Prolonged Grief Disorder | Psychology Today Singapore

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layout-container" > <div class="layout-content-full"> <div> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> </div> </div> <div class="layout-container--grid layout-container--primary-left-rail--single"> <div class="layout-content-main"> <div> <div id="block-pt-content" class="block">     <article data-history-node-id="5015966" role="article" class="basics-full"> <div class="content-header d-flex reference-header"> <div class="content-header--text"> <h1 class="reference__title section-title">Prolonged Grief Disorder</h1> <p class="reference__review-info fine-print"> <a href="/sg/docs/editorial-process" class="reference__review-info-link"> <span class="reference__review-info-icon"></span> <span class="reference__review-info-text">Reviewed by Psychology Today Staff</span> </a> </p> </div> </div> <div> <div class="reference__body"> <div class="field-name-body"> <p>Prolonged grief disorder is intense, persistent grief beyond a year after a loved one’s death. This may involve constant thoughts of the person, missing and longing for them, as well as disbelief, <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/sg/basics/identity" title="Psychology Today looks at identity" class="basics-link" hreflang="en-SG">identity</a> disruption, numbness, meaninglessness, <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/sg/basics/loneliness" title="Psychology Today looks at loneliness" class="basics-link" hreflang="en-SG">loneliness</a>, intense emotional pain, and significant impairment in one’s relationships, profession, or daily life.</p> <p>The diagnosis was newly created in 2022, with the publication of the <em><a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/sg/basics/dsm" title="Psychology Today looks at Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders" class="basics-link" hreflang="en-SG">Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders</a>, Fifth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-5-TR).</em> The previous edition, the <em>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5),</em> was published in 2013 and listed persistent complex <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/sg/basics/grief" title="Psychology Today looks at bereavement" class="basics-link" hreflang="en-SG">bereavement</a> disorder as a condition for further study. In the revision, the diagnosis became prolonged grief disorder. It was the only new diagnosis in the revision. (The World Health Organization’s <em><a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/sg/basics/international-classification-of-diseases-icd" title="Psychology Today looks at International Classification of Diseases" class="basics-link" hreflang="en-SG">International Classification of Diseases</a> 11th Revision (ICD-11),</em> which went into effect in 2022, also includes a diagnosis of prolonged grief disorder.) </p> <p>The term “complicated grief” is another formulation of a grief disorder. Complicated grief and prolonged grief disorder emerged from two different camps of researchers and have different ideologies and symptomatologies. Colloquially, however, the two terms are often used interchangeably.</p> <p>The diagnosis is controversial. Some clinicians believe that grief doesn’t abide by a prescribed timeline; it’s painful but natural, and shouldn’t be pathologized. Others believe that it’s helpful to label severe grief, especially when support and services can accompany that label.</p> </div> </div> <div class="table-of-contents border-top"> <h4 class="table-of-contents--title">Contents</h4> <ul> <li class="table-of-contents--item"> <a href="#symptoms"> Symptoms </a> </li> <li class="table-of-contents--item"> <a href="#causes"> Causes </a> </li> <li class="table-of-contents--item"> <a href="#treatment"> Treatment </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="reference__sections"> <div> <div> <div class="section section--separator"> <div id="symptoms" class="section-anchor skip-inline-link-filter"></div> <div class="h2 section-title"> Symptoms </div> <div class="section__body"> <p>Prolonged grief disorder can be diagnosed after 12 months of grief for an adult or six months of grief for a child or adolescent. Symptoms include:</p> <ul><li>Since the death, the development of a persistent grief response characterized by one or both of the following symptoms, which have been present most days to a clinically significant degree. In addition, the symptom(s) has occurred nearly every day for at least the last month: <ul><li>Intense yearning, longing for the deceased person.</li> <li>Preoccupation with thoughts or memories of the deceased person (in children and adolescents, preoccupation may focus on the circumstances of the death).</li> </ul></li> </ul><ul><li>Since the death, at least three of the following symptoms have been present most days to a clinically significant degree. In addition, the symptoms have occurred nearly every day for at least the last month: <ul><li><a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/sg/basics/identity" title="Psychology Today looks at Identity" class="basics-link" hreflang="en-SG">Identity</a> disruption (e.g., feeling as though part of oneself has died) since the death.</li> <li>A marked sense of disbelief about the death.</li> <li>Avoidance of reminders that the person is dead (in children and adolescents, may be characterized by efforts to avoid reminders).</li> <li>Intense emotional pain (e.g., <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/sg/basics/anger" title="Psychology Today looks at anger" class="basics-link" hreflang="en-SG">anger</a>, bitterness, sorrow) related to the death.