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Beschikbaar in 23 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">23 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jong_stervoorwerp" title="Jong stervoorwerp – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Jong stervoorwerp" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%AC%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="أجسام نجمية فتية – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أجسام نجمية فتية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxetu_estelar_nuevu" title="Oxetu estelar nuevu – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Oxetu estelar nuevu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavan_ulduzlar" title="Cavan ulduzlar – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Cavan ulduzlar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objecte_estel%C2%B7lar_jove" title="Objecte estel·lar jove – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Objecte estel·lar jove" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mlad%C3%BD_hv%C4%9Bzdn%C3%BD_objekt" title="Mladý hvězdný objekt – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mladý hvězdný objekt" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young_stellar_object" title="Young stellar object – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Young stellar object" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objeto_estelar_joven" title="Objeto estelar joven – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Objeto estelar joven" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B3%D9%85_%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جسم ستاره‌ای جوان – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جسم ستاره‌ای جوان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeune_objet_stellaire" title="Jeune objet stellaire – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jeune objet stellaire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oggetto_stellare_giovane" title="Oggetto stellare giovane – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Oggetto stellare giovane" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%A5%E3%81%84%E6%98%9F%E7%8A%B6%E5%A4%A9%E4%BD%93" title="若い星状天体 – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="若い星状天体" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%8A%EC%9D%80_%ED%95%AD%EC%84%B1%EC%B2%B4" title="젊은 항성체 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="젊은 항성체" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D1%95%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Младо ѕвездено тело – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Младо ѕвездено тело" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objek_bintang_muda" title="Objek bintang muda – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Objek bintang muda" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ungt_stjerneobjekt" title="Ungt stjerneobjekt – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ungt stjerneobjekt" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objeto_estelar_jovem" title="Objeto estelar jovem – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Objeto estelar jovem" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%91%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Молодой звёздный объект – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Молодой звёздный объект" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mlad%C3%BD_hviezdny_objekt" title="Mladý hviezdny objekt – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Mladý hviezdny objekt" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2" title="วัตถุดาวฤกษ์อายุน้อย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วัตถุดาวฤกษ์อายุน้อย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gen%C3%A7_y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1z_cismi" title="Genç yıldız cismi – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Genç yıldız cismi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D0%B1%27%D1%94%D0%BA%D1%82" 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height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Embryonic_Stars_in_the_Trifid_Nebula.jpg/390px-Embryonic_Stars_in_the_Trifid_Nebula.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Embryonic_Stars_in_the_Trifid_Nebula.jpg/520px-Embryonic_Stars_in_the_Trifid_Nebula.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption>Jonge stellaire objecten (aangegeven met pijlen) in de <a href="/wiki/Trifidnevel" title="Trifidnevel">Trifidnevel</a>. Links een opname in <a href="/wiki/Zichtbaar_licht" class="mw-redirect" title="Zichtbaar licht">zichtbaar licht</a> en rechts een in het nabij-infrarood. De gele ellipsen geven kernen in de moleculaire wolk aan.