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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style> The Conservative and Unionist Party, commonly the Conservative Party and colloquially known as the Tories,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-19">[19]</a> is one of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Two-party_system?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Two-party system">two main political parties</a> in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_Kingdom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, along with the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a>. Following defeat by Labour in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2024_United_Kingdom_general_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2024 United Kingdom general election">2024 general election</a>, it is currently the second largest political party by the number of votes cast and number of seats in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a>, followed by the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liberal Democrats (UK)">Liberal Democrats</a>. As the second largest party, it has the formal parliamentary role of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/His_Majesty%27s_Most_Loyal_Opposition?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="His Majesty's Most Loyal Opposition">Official Opposition</a>. The party sits on the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Right-wing_politics?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Right-wing politics">right-wing</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-accu-15">[15]</a> to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Centre-right_politics?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Centre-right politics">centre-right</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-inac-38">[38]</a>[<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Talk:Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Discussion" title="Talk:Conservative Party (UK)">discuss</a>] of the political spectrum. It encompasses various ideological factions including <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/One-nation_conservatism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="One-nation conservatism">one-nation conservatives</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Thatcherism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Thatcherism">Thatcherites</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Traditionalist_conservatism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Traditionalist conservatism">traditionalist conservatives</a>. There have been twenty Conservative <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">prime ministers</a>. The party traditionally holds the annual <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_Conference?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Conservative Party Conference">Conservative Party Conference</a> during <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Party_conference_season?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Party conference season">party conference season</a>, at which senior Conservative figures promote party policy. <table class="infobox vcard"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;"> <div style="padding-top:0.3em; padding-bottom:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #0087DC; border-bottom:2px solid #0087DC; line-height: 1;"> <div class="fn org"> Conservative and Unionist Party </div> </div></th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo" style="padding-top:.4em;padding-bottom:.3em;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Conservatives_logo.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a0/Conservatives_logo.svg/250px-Conservatives_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a0/Conservatives_logo.svg/375px-Conservatives_logo.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a0/Conservatives_logo.svg/500px-Conservatives_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="75"></a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leader_of_the_Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Leader of the Conservative Party (UK)">Leader</a></th> <td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kemi_Badenoch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kemi Badenoch">Kemi Badenoch</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leader_of_the_Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Leaders_in_the_House_of_Lords_(1834%E2%80%93present)" title="Leader of the Conservative Party (UK)">Lords Leader</a></th> <td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Lord_True?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="The Lord True">The Lord True</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chief_Whip_of_the_Conservative_Party?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chief Whip of the Conservative Party">Chief Whips</a></th> <td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="plainlist"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rebecca_Harris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rebecca Harris">Rebecca Harris</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">Commons</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Susan_Williams,_Baroness_Williams_of_Trafford?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Susan Williams, Baroness Williams of Trafford">Susan Williams</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/House_of_Lords_of_the_United_Kingdom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Lords of the United Kingdom">Lords</a>)</li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Conservative_Party?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chairman of the Conservative Party">Chairman</a></th> <td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nigel_Huddleston?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nigel Huddleston">Nigel Huddleston</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dominic_Johnson,_Baron_Johnson_of_Lainston?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dominic Johnson, Baron Johnson of Lainston">The Lord Johnson of Lainston</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Chief Executive</th> <td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;">Stephen Massey<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1">[1]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founded</th> <td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="plainlist"> <ul> <li>1834; 190 years ago (1834) (original form)</li> <li>9 May 1912; 112 years ago (1912-05-09) (current form)</li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Merger of</th> <td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="plainlist"> <ul> <li>Conservative Party</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liberal_Unionist_Party?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liberal Unionist Party">Liberal Unionist Party</a></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Preceded by</th> <td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tories_(British_political_party)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tories (British political party)">Tories</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Headquarters</th> <td class="infobox-data label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Campaign_Headquarters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Conservative Campaign Headquarters">Conservative Campaign Headquarters</a> 4 Matthew Parker Street, London SW1H 9HQ</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Youth_wing?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Youth wing">Youth wing</a></th> <td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Young_Conservatives_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Young Conservatives (UK)">Young Conservatives</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2">[2]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Women%27s_wing?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Women's wing">Women's wing</a></th> <td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Women%27s_Organisation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Conservative Women's Organisation">Conservative Women's Organisation</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Overseas wing</th> <td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservatives_Abroad?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Conservatives Abroad">Conservatives Abroad</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">LGBT wing</th> <td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LGBT%2B_Conservatives?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="LGBT+ Conservatives">LGBT+ Conservatives</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Membership <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>(November 2024)</th> <td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> 131,680<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3">[3]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of political ideologies">Ideology</a></th> <td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="plainlist nowrap"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservatism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Conservatism">Conservatism</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_Kingdom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Conservatism in the United Kingdom">British</a>)<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-5">[5]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Economic_liberalism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Economic liberalism">Economic liberalism</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-7">[7]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/British_unionism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="British unionism">British unionism</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-10">[10]</a></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Political_spectrum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Political spectrum">Political position</a></th> <td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Centre-right_politics?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Centre-right politics">Centre-right</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-14">[14]</a> to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Right-wing_politics?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Right-wing politics">right-wing</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-accu-15">[15]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">International affiliation</th> <td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Democracy_Union?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Democracy Union">International Democracy Union</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Irish affiliation</th> <td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="plainlist"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ulster_Unionist_Party?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ulster Unionist Party">Ulster Unionist Party</a> (1922–1972; 2009–2012)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Irish_Unionist_Alliance?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Irish Unionist Alliance">Irish Unionist Alliance</a> (1891–1922)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Irish_Conservative_Party?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Irish Conservative Party">Irish Conservative Party</a> (1834–1891)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ulster_Unionist_Party?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ulster Unionist Party">Ulster Unionist Party</a> (as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ulster_Conservatives_and_Unionists?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ulster Conservatives and Unionists">Ulster Conservatives and Unionists</a>) (2009–2012)</li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Colours</th> <td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style>  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sky_blue?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sky blue">Sky blue</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Slogan</th> <td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Renew and Rebuild (2024)<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-16">[16]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-17">[17]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Governing_body?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Governing body">Governing body</a></th> <td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_Board?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Conservative Party Board">Conservative Party Board</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Devolution_in_the_United_Kingdom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Devolution in the United Kingdom">Devolved or semi-autonomous branches</a></th> <td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="plainlist"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/London_Conservatives?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="London Conservatives">London Conservatives</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Scottish_Conservatives?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Scottish Conservatives">Scottish Conservatives</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Welsh_Conservatives?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Welsh Conservatives">Welsh Conservatives</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Conservatives?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Northern Ireland Conservatives">Northern Ireland Conservatives</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gibraltar_Conservatives?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gibraltar Conservatives">Gibraltar Conservatives</a></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parliamentary_party?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliamentary party">Parliamentary party</a></th> <td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1922_Committee?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1922 Committee">1922 Committee</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a></th> <td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"> <div style="width: 100px;"> 121 / 650 <div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"> <div style="background-color: #0087DC; width: 19%; height: 100%;"></div> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/House_of_Lords?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a></th> <td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"> <div style="width: 100px;"> 273 / 806 <div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"> <div style="background-color: #0087DC; width: 34%; height: 100%;"></div> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Scottish_Parliament?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Scottish Parliament">Scottish Parliament</a></th> <td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"> <div style="width: 100px;"> 31 / 129 <div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"> <div style="background-color: #0087DC; width: 24%; height: 100%;"></div> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Senedd?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Senedd">Senedd</a></th> <td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"> <div style="width: 100px;"> 16 / 60 <div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"> <div style="background-color: #0087DC; width: 27%; height: 100%;"></div> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Directly_elected_mayors_in_England?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Directly elected mayors in England">Regional mayors</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#endnote_a">[nb]</a></th> <td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"> <div style="width: 100px;"> 1 / 14 <div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"> <div style="background-color: #0087DC; width: 7%; height: 100%;"></div> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/London_Assembly?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="London Assembly">London Assembly</a></th> <td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"> <div style="width: 100px;"> 8 / 25 <div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"> <div style="background-color: #0087DC; width: 32%; height: 100%;"></div> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Police_and_crime_commissioner?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Police and crime commissioner">PCCs and PFCCs</a></th> <td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"> <div style="width: 100px;"> 19 / 37 <div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"> <div style="background-color: #0087DC; width: 51%; height: 100%;"></div> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Directly_elected_mayors_in_England?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Directly elected mayors in England">Local mayors</a></th> <td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"> <div style="width: 100px;"> 1 / 13 <div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"> <div style="background-color: #0087DC; width: 8%; height: 100%;"></div> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Political_make-up_of_local_councils_in_the_United_Kingdom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Political make-up of local councils in the United Kingdom">Councillors</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#endnote_b">[nb]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-18">[18]</a></th> <td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"> <div style="width: 100px;"> 5,104 / 18,766 <div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"> <div style="background-color: #0087DC; width: 27%; height: 100%;"></div> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 0.8em;">Website</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://conservatives.com">conservatives.com</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="padding-top:0;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style> <div class="hlist" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-top:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #0087DC;"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Politics_of_the_United_Kingdom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Politics of the United Kingdom">Politics of the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_United_Kingdom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of political parties in the United Kingdom">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elections_in_the_United_Kingdom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Elections in the United Kingdom">Elections</a></li> </ul> </div> <hr> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="plainlist"> <ul> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#ref_nb">^</a> Councillors of local authorities in England (including 25 aldermen of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/City_of_London_Corporation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="City of London Corporation">City of London</a>) and Scotland, principal councils in Wales and local councils in Northern Ireland.</li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> The Conservative Party was founded in 1834 from the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tories_(British_political_party)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tories (British political party)">Tory Party</a> and was one of two dominant political parties in the 19th century, along with the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liberal Party (UK)">Liberal Party</a>. Under <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Benjamin Disraeli</a>, it played a preeminent role in politics at the height of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/British_Empire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>. In 1912, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liberal_Unionist_Party?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liberal Unionist Party">Liberal Unionist Party</a> merged with the party to form the Conservative and Unionist Party. Rivalry with the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a> has shaped modern British politics for the last century. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/David_Cameron?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="David Cameron">David Cameron</a> sought to modernise the Conservatives after his election as leader in 2005, and the party governed from 2010 to 2024 under five prime ministers, latterly <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rishi_Sunak?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rishi Sunak">Rishi Sunak</a>. The party has generally adopted <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Economic_liberalism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Economic liberalism">liberal economic policies</a> favouring <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Free_market?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Free market">free markets</a> since the 1980s, although historically it advocated for <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Protectionism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Protectionism">protectionism</a>. The party is <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Unionism_in_the_United_Kingdom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Unionism in the United Kingdom">British unionist</a>, opposing a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_Ireland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="United Ireland">united Ireland</a> as well as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Scottish_independence?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Scottish independence">Scottish</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Welsh_independence?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Welsh independence">Welsh independence</a>, and has been critical of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Devolution_in_the_United_Kingdom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Devolution in the United Kingdom">devolution</a>. Historically, the party supported the continuance and maintenance of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/British_Empire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>. The party has taken various approaches towards the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/European_Union?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="European Union">European Union</a> (EU), with eurosceptic and, to a decreasing extent, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pro-Europeanism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pro-Europeanism">pro-European</a> factions within it. Historically, the party took a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Social_conservatism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Social conservatism">socially conservative</a> approach.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-39">[39]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-40">[40]</a> In defence policy, it supports an <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trident_(UK_nuclear_programme)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Trident (UK nuclear programme)">independent nuclear weapons programme</a> and commitment to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/NATO?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="NATO">NATO</a> membership. For much of modern British political history, the United Kingdom exhibited a wide <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Urban%E2%80%93rural_political_divide?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Urban–rural political divide">urban–rural political divide</a>;<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-41">[41]</a> the Conservative Party's voting and financial <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voting_bloc?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Voting bloc">support base</a> has historically consisted primarily of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Owner-occupancy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Owner-occupancy">homeowners</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Business_ownership_within_England_and_Wales?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Business ownership within England and Wales">business owners</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Farmer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Farmer">farmers</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Real_estate_development?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Real estate development">real estate developers</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Middle_class?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Middle class">middle class</a> voters, especially in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rural_area?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rural area">rural</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Suburb?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Suburb">suburban</a> areas of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/England?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="England">England</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-42">[42]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-43">[43]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-44">[44]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-45">[45]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-46">[46]</a> Since the EU referendum in 2016, the Conservatives targeted <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Working_class?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Working class">working class</a> voters from traditional Labour strongholds.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-The_Independent-47">[47]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Mueller-48">[48]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-49">[49]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-50">[50]</a> The Conservatives' domination of British politics throughout the 20th century made it one of the most successful political parties in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Western_world?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Western world">Western world</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-51">[51]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-52">[52]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-53">[53]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-54">[54]</a> The most recent period of Conservative government was marked by extraordinary political turmoil.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-James-2023-55">[55]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style> <div class="toclimit-3"> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#History">1 History</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Origins">1.1 Origins</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#1867%E2%80%931914:_Conservatives_and_Unionists">1.2 1867–1914: Conservatives and Unionists</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#First_World_War">1.3 First World War</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#1920%E2%80%931945">1.4 1920–1945</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#1945%E2%80%931975:_Post-war_consensus">1.5 1945–1975: Post-war consensus</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-7"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Popular_dissatisfaction">1.5.1 Popular dissatisfaction</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-8"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Modernising_the_party">1.5.2 Modernising the party</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-9"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#1965%E2%80%931975:_Edward_Heath">1.5.3 1965–1975: Edward Heath</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#1975%E2%80%931990:_Margaret_Thatcher">1.6 1975–1990: Margaret Thatcher</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#1990%E2%80%931997:_John_Major">1.7 1990–1997: John Major</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#1997%E2%80%932010:_Political_wilderness">1.8 1997–2010: Political wilderness</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#2010%E2%80%932024:_Austerity,_Brexit,_and_the_pandemic">1.9 2010–2024: Austerity, Brexit, and the pandemic</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-14"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#2010%E2%80%932016:_David_Cameron">1.9.1 2010–2016: David Cameron</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-15"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#2016%E2%80%932019:_Theresa_May">1.9.2 2016–2019: Theresa May</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-16"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#2019%E2%80%932022:_Boris_Johnson">1.9.3 2019–2022: Boris Johnson</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-17"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#2022:_Liz_Truss">1.9.4 2022: Liz Truss</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-18"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#2022%E2%80%932024:_Rishi_Sunak">1.9.5 2022–2024: Rishi Sunak</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-19"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#2024:_Kemi_Badenoch">1.9.6 2024: Kemi Badenoch</a></li> </ul></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Policies">2 Policies</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Economic_policy">2.1 Economic policy</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Social_policy">2.2 Social policy</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Foreign_policy">2.3 Foreign policy</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Defence_policy">2.4 Defence policy</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Health_and_drug_policy">2.5 Health and drug policy</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Education_and_research">2.6 Education and research</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Family_policy">2.7 Family policy</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-27"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Jobs_and_welfare_policy">2.8 Jobs and welfare policy</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-28"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Energy_and_climate_change_policy">2.9 Energy and climate change policy</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-29"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Justice,_crime_and_security_policy">2.10 Justice, crime and security policy</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-30"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Transport_and_infrastructure_policy">2.11 Transport and infrastructure policy</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-31"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#European_Union_policy">2.12 European Union policy</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-32"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Constitutional_policy">2.13 Constitutional policy</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-33"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Organisation">3 Organisation</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-34"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Party_structure">3.1 Party structure</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-35"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Membership">3.2 Membership</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-36"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Prospective_parliamentary_candidates">3.3 Prospective parliamentary candidates</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-37"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Young_Conservatives">3.4 Young Conservatives</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-38"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Conferences">3.5 Conferences</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-39"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Funding">3.6 Funding</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-40"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Financial_ties_to_Russian_oligarchs">3.6.1 Financial ties to Russian oligarchs</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-41"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#International_organisations">3.7 International organisations</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-42"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Logo">3.8 Logo</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-43"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Party_factions">4 Party factions</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-44"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#One-nation_Conservatives">4.1 One-nation Conservatives</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-45"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Free-market_Conservatives">4.2 Free-market Conservatives</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-46"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Traditionalist_Conservatives">4.3 Traditionalist Conservatives</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-47"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Relationships_between_the_factions">4.4 Relationships between the factions</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-48"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Electoral_performance_and_campaigns">5 Electoral performance and campaigns</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-49"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#UK_general_election_results">5.1 UK general election results</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-50"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Notes">6 Notes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-51"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Associated_groups">7 Associated groups</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-52"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Ideological_groups">7.1 Ideological groups</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-53"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Interest_groups">7.2 Interest groups</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-54"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Think_tanks">7.3 Think tanks</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-55"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Alliances">7.4 Alliances</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-56"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Party_structures">7.5 Party structures</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-57"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#See_also">8 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-58"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Notes_2">9 Notes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-59"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#References">10 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-60"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Further_reading">11 Further reading</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-61"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Historiography">11.1 Historiography</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-62"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#External_links">12 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <h2 id="History">History</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main article: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/History_of_the_Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="History of the Conservative Party (UK)">History of the Conservative Party (UK)</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Sir_Robert_Peel,_2nd_Bt_by_Henry_William_Pickersgill-detail.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Sir_Robert_Peel%2C_2nd_Bt_by_Henry_William_Pickersgill-detail.jpg/170px-Sir_Robert_Peel%2C_2nd_Bt_by_Henry_William_Pickersgill-detail.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="237" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1890" data-file-height="2634"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 237px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Sir_Robert_Peel%2C_2nd_Bt_by_Henry_William_Pickersgill-detail.jpg/170px-Sir_Robert_Peel%2C_2nd_Bt_by_Henry_William_Pickersgill-detail.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="237" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Sir_Robert_Peel%2C_2nd_Bt_by_Henry_William_Pickersgill-detail.jpg/255px-Sir_Robert_Peel%2C_2nd_Bt_by_Henry_William_Pickersgill-detail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Sir_Robert_Peel%2C_2nd_Bt_by_Henry_William_Pickersgill-detail.jpg/340px-Sir_Robert_Peel%2C_2nd_Bt_by_Henry_William_Pickersgill-detail.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Robert_Peel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Robert Peel">Robert Peel</a>, twice <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister of the United Kingdom</a> and founder of the Conservative Party </figcaption> </figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Origins">Origins</h3> </div> Some writers trace the party's origins to the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tories_(British_political_party)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tories (British political party)">Tory Party</a>, which it soon replaced. Other historians point to a faction, rooted in the 18th century <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Whigs_(British_political_party)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Whigs (British political party)">Whig Party</a>, that coalesced around <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Pitt_the_Younger?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William Pitt the Younger">William Pitt the Younger</a> in the 1780s. They were known as "Independent Whigs", "<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tories_(British_political_party)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Friends_of_Mr_Pitt" title="Tories (British political party)">Friends of Mr Pitt</a>", or "Pittites" and never used terms such as "Tory" or "Conservative". From about 1812, the name "Tory" was commonly used for a new party that, according to historian Robert Blake, "are the ancestors of Conservatism". Blake adds that Pitt's successors after 1812 "were not in any sense standard-bearers of 'true Toryism'".<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-56">[56]</a> The term Tory was an insult that entered <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Politics_of_England?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Politics of England">English politics</a> during the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exclusion_Crisis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Exclusion Crisis">Exclusion Bill</a> crisis of 1678–1681, which derived from the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Middle_Irish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Middle Irish">Middle Irish</a> word tóraidhe (modern <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Irish_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Irish language">Irish</a>: tóraí) meaning <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Outlaw?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Outlaw">outlaw</a> or robber, which in turn derived from the Irish word tóir, meaning pursuit, since outlaws were "pursued men".<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-57">[57]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-58">[58]</a> The term "<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservative">Conservative</a>" was suggested as a title for the party in an article by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Wilson_Croker?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Wilson Croker">J. Wilson Croker</a> published in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Quarterly_Review?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Quarterly Review">Quarterly Review</a> in 1830.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-59">[59]</a> The name immediately caught on and was formally adopted under the aegis of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Robert_Peel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Robert Peel">Robert Peel</a> around 1834. Peel is acknowledged as the founder of the Conservative Party, which he created with the announcement of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tamworth_Manifesto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tamworth Manifesto">Tamworth Manifesto</a>. The term "Conservative Party" rather than Tory was the dominant usage by 1845.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-60">[60]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-61">[61]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="1867–1914:_Conservatives_and_Unionists">1867–1914: Conservatives and Unionists</h3> </div> The widening of the electoral franchise in the 19th century forced the Conservative Party to popularise its approach under <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edward_Smith-Stanley,_14th_Earl_of_Derby?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby">Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Benjamin Disraeli</a>, who carried through their own expansion of the franchise with the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reform_Act_1867?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reform Act 1867">Reform Act of 1867</a>. The party was initially opposed to further expansion of the electorate but eventually allowed passage of Gladstone's <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Representation_of_the_People_Act_1884?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Representation of the People Act 1884">1884 Reform Act</a>. In 1886, the party formed an alliance with <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spencer_Cavendish,_8th_Duke_of_Devonshire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spencer Cavendish, 8th Duke of Devonshire">Spencer Cavendish</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Joseph_Chamberlain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Joseph Chamberlain">Joseph Chamberlain</a>'s new <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liberal_Unionist_Party?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liberal Unionist Party">Liberal Unionist Party</a> and, under the statesmen <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil,_3rd_Marquess_of_Salisbury?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury">Robert Gascoyne-Cecil</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arthur_Balfour?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arthur Balfour">Arthur Balfour</a>, held power for all but three of the following twenty years before suffering a heavy defeat in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1906_United_Kingdom_general_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1906 United Kingdom general election">1906</a> when it split over the issue of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Free_trade?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Free trade">free trade</a>. Young <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Winston_Churchill?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> denounced Chamberlain's attack on free trade, and helped organise the opposition inside the Unionist/Conservative Party. Nevertheless, Balfour, as party leader, introduced protectionist legislation.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-62">[62]</a> Churchill crossed the floor and formally joined the Liberal Party (he rejoined the Conservatives in 1925). In December, Balfour lost control of his party, as the defections multiplied. He was replaced by Liberal Prime Minister <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Henry_Campbell-Bannerman?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Henry Campbell-Bannerman">Henry Campbell-Bannerman</a> who called <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1906_United_Kingdom_general_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1906 United Kingdom general election">an election in January 1906</a>, which produced a massive Liberal victory. Liberal Prime Minister <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/H._H._Asquith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="H. H. Asquith">H. H. Asquith</a> enacted a great deal of reform legislation, but the Unionists worked hard at grassroots organizing. Two general elections were held in 1910, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/January_1910_United_Kingdom_general_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="January 1910 United Kingdom general election">in January</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/December_1910_United_Kingdom_general_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="December 1910 United Kingdom general election">in December</a>. The two main parties were now almost dead equal in seats, but the Liberals kept control with a coalition with the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Irish_Parliamentary_Party?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Irish Parliamentary Party">Irish Parliamentary Party</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-63">[63]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-64">[64]</a> In 1912, the Liberal Unionists merged with the Conservative Party. In Ireland, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Irish_Unionist_Alliance?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Irish Unionist Alliance">Irish Unionist Alliance</a> had been formed in 1891 which merged Unionists who were opposed to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Irish_Home_Rule_movement?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Irish Home Rule movement">Irish Home Rule</a> into one political movement. Its MPs took the Conservative whip at Westminster, essentially forming the Irish wing of the party until 1922. In Britain, the Conservative party was known as the Unionist Party because of its opposition to home rule.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-65">[65]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-66">[66]</a> Under <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bonar_Law?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bonar Law">Bonar Law</a>'s leadership in 1911–1914, the Party morale improved, the "radical right" wing was contained, and the party machinery strengthened. It made some progress toward developing constructive social policies.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-67">[67]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="First_World_War">First World War</h3> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Further information: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/History_of_the_United_Kingdom_during_the_First_World_War?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="History of the United Kingdom during the First World War">History of the United Kingdom during the First World War</a> </div> While the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liberal Party (UK)">Liberals</a> were mostly against the war until the invasion of Belgium, Conservative leaders were strongly in favour of aiding France and stopping Germany. The Liberal party was in full control of the government until its mismanagement of the war effort under the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shell_Crisis_of_1915?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shell Crisis of 1915">Shell Crisis</a> badly hurt its reputation. An all-party coalition government was formed in May 1915. In late 1916 Liberal <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/David_Lloyd_George?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="David Lloyd George">David Lloyd George</a> became prime minister but the Liberals soon split and the Conservatives dominated the government, especially after their <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1918_United_Kingdom_general_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1918 United Kingdom general election">landslide in the 1918 election</a>. The Liberal party never recovered, but <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a> gained strength after 1920.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-68">[68]</a> Nigel Keohane finds that the Conservatives were bitterly divided before 1914 but the war pulled the party together, allowing it to emphasise patriotism as it found new leadership and worked out its positions on the Irish question, socialism, electoral reform, and the issue of intervention in the economy. The fresh emphasis on <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anti-Socialism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Socialism">anti-Socialism</a> was its response to the growing strength of the Labour Party. When electoral reform was an issue, it worked to protect their base in rural England.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-69">[69]</a> It aggressively sought female voters in the 1920s, often relying on patriotic themes.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-70">[70]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="1920–1945">1920–1945</h3> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main article: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Interwar_Britain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Interwar Britain">Interwar Britain</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Sir_Winston_Churchill_-_19086236948.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Sir_Winston_Churchill_-_19086236948.jpg/170px-Sir_Winston_Churchill_-_19086236948.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="211" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="6036" data-file-height="7504"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 211px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Sir_Winston_Churchill_-_19086236948.jpg/170px-Sir_Winston_Churchill_-_19086236948.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="211" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Sir_Winston_Churchill_-_19086236948.jpg/255px-Sir_Winston_Churchill_-_19086236948.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Sir_Winston_Churchill_-_19086236948.jpg/340px-Sir_Winston_Churchill_-_19086236948.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Winston_Churchill?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a>, who was twice Prime Minister of the United Kingdom </figcaption> </figure> In 1922, Bonar Law and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stanley_Baldwin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stanley Baldwin">Stanley Baldwin</a> led the breakup of the coalition, and the Conservatives governed until 1923, when a minority Labour government led by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ramsay MacDonald">Ramsay MacDonald</a> came to power. The Conservatives regained power in 1924 but were defeated in 1929 as a minority Labour government took office. In 1931, following the collapse of the Labour minority government, it entered another coalition, which was dominated by the Conservatives with some support from factions of both the Liberal Party and the Labour Party (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/National_Labour_Organisation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="National Labour Organisation">National Labour</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_(UK,_1931)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="National Liberal Party (UK, 1931)">National Liberals</a>).<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Vernon_Bogdanor,_Multi-Party_Politics_and_the_Constitution-71">[71]</a> In May 1940 a more balanced coalition was formed<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Vernon_Bogdanor,_Multi-Party_Politics_and_the_Constitution-71">[71]</a>—the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/National_Government_(United_Kingdom)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="National Government (United Kingdom)">National Government</a>—which, under the leadership of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Winston_Churchill?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a>, saw the United Kingdom through the Second World War. However, the party lost the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1945_United_Kingdom_general_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1945 United Kingdom general election">1945 general election</a> in a landslide to the resurgent Labour Party.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-72">[72]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-73">[73]</a> The concept of the "property-owning democracy" was coined by Noel Skelton in 1923 and became a core principle of the party.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Matthew_Francis_2011-74">[74]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="1945–1975:_Post-war_consensus">1945–1975: Post-war consensus</h3> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main article: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Post-war_Britain_(1945%E2%80%931979)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Post-war Britain (1945–1979)">Post-war Britain (1945–1979)</a> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Popular_dissatisfaction">Popular dissatisfaction</h4> </div> While serving in Opposition during the late 1940s, the Conservative Party exploited and incited growing public anger at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rationing_in_the_United_Kingdom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rationing in the United Kingdom">food rationing</a>, scarcity, controls, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Austerity?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Austerity">austerity</a>, and government bureaucracy. It used the dissatisfaction with the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Socialist?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist">socialist</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Egalitarian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Egalitarian">egalitarian</a> policies of the Labour Party to rally middle-class supporters and build a political comeback that won them the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1951_United_Kingdom_general_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1951 United Kingdom general election">1951 general election</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-75">[75]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Modernising_the_party">Modernising the party</h4> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Harold_Macmillan.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Harold_Macmillan.jpg/170px-Harold_Macmillan.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="223" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1173" data-file-height="1536"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 223px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Harold_Macmillan.jpg/170px-Harold_Macmillan.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="223" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Harold_Macmillan.jpg/255px-Harold_Macmillan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Harold_Macmillan.jpg/340px-Harold_Macmillan.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Harold_Macmillan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Harold Macmillan">Harold Macmillan</a> is closely associated with the post-war settlement. </figcaption> </figure> In 1947, the party published its <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Industrial_Charter?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Industrial Charter">Industrial Charter</a> which marked its acceptance of the "<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Post-war_consensus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Post-war consensus">post-war consensus</a>" on the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mixed_economy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mixed economy">mixed economy</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Labour_rights?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Labour rights">labour rights</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-76">[76]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/David_Maxwell_Fyfe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="David Maxwell Fyfe">David Maxwell Fyfe</a> chaired a committee into Conservative Party organisation that resulted in the Maxwell Fyfe Report (1948–49). The report required the party to do more fundraising, by forbidding constituency associations from demanding large donations from candidates, with the intention of broadening the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Diversity_(politics)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Diversity (politics)">diversity</a> of MPs. In practice, it may have had the effect of lending more power to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_Kingdom_constituencies?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="United Kingdom constituencies">constituency</a> parties and making candidates more uniform.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-77">[77]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Winston_Churchill?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a>, the party leader, brought in a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Conservative_Party?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chairman of the Conservative Party">Party chairman</a> to modernise the party: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Frederick_Marquis,_1st_Earl_of_Woolton?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Frederick Marquis, 1st Earl of Woolton">Frederick Marquis, 1st Earl of Woolton</a> rebuilt the local organisations with an emphasis on membership, money, and a unified national propaganda appeal on critical issues.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-78">[78]</a> With a narrow victory at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1951_United_Kingdom_general_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1951 United Kingdom general election">1951 general election</a>, despite losing the popular vote, Churchill was back in power. Apart from rationing, which was ended in 1954, most of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Welfare_state?