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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Function" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Function"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Function</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Function-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Microbiome" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Microbiome"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Microbiome</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Microbiome-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clinical_significance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clinical_significance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Clinical significance</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Clinical_significance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Clinical significance subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Clinical_significance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Enlargement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enlargement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Enlargement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enlargement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adenoid_facies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adenoid_facies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Adenoid facies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adenoid_facies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Removal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Removal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Removal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Removal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Adenoid</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 47 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-47" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">47 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adeno%C3%AFede" title="Adenoïede – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Adenoïede" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%A3%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="زائدة أنفية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="زائدة أنفية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%B1%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BC%D5%B8%D5%B5%D6%81%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Գեղձուռոյցներ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Գեղձուռոյցներ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenoidl%C9%99r" title="Adenoidlər – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Adenoidlər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Адэноіды – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Адэноіды" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Адэноіды – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Адэноіды" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDdrijelni_krajnik" title="Ždrijelni krajnik – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ždrijelni krajnik" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%ADgdala_far%C3%ADngia" title="Amígdala faríngia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Amígdala faríngia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonsilla_pharyngealis" title="Tonsilla pharyngealis – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tonsilla pharyngealis" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%87%DE%A6%DE%83%DE%AA%DE%8E%DE%AC_%DE%93%DE%AE%DE%82%DE%B0%DE%90%DE%A8%DE%8D%DE%B0" title="އަރުގެ ޓޮންސިލް – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="އަރުގެ ޓޮންސިލް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%ADgdala_far%C3%ADngea" title="Amígdala faríngea – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Amígdala faríngea" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faringeko_amigdala" title="Faringeko amigdala – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Faringeko amigdala" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="آدنوئید – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آدنوئید" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonsille_pharyngienne" title="Tonsille pharyngienne – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tonsille pharyngienne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adan%C3%B3id%C3%AD" title="Adanóidí – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Adanóidí" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%ADgdala_far%C3%ADnxea" title="Amígdala farínxea – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Amígdala farínxea" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%8D%B0%EB%85%B8%EC%9D%B4%EB%93%9C" title="아데노이드 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아데노이드" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B8%D5%B4%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%B6%D5%B7%D5%AB%D5%AF" title="Ըմպանային նշիկ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ըմպանային նշիկ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDdrijelna_tonzila" title="Ždrijelna tonzila – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ždrijelna tonzila" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenoid" title="Adenoid – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Adenoid" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenoide" title="Adenoide – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Adenoide" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%93%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%90%D7%99%D7%93" title="אדנואיד – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אדנואיד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%B0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ადენოიდური ჰიპერტროფია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ადენოიდური ჰიპერტროფია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Аденоид – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Аденоид" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Аденоиддер – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Аденоиддер" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenoidai" title="Adenoidai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Adenoidai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obuyute" title="Obuyute – Ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Obuyute" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="Ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Голтничен крајник – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Голтничен крајник" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenoid" title="Adenoid – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Adenoid" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neusamandel" title="Neusamandel – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Neusamandel" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%87%E3%83%8E%E3%82%A4%E3%83%89" title="アデノイド – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アデノイド" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falske_mandler_(adenoider)" title="Falske mandler (adenoider) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Falske mandler (adenoider)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenoidlar" title="Adenoidlar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Adenoidlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Migda%C5%82ek_gard%C5%82owy" title="Migdałek gardłowy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Migdałek gardłowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenoide" title="Adenoide – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Adenoide" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Аденоиды – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Аденоиды" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenoid" title="Adenoid – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Adenoid" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDrelnica" title="Žrelnica – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Žrelnica" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Ждрелни крајник – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ждрелни крајник" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDdrijelna_tonzila" title="Ždrijelna tonzila – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ždrijelna tonzila" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitarisa" title="Kitarisa – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kitarisa" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenoid" title="Adenoid – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Adenoid" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenoid" title="Adenoid – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Adenoid" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B4%D2%B3%D0%BE" title="Аденоидҳо – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Аденоидҳо" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Аденоїди – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Аденоїди" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%B2%DA%AF%DB%95_%D9%85%DB%87%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%89%DB%8B%DB%95%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%89%D9%83" title="بەزگە مۇناسىۋەتلىك 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.mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For "adenoid" meaning "glandular", "gland-like", or "lymphatic", see <a href="/wiki/Glandular" class="mw-redirect" title="Glandular">glandular</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lymphatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Lymphatic">lymphatic</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Adenoid" title="Special:EditPage/Adenoid">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Adenoid%22">"Adenoid"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Adenoid%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Adenoid%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Adenoid%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Adenoid%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Adenoid%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2007</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Structure of the immune system </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:lightgreen">Adenoids</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray994-adenoid.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Gray994-adenoid.png/250px-Gray994-adenoid.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="359" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Gray994-adenoid.png/375px-Gray994-adenoid.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Gray994-adenoid.png/500px-Gray994-adenoid.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="861" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Location of the adenoid</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Organ_system" title="Organ system">System</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lymphatic_system" title="Lymphatic system">Lymphatic system</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>tonsilla pharyngea</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D000234">D000234</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA98</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ifaa.unifr.ch/Public/EntryPage/TA98%20Tree/Entity%20TA98%20EN/05.3.01.006%20Entity%20TA98%20EN.htm">A05.3.01.006</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA2</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ta2viewer.openanatomy.org/?id=5186">5186</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Foundational_Model_of_Anatomy" title="Foundational Model of Anatomy">FMA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/FMA/?p=classes&conceptid=http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.org%2Fsig%2Font%2Ffma%2Ffma54970">54970</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terminology" title="Anatomical terminology">Anatomical terminology</a><div style="text-align: right;"><small class="noprint">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q552087" class="extiw" title="d:Q552087">edit on Wikidata</a>]</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Anatomy" title="Anatomy">anatomy</a>, the <b>pharyngeal tonsil</b>, also