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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bacaan_lebih_lanjut" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bacaan_lebih_lanjut"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bacaan lebih lanjut</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bacaan_lebih_lanjut-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pranala_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pranala_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Pranala luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pranala_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kimia organologam</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 43 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-43" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">43 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organometaalchemie" title="Organometaalchemie – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Organometaalchemie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%B9%D8%B6%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="كيمياء عضوية فلزية – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كيمياء عضوية فلزية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%C3%ADmica_organomet%C3%A1lica" title="Química organometálica – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Química organometálica" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Металоорганична химия – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Металоорганична химия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%AC-%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%AC_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A8" title="জৈব-ধাতব রসায়ন – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জৈব-ধাতব রসায়ন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%C3%ADmica_organomet%C3%A0l%C2%B7lica" title="Química organometàl·lica – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Química organometàl·lica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organokovov%C3%A1_chemie" title="Organokovová chemie – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Organokovová chemie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organometallisk_kemi" title="Organometallisk kemi – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Organometallisk kemi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallorganische_Chemie" title="Metallorganische Chemie – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Metallorganische Chemie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organometallic_chemistry" title="Organometallic chemistry – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Organometallic chemistry" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organometala_%C4%A5emio" title="Organometala ĥemio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Organometala ĥemio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%C3%ADmica_organomet%C3%A1lica" title="Química organometálica – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Química organometálica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimika_organometaliko" title="Kimika organometaliko – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kimika organometaliko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D9%84%DB%8C_%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="شیمی آلی فلزی – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شیمی آلی فلزی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimie_organom%C3%A9tallique" title="Chimie organométallique – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Chimie organométallique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%A0%D7%95-%D7%9E%D7%AA%D7%9B%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%AA" title="כימיה אורגנו-מתכתית – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כימיה אורגנו-מתכתית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="कार्बधातुक यौगिक – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कार्बधातुक यौगिक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9morganikus_k%C3%A9mia" title="Fémorganikus kémia – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Fémorganikus kémia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimica_metallorganica" title="Chimica metallorganica – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Chimica metallorganica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%A9%9F%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="有機金属化学 – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="有機金属化学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A5%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ორგანომეტალური ქიმია – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ორგანომეტალური ქიმია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EA%B8%B0%EA%B8%88%EC%86%8D%ED%99%94%ED%95%99" title="유기금속화학 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="유기금속화학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemia_organometallica" title="Chemia organometallica – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Chemia organometallica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organometallchimie" title="Organometallchimie – Luksemburg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Organometallchimie" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luksemburg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organometaliniai_junginiai" title="Organometaliniai junginiai – Lituavi" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Organometaliniai junginiai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituavi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Органометална хемија – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Органометална хемија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organometaalchemie" title="Organometaalchemie – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Organometaalchemie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quimia_organometallica" title="Quimia organometallica – Ositania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Quimia organometallica" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ositania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%C3%ADmica_organomet%C3%A1lica" title="Química organometálica – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Química organometálica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimie_organometalic%C4%83" title="Chimie organometalică – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Chimie organometalică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Металлоорганическая химия – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Металлоорганическая химия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organometalna_hemija" title="Organometalna hemija – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Organometalna hemija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organometallic_chemistry" title="Organometallic chemistry – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Organometallic chemistry" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organometalna_hemija" title="Organometalna hemija – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Organometalna hemija" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimia_organologam" title="Kimia organologam – Sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Kimia organologam" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallorganisk_kemi" title="Metallorganisk kemi – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Metallorganisk kemi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE_%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%95_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="கரிம உலோக வேதியியல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கரிம உலோக வேதியியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a 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mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:N-butyllithium-tetramer-3D-balls.