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utama</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menu utama</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigasi </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Halaman_Utama" title="Kunjungi Halaman Utama [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Halaman Utama</span></a></li><li id="n-Daftar-isi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Isi"><span>Daftar isi</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terbaru" title="Daftar perubahan terbaru dalam wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Perubahan terbaru</span></a></li><li id="n-Artikel-pilihan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Artikel_pilihan/Topik"><span>Artikel pilihan</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Peristiwa_terkini" title="Temukan informasi tentang peristiwa terkini"><span>Peristiwa terkini</span></a></li><li id="n-newpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_baru"><span>Halaman baru</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_sembarang" title="Tampilkan sembarang halaman [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Halaman sembarang</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Komunitas" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Komunitas" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Komunitas </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Warung-Kopi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Warung_Kopi"><span>Warung Kopi</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Komunitas" title="Tentang proyek, apa yang dapat Anda lakukan, di mana untuk mencari sesuatu"><span>Portal komunitas</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Isi" title="Tempat mencari bantuan."><span>Bantuan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Wikipedia" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Wikipedia" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Wikipedia </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Perihal"><span>Tentang Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Pancapilar" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pancapilar"><span>Pancapilar</span></a></li><li id="n-Kebijakan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kebijakan_dan_pedoman"><span>Kebijakan</span></a></li><li id="n-Hubungi-kami" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hubungi_kami"><span>Hubungi kami</span></a></li><li id="n-Bak-pasir" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bak_pasir"><span>Bak pasir</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Bagikan" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Bagikan emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bagikan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Halaman_Utama" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ensiklopedia Bebas" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-id.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pencarian" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Pencarian</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Telusuri Wikipedia" aria-label="Telusuri Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Istimewa:Pencarian"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cari</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Perkakas pribadi"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tampilan" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tampilan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id" class=""><span>Menyumbang</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Laser" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan" class=""><span>Buat akun baru</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Laser" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Masuk log</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Opsi lainnya" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas pribadi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Perkakas pribadi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu pengguna" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id"><span>Menyumbang</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Laser" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Buat akun baru</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Laser" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Masuk log</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Halaman penyunting yang telah keluar log <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengantar" aria-label="Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>pelajari lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Kontribusi_saya" title="Daftar suntingan yang dibuat dari alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kontribusi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pembicaraan_saya" title="Pembicaraan tentang suntingan dari alamat IP ini [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Deskripsi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deskripsi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Deskripsi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deskripsi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sejarah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sejarah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Sejarah</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sejarah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Manfaat_laser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manfaat_laser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Manfaat laser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manfaat_laser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aplikasi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aplikasi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Aplikasi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aplikasi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lihat_pula" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_pula"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Lihat pula</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihat_pula-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pranala_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pranala_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Pranala luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pranala_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Laser</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 111 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-111" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">111 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser" title="Laser – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Laser" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser" title="Laser – Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Laser" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C4%93ohtf%C8%B3send" title="Lēohtfȳsend – Inggris Kuno" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Lēohtfȳsend" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Inggris Kuno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%B0" title="लेज़र – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="लेज़र" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%B1" title="ليزر – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ليزر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%B1" title="ليزر – Arab Maroko" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="ليزر" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Arab Maroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A1ser" title="Láser – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Láser" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazer" title="Lazer – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Lazer" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Лазер – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Лазер" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/LASER" title="LASER – Bavaria" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="LASER" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Лазер – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Лазер" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Лазэр – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Лазэр" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Лазер – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Лазер" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0" title="लेजर – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="लेजर" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="লেজার – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="লেজার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser" title="Laser – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Laser" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser" title="Laser – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Laser" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A0ser" title="Làser – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Làser" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%95%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%95%D8%B1" title="لەیزەر – Kurdi Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="لەیزەر" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser" title="Laser – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Laser" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Лазер – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Лазер" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser" title="Laser – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Laser" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser" title="Laser – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Laser" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser" title="Laser – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Laser" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%AD%CE%B9%CE%B6%CE%B5%CF%81" title="Λέιζερ – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λέιζερ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser" title="Laser – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Laser" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lasero" title="Lasero – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Lasero" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A1ser" title="Láser – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Láser" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser" title="Laser – Esti" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Laser" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Esti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser" title="Laser – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Laser" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%B1" title="لیزر – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لیزر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser" title="Laser – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Laser" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Las%C3%B5r" title="Lasõr – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Lasõr" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser" title="Laser – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Laser" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser" title="Laser – Frisia Utara" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Laser" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser" title="Laser – Frisia Barat" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Laser" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Barat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9asar" title="Léasar – Irlandia" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Léasar" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laz%C3%A8" title="Lazè – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Lazè" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A1ser" title="Láser – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Láser" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guc mw-list-item"><a href="https://guc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laaser%C3%BC" title="Laaserü – Wayuu" lang="guc" hreflang="guc" data-title="Laaserü" data-language-autonym="Wayuunaiki" data-language-local-name="Wayuu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wayuunaiki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%99%D7%96%D7%A8" title="לייזר – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לייזר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser" title="Laser – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Laser" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laz%C3%A8" title="Lazè – Kreol Haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Lazè" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Kreol Haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9zer" title="Lézer – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Lézer" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Լազեր – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լազեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser" title="Laser – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Laser" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lasero" title="Lasero – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Lasero" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leysir" title="Leysir – Islandia" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Leysir" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser" title="Laser – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Laser" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B6%E3%83%BC" title="レーザー – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="レーザー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lieza" title="Lieza – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Lieza" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser" title="Laser – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Laser" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ლაზერი – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლაზერი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Se%C9%A3tuu_m%CA%8Bnd%CA%8Bs%CA%8B%CA%8B_(Laser)" title="Seɣtuu mʋndʋsʋʋ (Laser) – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Seɣtuu mʋndʋsʋʋ (Laser)" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Лазер – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Лазер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D" title="ಲೇಸರ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಲೇಸರ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%B4%EC%A0%80" title="레이저 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="레이저" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazer" title="Lazer – Kurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Lazer" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Лазер – Kirgiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Лазер" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser" title="Laser – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Laser" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser" title="Laser – Limburgia" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Laser" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazeris" title="Lazeris – Lituavi" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Lazeris" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituavi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C4%81zers" title="Lāzers – Latvi" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Lāzers" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser" title="Laser – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Laser" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Ласер – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ласер" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BC" title="ലേസർ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ലേസർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Лазер – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Лазер" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser" title="Laser – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Laser" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%86%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%81%E1%80%BC%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA" title="လေဆာရောင်ခြည် – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="လေဆာရောင်ခြည်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser_(licht)" title="Laser (licht) – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Laser (licht)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser" title="Laser – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Laser" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser" title="Laser – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Laser" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ifsuduudaa" title="Ifsuduudaa – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Ifsuduudaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B0" title="ਲੇਜ਼ਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਲੇਜ਼ਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser" title="Laser – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Laser" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%B1" title="لیزر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لیزر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%90%D8%B2%D8%B1" title="لېزر – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="لېزر" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser" title="Laser – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Laser" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser" title="Laser – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Laser" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Лазер – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лазер" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Ласер – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Ласер" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Лазер – Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Лазер" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser" title="Laser – Sisilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Laser" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser" title="Laser – Skotlandia" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Laser" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser" title="Laser – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Laser" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A" title="ලේසර් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ලේසර්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser" title="Laser – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Laser" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser" title="Laser – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Laser" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser" title="Laser – Sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Laser" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazeri" title="Lazeri – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Lazeri" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Ласер – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ласер" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser" title="Laser – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Laser" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser" title="Laser – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Laser" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leza" title="Leza – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Leza" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF" title="சீரொளி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சீரொளி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D" title="ಲೇಸರ್ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಲೇಸರ್" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D" title="లేజర్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="లేజర్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="เลเซอร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เลเซอร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser" title="Laser – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Laser" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazer" title="Lazer – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Lazer" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Лазер – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Лазер" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Лазер – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Лазер" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%B1" title="لیزر – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="لیزر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazer" title="Lazer – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Lazer" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazer" title="Lazer – Venesia" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Lazer" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser" title="Laser – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Laser" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser" title="Laser – Warai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Laser" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Warai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%96%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="לאזער – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="לאזער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BF%80%E5%85%89%E5%99%A8" title="激光器 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="激光器" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BF%80%E5%85%89%E5%99%A8" title="激光器 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="激光器" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IsiCwazi" title="IsiCwazi – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IsiCwazi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q38867#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Laser" title="Lihat halaman isi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Halaman</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan:Laser" rel="discussion" title="Pembicaraan halaman isi [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ubah varian bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bahasa Indonesia</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Laser"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laser&veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laser&action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laser&action=history" title="Revisi sebelumnya dari halaman ini. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Lihat riwayat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Perkakas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Perkakas</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Opsi lainnya" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Laser"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laser&veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laser&action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laser&action=history"><span>Lihat riwayat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pranala_balik/Laser" title="Daftar semua halaman wiki yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pranala balik</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terkait/Laser" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terbaru halaman-halaman yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan terkait</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_istimewa" title="Daftar semua halaman istimewa [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Halaman istimewa</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laser&oldid=25607378" title="Pranala permanen untuk revisi halaman ini"><span>Pranala permanen</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laser&action=info" title="Informasi lanjut tentang halaman ini"><span>Informasi halaman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Kutip&page=Laser&id=25607378&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasi tentang bagaimana mengutip halaman ini"><span>Kutip halaman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLaser"><span>Lihat URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLaser"><span>Unduh kode QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/ekspor </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Laser"><span>Buat buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:DownloadAsPdf&page=Laser&action=show-download-screen"><span>Unduh versi PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laser&printable=yes" title="Versi cetak halaman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam proyek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lasers" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q38867" title="Pranala untuk menghubungkan butir pada ruang penyimpanan data [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir di Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Lasers.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Lasers.JPG/300px-Lasers.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Lasers.JPG/450px-Lasers.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Lasers.JPG/600px-Lasers.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Laser</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Laser</b> (singkatan dari <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris" title="Bahasa Inggris">bahasa Inggris</a>: <i><b>L</b>ight <b>A</b>mplification by <b>S</b>timulated <b>E</b>mission of <b>R</b>adiation</i>) merupakan mekanisme suatu alat yang memancarkan <a href="/wiki/Radiasi_elektromagnetik" title="Radiasi elektromagnetik">radiasi elektromagnetik</a>, biasanya dalam bentuk cahaya yang tidak dapat dilihat maupun dapat lihat dengan <a href="/wiki/Mata" title="Mata">mata</a> normal, melalui proses <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pancaran_terstimulasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pancaran terstimulasi (halaman belum tersedia)">pancaran terstimulasi</a>. Pancaran laser biasanya tunggal, memancarkan <a href="/wiki/Foton" title="Foton">foton</a> dalam pancaran <a href="/w/index.php?title=Koheren&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koheren (halaman belum tersedia)">koheren</a>. Laser juga dapat dikatakan efek dari <a href="/wiki/Mekanika_kuantum" title="Mekanika kuantum">mekanika kuantum</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deskripsi">Deskripsi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laser&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Deskripsi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laser&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Deskripsi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Spectre_visible_light.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Spectre_visible_light.svg/300px-Spectre_visible_light.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Spectre_visible_light.svg/450px-Spectre_visible_light.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Spectre_visible_light.svg/600px-Spectre_visible_light.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="524" /></a><figcaption>Dari kiri ke kanan: <a href="/wiki/Sinar_gamma" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinar gamma">sinar gamma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sinar_X" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinar X">Sinar X</a>, sinar <a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultraviolet">ultraviolet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spektrum_optik" class="mw-redirect" title="Spektrum optik">spektrum tampak</a>, sinar <a href="/wiki/Infrared" class="mw-redirect" title="Infrared">infrared</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gelombang_mikro" title="Gelombang mikro">gelombang mikro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gelombang_radio" title="Gelombang radio">gelombang radio</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Bystronic_Laserschneiden.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Bystronic_Laserschneiden.jpg/250px-Bystronic_Laserschneiden.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Bystronic_Laserschneiden.jpg/375px-Bystronic_Laserschneiden.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Bystronic_Laserschneiden.jpg/500px-Bystronic_Laserschneiden.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="531" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Soldier_Aiming_with_Laser_Light_Module_MOD_45155932.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Soldier_Aiming_with_Laser_Light_Module_MOD_45155932.jpg/200px-Soldier_Aiming_with_Laser_Light_Module_MOD_45155932.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Soldier_Aiming_with_Laser_Light_Module_MOD_45155932.jpg/300px-Soldier_Aiming_with_Laser_Light_Module_MOD_45155932.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Soldier_Aiming_with_Laser_Light_Module_MOD_45155932.jpg/400px-Soldier_Aiming_with_Laser_Light_Module_MOD_45155932.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4256" data-file-height="2832" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Handheld_laser_distance_meter.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Handheld_laser_distance_meter.jpg/250px-Handheld_laser_distance_meter.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Handheld_laser_distance_meter.jpg/375px-Handheld_laser_distance_meter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Handheld_laser_distance_meter.jpg/500px-Handheld_laser_distance_meter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="507" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Ring_laser_gyroscope_at_MAKS-2011_airshow.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Ring_laser_gyroscope_at_MAKS-2011_airshow.jpg/200px-Ring_laser_gyroscope_at_MAKS-2011_airshow.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Ring_laser_gyroscope_at_MAKS-2011_airshow.jpg/300px-Ring_laser_gyroscope_at_MAKS-2011_airshow.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Ring_laser_gyroscope_at_MAKS-2011_airshow.jpg/400px-Ring_laser_gyroscope_at_MAKS-2011_airshow.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:MESSENGER_-_MLA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/MESSENGER_-_MLA.jpg/200px-MESSENGER_-_MLA.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/MESSENGER_-_MLA.jpg/300px-MESSENGER_-_MLA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/MESSENGER_-_MLA.jpg/400px-MESSENGER_-_MLA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Mercury Laser Altimeter (MLA) of the MESSENGER spacecraft</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:3D_Portrait_in_Glas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/3D_Portrait_in_Glas.jpg/250px-3D_Portrait_in_Glas.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/3D_Portrait_in_Glas.jpg/375px-3D_Portrait_in_Glas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/3D_Portrait_in_Glas.jpg/500px-3D_Portrait_in_Glas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Laser-gravering-eloksert-aluminium.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Laser-gravering-eloksert-aluminium.jpg/200px-Laser-gravering-eloksert-aluminium.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Laser-gravering-eloksert-aluminium.jpg/300px-Laser-gravering-eloksert-aluminium.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Laser-gravering-eloksert-aluminium.jpg/400px-Laser-gravering-eloksert-aluminium.jpg 2x" data-file-width="838" data-file-height="559" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Lunar_Laser_McDonald_Observatory.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Lunar_Laser_McDonald_Observatory.jpg/200px-Lunar_Laser_McDonald_Observatory.