque avec <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ahura_Mazda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ahura Mazda">Ahura Mazda</a>, et même les statues élevées en leur honneur<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-26">[26]</a>. Mithra et Anahita avaient été jusque-là négligés par les vrais zoroastriens, parce qu'ils avaient défié le commandement de Zoroastre, à savoir que Dieu ne devait être représenté que par les flammes d'un feu sacré<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Lovetoknow-18">[18]</a>,<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-27">[27]</a>. Artaxerxès <abbr class="abbr" title="3">III</abbr> est considéré comme ayant rejeté Anahita et adoré seulement Ahura Mazda et Mithra<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-28">[28]</a>. Une ambiguïté dans l'écriture cunéiforme d'une inscription d'Artaxerxès à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pers%C3%A9polis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Persépolis">Persépolis</a> laisse à penser qu'il considérait que le père et le fils n’étaient qu’une seule personne, ce qui suggère que les attributs d'Ahura Mazda ont été transférés à Mithra. Étrangement, Artaxerxès fit ériger des statues de la déesse <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anahita?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anahita">Anahita</a> à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Babylone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Babylone">Babylone</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Damas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Damas">Damas</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sardes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sardes">Sardes</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Suse_(Iran)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Suse (Iran)">Suse</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ecbatane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ecbatane">Ecbatane</a>, et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pers%C3%A9polis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Persépolis">Persépolis</a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-29">[29]</a>. Alors qu’Artaxerxès était en Égypte, il fit frapper un grand nombre de pièces d’argent imitées de pièces de monnaie athéniennes. Les pièces d'Artaxerxès sont reconnaissables car son nom figure au verso avec une inscription égyptienne : « Artaxerxès Pharaon. Vie, prospérité, richesse »<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-30">[30]</a>. Le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Livre_de_Judith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Livre de Judith">livre de Judith</a> est souvent considéré comme ayant été initialement basé sur la campagne d'Artaxerxès en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ph%C3%A9nicie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Phénicie">Phénicie</a>, car <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Holopherne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Holopherne">Holopherne</a> est le nom du frère du satrape de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cappadoce?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cappadoce">Cappadoce</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ariarathe_Ier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ariarathe Ier">Ariarathe</a>, vassal d'Artaxerxès. Bagoas, le général qui constata la mort d’Holopherne était l'un des généraux d'Artaxerxès pendant ses campagnes en Phénicie et en Égypte<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-31">[31]</a>,<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-32">[32]</a>. Il existe des preuves d'une politique de constructions à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pers%C3%A9polis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Persépolis">Persépolis</a> sous son règne mais elles furent dans l’ensemble inachevées à cause de sa mort prématurée. Les deux constructions à Persépolis furent la salle des trente-deux colonnes dont l’usage est inconnue, et le palais d'Artaxerxès <abbr class="abbr" title="3">III</abbr>. L’allée des processions et la porte inachevée, qui relient la porte de toutes nations à la salle des cent colonnes, donnent aux archéologues un aperçu de ses constructions à Persépolis<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Ochus-5">[5]</a>. Sa tombe fut taillée dans la montagne derrière la plate-forme de Persépolis, à côté de celle de son <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_II?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artaxerxès II">père</a>. Le palais de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nabuchodonosor_II?