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data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B0%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="بذريات – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بذريات" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spermatophyta" title="Spermatophyta – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Spermatophyta" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxumlu_bitkil%C9%99r" title="Toxumlu bitkilər – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Toxumlu bitkilər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Насенныя расліны – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Насенныя расліны" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Насенныя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Насенныя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Семенни растения – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Семенни растения" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9C_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE" title="बीज वाला पौधा – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="बीज वाला पौधा" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjemenja%C4%8De" title="Sjemenjače – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Sjemenjače" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espermat%C3%B2fits" title="Espermatòfits – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Espermatòfits" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semenn%C3%A9_rostliny" title="Semenné rostliny – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Semenné rostliny" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%C4%83%D1%80%C4%83%D0%BB%D0%BB%C4%83_%D3%B3%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%C4%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Вăрăллă ӳсентăран – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Вăрăллă ӳсентăран" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%B8planter" title="Frøplanter – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Frøplanter" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samenpflanzen" title="Samenpflanzen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Samenpflanzen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CF%8C%CF%86%CF%85%CF%84%CE%B1" title="Σπερματόφυτα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σπερματόφυτα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seed_plant" title="Seed plant – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Seed plant" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semplantoj" title="Semplantoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Semplantoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spermatophyta" title="Spermatophyta – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Spermatophyta" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seemnetaimed" title="Seemnetaimed – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Seemnetaimed" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanerogamo" title="Fanerogamo – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Fanerogamo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" title="پیدازادان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پیدازادان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siemenkasvit" title="Siemenkasvit – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Siemenkasvit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spermatophyta" title="Spermatophyta – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Spermatophyta" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siadplaanten" title="Siadplaanten – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Siadplaanten" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spermatophyta" title="Spermatophyta – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Spermatophyta" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espermat%C3%B3fita" title="Espermatófita – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Espermatófita" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%99_%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%A2" title="צמחי זרע – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צמחי זרע" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6" title="पुष्पोद्भिद – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पुष्पोद्भिद" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjemenja%C4%8De" title="Sjemenjače – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Sjemenjače" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vir%C3%A1gos_n%C3%B6v%C3%A9nyek" title="Virágos növények – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Virágos növények" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%80_%D5%A2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B5%D5%BD%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Սերմնավոր բույսեր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սերմնավոր բույսեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbuhan_berbiji" title="Tumbuhan berbiji – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tumbuhan