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/N-butyllithium-tetramer-3D-balls.png/200px-N-butyllithium-tetramer-3D-balls.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/N-butyllithium-tetramer-3D-balls.png/300px-N-butyllithium-tetramer-3D-balls.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/N-butyllithium-tetramer-3D-balls.png/400px-N-butyllithium-tetramer-3D-balls.png 2x" data-file-width="1001" data-file-height="1100" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/N-Butillitium" title="N-Butillitium"><i>n</i>-Butillitium</a>, suatu senyawa organologam. Empat atom litium (ungu) membentuk <a href="/wiki/Tetrahedron" title="Tetrahedron">tetrahedron</a>, dengan empat gugus <a href="/w/index.php?title=Butil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Butil (halaman belum tersedia)">butil</a> menempel pada sisi muka (karbon berwarna hitam, hidrogen berwarna putih).</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Kimia organologam</b> adalah studi mengenai <b>senyawa organologam</b>, <a href="/wiki/Senyawa_kimia" title="Senyawa kimia">senyawa kimia</a> yang mengandung setidaknya satu <a href="/wiki/Ikatan_kimia" title="Ikatan kimia">ikatan kimia</a> antara atom <a href="/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon">karbon</a> dari sebuah molekul organik dan <a href="/wiki/Logam" title="Logam">logam</a>, termasuk alkali, alkali tanah, dan <a href="/wiki/Logam_transisi" title="Logam transisi">logam transisi</a>, dan terkadang diperluas untuk mencakup metaloid seperti boron, silikon, dan timah, pula.<sup id="cite_ref-Crabtree09_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crabtree09-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Selain ikatan untuk fragmen atau molekul organil, ikatan dengan karbon 'anorganik', seperti <a href="/wiki/Karbon_monoksida" title="Karbon monoksida">karbon monoksida</a> (karbonil logam), sianida, atau karbida, umumnya dianggap organologam juga. Beberapa senyawa yang terkait seperti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Logam_transisi_hidrida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Logam transisi hidrida (halaman belum tersedia)">logam transisi hidrida</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kompleks_logam_fosfina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kompleks logam fosfina (halaman belum tersedia)">kompleks logam fosfina</a> sering dimasukkan dalam diskusi senyawa organologam, meskipun secara tegas, mereka tidak selalu merupakan organologam. Istilah yang terkait tetapi berbeda "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metalorganik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metalorganik (halaman belum tersedia)">senyawa metalorganik</a>" mengacu pada senyawa yang mengandung logam yang kurang memiliki ikatan logam-karbon langsung tetapi yang mengandung ligan organik. Logam β-diketonat, alkoksida, dialkilamida, dan kompleks logam fosfina merupakan anggota perwakilan dari golongan ini. Bidang kimia organologam menggabungkan aspek-aspek <a href="/wiki/Kimia_anorganik" title="Kimia anorganik">kimia anorganik</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Kimia_organik" title="Kimia organik">organik</a> tradisional.<sup id="cite_ref-Elschenbroich_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Elschenbroich-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Senyawa organologam secara luas digunakan baik secara stoikiometrik dalam penelitian dan reaksi <a href="/wiki/Kimia_industri" title="Kimia industri">kimia industri</a>, maupun dalam peran katalis untuk meningkatkan <a href="/wiki/Laju_reaksi" title="Laju reaksi">laju reaksi</a> tersebut (misalnya, seperti dalam penggunaan <a href="/wiki/Katalisis" title="Katalisis">katalisis</a> homogen), di mana molekul target termasuk <a href="/wiki/Polimer" title="Polimer">polimer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Obat-obatan" class="mw-redirect" title="Obat-obatan">obat-obatan</a>, dan banyak jenis produk praktis lainnya. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sejarah">Sejarah</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_organologam&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Sejarah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_organologam&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sejarah"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Perkembangan awal dalam kimia organologam termasuk sintesis senyawa metil arsenat oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Claude_Cadet_de_Gassicourt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis Claude Cadet de Gassicourt (halaman belum tersedia)">Louis Claude Cadet</a> yang terkait dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kakodil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kakodil (halaman belum tersedia)">kakodil</a>, penemuan <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Christopher_Zeise&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Christopher Zeise (halaman belum tersedia)">William Christopher Zeise</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> mengenai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Garam_Zeise&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garam Zeise (halaman belum tersedia)">kompleks platinum-etilena</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> penemuan <a href="/wiki/Edward_Frankland" title="Edward Frankland">Edward Frankland</a> mengenai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dietilseng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dietilseng (halaman belum tersedia)">dietil-</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dimetil_seng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dimetil seng (halaman belum tersedia)">dimetil seng</a>, penemuan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludwig_Mond&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ludwig Mond (halaman belum tersedia)">Ludwig Mond</a> atas <a href="/wiki/Nikel_tetrakarbonil" title="Nikel tetrakarbonil">Ni(CO)<sub>4</sub></a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Crabtree09_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crabtree09-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan senyawa organomagnesium <a href="/wiki/Victor_Grignard" title="Victor Grignard">Victor Grignard</a>. (Meskipun tidak selalu diakui sebagai senyawa organologam, <a href="/wiki/Biru_Prusia" title="Biru Prusia">biru Prusia</a>, kompleks besi-sianida bervalensi-campuran, pertama kali disiapkan pada tahun 1706 oleh pembuat cat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Johann_Jacob_Diesbach&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johann Jacob Diesbach (halaman belum tersedia)">Johann Jacob Diesbach</a> sebagai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polimer_koordinasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polimer koordinasi (halaman belum tersedia)">polimer koordinasi</a> pertama dan bahan sintetis yang mengandung ikatan logam-karbon.