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Welfare state">welfare state</a> enacted by Labour were accepted by the Conservatives and became part of the "post-war consensus" that was satirised as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Butskellism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Butskellism">Butskellism</a> and that lasted until the 1970s.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-79">[79]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-80">[80]</a> The Conservatives were conciliatory towards unions, but they did privatise the steel and road haulage industries in 1953.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-81">[81]</a> During the Conservatives' thirteen-year tenure in office, pensions went up by 49% in real terms, sickness and unemployment benefits by 76% in real terms, and supplementary benefits by 46% in real terms. However, family allowances fell by 15% in real terms.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-82">[82]</a> "Thirteen Wasted Years" was a popular slogan attacking the Conservative record, primarily from Labour. In addition, there were attacks by the right wing of the Conservative Party itself for its tolerance of socialist policies and reluctance to curb the legal powers of labour unions. The Conservatives were re-elected in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1955_United_Kingdom_general_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1955 United Kingdom general election">1955</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1959_United_Kingdom_general_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1959 United Kingdom general election">1959</a> with larger majorities. Conservative Prime Ministers Churchill, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anthony_Eden?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anthony Eden">Anthony Eden</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Harold_Macmillan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Harold Macmillan">Harold Macmillan</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alec_Douglas-Home?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alec Douglas-Home">Alec Douglas-Home</a> promoted relatively liberal trade regulations and less state involvement throughout the 1950s and early 1960s. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Suez_Crisis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Suez Crisis">Suez Crisis</a> of 1956 was a humiliating defeat for Prime Minister Eden, but his successor, Macmillan, minimised the damage and focused attention on domestic issues and prosperity. Following controversy over the selections of Harold Macmillan and Alec Douglas-Home via a process of consultation known as the 'Magic Circle',<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-83">[83]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-84">[84]</a> a formal election process was created and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1965_Conservative_Party_leadership_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1965 Conservative Party leadership election">the first leadership election</a> was held in 1965, won by Edward Heath.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-85">[85]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="1965–1975:_Edward_Heath">1965–1975: Edward Heath</h4> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Edward_Heath_4_Allan_Warren.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Edward_Heath_4_Allan_Warren.jpg/170px-Edward_Heath_4_Allan_Warren.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="211" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="10157" data-file-height="12633"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 211px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Edward_Heath_4_Allan_Warren.jpg/170px-Edward_Heath_4_Allan_Warren.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="211" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Edward_Heath_4_Allan_Warren.jpg/255px-Edward_Heath_4_Allan_Warren.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Edward_Heath_4_Allan_Warren.jpg/340px-Edward_Heath_4_Allan_Warren.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edward_Heath?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edward Heath">Edward Heath</a> </figcaption> </figure> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edward_Heath?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edward Heath">Edward Heath</a>'s 1970–74 government was known for taking the UK into the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/EEC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="EEC">EEC</a>, although the right-wing of the party objected to his failure to control the trade unions at a time when a declining British industry saw many strikes, as well as the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1973%E2%80%9375_recession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1973–75 recession">1973–75 recession</a>. Since accession to the EEC, which developed into the EU, British membership has been a source of heated debate within the party. Heath had come to power in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1970_United_Kingdom_general_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1970 United Kingdom general election">June 1970</a> and the last possible date for the next general election was not until mid-1975.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-86">[86]</a> However a general election was held in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/February_1974_United_Kingdom_general_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="February 1974 United Kingdom general election">February 1974</a> in a bid to win public support during a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Three-day_week?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Three-day week">national emergency</a> caused by the miners' strike. Heath's attempt to win a second term at this "snap" election failed, as a deadlock result <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hung_parliament?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hung parliament">left no party with an overall majority</a>. Heath resigned within days, after failing to gain <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liberal Party (UK)">Liberal Party</a> support to form a coalition government. Labour won the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/October_1974_United_Kingdom_general_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="October 1974 United Kingdom general election">October 1974 election</a> with an overall majority of three seats.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-87">[87]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="1975–1990:_Margaret_Thatcher">1975–1990: Margaret Thatcher</h3> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Further information: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Premiership_of_Margaret_Thatcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Premiership of Margaret Thatcher">Premiership of Margaret Thatcher</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Margaret_Thatcher_(1983).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Margaret_Thatcher_%281983%29.jpg/170px-Margaret_Thatcher_%281983%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2444" data-file-height="3259"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 227px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Margaret_Thatcher_%281983%29.jpg/170px-Margaret_Thatcher_%281983%29.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="227" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Margaret_Thatcher_%281983%29.jpg/255px-Margaret_Thatcher_%281983%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Margaret_Thatcher_%281983%29.jpg/340px-Margaret_Thatcher_%281983%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a> </figcaption> </figure> Loss of power weakened Heath's control over the party and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a> deposed him in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1975_Conservative_Party_leadership_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1975 Conservative Party leadership election">1975 leadership election</a>. Thatcher led her party to victory at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1979_United_Kingdom_general_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1979 United Kingdom general election">1979 general election</a> with a manifesto which concentrated on the party's philosophy.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-88">[88]</a> As Prime Minister, Thatcher focused on rejecting the mild liberalism of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Post-war_consensus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Post-war consensus">post-war consensus</a> that tolerated or encouraged nationalisation, strong labour unions, heavy regulation, and high taxes.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-89">[89]</a> She did not challenge the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/National_Health_Service?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="National Health Service">National Health Service</a>, and supported the Cold War policies of the consensus, but otherwise tried to dismantle and delegitimise it. She built a right-wing political ideology that became known as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Thatcherism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Thatcherism">Thatcherism</a>, based on social and economic ideas from British and American intellectuals such as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Friedrich_Hayek?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Friedrich Hayek">Friedrich Hayek</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Milton_Friedman?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Milton Friedman">Milton Friedman</a>. Thatcher believed that too much socially democratic-oriented government policy was leading to a long-term decline in the British economy. As a result, her government pursued a programme of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Economic_liberalism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Economic liberalism">economic liberalism</a>, adopting a free-market approach to public services based on the sale of publicly owned industries and utilities, as well as a reduction in trade union power. One of Thatcher's largest and most successful policies assisted council house tenants in public housing to purchase their homes at favourable rates. The "Right to Buy" had emerged in the late 1940s but was too great a challenge to the post-war consensus to win Conservative endorsement. Thatcher favoured the idea because it would lead to a "property-owning democracy", an important idea that had emerged in the 1920s.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Matthew_Francis_2011-74">[74]</a> Some local Conservative-run councils enacted profitable local sales schemes during the late 1960s. By the 1970s, many working-class people could afford to buy homes, and eagerly adopted Thatcher's invitation to purchase their homes at a sizable discount. The new owners were more likely to vote Conservative, as Thatcher had hoped.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-90">[90]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-91">[91]</a> Thatcher led the Conservatives to two further electoral victories in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1983_United_Kingdom_general_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1983 United Kingdom general election">1983</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1987_United_Kingdom_general_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1987 United Kingdom general election">1987</a>. She was deeply unpopular in certain sections of society due to high unemployment and her response to the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/UK_miners%27_strike_(1984%E2%80%931985)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="UK miners' strike (1984–1985)">miners' strike</a>. Unemployment had doubled between 1979 and 1982, largely due to Thatcher's <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monetarist?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Monetarist">monetarist</a> battle against inflation.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-news.bbc.co.uk-92">[92]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-93">[93]</a> At the time of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1979_United_Kingdom_general_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1979 United Kingdom general election">1979 general election</a>, inflation had been at 9% or under for the previous year, then increased to over 20% in the first two years of the Thatcher ministry, but it had fallen again to 5.8% by the start of 1983.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-94">[94]</a> The period of unpopularity of the Conservatives in the early 1980s coincided with a crisis in the Labour Party, which then formed the main opposition. Victory in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Falklands_War?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Falklands War">Falklands War</a> in June 1982, along with the recovering British economy, saw the Conservatives returning quickly to the top of the opinion polls and winning the 1983 general election with a landslide majority, due to a split opposition vote.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-news.bbc.co.uk-92">[92]</a> By the time of the general election in June 1987, the economy was stronger, with lower inflation and falling unemployment and Thatcher secured her third successive electoral victory.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-95">[95]</a> The introduction of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Community_Charge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Community Charge">Community Charge</a> (known by its opponents as the poll tax) in 1989 is often cited as contributing to her political downfall. Internal party tensions led to a leadership challenge by the Conservative MP <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Michael_Heseltine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Michael Heseltine">Michael Heseltine</a> and she resigned on 28 November 1990.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-96">[96]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="1990–1997:_John_Major">1990–1997: John Major</h3> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:John_Major_1996.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/John_Major_1996.jpg/170px-John_Major_1996.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="470" data-file-height="628"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 227px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/John_Major_1996.jpg/170px-John_Major_1996.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="227" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/John_Major_1996.jpg/255px-John_Major_1996.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/John_Major_1996.jpg/340px-John_Major_1996.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Major?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Major">John Major</a>, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1990–1997) </figcaption> </figure> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Major?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Major">John Major</a> won the party leadership election on 27 November 1990, and his appointment led to an almost immediate boost in Conservative Party fortunes.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-97">[97]</a> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1992_United_Kingdom_general_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1992 United Kingdom general election">election</a> was held on 9 April 1992 and the Conservatives won a fourth successive electoral victory, contrary to predictions from opinion polls.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1992GE-98">[98]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-99">[99]</a> The Conservatives became the first party to attract 14 million votes in a general election.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-100">[100]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-101">[101]</a> On 16 September 1992, the Government suspended Britain's membership of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/European_Exchange_Rate_Mechanism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="European Exchange Rate Mechanism">European Exchange Rate Mechanism</a> (ERM), after the pound fell lower than its minimum level in the ERM, a day thereafter referred to as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Black_Wednesday?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Black Wednesday">Black Wednesday</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-102">[102]</a> Soon after, approximately one million householders faced repossession of their homes during a recession that saw a sharp rise in unemployment, taking it close to 3 million people.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:2-103">[103]</a> The party subsequently lost much of its reputation for good financial stewardship. The end of the recession was declared in April 1993.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-104">[104]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:2-103">[103]</a> From 1994 to 1997, Major <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Privatisation_of_British_Rail?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Privatisation of British Rail">privatised British Rail</a>. The party was plagued by internal division and infighting, mainly over the UK's role in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/European_Union?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="European Union">European Union</a>. The party's <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Euroscepticism_in_the_United_Kingdom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Euroscepticism in the United Kingdom">Eurosceptic</a> wing, represented by MPs such as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Redwood?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Redwood">John Redwood</a>, opposed further EU integration, whilst the party's pro-European wing, represented by those such as Chancellor of the Exchequer <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kenneth_Clarke?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kenneth Clarke">Kenneth Clarke</a>, was broadly supportive. The issue of the creation of a single European currency also inflamed tensions.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-105">[105]</a> Major survived a leadership challenge in 1995 by Redwood, but Redwood received 89 votes, further undermining Major's influence.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-106">[106]</a> The Conservative government was increasingly accused in the media of "<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Political_scandals_in_the_United_Kingdom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Political scandals in the United Kingdom">sleaze</a>". Their support reached its lowest ebb in late 1994. Over the next two years the Conservatives gained some credit for the strong economic recovery and fall in unemployment.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-autogenerated2-107">[107]</a> But an effective opposition campaign by the Labour Party culminated in a landslide defeat for the Conservatives <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1997_United_Kingdom_general_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1997 United Kingdom general election">in 1997</a>, their worst defeat since the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1906_United_Kingdom_general_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1906 United Kingdom general election">1906 general election</a>. The 1997 election left the Conservative Party as an England-only party, with all Scottish and Welsh seats having been lost, and not a single new seat having been gained anywhere. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="1997–2010:_Political_wilderness">1997–2010: Political wilderness</h3> </div> Major resigned as party leader and was succeeded by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Hague?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William Hague">William Hague</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1997OTD-108">[108]</a> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2001_United_Kingdom_general_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2001 United Kingdom general election">2001 general election</a> resulted in a net gain of one seat for the Conservative Party and returned a mostly unscathed Labour Party back to government.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-109">[109]</a> This all occurred months after the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fuel_protests_in_the_United_Kingdom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fuel protests in the United Kingdom">fuel protests of September 2000</a> had seen the Conservatives briefly take a narrow lead over Labour in the opinion polls.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-110">[110]</a> In 2001, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Iain_Duncan_Smith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Iain Duncan Smith">Iain Duncan Smith</a> was elected leader of the party.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1997OTD-108">[108]</a> Although Duncan Smith was a strong <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurosceptic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurosceptic">Eurosceptic</a>,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-111">[111]</a> during his tenure, Europe ceased to be an issue of division in the party as it united behind calls for a referendum on the proposed <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/European_Union_Constitution?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="European Union Constitution">European Union Constitution</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-112">[112]</a> However, before he could lead the party into a general election, Duncan Smith lost the vote on a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Motion_of_no_confidence?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Motion of no confidence">motion of no confidence</a> by MPs.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-113">[113]</a> This was despite the Conservative support equalling that of Labour in the months leading up to his departure from the leadership.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-autogenerated2-107">[107]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Michael_Howard?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Michael Howard">Michael Howard</a> then <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2003_Conservative_Party_leadership_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2003 Conservative Party leadership election">stood for the leadership unopposed</a> on 6 November 2003.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-114">[114]</a> Under Howard's leadership in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2005_United_Kingdom_general_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2005 United Kingdom general election">2005 general election</a>, the Conservative Party increased their total vote share and—more significantly—their number of parliamentary seats, reducing Labour's majority.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-115">[115]</a> The day following the election, Howard resigned. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/David_Cameron?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="David Cameron">David Cameron</a> won the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2005_Conservative_Party_leadership_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2005 Conservative Party leadership election">2005 leadership election</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-116">[116]</a> He then announced his intention to reform and realign the Conservatives.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Cameron-speech-117">[117]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-118">[118]</a> For most of 2006 and the first half of 2007, polls showed leads over Labour for the Conservatives.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-119">[119]</a> Polls became more volatile in summer 2007 with the accession of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gordon_Brown?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gordon Brown">Gordon Brown</a> as Prime Minister. The Conservatives gained control of the London <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mayor_of_London?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mayor of London">mayoralty</a> for the first time in 2008 after <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Boris_Johnson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Boris Johnson">Boris Johnson</a> defeated the Labour incumbent, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ken_Livingstone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ken Livingstone">Ken Livingstone</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-120">[120]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="2010–2024:_Austerity,_Brexit,_and_the_pandemic">2010–2024: Austerity, Brexit, and the pandemic</h3> </div> In May 2010 the Conservative Party came to government, first under a coalition with the Liberal Democrats and later as a series of majority and minority governments. During this period there were five Conservative Prime Ministers: David Cameron, Theresa May, Boris Johnson, Liz Truss, and Rishi Sunak. The initial period of this time, primarily under the premiership of David Cameron, was marked by the ongoing effects of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2007%E2%80%932008_financial_crisis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2007–2008 financial crisis">2007–2008 financial crisis</a> and the implementation of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_Kingdom_government_austerity_programme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="United Kingdom government austerity programme">austerity measures</a> in response. From 2015 the predominant political event was the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brexit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brexit">Brexit</a> referendum and the process to implement the decision to leave the trade bloc. The Conservatives' time in office was marked by several controversies. The presence of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Islamophobia_in_the_UK_Conservative_Party?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamophobia in the UK Conservative Party">Islamophobia in the Conservative Party</a>, including allegations against its policies, fringes, and structure, was often in the public eye. These include allegations against senior politicians such as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Boris_Johnson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Boris Johnson">Boris Johnson</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Michael_Gove?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Michael Gove">Michael Gove</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Theresa_May?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Theresa May">Theresa May</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zac_Goldsmith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zac Goldsmith">Zac Goldsmith</a>. During the period of the Cameron<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Cowburn_2017_x541-121">[121]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Cohen_2017_r220-122">[122]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Watts_2017_y333-123">[123]</a> and Johnson governments,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Halliday_2022_r197-124">[124]</a> a number of Conservative MPs have been accused or convicted of sexual misconduct, with cases including the consumption of pornography in parliament, rape, groping, and sexual harassment.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Savage_Helm_2017_o437-125">[125]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ITV_News_2022_f647-126">[126]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Samuelson_2022_z079-127">[127]</a> In 2017, a list of 36 sitting Conservative MPs accused of inappropriate sexual behaviour was leaked. The list is believed to have been compiled by party staff.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Simpson_2017_f842-128">[128]</a> Following accusations of multiple cases of rape against an unnamed Tory MP in 2023<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Blewitt_2023_c778-129">[129]</a> and allegations of a cover-up,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-BBC_News_2023_s403-130">[130]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Crerar_2023_t116-131">[131]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sayeeda_Warsi,_Baroness_Warsi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sayeeda Warsi, Baroness Warsi">Baroness Warsi</a>, who has served as the party's co-chairman under David Cameron, stated that the Conservative Party has had a problem handling complaints of sexual misconducts against members appropriately.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Wright_2023_i317-132">[132]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="2010–2016:_David_Cameron">2010–2016: David Cameron</h4> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main article: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Premiership_of_David_Cameron?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Premiership of David Cameron">Premiership of David Cameron</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Prime_Minister_David_Cameron_-_official_photograph_(8947770804).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Prime_Minister_David_Cameron_-_official_photograph_%288947770804%29.jpg/170px-Prime_Minister_David_Cameron_-_official_photograph_%288947770804%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2832" data-file-height="4256"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 255px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Prime_Minister_David_Cameron_-_official_photograph_%288947770804%29.jpg/170px-Prime_Minister_David_Cameron_-_official_photograph_%288947770804%29.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="255" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Prime_Minister_David_Cameron_-_official_photograph_%288947770804%29.jpg/255px-Prime_Minister_David_Cameron_-_official_photograph_%288947770804%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Prime_Minister_David_Cameron_-_official_photograph_%288947770804%29.jpg/340px-Prime_Minister_David_Cameron_-_official_photograph_%288947770804%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/David_Cameron?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="David Cameron">David Cameron</a> </figcaption> </figure> The 2010 election resulted in a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hung_parliament?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hung parliament">hung parliament</a> with the Conservatives having the most seats but short of an overall majority.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2010GEresults-133">[133]</a> Following the resignation of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gordon_Brown?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gordon Brown">Gordon Brown</a>, Cameron was named Prime Minister, and the Conservatives <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cameron%E2%80%93Clegg_coalition?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cameron–Clegg coalition">entered government in a coalition</a> with the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liberal Democrats (UK)">Liberal Democrats</a>—the first postwar <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Coalition_government?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Coalition government">coalition government</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-134">[134]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-135">[135]</a> Cameron's premiership was marked by the ongoing effects of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2007%E2%80%932008_financial_crisis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2007–2008 financial crisis">2007–2008 financial crisis</a>; these involved a large deficit in government finances that his government sought to reduce through controversial <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_Kingdom_government_austerity_programme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="United Kingdom government austerity programme">austerity measures</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-136">[136]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-137">[137]</a> In September 2014, the Unionist side, championed by Labour as well as by the Conservative Party and the Liberal Democrats, won in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2014_Scottish_independence_referendum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2014 Scottish independence referendum">Scottish Independence referendum</a> by 55% No to 45% Yes on the question "Should Scotland be an independent country".<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-138">[138]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-139">[139]</a> At the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2015_United_Kingdom_general_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2015 United Kingdom general election">2015 general election</a>, the Conservatives formed a majority government under Cameron.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-140">[140]</a> After speculation of a referendum on the UK's EU membership throughout his premiership, a vote was announced for June 2016 in which Cameron campaigned to remain in the EU.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-141">[141]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-142">[142]</a> On 24 June 2016, Cameron announced his intention to resign as Prime Minister, after he failed to convince the British public to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/EU_Referendum_UK?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="EU Referendum UK">stay in the European Union</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-143">[143]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="2016–2019:_Theresa_May">2016–2019: Theresa May</h4> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main article: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Premiership_of_Theresa_May?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Premiership of Theresa May">Premiership of Theresa May</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Theresa_May_(2016)_02.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Theresa_May_%282016%29_02.jpg/170px-Theresa_May_%282016%29_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="207" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3705" data-file-height="4504"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 207px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Theresa_May_%282016%29_02.jpg/170px-Theresa_May_%282016%29_02.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="207" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Theresa_May_%282016%29_02.jpg/255px-Theresa_May_%282016%29_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Theresa_May_%282016%29_02.jpg/340px-Theresa_May_%282016%29_02.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Theresa_May?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Theresa May">Theresa May</a> </figcaption> </figure> On 11 July 2016, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Theresa_May?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Theresa May">Theresa May</a> became the leader of the Conservative Party.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-144">[144]</a> May promised social reform and a more centrist political outlook for the Conservative Party and its government.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-145">[145]</a> May's early cabinet appointments were interpreted as an effort to reunite the party in the wake of the UK's <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2016_United_Kingdom_European_Union_membership_referendum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum">vote to leave the European Union</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-146">[146]</a> She began the process of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brexit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brexit">withdrawing the UK from the European Union</a> in March 2017.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-147">[147]</a> In April 2017, the Cabinet agreed to hold a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2017_United_Kingdom_general_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2017 United Kingdom general election">general election</a> on 8 June.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-148">[148]</a> In a shock result, the election resulted in a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hung_parliament?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hung parliament">hung parliament</a>, with the Conservative Party needing a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative%E2%80%93DUP_agreement?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Conservative–DUP agreement">confidence and supply</a> arrangement with the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Democratic_Unionist_Party?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Democratic Unionist Party">DUP</a> to support a minority government.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-149">[149]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-150">[150]</a> May's Premiership was dominated by Brexit as she carried out negotiations with the European Union, adhering to the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chequers_Plan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Chequers Plan">Chequers Plan</a>, which resulted in her draft <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brexit_withdrawal_agreement?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brexit withdrawal agreement">Brexit withdrawal agreement</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-151">[151]</a> May survived two votes of no confidence in December 2018 and January 2019, but after versions of her draft withdrawal agreement were <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parliamentary_votes_on_Brexit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parliamentary votes on Brexit">rejected by Parliament three times</a>, May announced her resignation on 24 May 2019.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-152">[152]</a> Subsequent to the EU referendum vote, and through the premierships of May, Boris Johnson, and their successors, the party shifted right on the political spectrum.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-accu-15">[15]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="2019–2022:_Boris_Johnson">2019–2022: Boris Johnson</h4> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main article: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Premiership_of_Boris_Johnson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Premiership of Boris Johnson">Premiership of Boris Johnson</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Boris_Johnson_official_portrait.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Boris_Johnson_official_portrait.jpg/170px-Boris_Johnson_official_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="213" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3000"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 213px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Boris_Johnson_official_portrait.jpg/170px-Boris_Johnson_official_portrait.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="213" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Boris_Johnson_official_portrait.jpg/255px-Boris_Johnson_official_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Boris_Johnson_official_portrait.jpg/340px-Boris_Johnson_official_portrait.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Boris_Johnson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Boris Johnson">Boris Johnson</a> </figcaption> </figure> In July 2019 <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Boris_Johnson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Boris Johnson">Boris Johnson</a> became Leader of the party.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-bbc230719-153">[153]</a> He became Prime Minister the next day. Johnson had made withdrawal from the EU by 31 October "with no ifs, buts or maybes" a key pledge during <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2019_Conservative_Party_leadership_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2019 Conservative Party leadership election">his campaign for party leadership</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-154">[154]</a> Johnson lost his working majority in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a> on 3 September 2019.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-bbc030919-155">[155]</a> Later that same day, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/September_2019_suspension_of_rebel_Conservative_MPs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="September 2019 suspension of rebel Conservative MPs">21 Conservative MPs had the Conservative whip withdrawn</a> after voting with the Opposition to grant the House of Commons control over its order paper.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-156">[156]</a> Johnson would later halt the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Withdrawal_Agreement_Bill?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Withdrawal Agreement Bill">Withdrawal Agreement Bill</a>, calling for a general election.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-157">[157]</a> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2019_United_Kingdom_general_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2019 United Kingdom general election">2019 general election</a> resulted in the Conservatives winning a majority, the Party's largest since <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1987_United_Kingdom_general_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1987 United Kingdom general election">1987</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-bbc131219-158">[158]</a> The party won several constituencies, particularly in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Red_Wall_(British_politics)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Red Wall (British politics)">formerly traditional Labour seats</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-The_Independent-47">[47]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Mueller-48">[48]</a> On 20 December 2019, MPs passed an agreement for withdrawing from the EU; the United Kingdom formally left on 31 January 2020.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-159">[159]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-160">[160]</a> Johnson presided over the UK's response to the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom">COVID-19 pandemic</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-The_Guardian-161">[161]</a> From late 2021 onwards, Johnson received huge public backlash for the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Partygate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Partygate">Partygate</a> scandal, in which staff and senior members of government were pictured holding gatherings during lockdown contrary to Government guidance.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-bbc.co.uk-162">[162]</a> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Metropolitan_Police?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Metropolitan Police">Metropolitan Police</a> eventually fined Johnson for breaking lockdown rules in April 2022.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-163">[163]</a> In July 2022, Johnson admitted to appointing <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chris_Pincher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chris Pincher">Chris Pincher</a> as deputy chief whip while being aware of allegations of sexual assault against him.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-164">[164]</a> This, along with Partygate and increasing criticisms on Johnson's handling of the cost-of-living crisis, provoked a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/July_2022_United_Kingdom_government_crisis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="July 2022 United Kingdom government crisis">government crisis</a> following a loss in confidence and nearly 60 resignations from government officials, eventually leading to Johnson announcing his resignation on 7 July.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-165">[165]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-166">[166]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="2022:_Liz_Truss">2022: Liz Truss</h4> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main article: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Premiership_of_Liz_Truss?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Premiership of Liz Truss">Premiership of Liz Truss</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Liz_Truss_official_portrait.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Liz_Truss_official_portrait.jpg/170px-Liz_Truss_official_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="238" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4114" data-file-height="5760"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 238px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Liz_Truss_official_portrait.jpg/170px-Liz_Truss_official_portrait.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="238" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Liz_Truss_official_portrait.jpg/255px-Liz_Truss_official_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Liz_Truss_official_portrait.jpg/340px-Liz_Truss_official_portrait.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liz_Truss?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liz Truss">Liz Truss</a> </figcaption> </figure> Boris Johnson's successor as leader was confirmed as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liz_Truss?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liz Truss">Liz Truss</a> on 5 September, following a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/July%E2%80%93September_2022_Conservative_Party_leadership_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="July–September 2022 Conservative Party leadership election">leadership election</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-167">[167]</a> In a strategy labelled <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trussonomics?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Trussonomics">Trussonomics</a> she introduced policies in response to the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2021%E2%80%932022_United_Kingdom_cost_of_living_crisis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="2021–2022 United Kingdom cost of living crisis">cost of living crisis</a>,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-168">[168]</a> including price caps on energy bills and government help to pay them.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-169">[169]</a> Truss's <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Truss%27s_mini-budget?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Truss's mini-budget">mini-budget</a> on 23 September faced severe criticism and markets reacted poorly;<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-170">[170]</a> the pound fell to a record low of 1.03 against the dollar, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gilt-edged_securities?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gilt-edged securities">UK government gilt</a> yields rose to 4.3 per cent, prompting the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bank_of_England?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bank of England">Bank of England</a> to trigger an emergency bond-buying programme.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-171">[171]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-172">[172]</a> After condemnation from the public, the Labour Party and her own party, Truss reversed some aspects of the mini-budget, including the abolition of the top rate of income tax.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-173">[173]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-174">[174]</a> Following <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/October_2022_United_Kingdom_government_crisis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="October 2022 United Kingdom government crisis">a government crisis</a> Truss announced her resignation as prime minister on 20 October<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-BBC_News-175">[175]</a> after 44 days in office, the shortest premiership in British history.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-BBC_News-175">[175]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-176">[176]</a> Truss also oversaw the worst polling the Conservatives had ever received, with Labour polling as high as 36 per cent above the Conservatives amidst the crisis.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-177">[177]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="2022–2024:_Rishi_Sunak">2022–2024: Rishi Sunak</h4> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main article: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Premiership_of_Rishi_Sunak?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Premiership of Rishi Sunak">Premiership of Rishi Sunak</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Prime_Minister_Rishi_Sunak_(cropped_2).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Portrait_of_Prime_Minister_Rishi_Sunak_%28cropped_2%29.jpg/170px-Portrait_of_Prime_Minister_Rishi_Sunak_%28cropped_2%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3744" data-file-height="5613"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 255px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Portrait_of_Prime_Minister_Rishi_Sunak_%28cropped_2%29.jpg/170px-Portrait_of_Prime_Minister_Rishi_Sunak_%28cropped_2%29.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="255" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Portrait_of_Prime_Minister_Rishi_Sunak_%28cropped_2%29.jpg/255px-Portrait_of_Prime_Minister_Rishi_Sunak_%28cropped_2%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Portrait_of_Prime_Minister_Rishi_Sunak_%28cropped_2%29.jpg/340px-Portrait_of_Prime_Minister_Rishi_Sunak_%28cropped_2%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rishi_Sunak?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rishi Sunak">Rishi Sunak</a> </figcaption> </figure> On 24 October 2022, Rishi Sunak was declared Leader, the first <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/British_Asian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="British Asian">British Asian</a> Leader of the Conservatives and the first British Asian Prime Minister. On 22 May Sunak announced a general election to be held on 4 July 2024.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-178">[178]</a> During the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2024_United_Kingdom_general_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2024 United Kingdom general election">2024 general election</a>, public opinion in favour of a change in government was reflected by poor polling from the Conservative Party, with <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reform_UK?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reform UK">Reform UK</a> making strong polling gains.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-179">[179]</a> The Conservative manifesto focused on the economy, taxes, welfare, expanding free childcare, education, healthcare, environment, energy, transport, and crime.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-180">[180]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-181">[181]</a> It pledged to lower taxes, increase education and NHS spending, deliver 92,000 more nurses and 28,000 more doctors, introduce a new model of National Service, and to treble Britain's offshore wind capacity and support solar energy.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-182">[182]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-183">[183]</a> The final result was the lowest seat total at a general election in the history of the Conservative party, with well below the previous record low of 156 seats won at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1906_United_Kingdom_general_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1906 United Kingdom general election">1906 general election</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-184">[184]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="2024:_Kemi_Badenoch">2024: Kemi Badenoch</h4> </div> On 2 November 2024 <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kemi_Badenoch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kemi Badenoch">Kemi Badenoch</a> was elected as the leader of the Conservatives after the party's significant election defeat, ending 14 years in power. She secured 57% of nearly 100,000 votes against <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Robert_Jenrick?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Robert Jenrick">Robert Jenrick</a>, succeeding Rishi Sunak. In her victory speech, Badenoch acknowledged past mistakes and called for honesty and renewal. With a background in business and software engineering, she promotes low taxes and free-market policies.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-185">[185]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <h2 id="Policies">Policies</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Economic_policy">Economic policy</h3> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style> The Conservative Party believes that a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Free_market?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Free market">free market</a> and individual achievement are the primary factors behind economic prosperity. A leading economic theory advocated by Conservatives is <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Supply-side_economics?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Supply-side economics">supply-side economics</a>, which holds that reduced income tax rates increase growth and enterprise (although a reduction in the budget deficit has sometimes taken priority over cutting taxes).<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-186">[186]</a> The party focuses on the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Social_market_economy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Social market economy">social market economy</a>, promoting a free market for competition with social balance to create fairness. This has included education reform, vocational skills reform, expanding <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Universal_child_care?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal child care">free childcare</a>, curbs on the banking sector, enterprise zones to revive regions in Britain, and grand and extensive infrastructure projects, such as high-speed rail.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-187">[187]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-188">[188]</a> One concrete economic policy of recent years has been opposition to the European single currency, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Euro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Euro">euro</a>. With the growing <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Euroscepticism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Euroscepticism">Euroscepticism</a> within his party, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Major?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Major">John Major</a> negotiated a British opt-out in the 1992 <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maastricht_Treaty?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maastricht Treaty">Maastricht Treaty</a>, which enabled the UK to stay within the European Union without adopting the single currency. All subsequent Conservative leaders have positioned the party firmly against the adoption of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Euro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Euro">euro</a>. The 50% top rate of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/UK_income_tax?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="UK income tax">income tax</a> was reduced to 45% by the Conservative–Liberal Democrat coalition.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-189">[189]</a> Alongside a reduction in tax and commitments to keep taxation low, the Conservative Party has significantly reduced government spending, through the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_Kingdom_government_austerity_programme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="United Kingdom government austerity programme">austerity programme</a> which commenced in 2010, subsequent to the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2007%E2%80%932008_financial_crisis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2007–2008 financial crisis">2007–2008 financial crisis</a>. In 2019 and during the election campaign that year, Boris Johnson signalled an end to austerity with increased public expenditure, in areas including healthcare, education, transport, welfare, and the police.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-190">[190]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-191">[191]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Social_policy">Social policy</h3> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Conservative_and_Proud_(4764127652).