berbiji" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spermatophyte" title="Spermatophyte – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Spermatophyte" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanerogamo" title="Fanerogamo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Fanerogamo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A6pl%C3%B6ntur" title="Fræplöntur – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Fræplöntur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spermatophyta" title="Spermatophyta – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Spermatophyta" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A8%AE%E5%AD%90%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="種子植物 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="種子植物" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetanduran_wewiji" title="Tetanduran wewiji – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Tetanduran wewiji" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%AA%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="თესლოვანი მცენარეები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="თესლოვანი მცენარეები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinifsanin" title="Tinifsanin – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tinifsanin" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%B1%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D3%A9%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Тұқымды өсімдіктер – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Тұқымды өсімдіктер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A2%85%EC%9E%90%EC%8B%9D%EB%AC%BC" title="종자식물 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="종자식물" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riwek%C3%AAn_tovdar" title="Riwekên tovdar – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Riwekên tovdar" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%83_%D3%A9%D1%81%D2%AF%D0%BC%D0%B4%D2%AF%D0%BA%D1%82%D3%A9%D1%80" title="Уруктуу өсүмдүктөр – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Уруктуу өсүмдүктөр" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somplanzen" title="Somplanzen – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Somplanzen" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%93klaugi" title="Sēklaugi – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Sēklaugi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Семени растенија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Семени растенија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="ബീജസസ്യം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബീജസസ്യം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spermatofit" title="Spermatofit – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Spermatofit" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%85%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B7%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AD%E1%80%A1%E1%80%95%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="အစေ့ရှိအပင် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အစေ့ရှိအပင်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xinachtlanelhuay%C5%8Dtl" title="Xinachtlanelhuayōtl – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Xinachtlanelhuayōtl" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaodplaanten" title="Zaodplaanten – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Zaodplaanten" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaadplanten" title="Zaadplanten – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Zaadplanten" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%B8plantar" title="Frøplantar – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Frøplantar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%B8planter" title="Frøplanter – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Frøplanter" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spermatophyta" title="Spermatophyta – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Spermatophyta" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ro%C5%9Bliny_nasienne" title="Rośliny nasienne – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rośliny nasienne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espermat%C3%B3fitas" title="Espermatófitas – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Espermatófitas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muruyuq" title="Muruyuq – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Muruyuq" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spermatofite" title="Spermatofite – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Spermatofite" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Семенные растения – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Семенные растения" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spermatophyte" title="Spermatophyte – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Spermatophyte" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjemenja%C4%8De" title="Sjemenjače – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Sjemenjače" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spermatophyte" title="Spermatophyte – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="Spermatophyte" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seed_plants" title="Seed plants – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Seed plants" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semenn%C3%A9_rastliny" title="Semenné rastliny – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Semenné rastliny" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semenke" title="Semenke – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Semenke" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spermatophyta" title="Spermatophyta – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Spermatophyta" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutuwuhan_Siki" title="Tutuwuhan Siki – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Tutuwuhan Siki" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%B6v%C3%A4xter" title="Fröväxter – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Fröväxter" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="வித்துத் தாவரங்கள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வித்துத் தாவரங்கள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81_%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%95" title="విత్తనపు మొక్క – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="విత్తనపు మొక్క" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tohumlu_bitkiler" title="Tohumlu bitkiler – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tohumlu bitkiler" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%96" title="Насінні – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Насінні" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piante_da_fioro" title="Piante da fioro – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Piante da fioro" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BB%B1c_v%E1%BA%ADt_c%C3%B3_h%E1%BA%A1t" title="Thực vật có hạt – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thực vật có hạt" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spermatophyta" title="Spermatophyta – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Spermatophyta" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spermatophyta" title="Spermatophyta – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Spermatophyta" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%8D%E5%AD%90%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="种子植物 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="种子植物" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li 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(2015)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ruggiero_et_al._(2015)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vernacular_names" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vernacular_names"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Vernacular names</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vernacular_names-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Baiera_cf._furcata_-_National_Museum_of_Nature_and_Science%2C_Tokyo_-_DSC07002.JPG/220px-Baiera_cf._furcata_-_National_Museum_of_Nature_and_Science%2C_Tokyo_-_DSC07002.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Baiera_cf._furcata_-_National_Museum_of_Nature_and_Science%2C_Tokyo_-_DSC07002.JPG/330px-Baiera_cf._furcata_-_National_Museum_of_Nature_and_Science%2C_Tokyo_-_DSC07002.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Baiera_cf._furcata_-_National_Museum_of_Nature_and_Science%2C_Tokyo_-_DSC07002.JPG/440px-Baiera_cf._furcata_-_National_Museum_of_Nature_and_Science%2C_Tokyo_-_DSC07002.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3950" data-file-height="3054" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Baiera" title="Baiera">Baiera</a></i></figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taxonavigation">Taxonavigation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spermatophyta&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Taxonavigation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Superregnum: <a href="/wiki/Eukaryota" title="Eukaryota">Eukaryota</a> <br /> Regnum: <a href="/wiki/Plantae" title="Plantae">Plantae</a> <br /> Divisio: <a href="/wiki/Tracheophyta" title="Tracheophyta">Tracheophyta</a><br /> Cladus: <a href="/wiki/Euphyllophytina" title="Euphyllophytina">Euphyllophytina</a><br /> Cladus: <a href="/wiki/Radiatopses" title="Radiatopses">Radiatopses</a><br /> Cladus: <a href="/wiki/Lignophyta" title="Lignophyta">Lignophyta</a><br /> Cladus: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Spermatophyta</a><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spermatophyta&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Spermatophyta Willkomm, 1854 </p><p><b>Synonyms</b> </p> <ul><li>Phanerogamae <i>sensu</i> Bartling, 1830, Brongniart, 1843</li> <li>Anthophyta <i>sensu</i> Braun in Ascherson, 1864</li> <li>Siphonogamae <i>sensu</i> Engler, 1886</li> <li>Magnoliophyta <i>sensu</i> Takhtajan, 