</li> <li>Difficulty reintegrating into one’s relationships and activities after the death (e.g., problems engaging with friends, pursuing interests, or planning for the future).</li> <li>Emotional numbness (absence or marked reduction of emotional experience) as a result of the death.</li> <li>Feeling that life is meaningless as a result of the death.</li> <li>Intense <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/sg/basics/loneliness" title="Psychology Today looks at loneliness" class="basics-link" hreflang="en-SG">loneliness</a> as a result of the death.</li> </ul></li> </ul><ul><li>The disturbance causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.</li> </ul><ul><li>The duration and severity of the <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/sg/basics/grief" title="Psychology Today looks at bereavement" class="basics-link" hreflang="en-SG">bereavement</a> reaction clearly exceed expected social, cultural, or religious norms for the individual’s culture and context.</li> </ul><ul><li>The symptoms are not better explained by another mental disorder, such as major depressive disorder or post-<a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/sg/basics/trauma" title="Psychology Today looks at traumatic" class="basics-link" hreflang="en-SG">traumatic</a> <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/sg/basics/stress" title="Psychology Today looks at stress" class="basics-link" hreflang="en-SG">stress</a> disorder, and are not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance (e.g., <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/sg/basics/psychopharmacology" title="Psychology Today looks at medication" class="basics-link" hreflang="en-SG">medication</a>, <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/sg/basics/alcohol" title="Psychology Today looks at alcohol" class="basics-link" hreflang="en-SG">alcohol</a>) or another medical condition.</li> </ul> </div> <div class="faqs"> <div class="faq faq--1"> <div itemscope itemprop="mainEntity" itemtype="https://schema.org/Question"> <div class="faq--title d-flex"> <div itemprop="name" class="h3 faq--question"> What is the prevalence of prolonged grief disorder? </div> <div class="faq--control-container"> <button class="faq--control"> <div class="faq--control-icon"> <svg width="13px" height="8px" viewBox="0 0 13 8" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">  <desc>Created with Sketch.</desc> <defs></defs> <g id="-small" stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"> <g id="Tests---Listing-Page---SM" transform="translate(-490.000000, -597.000000)" fill="#2C2D30"> <g id="Left-col" transform="translate(74.000000, 162.000000)"> <g id="Table" transform="translate(0.000000, 426.000000)"> <polygon id="navigatedown" points="422.310547 16.3125 428.621094 10.0019531 427.62793 9 422.310547 14.3173828 416.993164 9 416 10.0019531"></polygon> </g> </g> </g> </g> </svg> </div> </button> </div> </div> <div itemscope="" itemprop="acceptedAnswer" itemtype="https://schema.org/Answer" class="faq--answer"> <div itemprop="text"> <p>As a new diagnosis, the prevalence of prolonged grief disorder remains largely unknown. A <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0165032716318651">meta-analysis</a> published in the <em>Journal of Affective Disorders</em> assessed 14 studies and found that the prevalence of prolonged grief disorder among adults was 9.8 percent. Still, further research, with more standardized protocols, is warranted.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="faq faq--2"> <div itemscope itemprop="mainEntity" itemtype="https://schema.org/Question"> <div class="faq--title d-flex"> <div itemprop="name" class="h3 faq--question"> Why was prolonged grief disorder added to the <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/sg/basics/dsm" title="Psychology Today looks at DSM-5" class="basics-link" hreflang="en-SG">DSM-5</a>-TR? </div> <div class="faq--control-container"> <button class="faq--control"> <div class="faq--control-icon"> <svg width="13px" height="8px" viewBox="0 0 13 8" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">  <desc>Created with Sketch.</desc> <defs></defs> <g id="-small" stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"> <g id="Tests---Listing-Page---SM" transform="translate(-490.000000, -597.000000)" fill="#2C2D30"> <g id="Left-col" transform="translate(74.000000, 162.000000)"> <g id="Table" transform="translate(0.000000, 426.000000)"> <polygon id="navigatedown" points="422.310547 16.3125 428.621094 10.0019531 427.62793 9 422.310547 14.3173828 416.993164 9 416 10.0019531"></polygon> </g> </g> </g> </g> </svg> </div> </button> </div> </div> <div itemscope="" itemprop="acceptedAnswer" itemtype="https://schema.org/Answer" class="faq--answer"> <div itemprop="text"> <p>Proponents of the new diagnosis argue that adding prolonged grief disorder as a diagnosis <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/sg/blog/in-it-together/202205/prolonged-grief-vs-normal-grief">benefits patients</a> by leading to more <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/sg/blog/writing-between-the-lines/202205/living-prolonged-grief-disorder">knowledge about grief,</a> more informed clinicians, greater access to services, <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/sg/blog/two-takes-depression/202202/what-everyone-should-understand-about-prolonged-grief-disorder">more public awareness and recognition,</a> and greater consistency in the grief literature.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="faq faq--3 collapsed"> <div itemscope itemprop="mainEntity" itemtype="https://schema.org/Question"> <div class="faq--title d-flex"> <div itemprop="name" class="h3 faq--question"> How is prolonged grief disorder different than typical grief? </div> <div class="faq--control-container"> <button class="faq--control"> <div class="faq--control-icon"> <svg width="13px" height="8px" viewBox="0 0 13 8" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">  <desc>Created with Sketch.