CINXE.COM

Just a moment...

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9134f12d2fe23e14',cH: 'DvQ05nDVD4N_LYgjeOY5GX_G5sNZbk.qIACG.Jc3.xs-1739786549-1.2.1.1-k8vTmE15Eu6fhUywflQA7mJ6EwrfAGpBINfeOdwS2dr6xJMHXb2QRgG7iagQjnpD',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=micro%20finance&__cf_chl_tk=47swsvqvPNbtEUi1.U0xDoACWgbMoX1BxDbZfpWjhSI-1739786549-1.0.1.1-hBXBPMGiTpSeu0auYttkL3iSzZtM16T4prZnbOJuo2E",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739786549',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=micro%20finance&__cf_chl_f_tk=47swsvqvPNbtEUi1.U0xDoACWgbMoX1BxDbZfpWjhSI-1739786549-1.0.1.1-hBXBPMGiTpSeu0auYttkL3iSzZtM16T4prZnbOJuo2E",md: "FNHxGS3wDNalinSNkOezmqBJTrBBX3OAItv6X14RCs8-1739786549-1.2.1.1-SRHV0nLvAqc89lJrQZ7tGs5y4HxICyVQgE.BbiXkDOuc8PGtDNliJAMrzZiGWUktGd8A_8XA_kn1zbrNltMgnYsMu6KdETPMGZ3GRvS7KB28lUj1oT6O69gHYkGRwSRN2zTjAW7PaMav8yRLFzZZ2jHZXDZFPovQjP30D8Ln0LLP2qgmgEjFl8D9ao4pdgZpL3Hi3RP4UCUNLfEEGlVP5LbZM83D0aPQb4EGGShsMFRTS55Punf6X8xvoyCv3fhCT2J3O2Ef0n.EmmPzm.E3AbRa2SgA7pDXPEMZaxgd6lONBnTYHh9Mz8yFaAL3.KZ103fGIePs6yMSiz0CDZcAv21JBXYFF1Y6aLJQdZZzikTXyLIDkZ43jdKXVkjwU_s1XcttVZGyscK2Q80kCBhsZFWQ8QR2.AMFbEnVMQnEmwaW5SSv4NYQZzhhMt5T25Dllj9oYJ3dnuraqIXLkXCaodr.Z9vL3M8iOPQACooqQyJEd88BBgd5QT_cInszs4yi50Z4LZ.EGPn_B1l6icOKvN0R..EeoM3Vy9OhhkQUixHAXJVBO731QlIJQiy44OQMpbN0iiHbKjXE0bgx.go38pI.hWhPO.fBW8xp5HsG1jFpDfkURoDxil9YaibXIFrDFQjqpFfgxAZwFcxUuslG1cyceWW7OIs9O26Omq1qECVA7uC.93srnCycL1WaHE6jttb5Blz1QLiL3zTjrURMfji.aMrbjhwa.fB1E516VJR3mDKua1SdHY6svGGoKXBts1R4jYChosKlFWT50lnmQEMHLT.qn8r16omAmL6wP8oBVBnfseyjfuWGbO1qZ84eUIOtC.n5pgaiL02uMPNLKz.R9Kol_1K14wBY.R1SyG5CjWA_2I9cipYCzyKCyAeLlBQ2aXLR7XXIkJtC2B0q3yglgShzVHPgZX9Usi5146577JT.eA66YBr.LQWzGB4FYvasriP3XviAAG0VmIWvNdzcbGQuE4ilxv7R99FFXpfJBhvUfWVO.h5QSUKd70P39hLlpnIDOx4Dc1ivwVU9voKwYuTQCKwaKHvfdfx3M0R4r1b74NYrN3GfUIXzzhqCapzLXHafZirBlgCOwYau2Tq8S_Q3HkT7r8ukXPKx4JMmjFU3Uco7Lgu8zYVQaBOe9KyF6lh9HYcyLd0BPP0LCYVKwJ_TS_hfSK8rLkR6PVHeLYPIoRbkYlg3GaFFdLfhQgtvpIsptBLD7lyQferylTJblLG_Cv0nK2I4i6hKzUYzFgtuy1K3f1nfRNqplwnIFM4oLWjAKW0K23Sj2D.R.ubRZb.OEAQ9O_YGp5RV4tQc77APeEG.cf2MN0rpPTFMdq1LISzwz4xTQYsfffRSAaghYUMv_SCTLaoyIYh8lZzE.opPRwp5gjsbSeNua3LcbaCGG2ZLvPEJlmtwxZMyd3NYAUJ5DCNOKL.mDNI0rcO8B48FucKHKmDkZfK2gT85OPgDaeQjyZMNRpNzUu5hO.SIFF6Py4LC.4mLTI7scMV5ne2MMbkrSny5qnbg51On9Ul01xIQYlAc1OGsxboZOXd9wEopKrlWzQZ51geMdHHG9g9mprKQ63k9Hff_xvkQZZtVpl06seOu.mrczAF8MDkZHXzcG3aAKAYaOkoRYH3dKZEJwQjWqai0bgOf90x1VbDN2_fkuu78XLnw1i5BmuLw116wuoaHOie7U7KDFaHT2H.kVVOzlxj7a0ixc5duJ8OZgtnJuLkdBBC3cV_UzLk8a7k4AwF7qbIPyjhAyrduI0Cj382Jnwcu92kPdEmwtRSVk7JpDO1mvE9U74SyjzJKYBKV2umuRFwDBCPufdBlK.jl6tU.xXjhj70Zp9FdHK8Qu0nxWS_tWeTWPeT9t86O4MwUS1Iy5qyYYBdstnwhqN5ByV6aSQdQaK8IouuD0xkT3HENkqKnB5Y_FoAsKkmDjGYTsPDR0AtTtq9_5X8",mdrd: "Rgc1Aj0ZlLo4EfZTKFLFAObajmX8iYw.TVAq3ohkMFI-1739786549-1.2.1.1-SF.ftNjLnWHERXUY56QJX.4m4i2N.hJAb1Zu2wwBAn.xZ6z1FPtmF2e_3GtiQXngptvDyeH_1kihU.gtMlwNtRsp2yCDH5dXRdqRZsYIO9m9ctARTF0XArlIR7dZYHCtCbLtphksnYc8Wqe2EzWhfLutu8hhfZpKTOee6oMPJHiF7o3cjdeyiC7hIyfGPv72R3ht84xT8D9WYaMXk8zYrCriLrpiQjyd_19BeWyEnlbEhrVGF1yxwLFm.IRklNHjNoowjv1cF3wb.SmqGoWnZTUL7lNmPUnGmAILG_IP0Udd.jkCB71pV1yHphDSo9lllEETDPNLe2goRui91eIF_w1sjGQfKGDunyAf4Z.dBvFwXnr306aNQoO5VuvsGE4R2fK_TDbEF3tHVFTiC6MLyAuAJbi4yWoLGW8oAzoyNBlZYOi8kz4rVo8VDW._EtjsFSNufAyCr54msSj1VEbMCQbszNX7eG35LG8n4btqwH7LF0rbARkcn_2oEKypaiP6jfK4GBNM6r1DRREZjlaw1pXu7MHlCyqeedJM5UzsHWC2fmGnyCpToCUUSQ6EhmIlD7ciEQ_HaE1J0RnOyFlaVVnuMSxBoppXf5D9usnkOHNPkWabSCYctqGPYgTYso6ixvc5aihh5JJGIngxMH9VJWgEeAA5BnChWK_Jt2Wog4ZrAV_fUdDF0twLsFEvyQOFTLOXia9_JLP1AicmQApqxE2EsjrBPGxnmBi7GJTFCr5erWaITgxRK4KZhwxM9Z8sIS5hSahNw2gy2xZH7EhFB0pzqHqOPG7HZ5gDiP2Cy8AABf4Bakriy98xEOW8nHTxqcmT5lVuXkX2irhB3rE8pDUOr_0UVws9XXPJfSg71IkaBL2Bc1A5sONe5wnLSVoGpii6wa8cIz4F20eJ4yxNOc50EPTNjxOq.qZVK9A56JYhkT6OZSRSrxb3BBoTEvwaWrDDVnbWt8fk3SZ5.B_yzFNsOm6xKUBECY1jUxWvwglxQRM3NbUx6Ty5gJykP.yeVOb8bDxwXOXVbgXrBl4N_Rj2QaVeuwPejnakJfKsF3hdx7nLgBiP4ubn2WyeGgAZNGWIR_s_3N6j1aiJffZJk6szThvuuFfSJg__nG4mOESwTSTPW.PaSNevy0ax1if4YAv9J8NypsXKp6b3R0yVzR3SFXPiixxfY40enzOGtuy.AVBe8LypPrtRuxutlmG8HGqY3G8WB9R_gyr_FxSR5lg5mbt5r5K5wLPnJ2RHZD_3IXdFjEFSc7HviOvnoDHX7fXK8HvSqjQyFM1WMSonUj9BMhkGC9jRUL5cZqCyRyf4iSzo2BCJcy4efyKJERlaaM7Kt4i9tSRoE7.Q98dTU_MTYfhI6ORoU._iew8LBYzxWPME4T1jb7GOMv6rIF6RkQwgVZqNT0eLthus3zu_dis7li.bH9Oi5hD3jafhm9zdsgMOnAbj7or0rO83j0jMDuYAHaQgx4eAbr0BSwGSDuNB7dszGvWJzSscBrJjHg7OVEs1JH5ULCiCzvePqP51.A5_hvrmVGx_x.JN.0tVXEPKqcStevpf67b5mVvu8xHpnpSmvnfnFNU4juKvulXnSizHXmn0Cnzd.tGbi5QJrXVzS8EUk_ZuJa3RQhK5GxyYFsBz0V0dQ.wqFFf9N2Zp7XGd.uhBADU2WEo8fs1tjuTq4xLO2_yJ36k7HxhlhtYE2S2speLgGuv4XxSSEvA.p_eM.JDeF1k0Wn3nU6xOWdqy0wwKE2KKz5kri6KKqJLGcV0jAFkB_VDWGqdktpTG9Knm0oB9jGBSDd2vONRRfoll0Mpva395v7ilmmrbhJltgf2lCDOgqyR3nwa9fWKGitQIFLq2u7GCr2BtCtvpqr0pK_rS0W_zNzb4MOa22xwlKtm8Bc1bo30PX3Eg0.pwTQFeGcBXLCZ0gsGS51em.Mx4Jm44Eo2Fj2FMwqD.RinGSo9GsFQ5QpeKR_Ga2.TG"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9134f12d2fe23e14';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=micro%20finance&__cf_chl_rt_tk=47swsvqvPNbtEUi1.U0xDoACWgbMoX1BxDbZfpWjhSI-1739786549-1.0.1.1-hBXBPMGiTpSeu0auYttkL3iSzZtM16T4prZnbOJuo2E" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>