1964</li> <li>Spermatophytina (auct.) Cavalier-Smith, 1998</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classifications">Classifications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spermatophyta&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Classifications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bartling_(1830)"><span id="Bartling_.281830.29"></span>Bartling (1830)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spermatophyta&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Bartling (1830)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Ordines naturales plantarum</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/75730#/summary">[1]</a>. See Lindley (1846), <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32198#page/44/mode/1up">[2]</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Plantae_(L.)" title="Plantae (L.)">Vegetabilia (Plantae)</a> </p> <ul><li>Cellularia <ul><li>Homonemea (Fungi, Lichenes, Algae)</li> <li>Heteronemea (Musci)</li></ul></li> <li>Vascularia <ul><li>Cryptogama</li> <li><b>Phanerogama</b> <ul><li>Monocotyledonea</li> <li>Dicotyledonea</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brongniart_(1843)"><span id="Brongniart_.281843.29"></span>Brongniart (1843)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spermatophyta&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Brongniart (1843)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Énumération des genres de plantes cultivées au Musée d'histoire naturelle de Paris</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://books.google.com.br/books?id=Vz8-AAAAcAAJ">[3]</a>. See Lindley (1846), <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32198#page/56/mode/1up">[4]</a>, Engler & Gilg (1919), <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/117072#page/33/mode/1up">[5]</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Plantae_(L.)" title="Plantae (L.)">Règne Végétal</a> </p> <ul><li>Division Cryptogames (Cryptogamae) <ul><li>Amphigénes (Amphigenae)</li> <li>Acrogénes (Acrogenae)</li></ul></li> <li>Division <b>Phanérogames</b> (<b>Phanerogamae</b>) <ul><li>Monocotylédones (Monocotyledoneae)</li> <li>Dicotylédones (Dicotyledoneae) <ul><li>Angiospermes (Angiospermae)</li> <li>Gymnospermes (Gymnospermae)</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Willkomm_(1854)"><span id="Willkomm_.281854.29"></span>Willkomm (1854)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spermatophyta&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Willkomm (1854)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Anleitung zum Studium der wissenschaftlichen Botanik</i>, 2 vols., 1854, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IWg-AAAAcAAJ">[6]</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Omg-AAAAcAAJ">[7]</a>. </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sporophyta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sporophyta (page does not exist)">Sporophyta</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angiosporae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angiosporae (page does not exist)">Angiosporae</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fungi" title="Fungi">Fungi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lichenes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lichenes (page does not exist)">Lichenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algae" title="Algae">Algae</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gymnosporae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gymnosporae (page does not exist)">Gymnosporae</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hepaticae" class="mw-redirect" title="Hepaticae">Hepaticae</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Musci_frondosi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Musci frondosi (page does not exist)">Musci frondosi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filices&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filices (page does not exist)">Filices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equisetaceae" title="Equisetaceae">Equisetaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhizocarpeae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rhizocarpeae (page does not exist)">Rhizocarpeae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycopodiaceae" title="Lycopodiaceae">Lycopodiaceae</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Spermatophyta</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gymnospermae" title="Gymnospermae">Gymnospermae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angiospermae" class="mw-redirect" title="Angiospermae">Angiospermae</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monocotyledoneae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monocotyledoneae (page does not exist)">Monocotyledoneae</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dicotyledoneae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dicotyledoneae (page does not exist)">Dicotyledoneae</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Braun_in_Ascherson_(1864)"><span id="Braun_in_Ascherson_.281864.29"></span>Braun in Ascherson (1864)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spermatophyta&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Braun in Ascherson (1864)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span style="font-variant: small-caps;" class="vcard"><span class="fn n nickname"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Friedrich_August_Ascherson" title="Paul Friedrich August Ascherson">Ascherson, P.F.A.