<sup id="cite_ref-Crabtree09_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crabtree09-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) Produk yang melimpah dan beragam dari batubara dan <a href="/wiki/Minyak_bumi" title="Minyak bumi">minyak bumi</a> mengarah pada katalisis <a href="/wiki/Katalis_Ziegler%E2%80%93Natta" title="Katalis Ziegler–Natta">Ziegler-Natta</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fischer-Tropsch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fischer-Tropsch (halaman belum tersedia)">Fischer-Tropsch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hidroformilasi" title="Hidroformilasi">hidroformilasi</a> yang melibatkan CO, H<sub>2</sub>, dan alkena sebagai bahan baku dan ligan. </p><p>Pengakuan kimia organologam sebagai subbidang yang berbeda memuncak dalam Hadiah Nobel untuk <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Otto_Fischer" title="Ernst Otto Fischer">Ernst Fischer</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Wilkinson" title="Geoffrey Wilkinson">Geoffrey Wilkinson</a> untuk karyanya pada <a href="/wiki/Metalosena" title="Metalosena">metalosena</a>. Pada tahun 2005, <a href="/wiki/Yves_Chauvin" title="Yves Chauvin">Yves Chauvin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Grubbs" title="Robert H. Grubbs">Robert H. Grubbs</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Richard_R._Schrock" title="Richard R. Schrock">Richard R. Schrock</a> berbagi Hadiah Nobel untuk <a href="/wiki/Metatesis_olefin" title="Metatesis olefin">metatesis olefin</a> dikatalisis-logam.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reaksi_organologam">Reaksi organologam</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_organologam&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Reaksi organologam" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_organologam&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Reaksi organologam"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sintesis banyak molekul organik difasilitasi oleh kompleks organologam. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Metatesis_ikatan_sigma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metatesis ikatan sigma (halaman belum tersedia)">Metatesis ikatan sigma</a> adalah metode sintetis untuk membentuk <a href="/wiki/Ikatan_sigma" title="Ikatan sigma">ikatan sigma</a> karbon-karbon baru. Metatesis ikatan sigma biasanya digunakan dengan kompleks-kompleks logam transisi awal yang berada dalam keadaan oksidasi tertinggi.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Menggunakan logam-logam transisi yang berada dalam keadaan oksidasi tertinggi mencegah reaksi lain terjadi, seperti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adisi_oksidatif&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adisi oksidatif (halaman belum tersedia)">adisi oksidatif</a>. Selain metatesis ikatan sigma, <a href="/wiki/Metatesis_olefin" title="Metatesis olefin">metatesis olefin</a> digunakan untuk mensintesis berbagai <a href="/wiki/Ikatan_pi" title="Ikatan pi">ikatan pi</a> karbon-karbon. Baik metatesis ikatan sigma atau metatesis olefin mengubah keadaan oksidasi logam.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Banyak metode lain yang digunakan untuk membentuk <a href="/wiki/Ikatan_karbon-karbon" class="mw-redirect" title="Ikatan karbon-karbon">ikatan karbon-karbon</a> yang baru, termasuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eliminasi_beta-hidrida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eliminasi beta-hidrida (halaman belum tersedia)">eliminasi beta-hidrida</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reaksi_penyisipan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reaksi penyisipan (halaman belum tersedia)">reaksi penyisipan</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aplikasi_industri">Aplikasi industri</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_organologam&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Aplikasi industri" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_organologam&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Aplikasi industri"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:ConstrainedGeomCmpx.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/ConstrainedGeomCmpx.png/220px-ConstrainedGeomCmpx.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/ConstrainedGeomCmpx.png/330px-ConstrainedGeomCmpx.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/ConstrainedGeomCmpx.png/440px-ConstrainedGeomCmpx.png 2x" data-file-width="862" data-file-height="837" /></a><figcaption>Suatu kompleks organotitanium dengan geometri yang dibatasi adalah suatu prakatalis untuk polimerisasi olefin.</figcaption></figure> <p>Senyawa organologam menemukan penggunaan luasnya dalam reaksi komersial, baik sebagai <a href="/wiki/Katalisis" title="Katalisis">katalisis</a> homogen dan sebagai pereaksi stoikiometri. Misalnya, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Senyawa_organolitium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senyawa organolitium (halaman belum tersedia)">senyawa organolitium</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Organomagnesium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Organomagnesium (halaman belum tersedia)">organomagnesium</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Organoaluminium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Organoaluminium (halaman belum tersedia)">organoaluminium</a>, contoh dari yang sangat basa dan sangat mereduksi, berguna secara stoikiometri, tetapi juga mengkatalisis banyak reaksi <a href="/wiki/Polimerisasi" title="Polimerisasi">polimerisasi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Elschenbroich_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Elschenbroich-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hampir semua proses yang melibatkan <a href="/wiki/Karbon_monoksida" title="Karbon monoksida">karbon monoksida</a> bergantung pada katalis, contoh-contoh penting digambarkan sebagai <a href="/wiki/Karbonilasi" title="Karbonilasi">karbonilasi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ullmann_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ullmann-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Produksi asam asetat dari metanol dan karbon monoksida dikatalisis melalui <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kompleks_logam_karbonil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kompleks logam karbonil (halaman belum tersedia)">kompleks logam karbonil</a> dalam <a href="/wiki/Proses_Monsanto" title="Proses Monsanto">proses Monsanto</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Proses_Cativa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proses Cativa (halaman belum tersedia)">proses Cativa</a>. Kebanyakan aldehida sintetis diproduksi melalui <a href="/wiki/Hidroformilasi" title="Hidroformilasi">hidroformilasi</a>. Sebagian besar alkohol sintetis, setidaknya yang lebih besar dari etanol, diproduksi oleh <a href="/wiki/Hidrogenasi" title="Hidrogenasi">hidrogenasi</a> aldehida turunan hidroformilasi. Demikian pula, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Proses_Wacker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proses Wacker (halaman belum tersedia)">proses Wacker</a> digunakan dalam oksidasi <a href="/wiki/Etilena" class="mw-redirect" title="Etilena">etilena</a> menjadi <a href="/wiki/Asetaldehida" title="Asetaldehida">asetaldehida</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hampir semua proses industri yang melibatkan polimer turunan <a href="/wiki/Alkena" title="Alkena">alkena</a> bergantung pada katalis organologam. Polietilena dan polipropilena dunia dihasilkan secara heterogen melalui <a href="/wiki/Katalis_Ziegler%E2%80%93Natta" title="Katalis Ziegler–Natta">katalis Ziegler–Natta</a> dan secara homogen, misalnya, melalui <a href="/w/index.php?title=Katalis_geometri_terbatas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Katalis geometri terbatas (halaman belum tersedia)">katalis geometri terbatas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sebagian besar proses yang melibatkan hidrogen bergantung pada katalis berbasis logam. Sedangkan hidrogenasi massal, misalnya produksi <a href="/wiki/Margarin" title="Margarin">margarin</a>, bergantung pada katalis heterogen, Untuk produksi bahan kimia, <a href="/wiki/Hidrogenasi" title="Hidrogenasi">hidrogenasi</a> ini bergantung pada kompleks organologam terlarut atau melibatkan <a href="/wiki/Zat_antara" class="mw-redirect" title="Zat antara">zat antara</a> organologam.