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="319" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Lunar_Laser_McDonald_Observatory.jpg/300px-Lunar_Laser_McDonald_Observatory.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5a/Lunar_Laser_McDonald_Observatory.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="638" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Velodyne_High-Def_LIDAR.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Velodyne_High-Def_LIDAR.jpg/250px-Velodyne_High-Def_LIDAR.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Velodyne_High-Def_LIDAR.jpg/375px-Velodyne_High-Def_LIDAR.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Velodyne_High-Def_LIDAR.jpg/500px-Velodyne_High-Def_LIDAR.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4587" data-file-height="3321" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>Dalam teknologi laser, <i>cahaya yang koheren</i> menunjukkan suatu sumber cahaya yang memancarkan <a href="/wiki/Panjang_gelombang" title="Panjang gelombang">panjang gelombang</a> yang diidentifikasi dari <a href="/wiki/Frekuensi" title="Frekuensi">frekuensi</a> yang sama, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Beda_fase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beda fase (halaman belum tersedia)">beda fase</a> yang konstan<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan <a href="/wiki/Polarisasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Polarisasi">polarisasinya</a>. Selanjutnya untuk menghasilkan sebuah <a href="/wiki/Cahaya" title="Cahaya">cahaya</a> yang koheren dari medium <i>lasing</i> adalah dengan mengontrol kemurnian, ukuran, dan bentuknya. Keluaran yang berkelanjutan dari laser dengan amplituda-konstan (dikenal sebagai <i>CW</i> atau <i>gelombang berkelanjutan</i>), atau detak, adalah dengan menggunakan teknik <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Q-switching&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Q-switching (halaman belum tersedia)">Q-switching</a></i>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modelocking&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Modelocking (halaman belum tersedia)">modelocking</a></i>, atau <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gain-switching&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gain-switching (halaman belum tersedia)">gain-switching</a></i>. </p><p>Dalam operasi detak, dimana sejumlah daya puncak yang lebih tinggi dapat dicapai. Sebuah medium laser juga dapat berfungsi sebagai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Penguat_optik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penguat optik (halaman belum tersedia)">penguat optik</a> ketika di-<i>seed</i> dengan cahaya dari sumber lainnya. Sinyal yang diperkuat dapat menjadi sangat mirip dengan sinyal input dalam istilah panjang gelombang, fase, dan polarisasi; Ini tentunya penting dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Telekomunikasi_serat_optik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telekomunikasi serat optik (halaman belum tersedia)">telekomunikasi serat optik</a>. </p><p>Sumber cahaya umum, seperti <a href="/wiki/Lampu_pijar" title="Lampu pijar">bola lampu incandescent</a>, memancarkan <a href="/wiki/Foton" title="Foton">foton</a> hampir ke seluruh arah, biasanya melewati <a href="/wiki/Spektrum_elektromagnetik" title="Spektrum elektromagnetik">spektrum elektromagnetik</a> dari panjang gelombang yang luas. Sifat koheren sulit ditemui pada sumber cahaya atau <i>incoherens</i>; dimana terjadi beda fase yang tidak tetap antara foton yang dipancarkan oleh sumber cahaya. Secara kontras, laser biasanya memancarkan foton dalam cahaya yang sempit, ter<a href="/wiki/Polarisasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Polarisasi">polarisasi</a>, sinar koheren mendekati monokromatik, terdiri dari panjang gelombang tunggal atau satu <a href="/wiki/Warna" title="Warna">warna</a>. </p><p>Beberapa jenis laser, seperti <i>laser dye</i> dan laser vibronik benda-padat (<i>vibronic solid-state lasers</i>) dapat memproduksi cahaya lewat jangka lebar gelombang; properti ini membuat mereka cocok untuk penciptaan detak singkat sangat pendek dari cahaya, dalam jangka femtodetik (10<sup>-15</sup> detik). Banyak teori <a href="/wiki/Mekanika_kuantum" title="Mekanika kuantum">mekanika kuantum</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Termodinamika" title="Termodinamika">termodinamika</a> dapat digunakan kepada aksi laser, meskipun nyatanya banyak jenis laser ditemukan dengan cara <i><a href="/wiki/Trial_and_error" class="mw-redirect" title="Trial and error">trial and error</a></i>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Laser_play.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Laser_play.jpg/220px-Laser_play.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Laser_play.jpg/330px-Laser_play.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Laser_play.jpg/440px-Laser_play.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Sinar laser di atas <a href="/wiki/Kabut" title="Kabut">kabut</a> <a href="/wiki/Udara" title="Udara">udara</a> dan di kaca <a href="/wiki/Mobil" title="Mobil">mobil</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Laserlink_hss46.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Laserlink_hss46.jpg/200px-Laserlink_hss46.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Laserlink_hss46.jpg/300px-Laserlink_hss46.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Laserlink_hss46.jpg/400px-Laserlink_hss46.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>Laserlink</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sejarah">Sejarah</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laser&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Sejarah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laser&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sejarah"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Laser memperkuat cahaya. Laser dapat mengambil berkas cahaya yang lemah dan membuatnya menjadi berkas yang kuat. Beberapa laser menghasilkan berkas yang sangat kuat sehingga dapat membakar lubang kecil di dalam selembar besi dalam waktu kurang dari satu detik. Sinar laser dapat mencapai jarak jauh melalui angkasa luar tanpa menyebar dan menjadi lemah. Karena itulah, sinar laser menjadi alat komunikasi penting dalam berkomunikasi dalam zaman angkasa luar. Banyak kegunaan laser sudah ditemukan dalam ilmu kedokteran, ilmu pengetahuan, dan industri. </p><p>Ilmuwan menganggap cahaya sebagai gelombang yang bergerak. Jarak dari kulit sebuah gelombang ke kulit berikutnya disebut panjang gelombang. Cahaya dari matahari atau dari lampu adalah campuran banyak panjang gelombang. Setiap panjang gelombang yang berbeda menghasilkan warna yang berbeda. </p><p>Sinar laser terbuat dari cahaya yang semuanya terdiri dari panjang gelombang yang sama. Berkas cahaya dalam cahaya biasa mengalir ke arah yang berbeda. Sinar laser bergerak dalam arah yang sama persis. Sinar laser tidak menyebar dan tidak melemah. </p><p>Pada awal perkembangannya, orang tidak menyebut dengan nama laser. Para ahli masa itu menyebutnya sebagai MASER (Microwave Amplification by the Stimulated Emission of Radiation). Dan orang yang disebut-sebut pertama kali mengungkapkan keberadaan maser adalah Albert Einstein antara tahun 1916 - 1917. Ilmuwan yang terkenal eksentrik ini juga yang pertama kali berpendapat bahwa cahaya atau sinar bukan hanya terdiri dari gelombang elektromagnetik, tetapi juga bermuatan partikel dan energi. Dan dikenal lah apa yang disebut sebagai radiasi. Tapi maser dari Einsten ini baru sebatas teori. Teknologi pada dekade kedua abad 20 belum mampu mewujudkannya. Disamping itu, banyak ilmuwan yang menganggap teori dari Eisntein itu sebagai teori yang kontroversial. </p><p>Pada tahun-tahun berikutnya, terlebih pada perang dunia kedua, maser lebih banyak digunakan untuk kepentingan militer, yaitu untuk pengembangan radar. Hingga akhirnya Charles H. Townes, James Gordon, dan Herbert Zeiger, berhasil membuat maser dengan menggunakan gas Amoniak. Dan inilah maser yang pertama kali dibuat orang. Keberhasilan itu dipublikasikan pada tahun 1954. Itu merupakan maser dengan satu tingkat energi. Selanjutnya ide emisi dua tingkat untuk mempertahankan inversi pada maser telah dikembangkan oleh dua orang ilmuwan Sovyet, Nikolai Basov dan Alexander Prokhorov. Karena sumbangannya yang sangat penting ini dalam pengembangan maser, Charles H. Townes, Nikolai Basov, dan Alexander Prokhorov berbagi hadiah Nobel bidang Fisika pada tahun 1964. </p><p>Charles H. Townes memang orang yang berperan penting dalam dunia maser. Sebelumnya dia bersama Arthur Schawlow telah meneliti kemungkinan pembuatan maser optik (yang kemudian berkembang menjadi laser) dan sinar infra merah. Rincian penelitian itu diterbitkan pada bulan Desember 1958. Namun mereka berdua masih menemui kesulitan dan pembuatan laser (maser optik). Hingga akhirnya sebelum memasuki tahun 1960 Theodore Maiman bisa mewujudkan kerja sinar laser. Maiman menggunakan silinder batu Ruby untuk memicu timbulnya laser hingga laser buatannya dikenal sebagai Ruby Laser. Tapi Ruby Laser hanya mampu bekerja pada energi tingkat ketiga. Setelah memasuki tahun 1960, Peter Sorokin dan Mirek Stevenson mulai mengembangkan laser tingkat keempat yang pertama. Tapi itu pun masih sebatas teori dan tujuan untuk merealisasikannya masih belum tercapai. Namun sejak saat itu lah era laser dimulai. </p><p>Sekilas bahwa Theodore Maiman dianggap sebagai orang yang pertama kali berhasil membuat laser (bukan maser). Tapi sebenarnya ada orang lain yang telah mendahuluinya yaitu Gordon Gould. Pada tahun 1958, Gordon Gould kabarnya telah berhasil membuat maser optik (laser) bahkan dia juga yang dianggap sebagai orang yang pertama kali menggunakan istilah Laser (Light Amplification by the Stimulated Emission of Radiation). Tapi Gordon gagal mendaftarkan paten laser-nya pada tahun 1959. Hingga pada tahun 1977 Gordon memenangkan paten tersebut. Butuh waktu 8 tahun untuk mendapatkan pengakuan itu. </p><p>Pada masa yang hampir bersamaan juga beberapa ilmuwan lain berhasil membuat laser dengan menggunakan bahan yang berbeda. Misalnya Ali Javan, William Bennet dan Donald Herriot yang membuat laser dengan media gas helium dan neon pada tahun 1960 dan keberhasilannya baru dipublikasikan pada tahun 1961. Kumar N. Patel membuat laser dengan perantaraan karbondioksida, nitrogen, dan helium pada tahun 1964. Dan pada tahun yang sama juga (1964), Earl Bell membuat laser dengan bantuan helium dan merkuri. Para ilmuwan ini dianggap pembuat untuk laser gas karena bahan-bahan yang mereka gunakan untuk membuat laser pada umumnya berupa zat gas. </p><p>Perkembangan yang cukup penting terjadi pada tahun 1962 ketika seorang ilmuwan yang bekerja pada perusahaan General Electric, Robert Hall, menemukan laser semikonduktor berukuran mini dengan biaya murah. Biasanya mesin atau peralatan pemroduksi sinar laser berukuran besar. Laser buatan Rober Hall inilah yang hingga kini digunakan pada perangkat vcd dan dvd player, printer laser, pembaca kode bar, drive pada CPU, sistem komunikasi yang menggunakan serat optik, dan sebagainya. </p><p>Sebuah penemuan yang revolusioner dibuat pada tahun 1970 ketika Charles Kao dan George Hockham berhasil membuat apa yang sekarang disebut serat optik (fiberglass). Mereka berdua memang tidak membuat laser, tetapi penemuannya sangat penting dalam penggunaan aplikasi laser. Dan seperti kita tahu, serat optik banyak digunakan dalam bidang komunikasi. Bidang inilah yang memang dianggap sebagai pengguna terbesar aplikasi laser. Laser dan serat optik memang dua penemuan yang sangat saling mendukung. </p><p>Ada berbagai jenis laser. Medium laser bisa padat, gas, cair atau semikonduktor. Laser biasanya ditentukan oleh jenis bahan yang digunakan oleh penguatnya </p> <ul><li><b>Solid-state laser</b> material telah dikuatkan terdistribusi dalam matriks padat (seperti ruby atau neodymium: yttrium-aluminium garnet laser yag). Laser neodymium-yag memancarkan cahaya inframerah pada 1.064 nanometer (nm).