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Conservative_and_Proud_%284764127652%29.jpg/220px-Conservative_and_Proud_%284764127652%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1637" data-file-height="1229"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Conservative_and_Proud_%284764127652%29.jpg/220px-Conservative_and_Proud_%284764127652%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Conservative_and_Proud_%284764127652%29.jpg/330px-Conservative_and_Proud_%284764127652%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Conservative_and_Proud_%284764127652%29.jpg/440px-Conservative_and_Proud_%284764127652%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Conservative Party supporters at Pride London in 2010 </figcaption> </figure> Socially conservative policies such as tax incentives for married couples may have played a role in the party's electoral decline in the 1990s and early 2000s, and so the party has attempted to seek a new direction. As part of their coalition with the Liberal Democrats, the Conservative government did support the introduction of equal marriage rights for LGBT+ individuals in 2010, though 139 Conservative MPs, a majority, voted against <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marriage_(Same_Sex_Couples)_Act_2013?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marriage (Same Sex Couples) Act 2013">the 2013 same-sex marriage act</a>. Thus the extent to which this policy represented a more liberal Conservative party has been challenged.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-marequa-198">[198]</a> Since 1997 debate has occurred within the party between 'modernisers' such as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alan_Duncan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alan Duncan">Alan Duncan</a>,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-199">[199]</a> who believe that the Conservatives should modify their public stances on social issues, and 'traditionalists' such as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liam_Fox?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liam Fox">Liam Fox</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-200">[200]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-201">[201]</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Owen_Paterson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Owen Paterson">Owen Paterson</a>,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-202">[202]</a> who believe that the party should remain faithful to its traditional conservative platform. In the previous parliament, modernising forces were represented by MPs such as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Neil_O%27Brien?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Neil O'Brien">Neil O'Brien</a>, who has argued that the party needs to renew its policies and image, and is said to be inspired by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Emmanuel Macron">Macron's</a> centrist politics.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-203">[203]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ruth_Davidson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ruth Davidson">Ruth Davidson</a> is also seen as a reforming figure. Many of the original 'traditionalists' remain influential, though Duncan Smith's influence in terms of Commons contributions has waned.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-204">[204]</a> The party has strongly criticised what it describes as Labour's "state <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Multiculturalism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Multiculturalism">multiculturalism</a>".<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-205">[205]</a> Shadow Home Secretary Dominic Grieve said in 2008 that state multiculturalism policies had created a "terrible" legacy of "cultural despair" and dislocation, which has encouraged support for "extremists" on both sides of the debate.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:0-206">[206]</a> David Cameron responded to Grieve's comments by agreeing that policies of "state multiculturalism" that treat social groups as distinct, for example policies that "treat British Muslims as Muslims, rather than as British citizens", are wrong. However, he expressed support for the premise of multiculturalism on the whole.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:0-206">[206]</a> Official statistics showed that EU and non-EU <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mass_immigration?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Mass immigration">mass immigration</a>, together with <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Asylum_seeker?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Asylum seeker">asylum seeker</a> applications, all increased substantially during Cameron's term in office.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-reuters-207">[207]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-reuters2-208">[208]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-independent-209">[209]</a> However, this was not solely as a result of intentional government policy – during this period, there were significant refugee flows into the UK and an increased level of asylum applications due to conflict and persecution globally.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-210">[210]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-211">[211]</a> In 2019 former Conservative Home Secretary <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Priti_Patel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Priti Patel">Priti Patel</a> announced that the government would enact stricter immigration reforms, crack down on illegal immigration, and scrap freedom of movement with the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/European_Union?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="European Union">European Union</a> following the completion of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brexit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brexit">Brexit</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-212">[212]</a> In the four years following this announcement, net migration increased annually, in large part due to the number of health care workers, and their dependents, that were invited into the country because of recruitment problems caused by Brexit and the pandemic.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Taylor_2021_y110-213">[213]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Atkins_2024_r712-214">[214]</a> The number of asylum seekers dropped as a proportion of total net migrants, whereas the number of people coming to the UK to study increased during that time period.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Financial_Times_d753-215">[215]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Foreign_policy">Foreign policy</h3> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Reagan%27s_-_Thatcher%27s_c50515-16.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Reagan%27s_-_Thatcher%27s_c50515-16.jpg/220px-Reagan%27s_-_Thatcher%27s_c50515-16.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2668"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Reagan%27s_-_Thatcher%27s_c50515-16.jpg/220px-Reagan%27s_-_Thatcher%27s_c50515-16.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Reagan%27s_-_Thatcher%27s_c50515-16.jpg/330px-Reagan%27s_-_Thatcher%27s_c50515-16.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Reagan%27s_-_Thatcher%27s_c50515-16.jpg/440px-Reagan%27s_-_Thatcher%27s_c50515-16.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Margaret Thatcher (second left), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ronald_Reagan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> (far left) and their spouses in 1988. Thatcher and Reagan developed a close relationship against the Soviet Union. </figcaption> </figure> For much of the 20th century, the Conservative Party took a broadly <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Atlanticist?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlanticist">Atlanticist</a> stance in relations with the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="United States">United States</a>, Members of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/European_Union?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="European Union">EU</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/NATO?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="NATO">NATO</a>, favouring close ties with the United States and similarly aligned nations such as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Canada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Canada">Canada</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Australia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Australia">Australia</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/South_Africa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/South_Korea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="South Korea">Korea</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Taiwan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Singapore?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Singapore">Singapore</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Japan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Japan">Japan</a>. The Conservatives have generally favoured a diverse range of international alliances, ranging from the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/North_Atlantic_Treaty_Organization?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="North Atlantic Treaty Organization">North Atlantic Treaty Organization</a> (NATO) to the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a>. The Conservatives have proposed a Pan-African <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Free_Trade_Area?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Free Trade Area">Free Trade Area</a>, which it says could help <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Entrepreneurial?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Entrepreneurial">entrepreneurial</a> dynamism of African people.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-cameronbbc-216">[216]</a> The Conservatives pledged to increase aid spending to 0.7% of national income by 2013.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-cameronbbc-216">[216]</a> They met this pledge in 2014, when spending on aid reached 0.72% of GDP and the commitment was enshrined in UK law in 2015.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-217">[217]</a> Close <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_Kingdom-United_States_relations?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom-United States relations">Anglo-American Relationship</a> have been an element of Conservative foreign policy since the Second World War. Though the Anglo–American relationship in foreign affairs has often been termed a '<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special_Relationship?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special Relationship">Special Relationship</a>', a term coined by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Winston_Churchill?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a>, this has often been observed most clearly where leaders in each country are of a similar political stripe. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/David_Cameron?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="David Cameron">David Cameron</a> had sought to distance himself from former <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/President_of_United_States?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="President of United States">US President</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/George_W._Bush?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="George W. Bush">Bush</a> and his <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Neoconservative?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Neoconservative">neoconservative</a> foreign policy.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-218">[218]</a> Despite traditional links between the UK Conservatives and US <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republicans</a>, London Mayor <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Boris_Johnson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Boris Johnson">Boris Johnson</a>, a Conservative, endorsed <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Barack_Obama?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> in the 2008 election.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-219">[219]</a> However, after becoming Prime Minister, Johnson developed a close relationship with <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> President <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Donald_Trump?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-220">[220]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-221">[221]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-222">[222]</a> This has been described as a reestablishing of the Special Relationship with the United States following Britain's withdraw from the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/European_Union?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="European Union">European Union</a>, as well as returning to the links between the Conservatives and Republican Party.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-223">[223]</a> Beyond relations with the United States, the Commonwealth and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/European_Union?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="European Union">EU</a>, the Conservative Party has generally supported a pro free-trade foreign policy within the mainstream of international affairs. Although stances have changed with successive leadership, the modern Conservative Party generally supports cooperation and maintaining friendly relations with <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Israel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Israel">Israel</a>. Historic Conservative statesmen such as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arthur_Balfour?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arthur Balfour">Arthur Balfour</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Winston_Churchill?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> supported the idea of national home for the Jewish people. Under <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a> Conservative support for Israel was seen to crystallise.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-224">[224]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-225">[225]</a> Support for Israel has increased under the leaderships of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Theresa_May?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Theresa May">Theresa May</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Boris_Johnson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Boris Johnson">Boris Johnson</a>, with prominent Conservative figures within the May and Johnson ministries strongly endorsing Israel. In 2016, Theresa May publicly rebutted statements made by US Secretary of State <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Kerry?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a> over the composition of the Israeli government.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-226">[226]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-227">[227]</a> In 2018 the party pledged to proscribe all wings of the Lebanese-based militant group <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hezbollah?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hezbollah">Hezbollah</a> and this was adopted as a UK-wide policy in 2019.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-228">[228]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-229">[229]</a> In 2019, the Conservative government under Boris Johnson announced plans to stop the influence of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Boycott,_Divestment_and_Sanctions?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions">Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions</a> movement on local politics which included prohibiting local councils from boycotting Israeli products.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-230">[230]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-231">[231]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-232">[232]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Defence_policy">Defence policy</h3> </div> After the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/September_11_attacks?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="September 11 attacks">terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001</a>, the Conservative Party supported the coalition military action in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Afghanistan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>. The Conservative Party believed that success in Afghanistan would be defined in terms of the Afghans achieving the capability to maintain their own internal and external security. They have repeatedly criticised the former <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Government</a> for failing to equip British Forces adequately in the earlier days on the campaign—especially highlighting the shortage of helicopters for British Forces resulting from <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gordon_Brown?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gordon Brown">Gordon Brown</a>'s £1.4bn cut to the helicopter budget in 2004.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-233">[233]</a> The Conservative Party believes that in the 21st century defence and security are interlinked. It has pledged to break away from holding a traditional <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Strategic_Defence_Review?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Strategic Defence Review">Strategic Defence Review</a> and committed to carrying out a more comprehensive <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Strategic_Defence_and_Security_Review_2010?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Strategic Defence and Security Review 2010">Strategic Defence and Security Review</a> (SDSR).<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-234">[234]</a> As well as an SDSR, the Conservative Party pledged in 2010 to undertake a fundamental and far-reaching review of the procurement process and how defence equipment is provided in Britain, and to increase Britain's share of the global defence market as Government policy.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-235">[235]</a> The Conservative Party upholds the view that <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/NATO?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="NATO">NATO</a> remains and should remain the most important security alliance for the United Kingdom.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-236">[236]</a> It has advocated for the creation of a fairer funding mechanism for NATO's expeditionary operations and called for all NATO countries to meet their required defence spending 2% of GDP. Some Conservatives believe that there is scope for expanding NATO's Article V to include new threats such as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cybersecurity?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Cybersecurity">cybersecurity</a>. The Conservative Party aims to build enhanced bilateral defence relations with key European partners and believes that it is in Britain's national interest to cooperate fully with all its European neighbours. It has pledged to ensure that any EU military capability must supplement and not supplant British national defence and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/NATO?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="NATO">NATO</a>, and that it is not in the British interest to hand over security to any supranational body.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-autogenerated1-237">[237]</a> The Conservatives see it as a priority to encourage all members of the European Union to do more in terms of a commitment to European security at home and abroad. Regarding the defence role of the European Union, the Conservatives pledged to re-examine some of Britain's EU Defence commitments to determine their practicality and utility; specifically, to reassess UK participation provisions like Permanent Structured Cooperation, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/European_Defence_Agency?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="European Defence Agency">European Defence Agency</a> and EU Battlegroups to determine if there is any value in Britain's participation. The Conservatives support the UK's possession of nuclear weapons through the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trident_(UK_nuclear_programme)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Trident (UK nuclear programme)">Trident nuclear programme</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-autogenerated1-237">[237]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Health_and_drug_policy">Health and drug policy</h3> </div> In 1945 the Conservatives declared support for universal healthcare.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-238">[238]</a> They introduced the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Health_and_Social_Care_Act_2012?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Health and Social Care Act 2012">Health and Social Care Act 2012</a>, constituting the biggest reformation that the NHS has ever undertaken.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-239">[239]</a> The Conservative Party supports <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Drug_prohibition?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Drug prohibition">drug prohibition</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-240">[240]</a> However, views on drugs vary amongst some MPs in the party. Some Conservative politicians take the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Libertarian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Libertarian">libertarian</a> approach that individual freedom and economic freedom of industry and trade should be respected over prohibition. Other Conservative politicians, despite being <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Economically_liberal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Economically liberal">economically liberal</a>, are in favour of full drug prohibition. Legalisation of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Medical_cannabis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Medical cannabis">cannabis for medical uses</a> is favoured by some Conservative politicians.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-241">[241]</a> The party has rejected both decriminalising drugs for personal use and the creation of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Supervised_injection_site?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Supervised injection site">safe consumption sites</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-242">[242]</a> In 2024 the Conservatives banned smoking for future generations, with an aim to make England smoke-free by 2030.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-243">[243]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Education_and_research">Education and research</h3> </div> In education, the Conservatives pledged to review the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/National_Curriculum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="National Curriculum">National Curriculum</a>, introduce the English Baccalaureate, and reform <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/GCSE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="GCSE">GCSE</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/A-level?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="A-level">A-level</a>, other national qualifications, apprenticeships and training.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-244">[244]</a> The restoration of discipline was also highlighted, as they want it to be easier for pupils to be searched for contraband items, the granting of anonymity to teachers accused by pupils, and the banning of expelled pupils being returned to schools via appeal panels. In higher education, the Conservatives have increased tuition fees to £9,250 per year, however have ensured that this will not be paid by anyone until they are earning over £25,000. The Scottish Conservatives also support the re-introduction of tuition fees in Scotland. In 2016 the Conservative government extended student loan access in England to postgraduate students to help improve access to education.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-245">[245]</a> Within the EU, the UK was one of the largest recipients of research funding in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/European_Union?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="European Union">European Union</a>, receiving £7 billion between 2007 and 2015, which is invested in universities and research-intensive businesses.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-246">[246]</a> Following the vote to leave the EU, Prime Minister <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Theresa_May?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Theresa May">Theresa May</a> guaranteed that the Conservative government would protect funding for existing research and development projects in the UK.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-247">[247]</a> In 2017, the Conservatives introduced the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/T_Level?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="T Level">T Level</a> qualification aimed at improving the teaching and administration of technical education.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-248">[248]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Family_policy">Family policy</h3> </div> As prime minister, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/David_Cameron?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="David Cameron">David Cameron</a> wanted to 'support family life in Britain' and put families at the centre of domestic social policymaking.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:1-249">[249]</a> He stated in 2014 that there was 'no better place to start' in the Conservative mission of 'building society from the bottom up' than the family, which was responsible for individual welfare and well-being long before the welfare state came into play.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:1-249">[249]</a> He also argued that 'family and politics are inextricably linked'.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:1-249">[249]</a> Both Cameron and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Theresa_May?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Theresa May">Theresa May</a> aimed at helping families achieve a work-home balance and have previously proposed to offer all parents 12 months parental leave, to be shared by parents as they choose.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-250">[250]</a> This policy is now in place, offering 50 weeks total parental leave, of which 37 weeks are paid leave, which can be shared between both parents.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-251">[251]</a> Other policies have included doubling the free hours of childcare for working parents of three and four-year-olds from 15 hours to 30 hours a week during term-time, although parents can reduce the number of hours per week to 22 and spread across 52 weeks of the year. The government also introduced a policy to fund 15 hours a week of free education and childcare for 2-year-olds in England if parents are receiving certain state benefits or the child has a SEN statement or diagnosis, worth £2,500 a year per child.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-252">[252]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-253">[253]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Jobs_and_welfare_policy">Jobs and welfare policy</h3> </div> One of the Conservatives' key policy goals in 2010 was to reduce the number of people unemployed, and increase the number of people in the workforce, by strengthening apprenticeships, skills and job training.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-254">[254]</a> Between 2010 and 2014, all claimants of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Incapacity_Benefit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Incapacity Benefit">Incapacity Benefit</a> were moved onto a new benefit scheme, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Employment_and_Support_Allowance?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Employment and Support Allowance">Employment and Support Allowance</a>, which was then subsumed into the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Universal_Credit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Universal Credit">Universal Credit</a> system alongside other welfare benefits in 2018.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-255">[255]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-256">[256]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-257">[257]</a> The Universal Credit system came under immense scrutiny following its introduction. Shortly after her appointment to the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Department_for_Work_and_Pensions?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Department for Work and Pensions">Department for Work and Pensions</a>, the then Secretary of State <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amber_Rudd?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Amber Rudd">Amber Rudd</a> acknowledged there were real problems with the Universal Credit system, especially the wait times for initial payments and the housing payments aspect of the combined benefits.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-RiNov18-258">[258]</a> Rudd pledged specifically to review and address the uneven impact of Universal Credit implementation on economically disadvantaged women, which had been the subject of numerous reports by the Radio 4 <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/You_and_Yours?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="You and Yours">You and Yours</a> programme and others.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-RiNov18-258">[258]</a> Until 1999, Conservatives opposed the creation of a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/National_minimum_wage?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="National minimum wage">national minimum wage</a>, as they believed it would cost jobs, and businesses would be reluctant to start business in the UK from fear of high labour costs.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-259">[259]</a> However the party have since pledged support and in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/July_2015_United_Kingdom_budget?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="July 2015 United Kingdom budget">July 2015 budget</a>, Chancellor George Osborne announced a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/National_Living_Wage?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="National Living Wage">National Living Wage</a> of £9/hour.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-measures-260">[260]</a> The National Minimum Wage in 2024 was £11.44 for those over 21.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-261">[261]</a> The party support, and have implemented, the restoration of the link between pensions and earnings, and seek to raise retirement age from 65 to 67 by 2028.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-262">[262]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Energy_and_climate_change_policy">Energy and climate change policy</h3> </div> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/David_Cameron?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="David Cameron">David Cameron</a> brought several '<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Green_conservatism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Green conservatism">green</a>' issues to the forefront of his 2010 campaign. These included proposals designed to impose a tax on workplace car parking spaces, a halt to airport growth, a tax on cars with exceptionally poor petrol mileage, and restrictions on car advertising. Many of these policies were implemented in the Coalition—including the '<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Green_Deal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Green Deal">Green Deal</a>'.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-263">[263]</a> A law was passed in 2019, that <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Greenhouse gas emissions">UK greenhouse gas emissions</a> will be <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Net_zero?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Net zero">net zero</a> by 2050.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:3-264">[264]</a> The UK was the first major economy to embrace a legal obligation to achieve net zero carbon emissions.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-265">[265]</a> In 2019, the Conservatives became the first national government in the world to officially declare a climate emergency (second in the UK after the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Scottish_National_Party?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Scottish National Party">SNP</a>).<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:3-264">[264]</a> In November 2020 the Conservatives announced a 10-point plan for a 'green industrial revolution', with <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sustainable_business?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sustainable business">green enterprises</a>, an end to the sale of petrol and diesel cars, quadruple the amount of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wind_power_in_the_United_Kingdom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wind power in the United Kingdom">offshore wind power</a> capacity within a decade, fund a variety of emissions-cutting proposals, and spurn a proposed <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Green_recovery?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Green recovery">green post-COVID-19 recovery</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-266">[266]</a> In 2021, the Conservatives announced plans to cut <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_the_United_Kingdom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by the United Kingdom">carbon emissions</a> by 78% by 2035.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-267">[267]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Justice,_crime_and_security_policy">Justice, crime and security policy</h3> </div> In 2010 the Conservatives campaigned to cut the perceived bureaucracy of the modern police force and pledged greater legal protection to people convicted of defending themselves against intruders. The party has also campaigned for the creation of a UK Bill of Rights to replace the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Human_Rights_Act_1998?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Human Rights Act 1998">Human Rights Act 1998</a>, but this was vetoed by their coalition partners the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liberal Democrats (UK)">Liberal Democrats</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-268">[268]</a> The Conservatives' 2017 manifesto pledged to create a national infrastructure police force, subsuming the existing <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/British_Transport_Police?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="British Transport Police">British Transport Police</a>; <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Civil_Nuclear_Constabulary?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Civil Nuclear Constabulary">Civil Nuclear Constabulary</a>; and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_Police?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ministry of Defence Police">Ministry of Defence Police</a> "to improve the protection of critical infrastructure such as nuclear sites, railways and the strategic road network".<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-269">[269]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Transport_and_infrastructure_policy">Transport and infrastructure policy</h3> </div> The Conservatives have invested in public transport and infrastructure, aimed to promoting economic growth.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-270">[270]</a> This has included rail (including <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/High-speed_rail?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="High-speed rail">high-speed rail</a>), electric vehicles, bus networks, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sustainable_transport?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sustainable transport">active transport</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-271">[271]</a> In 2020 new funding for active travel infrastructure was announced by the Conservatives.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-272">[272]</a> The party's stated aim was for England to be a "great walking and cycling nation" and for half of all journeys in towns and cities being walked or cycled by 2030. The plan was accompanied by £2 billion in additional funding over the following five years for cycling and walking. The plan also introduced new inspectorate, known as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Active_Travel_England?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Active Travel England">Active Travel England</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-273">[273]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-274">[274]</a> In 2021 the Conservatives announced a white paper that would transform the operation of the railways. The rail network will be partly renationalised, with infrastructure and operations brought together under the state-owned public body <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Great_British_Railways?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Great British Railways">Great British Railways</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-BBC_News2-275">[275]</a> On 18 November 2021, the government announced the biggest ever public investment in Britain's rail network costing £96 billion and promising quicker and more frequent rail connections in the North and Midlands: the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Integrated_Rail_Plan_for_the_North_and_Midlands?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Rail Plan for the North and Midlands">Integrated Rail Plan</a> includes substantially improved connections North-South as well as East-West and includes three new high speed lines.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Gov-276">[276]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-277">[277]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="European_Union_policy">European Union policy</h3> </div> No subject has proved more divisive in the Conservative Party in recent history than the role of the United Kingdom within the European Union. Though the principal architect of the UK's entry into the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/European_Communities?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="European Communities">European Communities</a> (which became the European Union) was Conservative Prime Minister <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edward_Heath?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edward Heath">Edward Heath</a>, most contemporary Conservative opinion is opposed to closer economic and particularly political union with the EU. This is a noticeable shift in British politics, as in the 1960s and 1970s the Conservatives were more pro-Europe than the Labour Party: for example, in the 1971 House of Commons vote on whether the UK should join the European Economic Community, only 39 of the then 330 Conservative MPs were opposed.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-georgiou-278">[278]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-279">[279]</a> The Conservative Party has members with varying opinions of the EU, with <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pro-European?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pro-European">pro-European</a> Conservatives joining the affiliate <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Group_for_Europe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservative Group for Europe">Conservative Group for Europe</a>, while some Eurosceptics left the party to join the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_Kingdom_Independence_Party?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom Independence Party">United Kingdom Independence Party</a>. Whilst the vast majority of Conservatives in recent decades have been Eurosceptics, views among this group regarding the UK's relationship with the EU have been polarised between moderate, soft Eurosceptics who support continued British membership but oppose further harmonisation of regulations affecting business and accept participation in a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Multi-speed_Europe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Multi-speed Europe">multi-speed Europe</a>, and a more radical, economically libertarian faction who oppose policy initiatives from Brussels, support the rolling back of integration measures from the Maastricht Treaty onwards, and have become increasingly supportive of a complete withdrawal.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-georgiou-278">[278]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Constitutional_policy">Constitutional policy</h3> </div> Traditionally the Conservative Party has supported the uncodified <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_Kingdom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Constitution of the United Kingdom">constitution of the United Kingdom</a> and its traditional <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Westminster_system?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Westminster system">Westminster system</a> of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Politics_of_the_United_Kingdom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Politics of the United Kingdom">politics</a>. The party opposed many of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tony_Blair?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tony Blair">Tony Blair</a>'s reforms, such as the removal of the hereditary peers,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-280">[280]</a> the incorporation of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/European_Convention_on_Human_Rights?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="European Convention on Human Rights">European Convention on Human Rights</a> into British law, and the 2009 creation of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_Kingdom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Supreme Court of the United Kingdom">Supreme Court of the United Kingdom</a>, a function formerly <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lords_of_Appeal_in_Ordinary?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lords of Appeal in Ordinary">carried out by the House of Lords</a>. There was also a split on whether to introduce a British Bill of Rights that would replace the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Human_Rights_Act_1998?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Human Rights Act 1998">Human Rights Act 1998</a>; David Cameron expressed support, but party <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grandee?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grandee">grandee</a> Ken Clarke described it as "xenophobic and legal nonsense".<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-281">[281]</a> In 2019, the Conservatives' manifesto committed to a broad constitutional review in a line which read "after Brexit we also need to look at the broader aspects of our constitution: the relationship between the government, parliament and the courts".<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-282">[282]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <h2 id="Organisation">Organisation</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Party_structure">Party structure</h3> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Conservative_Party_conference_2011.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Conservative_Party_conference_2011.jpg/220px-Conservative_Party_conference_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Conservative_Party_conference_2011.jpg/220px-Conservative_Party_conference_2011.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Conservative_Party_conference_2011.jpg/330px-Conservative_Party_conference_2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Conservative_Party_conference_2011.jpg/440px-Conservative_Party_conference_2011.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/National_Conservative_Convention?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="National Conservative Convention">National Conservative Convention</a> is held during the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_Conference?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Conservative Party Conference">Conservative Party Conference</a>. </figcaption> </figure> The Conservative Party comprises the voluntary party, parliamentary party (sometimes called the political party) and the professional party. Members of the public join the party by becoming part of a local constituency <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Association?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Conservative Association">Conservative Association</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Central-Office-v-Burrell-283">[283]</a> The country is also divided into regions, with each region containing a number of areas, both having a similar structure to constituency associations. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/National_Conservative_Convention?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="National Conservative Convention">National Conservative Convention</a> sets the voluntary party's direction. It is composed of all association chairs, officers from areas and regions, and 42 representatives and the Conservative Women's Organisation.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-organisation-284">[284]</a> The Convention meets twice a year. Its Annual General Meeting is usually held at Spring Forum, with another meeting usually held at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_Conference?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Conservative Party Conference">Conservative Party Conference</a>. In the organisation of the Conservative Party, constituency associations dominate selection of local candidates, and some associations have organised <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Open_primary?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Open primary">open</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)_parliamentary_primaries?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Conservative Party (UK) parliamentary primaries">parliamentary primaries</a>. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1922_Committee?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1922 Committee">1922 Committee</a> consists of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Backbench?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Backbench">backbench</a> MPs, meeting weekly while parliament is sitting. Frontbench MPs have an open invitation to attend. The 1922 Committee plays a crucial role in the selection of party leaders. All Conservative MPs are members of the 1922 Committee by default. There are 20 executive members of the committee, agreed by consensus among backbench MPs. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Campaign_Headquarters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Conservative Campaign Headquarters">Conservative Campaign Headquarters</a> (CCHQ) is effectively head of the Professional Party and leads <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Political_funding_in_the_United_Kingdom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Political funding in the United Kingdom">financing</a>, organisation of elections and drafting of policy. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_Board?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Conservative Party Board">Conservative Party Board</a> is the party's ultimate <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Decision-making?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Decision-making">decision-making</a> body, responsible for all operational matters (including fundraising, membership and candidates) and is made up of representatives from each (voluntary, political and professional) section of the Party.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-organisation-284">[284]</a> The Party Board meets about once a month and works closely with CCHQ, elected representatives and the voluntary membership mainly through a number of management sub-committees (such as membership, candidates and conferences). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Membership">Membership</h3> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:UK_popular_vote.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/UK_popular_vote.svg/350px-UK_popular_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="174" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="497"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 350px;height: 174px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/UK_popular_vote.svg/350px-UK_popular_vote.svg.png" data-width="350" data-height="174" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/UK_popular_vote.svg/525px-UK_popular_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/UK_popular_vote.svg/700px-UK_popular_vote.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Share of the vote received by Conservatives (blue), Whigs/Liberals/Liberal Democrats (orange), Labour (red) and others (grey) in general elections since 1832<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-285">[285]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-286">[286]</a> </figcaption> </figure> Membership peaked in the mid-1950s at approximately 3 million, before declining steadily through the second half of the 20th century.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-hoclibrary-287">[287]</a> Despite an initial boost shortly after <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2005_Conservative_Party_leadership_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2005 Conservative Party leadership election">David Cameron's election as leader</a> in December 2005, membership resumed its decline in 2006 to a lower level than when he was elected. In 2010 the Conservative Party had about 177,000 members according to activist <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tim_Montgomerie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tim Montgomerie">Tim Montgomerie</a>,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-288">[288]</a> and in 2013 membership was estimated by the party itself at 134,000.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-289">[289]</a> The Conservative Party had a membership of 124,000 in March 2018.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-290">[290]</a> In May 2019 its membership was thought to be around 160,000, with over half of its members being over 55.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-291">[291]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-292">[292]</a> Its membership rose to 200,000 in March 2021.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-293">[293]</a> In July 2022 it had 172,437 members.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-July_2022_membership-294">[294]</a> The membership fee for the Conservative Party is £25, or £5 if the member is under the age of 23. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Prospective_parliamentary_candidates">Prospective parliamentary candidates</h3> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Further information: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prospective_parliamentary_candidate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prospective parliamentary candidate">Prospective parliamentary candidate</a> </div> Associations select their constituency's candidates.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Central-Office-v-Burrell-283">[283]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-dummies-295">[295]</a> Some associations <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)_parliamentary_primaries?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Conservative Party (UK) parliamentary primaries">have organised open parliamentary primaries</a>. A constituency Association must choose a candidate using the rules approved by, and (in England, Wales and Northern Ireland) from a list established by, the Committee on Candidates of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Board_of_the_Conservative_Party?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Board of the Conservative Party">Board of the Conservative Party</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-296">[296]</a> Prospective candidates apply to the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Central_Office?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservative Central Office">Conservative Central Office</a> to be included on the approved list of candidates, some candidates will be given the option of applying for any seat they choose, while others may be restricted to certain constituencies.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-personal-representation-297">[297]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-costly-298">[298]</a> A Conservative MP can only be deselected at a special general meeting of the local Conservative association, which can only be organised if backed by a petition of more than fifty members.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-personal-representation-297">[297]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Young_Conservatives">Young Conservatives</h3> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main article: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Young_Conservatives_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Young Conservatives (UK)">Young Conservatives (UK)</a> </div> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Young_Conservatives_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Young Conservatives (UK)">Young Conservatives</a> is the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Youth_wing?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Youth wing">youth wing</a> of the Conservative Party for members aged 25 and under. The organisation aims to increase youth ownership and engagement in local associations.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-299">[299]</a> From 1998 to 2015, the youth wing was called <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Future?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Conservative Future">Conservative Future</a>, and had branches at universities and at parliamentary constituency level. It was shut down in 2015 after allegations that bullying by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mark_Clarke_(politician)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mark Clarke (politician)">Mark Clarke</a> had caused the suicide of Elliot Johnson, a 21-year-old party activist.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-300">[300]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-301">[301]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-302">[302]</a> The current incarnation was launched in March 2018. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Conferences">Conferences</h3> </div> The major annual party events are the Spring Forum and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_Conference?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Conservative Party Conference">Conservative Party Conference</a>, which takes place in Autumn in alternately Manchester or Birmingham. This is when the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/National_Conservative_Convention?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="National Conservative Convention">National Conservative Convention</a> holds meetings. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Funding">Funding</h3> </div> In the first decade of the 21st century, half the party's funding came from a cluster of fifty "donor groups", and a third of it from only fifteen.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-303">[303]</a> In the year after the 2010 general election, half the Conservatives' funding came from the financial sector.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-304">[304]</a> For 2013, the Conservative Party had an income of £25.4 million, of which £749,000 came from membership subscriptions.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-305">[305]</a> In 2015, according to accounts filed with the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Electoral_Commission_(United_Kingdom)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Electoral Commission (United Kingdom)">Electoral Commission</a>, the party had an income of about £41.8 million and expenditures of about £41 million.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-306">[306]</a> Construction businesses, including the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wates_Group?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wates Group">Wates Group</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/JCB_(heavy_equipment_manufacturer)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="JCB (heavy equipment manufacturer)">JCB</a>, have also been significant donors to the party, contributing £430,000 and £8.1m respectively between 2007 and 2017.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-TCI-25Aug2017-307">[307]</a> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Advisory_Board_(Conservative_Party)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Advisory Board (Conservative Party)">Advisory Board</a> of the party represents donors who have given significant sums to the party, typically in excess of £250,000.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-TimesFeb22-308">[308]</a> In December 2022 <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Guardian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> reported 10% of Conservative peers were large party donors and gave nearly £50m in total. 27 out of the party's 274 peers had given over £100,000 to the Conservatives. At least 6 large donor peers got government jobs in the 10 years to 2022.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-guardian29/12/2022-309">[309]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Financial_ties_to_Russian_oligarchs">Financial ties to Russian oligarchs</h4> </div> The Conservative Party has received funding from <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Russian_oligarchs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Russian oligarchs">Russian oligarchs</a>, beginning in the early 2000s, for which it has been criticised.