CINXE.COM
Just a moment...
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9135e01b6d975ce5',cH: '07b_I_mK_VurwYMy4LzKyPU_rpH.YRjG4pkXqcAS4X4-1739796335-1.2.1.1-o1H8BRg3jhqN1TnR0_kWtWihdkRllanwc4FfRKQZE2e3lK99AIUttKY3FBufTjFw',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=plasma%20arc&__cf_chl_tk=ug4B1YzqAulKikOBv2Rhgi7gspwZtMyIGbN6WJBUcpc-1739796335-1.0.1.1-kU6ErFkH3v0bS_QuSriuAQVavkxly1Xdit8kaoWSe9Q",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1739796335',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=plasma%20arc&__cf_chl_f_tk=ug4B1YzqAulKikOBv2Rhgi7gspwZtMyIGbN6WJBUcpc-1739796335-1.0.1.1-kU6ErFkH3v0bS_QuSriuAQVavkxly1Xdit8kaoWSe9Q",md: "GTxFXVFaExmKXcDrV9PpMgWyRVs0o_YQnEhwmz2f0BI-1739796335-1.2.1.1-NoOK0hdGdDEbWlmXzJ27rEacMjFzFiagN5Mo1WWXwIF.a4ddRIyq.2anLV_XbMivGawYCvesROHNJXmbFDtLe1UqwDHAGyuoaJm3jdqu8Y5unwuU1d40Z6QdCb_WxPA6_7aGZ4scNnS.liazh454_HzqNllckyTwyouoNQmBrm9ni0PLIWWazr5gSzaZ4dvDYJAN8UKuFOb9vfigJu3fBhS3hi3eiqTMa4.9tcHQV6yekalxH72OpVIoSXbJepcJHhOuRdYctYq1CQmSJeThPdiv247PbB.RCMxPDsGs4lf3pRrW9vWr2IwgMtuHqhUMU6QqyrY9odKNajo2k4QGFQaJX_OFZdh6gX7cs4BqQ6d4Tt_XXi0y7BFUZ2BWkp5xlIPiTZ58nkK6qvdXEuV0LBHB4dwRMBjCM1cbN8HlR.2I9mNVmG4KzoLlwknEvRDjxTqRZYBlrShzr4Aj7uNa2hcUAF7KIsNSiN7ETmlnbjmUlU_xUwizn2ek2ib2jces5DM00.g8YJcj6AzEyc2Iya5OqxPqktCUezmmjn7SJUwz6uslDmQ5K57aTAgt2gCJS3NGKm3gXRoCozFZ87_aBR4zXi6CpAnB1z5RexnWvOXtejjUF6mteM6RZTipOUuDTss9vY.ocA3a4VLOUT6xi3pFuKCrVFPNuBw6z.3ru9uDcVEq1yBcDZ2cOYP7EqMjT_IWTAod_W_8Sc_zqdAFV3pwnqANbNzpSrF7TZwZ00ihQFGfZplR4BHade5Zfw10FOkUm3mvzaGcrYrhBkjRJAXcNuULJDavmvmhpgS_oEVA0YgX_taRSVcj89cQqC0fsNdeZPXqrmp5p0weKeI3uJMKJsSjji8WCPlc2d7AEDWcff4qBxMcxncQ4XaNH47NgSxJILHULISz7xLmJRFh3K4LlVBRY5i4Nw3m9..RX3CeX4zpPOotNCreBhxHjIvOv4ITa5qTu20gHpc2ycpWBuluIbA9o4QDHdj5Ui0MSzhnkYEgEGlaCUqAfyWLFjGDmTZONWmZiIm9sijq_1w6kvzE.BcwyAehM614IvF2Fux2uf59iCqt89gKZ0plc2dYx6.B8CuWIcMj16bQhNjO0lD_qzYmgsOYUQh76Ng.eJ9ptTayx1hk7eUsE7ON7K07HzbOALq1dtcX602qpH5U2CLdllSjGQQ7yabDFFfNQpPn1pY9AEtDjE4mifl9Z7zAWxmEl2EBpivLtiJVdyDSEU4H_Kc6mbPHpQPOgSNj4OVNjlkxMsltBiVcPBR0HXzyVZy4sZCZJxAZd2oUT8W5WV_5EaJy88saNdhjIvpexFTQ0.7xRPhE6BTH8i_ePeeKMqXein7PTVTA.z6JSuBgXndgsZuKgoRVR13RND6I3gr1g.a3sGDhKjNfOvMIQCi1GhBmirlkjbVL8krAYGls9W5cA_UmU3YX.Uk.TC3CC1EzpkY9dmNoSfPA5jAUNGSSMwTCRYbdi3Fu5yudisVUeUar2BW47MgJPi6qPAgJ7aIz2i0vXuKJ2l4ltio13F_vZARiiruM05.mSXylu5hCujBPYtbqCtOZwoUGmTFqYeFEBPBJH_jBrzRGHSdjlEDYnkOq1W7YEJ5gGqj7__c4VC.X9o09msBzZpsqp8Zub5z9Vmw8sAPqF4s9IGAsy5sA4Zhcq4HbFq4ja4KB9pw8k37W3tPUnscu1TKG7_gRIJ19EtdWbCeN1AN2y8bda1XGRKQZWf7.kDYaDw1L27qAII3ESH3kK39QTual_MFbB6KA2Aw2K0mwCJFXcLA2KrgdA5IfKBcEl8suBqsFz_5_O0V21ZrQG6Y7cl8s8GgagsHFnfdopB2jmuhbFN8bnkmZP2whfj3y7Ub.RIutgO5QJJ_EFg1anNCXEO0dmTtaAA6oGO16Dq1AnNszsSVdrqW_LlANyC6MCNoWVoZPYSjUlA",mdrd: "8ezvz4LHyz.kpVjwTBvCoSi1HwzfbgA14Uk7D7H2z80-1739796335-1.2.1.1-z0cQhr4DHlNFctDNsQJd4_zBF4pUGWjWVLJgvW_vnIREwCfArCXYmuXG3FAJWYhspDH.Dp1WPM9GSvhs0neNJHXhq.VWjoTYZUcEmx2j61RmgKl_MjfDPoX9ts43ubCkpqxTlJs0CWgCQde3TM0Wt8qvqptvawKms7j1Yiqj1.dpSxZnLybdzs_3fT4HYIySd0AbuZ7xK8dqmei1StTbFM7hMUR36QzrJ8zsCydekj.AvuaUIosL6T2zgWAgdOk0Tg.hU_nQNXGn_Dok.xTR1gmlI88oE2Ccwaz9Y.H68VcDfvLDOEBK2s0wyUgnivcYI9fg_MQyjOjZNCD2TnrS9tbsPq4Ad.DbmLOMxQVbeARePW2.3FE9PqjH9OjIoZWvhV7T8yyfOsByC9b5WnnMn.knl.CN_97UHlraQY7djL8mxFygQYl1VVs8vN1wGrsumCE9kmo5AOZwPhO0ibS6hqCI_G1mH7ALbUMwpuKJBslQoldMH_NMfdFwZ1OdkiRdQMv8_Y6kMtW5nZLYnpanbUMz3gHzNueojbkDb210HiaC1c3dId34pAbi.mcattFgGMMhPvUUcxFp_wGsgL9FYGZglrz5VsSHBQokqcBLpU6YWzyIo7dS3Xoz8rmGtQ48hPzI13ZxwRGn43Yluxa1.eNOE3_T5_2_w_hFSfCr8JbC1haQOEMQnox1_PFh2xiTmYZWaGYd4hhmY4SwEBV1LTVA9PzIBrr_vFxzm6tQoh949DU6KDwWMWn.XUrgHeY32aO1_k92JkRPDSALvW_RDad_1vij1rPKHYKkF2V37UixRIrOEiryroHp7JAknY9YfwRa7Vy33mihSEQXhFZdeg9hPXz9nCfx_lyWM4oesG3e7KGk5ojbiUXIUHCrtbPgpeXZ9J5.W3lGZ5.w_h5eXU1Vh6xFJIQIbJJLVxvHAfoAgp8W7tXbnQIa7OlVrLKcdpgB2evuZgt4BmR_LZTeacrV0w1_u9rNunWe23GGDNodRCN2AKcnVOqSqsCtU7euVXKF1aWGSVhdkrl6pAb.oDRJeZf4_5tycIY6wpED.whrHQmsu4vAwuoXgbuDYopiZGAmm6J5aQap2bGclNN7aR6ZqdV4WrmtUVCjJFTZtyhJiqwIm1dE8hee_BYuO8RQmIlfGqxugeMdHiIGnaCnJQtTL68EtRNlQTekjT0.D0XBPWuX75uyCh4j7psV0F6eD0bEZ3c7xS4.aTz8nEhEn.iHzqTBQ1.ajvlOeIBhDr7oGY5ho3GUZtEbQ9dMNeDMeRBNlT59zBSExa1HuDiqClnhFgFINkHv9MrSWfFfh.opdaugKOgXIGBWOlQhxmmNpcufQOMX5sIigmB5xcNe65jKdF_d8XSkbYBBMgnJy0x8sfratP5_685j2dVhikZ7chsZfFOHklU8qoZZ0e.DJU7eKOFXW_oO1.m7sSDHPXetLHkQey3_ziZkozazoRLrSenQHaz9QxPSXvy0HdPWHe4YMfEo3a6hrVdLNcCAPrK3GvS21q6ICJ1FBYr3rdawd5C7V14an9pAaEbhsbZ55BwD3PkxMnSNDfdQDQtBP5eYT200mqUJWpv8fK9o.IiBKThtdXK36rHZMQqcYJaAEUoQ6uoe5jVyMzEaxcJ1YRN1c_hZ03ZCKmxWtOdueeMSRYrQ1WYiFtXE9Z4Zj2zfHOhuiCkQUmZv2g__Unt_Me2bYvQYCogjLB3oknlmMqPKckZoBOvKz.IopnrgDKmzCs0FOFohcWryRCWNpxD13DTKEamRfDWut23fktNADw.Sf1IYNKrPvABDtLcWt0w0ih7m_gup94faoCt4Ld_FOm0pbFWUacD_dovD3JcvvOTf6ZLCen6KwSUD4jkh1X6pkdEgZWK7bChE9A5JUQhrduNN.KrB9t0kMYulWIoYdHZ6x6RuNASTiVkRMpfZYVEuu37J1XX0_bkKCkuRGqORVpqlnK2kg4METJrOEWG1Cs._"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9135e01b6d975ce5';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=plasma%20arc&__cf_chl_rt_tk=ug4B1YzqAulKikOBv2Rhgi7gspwZtMyIGbN6WJBUcpc-1739796335-1.0.1.1-kU6ErFkH3v0bS_QuSriuAQVavkxly1Xdit8kaoWSe9Q" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>