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nabuchodonosor II">Nabuchodonosor <abbr class="abbr" title="2">II</abbr></a> à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Babylone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Babylone">Babylone</a> a été agrandi pendant le règne d'Artaxerxès <abbr class="abbr" title="3">III</abbr><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Babylonpalace-33">[33]</a>. </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <h2 id="Notes_et_références">Notes et références</h2> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III&action=edit&section=10&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> modifier </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <div style="font-size:85%; padding-left:1.6em; margin:0.3em 0;"> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Cet article est partiellement ou en totalité issu de l’article de Wikipédia en anglais intitulé « <a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artaxerxes_III?oldid%3D334609427">Artaxerxes III</a> » (<a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artaxerxes_III?action%3Dhistory">voir la liste des auteurs</a>). </div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">↑</a> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : persan">(fa)</abbr> RM Ghias Abadi, <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="fa" dir="rtl">Achaemenid Inscriptions (کتیبه‌های هخامنشی)</cite>, Téhéran, Shiraz Publications Navid,‎ <time>2004</time>, 225 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-964-35-8015-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-964-35-8015-5">978-964-35-8015-5</a>), <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 144<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Achaemenid+Inscriptions+%28%DA%A9%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A8%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C+%D9%87%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B4%DB%8C%29&rft.place=T%C3%A9h%C3%A9ran&rft.pub=Shiraz+Publications+Navid&rft.aulast=Ghias+Abadi&rft.aufirst=RM&rft.date=2004&rft.pages=144&rft.tpages=225&rft.isbn=978-964-35-8015-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AArtaxerx%C3%A8s+III">.</li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2">↑</a> Jona Lendering, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.livius.org/arl-arz/artaxerxes/artaxerxes_iv.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Artaxerxes <abbr class="abbr" title="4">IV</abbr> Arses</cite></a> » (consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2008-06-08" data-sort-value="2008-06-08">8 juin 2008</time>).</li> <li id="cite_note-conspiracy-3">↑ <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-conspiracy_3-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-conspiracy_3-1">b</a> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.iranologie.com/history/Achaemenid/chapter%2520V.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Chapter <abbr class="abbr" title="5">V</abbr>: Temporary Relief</cite></a> » (consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2008-03-01" data-sort-value="2008-03-01"><abbr class="abbr" title="premier">1er</abbr> mars 2008</time>).</li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-4">↑</a> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Maria Brosius, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Women in Ancient Persia, 559-331 BC</cite>, Oxford, Oxford University Press, <time>1996</time>, 258 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-19-815255-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-19-815255-2">978-0-19-815255-2</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39003582w.public">39003582</a>), <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 67<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women+in+Ancient+Persia%2C+559-331+BC&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.aulast=Brosius&rft.aufirst=Maria&rft.date=1996&rft.pages=67&rft.tpages=258&rft.isbn=978-0-19-815255-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AArtaxerx%C3%A8s+III">.</li> <li id="cite_note-Ochus-5">↑ <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Ochus_5-0">a</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Ochus_5-1">b</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Ochus_5-2">c</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://persianempire.info/ArtaxerxesIII.htm">Artaxerxes <abbr class="abbr" title="3">III</abbr> PersianEmpire.info History of the Persian Empire</a>.</li> <li id="cite_note-name-6">↑ <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-name_6-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-name_6-1">b</a> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/ARN_AUD/ARTAXERXES.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Artaxerxes</cite></a> » (consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2008-03-11" data-sort-value="2008-03-11">11 mars 2008</time>).</li> <li id="cite_note-name2-7"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-name2_7-0">↑</a> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> William Smith, <cite class="italique" lang="en"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dictionary_of_Greek_and_Roman_Biography_and_Mythology?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology">Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology</a></cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 1, Boston: Little, Brown, and Company, <time>1867</time> (<abbr class="abbr" title="première">1re</abbr> <abbr class="abbr" title="édition">éd.</abbr> 1842), « Artaxerxès », <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 371<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Greek+and+Roman+Biography+and+Mythology&rft.atitle=Artaxerx%C3%A8s&rft.pub=Boston%3A+Little%2C+Brown%2C+and+Company&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=1867&rft.volume=1&rft.pages=371&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AArtaxerx%C3%A8s+III"> : <blockquote> « Arta:"honoured"+Xerxes:"a king" ("the honoured king"), according to Herodotus "the great warrior". » </blockquote></li> <li id="cite_note-pop-8"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-pop_8-0">↑</a> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Lester L. Grabbe, <cite class="italique" lang="en">A History of the Jews and Judaism in the Second Temple Period</cite>, Londres, Continuum International Publishing Group, <time>2004</time>, 434 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-567-08998-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-567-08998-4">978-0-567-08998-4</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb399737697.public">39973769</a>), <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 323<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Jews+and+Judaism+in+the+Second+Temple+Period&rft.place=Londres&rft.pub=Continuum+International+Publishing+Group&rft.aulast=Grabbe&rft.aufirst=Lester+L.