known as the <b>nasopharyngeal tonsil</b> or <b>adenoid</b>, is the <a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terms_of_location#Superior_and_inferior" title="Anatomical terms of location">superior</a>-most of the <a href="/wiki/Tonsil" title="Tonsil">tonsils</a>. It is a mass of <a href="/wiki/Lymphatic_tissues" class="mw-redirect" title="Lymphatic tissues">lymphoid tissue</a> located behind the <a href="/wiki/Nasal_cavity" title="Nasal cavity">nasal cavity</a>, in the roof and the posterior wall of the <a href="/wiki/Nasopharynx" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasopharynx">nasopharynx</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where the <a href="/wiki/Human_nose" title="Human nose">nose</a> blends into the <a href="/wiki/Throat" title="Throat">throat</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Child" title="Child">children</a>, it normally forms a soft mound in the roof and back wall of the nasopharynx, just above and behind the <a href="/wiki/Palatine_uvula" class="mw-redirect" title="Palatine uvula">uvula</a>. </p><p>The term <i>adenoid</i> is also used to represent <a href="/wiki/Adenoid_hypertrophy" title="Adenoid hypertrophy">adenoid hypertrophy</a>, the abnormal growth of the pharyngeal tonsils.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adenoid&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The adenoid is a mass of <a href="/wiki/Lymphatic_tissues" class="mw-redirect" title="Lymphatic tissues">lymphoid tissue</a> located behind the nasal cavity, in the roof and the posterior wall of the <a href="/wiki/Nasopharynx" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasopharynx">nasopharynx</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where the nose blends into the throat. The adenoid, unlike the <a href="/wiki/Palatine_tonsil" title="Palatine tonsil">palatine tonsils</a>, has <a href="/wiki/Pseudostratified_epithelium" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudostratified epithelium">pseudostratified epithelium</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The adenoids are part of the so-called <a href="/wiki/Waldeyer%27s_tonsillar_ring" title="Waldeyer's tonsillar ring">Waldeyer ring</a> of lymphoid tissue which also includes the palatine tonsils, the <a href="/wiki/Lingual_tonsils" title="Lingual tonsils">lingual tonsils</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Tubal_tonsils" class="mw-redirect" title="Tubal tonsils">tubal tonsils</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Development">Development</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adenoid&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Adenoids develop from a subepithelial infiltration of <a href="/wiki/Lymphocytes" class="mw-redirect" title="Lymphocytes">lymphocytes</a> after the 16th week of embryonic life. After birth, enlargement begins and continues until ages 5 to 7 years. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Function">Function</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adenoid&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Function"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Part of the immune system, adenoids trap and recognize pathogens such as bacteria and viruses. In response, the adenoid produces <a href="/wiki/T_cell" title="T cell">T cells</a> and <a href="/wiki/B_cell" title="B cell">B cells</a> to combat infection, contributing to the synthesis of IgA <a href="/wiki/Immunoglobulin" class="mw-redirect" title="Immunoglobulin">immunoglobulins</a>, assisting in the body's immunologic memory.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Microbiome">Microbiome</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adenoid&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Microbiome"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Species of bacteria such as <a href="/wiki/Lactobacilli" class="mw-redirect" title="Lactobacilli">lactobacilli</a>, anaerobic streptococci, <a href="/wiki/Actinomycosis" title="Actinomycosis">actinomycosis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fusobacterium" title="Fusobacterium">Fusobacterium</a> species, and <a href="/wiki/Nocardia" title="Nocardia">Nocardia</a> are normally present by 6 months of age. Normal flora found in the adenoid consists of <a href="/wiki/Alpha-hemolytic_streptococci" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpha-hemolytic streptococci">alpha-hemolytic streptococci</a> and <a href="/wiki/Enterococci" class="mw-redirect" title="Enterococci">enterococci</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corynebacterium" title="Corynebacterium">Corynebacterium</a> species, <a href="/wiki/Coagulase-negative_staphylococci" class="mw-redirect" title="Coagulase-negative staphylococci">coagulase-negative staphylococci</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neisseria" title="Neisseria">Neisseria</a> species, <a href="/wiki/Haemophilus" title="Haemophilus">Haemophilus</a> species, <a href="/wiki/Micrococcus" title="Micrococcus">Micrococcus</a> species, and <a href="/wiki/Stomatococcus" class="mw-redirect" title="Stomatococcus">Stomatococcus</a> species.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clinical_significance">Clinical significance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adenoid&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Clinical significance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Adenoid_hypertrophy" title="Adenoid hypertrophy">Adenoid hypertrophy</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Enlargement">Enlargement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adenoid&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Enlargement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Adenoid_hypertrophy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Adenoid_hypertrophy.jpg/258px-Adenoid_hypertrophy.jpg" decoding="async" width="258" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Adenoid_hypertrophy.jpg/387px-Adenoid_hypertrophy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Adenoid_hypertrophy.jpg/516px-Adenoid_hypertrophy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1121" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>3D still showing adenoid hypertrophy.