</figcaption></figure> <p>Een <b>jong stellair object</b> (<i>Young Stellar Object</i> of <i>YSO</i>) is een <a href="/wiki/Ster_(hemellichaam)" title="Ster (hemellichaam)">ster</a> in een vroege fase van zijn <a href="/wiki/Stervorming" title="Stervorming">evolutie</a>. </p><p>YSO's bestaan uit twee groepen: <a href="/wiki/Protoster" title="Protoster">protosterren</a> en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Voor-hoofdreeks_ster&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voor-hoofdreeks ster (de pagina bestaat niet)">voor-hoofdreeks sterren</a> (<i>pre-main seqence stars</i>). Soms worden ze onderverdeeld naar massa - massieve YSO, lagere massa YSO, en <a href="/wiki/Bruine_dwerg" title="Bruine dwerg">bruine dwergen</a>. </p><p>Jonge stellaire objecten zijn vaak geassocieerd met andere verschijnselen: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polaire_jet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polaire jet (de pagina bestaat niet)">polaire jets</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bipolaire_gasuitstroom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bipolaire gasuitstroom (de pagina bestaat niet)">bipolaire gasuitstromen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maser_(astronomie)" title="Maser (astronomie)">interstellaire masers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herbig-Haro_object" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbig-Haro object">Herbig-Haro objecten</a>, <a href="/wiki/Protoplanetaire_schijf" title="Protoplanetaire schijf">protoplanetaire schijven</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Protosterren">Protosterren</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jong_stellair_object&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Protosterren" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jong_stellair_object&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Protosterren"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Een protoster is het resultaat van de gravitationele samentrekking van een dichte <a href="/wiki/Moleculaire_wolk" title="Moleculaire wolk">moleculaire wolk</a> in het <a href="/wiki/Interstellair_medium" title="Interstellair medium">interstellair medium</a>. Het grootste deel van deze wolken zijn in dynamisch evenwicht: de <a href="/wiki/Zwaartekracht" title="Zwaartekracht">zwaartekracht</a> is in evenwicht met de <a href="/wiki/Thermische_energie" class="mw-redirect" title="Thermische energie">thermische energie</a> van de atomen en moleculen die de wolk uitmaken. Dit evenwicht kan spontaan verbroken worden door de interne <a href="/wiki/Turbulentie" class="mw-redirect" title="Turbulentie">turbulentie</a> van de wolk, of (vaker), kan getriggerd worden van buitenaf, zoals een door een <a href="/wiki/Schokgolf" title="Schokgolf">schokgolf</a> afkomstig van een naburige <a href="/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova">supernova</a> of door de botsing van twee verschillende wolken. Het resultaat van deze eerste samentrekking is de vorming van een kern die in hydrostatisch evenwicht is en die zwaarder wordt door accretie. Protosterren met een massa vergelijkbaar met die van de <a href="/wiki/Zon" title="Zon">zon</a> hebben typisch 10 miljoen jaar nodig om zich te ontwikkelen van een dichte wolk tot een <a href="/wiki/Hoofdreeks" title="Hoofdreeks">hoofdreeksster</a>, terwijl 15 M<sub>☉</sub> sterren ongeveer 100.000 jaar daarvoor nodig hebben. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voor-hoofdreekssterren">Voor-hoofdreekssterren</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jong_stellair_object&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Voor-hoofdreekssterren" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jong_stellair_object&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Voor-hoofdreekssterren"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wanneer het omhullende gas en stof weggedreven worden en het accretieproces beëindigd wordt gaat de protoster over in de fase van de voor-hoofdreeksster (PMS-ster). De door deze sterren uitgestraalde energie komt nog door de gravitationele samentrekking en niet door de <a href="/wiki/Kernfusie" title="Kernfusie">kernfusie</a> zoals bij hoofdreekssterren. Er zijn twee belangrijke soorten PMS-sterren: de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orion-veranderlijke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orion-veranderlijke (de pagina bestaat niet)">Orion-veranderlijken</a> die een massa hebben tussen 0,08 en 2 M<sub>☉</sub>, en de <a href="/wiki/Herbig_Ae/Be_ster" title="Herbig Ae/Be ster">Herbig Ae/Be sterren</a> met een massa tussen 2 en 8 M<sub>☉</sub>. De Orion-veranderlijken worden op hun beurt weer onderverdeeld in <a href="/wiki/T_Tauri-ster" title="T Tauri-ster">T Tauri-sterren</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ex_Lupi-ster&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ex Lupi-ster (de pagina bestaat niet)">Ex Lupi-sterren</a> ((<i>EXors</i>), en <a href="/wiki/FU_Orionis-ster" title="FU Orionis-ster">FU Orionis-sterren</a> (<i>FUors</i>); deze laatste twee klassen worden als twee ondersoorten van T Tauri-sterren beschouwd. </p><p>Er zijn geen PMS-sterren zwaarder dan 8 M<sub>☉</sub> waargenomen, omdat de evolutie van deze sterren tot het starten van de kernfusie en het bereiken van de hoofdreeks zeer snel verloopt. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Spectrale_energieverdeling_(SED)"><span id="Spectrale_energieverdeling_.28SED.29"></span>Spectrale energieverdeling (SED)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jong_stellair_object&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Spectrale energieverdeling (SED)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jong_stellair_object&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Spectrale energieverdeling (SED)"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De classificatie van jonge stellaire objecten baseert zich op spectroscopische metingen in het <a href="/wiki/Infraroodastronomie" title="Infraroodastronomie">infrarode</a> gebied waar deze objecten een grote hoeveelheid straling afgeven. Hoewel de plaats, afmetingen, en lichtkracht van de infraroodbronnen veel informatie geven, is kennis nodig van de <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spectrale_energieverdeling&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spectrale energieverdeling (de pagina bestaat niet)">spectrale energieverdeling</a></i> (SED; acroniem van het <a href="/wiki/Engels" title="Engels">Engelse</a> <i>spectral energy distribution</i>), de verdeling van de intensiteit van de straling als functie van de <a href="/wiki/Golflengte" title="Golflengte">golflengte</a> λ in het nabij- en middel-infrarood (2.2–20 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mu }m}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>μ</mi> </mrow> <mi>m</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mu }m}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8d1b6185ee8c3d643ee74870f9c99b4ed1547ec2" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:3.442ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mu }m}"></span>), om essentiële informatie over deze bronnen te verkrijgen. Criteria hiervoor zijn geïntroduceerd door C.J. Lada en B.A. Wilking in 1984<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Zij stelden drie klassen objecten voor (I, II, en III), gebaseerd op de waarden van de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spectrale_index&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spectrale index (de pagina bestaat niet)">spectrale index</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \alpha \,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>α</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \alpha \,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/652e1fd9c3a2ca00e1a517783cdbb0e18e4181f8" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.875ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \alpha \,}"></span>: </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \alpha ={\frac {d\log(\lambda F_{\lambda })}{d\log(\lambda )}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>α</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>log</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>λ</mi> <msub> <mi>F</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>λ</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>log</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>λ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \alpha ={\frac {d\log(\lambda F_{\lambda })}{d\log(\lambda )}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e321b86849e015aa6ae1db3992566f1b879f58e7" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.671ex; width:15.847ex; height:6.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \alpha ={\frac {d\log(\lambda F_{\lambda })}{d\log(\lambda )}}}"></span>. </p><p>Hier is <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lambda \,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>λ</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lambda \,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/988b7b8a22b11081bc97378c30391f573535c21c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.742ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lambda \,}"></span> de golflengte, en <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle F_{\lambda }}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>F</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>λ</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle F_{\lambda }}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/67c8d3cfdc1237443917cc1c1021e3ac6535d5bb" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.685ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle F_{\lambda }}"></span> is de <a href="/wiki/Lichtstroom" title="Lichtstroom">fluxdichtheid</a>. </p><p>De Klasse I bronnen hebben spectra waarvan de intensiteit sterk toeneemt met de golflengte en die de meeste energie uitstralen bij λ>20 μm; de Klasse II bronnen hebben een platter spectrum met gelijke bijdragen in het nabij- en ver-infrarood, en de Klasse III bronnen stralen de meeste energie uit bij λ<2 μm en zijn zwakker bij λ>5 μm. De classificatie is in 1993 uitgebreid met de protosterren die de Klasse 0 werden toegewezen. Zij vertonen sterke submillimeter emissie, maar zijn erg zwak bij <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\lambda }<10{\mu }m}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>λ</mi> </mrow> <mo><</mo> <mn>10</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>μ</mi> </mrow> <mi>m</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\lambda }<10{\mu }m}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/cc2a0fad3a2cec1a7c77d354b774323b4856f86e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:10.221ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\lambda }<10{\mu }m}"></span><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Later in 1994 voegden Greene et al. een vijfde klasse bronnen toe - "plat spectrum" bronnen<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <ul><li><b>Klasse 0</b> bronnen – worden niet gedetecteerd bij <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\lambda }<20{\mu }m}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>λ</mi> </mrow> <mo><</mo> <mn>20</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>μ</mi> </mrow> <mi>m</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\lambda }<20{\mu }m}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b942f685d4d16dba5ba5cebc96ec4427f83feda0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:10.221ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\lambda }<20{\mu }m}"></span></li> <li><b>Klasse I</b> bronnen hebben <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\alpha }>0.3}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>α</mi> </mrow> <mo>></mo> <mn>0.3</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\alpha }>0.3}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f6cc55f02acaeeae3ff6510b6839804c66826cbf" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:7.558ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\alpha }>0.3}"></span></li> <li><b>Plat spectrum</b> bronnen hebben <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 0.3>{\alpha }>-0.3}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>0.3</mn> <mo>></mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>α</mi> </mrow> <mo>></mo> <mo>−</mo> <mn>0.3</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 0.3>{\alpha }>-0.3}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/da231437081cb9faecfcf442c23e6c365242cc8b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:15.436ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 0.3>{\alpha }>-0.3}"></span></li> <li><b>Klasse II</b> bronnen hebben <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle -0.3>{\alpha }>-1.6}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo>−</mo> <mn>0.3</mn> <mo>></mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>α</mi> </mrow> <mo>></mo> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1.6</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle -0.3>{\alpha }>-1.6}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/82d1837fd3d0aa77fb182803cff18c877fc761fd" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:17.244ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle -0.3>{\alpha }>-1.6}"></span></li> <li><b>Klasse III</b> bronnen hebben <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\alpha }<-1.6}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>α</mi> </mrow> <mo><</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1.6</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\alpha }<-1.6}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/90a3661736fa32fcc7e1ae4d426d845546b3137a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:9.366ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\alpha }<-1.6}"></span></li></ul> <table class="wikitable" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; width:440px"> <caption><i>De spectrale energieverdeling van jonge stellaire objecten</i><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Klasse </th> <th>Spectrum </th> <th>Leeftijd </th> <th>Opmerking </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width:70px; text-align: center">Klasse 0 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Sed_klasse0.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Sed_klasse0.svg/90px-Sed_klasse0.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Sed_klasse0.svg/135px-Sed_klasse0.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Sed_klasse0.svg/180px-Sed_klasse0.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="288" data-file-height="187" /></a></span> </td> <td style="width:50px"><a href="/wiki/Wetenschappelijke_notatie" title="Wetenschappelijke notatie">10<sup>4</sup></a> jaar </td> <td>Beginfase van de accretie </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;">Klasse I </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Sed_klasse1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Sed_klasse1.svg/90px-Sed_klasse1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Sed_klasse1.svg/135px-Sed_klasse1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Sed_klasse1.svg/180px-Sed_klasse1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="252" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> </td> <td>10<sup>5</sup> jaar </td> <td>Dikke schijf, schil omhult ster volledig </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;">Klasse II </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Sed_klasse2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Sed_klasse2.svg/90px-Sed_klasse2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Sed_klasse2.svg/135px-Sed_klasse2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Sed_klasse2.svg/180px-Sed_klasse2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="252" data-file-height="188" /></a></span> </td> <td>10<sup>6</sup> jaar </td> <td>Optisch dikke schijf </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;">Klasse III </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Sed_klasse3.