&rft.date=2004&rft.pages=323&rft.tpages=434&rft.isbn=978-0-567-08998-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AArtaxerx%C3%A8s+III">.</li> <li id="cite_note-Judah-9"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Judah_9-0">↑</a> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Oded Lipschits, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Judah and the Judeans in the Fourth Century</cite>, Eisenbrauns, <time>2007</time>, 423 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-57506-130-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-57506-130-6">978-1-57506-130-6</a>), <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 87<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Judah+and+the+Judeans+in+the+Fourth+Century&rft.pub=Eisenbrauns&rft.aulast=Lipschits&rft.aufirst=Oded&rft.date=2007&rft.pages=87&rft.tpages=423&rft.isbn=978-1-57506-130-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AArtaxerx%C3%A8s+III">.</li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-10">↑</a> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Peter J. Rhodes, <cite class="italique" lang="en">A History of the Classical Greek World : 478-323 BC</cite>, Blackwell Publishing, <time>2006</time> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-631-22564-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-631-22564-5">978-0-631-22564-5</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DdKhOwYzZTxsC">lire en ligne</a>), <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 224<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Classical+Greek+World&rft.pub=Blackwell+Publishing&rft.stitle=478-323+BC&rft.aulast=Rhodes&rft.aufirst=Peter+J.&rft.date=2006&rft.pages=224&rft.isbn=978-0-631-22564-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AArtaxerx%C3%A8s+III">.</li> <li id="cite_note-Lemprière-11"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Lempri%C3%A8re_11-0">↑</a> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Jean Lemprière et R. Willets, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Classical Dictionary containing a full Account of all the Proper Names mentioned in Ancient Authors</cite>, Routledge, <time>1984</time> (<abbr class="abbr" title="première">1re</abbr> <abbr class="abbr" title="édition">éd.</abbr> 1788), 675 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-7102-0068-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-7102-0068-6">978-0-7102-0068-6</a>), <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 82<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Classical+Dictionary+containing+a+full+Account+of+all+the+Proper+Names+mentioned+in+Ancient+Authors&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.aulast=Lempri%C3%A8re&rft.aufirst=Jean&rft.au=Willets%2C+R.&rft.date=1984&rft.pages=82&rft.tpages=675&rft.isbn=978-0-7102-0068-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AArtaxerx%C3%A8s+III">.</li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-12">↑</a> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Tore Kjeilen, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://lexicorient.com/eo/artaxerxes3.htm"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Artaxerxès <abbr class="abbr" title="3">III</abbr></cite></a> » (consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2008-03-05" data-sort-value="2008-03-05">5 mars 2008</time>).</li> <li id="cite_note-PersianArmy-13"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-PersianArmy_13-0">↑</a> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Nick Sekunda, Nicholas V. Sekunda et Simon Chew, <cite class="italique" lang="en">The Persian Army 560-330 BC : 560-330 BC</cite>, Osprey Publishing, <time>1992</time>, 64 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-85532-250-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-85532-250-9">978-1-85532-250-9</a>), <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 28<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Persian+Army+560-330+BC&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.stitle=560-330+BC&rft.aulast=Sekunda&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft.au=Sekunda%2C+Nicholas+V.&rft.au=Chew%2C+Simon&rft.date=1992&rft.pages=28&rft.tpages=64&rft.isbn=978-1-85532-250-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AArtaxerx%C3%A8s+III">.</li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-14">↑</a> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> James M. Miller, <cite class="italique" lang="en">A History of Ancient Israel and Judah</cite>, Westminster John Knox Press, <time>1986</time>, 523 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-664-21262-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-664-21262-9">978-0-664-21262-9</a>), <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 465<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Ancient+Israel+and+Judah&rft.pub=Westminster+John+Knox+Press&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=James+M.