</desc> <defs></defs> <g id="-small" stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"> <g id="Tests---Listing-Page---SM" transform="translate(-490.000000, -597.000000)" fill="#2C2D30"> <g id="Left-col" transform="translate(74.000000, 162.000000)"> <g id="Table" transform="translate(0.000000, 426.000000)"> <polygon id="navigatedown" points="422.310547 16.3125 428.621094 10.0019531 427.62793 9 422.310547 14.3173828 416.993164 9 416 10.0019531"></polygon> </g> </g> </g> </g> </svg> </div> </button> </div> </div> <div itemscope="" itemprop="acceptedAnswer" itemtype="https://schema.org/Answer" class="faq--answer"> <div itemprop="text"> <p>Everyone struggles in the aftermath of a death, navigating sadness, longing, loneliness, meaninglessness, identity disruption, and other difficulties—the same symptoms of the disorder. For the vast majority of people, these challenges dissipate with time. However, there’s a <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/sg/blog/and-running/202204/prolonged-grief-disorder-second-look">small minority</a> of individuals for whom symptoms do not seem to abate; these individuals spend the rest of their lives missing the person, wanting to reunite, and not knowing who they are without their loved one. The disorder applies to this subset of people. </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="faq faq--4 collapsed faq--last"> <div itemscope itemprop="mainEntity" itemtype="https://schema.org/Question"> <div class="faq--title d-flex"> <div itemprop="name" class="h3 faq--question"> What are the critiques of prolonged grief disorder? </div> <div class="faq--control-container"> <button class="faq--control"> <div class="faq--control-icon"> <svg width="13px" height="8px" viewBox="0 0 13 8" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">  <desc>Created with Sketch.</desc> <defs></defs> <g id="-small" stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"> <g id="Tests---Listing-Page---SM" transform="translate(-490.000000, -597.000000)" fill="#2C2D30"> <g id="Left-col" transform="translate(74.000000, 162.000000)"> <g id="Table" transform="translate(0.000000, 426.000000)"> <polygon id="navigatedown" points="422.310547 16.3125 428.621094 10.0019531 427.62793 9 422.310547 14.3173828 416.993164 9 416 10.0019531"></polygon> </g> </g> </g> </g> </svg> </div> </button> </div> </div> <div itemscope="" itemprop="acceptedAnswer" itemtype="https://schema.org/Answer" class="faq--answer"> <div itemprop="text"> <p>Prolonged grief disorder has garnered several critiques. One is that it’s inaccurate and potentially harmful to delineate a precise timeline for grief. Another is that a diagnosis may serve to pathologize the natural pain of grief. Yet another is that the decision may have been influenced by pharmaceutical companies, insurance companies, and others who stand to make money from treating people for a natural human experience.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="pt-ad pt-ad--300x250 d-block d-none d-md-block d-lg-none block" id="block-ad-subpage-300x250-programmatically-rendered"> <div class="pt-ad--container pt-ad-show-text"> <div class="pt-ad--text"> <span>article continues after advertisement</span> </div> <div id="div-gpt-ad-1404853927369-9" class="pt-ad--content"> <script type="text/javascript"> if (window.googletag && googletag.apiReady) { googletag.cmd.push(function () { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1404853927369-9'); }); } </script> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="section section--separator"> <div id="causes" class="section-anchor skip-inline-link-filter"></div> <div class="h2 section-title"> Causes </div> <div class="section__body"> <p>Prolonged grief disorder results, of course, from the death of a loved one. Everyone experiences grief differently, but certain factors may heighten the likelihood of developing the condition, according to the <em>DSM-5-TR.</em> These include:</p> <ul><li>Increased dependency on the deceased prior to the death</li> <li>The death of a child</li> <li>The death of a spouse or partner</li> <li>A violent or unexpected death</li> <li>Economic stressors</li> <li>Disturbances in <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/sg/basics/caregiving" title="Psychology Today looks at caregiver" class="basics-link" hreflang="en-SG">caregiver</a> availability and support for bereaved children.</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="section section--separator"> <div id="treatment" class="section-anchor skip-inline-link-filter"></div> <div class="h2 section-title"> Treatment </div> <div class="section__body"> <p><a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/sg/basics/therapy" title="Psychology Today looks at Therapy" class="basics-link" hreflang="en-SG">Therapy</a> can help those suffering from prolonged grief. One form of therapy shown to help the bereaved is called complicated grief treatment. This approach uses elements of <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/sg/basics/cognitive-behavioral-therapy" title="Psychology Today looks at cognitive-behavioral" class="basics-link" hreflang="en-SG">cognitive-behavioral</a> therapy and <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/sg/basics/attachment" title="Psychology Today looks at attachment" class="basics-link" hreflang="en-SG">attachment</a> theory. It helps patients understand the nature of grief, process their emotions, accept the reality of their loss, develop coping skills, establish new <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/sg/basics/motivation" title="Psychology Today looks at goals" class="basics-link" hreflang="en-SG">goals</a>, shore up relationships, and build a fulfilling life while honoring their loved one’s <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/sg/basics/memory" title="Psychology Today looks at memory" class="basics-link" hreflang="en-SG">memory</a>. <a href="https://focus.psychiatryonline.org/doi/10.1176/appi.focus.20200052">Research shows</a> that complicated grief treatment can effectively reduce symptoms among those with prolonged grief disorder.