<sup id="cite_ref-Rylander_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rylander-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kompleks organologam memungkinkan hidrogenasi ini dilakukan secara asimetris. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semikonduktor_III-V&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Semikonduktor III-V (halaman belum tersedia)">Banyak semikonduktor</a> diproduksi dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Trimetilgalium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trimetilgalium (halaman belum tersedia)">trimetilgalium</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Trimetilindium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trimetilindium (halaman belum tersedia)">trimetilindium</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Trimetilaluminium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trimetilaluminium (halaman belum tersedia)">trimetilaluminium</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Trimetilantimoni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trimetilantimoni (halaman belum tersedia)">trimetilantimoni</a>. Senyawa volatil ini terdekomposisi bersama dengan <a href="/wiki/Amonia" title="Amonia">amonia</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arsina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arsina (halaman belum tersedia)">arsina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fosfina" title="Fosfina">fosfina</a> dan hidrida terkait pada substrat yang dipanaskan melalui <a href="/w/index.php?title=Epitaksi_fase_uap_metalorganik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Epitaksi fase uap metalorganik (halaman belum tersedia)">epitaksi fase uap metalorganik</a> (<i>metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy</i>; MOVPE) dalam produksi <a href="/wiki/Dioda_pemancar_cahaya" title="Dioda pemancar cahaya">dioda pemancar cahaya</a> (LED). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_pula">Lihat pula</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_organologam&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Lihat pula" 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reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Crabtree09-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Crabtree09_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Crabtree09_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Crabtree09_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_H._Crabtree&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert H. Crabtree (halaman belum tersedia)">Crabtree, Robert H.</a> (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0470257628"><i>The Organometallic Chemistry of the Transition Metals</i></a> (dalam bahasa Inggris) (edisi ke-5th). New York, NY: <a href="/wiki/John_Wiley_and_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="John Wiley and Sons">John Wiley and Sons</a>. hlm. 2, 560, dan <i>passim</i>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0470257628" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0470257628">0470257628</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">23 Mei</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Organometallic+Chemistry+of+the+Transition+Metals&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pages=2%2C+560%2C+dan+%27%27passim%27%27&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=John+Wiley+and+Sons&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=0470257628&rft.au=Crabtree%2C+Robert+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fisbn%3D0470257628&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKimia+organologam" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Elschenbroich-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Elschenbroich_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Elschenbroich_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Oliveira, José; Elschenbroich, Christoph (2006). <i>Organometallics</i> (dalam bahasa Inggris) (edisi ke-3., completely rev. and extended). Weinheim: Wiley-VCH-Verl. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-3-527-29390-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-3-527-29390-2">978-3-527-29390-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Organometallics&rft.place=Weinheim&rft.edition=3.%2C+completely+rev.+and+extended&rft.pub=Wiley-VCH-Verl.&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-3-527-29390-2&rft.aulast=Oliveira&rft.aufirst=Jos%C3%A9&rft.au=Elschenbroich%2C+Christoph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKimia+organologam" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Hunt, L. B. (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924074325/http://www.platinummetalsreview.com/pdf/pmr-v28-i2-076-083.pdf">"The First Organometallic Compounds: William Christopher Zeise and his Platinum Complexes"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platinum_Metals_Rev.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Platinum Metals Rev. (halaman belum tersedia)">Platinum Metals Rev.</a></i> <b>28</b> (2): 76–83. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.platinummetalsreview.com/pdf/pmr-v28-i2-076-083.pdf">versi asli</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> tanggal 2015-09-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2018-07-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Platinum+Metals+Rev.&rft.atitle=The+First+Organometallic+Compounds%3A+William+Christopher+Zeise+and+his++Platinum+Complexes&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=76-83&rft.date=1984&rft.au=Hunt%2C+L.+B.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.platinummetalsreview.com%2Fpdf%2Fpmr-v28-i2-076-083.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKimia+organologam" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Christopher_Zeise&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Christopher Zeise (halaman belum tersedia)">Zeise, W. C.</a> (1831). "Von der Wirkung zwischen Platinchlorid und Alkohol, und von den dabei entstehenden neuen Substanzen". <i><a href="/wiki/Annalen_der_Physik" title="Annalen der Physik">Annalen der Physik</a></i> (dalam bahasa Jerman). <b>97</b> (4): 497–541. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1831AnP....97..497Z">1831AnP....97..497Z</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fandp.18310970402">10.1002/andp.18310970402</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annalen+der+Physik&rft.atitle=Von+der+Wirkung+zwischen+Platinchlorid+und+Alkohol%2C+und+von+den+dabei+entstehenden+neuen+Substanzen&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=497-541&rft.date=1831&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fandp.18310970402&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1831AnP....97..497Z&rft.aulast=Zeise&rft.aufirst=W.+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKimia+organologam" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Dragutan, V.; Dragutan, I.; Balaban, A. T. (2006). "2005 Nobel Prize in Chemistry". <i>Platinum Metals Review</i> (dalam bahasa Inggris). <b>50</b> (1): 35–37. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1595%2F147106706X94140">10.1595/147106706X94140</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0032-1400">0032-1400</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Platinum+Metals+Review&rft.atitle=2005+Nobel+Prize+in+Chemistry&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=35-37&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1595%2F147106706X94140&rft.issn=0032-1400&rft.aulast=Dragutan&rft.aufirst=V.