&rft.date=1986&rft.pages=465&rft.tpages=523&rft.isbn=978-0-664-21262-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AArtaxerx%C3%A8s+III">.</li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-15">↑</a> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Sir Charles Thomas Newton et RP Pullan, <cite class="italique" lang="en">A History of Discoveries at Halicarnassus, Cnidus & Branchidæ</cite>, Day & Son, <time>1862</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 57<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Discoveries+at+Halicarnassus%2C+Cnidus+%26+Branchid%C3%A6&rft.pub=Day+%26+Son&rft.aulast=Newton&rft.aufirst=Sir+Charles+Thomas&rft.au=Pullan%2C+RP&rft.date=1862&rft.pages=57&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AArtaxerx%C3%A8s+III">.</li> <li id="cite_note-Persianempire-16">↑ <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Persianempire_16-0">a</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Persianempire_16-1">b</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Persianempire_16-2">c</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Persianempire_16-3">d</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Persianempire_16-4">e</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Persianempire_16-5">f</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Persianempire_16-6">g</a> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://persianempire.info/ArtaxerxesIII.htm"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Artaxerxès <abbr class="abbr" title="3">III</abbr> Ochus (-358 -338)</cite></a> » (consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2008-03-02" data-sort-value="2008-03-02">2 mars 2008</time>).</li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-17">↑</a> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.tomrawlinson.com/Personal/Links/RawlinsonGeorge.htm"><cite style="font-style:normal; color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333);">Phœnicia under the Persians</cite></a> »(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.tomrawlinson.com/Personal/Links/RawlinsonGeorge.htm">Archive.org</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/?url%3Dhttp://www.tomrawlinson.com/Personal/Links/RawlinsonGeorge.htm">Wikiwix</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.is/http://www.tomrawlinson.com/Personal/Links/RawlinsonGeorge.htm">Archive.is</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?hl%3Dfr%26q%3Dcache:http://www.tomrawlinson.com/Personal/Links/RawlinsonGeorge.htm">Google</a> • <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Projet:Correction_des_liens_externes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#J'ai_trouv%C3%A9_un_lien_mort,_que_faire_?" title="Projet:Correction des liens externes">Que faire ?</a>) (consulté le <time>20130318</time>).</li> <li id="cite_note-Lovetoknow-18">↑ <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Lovetoknow_18-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Lovetoknow_18-1">b</a> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Artaxerx%25C3%25A8s"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Artaxerxès</cite></a> » (consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2008-03-04" data-sort-value="2008-03-04">4 mars 2008</time>).</li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-19">↑</a> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.iras.ucalgary.ca/~volk/sylvia/GogAndMagog.htm"><cite style="font-style:normal;">La légende de Gog et Magog</cite></a> » (consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2008-03-10" data-sort-value="2008-03-10">10 mars 2008</time>).</li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-20">↑</a> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Frederick Fyvie Bruce, <cite class="italique" lang="en">The Acts of the Apostles : The Greek Text with Introduction and Commentary</cite>, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, <time>1990</time>, 600 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-8028-0966-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-8028-0966-7">978-0-8028-0966-7</a>), <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 117<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Acts+of+the+Apostles&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing&rft.stitle=The+Greek+Text+with+Introduction+and+Commentary&rft.aulast=Bruce&rft.aufirst=Frederick+Fyvie&rft.date=1990&rft.pages=117&rft.tpages=600&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-0966-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AArtaxerx%C3%A8s+III">.</li> <li id="cite_note-Egyptloot-21"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Egyptloot_21-0">↑</a> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/prehistory/egypt/history/periods/persianii.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Persian Period <abbr class="abbr" title="2">II</abbr></cite></a> » (consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2008-03-06" data-sort-value="2008-03-06">6 mars 2008</time>).</li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-22">↑</a> Christian Froidefond, <cite class="italique">Isis et Osiris 31e édition</cite>, Paris, Les Belles Lettres, <time>1988</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 204<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Isis+et+Osiris+31e+%C3%A9dition&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Les+Belles+Lettres&rft.aulast=Froidefond&rft.aufirst=Christian&rft.date=1988&rft.pages=204&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AArtaxerx%C3%A8s+III">.