</li> <li><b>Laser Gas</b> (helium dan helium-neon, hene, merupakan laser gas yang paling umum) memiliki output utama dari lampu inframerah. CO2 laser memancarkan energi jauh dr inframerah, dan digunakan untuk memotong material keras.</li> <li><b>Laser Excimer</b> (nama ini berasal dari istilah excited dan dimers) menggunakan gas reaktif, seperti klorin dan fluorin, dicampur dengan gas inert seperti argon, kripton atau xenon. Ketika elektrik dirangsang, molekul pseudo (dimer). Ketika lased, dimer menghasilkan cahaya dalam kisaran ultraviolet.</li> <li><b>Dye laser</b> menggunakan pewarna organik kompleks, seperti rhodamine 6g, dalam larutan cair atau suspensi sebagai media penguat.</li> <li><b>Semiconductor laser</b>, kadang-kadang disebut diode laser, laser yg tidak solid-state. Perangkat elektronik yg menggunakan ini umumnya sangat kecil dan menggunakan daya yang rendah. Mereka dapat dibangun menjadi array yang lebih besar, seperti sumber penulisan dalam beberapa printer laser atau CD player.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Manfaat_laser">Manfaat laser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laser&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Manfaat laser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laser&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Manfaat laser"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, laser digunakan pada berbagai bidang. Dalam penggunaannya, energi laser yang terpancar tiap satuan waktu dinyatakan dengan orde dari beberapa mW(Laser yand digunakan dalam system audio laser disk) sampai dengan beberapa MW(Laser yang digunakan untuk senjata). Besarnya energi laser yang dipilih bergantung pada penggunaannya. Pemanfaatan sinar laser misalnya pada bidang kedokteran, pelayanan (jasa), industri, astronomi, fotografi, elektronika, dan komunikasi. </p> <ul><li>Dalam bidang kedokteran dan kesehatan, sinar laser digunakan antara lain untuk mendiagnosis penyakit, pengobatan penyakit, dan perbaikan suatu cacat serta pembedahan.</li> <li>Pada bidang industri, sinar laser bermanfaat untuk pengelasan, pemotongan lempeng baja, serta untuk pengeboran.</li> <li>Pada bidang astronomi, sinar laser berdaya tinggi dapat digunakan untuk mengukur jarak Bumi Bulan dengan teliti.</li> <li>Dala bidang fotografi, laser mampu menghasilkan bayangan tiga dimensi dari suatu benda, disebut holografi.</li> <li>Dalam bidang elektronika, laser solid state berukuran kecil digunakan dalam system penyimpanan memori optik dalam computer.</li> <li>Dalam bidang komunikasi, laser berfungsi untuk memperkuat cahaya sehingga dapat menyalurkan suara dan sinyal gambar melalui serat optik.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aplikasi">Aplikasi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laser&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Aplikasi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laser&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Aplikasi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:DIN_4844-2_Warnung_vor_Laserstrahl_D-W010.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/DIN_4844-2_Warnung_vor_Laserstrahl_D-W010.svg/220px-DIN_4844-2_Warnung_vor_Laserstrahl_D-W010.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/DIN_4844-2_Warnung_vor_Laserstrahl_D-W010.svg/330px-DIN_4844-2_Warnung_vor_Laserstrahl_D-W010.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/DIN_4844-2_Warnung_vor_Laserstrahl_D-W010.svg/440px-DIN_4844-2_Warnung_vor_Laserstrahl_D-W010.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="616" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption>Simbol laser untuk peringatan/pemberitahuan</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Moon_clementine_lidar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Moon_clementine_lidar.jpg/300px-Moon_clementine_lidar.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Moon_clementine_lidar.jpg/450px-Moon_clementine_lidar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Moon_clementine_lidar.jpg/600px-Moon_clementine_lidar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2882" data-file-height="1441" /></a><figcaption>Pengukuran Lidar dari topografi bulan pada misi Clementine</figcaption></figure> <p>Sejak diperkenalkannya laser pada tahun 1960, sebagai <i>sebuah penyelesaian suatu masalah</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> maka dalam perkembangan berikutnya laser telah digunakan secara meluas, dalam bermacam-macam aplikasi modern, termasuk dalam bidang <a href="/wiki/Optik" class="mw-redirect" title="Optik">optik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elektronik" class="mw-disambig" title="Elektronik">elektronik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Optoelektronik" class="mw-redirect" title="Optoelektronik">optoelektronik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Teknologi_informasi" title="Teknologi informasi">teknologi informasi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sains" class="mw-redirect" title="Sains">sains</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kedokteran" title="Kedokteran">kedokteran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Industri" title="Industri">industri</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Militer" title="Militer">militer</a>. Secara umum, laser dianggap suatu pencapaian teknologi yang paling berpengaruh dalam abad ke-20. </p><p>Umumnya laser beroperasi dalam <a href="/wiki/Spektrum_optik" class="mw-redirect" title="Spektrum optik">spektrum tampak</a> pada frekuensi sekitar 1014 Hertz-15 Hertz atau ratusan ribu kali frekuensi <a href="/wiki/Gelombang_mikro" title="Gelombang mikro">gelombang mikro</a>. Pada awalnya peralatan penghasil sinar laser masih serba besar dan merepotkan. Selain tidak efisien, ia baru dapat berfungsi pada suhu sangat rendah. Sinar laser yang dihasilkan belum terpancar lurus. Pada kondisi cahaya sangat cerah pun, pancarannya gampang meliuk-liuk mengikuti kepadatan atmosfer. Waktu itu, sebuah pancaran laser dalam jarak 1 km, bisa tiba di tujuan akhir pada banyak titik dengan simpangan jarak hingga hitungan meter. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Laser_DSC09088.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Laser_DSC09088.JPG/220px-Laser_DSC09088.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Laser_DSC09088.JPG/330px-Laser_DSC09088.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Laser_DSC09088.JPG/440px-Laser_DSC09088.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1716" data-file-height="1692" /></a><figcaption>Peragaan peralatan Laser Helium-Neon di Laboratorium Kastler-Brossel dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Universitas_Pierre_and_Marie_Curie.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Universitas Pierre and Marie Curie. (halaman belum tersedia)">Universitas Pierre and Marie Curie.</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Beberapa kelebihan laser diantaranya adalah kekuatan <a href="/wiki/Daya" title="Daya">daya</a> keluarannya yang amat tinggi sangat diminati untuk beberapa applikasinya. Namun laser dengan daya yang rendah sekalipun (beberapa miliwatt) yang digunakan dalam pemancaran, masih dapat membahayakan penglihatan manusia, karena pancaran cahaya laser dapat mengakibatkan mata seseorang yang terkena mengalami kebutaan dalam sesaat atau tetap. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Daftar Kekuatan Laser Dan Kegunaan Laser </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Kekuatan</th> <th>Kegunaan / Fungsinya </th></tr> <tr> <td align="right"><span class="nowrap">1-5 mW</span></td> <td>Laser Penunjuk </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right"><span class="nowrap"> 5 mW</span></td> <td>Perangkat <a href="/wiki/CD-ROM" title="CD-ROM">CD-ROM</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right"><span class="nowrap">5–10 mW</span></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=DVD_Player&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DVD Player (halaman belum tersedia)">DVD Player</a> Atau Perangkat <a href="/wiki/DVD-ROM" class="mw-redirect" title="DVD-ROM">DVD-ROM</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right"><span class="nowrap">100 mW</span></td> <td>Kecepatan Tinggi Pembakaran Citra <a href="/wiki/CD-RW" title="CD-RW">CD-RW</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right"><span class="nowrap">250 mW</span></td> <td>Pemakai Pembakaran <a href="/w/index.php?title=DVD-R&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DVD-R (halaman belum tersedia)">DVD-R</a> 16x </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"><span class="nowrap">400 mW</span></td> <td>Membakar Kotak Perhiasan Dengan Diska Didalamnya Selama <span class="nowrap">4 Detik</span><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Percetakan DVD Piringan Ganda 24x<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right"><span class="nowrap"> 1 W</span></td> <td>Laser Hijau Digunakan Di dalam Piringan <i>Holographic Versatile Disc</i> (HVD) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right"><span class="nowrap">1–20 W</span></td> <td>Tidak Dijual Umum, Tetapi Ada Dan Digunakan Untuk Mesin Kecil </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right"><span class="nowrap">30–100 W</span></td> <td>Pembedahan CO<sub>2</sub> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right"><span class="nowrap">100–3000 W</span></td> <td>Pembedahan CO<sub>2</sub> Dan Laser Ini Digunakan Untuk Pemotongan Di Pabrik </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right"><span class="nowrap">5 kW</span></td> <td>Daya Pengeluarannya Mencapai 1 Cm/Bar </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right"><span class="nowrap">100 kW</span></td> <td>Digunakan Dalam Bidang Persenjataan Dan Didistribusikan Oleh <a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman" title="Northrop Grumman">Northrop Grumman</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laser&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laser&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Conceptual physics, Paul Hewitt, 2002</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hanel-photonics.com/laser_diode_market.html">"Laser Diode Market"</a>. Hanel Photonics<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">Sep 26,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Laser+Diode+Market&rft.pub=Hanel+Photonics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hanel-photonics.com%2Flaser_diode_market.