</p> <p>In addition to therapy, <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/sg/blog/on-call/202401/grief-what-is-normal-and-what-is-prolonged-grief-disorder">support groups often help the bereaved</a> feel heard, find community, and gain coping skills.</p> <p>Treatments can also target related symptoms and conditions that can accompany bereavement, such as post-traumatic stress disorder or <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/sg/basics/insomnia" title="Psychology Today looks at insomnia" class="basics-link" hreflang="en-SG">insomnia</a>.</p> <p>No medications are approved to treat prolonged grief disorder, although some may benefit from exploring <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/sg/basics/ssris" title="Psychology Today looks at antidepressants" class="basics-link" hreflang="en-SG">antidepressants</a> or anti-<a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/sg/basics/anxiety" title="Psychology Today looks at anxiety" class="basics-link" hreflang="en-SG">anxiety</a> medications.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="reference__citations section--separator"> <h5>References</h5> <div class="citations"> <div class="citation citation--1"> <em>The聽Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision.</em> </div> <div class="citation citation--2"> <em>The聽Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition.</em> </div> <div class="citation citation--3"> Lunderoff, M., et al. Prevalence of prolonged grief disorder in adult bereavement: A systematic review and meta-analysis.聽<em>Journal of Affective Disorders,聽</em>April 2017. </div> <div class="citation citation--4"> Szuhany, K., et al. Prolonged Grief Disorder: Course, Diagnosis, Assessment, and Treatment. <em>The Journal of Lifelong Learning in Psychiatry. </em>June, 2021. </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> <aside class="layout-content-left-rail--first" role="complementary"> <div> <div id="block-conditionsnavigation" class="block index-page-menu"> <article> <div class="h2 index-page-menu--title"> Diagnosis Dictionary </div> <div class="index-page-menu--image hero--image"> <img src="https://cdn2.psychologytoday.com/assets/styles/index_page_navigation_image/public/2021-06/conditions-shutterstock-1696550344_0.jpg?itok=XiF2PjYS" width="519" height="198" alt="Decorative Image" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="index-page-menu--items"> <div class="views-element-container"><div class="js-view-dom-id-06802eb18eaa8a2230c0f78b68bda385855e1d1df3342497bc27520eee68c6c8"> <div class="accordion"> <div class="h2 block-title accordion--title"><span class="title-text">Abuse/Neglect</span></div> <ul class="list-unstyled accordion--content accordion--content--closed"> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/child-abuse" title="Child Abuse ">Child Abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/child-neglect" title="Child Neglect ">Child Neglect</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/elder-or-dependent-adult-abuse" title="Elder or Dependent Adult Abuse ">Elder or Dependent Adult Abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/elder-or-dependent-adult-neglect" title="Elder or Dependent Adult Neglect ">Elder or Dependent Adult Neglect</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/pedophilia" title="Pedophilia ">Pedophilia</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/reactive-attachment-disorder" title="Reactive Attachment Disorder ">Reactive Attachment Disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/sexual-sadism-disorder" title="Sexual Sadism Disorder ">Sexual Sadism Disorder</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="accordion"> <div class="h2 block-title accordion--title"><span class="title-text">Addictions/Substance 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title="Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder (HPPD) ">Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder (HPPD) </a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/hallucinogens" title="Hallucinogens ">Hallucinogens</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/inhalant-related-disorders" title="Inhalant-Related Disorders ">Inhalant-Related Disorders</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/nicotine" title="Nicotine ">Nicotine</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/opioids" title="Opioids ">Opioids</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/sedative-hypnotic-and-anxiolytic-related-disorders" title="Sedative, Hypnotic, and Anxiolytic-Related Disorders ">Sedative, Hypnotic, and Anxiolytic-Related Disorders</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/sedatives" title="Sedatives ">Sedatives</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/stimulant-related-disorders" title="Stimulant-Related Disorders ">Stimulant-Related Disorders</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/substance-related-disorders" title="Substance-Related Disorders 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href="/sg/conditions/empty-nest-syndrome" title="Empty Nest Syndrome ">Empty Nest Syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/erectile-disorder" title="Erectile Disorder ">Erectile Disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/midlife" title="Midlife ">Midlife</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/neurocognitive-disorders-mild-and-major" title="Neurocognitive Disorders (Mild and Major) ">Neurocognitive Disorders (Mild and Major)</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="accordion"> <div class="h2 block-title accordion--title"><span class="title-text">Anxiety/Phobia</span></div> <ul class="list-unstyled accordion--content accordion--content--closed"> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/acute-stress-disorder" title="Acute Stress Disorder ">Acute Stress Disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/adjustment-disorder" title="Adjustment Disorder ">Adjustment Disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/agoraphobia" title="Agoraphobia ">Agoraphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/body-dysmorphic-disorder" title="Body Dysmorphic Disorder ">Body Dysmorphic Disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/generalized-anxiety-disorder" title="Generalized Anxiety Disorder ">Generalized Anxiety Disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/hypersomnolence" title="Hypersomnolence ">Hypersomnolence</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/illness-anxiety-disorder" title="Illness Anxiety Disorder ">Illness Anxiety Disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/insomnia" title="Insomnia ">Insomnia</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/nightmares" title="Nightmares ">Nightmares</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/obsessive-compulsive-disorder" title="Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder ">Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/panic-attack" title="Panic Attack ">Panic Attack</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/panic-disorder" title="Panic Disorder ">Panic Disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/post-traumatic-stress-disorder" title="Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder ">Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/separation-anxiety" title="Separation Anxiety ">Separation Anxiety</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/social-anxiety-disorder-social-phobia" title="Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia) ">Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia)</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/specific-phobia" title="Specific Phobia ">Specific Phobia</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/tinnitus" title="Tinnitus ">Tinnitus</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/vertigo" title="Vertigo ">Vertigo</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="accordion"> <div class="h2 block-title accordion--title"><span class="title-text">Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity</span></div> <ul class="list-unstyled accordion--content accordion--content--closed"> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adult" title="Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Adult ">Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Adult</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-children" title="Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Children ">Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Children</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-teen" title="Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Teen ">Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Teen</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/developmental-coordination-disorder" title="Developmental Coordination Disorder ">Developmental Coordination Disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/dysgraphia" title="Dysgraphia ">Dysgraphia</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/dyspraxia" title="Dyspraxia ">Dyspraxia</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="accordion"> <div class="h2 block-title accordion--title"><span class="title-text">Bipolar Disorders</span></div> <ul class="list-unstyled accordion--content accordion--content--closed"> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/bipolar-disorder" title="Bipolar Disorder ">Bipolar Disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/cyclothymic-disorder" title="Cyclothymic Disorder ">Cyclothymic Disorder</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="accordion"> <div class="h2 block-title accordion--title"><span class="title-text">Child/Adolescent</span></div> <ul class="list-unstyled accordion--content accordion--content--closed"> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/aspergers" title="Asperger's Syndrome ">Asperger's Syndrome </a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-children" title="Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Children ">Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Children</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/autism-spectrum-disorder" title="Autism Spectrum Disorder ">Autism Spectrum Disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/child-abuse" title="Child Abuse ">Child Abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/child-neglect" title="Child Neglect ">Child Neglect</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/childhood-onset-fluency-disorder" title="Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder ">Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/communication-disorders" title="Communication Disorders ">Communication Disorders</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/conduct-disorder" title="Conduct Disorder ">Conduct Disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/disinhibited-social-engagement-disorder" title="Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder ">Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/disruptive-mood-dysregulation-disorder-children-and-adolescents" title="Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (Children