</li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-23">↑</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Werner_Jaeger?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Werner Jaeger">Werner Jaeger</a>, Aristote, Fondements pour une histoire de son évolution, L'Éclat, 1997, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> 116-117.</li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-24">↑</a> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://historyofmacedonia.org/AncientMacedonia/PhilipofMacedon.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Philip <abbr class="abbr" title="2">II</abbr> of Macedon Biography</cite></a> » (consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2008-03-07" data-sort-value="2008-03-07">7 mars 2008</time>).</li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-25">↑</a> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Pierre Briant, <cite class="italique" lang="en">From Cyrus to Alexander : A history of the Persian Empire</cite>, Eienbrauns, <time>2002</time>, 1196 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-57506-120-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-57506-120-7">978-1-57506-120-7</a>), <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 769<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Cyrus+to+Alexander&rft.pub=Eienbrauns&rft.stitle=A+history+of+the+Persian+Empire&rft.aulast=Briant&rft.aufirst=Pierre&rft.date=2002&rft.pages=769&rft.tpages=1196&rft.isbn=978-1-57506-120-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AArtaxerx%C3%A8s+III">.</li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-26">↑</a> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.vohuman.org/Article/The%2520Achaemenians,%2520Zoroastrians%2520in%2520Transition.htm"><cite style="font-style:normal; color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333);">The Achaemenians, Zoroastrians in Transition</cite></a> »(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.vohuman.org/Article/The%2520Achaemenians,%2520Zoroastrians%2520in%2520Transition.htm">Archive.org</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/?url%3Dhttp://www.vohuman.org/Article/The%2520Achaemenians,%2520Zoroastrians%2520in%2520Transition.htm">Wikiwix</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.is/http://www.vohuman.org/Article/The%2520Achaemenians,%2520Zoroastrians%2520in%2520Transition.htm">Archive.is</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?hl%3Dfr%26q%3Dcache:http://www.vohuman.org/Article/The%2520Achaemenians,%2520Zoroastrians%2520in%2520Transition.htm">Google</a> • <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Projet:Correction_des_liens_externes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#J'ai_trouv%C3%A9_un_lien_mort,_que_faire_?" title="Projet:Correction des liens externes">Que faire ?</a>) (consulté le <time>20130318</time>).</li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-27">↑</a> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Jona Lendering, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.livius.org/ag-ai/ahuramazda/ahuramazda.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Ahuramazda and Zoroastranism</cite></a> » (consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2008-03-05" data-sort-value="2008-03-05">5 mars 2008</time>).</li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-28">↑</a> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Hans-Peter Schmidt, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/mithra-i"><cite style="font-style:normal;">i. Mithra In Old Indian And Mithra In Old Iranian</cite></a> » (consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2008-03-05" data-sort-value="2008-03-05">5 mars 2008</time>).</li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-29">↑</a> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.sacred-texts.com/cla/mom/mom04.htm"><cite style="font-style:normal;">The Origins Of Mithraism</cite></a> » (consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2008-03-05" data-sort-value="2008-03-05">5 mars 2008</time>).</li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-30">↑</a> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/cm/s/silver_tetradrachm_of_artaxerx.aspx"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Silver tetradrachm of Artaxerxes <abbr class="abbr" title="3">III</abbr></cite></a> » (consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2008-03-06" data-sort-value="2008-03-06">6 mars 2008</time>).</li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-31">↑</a> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.infidels.org/library/modern/gerald_larue/otll/chap29.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;">The Period of Jewish Independence</cite></a> » (consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2008-03-10" data-sort-value="2008-03-10">10 mars 2008</time>).</li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-32">↑</a> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Paul Ingram, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.katapi.org.uk/OTApoc/Judith.htm"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Le livre de Judith</cite></a> » (consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2008-03-10" data-sort-value="2008-03-10">10 mars 2008</time>).