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Sed_klasse3.svg/90px-Sed_klasse3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Sed_klasse3.svg/135px-Sed_klasse3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Sed_klasse3.svg/180px-Sed_klasse3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="252" data-file-height="188" /></a></span> </td> <td>10<sup>7</sup> jaar </td> <td>Schijf is optisch transparant </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>Het spectrum van deze klassen infraroodbronnen kan worden verklaard met een evolutie-scenario: </p> <ul><li>Klasse 0 – de infraroodstraling wordt waarschijnlijk uitgestraald door isotherm stof met een temperatuur van ongeveer 30 K. De protoster wordt volkomen omringd door gas en stof en is verduisterd door de grote <a href="/wiki/Optische_diepte" title="Optische diepte">optische diepte</a> van het stof. De bijdrage van de thermische straling van de protoster zelf is te verwaarlozen.</li> <li>Klasse I – de bijdrage van het stof tot de middel-infrarood straling domineert die van de thermische straling van de jonge T Tauri-ster. Echter een deel van de straling van deze ster kan ontsnappen uit de (schijfvormige) stofschil over een tamelijk grote ruimtehoek.</li> <li>Plat spectrum bronnen - een tussenstadium.</li> <li>Klasse II – de straling van de <a href="/wiki/Protoplanetaire_schijf" title="Protoplanetaire schijf">protoplanetaire schijf</a> en die van de thermische emissie van de ster zijn bijna gelijk, doordat de stofschijf die de voorhoofdreeks-ster omhult door de ster wordt verwarmd. Het golflengtebereik van de straling veroorzaakt door de schijf in het spectrum is breder dan verwacht zou worden van straling van een isotherm object. Dit wordt verklaard door een temperatuurgradiënt in de stofschijf: de temperatuur wordt lager met toenemende afstand tot de ster. In dit stadium is de hoeveelheid stof nog veel groter dan bij Klasse III bronnen. Klasse II bronnen worden ook klassieke T Tauri-sterren genoemd.</li> <li>Klasse III – de thermische straling van de ster domineert de straling van de stofschijf. Deze SED wordt waargenomen in T Tauri-sterren met zwakke <a href="/wiki/Balmerreeks" title="Balmerreeks">Balmerreeks</a> emissielijnen, wat betekent dat de schil/schijf rond de ster klein geworden is. In dit stadium zijn mogelijk reeds <a href="/wiki/Planeet" title="Planeet">planeten</a> gevormd in de schijf rond de ster.</li></ul> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <ul><li>Dit artikel of een eerdere versie ervan is een (gedeeltelijke) vertaling van het artikel <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oggetto_stellare_giovane?oldid=42193192">Oggetto stellare giovane</a> op de Italiaanstalige Wikipedia, dat onder de licentie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.nl">Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen</a> valt. Zie de <a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oggetto_stellare_giovane?offset=20121102235959&action=history">bewerkingsgeschiedenis</a></span> aldaar.<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r66936091">.mw-parser-output .error-bronvermelding{color:#ff0000;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .error-bronvermelding span{font-size:larger}</style></li> <li>Dit artikel of een eerdere versie ervan is een (gedeeltelijke) vertaling van het artikel <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young_stellar_object?oldid=509014990">Young stellar object</a> op de Engelstalige Wikipedia, dat onder de licentie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.nl">Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen</a> valt. Zie de <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young_stellar_object?offset=20121102235959&action=history">bewerkingsgeschiedenis</a></span> aldaar.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r66936091"></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1984ApJ...287..610L">https://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1984ApJ...287..610L</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993ApJ...406..122A">https://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993ApJ...406..122A</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1994ApJ...434..614G">https://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1994ApJ...434..614G</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1994coun.conf..179A">https://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1994coun.conf..179A</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1994ApJ...420..837A">https://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1994ApJ...420..837A</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Overgenomen van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jong_stellair_object&oldid=65475352">https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jong_stellair_object&oldid=65475352</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles" title="Categorie:Alles">Categorie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Astronomie" title="Categorie:Astronomie">Astronomie</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Deze pagina is voor het laatst bewerkt op 27 aug 2023 om 13:26.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">De tekst is beschikbaar onder de licentie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.nl">Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen</a>, er kunnen aanvullende voorwaarden van toepassing zijn. 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Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2012-12-06T23:31:55Z","dateModified":"2023-08-27T12:26:34Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/c\/c9\/Embryonic_Stars_in_the_Trifid_Nebula.jpg","headline":"ster in zijn vroege fase van evolutie"}</script> </body> </html>