&rft.au=Dragutan%2C+I.&rft.au=Balaban%2C+A.+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKimia+organologam" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Waterman, Rory (2013-12-23). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/om400760k">"σ-Bond Metathesis: A 30-Year Retrospective"</a>. <i>Organometallics</i> (dalam bahasa Inggris). <b>32</b> (24): 7249–7263. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fom400760k">10.1021/om400760k</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0276-7333">0276-7333</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Organometallics&rft.atitle=%CF%83-Bond+Metathesis%3A+A+30-Year+Retrospective&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=24&rft.pages=7249-7263&rft.date=2013-12-23&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fom400760k&rft.issn=0276-7333&rft.aulast=Waterman&rft.aufirst=Rory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1021%2Fom400760k&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKimia+organologam" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ilpi.com/organomet/olmetathesis.html">"The Organometallic HyperTextBook: Olefin Metathesis"</a>. <i>www.ilpi.com</i> (dalam bahasa Inggris)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">26 Desember</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ilpi.com&rft.atitle=The+Organometallic+HyperTextBook%3A+Olefin+Metathesis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ilpi.com%2Forganomet%2Folmetathesis.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKimia+organologam" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ilpi.com/organomet/sigmabond.html">"Organometallic HyperTextBook: Sigma Bond Metathesis"</a>. <i>www.ilpi.com</i> (dalam bahasa Inggris)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">26 Desember</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ilpi.com&rft.atitle=Organometallic+HyperTextBook%3A++Sigma+Bond+Metathesis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ilpi.com%2Forganomet%2Fsigmabond.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKimia+organologam" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ullmann-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ullmann_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFW._Bertleff;_M._Roeper;_X._Sava2005" class="citation">W. Bertleff; M. Roeper; X. Sava (2005), "Carbonylation", <i><a href="/wiki/Ullmann%27s_Encyclopedia_of_Industrial_Chemistry" title="Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry">Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry</a></i>, Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F14356007.a05_217">10.1002/14356007.a05_217</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Carbonylation&rft.btitle=Ullmann%27s+Encyclopedia+of+Industrial+Chemistry&rft.place=Weinheim&rft.pub=Wiley-VCH&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F14356007.a05_217&rft.au=W.+Bertleff%3B+M.+Roeper%3B+X.+Sava&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKimia+organologam" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Banyak_nama:_authors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Leeuwen, Piet W.N.M. van (2004). <i>Homogeneous catalysis : understanding the art</i> (dalam bahasa Inggris). Dordrecht: Springer. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-4020-3176-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-4020-3176-2">978-1-4020-3176-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Homogeneous+catalysis+%3A+understanding+the+art&rft.place=Dordrecht&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-4020-3176-2&rft.aulast=Leeuwen&rft.aufirst=Piet+W.N.M.+van&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKimia+organologam" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Klosin, Jerzy; Fontaine, Philip P.; Figueroa, Ruth (2015). "Development of Group IV Molecular Catalysts for High Temperature Ethylene-α-Olefin Copolymerization Reactions". <i>Accounts of Chemical Research</i> (dalam bahasa Inggris). <b>48</b> (7): 2004–2016. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Facs.accounts.5b00065">10.1021/acs.accounts.5b00065</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0001-4842">0001-4842</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Accounts+of+Chemical+Research&rft.atitle=Development+of+Group+IV+Molecular+Catalysts+for+High+Temperature+Ethylene-%CE%B1-Olefin+Copolymerization+Reactions&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=2004-2016&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Facs.accounts.5b00065&rft.issn=0001-4842&rft.aulast=Klosin&rft.aufirst=Jerzy&rft.au=Fontaine%2C+Philip+P.&rft.au=Figueroa%2C+Ruth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKimia+organologam" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rylander-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rylander_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Paul N. Rylander, "Hydrogenation and Dehydrogenation" in <i>Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry</i>, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2005. <a href="/wiki/Pengenal_objek_digital" title="Pengenal objek digital">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/14356007.a13_487">10.1002/14356007.a13_487</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bacaan_lebih_lanjut">Bacaan lebih lanjut</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_organologam&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Bacaan lebih lanjut" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_organologam&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Bacaan lebih lanjut"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation book">Elschenbroich, Christoph (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?isbn=3527805141"><i>Organometallics</i></a> (dalam bahasa Inggris) (edisi ke-3). New York, NY: <a href="/wiki/John_Wiley_and_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="John Wiley and Sons">John Wiley and Sons</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/3527805141" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/3527805141">3527805141</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">23 Mei</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Organometallics&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.edition=3&rft.pub=John+Wiley+and+Sons&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=3527805141&rft.au=Elschenbroich%2C+Christoph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fisbn%3D3527805141&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKimia+organologam" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Clayden, Jonathan ; Greeves, Nick & Warren, Stuart (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0199270295"><i>Organic Chemistry</i></a> (dalam bahasa Inggris) (edisi ke-2). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. hlm. 132f 182–196, 218ff. 444f, 509f, 656–693 <i>passim</i>, 858, 1009, 1069–1101, 1107–1131 <i>passim</i>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0199270295" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0199270295">0199270295</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Organic+Chemistry&rft.place=Oxford%2C+UK&rft.pages=132f+182-196%2C+218ff.+444f%2C+509f%2C+656-693+%27%27passim%27%27%2C+858%2C+1009%2C+1069-1101%2C+1107-1131+%27%27passim%27%27&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=0199270295&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fisbn%3D0199270295&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKimia+organologam" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Menggunakan parameter penulis (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Menggunakan_parameter_penulis" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Menggunakan parameter penulis">link</a>) </span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_H._Crabtree&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert H. Crabtree (halaman belum tersedia)">Crabtree, Robert H.