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-NYTBradley-310">[310]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-311">[311]</a> Scrutiny became more prominent after <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Russian_interference_in_the_2016_Brexit_referendum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Russian interference in the 2016 Brexit referendum">alleged interference</a> in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2016_Brexit_referendum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 Brexit referendum">2016 Brexit referendum</a> by the Kremlin to support the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vote_Leave?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vote Leave">Vote Leave campaign</a>, and increased after the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Intelligence_and_Security_Committee_Russia_report?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Intelligence and Security Committee Russia report">Intelligence and Security Committee Russia</a> report into <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Russian_interference_in_British_politics?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Russian interference in British politics">Russian interference in British politics</a> was published in July 2020. Concerns over Conservative Party funds have become increasingly controversial due to Vladimir Putin's human rights abuses and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-PoliticoWebber-312">[312]</a> One of the first was Lubov Chernukhin, wife of former deputy finance minister and investment company <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/VEB.RF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="VEB.RF">VEB.RF</a> founder <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vladimir_Chernukhin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vladimir Chernukhin">Vladmir Chernukhin</a>, who had donated north of £2.2 million as of the start of the Russian invasion of Ukraine.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-313">[313]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FinCEN_Files_reporting_team_2020_i036-314">[314]</a> Donations to British political parties is only legal for citizens; the individuals who donated to the party had dual UK-Russian citizenship, and the donations were legal and properly declared.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Greenwood_Midolo_O'Neill_Fisher_2020_m974-315">[315]</a> However, an investigation conducted by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_New_York_Times?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> shortly after the invasion of Ukraine determined that a £399,810 donation made by British-Israeli businessman <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ehud_Sheleg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ehud Sheleg">Ehud Sheleg</a> in 2018 was in fact given directly to him by his father-in-law, Russian oligarch <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sergei_Kopylov?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sergei Kopylov">Sergei Kopytov</a>. Kopytov, a former minister in Russian-occupied Crimea, has strong ties to Vladimir Putin's government.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-NYTBradley-310">[310]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Barclays_Bank?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Barclays Bank">Barclays Bank</a> reported that in January 2021, they "[traced] a clear line back from this donation to its ultimate source", and reported it accordingly to the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/National_Crime_Agency?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="National Crime Agency">National Crime Agency</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-NYTBradley-310">[310]</a> An investigation by the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Good_Law_Project?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Good Law Project">Good Law Project</a> found that in spite of Johnson's claims that donations from those with links to the Russian government was to stop,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-PoliticoWebber-312">[312]</a> since the start of the war, the Conservatives have accepted at least £243,000 from Russia and Kremlin-associated donors.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-316">[316]</a> In February 2022, the Labour Party used Electoral Commission information to calculate that donors who had made money from Russia or Russians had given £1.93m to either the Conservative party or constituency associations since <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Premiership_of_Boris_Johnson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Premiership of Boris Johnson">Boris Johnson's premiership</a> began.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-317">[317]</a> Then-party leader Liz Truss said that the donations would not be returned, stating that they had been "properly declared".<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Gutteridge_2022_c850-318">[318]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="International_organisations">International organisations</h3> </div> The Conservative Party is a member of a number of international organisations, most notably the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Democracy_Union?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Democracy Union">International Democracy Union</a> which unites right-wing parties including the United States <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Australia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liberal Party of Australia">Liberal Party of Australia</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative Party of Canada</a> and the South Korean <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/People_Power_Party_(South_Korea)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="People Power Party (South Korea)">People Power Party</a>. At a European level, the Conservatives are members of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/European_Conservatives_and_Reformists_Party?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="European Conservatives and Reformists Party">European Conservatives and Reformists Party</a> (ECR Party), which unites conservative parties in opposition to a federal <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/European_Union?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="European Union">European Union</a>, through which the Conservatives have ties to the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ulster_Unionist_Party?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ulster Unionist Party">Ulster Unionist Party</a> and the governing parties of Israel and Turkey, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Likud?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Likud">Likud</a> and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Justice and Development Party (Turkey)">Justice and Development Party</a> respectively. In the European Parliament, the Conservative Party's MEPs sat in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/European_Conservatives_and_Reformists_Group?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="European Conservatives and Reformists Group">European Conservatives and Reformists</a> Group (ECR Group), which is affiliated to the ACRE. Party leader David Cameron pushed the foundation of the ECR, which was launched in 2009, along with the Czech <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Civic_Democratic_Party_(Czech_Republic)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Civic Democratic Party (Czech Republic)">Civic Democratic Party</a> and the Polish <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Law_and_Justice?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Law and Justice">Law and Justice</a>, before which the Conservative Party's MEPs sat in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/European_Democrats?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="European Democrats">European Democrats</a>, which had become a subgroup of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/European_People%27s_Party_(European_Parliament_group)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="European People's Party (European Parliament group)">European People's Party</a> in the 1990s. Since the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2014_European_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 European election">2014 European election</a>, the ECR Group has been the third-largest group, with the largest members being the Conservatives (nineteen MEPs), Law and Justice (eighteen MEPs), the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liberal_Conservative_Reformers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal Conservative Reformers">Liberal Conservative Reformers</a> (five MEPs), and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Danish_People%27s_Party?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Danish People's Party">Danish People's Party</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/New_Flemish_Alliance?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="New Flemish Alliance">New Flemish Alliance</a> (four MEPs each). In June 2009 the Conservatives required a further four partners apart from the Polish and Czech supports to qualify for official <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Political_groups_of_the_European_Parliament?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Political groups of the European Parliament">fraction</a> status in the parliament; the rules state that a European parliamentary caucus requires at least 25 <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/MEPs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="MEPs">MEPs</a> from at least seven of the 27 <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/EU_member_states?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="EU member states">EU member states</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-guardian_03062009-319">[319]</a> In forming the caucus, the party broke with two decades of co-operation by the UK's Conservative Party with the mainstream European Christian Democrats and conservatives in the European parliament, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/European_People%27s_Party?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="European People's Party">European People's Party</a> (EPP). It did so on the grounds that it is dominated by European <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Federalism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Federalism">federalists</a> and supporters of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lisbon_treaty?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Lisbon treaty">Lisbon treaty</a>, which the Conservatives were generally highly critical of.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-guardian_03062009-319">[319]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Logo">Logo</h3> </div> When Sir Christopher Lawson was appointed as a marketing director at Conservative Central Office in 1981, he developed a logo design based on the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Olympic_flame?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Olympic flame">Olympic flame</a> in the colours of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Union_Jack?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Union Jack">Union Jack</a>,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bruce1992-320">[320]</a> which was intended to represent leadership, striving to win, dedication, and a sense of community.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-321">[321]</a> The emblem was adopted for the 1983 general election.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bruce1992-320">[320]</a> In 1989, the party's director of communications, Brendan Bruce, found through <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Market_research?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Market research">market research</a> that recognition of the symbol was low and that people found it old fashioned and uninspiring. Using a design company headed by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Michael_Peters_(designer)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Michael Peters (designer)">Michael Peters</a>, an image of a hand carrying a torch was developed, which referenced the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Statue_of_Liberty?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Statue of Liberty">Statue of Liberty</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-322">[322]</a> In 2006, there was a rebranding exercise to emphasise the Conservatives' commitment to environmentalism; a project costing £40,000 resulted in a sketched silhouette of an <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Quercus_robur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Quercus robur">oak tree</a>, a national symbol, which was said to represent "strength, endurance, renewal and growth".<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-323">[323]</a> A change from green to the traditional Conservative blue colour appeared in 2007,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-324">[324]</a> followed by a version with the Union Jack superimposed in 2010.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-325">[325]</a> An alternative version featuring the colours of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rainbow_flag_(LGBT)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Rainbow flag (LGBT)">Rainbow flag</a> was unveiled for an <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LGBT?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT">LGBT</a> event at the 2009 conference in Manchester.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-326">[326]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <h2 id="Party_factions">Party factions</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> The Conservative Party has a variety of internal factions or ideologies, including <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/One-nation_conservatism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="One-nation conservatism">one-nation conservatism</a>,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-new_identity-327">[327]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-328">[328]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christian_democracy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christian democracy">Christian democracy</a>,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-329">[329]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cornerstone_Group?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cornerstone Group">social conservatism</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Thatcherism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Thatcherism">Thatcherism</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Traditional_conservatism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional conservatism">traditional conservatism</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/British_neoconservatism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="British neoconservatism">neoconservatism</a>,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-330">[330]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-331">[331]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Euroscepticism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Euroscepticism">Euroscepticism</a>,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-whitaker-332">[332]</a> and, since 2016, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Right-wing_populism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Right-wing populism">right-wing populism</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Ba23-23">[23]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Windsor_2022_p732-333">[333]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="One-nation_Conservatives">One-nation Conservatives</h3> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/One-nation_conservatism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="One-nation conservatism">One-nation conservatism</a> was the party's dominant ideology in the 20th century until the rise of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Thatcherism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Thatcherism">Thatcherism</a> in the 1970s. It has included in its ranks Conservative Prime Ministers such as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stanley_Baldwin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stanley Baldwin">Stanley Baldwin</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Harold_Macmillan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Harold Macmillan">Harold Macmillan</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edward_Heath?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edward Heath">Edward Heath</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-334">[334]</a> One-nation Conservatives in the contemporary party include former <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/First_Secretary_of_State?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="First Secretary of State">First Secretary of State</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Damian_Green?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Damian Green">Damian Green</a>, the current chair of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/One_Nation_Conservatives_(caucus)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="One Nation Conservatives (caucus)">One Nation Conservatives</a> caucus. The name itself comes from a famous phrase of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Disraeli?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Disraeli">Disraeli</a>. Ideologically, one-nation conservatism identifies itself with a broad <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paternalistic_conservative?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Paternalistic conservative">paternalistic conservative</a> stance. One-nation Conservatives are often associated with the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tory_Reform_Group?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tory Reform Group">Tory Reform Group</a> and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bow_Group?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bow Group">Bow Group</a>. Adherents believe in social cohesion and support social institutions that maintain harmony between different interest groups, classes, and—more recently—different races or religions. These institutions have typically included the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Welfare_state?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Welfare state">welfare state</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/BBC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="BBC">BBC</a>, and local government. One-nation Conservatives often invoke <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edmund_Burke?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edmund Burke">Edmund Burke</a> and his emphasis on <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Civil_society?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Civil society">civil society</a> ("little platoons") as the foundations of society, as well as his opposition to radical politics of all types. The Red Tory theory of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Phillip_Blond?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Phillip Blond">Phillip Blond</a> is a strand of the one-nation school of thought; prominent Red Tories include former Cabinet Ministers <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Iain_Duncan_Smith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Iain Duncan Smith">Iain Duncan Smith</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eric_Pickles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eric Pickles">Eric Pickles</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parliamentary_Under-Secretary_of_State?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State">Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jesse_Norman?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jesse Norman">Jesse Norman</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-335">[335]</a> There is a difference of opinion among supporters regarding the European Union. Some support it perhaps stemming from an extension of the cohesion principle to the international level, though others are strongly against the EU (such as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Peter_Tapsell_(UK_politician)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter Tapsell (UK politician)">Peter Tapsell</a>). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Free-market_Conservatives">Free-market Conservatives</h3> </div> The "free-market wing" of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Economic_liberals?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic liberals">economic liberals</a> achieved dominance after the election of Margaret Thatcher as party leader in 1975. Their goal was to reduce the role of the government in the economy and to this end, they supported cuts in direct taxation, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Privatisation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Privatisation">privatisation</a> of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nationalised?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationalised">nationalised</a> industries and a reduction in the size and scope of the welfare state. Supporters of the "free-market wing" have been labelled as "<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Thatcherites?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Thatcherites">Thatcherites</a>". The group has disparate views of social policy: Thatcher herself was <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Socially_conservative?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Socially conservative">socially conservative</a> and a practising <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anglican?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican">Anglican</a> but the free-market wing in the Conservative Party harbour a range of social opinions from the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Civil_libertarian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil libertarian">civil libertarian</a> views of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Michael_Portillo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Michael Portillo">Michael Portillo</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Daniel_Hannan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Daniel Hannan">Daniel Hannan</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/David_Davis_(British_politician)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="David Davis (British politician)">David Davis</a> to the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Traditional_conservatism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional conservatism">traditional conservatism</a> of former party leaders <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Hague?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William Hague">William Hague</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Iain_Duncan_Smith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Iain Duncan Smith">Iain Duncan Smith</a>. The Thatcherite wing is also associated with the concept of a "classless society".<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-336">[336]</a> Whilst a number of party members are <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pro-European?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pro-European">pro-European</a>, some free-marketeers are <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurosceptic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurosceptic">Eurosceptic</a>, perceiving most EU regulations as interference in the free market and/or a threat to British sovereignty. EU centralisation also conflicts with the localist ideals that have grown in prominence within the party in recent years. Rare Thatcherite Europhiles included <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leon_Brittan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Leon Brittan">Leon Brittan</a>. Many take inspiration from Thatcher's Bruges speech in 1988, in which she declared that "we have not successfully rolled back the frontiers of the state in Britain only to see them reimposed at a European level". A number of free-market Conservatives have signed the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Better_Off_Out?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Better Off Out">Better Off Out</a> pledge to leave the EU.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-337">[337]</a> Thatcherites and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Economic_liberals?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic liberals">economic liberals</a> in the party tend to support <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Atlanticism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Atlanticism">Atlanticism</a>, something exhibited between Margaret Thatcher and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ronald_Reagan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a>. Thatcher herself claimed philosophical inspiration from the works of Burke and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Friedrich_Hayek?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Friedrich Hayek">Friedrich Hayek</a> for her defence of liberal economics. Groups associated with this tradition include the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/No_Turning_Back_(political_group)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="No Turning Back (political group)">No Turning Back</a> Group and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Way_Forward?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Conservative Way Forward">Conservative Way Forward</a>, whilst Enoch Powell and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Keith_Joseph?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Keith Joseph">Keith Joseph</a> are usually cited as early influences in the movement.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-338">[338]</a> Some free-market supporters and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christian_Democrats?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian Democrats">Christian Democrats</a> within the party tend to advocate the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Social_Market_Economy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Social Market Economy">Social Market Economy</a>, which supports free markets alongside social and environmental responsibility, as well a welfare state. Joseph was the first to introduce the model idea into British politics, writing the publication: Why Britain needs a Social Market Economy. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Traditionalist_Conservatives">Traditionalist Conservatives</h3> </div> This <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Socially_conservative?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Socially conservative">socially conservative</a> right-wing grouping is currently associated with the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cornerstone_Group?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cornerstone Group">Cornerstone Group</a> (or Faith, Flag and Family), and is the oldest tradition within the Conservative Party, closely associated with <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/High_Toryism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="High Toryism">High Toryism</a>. The name stems from its support for three social institutions: the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Church_of_England?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Church of England">Church of England</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Unitary_state?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Unitary state">unitary British state</a> and the family. To this end, it emphasises the country's <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anglican?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican">Anglican</a> heritage, oppose any transfer of power away from the United Kingdom—either downwards to the nations and regions or upwards to the European Union—and seek to place greater emphasis on traditional family structures to repair what it sees as a broken society in the UK. It is a strong advocate of marriage and believes the Conservative Party should back the institution with tax breaks and have opposed the alleged assaults on both traditional family structures and fatherhood.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-339">[339]</a> Prominent MPs from this wing of the party include <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Andrew_Rosindell?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Andrew Rosindell">Andrew Rosindell</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edward_Leigh?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edward Leigh">Edward Leigh</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jacob_Rees-Mogg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jacob Rees-Mogg">Jacob Rees-Mogg</a>—the latter two being prominent Roman Catholics, notable in a faction marked out by its support for the established Church of England. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Relationships_between_the_factions">Relationships between the factions</h3> </div> Sometimes two groupings have united to oppose the third. Both Thatcherite and traditionalist Conservatives rebelled over Europe (and in particular Maastricht) during <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Major?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Major">John Major</a>'s premiership; and traditionalist and One Nation MPs united to inflict Margaret Thatcher's only major defeat in Parliament, over Sunday trading. Not all Conservative MPs can be easily placed within one of the above groupings. For example, John Major was the ostensibly "Thatcherite" candidate during the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1990_Conservative_Party_leadership_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1990 Conservative Party leadership election">1990 leadership election</a>, but he consistently promoted One-Nation Conservatives to the higher reaches of his cabinet during his time as Prime Minister. These included <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kenneth_Clarke?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kenneth Clarke">Kenneth Clarke</a> as Chancellor of the Exchequer and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Michael_Heseltine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Michael Heseltine">Michael Heseltine</a> as Deputy Prime Minister.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-340">[340]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <h2 id="Electoral_performance_and_campaigns">Electoral performance and campaigns</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> National campaigning within the Conservative Party is fundamentally managed by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Campaign_Headquarters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Campaigning" title="Conservative Campaign Headquarters">the CCHQ campaigning team</a>, which is part of its central office<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-conservatives.com-341">[341]</a> However, it also delegates local responsibility to Conservative associations in the area, usually to a team of Conservative activists and volunteers<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-conservatives.com-341">[341]</a> in that area, but campaigns are still deployed from and thus managed by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/CCHQ?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="CCHQ">CCHQ</a> National campaigning sometimes occurs in-house by volunteers and staff at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/CCHQ?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="CCHQ">CCHQ</a> in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Westminster?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Westminster">Westminster</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-342">[342]</a> The Voter Communications Department is line-managed by the Conservative Director of Communications who upholds overall responsibility, though she has many staff supporting her, and the whole of CCHQ at election time, her department being one of the most predominant at this time, including project managers, executive assistants, politicians, and volunteers.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-343">[343]</a> The Conservative Party also has regional call centres and VoteSource do-it-from-home accounts. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="UK_general_election_results">UK general election results</h3> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Further information: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Electoral_history_of_the_Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Electoral history of the Conservative Party (UK)">Electoral history of the Conservative Party (UK)</a> </div> This chart shows the electoral performance of the Conservative Party in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_general_elections?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of United Kingdom general elections">each general election</a> since 1835.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-demon-344">[344]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-345">[345]</a> For all election results, including: devolved elections, London elections, Police and Crime Commissioner elections, combined authority elections and European Parliament elections see: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Electoral_history_of_the_Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Electoral history of the Conservative Party (UK)">Electoral history of the Conservative Party (UK)</a> For results of the Tories, the party's predecessor, see <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tories_(British_political_party)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Electoral_performance" title="Tories (British political party)">here</a>. <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"> <caption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament of the United Kingdom</a> </caption> <tbody> <tr> <th rowspan="2">Election</th> <th rowspan="2">Leader</th> <th colspan="2">Votes</th> <th colspan="3">Seats</th> <th rowspan="2">Position</th> <th rowspan="2">Government</th> </tr> <tr> <th>No.</th> <th>Share</th> <th>No.</th> <th>±</th> <th>Share</th> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1835_United_Kingdom_general_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1835 United Kingdom general election">1835</a></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Robert_Peel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Robert Peel">Robert Peel</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">261,269</td> <td style="text-align:right;">40.8%</td> <td> <div style="width: 100px;"> 273 / 658 <div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"> <div style="background-color: #0087DC; width: 41%; height: 100%;"></div> </div> </div></td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" data-alt="Increase" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  98</td> <td style="text-align:right;">41.5%</td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" data-alt="Steady" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  2nd</td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Whigs_(British_political_party)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Whigs (British political party)">Whig</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1837_United_Kingdom_general_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1837 United Kingdom general election">1837</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">379,694</td> <td style="text-align:right;">48.3%</td> <td> <div style="width: 100px;"> 314 / 658 <div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"> <div style="background-color: #0087DC; width: 48%; height: 100%;"></div> </div> </div></td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" data-alt="Increase" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  41</td> <td style="text-align:right;">47.7%</td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" data-alt="Steady" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  2nd</td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Whig</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1841_United_Kingdom_general_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1841 United Kingdom general election">1841</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">379,694</td> <td style="text-align:right;">56.9%</td> <td> <div style="width: 100px;"> 367 / 658 <div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"> <div style="background-color: #0087DC; width: 56%; height: 100%;"></div> </div> </div></td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" data-alt="Increase" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  53</td> <td style="text-align:right;">55.8%</td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" data-alt="Increase" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  1st</td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Conservative<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Election_1841-346">[a]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1847_United_Kingdom_general_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1847 United Kingdom general election">1847</a></td> <td rowspan="5"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edward_Smith-Stanley,_14th_Earl_of_Derby?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby">Earl of Derby</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">205,481</td> <td style="text-align:right;">42.7%</td> <td> <div style="width: 100px;"> 325 / 656 <div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"> <div style="background-color: #0087DC; width: 50%; height: 100%;"></div> </div> </div><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Peel-347">[b]</a></td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" data-alt="Decrease" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  42</td> <td style="text-align:right;">49.5%</td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" data-alt="Steady" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  1st</td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Whig<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Election_1847-348">[c]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1852_United_Kingdom_general_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1852 United Kingdom general election">1852</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">311,481</td> <td style="text-align:right;">41.9%</td> <td> <div style="width: 100px;"> 330 / 654 <div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"> <div style="background-color: #0087DC; width: 50%; height: 100%;"></div> </div> </div><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Peel-347">[b]</a></td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" data-alt="Increase" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  5</td> <td style="text-align:right;">50.5%</td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" data-alt="Steady" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  1st</td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Conservative minority<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Election_1852-349">[d]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1857_United_Kingdom_general_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1857 United Kingdom general election">1857</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">239,712</td> <td style="text-align:right;">34.0%</td> <td> <div style="width: 100px;"> 264 / 654 <div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"> <div style="background-color: #0087DC; width: 40%; height: 100%;"></div> </div> </div></td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" data-alt="Decrease" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  66</td> <td style="text-align:right;">40.4%</td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" data-alt="Decrease" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  2nd</td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Whig<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Election_1857-350">[e]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1859_United_Kingdom_general_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1859 United Kingdom general election">1859</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">193,232</td> <td style="text-align:right;">34.3%</td> <td> <div style="width: 100px;"> 298 / 654 <div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"> <div style="background-color: #0087DC; width: 46%; height: 100%;"></div> </div> </div></td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" data-alt="Increase" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  34</td> <td style="text-align:right;">45.6%</td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" data-alt="Steady" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  2nd</td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Conservative minority<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Election_1859-351">[f]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1865_United_Kingdom_general_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1865 United Kingdom general election">1865</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">346,035</td> <td style="text-align:right;">40.5%</td> <td> <div style="width: 100px;"> 289 / 658 <div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"> <div style="background-color: #0087DC; width: 44%; height: 100%;"></div> </div> </div></td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" data-alt="Decrease" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  9</td> <td style="text-align:right;">43.9%</td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" data-alt="Steady" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  2nd</td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liberal Party (UK)">Liberal</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Election_1865-352">[g]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1868_United_Kingdom_general_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1868 United Kingdom general election">1868</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-353">[fn 1]</a></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Benjamin Disraeli</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">903,318</td> <td style="text-align:right;">38.4%</td> <td> <div style="width: 100px;"> 271 / 658 <div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"> <div style="background-color: #0087DC; width: 41%; height: 100%;"></div> </div> </div></td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" data-alt="Decrease" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  18</td> <td style="text-align:right;">41.2%</td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" data-alt="Steady" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  2nd</td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Liberal</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1874_United_Kingdom_general_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1874 United Kingdom general election">1874</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,091,708</td> <td style="text-align:right;">44.3%</td> <td> <div style="width: 100px;"> 350 / 652 <div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"> <div style="background-color: #0087DC; width: 54%; height: 100%;"></div> </div> </div></td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" data-alt="Increase" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  79</td> <td style="text-align:right;">53.7%</td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" data-alt="Increase" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  1st</td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Conservative</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1880_United_Kingdom_general_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1880 United Kingdom general election">1880</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,462,351</td> <td style="text-align:right;">42.5%</td> <td> <div style="width: 100px;"> 237 / 652 <div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"> <div style="background-color: #0087DC; width: 36%; height: 100%;"></div> </div> </div></td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" data-alt="Decrease" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  113</td> <td style="text-align:right;">36.3%</td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" data-alt="Decrease" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  2nd</td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Liberal<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Election_1880-354">[h]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1885_United_Kingdom_general_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1885 United Kingdom general election">1885</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-355">[fn 2]</a></td> <td rowspan="5"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil,_3rd_Marquess_of_Salisbury?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury">Marquess of Salisbury</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,869,560</td> <td style="text-align:right;">43.4%</td> <td> <div style="width: 100px;"> 247 / 670 <div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"> <div style="background-color: #0087DC; width: 37%; height: 100%;"></div> </div> </div></td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" data-alt="Increase" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  10</td> <td style="text-align:right;">36.9%</td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" data-alt="Steady" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  2nd</td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Conservative minority<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Election_1885-356">[i]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1886_United_Kingdom_general_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1886 United Kingdom general election">1886</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,417,627</td> <td style="text-align:right;">51.4%</td> <td> <div style="width: 100px;"> 393 / 670 <div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"> <div style="background-color: #0087DC; width: 59%; height: 100%;"></div> </div> </div></td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" data-alt="Increase" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  146</td> <td style="text-align:right;">58.7%</td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" data-alt="Increase" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  1st</td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Conservative–<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liberal_Unionist_Party?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liberal Unionist Party">Liberal Unionist</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1892_United_Kingdom_general_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1892 United Kingdom general election">1892</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,028,586</td> <td style="text-align:right;">47.0%</td> <td> <div style="width: 100px;"> 314 / 670 <div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"> <div style="background-color: #0087DC; width: 47%; height: 100%;"></div> </div> </div></td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" data-alt="Decrease" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  79</td> <td style="text-align:right;">46.9%</td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" data-alt="Decrease" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  2nd</td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Conservative minority<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Election_1892-357">[j]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1895_United_Kingdom_general_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1895 United Kingdom general election">1895</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,759,484</td> <td style="text-align:right;">49.3%</td> <td> <div style="width: 100px;"> 411 / 670 <div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"> <div style="background-color: #0087DC; width: 61%; height: 100%;"></div> </div> </div></td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" data-alt="Increase" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  97</td> <td style="text-align:right;">61.3%</td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" data-alt="Increase" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  1st</td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Conservative–Liberal Unionist</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1900_United_Kingdom_general_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1900 United Kingdom general election">1900</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,637,683</td> <td style="text-align:right;">50.2%</td> <td> <div style="width: 100px;"> 402 / 670 <div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"> <div style="background-color: #0087DC; width: 60%; height: 100%;"></div> </div> </div></td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" data-alt="Decrease" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  9</td> <td style="text-align:right;">60.0%</td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" data-alt="Steady" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  1st</td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Conservative–Liberal Unionist<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Election_1900-358">[k]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1906_United_Kingdom_general_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1906 United Kingdom general election">1906</a></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arthur_Balfour?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arthur Balfour">Arthur Balfour</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,278,076</td> <td style="text-align:right;">43.4%</td> <td> <div style="width: 100px;"> 156 / 670 <div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"> <div style="background-color: #0087DC; width: 23%; height: 100%;"></div> </div> </div></td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" data-alt="Decrease" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  246</td> <td style="text-align:right;">23.3%</td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" data-alt="Decrease" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  2nd</td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Liberal</td> </tr> <tr> <td data-sort-value="1910-1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/January_1910_United_Kingdom_general_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="January 1910 United Kingdom general election">January 1910</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,919,236</td> <td style="text-align:right;">46.8%</td> <td> <div style="width: 100px;"> 272 / 670 <div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"> <div style="background-color: #0087DC; width: 41%; height: 100%;"></div> </div> </div></td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" data-alt="Increase" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  116</td> <td style="text-align:right;">40.6%</td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" data-alt="Steady" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  2nd</td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Liberal minority</td> </tr> <tr> <td data-sort-value="1910-2"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/December_1910_United_Kingdom_general_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="December 1910 United Kingdom general election">December 1910</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,270,753</td> <td style="text-align:right;">46.6%</td> <td> <div style="width: 100px;"> 271 / 670 <div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"> <div style="background-color: #0087DC; width: 40%; height: 100%;"></div> </div> </div></td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" data-alt="Decrease" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  1</td> <td style="text-align:right;">40.5%</td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" data-alt="Steady" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  2nd</td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Liberal minority</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="9" data-sort-value="1912" style="text-align: center;">Merged with <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liberal_Unionist_Party?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liberal Unionist Party">Liberal Unionist Party</a> in 1912 to become the Conservative and Unionist Party</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1918_United_Kingdom_general_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1918 United Kingdom general election">1918</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-359">[fn 3]</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bonar_Law?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bonar Law">Bonar Law</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">4,003,848</td> <td style="text-align:right;">38.4%</td> <td> <div style="width: 100px;"> 379 / 707 <div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"> <div style="background-color: #0087DC; width: 54%; height: 100%;"></div> </div> </div>332 elected with <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Coalition_Coupon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Coalition Coupon">Coupon</a></td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" data-alt="Increase" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  108</td> <td style="text-align:right;">53.6%</td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" data-alt="Increase" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  1st</td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Coalition_Liberal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Coalition Liberal">Coalition Liberal</a>–Conservative</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1922_United_Kingdom_general_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1922 United Kingdom general election">1922</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">5,294,465</td> <td style="text-align:right;">38.5%</td> <td> <div style="width: 100px;"> 344 / 615 <div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"> <div style="background-color: #0087DC; width: 56%; height: 100%;"></div> </div> </div></td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" data-alt="Decrease" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  35</td> <td style="text-align:right;">55.9%</td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" data-alt="Steady" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  1st</td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Conservative</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1923_United_Kingdom_general_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1923 United Kingdom general election">1923</a></td> <td rowspan="5"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stanley_Baldwin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stanley Baldwin">Stanley Baldwin</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">5,286,159</td> <td style="text-align:right;">38.0%</td> <td> <div style="width: 100px;"> 258 / 625 <div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"> <div style="background-color: #0087DC; width: 41%; height: 100%;"></div> </div> </div></td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" data-alt="Decrease" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  86</td> <td style="text-align:right;">41.3%</td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" data-alt="Steady" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  1st</td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Conservative minority<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Election_1923-360">[l]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1924_United_Kingdom_general_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1924 United Kingdom general election">1924</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">7,418,983</td> <td style="text-align:right;">46.8%</td> <td> <div style="width: 100px;"> 412 / 615 <div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"> <div style="background-color: #0087DC; width: 67%; height: 100%;"></div> </div> </div></td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" data-alt="Increase" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  124</td> <td style="text-align:right;">67.0%</td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" data-alt="Steady" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  1st</td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Conservative</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1929_United_Kingdom_general_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1929 United Kingdom general election">1929</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-361">[fn 4]</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">8,252,527</td> <td style="text-align:right;">38.1%</td> <td> <div style="width: 100px;"> 260 / 615 <div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"> <div style="background-color: #0087DC; width: 42%; height: 100%;"></div> </div> </div></td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" data-alt="Decrease" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  152</td> <td style="text-align:right;">42.3%</td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" data-alt="Decrease" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  2nd</td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Labour minority</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1931_United_Kingdom_general_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1931 United Kingdom general election">1931</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">11,377,022</td> <td style="text-align:right;">55.0%</td> <td> <div style="width: 100px;"> 470 / 615 <div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"> <div style="background-color: #0087DC; width: 76%; height: 100%;"></div> </div> </div></td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" data-alt="Increase" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  210</td> <td style="text-align:right;">76.4%</td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" data-alt="Increase" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  1st</td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Conservative–Liberal–<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/National_Labour_Organisation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="National Labour Organisation">National Labour</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1935_United_Kingdom_general_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1935 United Kingdom general election">1935</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">10,025,083</td> <td style="text-align:right;">47.8%</td> <td> <div style="width: 100px;"> 386 / 615 <div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"> <div style="background-color: #0087DC; width: 63%; height: 100%;"></div> </div> </div></td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" data-alt="Decrease" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  83</td> <td style="text-align:right;">62.8%</td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" data-alt="Steady" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  1st</td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Conservative–<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_(UK,_1931)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="National Liberal Party (UK, 1931)">Liberal National</a>–National Labour</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1945_United_Kingdom_general_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1945 United Kingdom general election">1945</a></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Winston_Churchill?