</a></span></span> 1861–1864. <i><a href="/wiki/Flora_der_Provinz_Brandenburg" title="Flora der Provinz Brandenburg">Flora der Provinz Brandenburg</a>, der Altmark und des Herzogthums Magdeburg.</i> Erste Abtheilung. A. Hirschwald, Berlin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/viewer/12097/#page=1&viewer=picture&o=bookmark&n=0&q=">Biblioteca Digital</a> <a href="/wiki/Template:Ascherson,_1864" title="Template:Ascherson, 1864">Reference page</a>. . See Engler & Gilg (1919), <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/117072#page/33/mode/1up">[8]</a>.</li></ul> <p>[In <a href="/wiki/Plantae_(L.)" title="Plantae (L.)">Plantae (L.)</a>] </p> <ul><li>Bryophyta <ul><li>Thallodea (Algen, Flechten, Pilze)</li> <li>Thallophyllodea (Charen, Moose)</li></ul></li> <li>Cormophyta</li> <li><b>Anthophyta</b> <ul><li>Gymnospermae</li> <li>Angiospermae <ul><li>Monocotyledones</li> <li>Dicotyledones</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Engler_(1886)"><span id="Engler_.281886.29"></span>Engler (1886)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spermatophyta&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Engler (1886)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Engler, A. 1886. <i>Führer durch den königlich botanischen Garten der Universität zu Breslau</i>. Breslau: J. U. Kern's Verlag, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150405085956/http://archive.bgbm.org/bgbm/library/E-Lit/Engler/">[9]</a>. </p><p>[In <a href="/wiki/Plantae_(L.)" title="Plantae (L.)">Plantae (L.)</a>] </p> <ul><li>Myzetozoa [p. 10] <ul><li>Myxomycetes</li></ul></li> <li>Thallophyta <ul><li>Schizophyta</li> <li>Algae</li> <li>Fungi</li> <li>Characeae</li></ul></li> <li>Zoidiogamae (Archegoniatae) <ul><li>Bryophyta</li> <li>Pteridophyta</li></ul></li> <li><b>Siphonogamae</b> (<b>Phanerogamae</b>, <b>Anthophyta</b>) <ul><li>Gymnospemae (Archispermae)</li> <li>Angiospermae (Metaspermae) <ul><li>Klasse Monocotyledoneae</li> <li>Klasse Dicotyledoneae <ul><li>Unterklasse Archichlamydeae</li> <li>Unterklasse Sympetalae</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Takhtajan_(1964)"><span id="Takhtajan_.281964.29"></span>Takhtajan (1964)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spermatophyta&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Takhtajan (1964)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Takhtajan, A. (1964). The taxa of the higher plants above the rank of order. <i>Taxon</i> 13(5): 160–164, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200516014900/https://www.iapt-taxon.org/historic/Congress/IBC_1964/above_order.pdf">[10]</a>. </p><p>Subregnum <a href="/wiki/Embryophyta" title="Embryophyta">Telomobionta (= Cormobionta)</a> </p> <ul><li>1. Divisio Psilophyta</li> <li>2. Divisio Bryophyta</li> <li>3. Divisio Lycopodiophyta (= Lycophyta, Lepidophyta)</li> <li>4. Divisio Psilotophyta</li> <li>5. Divisio Equisetophyta (= Sphenophyta, Calamophyta)</li> <li>6. Divisio Polypodiophyta (= Pteridophyta s.str., Pterophyta s.str.)</li> <li>7. Divisio <b>Magnoliophyta</b> (= <b>Spermatophyta</b>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ruggiero_et_al._(2015)"><span id="Ruggiero_et_al._.282015.29"></span>Ruggiero et al. (2015)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spermatophyta&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Ruggiero et al. (2015)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ruggiero, M.A., Gordon, D.P., Orrell, T.M., Bailly, N., Bourgoin, T., Brusca, R.C., Cavalier-Smith, T., Guiry, M. D. & Kirk, P. M. (2015). A Higher Level Classification of All Living Organisms. <i>PLoS ONE</i> 10(4): e0119248, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0119248">[11]</a>. </p> <ul><li>Superkingdom <a href="/wiki/Eukaryota" title="Eukaryota">Eukaryota</a> <ul><li>Kingdom <a href="/wiki/Plantae" title="Plantae">Plantae</a> [= <a href="/wiki/Archaeplastida" title="Archaeplastida">Archaeplastida</a>] <ul><li>Subkingdom <a href="/wiki/Biliphyta" title="Biliphyta">Biliphyta</a> <ul><li>Phylum <a href="/wiki/Glaucophyta" title="Glaucophyta">Glaucophyta</a></li> <li>Phylum <a href="/wiki/Rhodophyta" title="Rhodophyta">Rhodophyta</a></li></ul></li> <li>Subkingdom <a href="/wiki/Viridiplantae" title="Viridiplantae">Viridiplantae</a> <ul><li>Infrakingdom <a href="/wiki/Chlorophyta" title="Chlorophyta">Chlorophyta</a></li> <li>Infrakingdom <a href="/wiki/Streptophyta" title="Streptophyta">Streptophyta</a> <ul><li>Superphylum <a href="/wiki/Charophyta" title="Charophyta">Charophyta</a></li> <li>Superphylum <a href="/wiki/Embryophyta" title="Embryophyta">Embryophyta</a> <ul><li>Phylum <a href="/wiki/Anthocerotophyta" title="Anthocerotophyta">Anthocerotophyta</a></li> <li>Phylum <a href="/wiki/Bryophyta" title="Bryophyta">Bryophyta</a></li> <li>Phylum <a href="/wiki/Marchantiophyta" title="Marchantiophyta">Marchantiophyta</a></li> <li>Phylum <a href="/wiki/Tracheophyta" title="Tracheophyta">Tracheophyta</a> <ul><li>Subphylum <a href="/wiki/Lycopodiophytina" title="Lycopodiophytina">Lycopodiophytina</a> <ul><li>Class <a href="/wiki/Lycopodiopsida" title="Lycopodiopsida">Lycopodiopsida</a> <ul><li>Order <a href="/wiki/Isoetales" title="Isoetales">Isoetales</a></li> <li>Order <a href="/wiki/Lycopodiales" title="Lycopodiales">Lycopodiales</a></li> <li>Order <a href="/wiki/Selaginellales" title="Selaginellales">Selaginellales</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Subphylum <a href="/wiki/Polypodiophytina" title="Polypodiophytina">Polypodiophytina</a> <ul><li>Class <a href="/wiki/Polypodiopsida" title="Polypodiopsida">Polypodiopsida</a> <ul><li>Subclass <a href="/wiki/Equisetidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Equisetidae">Equisetidae</a> <ul><li>Order <a href="/wiki/Equisetales" title="Equisetales">Equisetales</a></li></ul></li> <li>Subclass <a href="/wiki/Marattiidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Marattiidae">Marattiidae</a> <ul><li>Order <a href="/wiki/Marattiales" title="Marattiales">Marattiales</a></li></ul></li> <li>Subclass <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ophioglossidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ophioglossidae (page does not exist)">Ophioglossidae</a> [= <a href="/w/index.php?title=Psilotidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Psilotidae (page does not exist)">Psilotidae</a>] <ul><li>Order <a href="/wiki/Ophioglossales" title="Ophioglossales">Ophioglossales</a></li> <li>Order <a href="/wiki/Psilotales" title="Psilotales">Psilotales</a></li></ul></li> <li>Subclass <a href="/wiki/Polypodiidae" title="Polypodiidae">Polypodiidae</a> <ul><li>Order <a href="/wiki/Cyatheales" title="Cyatheales">Cyatheales</a></li> <li>Order <a href="/wiki/Gleicheniales" title="Gleicheniales">Gleicheniales</a></li> <li>Order <a href="/wiki/Hymenophyllales" title="Hymenophyllales">Hymenophyllales</a></li> <li>Order <a href="/wiki/Osmundales" title="Osmundales">Osmundales</a></li> <li>Order <a href="/wiki/Polypodiales" title="Polypodiales">Polypodiales</a></li> <li>Order <a href="/wiki/Salviniales" title="Salviniales">Salviniales</a></li> <li>Order <a href="/wiki/Schizaeales" title="Schizaeales">Schizaeales</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Subphylum <b>Spermatophytina</b> <ul><li>Superclass “<a href="/wiki/Angiospermae" class="mw-redirect" title="Angiospermae">Angiospermae</a>” <ul><li>Class <a href="/wiki/Magnoliopsida" title="Magnoliopsida">Magnoliopsida</a> <ul><li>Superorder N.N. <ul><li>Order N.N. (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Icacinaceae" title="Icacinaceae">Icacinaceae</a>)</li></ul></li> <li>Superorder <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amborellanae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amborellanae (page does not exist)">Amborellanae</a> <ul><li>Order <a href="/wiki/Amborellales" title="Amborellales">Amborellales</a></li></ul></li> <li>Superorder <a href="/wiki/Asteranae" class="mw-redirect" title="Asteranae">Asteranae</a> <ul><li>Order <a href="/wiki/Apiales" title="Apiales">Apiales</a></li> <li>Order <a href="/wiki/Aquifoliales" title="Aquifoliales">Aquifoliales</a></li> <li>Order <a href="/wiki/Asterales" title="Asterales">Asterales</a></li> <li>Order <a href="/wiki/Boraginales" title="Boraginales">Boraginales</a></li> <li>Order <a href="/wiki/Bruniales" title="Bruniales">Bruniales</a></li> <li>Order <a href="/wiki/Cornales" title="Cornales">Cornales</a></li> <li>Order <a href="/wiki/Dipsacales" title="Dipsacales">Dipsacales</a></li> <li>Order <a href="/wiki/Ericales" title="Ericales">Ericales</a></li> <li>Order <a href="/wiki/Escalloniales" title="Escalloniales">Escalloniales</a></li> <li>Order <a href="/wiki/Garryales" title="Garryales">Garryales</a></li> <li>Order <a href="/wiki/Gentianales" title="Gentianales">Gentianales</a></li> <li>Order <a href="/wiki/Lamiales" title="Lamiales">Lamiales</a></li> <li>Order <a href="/wiki/Paracryphiales" title="Paracryphiales">Paracryphiales</a></li> <li>Order <a href="/wiki/Solanales" title="Solanales">Solanales</a></li></ul></li> <li>Superorder <a href="/w/index.php?title=Austrobaileyanae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Austrobaileyanae (page does not exist)">Austrobaileyanae</a> <ul><li>Order <a href="/wiki/Austrobaileyales" title="Austrobaileyales">Austrobaileyales</a></li></ul></li> <li>Superorder <a href="/w/index.php?title=Berberidopsidanae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Berberidopsidanae (page does not exist)">Berberidopsidanae</a> <ul><li>Order <a href="/wiki/Berberidopsidales" title="Berberidopsidales">Berberidopsidales</a></li></ul></li> <li>Superorder <a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxanae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buxanae (page does not exist)">Buxanae</a> <ul><li>Order <a href="/wiki/Buxales" title="Buxales">Buxales</a></li></ul></li> <li>Superorder <a href="/w/index.php?title=Caryophyllanae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caryophyllanae (page does not exist)">Caryophyllanae</a> <ul><li>Order <a href="/wiki/Caryophyllales" title="Caryophyllales">Caryophyllales</a></li></ul></li> <li>Superorder <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceratophyllanae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ceratophyllanae (page does not exist)">Ceratophyllanae</a> <ul><li>Order <a href="/wiki/Ceratophyllales" title="Ceratophyllales">Ceratophyllales</a></li></ul></li> <li>Superorder <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dillenianae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dillenianae (page does not exist)">Dillenianae</a> <ul><li>Order <a href="/wiki/Dilleniales" title="Dilleniales">Dilleniales</a></li></ul></li> <li>Superorder <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lilianae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lilianae (page does not exist)">Lilianae</a> [= <a href="/w/index.php?title=Monocotyledones&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monocotyledones (page does not exist)">Monocotyledones</a>] <ul><li>Order <a href="/wiki/Acorales" title="Acorales">Acorales</a></li> <li>Order <a href="/wiki/Alismatales" title="Alismatales">Alismatales</a></li> <li>Order <a href="/wiki/Arecales" title="Arecales">Arecales</a></li> <li>Order <a href="/wiki/Asparagales" title="Asparagales">Asparagales</a></li> <li>Order <a href="/wiki/Commelinales" title="Commelinales">Commelinales</a></li> <li>Order <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dasypogonales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dasypogonales (page does not exist)">Dasypogonales</a></li> <li>Order <a href="/wiki/Dioscoreales" title="Dioscoreales">Dioscoreales</a></li> <li>Order <a href="/wiki/Liliales" title="Liliales">Liliales</a></li> <li>Order <a href="/wiki/Pandanales" title="Pandanales">Pandanales</a></li> <li>Order <a href="/wiki/Petrosaviales" title="Petrosaviales">Petrosaviales</a></li> <li>Order <a href="/wiki/Poales" title="Poales">Poales</a></li> <li>Order <a href="/wiki/Zingiberales" title="Zingiberales">Zingiberales</a></li></ul></li> <li>Superorder <a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnolianae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Magnolianae (page does not exist)">Magnolianae</a> <ul><li>Order <a href="/wiki/Canellales" title="Canellales">Canellales</a></li> <li>Order <a href="/wiki/Chloranthales" title="Chloranthales">Chloranthales</a></li> <li>Order <a href="/wiki/Laurales" title="Laurales">Laurales</a></li> <li>Order <a href="/wiki/Magnoliales" title="Magnoliales">Magnoliales</a></li> <li>Order <a href="/wiki/Piperales" title="Piperales">Piperales</a></li></ul></li> <li>Superorder <a href="/w/index.php?title=Myrothamnanae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Myrothamnanae (page does not exist)">Myrothamnanae</a> <ul><li>Order <a href="/wiki/Gunnerales" title="Gunnerales">Gunnerales</a></li></ul></li> <li>Superorder <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nymphaeanae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nymphaeanae (page does not exist)">Nymphaeanae</a> <ul><li>Order <a href="/wiki/Nymphaeales" title="Nymphaeales">Nymphaeales</a></li></ul></li> <li>Superorder <a href="/w/index.php?title=Proteanae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proteanae (page does not exist)">Proteanae</a> <ul><li>Order <a href="/wiki/Proteales" title="Proteales">Proteales</a></li></ul></li> <li>Superorder <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ranunculanae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ranunculanae (page does not exist)">Ranunculanae</a> <ul><li>Order <a href="/wiki/Ranunculales" title="Ranunculales">Ranunculales</a></li></ul></li> <li>Superorder <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosanae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rosanae (page does not exist)">Rosanae</a> <ul><li>Order <a href="/wiki/Brassicales" title="Brassicales">Brassicales</a></li> <li>Order <a href="/wiki/Celastrales" title="Celastrales">Celastrales</a></li> <li>Order <a href="/wiki/Crossosomatales" title="Crossosomatales">Crossosomatales</a></li> <li>Order <a href="/wiki/Cucurbitales" title="Cucurbitales">Cucurbitales</a></li> <li>Order <a href="/wiki/Fabales" title="Fabales">Fabales</a></li> <li>Order <a href="/wiki/Fagales" title="Fagales">Fagales</a></li> <li>Order <a href="/wiki/Geraniales" title="Geraniales">Geraniales</a></li> <li>Order <a href="/wiki/Huerteales" title="Huerteales">Huerteales</a></li> <li>Order <a href="/wiki/Malpighiales" title="Malpighiales">Malpighiales</a></li> <li>Order <a href="/wiki/Malvales" title="Malvales">Malvales</a></li> <li>Order <a href="/wiki/Myrtales" title="Myrtales">Myrtales</a></li> <li>Order <a href="/wiki/Oxalidales" title="Oxalidales">Oxalidales</a></li> <li>Order <a