</a> (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0470257628"><i>The Organometallic Chemistry of the Transition Metals</i></a> (dalam bahasa Inggris) (edisi ke-5). New York, NY: <a href="/wiki/John_Wiley_and_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="John Wiley and Sons">John Wiley and Sons</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0470257628" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0470257628">0470257628</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">23 Mei</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Organometallic+Chemistry+of+the+Transition+Metals&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.edition=5&rft.pub=John+Wiley+and+Sons&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=0470257628&rft.au=Crabtree%2C+Robert+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fisbn%3D0470257628&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKimia+organologam" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Jenkins, Paul R. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0198556667"><i>Organometallic Reagents in Synthesis</i></a>. Oxford Chemistry Primers, No. 3 (dalam bahasa Inggris). Oxford, UK: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0198556667" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0198556667">0198556667</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1367-109X">1367-109X</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">23 Mei</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Organometallic+Reagents+in+Synthesis&rft.place=Oxford%2C+UK&rft.series=Oxford+Chemistry+Primers%2C+No.+3&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.issn=1367-109X&rft.isbn=0198556667&rft.au=Jenkins%2C+Paul+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fisbn%3D0198556667&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKimia+organologam" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Pearson, Anthony J. (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0471904406"><i>Metallo-organic Chemistry</i></a> (dalam bahasa Inggris). New York, NY: <a href="/wiki/John_Wiley_and_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="John Wiley and Sons">John Wiley and Sons</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0471904465" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0471904465">0471904465</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">23 Mei</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Metallo-organic+Chemistry&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=John+Wiley+and+Sons&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=0471904465&rft.au=Pearson%2C+Anthony+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fisbn%3D0471904406&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKimia+organologam" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pranala_luar">Pranala luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_organologam&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bagian: Pranala luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_organologam&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pranala 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href="https://id.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Kimia_organologam" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Kimia organologam">Kimia organologam</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <p><br /> </p> <ul><li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060625174426/http://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/Chemistry/5-44Fall-2004/CourseHome/index.htm">MIT OpenCourseWare: Organometallic Chemistry</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ilpi.com/organomet/">Rob Toreki's Organometallic HyperTextbook</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cabang <a href="/wiki/Kimia" title="Kimia">kimia</a> terkait</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_organik" title="Kimia organik">Kimia organik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_anorganik" title="Kimia anorganik">Kimia anorganik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_bioanorganik" title="Kimia bioanorganik">Kimia bioanorganik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cabang_ilmu_kimia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" 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class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kamus_rumus_kimia" title="Kamus rumus kimia">Kamus rumus kimia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_biomolekul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar biomolekul (halaman belum tersedia)">Daftar biomolekul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daftar_senyawa_anorganik" title="Daftar senyawa anorganik">Daftar senyawa anorganik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabel_Periodik" class="mw-redirect" title="Tabel Periodik">Tabel Periodik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kimia_analitik" class="mw-redirect" title="Kimia analitik">Kimia analitik</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_instrumental&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimia instrumental (halaman belum tersedia)">Kimia instrumental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metode_elektroanalitik" title="Metode elektroanalitik">Metode elektroanalitik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spektroskopi" title="Spektroskopi">Spektroskopi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spektroskopi_inframerah" title="Spektroskopi inframerah">IR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spektroskopi_Raman" title="Spektroskopi Raman">Raman</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spektroskopi_ultraviolet%E2%80%93tampak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spektroskopi ultraviolet–tampak (halaman belum tersedia)">UV-Vis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spektroskopi_resonansi_magnetik_nuklir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spektroskopi resonansi magnetik nuklir (halaman belum tersedia)">NMR</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spektrometri_massa" title="Spektrometri massa">Spektrometri massa</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ionisasi_elektron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ionisasi elektron (halaman belum tersedia)">EI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spektrometri_massa_plasma_gandeng_induktif" title="Spektrometri massa plasma gandeng induktif">ICP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Desorpsi/ionisasi_laser_berbantuan_matriks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Desorpsi/ionisasi laser berbantuan matriks (halaman belum tersedia)">MALDI</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proses_pemisahan" title="Proses pemisahan">Proses pemisahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kromatografi" title="Kromatografi">Kromatografi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kromatografi_gas" title="Kromatografi gas">GC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kromatografi_cair_kinerja_tinggi" title="Kromatografi cair kinerja tinggi">HPLC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Femtokimia" title="Femtokimia">Femtokimia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristalografi" title="Kristalografi">Kristalografi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karakterisasi_(ilmu_material)" class="mw-redirect" title="Karakterisasi (ilmu material)">Karakterisasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titrasi" title="Titrasi">Titrasi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_basah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimia basah (halaman belum tersedia)">Kimia basah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalorimetri" title="Kalorimetri">Kalorimetri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Analisis_unsur" title="Analisis unsur">Analisis unsur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kimia_fisika" class="mw-redirect" title="Kimia fisika">Kimia fisika</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elektrokimia" title="Elektrokimia">Elektrokimia</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spektroelektrokimia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spektroelektrokimia (halaman belum tersedia)">Spektroelektrokimia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fotoelektrokimia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fotoelektrokimia (halaman belum tersedia)">Fotoelektrokimia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Termokimia" title="Termokimia">Termokimia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Termodinamika_kimia" title="Termodinamika kimia">Termodinamika kimia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_permukaan" title="Ilmu permukaan">Ilmu permukaan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilmu_antarmuka_dan_koloid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ilmu antarmuka dan koloid (halaman belum tersedia)">Ilmu antarmuka dan koloid</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikromeritik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mikromeritik (halaman belum tersedia)">Mikromeritik</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kriokimia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kriokimia (halaman belum tersedia)">Kriokimia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sonokimia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sonokimia (halaman belum tersedia)">Sonokimia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_struktural&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimia struktural (halaman belum tersedia)">Kimia struktural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisika_kimia" class="mw-redirect" title="Fisika kimia">Fisika kimia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinetika_kimia" title="Kinetika kimia">Kinetika kimia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_kuantum" title="Kimia kuantum">Kimia kuantum</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_spin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimia spin (halaman belum tersedia)">Kimia spin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fotokimia" title="Fotokimia">Fotokimia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_gelombang_mikro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimia gelombang mikro (halaman belum tersedia)">Kimia gelombang mikro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_kesetimbangan" title="Kimia kesetimbangan">Kimia kesetimbangan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kimia_anorganik" title="Kimia anorganik">Kimia anorganik</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kompleks_koordinasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kompleks koordinasi">Kimia koordinasi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnetokimia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Magnetokimia (halaman belum tersedia)">Magnetokimia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kimia organologam</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_organolantanida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimia organolantanida (halaman belum tersedia)">Kimia organolantanida</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_bioanorganik" title="Kimia bioanorganik">Kimia bioanorganik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_bioorganologam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimia bioorganologam (halaman belum tersedia)">Kimia bioorganologam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gugus_fungsi" title="Gugus fungsi">Kimia gugus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_zat_padat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimia zat padat (halaman belum tersedia)">Kimia zat padat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_keramik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimia keramik (halaman belum tersedia)">Kimia keramik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_material" class="mw-redirect" title="Ilmu material">Ilmu material</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metalurgi" title="Metalurgi">Metalurgi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teknik_keramik" title="Teknik keramik">Teknik keramik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_polimer" title="Kimia polimer">Ilmu polimer</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kimia_organik" title="Kimia organik">Kimia organik</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stereokimia" title="Stereokimia">Stereokimia</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stereokimia_alkana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stereokimia alkana (halaman belum tersedia)">Stereokimia alkana</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_organik_fisik" title="Kimia organik fisik">Kimia organik fisik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reaksi_organik" title="Reaksi organik">Reaksi organik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Analisis_retrosintetik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Analisis retrosintetik (halaman belum tersedia)">Analisis retrosintetik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sintesis_enansioselektif&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sintesis enansioselektif (halaman belum tersedia)">Sintesis enansioselektif</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sintesis_total&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sintesis total (halaman belum tersedia)">Sintesis total</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Semisintesis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Semisintesis (halaman belum tersedia)">Semisintesis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_obat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimia obat (halaman belum tersedia)">Kimia obat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Farmakologi" title="Farmakologi">Farmakologi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_fulerena" title="Kimia fulerena">Kimia fulerena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_polimer" title="Kimia polimer">Kimia polimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrokimia" title="Petrokimia">Petrokimia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_kovalen_dinamis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimia kovalen dinamis (halaman belum tersedia)">Kimia kovalen dinamis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Biokimia" title="Biokimia">Biokimia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_bioorganik" title="Kimia bioorganik">Kimia bioorganik</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biologi_molekuler" title="Biologi molekuler">Biologi molekuler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sel_biologi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sel biologi">Sel biologi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biologi_kimia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biologi kimia (halaman belum tersedia)">Biologi kimia</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_bioortogonal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimia bioortogonal (halaman belum tersedia)">Kimia bioortogonal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_klinis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimia klinis (halaman belum tersedia)">Kimia klinis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurokimia" title="Neurokimia">Neurokimia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_biofisik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimia biofisik (halaman belum tersedia)">Kimia biofisik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lain-lain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_nuklir" title="Kimia nuklir">Kimia nuklir</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radiokimia" title="Radiokimia">Radiokimia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_radiasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimia radiasi (halaman belum tersedia)">Kimia radiasi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_aktinida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimia aktinida (halaman belum tersedia)">Kimia aktinida</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmokimia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosmokimia">Kosmokimia</a> / <a href="/wiki/Astrokimia" title="Astrokimia">Astrokimia</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_bintang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimia bintang (halaman belum tersedia)">Kimia bintang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geokimia" title="Geokimia">Geokimia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biogeokimia" title="Biogeokimia">Biogeokimia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fotogeokimia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fotogeokimia (halaman belum tersedia)">Fotogeokimia</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_lingkungan" title="Kimia lingkungan">Kimia lingkungan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_atmosfer" title="Kimia atmosfer">Kimia atmosfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_laut" class="mw-redirect" title="Kimia laut">Kimia laut</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_tanah_liat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimia tanah liat (halaman belum tersedia)">Kimia tanah liat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karbokimia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karbokimia (halaman belum tersedia)">Karbokimia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_makanan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimia makanan (halaman belum tersedia)">Kimia makanan</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_karbohidrat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimia karbohidrat (halaman belum tersedia)">Kimia karbohidrat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_fisik_makanan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimia fisik makanan (halaman belum tersedia)">Kimia fisik makanan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_pertanian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimia pertanian (halaman belum tersedia)">Kimia pertanian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_tanah" title="Kimia tanah">Kimia tanah</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pendidikan_kimia" title="Pendidikan kimia">Pendidikan kimia</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_amatir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimia amatir (halaman belum tersedia)">Kimia amatir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_umum" title="Kimia umum">Kimia umum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_klandestin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimia klandestin (halaman belum tersedia)">Kimia klandestin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_forensik" title="Kimia forensik">Kimia forensik</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toksikologi_forensik" title="Toksikologi forensik">Toksikologi forensik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_post-mortem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimia post-mortem (halaman belum tersedia)">Kimia post-mortem</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanokimia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nanokimia (halaman belum tersedia)">Nanokimia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_supramolekul" title="Kimia supramolekul">Kimia supramolekul</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sintesis_kimia" title="Sintesis kimia">Sintesis kimia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_hijau" title="Kimia hijau">Kimia hijau</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_klik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimia klik (halaman belum tersedia)">Kimia klik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_kombinatorial" title="Kimia kombinatorial">Kimia kombinatorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biosintesis" title="Biosintesis">Biosintesis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teknik_Kimia" class="mw-redirect" title="Teknik Kimia">Teknik Kimia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_komputasi" title="Kimia komputasi">Kimia komputasi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_matematika" title="Kimia matematika">Kimia matematika</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_teoretis" title="Kimia teoretis">Kimia teoretis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lihat pula</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sejarah_kimia" title="Sejarah kimia">Sejarah kimia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadiah_Nobel_dalam_Kimia" class="mw-redirect" title="Hadiah Nobel dalam Kimia">Hadiah Nobel dalam Kimia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garis_waktu_kimia" title="Garis waktu kimia">Garis waktu kimia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Penemuan_unsur_kimia" title="Penemuan unsur kimia">penemuan unsur</a></li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pusat_ilmu_pengetahuan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pusat ilmu pengetahuan (halaman belum tersedia)">Pusat ilmu pengetahuan</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reaksi_kimia" title="Reaksi kimia">Reaksi kimia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Katalisis" title="Katalisis">Katalisis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unsur_kimia" title="Unsur kimia">Unsur kimia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senyawa_kimia" title="Senyawa kimia">Senyawa kimia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">Atom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molekul" title="Molekul">Molekul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion" title="Ion">Ion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zat_kimia" title="Zat kimia">Zat kimia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikatan_kimia" title="Ikatan kimia">Ikatan kimia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alkimia" title="Alkimia">Alkimia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mekanika_kuantum" title="Mekanika kuantum">Mekanika kuantum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Symbol_category_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Category"><img alt="Category" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Kimia" title="Kategori:Kimia">Kategori</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="Portal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Kimia" title="Portal:Kimia">Portal</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Commons page"><img alt="Commons page" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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