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ALaser" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Hard_Townes" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Hard Townes">Charles H. Townes</a> (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.press.uchicago.edu/Misc/Chicago/284158_townes.html">"The first laser"</a>. Dalam Laura Garwin and Tim Lincoln. <i>A Century of Nature: Twenty-One Discoveries that Changed Science and the World</i>. University of Chicago Press. hlm. 107–12. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-226-28413-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-226-28413-1">0-226-28413-1</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2008-02-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+first+laser&rft.btitle=A+Century+of+Nature%3A+Twenty-One+Discoveries+that+Changed+Science+and+the+World&rft.pages=107-12&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-226-28413-1&rft.au=Charles+H.+Townes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.press.uchicago.edu%2FMisc%2FChicago%2F284158_townes.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ALaser" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zhtpYztY8-c">"Green Laser 400 mW burn a box CD in 4 second"</a>. youtube.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2011-12-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Green+Laser+400+mW+burn+a+box+CD+in+4+second&rft.pub=youtube.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DzhtpYztY8-c&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ALaser" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://elabz.com/laser-diode-power-output-based-on-dvd-rrw-specs/">"Laser Diode Power Output Based on DVD-R/RW specs"</a>. elabz.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2011-12-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Laser+Diode+Power+Output+Based+on+DVD-R%2FRW+specs&rft.pub=elabz.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Felabz.com%2Flaser-diode-power-output-based-on-dvd-rrw-specs%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ALaser" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_pula">Lihat pula</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laser&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Lihat pula" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laser&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Lihat pula"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Active_laser_medium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Active laser medium (halaman belum tersedia)">active laser medium</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laser_applications&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laser applications (halaman belum tersedia)">laser applications</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laser_construction&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laser construction (halaman belum tersedia)">laser construction</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laser_science&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laser science (halaman belum tersedia)">laser science</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_laser_types&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of laser types (halaman belum tersedia)">list of laser types</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ring_laser_gyroscope&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ring laser gyroscope (halaman belum tersedia)">ring laser gyroscope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maser" title="Maser">maser</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laser_Induced_Breakdown_Spectroscopy_(LIBS)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) (halaman belum tersedia)">Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laser_pointer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laser pointer (halaman belum tersedia)">Laser pointer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optik_adaptif" title="Optik adaptif">Optik adaptif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laser_cutting" class="mw-redirect" title="Laser cutting">Laser cutting</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pranala_luar">Pranala luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laser&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bagian: Pranala luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laser&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pranala luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.repairfaq.org/sam/lasersam.htm">Sam's Laser FAQ</a> by Samuel M. Goldwasser</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rp-photonics.com/encyclopedia.html">Encyclopedia of laser physics and technology</a> by Rüdiger Paschotta</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aip.org/pnu/2002/596.html">Liquid Light</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051225133454/http://www.aip.org/pnu/2002/596.html">Diarsipkan</a> 2005-12-25 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. by Phil Schewe, James Riordon, and Ben Stein</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=dn2497">Light turns into glowing liquid</a> by Eugenie Samuel</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aip.org/pt/vol-54/iss-8/p17.html">Experiments Detail How Powerful Ultrashort Laser Pulses Propagate through Air</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060105172943/http://www.aip.org/pt/vol-54/iss-8/p17.html">Diarsipkan</a> 2006-01-05 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nrl.navy.mil/content.php?P=03REVIEW59">Filamentation and Propagation of Ultra-Short, Intense Laser Pulses in Air</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080110022026/http://www.nrl.navy.mil/content.php?P=03REVIEW59">Diarsipkan</a> 2008-01-10 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aip.org/pnu/1992/physnews.100.htm">Lasing Activity without Population Inversion</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060422103832/http://www.aip.org/pnu/1992/physnews.100.htm">Diarsipkan</a> 2006-04-22 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. by Phillip F. Schewe and Ben Stein</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aip.org/pnu/1995/physnews.240.htm">Lasing without Inversion</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060422023457/http://www.aip.org/pnu/1995/physnews.240.htm">Diarsipkan</a> 2006-04-22 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. by Phillip F. 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style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18590415">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Konsep</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pencahayaan_aksen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pencahayaan aksen (halaman belum tersedia)">Pencahayaan aksen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperatur_warna" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperatur warna">Temperatur warna</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Efikasi_bercahaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Efikasi bercahaya (halaman belum tersedia)">Efisiensi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silau_(penglihatan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Silau (penglihatan) (halaman belum tersedia)">Silau</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lampu_listrik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lampu listrik (halaman belum tersedia)">Lampu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampu" title="Lampu">Pencahayaan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polusi_cahaya" title="Polusi cahaya">Polusi cahaya</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Polusi_cahaya_di_Hawaii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polusi cahaya di Hawaii (halaman belum tersedia)">Hawaii</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polusi_cahaya_di_Hong_Kong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polusi cahaya di Hong Kong (halaman belum tersedia)">Hong Kong</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soket_bola_lampu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soket bola lampu (halaman belum tersedia)">Soket bola lampu</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sekrup_Edison&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sekrup Edison (halaman belum tersedia)">sekrup Edison</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dasar_lampu_dua_pin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dasar lampu dua pin (halaman belum tersedia)">Dasar lampu dua pin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pencahayaan_tugas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pencahayaan tugas (halaman belum tersedia)">Pencahayaan tugas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Metode penyalaan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Pijaran" title="Pijaran">Pijaran</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lampu_pijar" title="Lampu pijar">Biasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampu_halogen" title="Lampu halogen">Halogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampu_Nernst" title="Lampu Nernst">Nernst</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Luminesensi" title="Luminesensi">Luminesensi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cathodoluminescence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cathodoluminescence (halaman belum tersedia)">Cathodoluminescent</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendaran_terstimulasi_elektron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pendaran