and Adolescents) ">Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (Children and Adolescents)</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/dyscalculia" title="Dyscalculia ">Dyscalculia</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/dysgraphia" title="Dysgraphia ">Dysgraphia</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/dyslexia" title="Dyslexia ">Dyslexia</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/dyspraxia" title="Dyspraxia ">Dyspraxia</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/encopresis" title="Encopresis ">Encopresis</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/enuresis" title="Enuresis ">Enuresis</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/intellectual-disability-intellectual-developmental-disorder" title="Intellectual Disability (Intellectual Developmental Disorder) ">Intellectual Disability (Intellectual Developmental Disorder)</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/language-disorder" title="Language Disorder ">Language Disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/learning-disability" title="Learning Disability ">Learning Disability</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/nonverbal-learning-disorder" title="Nonverbal Learning Disorder ">Nonverbal Learning Disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/pedophilia" title="Pedophilia ">Pedophilia</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/provisional-tic-disorder" title="Provisional Tic Disorder ">Provisional Tic Disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/reactive-attachment-disorder" title="Reactive Attachment Disorder ">Reactive Attachment Disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/selective-mutism" title="Selective Mutism ">Selective Mutism</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/separation-anxiety" title="Separation Anxiety ">Separation Anxiety</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/speech-sound-disorder" title="Speech Sound Disorder ">Speech Sound Disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/tourettes-disorder" title="Tourette's Disorder ">Tourette's Disorder</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="accordion"> <div class="h2 block-title accordion--title"><span class="title-text">Communication Disorders</span></div> <ul class="list-unstyled accordion--content accordion--content--closed"> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/childhood-onset-fluency-disorder" title="Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder ">Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/communication-disorders" title="Communication Disorders ">Communication Disorders</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/language-disorder" title="Language Disorder ">Language Disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/speech-sound-disorder" title="Speech Sound Disorder ">Speech Sound Disorder</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="accordion"> <div class="h2 block-title accordion--title--open"><span class="title-text">Depression/Mood</span></div> <ul class="list-unstyled accordion--content accordion--content--closed accordion--content--open"> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/adjustment-disorder" title="Adjustment Disorder ">Adjustment Disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/bereavement" title="Bereavement ">Bereavement</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/co-occurring-disorders" title="Co-Occurring Disorders ">Co-Occurring Disorders</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/depressive-disorders" title="Depressive Disorders ">Depressive Disorders</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/persistent-depressive-disorder-dysthymia" title="Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia) ">Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/postpartum-disorder" title="Postpartum Disorder ">Postpartum Disorder</a></li> <li class="active"><a href="/sg/conditions/prolonged-grief-disorder" title="Prolonged Grief Disorder ">Prolonged Grief Disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/seasonal-affective-disorder" title="Seasonal Affective Disorder ">Seasonal Affective Disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/visual-snow" title="Visual Snow ">Visual Snow</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="accordion"> <div class="h2 block-title accordion--title"><span class="title-text">Dissociation</span></div> <ul class="list-unstyled accordion--content accordion--content--closed"> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/depersonalizationderealization-disorder" title="Depersonalization / Derealization Disorder ">Depersonalization / Derealization Disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/dissociative-amnesia" title="Dissociative Amnesia ">Dissociative Amnesia</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/dissociative-fugue-psychogenic-fugue" title="Dissociative Fugue (Psychogenic Fugue) ">Dissociative Fugue (Psychogenic Fugue)</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/dissociative-identity-disorder-multiple-personality-disorder" title="Dissociative Identity Disorder (Multiple Personality Disorder) ">Dissociative Identity Disorder (Multiple Personality Disorder)</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="accordion"> <div class="h2 block-title accordion--title"><span class="title-text">Eating Disorders</span></div> <ul class="list-unstyled accordion--content accordion--content--closed"> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/anorexia-nervosa" title="Anorexia Nervosa ">Anorexia Nervosa</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/arfid-avoidant-restrictive-food-intake-disorder" title="ARFID (Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder) ">ARFID (Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder)</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/binge-eating-disorder-compulsive-overeating" title="Binge-Eating Disorder (Compulsive Overeating) ">Binge-Eating Disorder (Compulsive Overeating)</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/bulimia-nervosa" title="Bulimia Nervosa ">Bulimia Nervosa</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/eating-disorders" title="Eating Disorders ">Eating Disorders</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/obesity" title="Obesity ">Obesity</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/pica" title="Pica ">Pica</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/rumination-disorder" title="Rumination Disorder ">Rumination Disorder</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="accordion"> <div class="h2 block-title accordion--title"><span class="title-text">Impulse Control Disorders</span></div> <ul class="list-unstyled accordion--content accordion--content--closed"> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/intermittent-explosive-disorder" title="Intermittent Explosive Disorder ">Intermittent Explosive Disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/kleptomania" title="Kleptomania ">Kleptomania</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/oppositional-defiant-disorder" title="Oppositional Defiant Disorder ">Oppositional Defiant Disorder </a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/pyromania" title="Pyromania ">Pyromania</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="accordion"> <div class="h2 block-title accordion--title"><span class="title-text">Movement Disorders</span></div> <ul class="list-unstyled accordion--content accordion--content--closed"> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/developmental-coordination-disorder" title="Developmental Coordination Disorder ">Developmental Coordination Disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/parkinsons-disease" title="Parkinson's Disease ">Parkinson's Disease</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/persistent-chronic-motor-or-vocal-tic-disorder" title="Persistent (Chronic) Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder ">Persistent (Chronic) Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/provisional-tic-disorder" title="Provisional Tic Disorder ">Provisional Tic Disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/stereotypic-movement-disorder" title="Stereotypic Movement Disorder ">Stereotypic Movement Disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/tourettes-disorder" title="Tourette's Disorder ">Tourette's Disorder</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="accordion"> <div class="h2 block-title accordion--title"><span class="title-text">Neurocognitive Disorders</span></div> <ul class="list-unstyled accordion--content accordion--content--closed"> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/alzheimers-disease" title="Alzheimer's Disease ">Alzheimer's Disease</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/dyscalculia" title="Dyscalculia ">Dyscalculia</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/dysgraphia" title="Dysgraphia ">Dysgraphia</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/dyslexia" title="Dyslexia ">Dyslexia</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/dyspraxia" title="Dyspraxia ">Dyspraxia</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/frontotemporal-dementia" title="Frontotemporal Dementia ">Frontotemporal Dementia</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/intellectual-disability-intellectual-developmental-disorder" title="Intellectual Disability (Intellectual Developmental Disorder) ">Intellectual Disability (Intellectual Developmental Disorder)</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/lewy-body-dementia" title="Lewy Body Dementia ">Lewy Body Dementia</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/neurocognitive-disorders-mild-and-major" title="Neurocognitive Disorders (Mild and Major) ">Neurocognitive Disorders (Mild and Major)</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="accordion"> <div class="h2 block-title accordion--title"><span class="title-text">Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders</span></div> <ul class="list-unstyled accordion--content accordion--content--closed"> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/dermatillomania-skin-picking" title="Dermatillomania (Skin Picking) ">Dermatillomania (Skin Picking)</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/hoarding-disorder" title="Hoarding Disorder ">Hoarding Disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/obsessive-compulsive-disorder" title="Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder ">Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/onychophagia-nail-biting" title="Onychophagia (Nail Biting) ">Onychophagia (Nail Biting)</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/trichotillomania-hair-pulling" title="Trichotillomania (Hair Pulling) ">Trichotillomania (Hair Pulling)</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="accordion"> <div class="h2 block-title accordion--title"><span class="title-text">Personality</span></div> <ul class="list-unstyled accordion--content accordion--content--closed"> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/antisocial-personality-disorder" title="Antisocial Personality Disorder ">Antisocial Personality Disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/sg/conditions/avoidant-personality-disorder" title="Avoidant Personality Disorder ">Avoidant Personality Disorder</a></li> <li><a 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