href="/wiki/Picramniales" title="Picramniales">Picramniales</a></li> <li>Order <a href="/wiki/Rosales" title="Rosales">Rosales</a></li> <li>Order <a href="/wiki/Sapindales" title="Sapindales">Sapindales</a></li> <li>Order <a href="/wiki/Vitales" title="Vitales">Vitales</a></li> <li>Order <a href="/wiki/Zygophyllales" title="Zygophyllales">Zygophyllales</a></li></ul></li> <li>Superorder <a href="/w/index.php?title=Santalanae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Santalanae (page does not exist)">Santalanae</a> <ul><li>Order <a href="/wiki/Santalales" title="Santalales">Santalales</a></li></ul></li> <li>Superorder <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saxifraganae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saxifraganae (page does not exist)">Saxifraganae</a> <ul><li>Order <a href="/wiki/Saxifragales" title="Saxifragales">Saxifragales</a></li></ul></li> <li>Superorder <a href="/w/index.php?title=Trochodendranae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trochodendranae (page does not exist)">Trochodendranae</a> <ul><li>Order <a href="/wiki/Trochodendrales" title="Trochodendrales">Trochodendrales</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Superclass “<a href="/wiki/Gymnospermae" title="Gymnospermae">Gymnospermae</a>” <ul><li>Class <a href="/wiki/Cycadopsida" title="Cycadopsida">Cycadopsida</a> <ul><li>Subclass <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cycadidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cycadidae (page does not exist)">Cycadidae</a> <ul><li>Order <a href="/wiki/Cycadales" title="Cycadales">Cycadales</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Class <a href="/wiki/Ginkgoopsida" title="Ginkgoopsida">Ginkgoopsida</a> <ul><li>Subclass <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ginkgooidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ginkgooidae (page does not exist)">Ginkgooidae</a> <ul><li>Order <a href="/wiki/Ginkgoales" title="Ginkgoales">Ginkgoales</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Class <a href="/wiki/Gnetopsida" title="Gnetopsida">Gnetopsida</a> <ul><li>Subclass <a href="/wiki/Gnetidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Gnetidae">Gnetidae</a> <ul><li>Order <a href="/wiki/Gnetales" title="Gnetales">Gnetales</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Class <a href="/wiki/Pinopsida" title="Pinopsida">Pinopsida</a> <ul><li>Subclass <a href="/wiki/Pinidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinidae">Pinidae</a> <ul><li>Order <a href="/wiki/Pinales" title="Pinales">Pinales</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vernacular_names">Vernacular names</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spermatophyta&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Vernacular names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="padding:0 10px; -moz-column-count: 2; -moz-column-gap: 40px; -moz-column-rule: 1px solid #aaa; -webkit-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-gap: 40px; -webkit-column-rule: 1px solid #aaa; column-count: 2; column-gap: 40px; column-rule: 1px solid #aaa; border:1px solid #aaa; background:#f9f9f9; font-size:90%"><b>беларуская:</b> Насенныя расліны<br /></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9325381">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": 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style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Taxon_identifiers" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" class="extiw" title="en:Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" class="extiw" title="en:Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/8665119">8665119</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossilworks" class="extiw" title="en:Fossilworks">Fossilworks</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/0/http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=55350">55350</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/iNaturalist" class="extiw" title="en:iNaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/505248">505248</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" class="extiw" title="en:Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=846504">846504</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" class="extiw" title="en:National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=58024">58024</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Plant_Parasites_of_Europe" title="Plant Parasites of Europe">PPE</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bladmineerders.nl/host-plants/plantae/spermatopsida/">spermatopsida</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">SEINet: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://swbiodiversity.org/seinet/taxa/index.php?taxon=170633">170633</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikidata" class="extiw" title="en:Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25814" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q25814">Q25814</a></span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    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