terstimulasi elektron (halaman belum tersedia)">Terstimulasi elektron</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chemiluminescence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chemiluminescence (halaman belum tersedia)">Chemiluminescent</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektrokimialuminesensi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elektrokimialuminesensi (halaman belum tersedia)">Elektrokimialuminesensi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektroluminesen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elektroluminesen (halaman belum tersedia)">Elektroluminesen</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teknologi_electroluminescent_polimer_yang_diinduksi_lapangan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teknologi electroluminescent polimer yang diinduksi lapangan (halaman belum tersedia)">polimer yang diinduksi lapangan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluoresensi" title="Fluoresensi">Fluoresen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lampu_pendar" title="Lampu pendar">Lampu pendar</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lampu_pendar_kompak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lampu pendar kompak (halaman belum tersedia)">kompak</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lampu_tanpa_elektroda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lampu tanpa elektroda (halaman belum tersedia)">Induksi neon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Photoluminescence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Photoluminescence (halaman belum tersedia)">Photoluminescent</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lampu_laser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lampu laser (halaman belum tersedia)">lampu laser</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radioluminesensi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radioluminesensi (halaman belum tersedia)">Radioluminesensi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampu_padat" title="Lampu padat">Kondisi padat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lampu_LED" title="Lampu LED">bohlam LED</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Pembakaran" class="mw-disambig" title="Pembakaran">Pembakaran</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lampu_Karbida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lampu Karbida (halaman belum tersedia)">Asetilena/Karbida</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lampu_Argand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lampu Argand (halaman belum tersedia)">Argand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Api_unggun" title="Api unggun">Api unggun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilin" title="Lilin">Lilin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lampu_karcel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lampu karcel (halaman belum tersedia)">Karsel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diya_(lampu)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diya (lampu) (halaman belum tersedia)">Diya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flare" class="mw-redirect" title="Flare">Flare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampu_lucutan_gas" title="Lampu lucutan gas">Gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampu_minyak_tanah" title="Lampu minyak tanah">Minyak tanah</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Petromaks" title="Petromaks">Petromaks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lentera" title="Lentera">Lentera</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fanus" title="Fanus">Fanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampion" title="Lampion">Lampion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampion_terbang" title="Lampion terbang">Lampion terbang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pusat_perhatian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pusat perhatian (halaman belum tersedia)">Pusat perhatian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Obor_magnesium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Obor magnesium (halaman belum tersedia)">Obor magnesium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampu_minyak" title="Lampu minyak">Minyak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rushlight&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rushlight (halaman belum tersedia)">Rushlight</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lampu_pengaman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lampu pengaman (halaman belum tersedia)">Keamanan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lampu_Tilley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lampu Tilley (halaman belum tersedia)">Tilley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obor" title="Obor">Obor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Lampu_busur" title="Lampu busur">Busur listrik</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lampu_busur_karbon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lampu busur karbon (halaman belum tersedia)">Busur karbon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lampu_Klieg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lampu Klieg (halaman belum tersedia)">Lampu Klieg</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lilin_Yablochkov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lilin Yablochkov (halaman belum tersedia)">lilin Yablochkov</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Lampu_lucutan_gas" title="Lampu lucutan gas">gas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lampu_busur_Deuterium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lampu busur Deuterium (halaman belum tersedia)">Busur Deuterium</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cahaya_neon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cahaya neon (halaman belum tersedia)">Neon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lampu_neon" title="Lampu neon">Lampu neon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampu_plasma" title="Lampu plasma">Plasma</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lampu_belerang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lampu belerang (halaman belum tersedia)">Belerang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lampu_busur_Xenon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lampu busur Xenon (halaman belum tersedia)">Busur Xenon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xenon_flash_lamp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xenon flash lamp (halaman belum tersedia)">Xenon flash</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;;text-align:center;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=High-intensity_discharge_lamp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="High-intensity discharge lamp (halaman belum tersedia)">High-intensity<br />discharge <span style="font-size:90%;">(HID)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lampu_uap_raksa" title="Lampu uap raksa">uap raksa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampu_halida_logam" title="Lampu halida logam">Halida logam</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lampu_halida_logam_keramik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lampu halida logam keramik (halaman belum tersedia)">keramik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lampu_iodida_busur_sedang_hydrargyrum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lampu iodida busur sedang hydrargyrum (halaman belum tersedia)">Iodida busur sedang hydrargyrum <span style="font-size:90%;">(HMI)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrargyrum_quartz_iodide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hydrargyrum quartz iodide (halaman belum tersedia)">Hydrargyrum quartz iodide <span style="font-size:90%;">(HQI)</span></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampu_uap_natrium" title="Lampu uap natrium">Uap natrium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lampu" title="Lampu">Stasioner</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bola_lampu_pijar#Kode_bentuk_umum" class="mw-redirect" title="Bola lampu pijar">Reflektor</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lampu_reflektor_aluminium_parabola&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lampu reflektor aluminium parabola (halaman belum tersedia)">Reflektor aluminium parabola <span style="font-size:90%;">(PAR)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reflektor_multifaset&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reflektor multifaset (halaman belum tersedia)">Reflektor multifaset</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sorotan_reflektor_ellipsoidal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sorotan reflektor ellipsoidal (halaman belum tersedia)">Reflektor ellipsoidal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lampu_peringatan_pesawat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lampu peringatan pesawat (halaman belum tersedia)">Peringatan pesawat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lampu_lengan_seimbang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lampu lengan seimbang (halaman belum tersedia)">Lampu lengan seimbang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tempat_lilin" title="Tempat lilin">Tempat lilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampu_darurat" title="Lampu darurat">Lampu darurat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampu_lucutan_gas" title="Lampu lucutan gas">Lampu gas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lampu_leher_angsa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lampu leher angsa (halaman belum tersedia)">Lampu leher angsa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penerangan_jalan_cerdas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penerangan jalan cerdas (halaman belum tersedia)">Penerangan jalan cerdas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabung_cahaya" title="Tabung cahaya">Tabung cahaya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cahaya_malam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cahaya malam (halaman belum tersedia)">Cahaya malam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampu_neon" title="Lampu neon">Lampu neon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lampu_gantung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lampu gantung (halaman belum tersedia)">Lampu gantung</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cahaya_tersembunyi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cahaya tersembunyi (halaman belum