</li> <li id="cite_note-Babylonpalace-33"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Babylonpalace_33-0">↑</a> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Geoffrey Wigoder, <cite class="italique" lang="en">The Illustrated Dictionary & Concordance of the Bible</cite>, Sterling Publishing Company, <time>2006</time>, 1035 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-4027-2820-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-4027-2820-4">978-1-4027-2820-4</a>), <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 131<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Illustrated+Dictionary+%26+Concordance+of+the+Bible&rft.pub=Sterling+Publishing+Company&rft.aulast=Wigoder&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&rft.date=2006&rft.pages=131&rft.tpages=1035&rft.isbn=978-1-4027-2820-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AArtaxerx%C3%A8s+III">.</li> </ol> </div> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Artaxerx%C3%A8s_III&action=edit&section=11&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> modifier </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r194021218">.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>.titre{text-align:center;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li{list-style:none;margin:0.2em 0;text-indent:0;padding-left:24px;min-height:20px;text-align:left;display:block}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li>a{font-style:italic}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .autres-projets{float:none}}</style> <div class="autres-projets boite-grise boite-a-droite noprint js-interprojets"> Sur les autres projets Wikimedia : <ul class="noarchive plainlinks"> <li class="commons"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Artaxerxes_III?uselang%3Dfr">Artaxerxès <abbr class="abbr" title="3">III</abbr></a>, sur Wikimedia Commons</li> </ul> </div> <ul> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li>Ressource relative aux beaux-arts<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192867?uselang%3Dfr%23identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"> <noscript> <img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 10px;height: 10px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" data-alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" data-width="10" data-height="10" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> : <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG61892">British Museum</a></li> </ul></li> <li> <div class="liste-horizontale"> Notices dans des dictionnaires ou encyclopédies généralistes<a 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rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Artaxerxes-III">Britannica</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://brockhaus.de/ecs/enzy/article/artaxerxes-artaxerxes-iii-ochos">Brockhaus</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.deutsche-biographie.de/137407874.html">Deutsche Biographie</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/artaxerxes-iii-throne-name-of-ochus-gk">Encyclopædia Iranica</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.enciclopedia.cat/EC-GEC-0005447.xml">Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana</a></li> <li><a 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interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D8%25AA%25D8%25AE%25D8%25B4%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B4%25D8%25A7_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AB%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AB" title="ارتخشاشا الثالث – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ارتخشاشا الثالث" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D8%25AF%25D8%25B4%25D9%258A%25D8%25B1_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AA_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AE%25D9%2585%25D9%258A%25D9%2586%25D9%2589" title="اردشير التالت الاخمينى – arabe égyptien" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اردشير التالت الاخمينى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" 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data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D1%2580%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BA%25D1%2581%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25BA%25D1%2581_III" title="Артаксеркс III – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Артаксеркс III" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artakserks_III" title="Artakserks III – bosniaque" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Artakserks III" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artaxerxes_III_de_P%25C3%25A8rsia" title="Artaxerxes III de Pèrsia – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Artaxerxes III de Pèrsia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artaxerx%25C3%25A9s_III." title="Artaxerxés III. – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Artaxerxés III." data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artaxerxes_III,_brenin_Persia" title="Artaxerxes III, brenin Persia – gallois" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Artaxerxes III, brenin Persia" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallois" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artaxerxes_III." title="Artaxerxes III. – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Artaxerxes III." data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%2591%25CF%2581%25CF%2584%25CE%25B1%25CE%25BE%25CE%25AD%25CF%2581%25CE%25BE%25CE%25B7%25CF%2582_%25CE%2593%25CE%2584_%25CF%2584%25CE%25B7%25CF%2582_%25CE%25A0%25CE%25B5%25CF%2581%25CF%2583%25CE%25AF%25CE%25B1%25CF%2582" title="Αρταξέρξης Γ΄ της Περσίας – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αρταξέρξης Γ΄ της Περσίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artaxerxes_III" title="Artaxerxes III – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Artaxerxes III" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artakserkso_la_3-a" title="Artakserkso la 3-a – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Artakserkso la 3-a" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artajerjes_III_Oco" title="Artajerjes III Oco – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Artajerjes III Oco" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artaxerxes_III.a_Oko" title="Artaxerxes III.a Oko – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Artaxerxes III.a Oko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D8%25AF%25D8%25B4%25DB%258C%25D8%25B1_%25D8%25B3%25D9%2588%25D9%2585%25D8%258C_%25D8%25B4%25D8%25A7%25D9%2587%25D9%2586%25D8%25B4%25D8%25A7%25D9%2587_%25D9%2587%25D8%25AE%25D8%25A7%25D9%2585%25D9%2586%25D8%25B4%25DB%258C" title="اردشیر سوم، شاهنشاه هخامنشی – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اردشیر سوم، شاهنشاه هخامنشی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artakserkses_III" title="Artakserkses III – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Artakserkses III" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artaxerxes_III" title="Artaxerxes III – galicien" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Artaxerxes III" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicien" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%2590%25D7%25A8%25D7%25AA%25D7%2597%25D7%25A9%25D7%25A9%25D7%25AA%25D7%2590_%25D7%2594%25D7%25A9%25D7%259C%25D7%2599%25D7%25A9%25D7%2599" title="ארתחששתא השלישי – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ארתחששתא השלישי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artakserkso_III." title="Artakserkso III. – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Artakserkso III." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/III._Artakhsaszj%25C3%25A1_perzsa_kir%25C3%25A1ly" title="III. Artakhsaszjá perzsa király – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="III. Artakhsaszjá perzsa király" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D4%25B1%25D6%2580%25D5%25BF%25D5%25A1%25D6%2584%25D5%25BD%25D5%25A5%25D6%2580%25D6%2584%25D5%25BD%25D5%25A5%25D5%25BD_%25D4%25B3" title="Արտաքսերքսես Գ – arménien" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Արտաքսերքսես Գ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménien" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artahsasta_III" title="Artahsasta III – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Artahsasta III" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artaserse_III_di_Persia" title="Artaserse III di Persia – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Artaserse III di Persia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E3%2582%25A2%25E3%2583%25AB%25E3%2582%25BF%25E3%2582%25AF%25E3%2582%25BB%25E3%2583%25AB%25E3%2582%25AF%25E3%2582%25BB%25E3%2582%25B93%25E4%25B8%2596" title="アルタクセルクセス3世 – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アルタクセルクセス3世" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%25A2%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%25A5%25E1%2583%25A1%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%25A5%25E1%2583%25A1%25E1%2583%2594_III" title="არტაქსერქსე III – géorgien" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="არტაქსერქსე III" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="géorgien" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D1%2580%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BA%25D1%2581%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25BA%25D1%2581_III" title="Артаксеркс III – kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Артаксеркс III" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EC%2595%2584%25EB%25A5%25B4%25ED%2583%2580%25ED%2581%25AC%25EC%2584%25B8%25EB%25A5%25B4%25ED%2581%25AC%25EC%2584%25B8%25EC%258A%25A4_3%25EC%2584%25B8" title="아르타크세르크세스 3세 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아르타크세르크세스 3세" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artakserksas_III" title="Artakserksas III – lituanien" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Artakserksas III" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanien" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artakserksesy_III" title="Artakserksesy III – malgache" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Artakserksesy III" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgache" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D8%25AF%25D8%25B4%25DB%258C%25D8%25B1_%25D8%25B3%25D9%2588%25D9%2585_%25D9%2587%25D8%25AE%25D8%25A7%25D9%2585%25D9%2586%25D8%25B4%25DB%258C" title="اردشیر سوم هخامنشی – mazandérani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="اردشیر سوم هخامنشی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandérani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artaxerxes_III" title="Artaxerxes III – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Artaxerxes III" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artaxerxes_III_av_Persia" title="Artaxerxes III av Persia – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Artaxerxes III av Persia" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artakserkses_III" title="Artakserkses III – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Artakserkses III" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artaxerxes_III" title="Artaxerxes III – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Artaxerxes III" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D1%2580%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BA%25D1%2581%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25BA%25D1%2581_III" title="Артаксеркс III – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Артаксеркс III" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artaxerxes_III" title="Artaxerxes III – écossais" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Artaxerxes III" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="écossais" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artakserks_III" title="Artakserks III – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Artakserks III" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B6%25AD%25E0%25B7%2599%25E0%25B7%2580%25E0%25B6%25B1_%25E0%25B6%2586%25E0%25B6%25BB%25E0%25B7%258A%25E0%25B6%25A7%25E0%25B7%2583%25E0%25B6%25BB%25E0%25B7%258A%25E0%25B6%259A%25E0%25B7%258A%25E0%25B7%2583%25E0%25B7%2593%25E0%25B7%2583%25E0%25B7%258A" title="තෙවන ආර්ටසර්ක්සීස් – cingalais" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="තෙවන ආර්ටසර්ක්සීස්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="cingalais" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artaxerxes_III." title="Artaxerxes III. – slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Artaxerxes III." data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artakserks_III." title="Artakserks III. – slovène" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Artakserks III." data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovène" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D1%2580%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BA%25D1%2581%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25BA%25D1%2581_III" title="Артаксеркс III – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Артаксеркс III" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artaxerxes_III" title="Artaxerxes III – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Artaxerxes III" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AE%25AE%25E0%25AF%2582%25E0%25AE%25A9%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%25B1%25E0%25AE%25BE%25E0%25AE%25AE%25E0%25AF%258D_%25E0%25AE%2585%25E0%25AE%25B0%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%25A4%25E0%25AE%259A%25E0%25AF%2586%25E0%25AE%25B0%25E0%25AE%25BE%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%259A%25E0%25AE%25B8%25E0%25AF%258D" title="மூன்றாம் அர்தசெராக்சஸ் – tamoul" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மூன்றாம் அர்தசெராக்சஸ்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamoul" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D1%2580%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B0%25D1%2588%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8_III" title="Ардашери III – tadjik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ардашери III" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B8%2588%25E0%25B8%25B1%25E0%25B8%2581%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%259E%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%2594%25E0%25B8%25B4%25E0%25B8%25AD%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B9%258C%25E0%25B8%2595%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%258B%25E0%25B8%25B4%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B9%258C%25E0%25B8%2581%25E0%25B8%258B%25E0%25B8%25B5%25E0%25B8%25AA%25E0%25B8%2597%25E0%25B8%25B5%25E0%25B9%2588_3" title="จักรพรรดิอาร์ตาเซิร์กซีสที่ 3 – thaï" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จักรพรรดิอาร์ตาเซิร์กซีสที่ 3" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thaï" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/III._Artaserhas" title="III. Artaserhas – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="III. Artaserhas" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D1%2580%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BA%25D1%2581%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25BA%25D1%2581_III" title="Артаксеркс III – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Артаксеркс III" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artaxerxes_III" title="Artaxerxes III – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Artaxerxes III" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artaxerxes_III" title="Artaxerxes III – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Artaxerxes III" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artaxerxes_3k" title="Artaxerxes 3k – yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Artaxerxes 3k" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E9%2598%25BF%25E5%25B0%2594%25E5%25A1%2594%25E8%2596%259B%25E8%25A5%25BF%25E6%2596%25AF%25E4%25B8%2589%25E4%25B8%2596" title="阿尔塔薛西斯三世 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="阿尔塔薛西斯三世" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artaxerxes_3-s%25C3%25A8" title="Artaxerxes 3-sè – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Artaxerxes 3-sè" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E4%25BA%259E%25E4%25BB%2596%25E8%2596%259B%25E8%25A5%25BF%25E6%2596%25AF%25E4%25B8%2589%25E4%25B8%2596" title="亞他薛西斯三世 – cantonais" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="亞他薛西斯三世" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonais" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-fr.svg" alt="Wikipédia" width="119" height="18" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 1.125em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod">La dernière modification de cette page a été faite le 5 octobre 2024 à 16:06.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Le contenu est disponible sous licence <a class="external" rel="nofollow" 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