</figcaption></figure> <p>An enlarged adenoid, or <a href="/wiki/Adenoid_hypertrophy" title="Adenoid hypertrophy">adenoid hypertrophy</a>, can become nearly the size of a <a href="/wiki/Ping_pong_ball" class="mw-redirect" title="Ping pong ball">ping pong ball</a> and completely block airflow through the nasal passages. Even if the enlarged adenoid is not substantial enough to physically block the back of the nose, it can obstruct airflow enough so that breathing through the nose requires an uncomfortable amount of work, and inhalation occurs instead through an open mouth. The enlarged adenoid would also obstruct the nasal airway enough to affect the voice without actually stopping nasal airflow altogether. </p><p>Symptomatic enlargement between 18 and 24 months of age is not uncommon, meaning that snoring, nasal airway obstruction and obstructed breathing may occur during sleep. However, this may be reasonably expected to decline when children reach school age, and progressive shrinkage may be expected thereafter.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adenoid_facies">Adenoid facies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adenoid&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Adenoid facies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Enlargement of the adenoid, especially in children, causes an atypical appearance of the face, often referred to as <i>adenoid facies</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Features of adenoid facies include <a href="/wiki/Mouth_breathing" title="Mouth breathing">mouth breathing</a>, an elongated face, prominent incisors, <a href="/wiki/Hypoplastic" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypoplastic">hypoplastic</a> <a href="/wiki/Maxilla" title="Maxilla">maxilla</a>, short upper lip, elevated nostrils, and a high arched palate.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Removal">Removal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adenoid&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Removal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Surgical removal of the adenoid is a procedure called <a href="/wiki/Adenoidectomy" title="Adenoidectomy">adenoidectomy</a>. Adenoid infection may cause symptoms such as excessive <a href="/wiki/Mucus" title="Mucus">mucus</a> production, which can be treated by its removal. Studies have shown that adenoid regrowth occurs in as many as 19% of the cases after removal.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Carried out through the mouth under a <a href="/wiki/General_anaesthetic" title="General anaesthetic">general anaesthetic</a> (or less commonly a <a href="/wiki/Topical_anesthetic" title="Topical anesthetic">topical</a>), adenoidectomy involves the adenoid being <a href="/wiki/Curette" title="Curette">curetted</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cauterization" title="Cauterization">cauterized</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laser_surgery" title="Laser surgery">lasered</a>, or otherwise <a href="/wiki/Ablation#Medicine" title="Ablation">ablated</a>. The adenoid is often removed along with the <a href="/wiki/Palatine_tonsil" title="Palatine tonsil">palatine tonsils</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adenoid&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Waldeyer%27s_tonsillar_ring" title="Waldeyer's tonsillar ring">Waldeyer's tonsillar ring</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adenoid&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFStandringGray2021" class="citation book cs1">Standring, Susan; Gray, Henry, eds. 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Radiology Reference Article<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-11-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Radiopaedia.org&rft.atitle=Adenoid+facies&rft.aulast=Wahba&rft.aufirst=Mohammed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fradiopaedia.org%2Farticles%2Fadenoid-facies-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdenoid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLesinskasDrigotas2009" class="citation journal cs1">Lesinskas, Eugenijus; Drigotas, Martynas (2009-04-01). "The incidence of adenoidal regrowth after adenoidectomy and its effect on persistent nasal symptoms". <i>European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology</i>. <b>266</b> (4): 469–473. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00405-008-0892-5">10.1007/s00405-008-0892-5</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1434-4726">1434-4726</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19093130">19093130</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:31941117">31941117</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Archives+of+Oto-Rhino-Laryngology&rft.atitle=The+incidence+of+adenoidal+regrowth+after+adenoidectomy+and+its+effect+on+persistent+nasal+symptoms&rft.volume=266&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=469-473&rft.date=2009-04-01&rft.issn=1434-4726&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A31941117%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19093130&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs00405-008-0892-5&rft.aulast=Lesinskas&rft.aufirst=Eugenijus&rft.au=Drigotas%2C+Martynas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdenoid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medlineplus.gov/adenoids.html">"Adenoids"</a>. MedlinePlus, US National Library of Medicine. 13 September 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Adenoids&rft.pub=MedlinePlus%2C+US+National+Library+of+Medicine&rft.date=2022-09-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmedlineplus.gov%2Fadenoids.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdenoid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adenoid&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150226040726/http://www.tk.de/rochelexikon/pics/s25420.000-1.html">"Anatomy diagram: 25420.000-1"</a>. <i>Roche Lexicon - illustrated navigator</i>. Elsevier. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tk.de/rochelexikon/pics/s25420.000-1.html">the original</a> on 2015-02-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Roche+Lexicon+-+illustrated+navigator&rft.atitle=Anatomy+diagram%3A+25420.000-1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tk.de%2Frochelexikon%2Fpics%2Fs25420.000-1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdenoid" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/27141"><i>Adenoids: What They Are, How To Recognize Them, What To Do For Them</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070106202643/http://bicmra.usuhs.mil/MRA/HSeries/H14/HTMLdocs/H14low.html">Histology at usuhs.mil</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.udel.edu/Biology/Wags/histopage/colorpage/cly/cly.htm">Histology at udel.edu</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220921084036/http://www.udel.edu/Biology/Wags/histopage/colorpage/cly/cly.htm">Archived</a> 2022-09-21 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070708115931/http://www.drtbalu.com/adenoid.html">/drtbalu otolaryngology online</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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title="Spleen">Spleen</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Parts <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Splenic_hilum" class="mw-redirect" title="Splenic hilum">Hilum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trabeculae_of_spleen" title="Trabeculae of spleen">Trabeculae</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_pulp" title="Red pulp">Red pulp</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cords_of_Billroth" title="Cords of Billroth">Cords of Billroth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marginal_zone" title="Marginal zone">Marginal zone</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_pulp" title="White pulp">White pulp</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Periarteriolar_lymphoid_sheaths" title="Periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths">Periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germinal_center" title="Germinal center">Germinal center</a></li></ul></li> <li>Blood vessels <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trabecular_arteries" title="Trabecular arteries">Trabecular arteries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trabecular_veins" title="Trabecular veins">Trabecular veins</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tonsil" title="Tonsil">Tonsils</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palatine_tonsil" title="Palatine tonsil">Palatine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingual_tonsils" title="Lingual tonsils">Lingual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharyngeal_tonsil" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharyngeal tonsil">Pharyngeal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tubal_tonsil" title="Tubal tonsil">Tubal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonsillar_crypts" title="Tonsillar crypts">Tonsillar crypts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldeyer%27s_tonsillar_ring" title="Waldeyer's tonsillar ring">Waldeyer's tonsillar ring</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a 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0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Openings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nasal_vestibule" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasal vestibule">Nasal vestibule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nostril" title="Nostril">Nostril</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choana" title="Choana">Choana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lateral wall</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nasal_concha" title="Nasal concha">Nasal conchae</a>: <a href="/wiki/Supreme_nasal_concha" title="Supreme nasal concha">Supreme nasal concha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior_nasal_concha" title="Superior nasal concha">Superior nasal concha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_nasal_concha" title="Middle nasal concha">Middle nasal concha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inferior_nasal_concha" title="Inferior nasal concha">Inferior nasal concha</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nasal_meatus" title="Nasal meatus">Nasal meatus</a>: (Supreme</li> <li>superior</li> <li>middle</li> <li>inferior)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sphenoethmoidal_recess" title="Sphenoethmoidal recess">Sphenoethmoidal recess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethmoid_bulla" title="Ethmoid bulla">Ethmoid bulla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agger_nasi" title="Agger nasi">Agger nasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethmoidal_infundibulum" title="Ethmoidal infundibulum">Ethmoidal infundibulum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semilunar_hiatus" title="Semilunar hiatus">Semilunar hiatus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxillary_hiatus" title="Maxillary hiatus">Maxillary hiatus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Medial wall</th><td 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href="/wiki/Maxillary_sinus" title="Maxillary sinus">Maxillary sinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphenoidal_sinus" class="mw-redirect" title="Sphenoidal sinus">Sphenoidal sinuses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frontal_sinus" title="Frontal sinus">Frontal sinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethmoid_sinus" title="Ethmoid sinus">Ethmoid sinus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nasopharynx" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasopharynx">Naso</a>-<a href="/wiki/Pharynx" title="Pharynx">pharynx</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pharyngeal_opening_of_auditory_tube" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharyngeal opening of auditory tube">Pharyngeal opening of auditory tube</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salpingopharyngeal_fold" class="mw-redirect" title="Salpingopharyngeal fold">Salpingopharyngeal fold</a></li> <li><a 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