tersedia)">Cahaya tersembunyi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tempat_Lilin_(lampu)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tempat Lilin (lampu) (halaman belum tersedia)">Tempat Lilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampu_jalan" title="Lampu jalan">Lampu jalan</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sejarah_penerangan_jalan_di_Amerika_Serikat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sejarah penerangan jalan di Amerika Serikat (halaman belum tersedia)">di AS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Torchere&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Torchere (halaman belum tersedia)">Torchere</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lacak_pencahayaan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lacak pencahayaan (halaman belum tersedia)">Lacak pencahayaan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Troffer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Troffer (halaman belum tersedia)">Troffer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Portabel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Senter" title="Senter">Senter</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lampu_taktis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lampu taktis (halaman belum tersedia)">Taktis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senter_bertenaga_mekanis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senter bertenaga mekanis (halaman belum tersedia)">Bertenaga mekanis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tongkat_cahaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tongkat cahaya (halaman belum tersedia)">Tongkat cahaya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Headlamp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Headlamp (halaman belum tersedia)">Headlamp</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Headlamp_(luar_ruang)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Headlamp (luar ruang) (halaman belum tersedia)">luar ruang</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lentera" title="Lentera">Lentera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pena_penunjuk" title="Pena penunjuk">Pena penunjuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampu_navigasi" title="Lampu navigasi">Lampu navigasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampu_sorot" title="Lampu sorot">Lampu sorot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampu_tenaga_surya" title="Lampu tenaga surya">Lampu surya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lampu_otomotif&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lampu otomotif (halaman belum tersedia)">Otomotif</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lampu_terang_hari" title="Lampu terang hari">Lampu terang hari</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lampu_Depan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lampu Depan (halaman belum tersedia)">Lampu Depan</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lampu_depan_tersembunyi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lampu depan tersembunyi (halaman belum tersedia)">tersembunyi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lampu_pelepasan_intensitas_tinggi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lampu pelepasan intensitas tinggi (halaman belum tersedia)">pelepasan intensitas tinggi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reflektor_aluminium_parabola&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reflektor aluminium parabola (halaman belum tersedia)">berkas tertutup</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pencahayaan_otomotif&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pencahayaan otomotif (halaman belum tersedia)">Lampu posisi belakang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pencahayaan_otomotif&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pencahayaan otomotif (halaman belum tersedia)">Lampu mundur</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reflektor_keamanan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reflektor keamanan (halaman belum tersedia)">Reflektor keamanan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Retroreflektor" class="mw-redirect" title="Retroreflektor">retroreflektor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampu_tanda_darurat" title="Lampu tanda darurat">Lampu stop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampu_tanda_darurat" title="Lampu tanda darurat">Sinyal belok</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trafikator&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trafikator (halaman belum tersedia)">trafikator</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_jenis_bola_lampu_otomotif&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar jenis bola lampu otomotif (halaman belum tersedia)">Jenis bola lampu otomotif</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Display</li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teknologi_pencahayaan_dekoratif&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teknologi pencahayaan dekoratif (halaman belum tersedia)">Dekoratif</a></li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lampu_aroma" title="Lampu aroma">Lampu aroma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cahaya_hitam" class="mw-redirect" title="Cahaya hitam">Cahaya hitam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lampu_gelembung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lampu gelembung (halaman belum tersedia)">Lampu gelembung</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lampu_Natal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lampu Natal (halaman belum tersedia)">Lampu Natal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tabung_kresek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tabung kresek (halaman belum tersedia)">Tabung kresek</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pencahayaan_DJ&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pencahayaan DJ (halaman belum tersedia)">Pencahayaan DJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawat_pendaran_listrik" title="Kawat pendaran listrik">Kawat pendaran listrik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lampu_lava&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lampu lava (halaman belum tersedia)">Lampu lava</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tenda_(struktur)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tenda (struktur) (halaman belum tersedia)">Tenda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bola_dunia_plasma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bola dunia plasma (halaman belum tersedia)">Bola dunia plasma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampu_sorot" title="Lampu sorot">Lampu sorot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pencahayaan_panggung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pencahayaan panggung (halaman belum tersedia)">Teater</a></li><li>Sinematik</li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Instrumen_pencahayaan_panggung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Instrumen pencahayaan panggung (halaman belum tersedia)">Lampu Sorot</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Footlight&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Footlight (halaman belum tersedia)">Footlight</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gobo_(pencahayaan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gobo (pencahayaan) (halaman belum tersedia)">Gobo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scoop_(teater)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scoop (teater) (halaman belum tersedia)">Scoop</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lampu_sorot_(pencahayaan_teater)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lampu sorot (pencahayaan teater) (halaman belum tersedia)">Lampu sorot</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sorotan_reflektor_ellipsoidal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sorotan reflektor ellipsoidal (halaman belum tersedia)">reflektor ellipsoidal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Instrumen_pencahayaan_panggung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Instrumen pencahayaan panggung (halaman belum tersedia)">Instrumen pencahayaan panggung</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Industrial</li><li>Scientific</li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lampu_Pembasmi_Kuman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lampu Pembasmi Kuman (halaman belum tersedia)">Pembasmi Kuman</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tumbuhkan_cahaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tumbuhkan cahaya (halaman belum tersedia)">Tumbuhkan cahaya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lampu_inframerah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lampu inframerah (halaman belum tersedia)">Lampu inframerah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stroboskop&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stroboskop (halaman belum tersedia)">Stroboskop</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lampu_Tanning&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lampu Tanning (halaman belum tersedia)">Tanning</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topik terkait</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bioluminesensi" title="Bioluminesensi">Bioluminesensi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pencahayaan_medan_perang" title="Pencahayaan medan perang">Pencahayaan medan perang</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Laser</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batu_permata_bercahaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Batu permata bercahaya (halaman belum tersedia)">Batu permata bercahaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efek_lautan_susu" title="Efek lautan susu">Efek lautan susu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protein_berpendar_hijau" title="Protein berpendar hijau">Protein berpendar hijau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampu_sinyal" title="Lampu sinyal">Lampu sinyal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_sumber_cahaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar sumber cahaya (halaman belum tersedia)">Sumber</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_sumber_cahaya_yang_dipantulkan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar sumber cahaya yang dipantulkan (halaman belum tersedia)">Terpantul</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diperoleh dari "<a dir="ltr" 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