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">8,716,211</td> <td style="text-align:right;">36.2%</td> <td> <div style="width: 100px;"> 197 / 640 <div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"> <div style="background-color: #0087DC; width: 31%; height: 100%;"></div> </div> </div></td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" data-alt="Decrease" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  189</td> <td style="text-align:right;">30.8%</td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" data-alt="Decrease" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  2nd</td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Labour</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1950_United_Kingdom_general_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1950 United Kingdom general election">1950</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">11,507,061</td> <td style="text-align:right;">40.0%</td> <td> <div style="width: 100px;"> 282 / 625 <div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"> <div style="background-color: #0087DC; width: 45%; height: 100%;"></div> </div> </div></td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" data-alt="Increase" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  85</td> <td style="text-align:right;">45.1%</td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" data-alt="Steady" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  2nd</td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Labour</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1951_United_Kingdom_general_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1951 United Kingdom general election">1951</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">13,724,418</td> <td style="text-align:right;">48.0%</td> <td> <div style="width: 100px;"> 302 / 625 <div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"> <div style="background-color: #0087DC; width: 48%; height: 100%;"></div> </div> </div></td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" data-alt="Increase" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  20</td> <td style="text-align:right;">48.3%</td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" data-alt="Increase" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  1st</td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Conservative–<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_(UK,_1931)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="National Liberal Party (UK, 1931)">National Liberal</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1955_United_Kingdom_general_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1955 United Kingdom general election">1955</a></td> <td data-sort-value="eden"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anthony_Eden?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anthony Eden">Anthony Eden</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">13,310,891</td> <td style="text-align:right;">49.7%</td> <td> <div style="width: 100px;"> 324 / 630 <div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"> <div style="background-color: #0087DC; width: 51%; height: 100%;"></div> </div> </div></td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" data-alt="Increase" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  22</td> <td style="text-align:right;">51.4%</td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" data-alt="Steady" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  1st</td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Conservative–National Liberal</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1959_United_Kingdom_general_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1959 United Kingdom general election">1959</a></td> <td data-sort-value="macm"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Harold_Macmillan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Harold Macmillan">Harold Macmillan</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">13,750,875</td> <td style="text-align:right;">49.4%</td> <td> <div style="width: 100px;"> 345 / 630 <div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"> <div style="background-color: #0087DC; width: 55%; height: 100%;"></div> </div> </div></td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" data-alt="Increase" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  21</td> <td style="text-align:right;">54.8%</td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" data-alt="Steady" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  1st</td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Conservative–National Liberal</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1964_United_Kingdom_general_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1964 United Kingdom general election">1964</a></td> <td data-sort-value="dougl"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alec_Douglas-Home?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alec Douglas-Home">Alec Douglas-Home</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">12,002,642</td> <td style="text-align:right;">43.4%</td> <td> <div style="width: 100px;"> 298 / 630 <div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"> <div style="background-color: #0087DC; width: 47%; height: 100%;"></div> </div> </div></td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" data-alt="Decrease" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  47</td> <td style="text-align:right;">47.3%</td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" data-alt="Decrease" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  2nd</td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Labour</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1966_United_Kingdom_general_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1966 United Kingdom general election">1966</a></td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edward_Heath?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edward Heath">Edward Heath</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">11,418,455</td> <td style="text-align:right;">41.9%</td> <td> <div style="width: 100px;"> 250 / 630 <div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"> <div style="background-color: #0087DC; width: 40%; height: 100%;"></div> </div> </div></td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" data-alt="Decrease" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  48</td> <td style="text-align:right;">39.7%</td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" data-alt="Steady" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  2nd</td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Labour</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1970_United_Kingdom_general_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1970 United Kingdom general election">1970</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-362">[fn 5]</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">13,145,123</td> <td style="text-align:right;">46.4%</td> <td> <div style="width: 100px;"> 330 / 630 <div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"> <div style="background-color: #0087DC; width: 52%; height: 100%;"></div> </div> </div></td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" data-alt="Increase" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  80</td> <td style="text-align:right;">52.4%</td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" data-alt="Increase" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  1st</td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Conservative</td> </tr> <tr> <td data-sort-value="1974-1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/February_1974_United_Kingdom_general_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="February 1974 United Kingdom general election">February 1974</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">11,872,180</td> <td style="text-align:right;">37.9%</td> <td> <div style="width: 100px;"> 297 / 635 <div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"> <div style="background-color: #0087DC; width: 47%; height: 100%;"></div> </div> </div></td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" data-alt="Decrease" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  33</td> <td style="text-align:right;">46.8%</td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" data-alt="Decrease" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  2nd</td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Labour minority</td> </tr> <tr> <td data-sort-value="1974-2"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/October_1974_United_Kingdom_general_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="October 1974 United Kingdom general election">October 1974</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">10,462,565</td> <td style="text-align:right;">35.8%</td> <td> <div style="width: 100px;"> 277 / 635 <div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"> <div style="background-color: #0087DC; width: 44%; height: 100%;"></div> </div> </div></td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" data-alt="Decrease" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  20</td> <td style="text-align:right;">43.6%</td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" data-alt="Steady" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  2nd</td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Labour</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1979_United_Kingdom_general_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1979 United Kingdom general election">1979</a></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">13,697,923</td> <td style="text-align:right;">43.9%</td> <td> <div style="width: 100px;"> 339 / 635 <div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"> <div style="background-color: #0087DC; width: 53%; height: 100%;"></div> </div> </div></td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" data-alt="Increase" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  62</td> <td style="text-align:right;">53.4%</td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" data-alt="Increase" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  1st</td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Conservative</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1983_United_Kingdom_general_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1983 United Kingdom general election">1983</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">13,012,316</td> <td style="text-align:right;">42.4%</td> <td> <div style="width: 100px;"> 397 / 650 <div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"> <div style="background-color: #0087DC; width: 61%; height: 100%;"></div> </div> </div></td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" data-alt="Increase" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  38</td> <td style="text-align:right;">61.1%</td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" data-alt="Steady" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  1st</td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Conservative</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1987_United_Kingdom_general_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1987 United Kingdom general election">1987</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">13,760,935</td> <td style="text-align:right;">42.2%</td> <td> <div style="width: 100px;"> 376 / 650 <div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"> <div style="background-color: #0087DC; width: 58%; height: 100%;"></div> </div> </div></td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" data-alt="Decrease" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  21</td> <td style="text-align:right;">57.8%</td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" data-alt="Steady" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  1st</td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Conservative</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1992_United_Kingdom_general_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1992 United Kingdom general election">1992</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Major?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Major">John Major</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">14,093,007</td> <td style="text-align:right;">41.9%</td> <td> <div style="width: 100px;"> 336 / 651 <div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"> <div style="background-color: #0087DC; width: 52%; height: 100%;"></div> </div> </div></td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" data-alt="Decrease" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  40</td> <td style="text-align:right;">51.6%</td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" data-alt="Steady" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  1st</td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Conservative</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1997_United_Kingdom_general_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1997 United Kingdom general election">1997</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">9,600,943</td> <td style="text-align:right;">30.7%</td> <td> <div style="width: 100px;"> 165 / 659 <div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"> <div style="background-color: #0087DC; width: 25%; height: 100%;"></div> </div> </div></td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" data-alt="Decrease" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  171</td> <td style="text-align:right;">25.0%</td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" data-alt="Decrease" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  2nd</td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Labour</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2001_United_Kingdom_general_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2001 United Kingdom general election">2001</a></td> <td data-sort-value="hag"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Hague?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William Hague">William Hague</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">8,357,615</td> <td style="text-align:right;">31.7%</td> <td> <div style="width: 100px;"> 166 / 659 <div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"> <div style="background-color: #0087DC; width: 25%; height: 100%;"></div> </div> </div></td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" data-alt="Increase" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  1</td> <td style="text-align:right;">25.2%</td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" data-alt="Steady" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  2nd</td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Labour</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2005_United_Kingdom_general_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2005 United Kingdom general election">2005</a></td> <td data-sort-value="how"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Michael_Howard?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Michael Howard">Michael Howard</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">8,785,941</td> <td style="text-align:right;">32.4%</td> <td> <div style="width: 100px;"> 198 / 646 <div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"> <div style="background-color: #0087DC; width: 31%; height: 100%;"></div> </div> </div></td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" data-alt="Increase" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  32</td> <td style="text-align:right;">30.7%</td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" data-alt="Steady" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  2nd</td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Labour</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2010_United_Kingdom_general_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2010 United Kingdom general election">2010</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/David_Cameron?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="David Cameron">David Cameron</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">10,704,647</td> <td style="text-align:right;">36.1%</td> <td> <div style="width: 100px;"> 306 / 650 <div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"> <div style="background-color: #0087DC; width: 47%; height: 100%;"></div> </div> </div></td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" data-alt="Increase" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  108</td> <td style="text-align:right;">47.1%</td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" data-alt="Increase" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  1st</td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Conservative–<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liberal Democrats (UK)">Liberal Democrats</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2015_United_Kingdom_general_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2015 United Kingdom general election">2015</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">11,334,920</td> <td style="text-align:right;">36.9%</td> <td> <div style="width: 100px;"> 330 / 650 <div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"> <div style="background-color: #0087DC; width: 51%; height: 100%;"></div> </div> </div></td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" data-alt="Increase" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  24</td> <td style="text-align:right;">50.8%</td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" data-alt="Steady" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  1st</td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Conservative</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2017_United_Kingdom_general_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2017 United Kingdom general election">2017</a></td> <td data-sort-value="may"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Theresa_May?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Theresa May">Theresa May</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">13,636,684</td> <td style="text-align:right;">42.3%</td> <td> <div style="width: 100px;"> 317 / 650 <div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"> <div style="background-color: #0087DC; width: 49%; height: 100%;"></div> </div> </div></td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" data-alt="Decrease" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  13</td> <td style="text-align:right;">48.8%</td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" data-alt="Steady" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  1st</td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Conservative minority with <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative%E2%80%93DUP_agreement?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Conservative–DUP agreement">DUP confidence and supply</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2019_United_Kingdom_general_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2019 United Kingdom general election">2019</a></td> <td data-sort-value="johnson"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Boris_Johnson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Boris Johnson">Boris Johnson</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">13,966,451</td> <td style="text-align:right;">43.6%</td> <td> <div style="width: 100px;"> 365 / 650 <div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"> <div style="background-color: #0087DC; width: 56%; height: 100%;"></div> </div> </div></td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" data-alt="Increase" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  48</td> <td style="text-align:right;">56.2%</td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" data-alt="Steady" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  1st</td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Conservative</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2024_United_Kingdom_general_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2024 United Kingdom general election">2024</a></td> <td data-sort-value="johnson"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rishi_Sunak?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rishi Sunak">Rishi Sunak</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">6,828,925</td> <td style="text-align:right;">23.7%</td> <td> <div style="width: 100px;"> 121 / 650 <div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"> <div style="background-color: #0087DC; width: 19%; height: 100%;"></div> </div> </div></td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" data-alt="Decrease" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  244</td> <td style="text-align:right;">18.6%</td> <td> <noscript> <img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" data-alt="Decrease" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  2nd</td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Labour</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style> <div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Election_1841-346"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Election_1841_346-0">^</a> Majority government (1841-1846); Opposition (1846-1847).</li> <li id="cite_note-Peel-347">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Peel_347-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Peel_347-1">b</a> Includes <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Peelite?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Peelite">Peelites</a></li> <li id="cite_note-Election_1847-348"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Election_1847_348-0">^</a> Opposition (1847-1852); Minority government (1852).</li> <li id="cite_note-Election_1852-349"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Election_1852_349-0">^</a> Minority government (1852); Opposition (1852-1857).</li> <li id="cite_note-Election_1857-350"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Election_1857_350-0">^</a> Opposition (1857-1858); Minority government (1858-1859).</li> <li id="cite_note-Election_1859-351"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Election_1859_351-0">^</a> Minority government (1859); Opposition (1859-1865).</li> <li id="cite_note-Election_1865-352"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Election_1865_352-0">^</a> Opposition (1865-1866); Minority government (1866-1868).</li> <li id="cite_note-Election_1880-354"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Election_1880_354-0">^</a> Opposition (1880-1885); Minority government (1885).</li> <li id="cite_note-Election_1885-356"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Election_1885_356-0">^</a> Minority government (1885-1886); Opposition (1886).</li> <li id="cite_note-Election_1892-357"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Election_1892_357-0">^</a> Minority government (1892); Opposition (1892-1895).</li> <li id="cite_note-Election_1900-358"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Election_1900_358-0">^</a> Majority government (1900-1905); Opposition (1905-1906).</li> <li id="cite_note-Election_1923-360"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Election_1923_360-0">^</a> Minority government (1923); Opposition (1923-1924).</li> </ol> </div> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <h2 id="Associated_groups">Associated groups</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Further information: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_organisations_associated_with_the_British_Conservative_Party?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="List of organisations associated with the British Conservative Party">List of organisations associated with the British Conservative Party</a> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Ideological_groups">Ideological groups</h3> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style> <div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="col-break" style="width: 28%;"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tory_Reform_Group?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tory Reform Group">Tory Reform Group</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Mainstream?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Conservative Mainstream">Conservative Mainstream</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bright_Blue_(organisation)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bright Blue (organisation)">Bright Blue</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/One_Nation_Conservatives_(caucus)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="One Nation Conservatives (caucus)">One Nation Conservatives</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Way_Forward?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Conservative Way Forward">Conservative Way Forward</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cornerstone_Group?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cornerstone Group">Cornerstone Group</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Selsdon_Group?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Selsdon Group">Selsdon Group</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Monday_Club?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="The Monday Club">The Monday Club</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Blue_Collar_Conservatism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Blue Collar Conservatism">Blue Collar Conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/New_Conservatives_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="New Conservatives (UK)">New Conservatives</a>, launched in 2023 by mostly "<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Red_wall_(British_politics)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Red wall (British politics)">red wall</a>" MPs<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-363">[346]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-364">[347]</a></li> </ul></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Interest_groups">Interest groups</h3> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1216972533"> <div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="col-break" style="width: 28%;"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Animal_Welfare_Foundation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Conservative Animal Welfare Foundation">Conservative Animal Welfare Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Friends_of_Israel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Conservative Friends of Israel">Conservative Friends of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Friends_of_Turkey?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Conservative Friends of Turkey">Conservative Friends of Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Friends_of_the_Chinese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Conservative Friends of the Chinese">Conservative Friends of the Chinese</a></li> </ul></td> <td class="col-break" style="width: 32%;"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LGBT%2B_Conservatives?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="LGBT+ Conservatives">LGBT+ Conservatives</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bruges_Group_(United_Kingdom)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bruges Group (United Kingdom)">Bruges Group</a></li> </ul></td> <td class="col-break" style="width: 40%;"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Christian_Fellowship?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Conservative Christian Fellowship">Conservative Christian Fellowship</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Muslim_Forum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Conservative Muslim Forum">Conservative Muslim Forum</a></li> </ul></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Think_tanks">Think tanks</h3> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1216972533"> <div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="col-break" style="width: 28%;"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/European_Foundation_(think_tank)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="European Foundation (think tank)">European Foundation</a></li> </ul></td> <td class="col-break" style="width: 32%;"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bow_Group?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bow Group">Bow Group</a></li> </ul></td> <td class="col-break" style="width: 40%;"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Centre_for_Policy_Studies?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Centre for Policy Studies">Centre for Policy Studies</a></li> </ul></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Alliances">Alliances</h3> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1216972533"> <div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="col-break" style="width: 28%;"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Democracy_Union?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Democracy Union">International Democracy Union</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/European_Democrat_Union?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="European Democrat Union">European Democrat Union</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Economic_League_(United_Kingdom)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Economic League (United Kingdom)">Economic League</a></li> </ul></td> <td class="col-break" style="width: 32%;"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/European_Conservatives_and_Reformists_Group?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="European Conservatives and Reformists Group">European Conservatives and Reformists</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/European_Democrat_Group?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="European Democrat Group">European Democrat Group</a></li> </ul></td> <td class="col-break" style="width: 40%;"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alliance_of_European_Conservatives_and_Reformists?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Alliance of European Conservatives and Reformists">Alliance of European Conservatives and Reformists</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ulster_Conservatives_and_Unionists?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ulster Conservatives and Unionists">Ulster Conservatives and Unionists</a> – New Force</li> </ul></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Party_structures">Party structures</h3> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1216972533"> <div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="col-break" style="width: 28%;"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Scottish_Conservatives?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Scottish Conservatives">Scottish Conservatives</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Welsh_Conservatives?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Welsh Conservatives">Welsh Conservatives</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Conservatives?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Northern Ireland Conservatives">Northern Ireland Conservatives</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/London_Conservatives?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="London Conservatives">London Conservatives</a></li> </ul></td> <td class="col-break" style="width: 32%;"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1922_Committee?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1922 Committee">1922 Committee</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Campaign_Headquarters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Conservative Campaign Headquarters">Conservative Campaign Headquarters</a> (CCHQ)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_Archive?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Conservative Party Archive">Conservative Party Archive</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Research_Department?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Conservative Research Department">Conservative Research Department</a></li> </ul></td> <td class="col-break" style="width: 40%;"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Women%27s_Organisation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Conservative Women's Organisation">Conservative Women's Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LGBT%2B_Conservatives?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="LGBT+ Conservatives">LGBT+ Conservatives</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Young_Conservatives_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Young Conservatives (UK)">Young Conservatives</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Future_Scotland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Conservative Future Scotland">Conservative Future Scotland</a></li> </ul></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"> <h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style> <ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/28px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 28px;height: 28px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/28px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" data-alt="icon" data-width="28" data-height="28" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/42px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/56px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portal:Politics?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></li> <li class="portalbox-entry"> <noscript> <img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 32px;height: 16px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" data-alt="flag" data-width="32" data-height="16" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portal:United_Kingdom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portal:United Kingdom">United Kingdom portal</a></li> <li class="portalbox-entry"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/26px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="28" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 26px;height: 28px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/26px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="26" data-height="28" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/39px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/52px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portal:Conservatism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portal:Conservatism">Conservatism portal</a></li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/History_of_the_Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="History of the Conservative Party (UK)">History of the Conservative Party (UK)</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Electoral_history_of_the_Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Electoral history of the Conservative Party (UK)">Electoral history of the Conservative Party (UK)</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_conservative_parties_by_country?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of conservative parties by country">List of conservative parties by country</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_Conservative_Party_MPs_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of Conservative Party MPs (UK)">List of Conservative Party MPs (UK)</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_Conservative_Party_(UK)_general_election_manifestos?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of Conservative Party (UK) general election manifestos">List of Conservative Party (UK) general election manifestos</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_United_Kingdom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of political parties in the United Kingdom">List of political parties in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Politics_of_the_United_Kingdom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Politics of the United Kingdom">Politics of the United Kingdom</a></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"> <h2 id="Notes_2">Notes</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-353"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-353">^</a> The first election held under the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reform_Act_1867?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reform Act 1867">Reform Act 1867</a>.</li> <li id="cite_note-355"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-355">^</a> The first election held under the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Representation_of_the_People_Act_1884?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Representation of the People Act 1884">Representation of the People Act 1884</a> and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Redistribution_of_Seats_Act_1885?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redistribution of Seats Act 1885">Redistribution of Seats Act 1885</a>.</li> <li id="cite_note-359"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-359">^</a> The first election held under the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Representation_of_the_People_Act_1918?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Representation of the People Act 1918">Representation of the People Act 1918</a> in which all men over 21, and most women over the age of 30 could vote, and therefore a much larger electorate.</li> <li id="cite_note-361"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-361">^</a> The first election held under the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Representation_of_the_People_Act_1928?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Representation of the People Act 1928">Representation of the People Act 1928</a> which gave all women aged over 21 the vote.</li> <li id="cite_note-362"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-362">^</a> Franchise extended to all 18- to 20-year-olds under the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Representation_of_the_People_Act_1969?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Representation of the People Act 1969">Representation of the People Act 1969</a>.</li> </ol> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"> <div class="reflist"> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"> <div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"> <h2 id="References">References</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"> <div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a 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Retrieved 18 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Tory+party+conference+is+a+peculiar+affair&rft.date=2024-10-01&rft.aulast=Boulton&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freaction.life%2Ftory-party-conference-is-a-peculiar-affair%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTiman2024" class="citation news cs1">Timan, Joseph (2 October 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/greater-manchester-news/i-thought-id-see-lots-30055636">"'I thought I'd see lots of sad Tories at the Conservative conference - only the weather was miserable'"</a>. Manchester Evening News. Retrieved 18 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%27I+thought+I%27d+see+lots+of+sad+Tories+at+the+Conservative+conference+-+only+the+weather+was+miserable%27&rft.date=2024-10-02&rft.aulast=Timan&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.manchestereveningnews.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fgreater-manchester-news%2Fi-thought-id-see-lots-30055636&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://opencouncildata.co.uk/">"Open Council Data UK"</a>. opencouncildata.co.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430183531/http://opencouncildata.co.uk/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 April 2021. Retrieved 19 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=opencouncildata.co.uk&rft.atitle=Open+Council+Data+UK&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fopencouncildata.co.uk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuchan2018" class="citation web cs1">Buchan, Lizzy (12 November 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20220709124148/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/tory-definition-what-is-conservative-party-values-whig-history-uk-britain-a8622246.html">"What does Tory mean and where does this term come from?"</a>. The Independent. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/tory-definition-what-is-conservative-party-values-whig-history-uk-britain-a8622246.html">the original</a> on 9 July 2022. Retrieved 29 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=What+does+Tory+mean+and+where+does+this+term+come+from%3F&rft.date=2018-11-12&rft.aulast=Buchan&rft.aufirst=Lizzy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fpolitics%2Ftory-definition-what-is-conservative-party-values-whig-history-uk-britain-a8622246.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeating2024" class="citation book cs1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Michael_Keating_(political_scientist)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Michael Keating (political scientist)">Keating, Michael</a> (2024). "Scotland's Constitutional Odyssey". In Cremades, Javier; Hermida, Cristina (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://link.springer.com/referencework/10.1007/978-3-319-31739-7">Encyclopedia of Contemporary Constitutionalism</a>. London/Berlin: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Springer_Nature?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Springer Nature">Springer Nature</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doi_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1007%252F978-3-319-31739-7">10.1007/978-3-319-31739-7</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-319-31739-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-319-31739-7"><bdi>978-3-319-31739-7</bdi></a>. <q>It was also, like the Labour Party at the same time, able to play the European center-left against the dominant rightwing Conservative Party.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Scotland%27s+Constitutional+Odyssey&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Contemporary+Constitutionalism&rft.place=London%2FBerlin&rft.pub=Springer+Nature&rft.date=2024&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-319-31739-7&rft.isbn=978-3-319-31739-7&rft.aulast=Keating&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Freferencework%2F10.1007%2F978-3-319-31739-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTurnbull-Dugarte2023" class="citation journal cs1">Turnbull-Dugarte, Stuart J. (February 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1111%252F1475-6765.12531">"Do Opportunistic Snap Elections Affect Political Trust? Evidence from a Natural Experiment"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/European_Journal_of_Political_Research?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="European Journal of Political Research">European Journal of Political Research</a>. 62 (1). New York/Oxford: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wiley_(publisher)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wiley (publisher)">Wiley</a>: 308–325. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doi_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1111%252F1475-6765.12531">10.1111/1475-6765.12531</a>. <q>H2a assumes right-leaning voters are congruent with the incumbent right-wing Conservative party</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Political+Research&rft.atitle=Do+Opportunistic+Snap+Elections+Affect+Political+Trust%3F+Evidence+from+a+Natural+Experiment&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=308-325&rft.date=2023-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2F1475-6765.12531&rft.aulast=Turnbull-Dugarte&rft.aufirst=Stuart+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1111%252F1475-6765.12531&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-SaBa23-22"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-SaBa23_22-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSainiBankoleBegum2023" class="citation journal cs1">Saini, Rima; Bankole, Michael; Begum, Neema (April 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1177%252F03063968231164599">"The 2022 Conservative Leadership Campaign and Post-racial Gatekeeping"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Race_%26_Class?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Race & Class">Race & Class</a>. 65 (2): 55–74. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doi_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1177%252F03063968231164599">10.1177/03063968231164599</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0306-3968">0306-3968</a>. <q>...the Conservative Party's history in incorporating ethnic minorities, and the recent post-racial turn within the party whereby increasing party diversity has coincided with an increasing turn to the Right</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Race+%26+Class&rft.atitle=The+2022+Conservative+Leadership+Campaign+and+Post-racial+Gatekeeping&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=55-74&rft.date=2023-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F03063968231164599&rft.issn=0306-3968&rft.aulast=Saini&rft.aufirst=Rima&rft.au=Bankole%2C+Michael&rft.au=Begum%2C+Neema&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1177%252F03063968231164599&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Ba23-23">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Ba23_23-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Ba23_23-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBale2023" class="citation book cs1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tim_Bale?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tim Bale">Bale, Tim</a> (March 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.politybooks.com/bookdetail?book_slug%3Dthe-conservative-party-after-brexit-turmoil-and-transformation--9781509546015">The Conservative Party After Brexit: Turmoil and Transformation</a>. Cambridge: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Polity_(publisher)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Polity (publisher)">Polity</a>. pp. 3–8, 291, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Et_passim?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Et passim">et passim</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781509546015?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/9781509546015"><bdi>9781509546015</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230914194203/https://www.politybooks.com/bookdetail?book_slug%3Dthe-conservative-party-after-brexit-turmoil-and-transformation--9781509546015">Archived</a> from the original on 14 September 2023. Retrieved 12 September 2023. <q>[...] rather than the installation of a supposedly more 'technocratic' cabinet halting and even reversing any transformation on the part of the Conservative Party from a mainstream centre-right formation into an ersatz radical right-wing populist outfit, it could just as easily accelerate and accentuate it. Of course, radical right-wing populist parties are about more than migration and, indeed, culture wars more generally. Typically, they also put a premium on charismatic leadership and, if in office, on the rights of the executive over other branches of government and any intermediate institutions. And this is exactly what we have seen from the Conservative Party since 2019</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Conservative+Party+After+Brexit%3A+Turmoil+and+Transformation&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=3-8%2C+291%2C+%27%27et+passim%27%27&rft.pub=Polity&rft.date=2023-03&rft.isbn=9781509546015&rft.aulast=Bale&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politybooks.com%2Fbookdetail%3Fbook_slug%3Dthe-conservative-party-after-brexit-turmoil-and-transformation--9781509546015&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-deGSh22-24"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-deGSh22_24-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_GeusShorrocks2022" class="citation book cs1">de Geus, Roosmarijn A.; Shorrocks, Rosalind (2022). "Where Do Female Conservatives Stand? A Cross-National Analysis of the Issue Positions and Ideological Placement of Female Right-Wing Candidates". In Och, Malliga; Shames, Shauna; Cooperman, Rosalyn (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.routledge.com/Sell-Outs-or-Warriors-for-Change-A-Comparative-Look-at-Conservative-W/Cooperman-Och-Shames/p/book/9781032346571">Sell-Outs or Warriors for Change? A Comparative Look at Conservative Women in Politics in Democracies</a>. Abingdon/New York: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Routledge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. pp. 1–29. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781032346571?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/9781032346571"><bdi>9781032346571</bdi></a>. <q>right-wing parties are also increasing the presence of women within their ranks. Prominent female European leaders include Theresa May (until recently) and Angela Merkel, from the right-wing Conservative Party in the UK and the Christian Democratic Party in Germany respectively.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Where+Do+Female+Conservatives+Stand%3F+A+Cross-National+Analysis+of+the+Issue+Positions+and+Ideological+Placement+of+Female+Right-Wing+Candidates&rft.btitle=Sell-Outs+or+Warriors+for+Change%3F+A+Comparative+Look+at+Conservative+Women+in+Politics+in+Democracies&rft.place=Abingdon%2FNew+York&rft.pages=1-29&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=9781032346571&rft.aulast=de+Geus&rft.aufirst=Roosmarijn+A.&rft.au=Shorrocks%2C+Rosalind&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.routledge.com%2FSell-Outs-or-Warriors-for-Change-A-Comparative-Look-at-Conservative-W%2FCooperman-Och-Shames%2Fp%2Fbook%2F9781032346571&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlonsoAndrews2020" class="citation journal cs1">Alonso, José M.; Andrews, Rhys (September 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/129657/1/Politics%2520of%2520contracting%2520RDD%2520-%2520Alonso%2520and%2520Andrews.pdf">"Political Ideology and Social Services Contracting: Evidence from a Regression Discontinuity Design"</a> (PDF). <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Public_Administration_Review?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Public Administration Review">Public Administration Review</a>. 80 (5). Hoboken: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wiley-Blackwell?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wiley-Blackwell">Wiley-Blackwell</a>: 743–754. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doi_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1111%252Fpuar.13177">10.1111/puar.13177</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:214198195">214198195</a>. <q>In particular, there is a clear partisan division between the main left-wing party (Labour) and political parties with pronounced pro-market preferences, such as the right-wing Conservative Party</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Public+Administration+Review&rft.atitle=Political+Ideology+and+Social+Services+Contracting%3A+Evidence+from+a+Regression+Discontinuity+Design&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=743-754&rft.date=2020-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fpuar.13177&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A214198195%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Alonso&rft.aufirst=Jos%C3%A9+M.&rft.au=Andrews%2C+Rhys&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Forca.cardiff.ac.uk%2Fid%2Feprint%2F129657%2F1%2FPolitics%2520of%2520contracting%2520RDD%2520-%2520Alonso%2520and%2520Andrews.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlzuabiBrownTaylor2022" class="citation journal cs1">Alzuabi, Raslan; Brown, Sarah; Taylor, Karl (October 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1016%252Fj.socec.2022.101917">"Charitable behaviour and political affiliation: Evidence for the UK"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Journal_of_Behavioral_and_Experimental_Economics?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics">Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics</a>. 100. Amsterdam: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elsevier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Elsevier">Elsevier</a>: 101917. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doi_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1016%252Fj.socec.2022.101917">10.1016/j.socec.2022.101917</a>. <q>...alignment to the Liberal Democrats (centre to left wing) and the Green Party (left wing) are positively associated with charitable behaviour at both the extensive and intensive margins, relative to being aligned with the right wing Conservative Party.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Behavioral+and+Experimental+Economics&rft.atitle=Charitable+behaviour+and+political+affiliation%3A+Evidence+for+the+UK&rft.volume=100&rft.pages=101917&rft.date=2022-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.socec.2022.101917&rft.aulast=Alzuabi&rft.aufirst=Raslan&rft.au=Brown%2C+Sarah&rft.au=Taylor%2C+Karl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252Fj.socec.2022.101917&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOleart2021" class="citation book cs1">Oleart, Alvaro (2021). "Framing TTIP in the UK". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-53637-4">Framing TTIP in the European Public Spheres: Towards an Empowering Dissensus for EU Integration</a>. Cham: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Palgrave_Macmillan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Palgrave Macmillan">Palgrave Macmillan</a>. pp. 153–177. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doi_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1007%252F978-3-030-53637-4_6">10.1007/978-3-030-53637-4_6</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-030-53636-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-030-53636-7"><bdi>978-3-030-53636-7</bdi></a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:229439399">229439399</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003072105/https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-53637-4">Archived</a> from the original on 3 October 2023. Retrieved 14 September 2023. <q>the right-wing Conservative Party in government supported TTIP...This logic reproduced also a government-opposition dynamic, whereby the right-wing Conservative Party championed the agreement</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Framing+TTIP+in+the+UK&rft.btitle=Framing+TTIP+in+the+European+Public+Spheres%3A+Towards+an+Empowering+Dissensus+for+EU+Integration&rft.place=Cham&rft.pages=153-177&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A229439399%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-030-53637-4_6&rft.isbn=978-3-030-53636-7&rft.aulast=Oleart&rft.aufirst=Alvaro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Fbook%2F10.1007%2F978-3-030-53637-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Editorial_Board2024" class="citation news cs1">The Editorial Board (3 November 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.ft.com/content/853c1662-bcf6-4bed-8e4a-53f5186f03c0">"The Conservatives' Deepening Turn to the Right"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Financial_Times?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a>. London: The FT Ltd.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=The+Conservatives%27+Deepening+Turn+to+the+Right&rft.date=2024-11-03&rft.au=The+Editorial+Board&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2F853c1662-bcf6-4bed-8e4a-53f5186f03c0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Wal22-29"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Wal22_29-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalker2022" class="citation news cs1">Walker, Peter (1 August 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20220824082637/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2022/aug/01/righter-than-right-tory-conservative-hardline-drift-public-opinion">"Righter than Right: Tories' Hardline Drift May Lose the Public"</a>. The Guardian. London. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2022/aug/01/righter-than-right-tory-conservative-hardline-drift-public-opinion">the original</a> on 24 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Righter+than+Right%3A+Tories%27+Hardline+Drift+May+Lose+the+Public&rft.date=2022-08-01&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fpolitics%2F2022%2Faug%2F01%2Frighter-than-right-tory-conservative-hardline-drift-public-opinion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBale2018" class="citation journal cs1">Bale, Tim (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0263395718754718">"Who leads and who follows? The symbiotic relationship between UKIP and the Conservatives – and populism and Euroscepticism"</a>. Politics. 38 (3): 263–277. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doi_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1177%252F0263395718754718">10.1177/0263395718754718</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0263-3957">0263-3957</a>. <q>This article makes clear that UKIP's achievement cannot be understood without taking into account both the populist interventions and the internal politics of its mainstream centre-right competitor. We cannot, in other words, understand populist Euroscepticism in the United Kingdom unless we appreciate that, as this article has shown, the Conservatives, not UKIP, were the United Kingdom's first populist Eurosceptic party...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politics&rft.atitle=Who+leads+and+who+follows%3F+The+symbiotic+relationship+between+UKIP+and+the+Conservatives+%E2%80%93+and+populism+and+Euroscepticism&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=263-277&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0263395718754718&rft.issn=0263-3957&rft.aulast=Bale&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.sagepub.com%2Fdoi%2F10.1177%2F0263395718754718&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWidfeldtBrandenburg2018" class="citation journal cs1">Widfeldt, Anders; Brandenburg, Heinz (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0032321717723509">"What Kind of Party Is the UK Independence Party? The Future of the Extreme Right in Britain or Just Another Tory Party?"</a>. Political Studies. 66 (3): 577–600. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doi_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1177%252F0032321717723509">10.1177/0032321717723509</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0032-3217">0032-3217</a>. <q>As far as socio-demographics and attitudes are concerned, the basis of UKIP support comes across as much more similar to that of BNP than of the Conservatives. ... The unfolding plot from the previous section implies that while BNP supporters come across as relatively homogeneous in their – largely positive – evaluations of UKIP, not all UKIP supporters seem to reciprocate. There could, therefore, be significant variations in how they relate to both the extreme right and the moderate centre-right neighbour.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Political+Studies&rft.atitle=What+Kind+of+Party+Is+the+UK+Independence+Party%3F+The+Future+of+the+Extreme+Right+in+Britain+or+Just+Another+Tory+Party%3F&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=577-600&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0032321717723509&rft.issn=0032-3217&rft.aulast=Widfeldt&rft.aufirst=Anders&rft.au=Brandenburg%2C+Heinz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.sagepub.com%2Fdoi%2F10.1177%2F0032321717723509&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWebbBale2014" class="citation journal cs1">Webb, Paul; Bale, Tim (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1111/1467-9248.12130">"Why Do Tories Defect to UKIP? Conservative Party Members and the Temptations of the Populist Radical Right"</a>. Political Studies. 62 (4): 961–970. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doi_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1111%252F1467-9248.12130">10.1111/1467-9248.12130</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0032-3217">0032-3217</a>. <q>For one thing, as we have already suggested, the problems posed by UKIP for the Conservatives are akin to those posed to other European centre-right parties by populist radical right challengers: there is no prima facie reason to think that if large numbers of the Tory rank-and-file are considering switching their vote to UKIP that the same does not apply to, say, members of the ÖVP in Austria (who might switch to the FPÖ), or of the Dutch VVD and CDA (who might vote for the PVV), or of Denmark's Venstre (who might cast their ballot for the DF), or of KOK in Finland (who might be tempted by the Finns Party), or even of the French UMP (who might plump for Marine Le Pen's FN).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Political+Studies&rft.atitle=Why+Do+Tories+Defect+to+UKIP%3F+Conservative+Party+Members+and+the+Temptations+of+the+Populist+Radical+Right&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=961-970&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2F1467-9248.12130&rft.issn=0032-3217&rft.aulast=Webb&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.au=Bale%2C+Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.sagepub.com%2Fdoi%2F10.1111%2F1467-9248.12130&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFordGoodwinCutts2012" class="citation journal cs1">Ford, Robert; Goodwin, Matthew J.; Cutts, David (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ejpr.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1475-6765.2011.01994.x">"Strategic Eurosceptics and polite xenophobes: Support for the United Kingdom Independence Party (UKIP) in the 2009 European Parliament elections"</a>. European Journal of Political Research. 51 (2): 204–234. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doi_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1111%252Fj.1475-6765.2011.01994.x">10.1111/j.1475-6765.2011.01994.x</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0304-4130">0304-4130</a>. <q>The more strident Euroscepticism of the Conservative Party under David Cameron, who has withdrawn the party from the pro-integration European People's Party, appointed the strongly Eurosceptic William Hague as foreign secretary and at the 2010 general election ﬁelded the most Eurosceptic slate of Westminster candidates in recent history, suggest the centre-right Tories have recognised the discontent among strategic UKIP supporters and are attempting to win them back.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Political+Research&rft.atitle=Strategic+Eurosceptics+and+polite+xenophobes%3A+Support+for+the+United+Kingdom+Independence+Party+%28UKIP%29+in+the+2009+European+Parliament+elections&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=204-234&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1475-6765.2011.01994.x&rft.issn=0304-4130&rft.aulast=Ford&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.au=Goodwin%2C+Matthew+J.&rft.au=Cutts%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fejpr.onlinelibrary.wiley.com%2Fdoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1475-6765.2011.01994.x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarterPearson2022" class="citation journal cs1">Carter, Neil; Pearson, Mitya (22 November 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9684876">"From green crap to net zero: Conservative climate policy 2015–2022"</a>. British Politics. 19: 154–174. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doi_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1057%252Fs41293-022-00222-x">10.1057/s41293-022-00222-x</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1746-918X">1746-918X</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/PMC_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9684876">9684876</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/PMID_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38625241">38625241</a>. <q>European centre-right parties often face common strategic challenges, such as competition from the radical right, but the UK Conservative Party case study shows that responding to these challenges does not necessarily demand the abandonment of climate commitments.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=British+Politics&rft.atitle=From+green+crap+to+net+zero%3A+Conservative+climate+policy+2015%E2%80%932022&rft.volume=19&rft.pages=154-174&rft.date=2022-11-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9684876%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=1746-918X&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F38625241&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1057%2Fs41293-022-00222-x&rft.aulast=Carter&rft.aufirst=Neil&rft.au=Pearson%2C+Mitya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9684876&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvansde_GeusGreen2023" class="citation journal cs1">Evans, Geoffrey; de Geus, Roosmarijn; Green, Jane (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/00323217211051191">"Boris Johnson to the Rescue? How the Conservatives Won the Radical-Right Vote in the 2019 General Election"</a>. Political Studies. 71 (4): 984–1005. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doi_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1177%252F00323217211051191">10.1177/00323217211051191</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0032-3217">0032-3217</a>. <q>...By the 2019 election, however, support for UKIP and its successor anti-EU party, the Brexit Party, was effectively ended, at least for the time being. The primary beneficiaries of this electoral elimination were the Conservative Party – the mainstream centre–right party.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Political+Studies&rft.atitle=Boris+Johnson+to+the+Rescue%3F+How+the+Conservatives+Won+the+Radical-Right+Vote+in+the+2019+General+Election&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=984-1005&rft.date=2023&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F00323217211051191&rft.issn=0032-3217&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&rft.au=de+Geus%2C+Roosmarijn&rft.au=Green%2C+Jane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.sagepub.com%2Fdoi%2F10.1177%2F00323217211051191&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbou-ChadiCohenWagner2021" class="citation journal cs1">Abou-Chadi, Tarik; Cohen, Denis; Wagner, Markus (2021). "The centre-right versus the radical right: the role of migration issues and economic grievances". Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies. 48 (2): 366–384. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doi_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1080%252F1369183X.2020.1853903">10.1080/1369183X.2020.1853903</a>. <q>Specifically, the centre-right contains Christian Democratic parties such as the German CDU, Conservative parties such as the British Tories or the French Gaullists, and classically Liberal parties such as Venstre in Denmark or the VVD in the Netherlands.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Ethnic+and+Migration+Studies&rft.atitle=The+centre-right+versus+the+radical+right%3A+the+role+of+migration+issues+and+economic+grievances&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=366-384&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F1369183X.2020.1853903&rft.aulast=Abou-Chadi&rft.aufirst=Tarik&rft.au=Cohen%2C+Denis&rft.au=Wagner%2C+Markus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKennyMiller2020" class="citation journal cs1">Kenny, Paul D; Miller, Charles (2020). "Does asylum seeker immigration increase support for the far right? Evidence from the United Kingdom, 2000–2015". Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies. 48 (7): 1629–1646. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doi_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1080%252F1369183X.2020.1776596">10.1080/1369183X.2020.1776596</a>. <q>Although more moderate than either the BNP or UKIP, the center-right Conservative Party has been consistently more restrictive on immigration than other mainstream parties, namely the Labour Party and the Liberal Democrats.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Ethnic+and+Migration+Studies&rft.atitle=Does+asylum+seeker+immigration+increase+support+for+the+far+right%3F+Evidence+from+the+United+Kingdom%2C+2000%E2%80%932015&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=1629-1646&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F1369183X.2020.1776596&rft.aulast=Kenny&rft.aufirst=Paul+D&rft.au=Miller%2C+Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-inac-38"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-inac_38-0">^</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-30">[30]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-31">[31]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-32">[32]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-33">[33]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-34">[34]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-35">[35]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-36">[36]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-37">[37]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Reuters,_October_2019-12">[12]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-VrHo21-13">[13]</a></li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHartley-Brewer2000" class="citation web cs1">Hartley-Brewer, Julia (25 July 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2000/jul/25/qanda.rostaylor">"Section 28"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210211025708/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2000/jul/25/qanda.rostaylor">Archived</a> from the original on 11 February 2021. Retrieved 19 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Section+28&rft.date=2000-07-25&rft.aulast=Hartley-Brewer&rft.aufirst=Julia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2000%2Fjul%2F25%2Fqanda.rostaylor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpecial2020" class="citation news cs1">Special, Keep Sunday (12 June 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.conservativehome.com/sponsored/2020/06/keep-sunday-special-why-sunday-trading-regulations-need-to-stay.html">"Keep Sunday Special: Why Sunday trading regulations need to stay"</a>. Conservative Home. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205151130/https://www.conservativehome.com/sponsored/2020/06/keep-sunday-special-why-sunday-trading-regulations-need-to-stay.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 December 2020. Retrieved 3 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Conservative+Home&rft.atitle=Keep+Sunday+Special%3A+Why+Sunday+trading+regulations+need+to+stay&rft.date=2020-06-12&rft.aulast=Special&rft.aufirst=Keep+Sunday&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservativehome.com%2Fsponsored%2F2020%2F06%2Fkeep-sunday-special-why-sunday-trading-regulations-need-to-stay.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bennettinstitute.cam.ac.uk/blog/urban-rural-divide/">"Europe-wide political divide emerging between cities and countryside – study"</a>. Bennett Institute for Public Policy. 16 August 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20220428200055/https://www.bennettinstitute.cam.ac.uk/blog/urban-rural-divide/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 April 2022. Retrieved 2 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bennett+Institute+for+Public+Policy&rft.atitle=Europe-wide+political+divide+emerging+between+cities+and+countryside+%E2%80%93+study&rft.date=2021-08-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bennettinstitute.cam.ac.uk%2Fblog%2Furban-rural-divide%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://theconversation.com/amp/why-the-uk-has-no-clear-party-of-business-128437">"Why the UK has no clear party of business"</a>. theconversation.com. 10 December 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20220602051802/https://theconversation.com/amp/why-the-uk-has-no-clear-party-of-business-128437">Archived</a> from the original on 2 June 2022. Retrieved 2 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=theconversation.com&rft.atitle=Why+the+UK+has+no+clear+party+of+business&rft.date=2019-12-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheconversation.com%2Famp%2Fwhy-the-uk-has-no-clear-party-of-business-128437&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.newstatesman.com/politics/uk-politics/2021/05/how-tory-dominance-built-home-ownership">"How Tory dominance is built on home ownership"</a>. New Statesman. 12 May 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20220511173724/https://www.newstatesman.com/politics/uk-politics/2021/05/how-tory-dominance-built-home-ownership">Archived</a> from the original on 11 May 2022. Retrieved 2 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Statesman&rft.atitle=How+Tory+dominance+is+built+on+home+ownership&rft.date=2021-05-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newstatesman.com%2Fpolitics%2Fuk-politics%2F2021%2F05%2Fhow-tory-dominance-built-home-ownership&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://amp.theguardian.com/society/2021/jul/12/tories-have-unhealthy-financial-reliance-on-property-developers-says-report">"Tories have unhealthy financial reliance on property developers, says report | Housing"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20220602051800/https://amp.theguardian.com/society/2021/jul/12/tories-have-unhealthy-financial-reliance-on-property-developers-says-report">Archived</a> from the original on 2 June 2022. Retrieved 2 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Tories+have+unhealthy+financial+reliance+on+property+developers%2C+says+report+%7C+Housing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famp.theguardian.com%2Fsociety%2F2021%2Fjul%2F12%2Ftories-have-unhealthy-financial-reliance-on-property-developers-says-report&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/conservative-donations-developers-angela-rayner-b1893724.html">"Conservatives 'receive donations worth £17,500 a day from developers'"</a>. The Independent. 30 July 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20220602051800/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/conservative-donations-developers-angela-rayner-b1893724.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 June 2022. Retrieved 2 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Conservatives+%27receive+donations+worth+%C2%A317%2C500+a+day+from+developers%27&rft.date=2021-07-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fpolitics%2Fconservative-donations-developers-angela-rayner-b1893724.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-61443452">"Why some farmers are turning away from the Tories"</a>. BBC News. 25 May 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20221025155238/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-61443452">Archived</a> from the original on 25 October 2022. Retrieved 25 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Why+some+farmers+are+turning+away+from+the+Tories&rft.date=2022-05-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-politics-61443452&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-The_Independent-47">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-The_Independent_47-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-The_Independent_47-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/election-results-working-class-age-tories-labour-boris-johnson-yougov-a9249936.html">"Tories won more working class votes than Labour amid stark generation gap at general election, poll suggests"</a>. The Independent. 17 December 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200816084901/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/election-results-working-class-age-tories-labour-boris-johnson-yougov-a9249936.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 August 2020. Retrieved 21 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Tories+won+more+working+class+votes+than+Labour+amid+stark+generation+gap+at+general+election%2C+poll+suggests&rft.date=2019-12-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fpolitics%2Felection-results-working-class-age-tories-labour-boris-johnson-yougov-a9249936.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Mueller-48">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Mueller_48-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Mueller_48-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMueller2019" class="citation news cs1">Mueller, Benjamin (13 December 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/13/world/europe/uk-election-labour-redwall.html">"How Labour's Working-Class Vote Crumbled and Its Nemesis Won the North"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928043756/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/13/world/europe/uk-election-labour-redwall.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 September 2020. Retrieved 21 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=How+Labour%27s+Working-Class+Vote+Crumbled+and+Its+Nemesis+Won+the+North&rft.date=2019-12-13&rft.aulast=Mueller&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2019%2F12%2F13%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fuk-election-labour-redwall.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarcha2021" class="citation web cs1">Garcha, Ciara (3 April 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.cherwell.org/2021/04/03/the-conservatives-attack-on-the-echr-a-long-time-coming/">"The Conservatives' attack on the ECHR: A Long Time Coming"</a>. Cherwell. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20211223104944/https://cherwell.org/2021/04/03/the-conservatives-attack-on-the-echr-a-long-time-coming/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 December 2021. Retrieved 31 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cherwell&rft.atitle=The+Conservatives%27+attack+on+the+ECHR%3A+A+Long+Time+Coming&rft.date=2021-04-03&rft.aulast=Garcha&rft.aufirst=Ciara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cherwell.org%2F2021%2F04%2F03%2Fthe-conservatives-attack-on-the-echr-a-long-time-coming%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.independent.co.uk/independentpremium/long-reads/johnson-conservatives-party-working-class-b1841422.html">"How the Tories became the party of the working class"</a>. The Independent. 22 October 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20220602051804/https://www.independent.co.uk/independentpremium/long-reads/johnson-conservatives-party-working-class-b1841422.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 June 2022. Retrieved 2 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=How+the+Tories+became+the+party+of+the+working+class&rft.date=2021-10-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Findependentpremium%2Flong-reads%2Fjohnson-conservatives-party-working-class-b1841422.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteve_Coulter2011" class="citation web cs1">Steve Coulter (10 April 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/politicsandpolicy/book-review-the-conservative-party-from-thatcher-to-cameron/">"Book Review: The Conservative Party from Thatcher to Cameron"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815212248/http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/politicsandpolicy/book-review-the-conservative-party-from-thatcher-to-cameron/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 August 2016. Retrieved 8 July 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Book+Review%3A+The+Conservative+Party+from+Thatcher+to+Cameron&rft.date=2011-04-10&rft.au=Steve+Coulter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.lse.ac.uk%2Fpoliticsandpolicy%2Fbook-review-the-conservative-party-from-thatcher-to-cameron%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhilip_Johnston2016" class="citation news cs1">Philip Johnston (19 April 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/04/19/the-conservative-party-may-be-destroyed-by-this-european-madness/">"The Conservative Party may be destroyed by this European madness"</a>. The Daily Telegraph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160623063607/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/04/19/the-conservative-party-may-be-destroyed-by-this-european-madness/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 June 2016. Retrieved 8 July 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=The+Conservative+Party+may+be+destroyed+by+this+European+madness&rft.date=2016-04-19&rft.au=Philip+Johnston&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2F2016%2F04%2F19%2Fthe-conservative-party-may-be-destroyed-by-this-european-madness%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrew_Gimson2017" class="citation web cs1">Andrew Gimson (15 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.newstatesman.com/politics/elections/2017/05/why-tories-keep-winning">"Why the Tories keep winning"</a>. New Statesman. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018071809/https://www.newstatesman.com/politics/elections/2017/05/why-tories-keep-winning">Archived</a> from the original on 18 October 2017. Retrieved 18 October 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Statesman&rft.atitle=Why+the+Tories+keep+winning&rft.date=2017-05-15&rft.au=Andrew+Gimson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newstatesman.com%2Fpolitics%2Felections%2F2017%2F05%2Fwhy-tories-keep-winning&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://newrepublic.com/article/161328/successful-political-party-world-tories-conservatives-britain-boris-johnson">"The Sordid Story of the Most Successful Political Party in the World"</a>. The New Republic. 23 February 2021. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0028-6583">0028-6583</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002220321/https://newrepublic.com/article/161328/successful-political-party-world-tories-conservatives-britain-boris-johnson">Archived</a> from the original on 2 October 2023. Retrieved 21 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Republic&rft.atitle=The+Sordid+Story+of+the+Most+Successful+Political+Party+in+the+World&rft.date=2021-02-23&rft.issn=0028-6583&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewrepublic.com%2Farticle%2F161328%2Fsuccessful-political-party-world-tories-conservatives-britain-boris-johnson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-James-2023-55"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-James-2023_55-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJamesMiddletonDalton2023" class="citation web cs1">James, Liam; Middleton, Joe; Dalton, Jane (11 January 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/boris-johnson-controversies-timeline-why-resign-b2260174.html">"Boris Johnson's biggest scandals: a timeline"</a>. The Independent. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240704210525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/boris-johnson-controversies-timeline-why-resign-b2260174.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 July 2024. Retrieved 30 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Boris+Johnson%27s+biggest+scandals%3A+a+timeline&rft.date=2023-01-11&rft.aulast=James&rft.aufirst=Liam&rft.au=Middleton%2C+Joe&rft.au=Dalton%2C+Jane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fpolitics%2Fboris-johnson-controversies-timeline-why-resign-b2260174.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-56">^</a> Robert Blake, The Conservative Party from Peel to Major (1997) p. 4</li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWebster1998" class="citation cs2">Webster (1998), "Tory", New World Dictionary & Thesaurus (2.0 for PC ed.)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Tory&rft.btitle=New+World+Dictionary+%26+Thesaurus&rft.edition=2.0+for+PC&rft.date=1998&rft.au=Webster&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">"Tory", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923174521/http://www.answers.com/main/ntquery?s%3DTory%26gwp%3D16">Answers</a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.answers.com/main/ntquery?s%3DTory%26gwp%3D16">the original</a> on 23 September 2015, retrieved 3 January 2024</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Tory&rft.btitle=Answers&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.answers.com%2Fmain%2Fntquery%3Fs%3DTory%26gwp%3D16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSafire2008" class="citation book cs1">Safire, William (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3Dc4UoX6-Sv1AC%26pg%3DPA144">Safire's Political Dictionary</a>. Oxford University Press. p. 144. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0195343342?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-0195343342"><bdi>978-0195343342</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20170330130525/https://books.google.com/books?id%3Dc4UoX6-Sv1AC%26pg%3DPA144">Archived</a> from the original on 30 March 2017. 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"Unionism and Tariff Reform: The Crisis of 1906". Historical Journal. 5 (2): 149–166. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doi_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1017%252FS0018246X00000170">10.1017/S0018246X00000170</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:155026903">155026903</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Historical+Journal&rft.atitle=Unionism+and+Tariff+Reform%3A+The+Crisis+of+1906&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=149-166&rft.date=1962&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0018246X00000170&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A155026903%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Fraser&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEnsor" class="citation book cs1">Ensor, R. C. K. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408081229/https://www.questia.com/library/1401979/england-1870-1914">England, 1870–1914</a>. pp. 373–428. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.questia.com/library/1401979/england-1870-1914">the original</a> on 8 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=England%2C+1870%E2%80%931914&rft.pages=373-428&rft.aulast=Ensor&rft.aufirst=R.+C.+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.questia.com%2Flibrary%2F1401979%2Fengland-1870-1914&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlewett1972" class="citation book cs1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Neal_Blewett?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Neal Blewett">Blewett, Neal</a> (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/peerspartiespeop0000blew/page/n5/mode/2up">The Peers, the Parties and the People: The British General Elections of 1910</a>. Toronto and Buffalo: University of Toronto Press. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8020-1838-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/0-8020-1838-6"><bdi>0-8020-1838-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Peers%2C+the+Parties+and+the+People%3A+The+British+General+Elections+of+1910&rft.place=Toronto+and+Buffalo&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=0-8020-1838-6&rft.aulast=Blewett&rft.aufirst=Neal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpeerspartiespeop0000blew%2Fpage%2Fn5%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPadmanabhan2015" class="citation web cs1">Padmanabhan, Leala (8 April 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20190220003436/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-30899534">"'Conservative' or 'Tory': What's in a name?"</a>. BBC News. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-30899534">the original</a> on 20 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=%27Conservative%27+or+%27Tory%27%3A+What%27s+in+a+name%3F&rft.date=2015-04-08&rft.aulast=Padmanabhan&rft.aufirst=Leala&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-politics-30899534&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Conservative_Party_Archive_Trust2009" class="citation web cs1">The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_Archive?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Conservative Party Archive">Conservative Party Archive</a> Trust (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009073843/http://www.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/94891/CPA-guide-high-res-version.pdf">"Guide to the Conservative Party Archive"</a> (PDF). <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bodleian_Library?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bodleian Library">Bodleian Library</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/94891/CPA-guide-high-res-version.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 9 October 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Guide+to+the+Conservative+Party+Archive&rft.pub=Bodleian+Library&rft.date=2009&rft.au=The+Conservative+Party+Archive+Trust&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bodleian.ox.ac.uk%2F__data%2Fassets%2Fpdf_file%2F0004%2F94891%2FCPA-guide-high-res-version.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoodlad1998" class="citation journal cs1">Goodlad, Graham D. 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Marriott, Modern England, 1885–1945 (4th ed. 1949) pp 375–432 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.54679">online free</a></li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeohane2010" class="citation book cs1">Keohane, Nigel (2010). The Party of Patriotism: The Conservative Party and the First World War. Ashgate.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Party+of+Patriotism%3A+The+Conservative+Party+and+the+First+World+War&rft.pub=Ashgate&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Keohane&rft.aufirst=Nigel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJarvis1992" class="citation journal cs1">Jarvis, David (1992). "Mrs. Maggs and Betty: The Conservative Appeal to Women Voters in the 1920s". Twentieth Century British History. 5 (2): 129–52. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doi_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1093%252Ftcbh%252F5.2.129">10.1093/tcbh/5.2.129</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Twentieth+Century+British+History&rft.atitle=Mrs.+Maggs+and+Betty%3A+The+Conservative+Appeal+to+Women+Voters+in+the+1920s&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=129-52&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Ftcbh%2F5.2.129&rft.aulast=Jarvis&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Vernon_Bogdanor,_Multi-Party_Politics_and_the_Constitution-71">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Vernon_Bogdanor,_Multi-Party_Politics_and_the_Constitution_71-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Vernon_Bogdanor,_Multi-Party_Politics_and_the_Constitution_71-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBogdanor1983" class="citation book cs1">Bogdanor, Vernon (1983). Multi-Party Politics and the Constitution. Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Multi-Party+Politics+and+the+Constitution&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1983&rft.aulast=Bogdanor&rft.aufirst=Vernon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-72">^</a> Marriott, Modern England, 1885–1945 (4th ed. 1949) pp 504–66. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.54679">online free</a></li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-73">^</a> Alfred F. Havighurst, Modern England, 1901–1984 (2nd ed. 1987) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/modernengland19000havi">online free to borrow</a></li> <li id="cite_note-Matthew_Francis_2011-74">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Matthew_Francis_2011_74-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Matthew_Francis_2011_74-1">b</a> Matthew Francis, "A Crusade to Enfranchise the Many': Thatcherism and the 'Property-Owning Democracy." Twentieth Century British History (2011)</li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-75">^</a> Zweiniger-Bargileowska, Ina. "Rationing, austerity and the Conservative party recovery after 1945." Historical Journal (1994) 37#1 pp. 173–97.</li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKynaston,_David2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/David_Kynaston?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="David Kynaston">Kynaston, David</a> (2007). Austerity Britain: 1945–1951. London: Bloomsbury. pp. 238–41. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7475-7985-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7475-7985-4"><bdi>978-0-7475-7985-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Austerity+Britain%3A+1945%E2%80%931951&rft.place=London&rft.pages=238-41&rft.pub=Bloomsbury&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-7475-7985-4&rft.au=Kynaston%2C+David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-77">^</a> Dutton, D. J. (2004). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/33301">Fyfe, David Patrick Maxwell, Earl of Kilmuir (1900–1967)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160206011849/http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/33301">Archived</a> 6 February 2016 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a>, Oxford University Press. Retrieved 4 August 2007 (subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe%23public">UK public library membership</a> required)</li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-78">^</a> Blake, Robert. The Conservative Party from Peel to Major (1997) pp. 260–64.</li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-79">^</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Toye,_Richard?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Toye, Richard">Toye, Richard</a>. "From 'Consensus' to 'Common Ground': The Rhetoric of the Postwar Settlement and its Collapse," Journal of Contemporary History (2013) 48#1 pp. 3–23.</li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-80">^</a> The Economist, 'Mr Butskell's Dilemma', 13 February 1954.</li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorgan,_Kenneth_O.2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kenneth_O._Morgan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kenneth O. Morgan">Morgan, Kenneth O.</a> (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DtKwGaWWKzNAC%26pg%3DPA114">Britain Since 1945: The People's Peace: The People's Peace</a>. Oxford UP. pp. 114–15. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780191587993?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/9780191587993"><bdi>9780191587993</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101200045/https://books.google.com/books?id%3DtKwGaWWKzNAC%26pg%3DPA114">Archived</a> from the original on 1 January 2016. Retrieved 25 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Britain+Since+1945%3A+The+People%27s+Peace%3A+The+People%27s+Peace&rft.pages=114-15&rft.pub=Oxford+UP&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9780191587993&rft.au=Morgan%2C+Kenneth+O.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtKwGaWWKzNAC%26pg%3DPA114&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-82">^</a> The Labour Party in Crisis by Paul Whiteley</li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-83">^</a> Thorpe, D.R. (2010). Supermac.</li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.gov.uk/government/history/past-prime-ministers/alec-douglas-home">"History of Sir Alec Douglas"</a>. Inside Government. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20180108014311/https://www.gov.uk/government/history/past-prime-ministers/alec-douglas-home">Archived</a> from the original on 8 January 2018. Retrieved 18 June 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+Sir+Alec+Douglas&rft.pub=Inside+Government&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fhistory%2Fpast-prime-ministers%2Falec-douglas-home&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/july/27/newsid_2956000/2956082.stm">"On This Day 1965: Heath is new Tory leader"</a>. BBC News. 27 July 1996. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20121127031248/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/july/27/newsid_2956000/2956082.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 27 November 2012. Retrieved 18 June 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=On+This+Day+1965%3A+Heath+is+new+Tory+leader&rft.date=1996-07-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fonthisday%2Fhi%2Fdates%2Fstories%2Fjuly%2F27%2Fnewsid_2956000%2F2956082.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/vote_2005/basics/4393297.stm">"1970: Heath's surprise victory"</a>. BBC News. 5 April 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20090422054124/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/vote_2005/basics/4393297.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 22 April 2009. Retrieved 1 April 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=1970%3A+Heath%27s+surprise+victory&rft.date=2005-04-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fuk_politics%2Fvote_2005%2Fbasics%2F4393297.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/vote_2005/basics/4393307.stm">"1974 Oct : Wilson makes it four"</a>. BBC News. 5 April 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20090422042401/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/vote_2005/basics/4393307.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 22 April 2009. Retrieved 1 April 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=1974+Oct+%3A+Wilson+makes+it+four&rft.date=2005-04-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fuk_politics%2Fvote_2005%2Fbasics%2F4393307.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-88">^</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/David_Butler_(psephologist)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="David Butler (psephologist)">David Butler</a> and Dennis Kavanagh, "The British General Election of 1979", Macmillan, 1979, p. 154.</li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-89">^</a> David Dutton, British Politics Since 1945: The Rise, Fall and Rebirth of Consensus (2nd ed. Blackwell, 1997).</li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-90">^</a> Aled Davies, "'Right to Buy': The Development of a Conservative Housing Policy, 1945–1980." Contemporary British History 27.4 (2013): 421–44.</li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283171436">"Stephen Farrall, et al. "Thatcherite Ideology, Housing Tenure, and Crime: The Socio-Spatial Consequences of the Right to Buy for Domestic Property Crime." British Journal of Criminology (2015)"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104002256/https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Will_Jennings2/publication/283171436_Thatcherite_Ideology_Housing_Tenure_and_Crime_The_Socio-Spatial_Consequences_of_the_Right_to_Buy_for_Domestic_Property_Crime/links/5643f42008aef646e6ca1355.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 4 November 2016. Retrieved 3 November 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Stephen+Farrall%2C+et+al.+%22Thatcherite+Ideology%2C+Housing+Tenure%2C+and+Crime%3A+The+Socio-Spatial+Consequences+of+the+Right+to+Buy+for+Domestic+Property+Crime.%22+British+Journal+of+Criminology+%282015%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F283171436&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-news.bbc.co.uk-92">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-news.bbc.co.uk_92-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-news.bbc.co.uk_92-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/vote_2005/basics/4393313.stm">"1983: Thatcher triumphs again"</a>. BBC News. 5 April 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20090422033837/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/vote_2005/basics/4393313.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 22 April 2009. Retrieved 1 April 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=1983%3A+Thatcher+triumphs+again&rft.date=2005-04-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fuk_politics%2Fvote_2005%2Fbasics%2F4393313.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStephanie_Flanders" class="citation news cs1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stephanie_Flanders?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stephanie Flanders">Stephanie Flanders</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/newsnight/4803858.stm">"Were 364 economists all wrong?"</a>. BBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210929054132/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/newsnight/4803858.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 29 September 2021. Retrieved 13 January 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Were+364+economists+all+wrong%3F&rft.au=Stephanie+Flanders&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fprogrammes%2Fnewsnight%2F4803858.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOffice_for_National_Statistics2015" class="citation web cs1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Office_for_National_Statistics?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Office for National Statistics">Office for National Statistics</a> (13 January 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/datasets-and-tables/data-selector.html?cdid%3DCZBI%26dataset%3Dmm23%26table-id%3D2.2">"Consumer Price Indices – RPI annual percentage change: 1948 to 2014"</a>. UK Government. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213013820/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/datasets-and-tables/data-selector.html?cdid%3DCZBI%26dataset%3Dmm23%26table-id%3D2.2">Archived</a> from the original on 13 February 2015. Retrieved 13 January 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Consumer+Price+Indices+%E2%80%93+RPI+annual+percentage+change%3A+1948+to+2014&rft.pub=UK+Government&rft.date=2015-01-13&rft.au=Office+for+National+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ons.gov.uk%2Fons%2Fdatasets-and-tables%2Fdata-selector.html%3Fcdid%3DCZBI%26dataset%3Dmm23%26table-id%3D2.2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/vote_2005/basics/4393315.stm">"1987: Thatcher's third victory"</a>. BBC News. 5 April 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20090422033842/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/vote_2005/basics/4393315.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 22 April 2009. Retrieved 1 April 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=1987%3A+Thatcher%27s+third+victory&rft.date=2005-04-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fuk_politics%2Fvote_2005%2Fbasics%2F4393315.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/november/22/newsid_2549000/2549189.stm">"On This Day 1990: Thatcher quits as prime minister"</a>. BBC News. 22 November 1990. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080307114202/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/november/22/newsid_2549000/2549189.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 7 March 2008. Retrieved 1 April 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=On+This+Day+1990%3A+Thatcher+quits+as+prime+minister&rft.date=1990-11-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fonthisday%2Fhi%2Fdates%2Fstories%2Fnovember%2F22%2Fnewsid_2549000%2F2549189.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/november/27/newsid_2528000/2528847.stm">"1990: Tories choose Major for Number 10"</a>. BBC On This Day. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080307114011/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/november/27/newsid_2528000/2528847.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 7 March 2008. Retrieved 11 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=1990%3A+Tories+choose+Major+for+Number+10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fonthisday%2Fhi%2Fdates%2Fstories%2Fnovember%2F27%2Fnewsid_2528000%2F2528847.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-1992GE-98"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1992GE_98-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/vote_2005/basics/4393317.stm">"1992: Tories win again against odds"</a>. BBC News. 5 April 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20090422045259/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/vote_2005/basics/4393317.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 22 April 2009. Retrieved 1 April 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=1992%3A+Tories+win+again+against+odds&rft.date=2005-04-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fuk_politics%2Fvote_2005%2Fbasics%2F4393317.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnthony_Heath,_Roger_Jowell_and_John_Curtice1994" class="citation news cs1">Anthony Heath, Roger Jowell and John Curtice (29 May 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/exclusive-how-did-labour-lose-in-92-the-most-authoritative-study-of-the-last-general-election-is-published-tomorrow-here-its-authors-present-their-conclusions-and-explode-the-myths-about-the-greatest-upset-since-1945-1439286.html">"Exclusive: How did Labour lose in '92?: The most authoritative study of the last general election is published tomorrow. Here, its authors present their conclusions and explode the myths about the greatest upset since 1945"</a>. The Independent. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20150914014804/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/exclusive-how-did-labour-lose-in-92-the-most-authoritative-study-of-the-last-general-election-is-published-tomorrow-here-its-authors-present-their-conclusions-and-explode-the-myths-about-the-greatest-upset-since-1945-1439286.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 September 2015. Retrieved 11 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Exclusive%3A+How+did+Labour+lose+in+%2792%3F%3A+The+most+authoritative+study+of+the+last+general+election+is+published+tomorrow.+Here%2C+its+authors+present+their+conclusions+and+explode+the+myths+about+the+greatest+upset+since+1945&rft.date=1994-05-29&rft.au=Anthony+Heath%2C+Roger+Jowell+and+John+Curtice&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fexclusive-how-did-labour-lose-in-92-the-most-authoritative-study-of-the-last-general-election-is-published-tomorrow-here-its-authors-present-their-conclusions-and-explode-the-myths-about-the-greatest-upset-since-1945-1439286.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/special/politics97/background/pastelec/92keyiss.htm">"Key Issues in the 1992 Campaign"</a>. BBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230914194203/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/special/politics97/background/pastelec/92keyiss.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 14 September 2023. Retrieved 11 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Key+Issues+in+the+1992+Campaign&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fspecial%2Fpolitics97%2Fbackground%2Fpastelec%2F92keyiss.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-101">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.parliament.uk/globalassets/documents/commons-information-office/m13.pdf">"General Election Results, 9 April 1992 (PDF)"</a> (PDF). UK Parliament. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114185026/https://www.parliament.uk/globalassets/documents/commons-information-office/m13.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 14 November 2020. Retrieved 11 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=General+Election+Results%2C+9+April+1992+%28PDF%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.uk%2Fglobalassets%2Fdocuments%2Fcommons-information-office%2Fm13.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-102">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/september/16/newsid_2519000/2519013.stm">"1992: UK crashes out of ERM"</a>. BBC On This Day. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613130202/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/september/16/newsid_2519000/2519013.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 13 June 2021. Retrieved 11 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=1992%3A+UK+crashes+out+of+ERM&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fonthisday%2Fhi%2Fdates%2Fstories%2Fseptember%2F16%2Fnewsid_2519000%2F2519013.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-:2-103">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:2_103-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:2_103-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://johnmajorarchive.org.uk/1993/04/22/mr-majors-comments-on-the-economy-i-22-april-1993/">"Mr Major's Comments on the Economy (I) – 22 April 1993 – The Rt. Hon. Sir John Major KG CH"</a>. 22 April 1993. Retrieved 21 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mr+Major%27s+Comments+on+the+Economy+%28I%29+%E2%80%93+22+April+1993+%E2%80%93+The+Rt.+Hon.+Sir+John+Major+KG+CH&rft.date=1993-04-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjohnmajorarchive.org.uk%2F1993%2F04%2F22%2Fmr-majors-comments-on-the-economy-i-22-april-1993%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-104">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/april/26/newsid_2503000/2503271.stm">"1993: Recession over – it's official"</a>. BBC News. 26 April 1993. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100916043238/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/april/26/newsid_2503000/2503271.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 16 September 2010. Retrieved 1 April 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=1993%3A+Recession+over+%E2%80%93+it%27s+official&rft.date=1993-04-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fonthisday%2Fhi%2Fdates%2Fstories%2Fapril%2F26%2Fnewsid_2503000%2F2503271.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFW" class="citation web cs1">W, Tony Blair, Cameron, Gordon Brown, Labour Party, Margaret Thatcher, John Major, John Redwood, Kenneth Clarke, Diana, Princess of Wales, George. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://slideplayer.com/slide/14043750/">"Lecture 5 The Blair Revolution ppt download"</a>. slideplayer.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20211108140520/https://slideplayer.com/slide/14043750/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 November 2021. Retrieved 25 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=slideplayer.com&rft.atitle=Lecture+5+The+Blair+Revolution+ppt+download&rft.aulast=W&rft.aufirst=Tony+Blair%2C+Cameron%2C+Gordon+Brown%2C+Labour+Party%2C+Margaret+Thatcher%2C+John+Major%2C+John+Redwood%2C+Kenneth+Clarke%2C+Diana%2C+Princess+of+Wales%2C+George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fslideplayer.com%2Fslide%2F14043750%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:Cite_web?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-106">^</a> The Conservative Party – From Thatcher to Cameron</li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated2-107">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-autogenerated2_107-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-autogenerated2_107-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/8280050.stm">"Poll tracker: Interactive guide to the opinion polls"</a>. BBC News. 29 September 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20091217050955/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/8280050.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 17 December 2009. Retrieved 1 April 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Poll+tracker%3A+Interactive+guide+to+the+opinion+polls&rft.date=2009-09-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fuk_politics%2F8280050.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-1997OTD-108">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1997OTD_108-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1997OTD_108-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/may/2/newsid_2480000/2480505.stm">"1997: Labour routs Tories in historic election"</a>. BBC – On This Day. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080307132847/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/may/2/newsid_2480000/2480505.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 7 March 2008. Retrieved 15 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=1997%3A+Labour+routs+Tories+in+historic+election&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fonthisday%2Fhi%2Fdates%2Fstories%2Fmay%2F2%2Fnewsid_2480000%2F2480505.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/static/vote2001/results_constituencies/default.stm">"BBC Vote 2001 – Results & Constituencies"</a>. BBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080407095626/http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/static/vote2001/results_constituencies/default.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 7 April 2008. Retrieved 15 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=BBC+Vote+2001+%E2%80%93+Results+%26+Constituencies&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fhi%2Fenglish%2Fstatic%2Fvote2001%2Fresults_constituencies%2Fdefault.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNick_Assinder2000" class="citation news cs1">Nick Assinder (1 October 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/uk_politics/2000/conferences/conservatives/951134.stm">"Hague: All to play for"</a>. BBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230816144009/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/uk_politics/2000/conferences/conservatives/951134.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 16 August 2023. Retrieved 16 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Hague%3A+All+to+play+for&rft.date=2000-10-01&rft.au=Nick+Assinder&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fin_depth%2Fuk_politics%2F2000%2Fconferences%2Fconservatives%2F951134.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNyta_Mann2001" class="citation news cs1">Nyta Mann (13 September 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/1534417.stm">"Rebel's rise to the top"</a>. BBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230816144007/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/1534417.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 16 August 2023. Retrieved 16 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Rebel%27s+rise+to+the+top&rft.date=2001-09-13&rft.au=Nyta+Mann&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fuk_politics%2F1534417.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/40039718.pdf">"The Parliamentary Conservative Party: The leadership elections of William Hague and Iain Duncan Smith"</a> (PDF). University of Huddersfield. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240301070230/https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/40039718.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 1 March 2024. Retrieved 20 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=University+of+Huddersfield&rft.atitle=The+Parliamentary+Conservative+Party%3A+The+leadership+elections+of+William+Hague+and+Iain+Duncan+Smith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcore.ac.uk%2Fdownload%2Fpdf%2F40039718.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/3225127.stm">"Tory leader ousted"</a>. BBC News. 29 October 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20170822141536/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/3225127.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 22 August 2017. Retrieved 16 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Tory+leader+ousted&rft.date=2003-10-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fuk_politics%2F3225127.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatthew_Tempest2003" class="citation news cs1">Matthew Tempest (6 November 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2003/nov/06/conservatives.uk2">"Howard wins Tory leadership by default"</a>. The Guardian. Retrieved 15 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Howard+wins+Tory+leadership+by+default&rft.date=2003-11-06&rft.au=Matthew+Tempest&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fpolitics%2F2003%2Fnov%2F06%2Fconservatives.uk2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ukpolitical.info/2005.htm">"2005 General election results summary"</a>. UK Political Info. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120223235535/http://www.ukpolitical.info/2005.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 23 February 2012. Retrieved 30 January 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UK+Political+Info&rft.atitle=2005+General+election+results+summary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ukpolitical.info%2F2005.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatthew_Tempest2005" class="citation news cs1">Matthew Tempest (6 December 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2005/dec/06/toryleadership2005.conservatives2">"Tories crown Cameron their new leader"</a>. The Guardian. Retrieved 15 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Tories+crown+Cameron+their+new+leader&rft.date=2005-12-06&rft.au=Matthew+Tempest&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fpolitics%2F2005%2Fdec%2F06%2Ftoryleadership2005.conservatives2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Cameron-speech-117"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Cameron-speech_117-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2005/dec/06/toryleadership2005.conservatives3">"Full text of David Cameron's victory speech"</a>. The Guardian. London. 12 June 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20140112141018/http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2005/dec/06/toryleadership2005.conservatives3">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2014. Retrieved 20 April 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Full+text+of+David+Cameron%27s+victory+speech&rft.date=2005-06-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fpolitics%2F2005%2Fdec%2F06%2Ftoryleadership2005.conservatives3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWheeler2009" class="citation news cs1">Wheeler, Brian (3 July 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/8131792.stm">"Minister in Tory homophobia claim"</a>. BBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20211108140640/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/8131792.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 8 November 2021. Retrieved 7 July 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Minister+in+Tory+homophobia+claim&rft.date=2009-07-03&rft.aulast=Wheeler&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fuk_politics%2F8131792.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ukpollingreport.co.uk/blog/voting-intention/labcon-forced-choice/">"Conservative or Labour preference ("forced choice")"</a>. UK Polling Report. YouGov. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20070502110345/http://www.ukpollingreport.co.uk/blog/voting-intention/labcon-forced-choice/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 May 2007. Retrieved 20 April 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UK+Polling+Report&rft.atitle=Conservative+or+Labour+preference+%28%22forced+choice%22%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ukpollingreport.co.uk%2Fblog%2Fvoting-intention%2Flabcon-forced-choice%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080506110344/http://www.conservatives.com/tile.do?def%3Dnews.story.page%26obj_id%3D144004">"Boris is the new Mayor of London"</a>. Conservative Party. 3 May 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.conservatives.com/tile.do?def%3Dnews.story.page%26obj_id%3D144004">the original</a> on 6 May 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Boris+is+the+new+Mayor+of+London&rft.pub=Conservative+Party&rft.date=2008-05-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservatives.com%2Ftile.do%3Fdef%3Dnews.story.page%26obj_id%3D144004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Cowburn_2017_x541-121"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Cowburn_2017_x541_121-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCowburn2017" class="citation web cs1">Cowburn, Ashley (30 October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/tory-mps-code-of-conduct-sexual-harassment-david-cameron-staff-protect-westminster-parliament-john-bercow-theresa-may-commons-a8027691.html">"Tory MPs blocked bid to sign up to code stopping sexual harassment"</a>. The Independent. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20231114232440/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/tory-mps-code-of-conduct-sexual-harassment-david-cameron-staff-protect-westminster-parliament-john-bercow-theresa-may-commons-a8027691.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 November 2023. Retrieved 14 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Tory+MPs+blocked+bid+to+sign+up+to+code+stopping+sexual+harassment&rft.date=2017-10-30&rft.aulast=Cowburn&rft.aufirst=Ashley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fpolitics%2Ftory-mps-code-of-conduct-sexual-harassment-david-cameron-staff-protect-westminster-parliament-john-bercow-theresa-may-commons-a8027691.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Cohen_2017_r220-122"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Cohen_2017_r220_122-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCohen2017" class="citation web cs1">Cohen, Tamara (5 November 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://news.sky.com/story/tory-mps-dan-poulter-and-stephen-crabb-investigated-by-party-11114470">"Tory MPs Daniel Kawczynski, Dan Poulter and Stephen Crabb investigated"</a>. Sky News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115220042/https://news.sky.com/story/tory-mps-dan-poulter-and-stephen-crabb-investigated-by-party-11114470">Archived</a> from the original on 15 November 2023. Retrieved 15 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sky+News&rft.atitle=Tory+MPs+Daniel+Kawczynski%2C+Dan+Poulter+and+Stephen+Crabb+investigated&rft.date=2017-11-05&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Tamara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.sky.com%2Fstory%2Ftory-mps-dan-poulter-and-stephen-crabb-investigated-by-party-11114470&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Watts_2017_y333-123"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Watts_2017_y333_123-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatts2017" class="citation web cs1">Watts, Joe (14 November 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/david-cameron-team-groping-accusation-daisy-goodwin-downing-street-official-a8053081.html">"Member of David Cameron's team accused of groping woman's breast at No 10"</a>. The Independent. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115220042/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/david-cameron-team-groping-accusation-daisy-goodwin-downing-street-official-a8053081.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 November 2023. Retrieved 15 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Member+of+David+Cameron%27s+team+accused+of+groping+woman%27s+breast+at+No+10&rft.date=2017-11-14&rft.aulast=Watts&rft.aufirst=Joe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fpolitics%2Fdavid-cameron-team-groping-accusation-daisy-goodwin-downing-street-official-a8053081.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Halliday_2022_r197-124"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Halliday_2022_r197_124-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHalliday2022" class="citation web cs1">Halliday, Josh (1 July 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2022/jul/01/scandal-timeline-tory-sleaze-boris-johnson">"Scandal after scandal: timeline of Tory sleaze under Boris Johnson"</a>. 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Retrieved 14 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ITV+News&rft.atitle=All+the+Tories+embroiled+in+sexual+misconduct+allegations+since+2019&rft.date=2022-07-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.itv.com%2Fnews%2F2022-07-01%2Fall-the-tories-embroiled-in-sexual-misconduct-allegations-since-2019&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Samuelson_2022_z079-127"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Samuelson_2022_z079_127-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSamuelson2022" class="citation web cs1">Samuelson, Kate (4 April 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://theweek.com/news/politics/956321/have-conservatives-got-sexual-harassment-problem">"Have the Conservatives got a sexual harassment problem?"</a>. The Week. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20231114232715/https://theweek.com/news/politics/956321/have-conservatives-got-sexual-harassment-problem">Archived</a> from the original on 14 November 2023. Retrieved 14 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Week&rft.atitle=Have+the+Conservatives+got+a+sexual+harassment+problem%3F&rft.date=2022-04-04&rft.aulast=Samuelson&rft.aufirst=Kate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheweek.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2F956321%2Fhave-conservatives-got-sexual-harassment-problem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Simpson_2017_f842-128"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Simpson_2017_f842_128-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimpson2017" class="citation web cs1">Simpson, Fiona (30 October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/politics/leaked-spreadsheet-reveals-sexual-harassment-claims-against-36-mps-a3670961.html">"36 MPs named in Tory sexual misconduct 'spreadsheet of shame'"</a>. 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Retrieved 14 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Evening+Standard&rft.atitle=36+MPs+named+in+Tory+sexual+misconduct+%27spreadsheet+of+shame%27&rft.date=2017-10-30&rft.aulast=Simpson&rft.aufirst=Fiona&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.standard.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fleaked-spreadsheet-reveals-sexual-harassment-claims-against-36-mps-a3670961.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Blewitt_2023_c778-129"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Blewitt_2023_c778_129-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlewitt2023" class="citation web cs1">Blewitt, Sam (7 November 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.independent.ie/world-news/britain/anyone-with-information-on-tory-serial-rapist-claims-must-report-them-to-police-says-sunak/a1927628403.html">"Anyone with information on Tory 'serial rapist' claims, must report them to police, says Sunak"</a>. Independent.ie. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20231114232433/https://www.independent.ie/world-news/britain/anyone-with-information-on-tory-serial-rapist-claims-must-report-them-to-police-says-sunak/a1927628403.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 November 2023. Retrieved 14 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Independent.ie&rft.atitle=Anyone+with+information+on+Tory+%27serial+rapist%27+claims%2C+must+report+them+to+police%2C+says+Sunak&rft.date=2023-11-07&rft.aulast=Blewitt&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.ie%2Fworld-news%2Fbritain%2Fanyone-with-information-on-tory-serial-rapist-claims-must-report-them-to-police-says-sunak%2Fa1927628403.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-BBC_News_2023_s403-130"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-BBC_News_2023_s403_130-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-67325120">"Deputy PM Oliver Dowden denies cover-up over MP rape allegations"</a>. BBC News. 5 November 2023. Retrieved 14 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Deputy+PM+Oliver+Dowden+denies+cover-up+over+MP+rape+allegations&rft.date=2023-11-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-politics-67325120&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Crerar_2023_t116-131"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Crerar_2023_t116_131-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrerar2023" class="citation web cs1">Crerar, Pippa (5 November 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2023/nov/05/rape-claims-against-tory-mp-were-not-covered-up-says-deputy-pm">"Rape claims against Tory MP were not covered up, says deputy PM"</a>. 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The Times & The Sunday Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20231114232433/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/url-tory-party-bullying-sexual-misconduct-rape-allegations-mpg0jvdhl">Archived</a> from the original on 14 November 2023. Retrieved 14 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+%26+The+Sunday+Times&rft.atitle=Tories+%27have+mishandled+bullying+and+sexual+misconduct+claims+for+years%27&rft.date=2023-11-07&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=Oliver&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Farticle%2Furl-tory-party-bullying-sexual-misconduct-rape-allegations-mpg0jvdhl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-2010GEresults-133"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2010GEresults_133-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/election_2010/8677552.stm">"Election 2010 Timeline: How coalition was agreed"</a>. BBC News. 13 May 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20170906140456/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/election_2010/8677552.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 6 September 2017. Retrieved 14 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Election+2010+Timeline%3A+How+coalition+was+agreed&rft.date=2010-05-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fuk_politics%2Felection_2010%2F8677552.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobin_Brant2010" class="citation news cs1">Robin Brant (12 May 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/newsbeat-10109774">"Election 2010: David Cameron becomes new UK Prime Minister"</a>. BBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230814120214/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/newsbeat-10109774">Archived</a> from the original on 14 August 2023. Retrieved 14 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Election+2010%3A+David+Cameron+becomes+new+UK+Prime+Minister&rft.date=2010-05-12&rft.au=Robin+Brant&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fnewsbeat-10109774&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-135">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.itv.com/news/update/2013-01-07/timeline-coalition-tensions-since-may-2010/">"Top Tory admits Govt 'broken'"</a>. ITV. 7 January 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230814120215/https://www.itv.com/news/update/2013-01-07/timeline-coalition-tensions-since-may-2010/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 August 2023. Retrieved 14 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Top+Tory+admits+Govt+%27broken%27&rft.date=2013-01-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.itv.com%2Fnews%2Fupdate%2F2013-01-07%2Ftimeline-coalition-tensions-since-may-2010%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/63304224">"What is austerity and where could 'eye-watering' cuts fall now?"</a>. BBC News. 17 November 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230804095005/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/63304224">Archived</a> from the original on 4 August 2023. Retrieved 4 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=What+is+austerity+and+where+could+%27eye-watering%27+cuts+fall+now%3F&rft.date=2022-11-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2F63304224&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-43254809">"David Cameron and George Osborne hail plan after UK deficit target met"</a>. BBC News. 2 March 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230804095003/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-43254809">Archived</a> from the original on 4 August 2023. Retrieved 4 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=David+Cameron+and+George+Osborne+hail+plan+after+UK+deficit+target+met&rft.date=2018-03-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-politics-43254809&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-138">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-16503307">"Cameron and Miliband unite to oppose Scots independence"</a>. BBC News. 11 January 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230815114900/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-16503307">Archived</a> from the original on 15 August 2023. Retrieved 15 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Cameron+and+Miliband+unite+to+oppose+Scots+independence&rft.date=2012-01-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-politics-16503307&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/events/scotland-decides/results">"Scottish independence referendum Results"</a>. BBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918212409/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/events/scotland-decides/results">Archived</a> from the original on 18 September 2014. Retrieved 15 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Scottish+independence+referendum+Results&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fevents%2Fscotland-decides%2Fresults&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-140">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParker,_George2015" class="citation web cs1">Parker, George (8 May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/2/db4d60b2-f574-11e4-bc6d-00144feab7de.html%23axzz4ACNy4msM">"It is 1992 all over again for David Cameron's Conservatives"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Financial_Times?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Nikkei?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Nikkei">Nikkei</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160625075156/http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/2/db4d60b2-f574-11e4-bc6d-00144feab7de.html%23axzz4ACNy4msM">Archived</a> from the original on 25 June 2016. Retrieved 31 May 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=It+is+1992+all+over+again+for+David+Cameron%27s+Conservatives&rft.date=2015-05-08&rft.au=Parker%2C+George&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fintl%2Fcms%2Fs%2F2%2Fdb4d60b2-f574-11e4-bc6d-00144feab7de.html%23axzz4ACNy4msM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNick_Robinson2012" class="citation news cs1">Nick Robinson (27 September 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-19741561">"David Cameron considers a referendum on Europe"</a>. BBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230804095003/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-19741561">Archived</a> from the original on 4 August 2023. Retrieved 4 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=David+Cameron+considers+a+referendum+on+Europe&rft.date=2012-09-27&rft.au=Nick+Robinson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-politics-19741561&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-142">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-33141819">"EU referendum timeline: Countdown to the vote"</a>. BBC News. 20 February 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20191123151409/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-33141819">Archived</a> from the original on 23 November 2019. Retrieved 15 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=EU+referendum+timeline%3A+Countdown+to+the+vote&rft.date=2016-02-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-politics-33141819&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-143">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_James2016" class="citation news cs1">William James (24 June 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-eu-cameron-idUSKCN0ZA11H">"UK PM Cameron says will step down by October after Brexit vote"</a>. Reuters. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230804095004/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-eu-cameron-idUSKCN0ZA11H">Archived</a> from the original on 4 August 2023. Retrieved 4 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=UK+PM+Cameron+says+will+step+down+by+October+after+Brexit+vote&rft.date=2016-06-24&rft.au=William+James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-britain-eu-cameron-idUSKCN0ZA11H&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-144">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-36763208">"Theresa May set to be UK PM after Andrea Leadsom quits"</a>. BBC News. 11 July 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160711120043/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-36763208">Archived</a> from the original on 11 July 2016. Retrieved 30 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Theresa+May+set+to+be+UK+PM+after+Andrea+Leadsom+quits&rft.date=2016-07-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-politics-36763208&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-145">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMason2016" class="citation news cs1">Mason, Rowena (11 July 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/jul/11/theresa-may-tory-leadership-pitch-andrea-leadsom">"May promises social reform in centrist leadership pitch"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Guardian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201180303/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/jul/11/theresa-may-tory-leadership-pitch-andrea-leadsom">Archived</a> from the original on 1 December 2016. Retrieved 11 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=May+promises+social+reform+in+centrist+leadership+pitch&rft.date=2016-07-11&rft.aulast=Mason&rft.aufirst=Rowena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fpolitics%2F2016%2Fjul%2F11%2Ftheresa-may-tory-leadership-pitch-andrea-leadsom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-146">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStewart2016" class="citation news cs1">Stewart, Heather (13 July 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/jul/13/theresa-may-becomes-britains-prime-minister">"Theresa May appeals to centre ground but cabinet tilts to the right"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Guardian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160713235732/http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/jul/13/theresa-may-becomes-britains-prime-minister">Archived</a> from the original on 13 July 2016. Retrieved 11 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Theresa+May+appeals+to+centre+ground+but+cabinet+tilts+to+the+right&rft.date=2016-07-13&rft.aulast=Stewart&rft.aufirst=Heather&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fpolitics%2F2016%2Fjul%2F13%2Ftheresa-may-becomes-britains-prime-minister&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-147">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-britain-eu-may-idUKKBN1701H4">"May says has triggered Article 50 to begin Brexit process"</a>. Reuters. 29 March 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230730161556/https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-britain-eu-may-idUKKBN1701H4">Archived</a> from the original on 30 July 2023. Retrieved 30 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=May+says+has+triggered+Article+50+to+begin+Brexit+process&rft.date=2017-03-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fuk-britain-eu-may-idUKKBN1701H4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-148">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-39630009">"Theresa May's general election statement in full"</a>. BBC News. 18 April 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20170419014523/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-39630009">Archived</a> from the original on 19 April 2017. Retrieved 30 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Theresa+May%27s+general+election+statement+in+full&rft.date=2017-04-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-politics-39630009&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-149">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJon_Sharman2017" class="citation news cs1">Jon Sharman (31 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/election-2017-polls-latest-yougov-hung-parliament-prediction-why-conservatives-labour-win-seats-majority-a7764401.html">"Election 2017 polls latest: YouGov explains shock hung parliament prediction"</a>. The Independent. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230730161556/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/election-2017-polls-latest-yougov-hung-parliament-prediction-why-conservatives-labour-win-seats-majority-a7764401.html">Archived</a> from the original on 30 July 2023. Retrieved 30 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Election+2017+polls+latest%3A+YouGov+explains+shock+hung+parliament+prediction&rft.date=2017-05-31&rft.au=Jon+Sharman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fpolitics%2Felection-2017-polls-latest-yougov-hung-parliament-prediction-why-conservatives-labour-win-seats-majority-a7764401.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-150">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlex_Hunt2017" class="citation news cs1">Alex Hunt (26 June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election-2017-40245514">"Theresa May and the DUP deal: What you need to know"</a>. BBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20181123150803/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election-2017-40245514">Archived</a> from the original on 23 November 2018. Retrieved 30 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Theresa+May+and+the+DUP+deal%3A+What+you+need+to+know&rft.date=2017-06-26&rft.au=Alex+Hunt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Felection-2017-40245514&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-151">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-45543609">"Brexit: Theresa May says it's Chequers or no deal"</a>. BBC News. 17 September 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230730161559/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-45543609">Archived</a> from the original on 30 July 2023. Retrieved 30 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Brexit%3A+Theresa+May+says+it%27s+Chequers+or+no+deal&rft.date=2018-09-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-politics-45543609&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-152">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-48379730">"Theresa May resigns over Brexit: What happened?"</a>. BBC News. 24 May 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20190526033012/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-48379730">Archived</a> from the original on 26 May 2019. Retrieved 26 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Theresa+May+resigns+over+Brexit%3A+What+happened%3F&rft.date=2019-05-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-politics-48379730&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-bbc230719-153"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-bbc230719_153-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-49084605">"Boris Johnson wins race to be Tory leader and PM"</a>. BBC News. 23 July 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20191130125915/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-49084605">Archived</a> from the original on 30 November 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Boris+Johnson+wins+race+to+be+Tory+leader+and+PM&rft.date=2019-07-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-politics-49084605&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-154">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-48756819">"Boris Johnson in 'deal or no deal' Brexit challenge to rival Hunt"</a>. BBC News. 17 December 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20190730114835/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-48756819">Archived</a> from the original on 30 July 2019. Retrieved 18 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Boris+Johnson+in+%27deal+or+no+deal%27+Brexit+challenge+to+rival+Hunt&rft.date=2019-12-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-politics-48756819&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-bbc030919-155"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-bbc030919_155-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-49570682">"Brexit: Tory MP defects ahead of crucial no deal vote"</a>. BBC News. 3 September 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20190903145348/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-49570682">Archived</a> from the original on 3 September 2019. Retrieved 3 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Brexit%3A+Tory+MP+defects+ahead+of+crucial+no+deal+vote&rft.date=2019-09-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-politics-49570682&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-156">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-49563357">"Brexit showdown: Who were Tory rebels who defied Boris Johnson?"</a>. BBC News. 3 September 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20190903235045/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-49563357">Archived</a> from the original on 3 September 2019. Retrieved 3 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Brexit+showdown%3A+Who+were+Tory+rebels+who+defied+Boris+Johnson%3F&rft.date=2019-09-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-politics-49563357&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-157">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/oct/24/boris-johnson-to-ask-mps-to-back-pre-christmas-election">"Johnson seeks 12 December election after shelving 'do or die' Brexit pledge"</a>. The Guardian. 17 December 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209213031/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/oct/24/boris-johnson-to-ask-mps-to-back-pre-christmas-election">Archived</a> from the original on 9 December 2019. Retrieved 18 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Johnson+seeks+12+December+election+after+shelving+%27do+or+die%27+Brexit+pledge&rft.date=2019-12-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fpolitics%2F2019%2Foct%2F24%2Fboris-johnson-to-ask-mps-to-back-pre-christmas-election&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-bbc131219-158"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-bbc131219_158-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bbc.com/news/election/2019/results">"UK results: Conservatives win majority"</a>. BBC News. 13 December 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213002620/https://www.bbc.com/news/election/2019/results">Archived</a> from the original on 13 December 2019. Retrieved 13 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=UK+results%3A+Conservatives+win+majority&rft.date=2019-12-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Felection%2F2019%2Fresults&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-159">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStewart2019" class="citation news cs1">Stewart, Heather (20 December 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/dec/20/brexit-pm-asks-britons-to-move-on-as-mps-debate-withdrawal-bill">"Brexit: MPs pass withdrawal agreement bill by 124 majority"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20191220113442/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/dec/20/brexit-pm-asks-britons-to-move-on-as-mps-debate-withdrawal-bill">Archived</a> from the original on 20 December 2019. Retrieved 23 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Brexit%3A+MPs+pass+withdrawal+agreement+bill+by+124+majority&rft.date=2019-12-20&rft.aulast=Stewart&rft.aufirst=Heather&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fpolitics%2F2019%2Fdec%2F20%2Fbrexit-pm-asks-britons-to-move-on-as-mps-debate-withdrawal-bill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-160">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFella2020" class="citation web cs1">Fella, Stefano (17 November 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/end-of-the-brexit-transition-period-what-will-change/">"End of the Brexit transition period: What will change?"</a>. 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Sky News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20221023173813/https://news.sky.com/story/boris-johnson-fined-prime-minister-apologises-after-receiving-fixed-penalty-notice-for-lockdown-breaking-party-12588712">Archived</a> from the original on 23 October 2022. 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Retrieved 7 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=6+September+2022&rft.atitle=How+Liz+Truss+won+the+Conservative+leadership+race&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-politics-60037657&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-168">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSinclair2022" class="citation web cs1">Sinclair, Tom (4 October 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pembrokeshire-herald.com/79152/cost-of-living-crisis-workers-have-gone-without-meals-or-pawned-posessions-says-union/">"Cost-of-living crisis: Workers have gone without meals or pawned posessions says Union"</a>. 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Retrieved 5 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Pembrokeshire+Herald&rft.atitle=Cost-of-living+crisis%3A+Workers+have+gone+without+meals+or+pawned+posessions+says+Union&rft.date=2022-10-04&rft.aulast=Sinclair&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpembrokeshire-herald.com%2F79152%2Fcost-of-living-crisis-workers-have-gone-without-meals-or-pawned-posessions-says-union%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-169">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2022/sep/08/liz-truss-to-freeze-energy-bills-price-at-2500-a-year-funded-by-borrowing">"Liz Truss to freeze energy bills at £2,500 a year average, funded by borrowing"</a>. The Guardian. 8 September 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020125828/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2022/sep/08/liz-truss-to-freeze-energy-bills-price-at-2500-a-year-funded-by-borrowing">Archived</a> from the original on 20 October 2022. 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The Guardian. 3 October 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005235553/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2022/oct/03/liz-truss-abandon-plan-scrap-45p-top-rate-income-tax-tory-revolt-kwasi-kwarteng-chancellor">Archived</a> from the original on 5 October 2022. Retrieved 5 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Liz+Truss+abandons+plan+to+scrap+45p+top+rate+of+income+tax+amid+Tory+revolt&rft.date=2022-10-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fpolitics%2F2022%2Foct%2F03%2Fliz-truss-abandon-plan-scrap-45p-top-rate-income-tax-tory-revolt-kwasi-kwarteng-chancellor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-174">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://news.sky.com/story/liz-truss-says-she-has-absolutely-no-shame-in-performing-tax-cut-u-turn-12711880">"Liz Truss says she has 'absolutely no shame' in performing tax cut U-turn"</a>. Sky News. Retrieved 5 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sky+News&rft.atitle=Liz+Truss+says+she+has+%27absolutely+no+shame%27+in+performing+tax+cut+U-turn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.sky.com%2Fstory%2Fliz-truss-says-she-has-absolutely-no-shame-in-performing-tax-cut-u-turn-12711880&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-BBC_News-175">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-BBC_News_175-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-BBC_News_175-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-63332037">"Liz Truss resigns as prime minister after Tory revolt"</a>. BBC News. 20 October 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020124108/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-63332037">Archived</a> from the original on 20 October 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Liz+Truss+resigns+as+prime+minister+after+Tory+revolt&rft.date=2022-10-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-politics-63332037&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-176">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdamBooth2022" class="citation news cs1">Adam, Karla; Booth, William (20 October 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/10/20/uk-liz-truss-resign-prime-minister/">"U.K. Prime Minister Liz Truss announces resignation after six weeks in office"</a>. The Washington Post. Retrieved 20 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=U.K.+Prime+Minister+Liz+Truss+announces+resignation+after+six+weeks+in+office&rft.date=2022-10-20&rft.aulast=Adam&rft.aufirst=Karla&rft.au=Booth%2C+William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2F2022%2F10%2F20%2Fuk-liz-truss-resign-prime-minister%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-177">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJon_Stone2022" class="citation news cs1">Jon Stone (17 October 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/tory-poll-liz-truss-labour-starmer-b2204553.html">"Tories facing wipeout as Labour takes 36-point lead in new poll"</a>. The Independent. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20221209115617/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/tory-poll-liz-truss-labour-starmer-b2204553.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 December 2022. Retrieved 26 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Tories+facing+wipeout+as+Labour+takes+36-point+lead+in+new+poll&rft.date=2022-10-17&rft.au=Jon+Stone&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fpolitics%2Ftory-poll-liz-truss-labour-starmer-b2204553.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-178">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLandler2024" class="citation news cs1">Landler, Mark (22 May 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/05/22/world/europe/uk-election-sunak-politics.html">"Sunak Announces U.K. Elections for July 4, Months Earlier Than Expected"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240522224012/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/05/22/world/europe/uk-election-sunak-politics.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 May 2024. Retrieved 22 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Sunak+Announces+U.K.+Elections+for+July+4%2C+Months+Earlier+Than+Expected&rft.date=2024-05-22&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Landler&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2024%2F05%2F22%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fuk-election-sunak-politics.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-179">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://news.sky.com/story/reform-uk-overtakes-conservatives-in-new-poll-in-fresh-blow-for-rishi-sunak-13150808">"Reform UK overtakes Conservatives in new poll in fresh blow for Rishi Sunak"</a>. Sky News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240613195534/https://news.sky.com/story/reform-uk-overtakes-conservatives-in-new-poll-in-fresh-blow-for-rishi-sunak-13150808">Archived</a> from the original on 13 June 2024. Retrieved 13 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sky+News&rft.atitle=Reform+UK+overtakes+Conservatives+in+new+poll+in+fresh+blow+for+Rishi+Sunak&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.sky.com%2Fstory%2Freform-uk-overtakes-conservatives-in-new-poll-in-fresh-blow-for-rishi-sunak-13150808&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-180">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c722v3w66nwo">"Rishi Sunak: Tory manifesto will include tax cuts"</a>. 10 June 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240610181908/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c722v3w66nwo">Archived</a> from the original on 10 June 2024. Retrieved 10 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rishi+Sunak%3A+Tory+manifesto+will+include+tax+cuts&rft.date=2024-06-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Farticles%2Fc722v3w66nwo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-181">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.thetimes.com/uk/politics/article/conservative-party-manifesto-key-policies-rishi-sunak-general-election-9zvjqvttp">"Conservative manifesto 2024: summary of the key policies"</a>. thetimes.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240611082242/https://www.thetimes.com/uk/politics/article/conservative-party-manifesto-key-policies-rishi-sunak-general-election-9zvjqvttp">Archived</a> from the original on 11 June 2024. Retrieved 11 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=thetimes.com&rft.atitle=Conservative+manifesto+2024%3A+summary+of+the+key+policies&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.com%2Fuk%2Fpolitics%2Farticle%2Fconservative-party-manifesto-key-policies-rishi-sunak-general-election-9zvjqvttp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-182">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGutteridge2024" class="citation news cs1">Gutteridge, Nick (17 May 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/politics/0/tory-manifesto-rishi-sunak-policies-general-election/">"Conservative Party manifesto 2024: Rishi Sunak's policies for the general election"</a>. The Telegraph. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0307-1235">0307-1235</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240611232213/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/politics/0/tory-manifesto-rishi-sunak-policies-general-election/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 June 2024. Retrieved 12 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Conservative+Party+manifesto+2024%3A+Rishi+Sunak%27s+policies+for+the+general+election&rft.date=2024-05-17&rft.issn=0307-1235&rft.aulast=Gutteridge&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fpolitics%2F0%2Ftory-manifesto-rishi-sunak-policies-general-election%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-183">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPowell2024" class="citation news cs1">Powell, Rob (25 May 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://news.sky.com/story/sunak-says-he-will-bring-back-national-service-if-tories-win-general-election-13143184">"Sunak says he will bring back National Service if Tories win general election"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240525214109/https://news.sky.com/story/sunak-says-he-will-bring-back-national-service-if-tories-win-general-election-13143184">Archived</a> from the original on 25 May 2024. Retrieved 25 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Sunak+says+he+will+bring+back+National+Service+if+Tories+win+general+election&rft.date=2024-05-25&rft.aulast=Powell&rft.aufirst=Rob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.sky.com%2Fstory%2Fsunak-says-he-will-bring-back-national-service-if-tories-win-general-election-13143184&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-184"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-184">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.ft.com/content/f7c426b0-3fdd-40b0-9110-39a280ada513">"Live results map of the UK general election"</a>. Financial Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240707073452/https://ig.ft.com/uk-general-election/2024/results/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 July 2024. Retrieved 5 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Live+results+map+of+the+UK+general+election&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2Ff7c426b0-3fdd-40b0-9110-39a280ada513&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-185">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLAWLESS2024" class="citation news cs1">LAWLESS, JILL (2 November 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://apnews.com/article/uk-conservative-party-new-leader-elected-b2300368b66deb930dce1d9068ba0770">"UK Conservatives pick Kemi Badenoch as new leader, first Black woman to head a big British party"</a>. AP News. Retrieved 3 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AP+News&rft.atitle=UK+Conservatives+pick+Kemi+Badenoch+as+new+leader%2C+first+Black+woman+to+head+a+big+British+party&rft.date=2024-11-02&rft.aulast=LAWLESS&rft.aufirst=JILL&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fuk-conservative-party-new-leader-elected-b2300368b66deb930dce1d9068ba0770&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-186"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-186">^</a> In the recession year of 1981, for example, the Conservatives raised taxes to reduce the budget deficit, with the aim of a reduction of interest rates.</li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-187">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.ft.com/content/d45ed5c6-842b-11e3-b72e-00144feab7de">"The death and life of Britain's market economy"</a>. Financial Times. 24 January 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20190218201956/https://www.ft.com/content/d45ed5c6-842b-11e3-b72e-00144feab7de">Archived</a> from the original on 18 February 2019. 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BBC News. 16 August 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002220319/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-14552193">Archived</a> from the original on 2 October 2023. 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Retrieved 4 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=British+Politics&rft.atitle=Cameron%27s+Conservative+Party%2C+social+liberalism+and+social+justice&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=131-147&rft.date=2015-04-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A153581022%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1746-918X&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1057%2Fbp.2015.19&rft.aulast=Hayton&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.au=McEnhill%2C+Libby&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feprints.whiterose.ac.uk%2F85297%2F3%2FCameron%25E2%2580%2599s%2520Conservative%2520Party%2520social%2520liberalism%2520and%2520social%2520justice.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Wright_2013_p586-196"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Wright_2013_p586_196-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWright2013" class="citation web cs1">Wright, Oliver (6 February 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/mps-vote-for-gay-marriage-bill-by-400-to-175-in-face-of-widespread-tory-rebellion-8482318.html">"MPs vote for gay marriage bill by 400 to 175 in face of widespread"</a>. 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Retrieved 20 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PinkNews&rft.atitle=The+UK%27s+parliament+is+still+the+gayest+in+the+world+after+2019+election&rft.date=2019-12-13&rft.aulast=Reynolds&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thepinknews.com%2F2019%2F12%2F13%2Fuk-gay-parliament-world-2019-general-election-snp-conservatives-labour-lgbt%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-marequa-198"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-marequa_198-0">^</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Osborn_2013_x877-192">[192]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-BBC_News_2013_x918-193">[193]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-194">[194]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-195">[195]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Wright_2013_p586-196">[196]</a> After the 2019 general election, there are now 20 LGBT+ Conservative MPs in Parliament, more than there were during the prior Parliament.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-197">[197]</a></li> <li id="cite_note-199"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-199">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130529052308/http://www.alanduncan.org.uk/about">"Biography – Rt Hon Alan Duncan MP"</a>. 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Retrieved 18 June 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stand+Point&rft.atitle=Underrated%3A+Owen+Paterson&rft.date=2012-11&rft.au=Montgomerie%2C+Tim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstandpointmag.co.uk%2Funderrated-november-12-owen-paterson-tim-montgomerie-climate-change-lord-stern&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-203"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-203">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPayne2017" class="citation news cs1">Payne, Sebastian (16 December 2017). "Where next for the Conservatives?". 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Retrieved 1 April 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Cameron+attacks+%27state+multiculturalism%27&rft.date=2008-02-26&rft.aulast=Sparrow&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fpolitics%2F2008%2Ffeb%2F26%2Fconservatives.race&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-:0-206">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:0_206-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:0_206-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7639047.stm">"Tory warning on multiculturalism"</a>. 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The Independent. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20150707150837/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/generalelection/tory-immigration-pledge-failed-spectacularly-as-figures-show-net-migration-nearly-three-times-as-high-as-david-cameron-promised-10071710.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 July 2015. 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The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20161126144529/https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2015/aug/10/10-truths-about-europes-refugee-crisis">Archived</a> from the original on 26 November 2016. Retrieved 30 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=10+truths+about+Europe%27s+migrant+crisis&rft.date=2015-08-10&rft.aulast=Kingsley&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fuk-news%2F2015%2Faug%2F10%2F10-truths-about-europes-refugee-crisis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-211"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-211">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.channel4.com/news/factcheck/high-immigration-nhs-crisis">"FactCheck: Are migrants causing the A&E crisis?"</a>. 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The government's record rise in net migration"</a>. BBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240727083611/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-68626430">Archived</a> from the original on 27 July 2024. 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Retrieved 22 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Theresa+May+appears+to+align+herself+with+Donald+Trump+on+Israel&rft.date=2016-12-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fpolitics%2Fisrael-latest-donald-trump-theresa-may-john-kerry-barack-obama-jewish-settlements-middle-east-a7501496.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-228"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-228">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jewishnews.timesofisrael.com/sajid-javid-set-to-announce-full-ban-of-hezbollah-at-party-conference/">"Sajid Javid set to announce full ban of Hezbollah at party conference"</a>. jewishnews.timesofisrael.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109043413/https://jewishnews.timesofisrael.com/sajid-javid-set-to-announce-full-ban-of-hezbollah-at-party-conference/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 November 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=jewishnews.timesofisrael.com&rft.atitle=Sajid+Javid+set+to+announce+full+ban+of+Hezbollah+at+party+conference&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjewishnews.timesofisrael.com%2Fsajid-javid-set-to-announce-full-ban-of-hezbollah-at-party-conference%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-229"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-229">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/feb/25/uk-outlaw-ban-hezbollah-political-wing-lebanese">"UK to outlaw Hezbollah's political wing"</a>. The Guardian. 25 February 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108011320/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/feb/25/uk-outlaw-ban-hezbollah-political-wing-lebanese">Archived</a> from the original on 8 November 2020. Retrieved 20 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=UK+to+outlaw+Hezbollah%27s+political+wing&rft.date=2019-02-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2019%2Ffeb%2F25%2Fuk-outlaw-ban-hezbollah-political-wing-lebanese&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-230"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-230">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.haaretz.com/world-news/europe/.premium-u-k-s-conservative-party-vows-to-ban-councils-from-boycotting-israeli-products-1.8168796">"U.K.'s Conservative Party vows to ban councils from boycotting Israeli products"</a>. Haaretz. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210611191957/https://www.haaretz.com/world-news/europe/.premium-u-k-s-conservative-party-vows-to-ban-councils-from-boycotting-israeli-products-1.8168796">Archived</a> from the original on 11 June 2021. Retrieved 22 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=U.K.%27s+Conservative+Party+vows+to+ban+councils+from+boycotting+Israeli+products&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fworld-news%2Feurope%2F.premium-u-k-s-conservative-party-vows-to-ban-councils-from-boycotting-israeli-products-1.8168796&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-231"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-231">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMueller2019" class="citation news cs1">Mueller, Benjamin (16 December 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/16/world/europe/britain-bds-boycott-israel.html">"U.K. Plans to Pass Anti-B.D.S. Law"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200724183058/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/16/world/europe/britain-bds-boycott-israel.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 July 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=U.K.+Plans+to+Pass+Anti-B.D.S.+Law&rft.date=2019-12-16&rft.aulast=Mueller&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2019%2F12%2F16%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fbritain-bds-boycott-israel.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-232"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-232">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDiver2019" class="citation news cs1">Diver, Tony (16 November 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/politics/2019/11/16/tories-ban-councils-boycotting-products-israel-manifesto-plans/">"Tories to ban councils from boycotting products from Israel under manifesto plans"</a>. The Daily Telegraph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031104444/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/politics/2019/11/16/tories-ban-councils-boycotting-products-israel-manifesto-plans/">Archived</a> from the original on 31 October 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Tories+to+ban+councils+from+boycotting+products+from+Israel+under+manifesto+plans&rft.date=2019-11-16&rft.aulast=Diver&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fpolitics%2F2019%2F11%2F16%2Ftories-ban-councils-boycotting-products-israel-manifesto-plans%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-233"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-233">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFox2009" class="citation news cs1">Fox, Liam (17 December 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2009/dec/17/defence-cuts-bob-ainsworth-afghan">"Labour's dangerous defence cuts"</a>. The Guardian. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. Retrieved 11 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Labour%27s+dangerous+defence+cuts&rft.date=2009-12-17&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Fox&rft.aufirst=Liam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fcommentisfree%2F2009%2Fdec%2F17%2Fdefence-cuts-bob-ainsworth-afghan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-234"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-234">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110622051413/https://www.conservatives.com/News/Speeches/2009/09/Liam_Fox_If_Afghanistan_will_be_lost_it_will_be_lost_at_home.aspx">"The Strategic Defence and Security Review: A Conservative View of Defence and Future Challenges"</a>. Royal United Services Institute. 8 February 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.conservatives.com/News/Speeches/2009/09/Liam_Fox_If_Afghanistan_will_be_lost_it_will_be_lost_at_home.aspx">the original</a> on 22 June 2011. 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Politico. 11 May 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002220320/https://www.politico.eu/article/uk-conservatives-to-increase-defense-spending/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 October 2023. Retrieved 21 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=UK+Conservatives+to+increase+defense+spending&rft.date=2017-05-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.eu%2Farticle%2Fuk-conservatives-to-increase-defense-spending%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-236"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-236">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100401061150/http://www.conservatives.com/News/Speeches/2010/02/Liam_Fox_EU_should_only_act_when_NATO_cannot.aspx">"Liam Fox: The EU should only act when NATO cannot"</a>. Conservative Party. 11 February 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.conservatives.com/News/Speeches/2010/02/Liam_Fox_EU_should_only_act_when_NATO_cannot.aspx">the original</a> on 1 April 2010. Retrieved 20 April 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Liam+Fox%3A+The+EU+should+only+act+when+NATO+cannot&rft.pub=Conservative+Party&rft.date=2010-02-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservatives.com%2FNews%2FSpeeches%2F2010%2F02%2FLiam_Fox_EU_should_only_act_when_NATO_cannot.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-237">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-autogenerated1_237-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-autogenerated1_237-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFox2010" class="citation web cs1">Fox, Liam (11 February 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100401061150/http://www.conservatives.com/News/Speeches/2010/02/Liam_Fox_EU_should_only_act_when_NATO_cannot.aspx">"The EU should only act when NATO cannot"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.conservatives.com/News/Speeches/2010/02/Liam_Fox_EU_should_only_act_when_NATO_cannot.aspx">the original</a> on 1 April 2010. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.politicsresources.net/area/uk/man/con45.htm">the original</a> on 19 September 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Politicsresources.net&rft.atitle=British+Conservative+Party+election+manifesto%2C+1945&rft.date=2012-10-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.politicsresources.net%2Farea%2Fuk%2Fman%2Fcon45.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-239"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-239">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-manchester-24286582">"50,000 march in NHS cuts protest in Manchester"</a>. BBC News. 29 September 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20181217211230/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-manchester-24286582">Archived</a> from the original on 17 December 2018. Retrieved 21 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=50%2C000+march+in+NHS+cuts+protest+in+Manchester&rft.date=2013-09-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-england-manchester-24286582&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-240"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-240">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrymorgen2017" class="citation news cs1">Frymorgen, Tomasz (6 June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bbcthree/article/59932bc9-7c7a-4e6a-95d4-31751419aaf8">"Which political parties want to legalise weed?"</a>. BBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20211122192325/https://www.bbc.co.uk/bbcthree/article/59932bc9-7c7a-4e6a-95d4-31751419aaf8">Archived</a> from the original on 22 November 2021. Retrieved 22 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Which+political+parties+want+to+legalise+weed%3F&rft.date=2017-06-06&rft.aulast=Frymorgen&rft.aufirst=Tomasz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fbbcthree%2Farticle%2F59932bc9-7c7a-4e6a-95d4-31751419aaf8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-241"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-241">^</a> Johnson, Boris (24 April 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/1902743/Boris-Johnson-Legalise-cannabis-for-pain-relief.html">"Legalise cannabis for pain relief"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20180225194549/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/1902743/Boris-Johnson-Legalise-cannabis-for-pain-relief.html">Archived</a> 25 February 2018 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. 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James Robert Samuel Burrell (HM Inspector of Taxes) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWCA/Civ/1981/2.html">[1981] EWCA Civ 2</a> (10 December 1981)</li> <li id="cite_note-organisation-284">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-organisation_284-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-organisation_284-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005230159/https://www.conservatives.com/Members/Party-Structure-and-Organisation">"Party Structure and Organisation"</a>. Conservative Party. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.conservatives.com/Members/Party-Structure-and-Organisation">the original</a> on 5 October 2016. 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BBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100414102452/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/election2010/results/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 April 2010. Retrieved 7 May 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Election+2010+Results&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fshared%2Felection2010%2Fresults%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-hoclibrary-287"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-hoclibrary_287-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGuinness2012" class="citation web cs1">McGuinness, Feargal (3 December 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.parliament.uk/briefing-papers/SN05125.pdf">"Membership of UK political parties"</a> (PDF). 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Retrieved 21 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Membership+of+UK+political+parties&rft.pub=House+of+Commons+Library&rft.date=2012-12-03&rft.aulast=McGuinness&rft.aufirst=Feargal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.uk%2Fbriefing-papers%2FSN05125.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-288"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-288">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMulholland2010" class="citation news cs1">Mulholland, Hélène (5 October 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/blog/2010/oct/05/tories-fears-falling-membership">"Tories voice fears over falling membership"</a>. The Guardian. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20140423213625/http://www.theguardian.com/politics/blog/2010/oct/05/tories-fears-falling-membership">Archived</a> from the original on 23 April 2014. Retrieved 22 November 2011. <q><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tim_Montgomerie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tim Montgomerie">Tim Montgomerie</a>, the editor of the influential grassroots Tory website ConservativeHome, told a fringe event that two separate sources had told him party membership was now 177,000—down 80,000 on the 2005 figure of 257,000 ... The Conservative party refused to confirm the figure</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Tories+voice+fears+over+falling+membership&rft.date=2010-10-05&rft.aulast=Mulholland&rft.aufirst=H%C3%A9l%C3%A8ne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fpolitics%2Fblog%2F2010%2Foct%2F05%2Ftories-fears-falling-membership&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-289"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-289">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-24143443">"Conservative membership has nearly halved under Cameron"</a>. 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BBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20220905154839/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/uk-politics-62760180?pinned_post_locator%3Durn:asset:343a0159-4b24-498a-86d8-79ceb11e434b%26pinned_post_asset_id%3D6315ef435406b91fca2cd224%26pinned_post_type%3Dshare">Archived</a> from the original on 5 September 2022. Retrieved 5 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Tory+membership+figure+revealed&rft.date=2022-09-05&rft.aulast=Wheeler&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Flive%2Fuk-politics-62760180%3Fpinned_post_locator%3Durn%3Aasset%3A343a0159-4b24-498a-86d8-79ceb11e434b%26pinned_post_asset_id%3D6315ef435406b91fca2cd224%26pinned_post_type%3Dshare&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-dummies-295"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-dummies_295-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnight2015" class="citation book cs1">Knight, Julian (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3Dh-gbBgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA202">British Politics For Dummies</a> (2nd ed.). John Wiley & Sons. p. 202. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-118-97152-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-118-97152-9"><bdi>978-1-118-97152-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+Politics+For+Dummies&rft.pages=202&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-118-97152-9&rft.aulast=Knight&rft.aufirst=Julian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dh-gbBgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA202&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-296"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-296">^</a> Constitution of the Conservative Party, Schedule 6</li> <li id="cite_note-personal-representation-297">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-personal-representation_297-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-personal-representation_297-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColomer2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Josep_Colomer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Josep Colomer">Colomer, Josep M.</a> (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DIsX9AgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA45">Personal Representation: The Neglected Dimension of Electoral Systems</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/European_Consortium_for_Political_Research?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="European Consortium for Political Research">European Consortium for Political Research</a>. p. 45. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781907301575?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/9781907301575"><bdi>9781907301575</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913231455/https://books.google.com/books?id%3DIsX9AgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA45%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse">Archived</a> from the original on 13 September 2024. Retrieved 16 November 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Personal+Representation%3A+The+Neglected+Dimension+of+Electoral+Systems&rft.pages=45&rft.pub=European+Consortium+for+Political+Research&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781907301575&rft.aulast=Colomer&rft.aufirst=Josep+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIsX9AgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA45&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-costly-298"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-costly_298-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWebber2013" class="citation news cs1">Webber, Esther (2 August 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-23437111">"The costly process of becoming an election candidate"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/BBC_News?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20181216035139/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-23437111">Archived</a> from the original on 16 December 2018. Retrieved 21 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=The+costly+process+of+becoming+an+election+candidate&rft.date=2013-08-02&rft.aulast=Webber&rft.aufirst=Esther&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-politics-23437111&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-299"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-299">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYorke2018" class="citation news cs1">Yorke, Harry (16 March 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/politics/2018/03/16/conservative-youth-wing-relaunched-bid-win-back-millennials/">"Conservative youth wing relaunched in bid to win back millennials from Labour"</a>. The Telegraph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913231457/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/politics/2018/03/16/conservative-youth-wing-relaunched-bid-win-back-millennials/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 September 2024. Retrieved 23 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Conservative+youth+wing+relaunched+in+bid+to+win+back+millennials+from+Labour&rft.date=2018-03-16&rft.aulast=Yorke&rft.aufirst=Harry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fpolitics%2F2018%2F03%2F16%2Fconservative-youth-wing-relaunched-bid-win-back-millennials%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-300"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-300">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRiley-Smith2016" class="citation news cs1">Riley-Smith, Ben (18 August 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/08/18/lord-feldman-had-gravest-possible-reservations-about-mark-clarke/">"Lord Feldman had 'gravest possible reservations' about Mark Clarke, the Tatler Tory, when handed complaint of bullying"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Telegraph</a>. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913231354/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/08/18/lord-feldman-had-gravest-possible-reservations-about-mark-clarke/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 September 2024. Retrieved 23 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Lord+Feldman+had+%27gravest+possible+reservations%27+about+Mark+Clarke%2C+the+Tatler+Tory%2C+when+handed+complaint+of+bullying&rft.date=2016-08-18&rft.aulast=Riley-Smith&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2F2016%2F08%2F18%2Flord-feldman-had-gravest-possible-reservations-about-mark-clarke%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-301"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-301">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHattenstone2015" class="citation news cs1">Hattenstone, Simon (27 November 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2015/nov/27/elliott-johnson-young-tory-destroyed-by-party-he-loved-mark-clarke">"Elliott Johnson: the young Tory destroyed by the party he loved"</a>. The Guardian.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Elliott+Johnson%3A+the+young+Tory+destroyed+by+the+party+he+loved&rft.date=2015-11-27&rft.aulast=Hattenstone&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fpolitics%2F2015%2Fnov%2F27%2Felliott-johnson-young-tory-destroyed-by-party-he-loved-mark-clarke&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-302"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-302">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYorke2018" class="citation news cs1">Yorke, Harry (16 March 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/politics/2018/03/16/conservative-youth-wing-relaunched-bid-win-back-millennials/">"Conservative youth wing relaunched in bid to win back millennials from Labour"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Telegraph</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002220319/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/politics/2018/03/16/conservative-youth-wing-relaunched-bid-win-back-millennials/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 October 2023. Retrieved 23 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Conservative+youth+wing+relaunched+in+bid+to+win+back+millennials+from+Labour&rft.date=2018-03-16&rft.aulast=Yorke&rft.aufirst=Harry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fpolitics%2F2018%2F03%2F16%2Fconservative-youth-wing-relaunched-bid-win-back-millennials%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-303"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-303">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrone,_StephenWilks-Heeg,_Stuart2010" class="citation web cs1">Crone, Stephen; Wilks-Heeg, Stuart (20 December 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712033806/http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/politicsandpolicy/archives/6272">"Just 50 'donor groups' have supplied over half of the Conservative party's declared donation income in the last decade, a fact disguised by legal 'fame avoidance' techniques"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/London_School_of_Economics?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="London School of Economics">British Politics and Policy blog at LSE</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/politicsandpolicy/archives/6272">the original</a> on 12 July 2013. Retrieved 10 July 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Just+50+%27donor+groups%27+have+supplied+over+half+of+the+Conservative+party%27s+declared+donation+income+in+the+last+decade%2C+a+fact+disguised+by+legal+%27fame+avoidance%27+techniques&rft.pub=British+Politics+and+Policy+blog+at+LSE&rft.date=2010-12-20&rft.au=Crone%2C+Stephen&rft.au=Wilks-Heeg%2C+Stuart&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.lse.ac.uk%2Fpoliticsandpolicy%2Farchives%2F6272&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-304"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-304">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSyal,_RajeevTreanor,_JillMathiason,_Nick2011" class="citation news cs1">Syal, Rajeev; Treanor, Jill; Mathiason, Nick (30 September 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2011/sep/30/city-conservatives-donations">"City's influence over Conservatives laid bare by research into donations"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Guardian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130925193837/http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2011/sep/30/city-conservatives-donations">Archived</a> from the original on 25 September 2013. Retrieved 10 July 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=City%27s+influence+over+Conservatives+laid+bare+by+research+into+donations&rft.date=2011-09-30&rft.au=Syal%2C+Rajeev&rft.au=Treanor%2C+Jill&rft.au=Mathiason%2C+Nick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fpolitics%2F2011%2Fsep%2F30%2Fcity-conservatives-donations&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-305"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-305">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-28542408">"Labour was best-funded UK political party in 2013"</a>. BBC News. 29 July 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20180424043844/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-28542408">Archived</a> from the original on 24 April 2018. Retrieved 21 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Labour+was+best-funded+UK+political+party+in+2013&rft.date=2014-07-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-politics-28542408&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-306"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-306">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.electoralcommission.org.uk/find-information-by-subject/political-parties-campaigning-and-donations/political-parties-annual-accounts/details-of-accounts">"Details of party accounts since 2002"</a>. Electoral Commission. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20170430091934/http://www.electoralcommission.org.uk/find-information-by-subject/political-parties-campaigning-and-donations/political-parties-annual-accounts/details-of-accounts">Archived</a> from the original on 30 April 2017. Retrieved 15 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Details+of+party+accounts+since+2002&rft.pub=Electoral+Commission&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.electoralcommission.org.uk%2Ffind-information-by-subject%2Fpolitical-parties-campaigning-and-donations%2Fpolitical-parties-annual-accounts%2Fdetails-of-accounts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-TCI-25Aug2017-307"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-TCI-25Aug2017_307-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.theconstructionindex.co.uk/news/view/tories-buouyed-by-construction-donations">"Tories boosted by construction donations"</a>. The Construction Index. 25 August 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20170825103548/http://www.theconstructionindex.co.uk/news/view/tories-buouyed-by-construction-donations">Archived</a> from the original on 25 August 2017. Retrieved 25 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Construction+Index&rft.atitle=Tories+boosted+by+construction+donations&rft.date=2017-08-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theconstructionindex.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fview%2Ftories-buouyed-by-construction-donations&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-TimesFeb22-308"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-TimesFeb22_308-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGabriel_PogrundHenry_Zeffman2022" class="citation news cs1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gabriel_Pogrund?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gabriel Pogrund">Gabriel Pogrund</a>; Henry Zeffman (20 February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/the-ultra-rich-tory-donors-with-access-to-boris-johnsons-top-team-96bvcwcxl">"The Tory donors with access to Boris Johnson's top team"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Times?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Times">The Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20220309213103/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/the-ultra-rich-tory-donors-with-access-to-boris-johnsons-top-team-96bvcwcxl">Archived</a> from the original on 9 March 2022. Retrieved 8 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=The+Tory+donors+with+access+to+Boris+Johnson%27s+top+team&rft.date=2022-02-20&rft.au=Gabriel+Pogrund&rft.au=Henry+Zeffman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Farticle%2Fthe-ultra-rich-tory-donors-with-access-to-boris-johnsons-top-team-96bvcwcxl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-guardian29/12/2022-309"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-guardian29/12/2022_309-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMason2022" class="citation news cs1">Mason, Rowena (29 December 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2022/dec/29/one-in-10-tory-peers-have-given-more-than-100000-to-party">"One in 10 Tory peers have given more than £100,000 to party"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20221229183501/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2022/dec/29/one-in-10-tory-peers-have-given-more-than-100000-to-party">Archived</a> from the original on 29 December 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=One+in+10+Tory+peers+have+given+more+than+%C2%A3100%2C000+to+party&rft.date=2022-12-29&rft.aulast=Mason&rft.aufirst=Rowena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fpolitics%2F2022%2Fdec%2F29%2Fone-in-10-tory-peers-have-given-more-than-100000-to-party&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-NYTBradley-310">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-NYTBradley_310-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-NYTBradley_310-1">b</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-NYTBradley_310-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBradley2022" class="citation news cs1">Bradley, Jane (12 May 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/12/world/europe/russian-money-uk-tories.html">"Major Donation to U.K. Conservative Party Was Flagged Over Russia Concerns"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_New_York_Times?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Retrieved 4 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Major+Donation+to+U.K.+Conservative+Party+Was+Flagged+Over+Russia+Concerns&rft.date=2022-05-12&rft.aulast=Bradley&rft.aufirst=Jane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2022%2F05%2F12%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Frussian-money-uk-tories.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-311"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-311">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.thenational.scot/news/19946067.uk-conservative-partys-links-russian-money-donors/">"These are the Conservative Party's secretive links to Russia"</a>. The National. 23 February 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230804070828/https://www.thenational.scot/news/19946067.uk-conservative-partys-links-russian-money-donors/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 August 2023. Retrieved 4 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+National&rft.atitle=These+are+the+Conservative+Party%27s+secretive+links+to+Russia&rft.date=2022-02-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenational.scot%2Fnews%2F19946067.uk-conservative-partys-links-russian-money-donors%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-PoliticoWebber-312">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-PoliticoWebber_312-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-PoliticoWebber_312-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWebber2022" class="citation news cs1">Webber, Esther (7 March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.politico.eu/article/britain-tories-russian-money-oligarch/">"Why Britain's Tories are addicted to Russian money"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Politico?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Politico">Politico</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230804070827/https://www.politico.eu/article/britain-tories-russian-money-oligarch/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 August 2023. Retrieved 4 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=Why+Britain%27s+Tories+are+addicted+to+Russian+money&rft.date=2022-03-07&rft.aulast=Webber&rft.aufirst=Esther&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.eu%2Farticle%2Fbritain-tories-russian-money-oligarch%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-313"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-313">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUngoed-Thomas2022" class="citation news cs1">Ungoed-Thomas, Jon (26 March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/mar/26/russian-born-husband-of-tory-donor-earned-millions-via-oligarch-connections">"Russian-born husband of Tory donor 'earned millions via oligarch connections'"</a>. The Observer. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0029-7712">0029-7712</a>. 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Retrieved 17 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Conservative+Party+ministers+bankrolled+by+donors+linked+to+Russia&rft.date=2020-07-23&rft.aulast=Greenwood&rft.aufirst=George&rft.au=Midolo%2C+Emanuele&rft.au=O%27Neill%2C+Sean&rft.au=Fisher%2C+Lucy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Farticle%2Fconservative-party-ministers-bankrolled-by-donors-linked-to-russia-2hm5jhwpx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-316"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-316">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://goodlawproject.org/revealed-the-tories-are-still-receiving-funds-from-russia-linked-donors/">"Revealed: The Tories are still receiving funds from Russia-linked donors"</a>. 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Retrieved 4 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Good+Law+Project&rft.atitle=Revealed%3A+The+Tories+are+still+receiving+funds+from+Russia-linked+donors&rft.date=2023-04-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgoodlawproject.org%2Frevealed-the-tories-are-still-receiving-funds-from-russia-linked-donors%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-317"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-317">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalker2022" class="citation news cs1">Walker, Peter (23 February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2022/feb/23/oligarchs-funding-tories">"Party funding linked to Russia – how much have Tories benefited?"</a>. The Guardian. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. 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The Telegraph. Retrieved 17 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Tories+will+keep+Russia-linked+donations+totalling+%C2%A31.93+million%2C+says+Liz+Truss&rft.date=2022-02-23&rft.aulast=Gutteridge&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fpolitics%2F2022%2F02%2F23%2Ftories-will-keep-russia-linked-donations-totalling-193-million%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-guardian_03062009-319">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-guardian_03062009_319-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-guardian_03062009_319-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTraynor2009" class="citation news cs1">Traynor, Ian (2 June 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2009/jun/02/david-cameron-alliance-polish-nationalists">"Anti-gay, climate change deniers: meet David Cameron's new friends"</a>. The Guardian. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130906181732/http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2009/jun/02/david-cameron-alliance-polish-nationalists">Archived</a> from the original on 6 September 2013. Retrieved 2 June 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Anti-gay%2C+climate+change+deniers%3A+meet+David+Cameron%27s+new+friends&rft.date=2009-06-02&rft.aulast=Traynor&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fpolitics%2F2009%2Fjun%2F02%2Fdavid-cameron-alliance-polish-nationalists&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Bruce1992-320">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bruce1992_320-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bruce1992_320-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBruce1992" class="citation book cs1">Bruce, Brendan (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DgXiGAAAAMAAJ">Images of Power: How the Image Makers Shape Our Leaders</a>. London: Kogan Page Ltd. p. 120. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0749406691?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-0749406691"><bdi>978-0749406691</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20211108140521/https://books.google.com/books?id%3DgXiGAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 8 November 2021. Retrieved 23 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Images+of+Power%3A+How+the+Image+Makers+Shape+Our+Leaders&rft.place=London&rft.pages=120&rft.pub=Kogan+Page+Ltd&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0749406691&rft.aulast=Bruce&rft.aufirst=Brendan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgXiGAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-321"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-321">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRanney1985" class="citation book cs1">Ranney, Austin (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DekqIAAAAMAAJ">Britain at the polls, 1983: a study of the general election</a>. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press. p. 43. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0822306191?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-0822306191"><bdi>978-0822306191</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20211108140521/https://books.google.com/books?id%3DekqIAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 8 November 2021. Retrieved 23 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Britain+at+the+polls%2C+1983%3A+a+study+of+the+general+election&rft.place=Durham%2C+North+Carolina&rft.pages=43&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-0822306191&rft.aulast=Ranney&rft.aufirst=Austin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DekqIAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-322"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-322">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosenbaum1996" class="citation book cs1">Rosenbaum, Martin (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DvyO_DAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA203">From Soapbox to Soundbite: Party Political Campaigning in Britain since 1945</a>. London: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 203. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781349253111?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/9781349253111"><bdi>9781349253111</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20211108140521/https://www.google.com/books/edition/From_Soapbox_to_Soundbite/vyO_DAAAQBAJ?hl%3Den%26gbpv%3D1%26pg%3DPA203%26printsec%3Dfrontcover">Archived</a> from the original on 8 November 2021. Retrieved 23 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Soapbox+to+Soundbite%3A+Party+Political+Campaigning+in+Britain+since+1945&rft.place=London&rft.pages=203&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9781349253111&rft.aulast=Rosenbaum&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvyO_DAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA203&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-323"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-323">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/5348630.stm">"Tories show off 'scribbled' logo"</a>. BBC News. 15 September 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20220715142234/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/5348630.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 15 July 2022. Retrieved 17 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Tories+show+off+%27scribbled%27+logo&rft.date=2006-09-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2F5348630.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-324"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-324">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones2007" class="citation web cs1">Jones, George (8 August 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1559765/Tory-oak-tree-logo-turns-blue.html">"Tory Oak Tree Logo Turns Blue"</a>. www.telegraph.co.uk Limited. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20170613054715/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1559765/Tory-oak-tree-logo-turns-blue.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 June 2017. Retrieved 17 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.telegraph.co.uk+Limited&rft.atitle=Tory+Oak+Tree+Logo+Turns+Blue&rft.date=2007-08-08&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuknews%2F1559765%2FTory-oak-tree-logo-turns-blue.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-325"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-325">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHodgson2017" class="citation web cs1">Hodgson, Stewart (17 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fabrikbrands.com/history-of-political-party-logos/">"The history of political party logos and what they really mean"</a>. fabrikbrands.com. Fabrik Brands. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20180330154804/http://fabrikbrands.com/history-of-political-party-logos/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 March 2018. Retrieved 17 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=fabrikbrands.com&rft.atitle=The+history+of+political+party+logos+and+what+they+really+mean&rft.date=2017-05-17&rft.aulast=Hodgson&rft.aufirst=Stewart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffabrikbrands.com%2Fhistory-of-political-party-logos%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-326"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-326">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMulholland2009" class="citation web cs1">Mulholland, Hélène (28 August 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2009/aug/28/tories-gay-rainbow-logo">"Tories seek to win gay vote with new rainbow logo"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130907031028/http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2009/aug/28/tories-gay-rainbow-logo">Archived</a> from the original on 7 September 2013. Retrieved 17 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Tories+seek+to+win+gay+vote+with+new+rainbow+logo&rft.date=2009-08-28&rft.aulast=Mulholland&rft.aufirst=H%C3%A9l%C3%A8ne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fpolitics%2F2009%2Faug%2F28%2Ftories-gay-rainbow-logo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-new_identity-327"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-new_identity_327-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/4446864.stm">"UK Politics – Cameron: Tories need new identity"</a>. BBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20090223160452/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/4446864.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 23 February 2009. Retrieved 24 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=UK+Politics+%E2%80%93+Cameron%3A+Tories+need+new+identity&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fuk_politics%2F4446864.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-328"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-328">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-14115047">"Introducing Cameronism"</a>. BBC News. 11 July 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425081144/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-14115047">Archived</a> from the original on 25 April 2012. Retrieved 2 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Introducing+Cameronism&rft.date=2011-07-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-14115047&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-329"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-329">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.ft.com/content/8b3b58b4-8bc7-11e6-8cb7-e7ada1d123b1">"A Christian Democrat leadership for the UK"</a>. Financial Times. 7 October 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20161013220801/https://www.ft.com/content/8b3b58b4-8bc7-11e6-8cb7-e7ada1d123b1">Archived</a> from the original on 13 October 2016. Retrieved 22 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=A+Christian+Democrat+leadership+for+the+UK&rft.date=2016-10-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2F8b3b58b4-8bc7-11e6-8cb7-e7ada1d123b1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-330"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-330">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016061229/https://gees.org/documentos/Documen-783.pdf">"Document 783"</a> (PDF). GEES. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://gees.org/documentos/Documen-783.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 16 October 2013. Retrieved 18 June 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Document+783&rft.pub=GEES&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgees.org%2Fdocumentos%2FDocumen-783.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-331"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-331">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichard_Seymour2011" class="citation news cs1">Richard Seymour (3 March 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/mar/03/david-cameron-neoconservative-cabinet">"The siren song of the neocons in David Cameron's cabinet"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221111849/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/mar/03/david-cameron-neoconservative-cabinet">Archived</a> from the original on 21 December 2016. Retrieved 11 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+siren+song+of+the+neocons+in+David+Cameron%27s+cabinet&rft.date=2011-03-03&rft.au=Richard+Seymour&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fcommentisfree%2F2011%2Fmar%2F03%2Fdavid-cameron-neoconservative-cabinet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-whitaker-332"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-whitaker_332-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLynchWhitaker2012" class="citation news cs1">Lynch, Philip; Whitaker, Richard (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502003650/http://moodle.bbk.ac.uk/pluginfile.php/219644/mod_page/content/59/bjpi526.pdf">"Where There is Discord, Can They Bring Harmony? 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Retrieved 3 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Spectator&rft.atitle=Who+are+the+New+Conservatives%3F&rft.date=2023-07-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spectator.co.uk%2Fpodcast%2Fwho-are-the-new-conservatives%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> </ol> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"> <h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style> <div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul> <li>Bale, Tim. The Conservatives since 1945: the Drivers of Party Change. (2012, Oxford University Press <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-923437-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-923437-0">978-0-19-923437-0</a>)</li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBale2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tim_Bale?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tim Bale">Bale, Tim</a> (2011). The Conservative Party: From Thatcher to Cameron. Cambridge, England: Polity Press. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7456-4858-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7456-4858-3"><bdi>978-0-7456-4858-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Conservative+Party%3A+From+Thatcher+to+Cameron&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+England&rft.pub=Polity+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-7456-4858-3&rft.aulast=Bale&rft.aufirst=Tim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Ball, Stuart. Portrait of a Party: The Conservative Party in Britain 1918–1945 (Oxford UP, 2013).</li> <li>Beer, Samuel. "The Conservative Party of Great Britain," Journal of Politics 14#1 (February 1952), pp. 41–71 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2126388">in JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215132009/https://www.jstor.org/stable/2126388">Archived</a> 15 December 2018 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlake2011" class="citation book cs1">Blake, Robert (2011). The Conservative Party from Peel to Major (4th ed.). London: Faber Finds.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Conservative+Party+from+Peel+to+Major&rft.place=London&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Faber+Finds&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Blake&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Blake, Robert and Louis William Roger, eds. Churchill: A Major New Reassessment of His Life in Peace and War (Oxford UP, 1992), 581 pp; 29 essays by scholars on specialized topics</li> <li>Blake, Robert. The Conservative Party From Peel To Churchill (1970) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/download/in.ernet.dli.2015.117670/2015.117670.The-Conservative-Party-From-Peel-To-Churchill.pdf">online</a></li> <li>Bulmer-Thomas, Ivor. The Growth of the British Party System Volume I: 1640–1923 (1965); The Growth of the British Party System Volume II: 1924–1964, revised to 1966 Conservative-Labour Confrontation (1967)</li> <li>Campbell, John. Margaret Thatcher; Volume Two: The Iron Lady (Pimlico (2003). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7126-6781-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/0-7126-6781-4">0-7126-6781-4</a></li> <li>Charmley, John. "Tories and Conservatives." in David Brown, Robert Crowcroft, and Gordon Pentland eds., The Oxford Handbook of Modern British Political History, 1800–2000 (2018): 306.</li> <li>Dorey, Peter; Garnett, Mark; Denham, Andrew. From Crisis to Coalition: The Conservative Party, 1997–2010 (2011) Palgrave Macmillan. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-230-54238-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-230-54238-9">978-0-230-54238-9</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.amazon.com/Crisis-Coalition-Conservative-Party-1997-2010/dp/0230542387/">excerpt and text search</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160616234840/https://www.amazon.com/Crisis-Coalition-Conservative-Party-1997-2010/dp/0230542387">Archived</a> 16 June 2016 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li> ——— . British conservatism: the politics and philosophy of inequality (IB Tauris, 2010), Covers more than just political party.</li> <li>Ensor, R. C. K. England, 1870–1914 (1936) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/england187019140000enso">online</a></li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvans2004" class="citation book cs1">Evans, Eric J. (2004). Thatcher and Thatcherism.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thatcher+and+Thatcherism&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=Eric+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Garnett, Mark, and Philip Lynch. The conservatives in crisis: the Tories after 1997 (1994)</li> <li>Green, E. H. H. Ideologies of conservatism: conservative political ideas in the twentieth century (2004)</li> <li>Green, E. H. H. The Crisis of Conservatism: The Politics, Economics and Ideology of the British Conservative Party, 1880–1914 (1995).</li> <li> ——— . The Crisis of conservatism: The politics, economics, and ideology of the British Conservative Party, 1880–1914 (1996)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Robert_Harris_(author)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Harris (author)">Harris, Robert</a>. The Conservatives – A History (2011) Bantam Press <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-593-06511-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-593-06511-2">978-0-593-06511-2</a></li> <li>Hayton, Richard, and Andrew Scott Crines, eds. Conservative orators from Baldwin to Cameron (2015).</li> <li>Hazell, Robert and Ben Yong, eds. The Politics of Coalition: How the Conservative-Liberal Democrat Government Works (Hart Publishing, 2012).</li> <li>Heppell, Timothy, and David Seawright, eds. Cameron and the Conservatives: The Transition to Coalition Government (Palgrave Macmillan, 2012).</li> <li>King, Anthony, ed. British Political Opinion 1937–2000: The Gallup Polls (2001)</li> <li>Lawrence, Jon. Electing Our Masters: The Hustings in British Politics from Hogarth to Blair (Oxford University Press, 2009) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.amazon.com/Electing-Our-Masters-Hustings-Politics-ebook/dp/B005NJS8K2/">excerpt and text search</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160503095149/http://www.amazon.com/Electing-Our-Masters-Hustings-Politics-ebook/dp/B005NJS8K2">Archived</a> 3 May 2016 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li>McKenzie, R. T., and A. Silver. Angels in Marble: Working-class Conservatives in Urban England (1968)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mowat,_Charles_Loch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Mowat, Charles Loch">Mowat, Charles Loch</a>. Britain between the Wars, 1918–1940 (1955) 694 pp;</li> <li>Norton, Bruce F. Politics in Britain (2007) textbook</li> <li>Parry, J. P. "Disraeli and England," Historical Journal 43#3 (2000), pp. 699–728 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3020975">in JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20180909150642/https://www.jstor.org/stable/3020975">Archived</a> 9 September 2018 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaterson2001" class="citation book cs1">Paterson, David (2001). Liberalism and Conservatism, 1846–1905.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Liberalism+and+Conservatism%2C+1846%E2%80%931905&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Paterson&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Powell, David. British Politics, 1910–1935: The Crisis of the Party System (2004)</li> <li>Roberts, Andrew. Churchill: Walking with Destiny (2018), a fully detailed biography.</li> <li>Reitan, Earl Aaron. The Thatcher Revolution: Margaret Thatcher, John Major, Tony Blair, and the Transformation of Modern Britain, 1979–2001 (2003) Rowman & Littlefield. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7425-2203-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/0-7425-2203-2">0-7425-2203-2</a></li> <li>Searle, G. R. A New England?: Peace and War 1886–1918 (2005) 976pp broad survey</li> <li>Seldon, Anthony and Stuart Ball, eds. Conservative Century: The Conservative Party since 1900 (1994) 896pp; essays by experts <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198202387.001.0001/acprof-9780198202387">Contents</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129045114/http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198202387.001.0001/acprof-9780198202387">Archived</a> 29 November 2014 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li>Shannon, Richard. The Age of Disraeli, 1868–1881: The Rise of Tory Democracy (A History of the Conservative Party Series) (1992)</li> <li>Shannon, Richard. The Age of Salisbury, 1881–1902: Unionism and Empire (A History of the Conservative Party) (1996)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Snowdon,_Peter?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Snowdon, Peter">Snowdon, Peter</a>. Back from the Brink: The Extraordinary Fall and Rise of the Conservative Party (2010) HarperPress <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-00-730884-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-00-730884-2">978-0-00-730884-2</a></li> <li>Taylor, A. J. P. English History, 1914–1945 (1965), a standard political history of the era</li> <li>Thackeray, David. "Home and Politics: Women and Conservative Activism in Early Twentieth‐Century Britain," Journal of British Studies (2010) 49#4 pp. 826–48.</li> <li>Windscheffel, Alex. "Men or Measures? Conservative Party Politics, 1815–1951," Historical Journal Vol. 45, No. 4 (December 2002), pp. 937–51 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3133535">in JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215122121/https://www.jstor.org/stable/3133535">Archived</a> 15 December 2018 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Historiography">Historiography</h3> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"> <div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 40em"> <ul> <li>Crowson, N. J., ed. The Longman Companion to the Conservative Party Since 1830 (2001); chronologies; relations with women, minorities, trade unions, EU, Ireland, social reform and empire.</li> <li>Harrison, Brian. "Margaret Thatcher's Impact on Historical Writing", in William Roger Louis, ed., Irrepressible Adventures with Britannia: Personalities, Politics, and Culture in Britain (London, 2013), 307–21.</li> <li>Kowol, Kit. "Renaissance on the Right? New Directions in the History of the Post-War Conservative Party." Twentieth Century British History 27#2 (2016): 290–304. online <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKowol2016" class="citation journal cs1">Kowol, Kit (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.academia.edu/24731956">"Renaissance on the Right? New Directions in the History of the Post-War Conservative Party"</a>. Twentieth Century British History. 27 (2): 290–304. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doi_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1093%252Ftcbh%252Fhww012">10.1093/tcbh/hww012</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20170721223510/http://www.academia.edu/24731956/Renaissance_on_the_Right_New_Directions_in_the_History_of_the_Post-War_Conservative_Party">Archived</a> from the original on 21 July 2017. Retrieved 16 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Twentieth+Century+British+History&rft.atitle=Renaissance+on+the+Right%3F+New+Directions+in+the+History+of+the+Post-War+Conservative+Party&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=290-304&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Ftcbh%2Fhww012&rft.aulast=Kowol&rft.aufirst=Kit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F24731956&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+Party+%28UK%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Porter, Bernard. "'Though Not an Historian Myself...'Margaret Thatcher and the Historians." Twentieth Century British History 5#2 (1994): 246–56.</li> <li>Turner, John. "The British Conservative Party in the Twentieth Century: from Beginning to End?." Contemporary European History 8#2 (1999): 275–87.</li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"> <h2 id="External_links">External links</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-12 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-12"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output 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text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20070203083101/http://www.conservativesni.com/">Archived</a> 3 February 2007 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160722212655/http://www.scottishconservatives.com/">Conservatives in Scotland</a> (archived)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.bracknellconservatives.org.uk/sites/www.bracknellconservatives.org.uk/files/constitution_0.pdf">Constitution of the Conservative Party</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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08:56 </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konserwatiewe_Party_(Verenigde_Koninkryk)" title="Konserwatiewe Party (Verenigde Koninkryk) – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Konserwatiewe Party (Verenigde Koninkryk)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AD%25D8%25B2%25D8%25A8_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2585%25D8%25AD%25D8%25A7%25D9%2581%25D8%25B8%25D9%258A%25D9%2586_(%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2585%25D9%2585%25D9%2584%25D9%2583%25D8%25A9_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2585%25D8%25AA%25D8%25AD%25D8%25AF%25D8%25A9)" title="حزب المحافظين (المملكة المتحدة) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حزب المحافظين (المملكة المتحدة)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party_(Reino_Uniu)" title="Conservative Party (Reino Uniu) – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Conservative Party (Reino Uniu)" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%25C3%25BChafiz%25C9%2599karlar_Partiyas%25C4%25B1_(B%25C3%25B6y%25C3%25BCk_Britaniya)" title="Mühafizəkarlar Partiyası (Böyük Britaniya) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Mühafizəkarlar Partiyası (Böyük Britaniya)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2585%25D9%2588%25D8%25AD%25D8%25A7%25D9%2581%25DB%258C%25D8%25B8%25D9%2587%25E2%2580%258C%25DA%25A9%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1_%25D8%25AD%25DB%258C%25D8%25B2%25D8%25A8%25DB%258C_(%25D8%25A8%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7)" title="موحافیظه‌کار حیزبی (بریتانیا) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="موحافیظه‌کار حیزبی (بریتانیا)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A6%2595%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25B7%25E0%25A6%25A3%25E0%25A6%25B6%25E0%25A7%2580%25E0%25A6%25B2_%25E0%25A6%25A6%25E0%25A6%25B2_(%25E0%25A6%25AF%25E0%25A7%2581%25E0%25A6%2595%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25A4%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%259C%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25AF)" title="রক্ষণশীল দল (যুক্তরাজ্য) – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রক্ষণশীল দল (যুক্তরাজ্য)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%25C3%25B3-si%25C3%25BA_T%25C3%25B3ng_(Li%25C3%25A2n-ha%25CC%258Dp_%25C3%2594ng-kok)" title="Pó-siú Tóng (Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok) – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Pó-siú Tóng (Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D3%25A9%25D0%25B9%25D3%25A9%25D0%25BA_%25D0%2591%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F%25D0%25BD%25D1%258B%25D2%25A3_%25D0%259A%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D1%2581%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B2_%25D1%2584%25D0%25B8%25D1%2580%25D2%25A1%25D3%2599%25D2%25BB%25D0%25B5" title="Бөйөк Британияның Консерватив фирҡәһе – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Бөйөк Британияның Консерватив фирҡәһе" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2581%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D1%258B%25D1%259E%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D1%258F_%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D1%2582%25D1%258B%25D1%258F_(%25D0%2592%25D1%258F%25D0%25BB%25D1%2596%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B1%25D1%2580%25D1%258B%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2596%25D1%258F)" title="Кансерватыўная партыя (Вялікабрытанія) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кансерватыўная партыя (Вялікабрытанія)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2581%25D1%258D%25D1%2580%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D1%258B%25D1%259E%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D1%258F_%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D1%2582%25D1%258B%25D1%258F_(%25D0%2592%25D1%258F%25D0%25BB%25D1%2596%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B1%25D1%2580%25D1%258B%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2596%25D1%258F)" title="Кансэрватыўная партыя (Вялікабрытанія) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Кансэрватыўная партыя (Вялікабрытанія)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D1%2581%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F_(%25D0%259E%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BE_%25D0%25BA%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE)" title="Консервативна партия (Обединено кралство) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Консервативна партия (Обединено кралство)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konzervativna_stranka_(Ujedinjeno_Kraljevstvo)" title="Konzervativna stranka (Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo) – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Konzervativna stranka (Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strollad_Mirour_(R.U.)" title="Strollad Mirour (R.U.) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Strollad Mirour (R.U.)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partit_Conservador_(Regne_Unit)" title="Partit Conservador (Regne Unit) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Partit Conservador (Regne Unit)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konzervativn%25C3%25AD_strana_(Spojen%25C3%25A9_kr%25C3%25A1lovstv%25C3%25AD)" title="Konzervativní strana (Spojené království) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Konzervativní strana (Spojené království)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y_Blaid_Geidwadol_(DU)" title="Y Blaid Geidwadol (DU) – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Y Blaid Geidwadol (DU)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konservative_Parti_(Storbritannien)" title="Konservative Parti (Storbritannien) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Konservative Parti (Storbritannien)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party" title="Conservative Party – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Conservative Party" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konservatiivne_Partei" title="Konservatiivne Partei – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Konservatiivne Partei" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%25A3%25CF%2585%25CE%25BD%25CF%2584%25CE%25B7%25CF%2581%25CE%25B7%25CF%2584%25CE%25B9%25CE%25BA%25CF%258C_%25CE%259A%25CF%258C%25CE%25BC%25CE%25BC%25CE%25B1_(%25CE%2597%25CE%25BD%25CF%2589%25CE%25BC%25CE%25AD%25CE%25BD%25CE%25BF_%25CE%2592%25CE%25B1%25CF%2583%25CE%25AF%25CE%25BB%25CE%25B5%25CE%25B9%25CE%25BF)" title="Συντηρητικό Κόμμα (Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Συντηρητικό Κόμμα (Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partido_Conservador_(Reino_Unido)" title="Partido Conservador (Reino Unido) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Partido Conservador (Reino Unido)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konservativa_Partio_(Britio)" title="Konservativa Partio (Britio) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Konservativa Partio (Britio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erresuma_Batuko_Alderdi_Kontserbadorea" title="Erresuma Batuko Alderdi Kontserbadorea – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Erresuma Batuko Alderdi Kontserbadorea" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AD%25D8%25B2%25D8%25A8_%25D9%2585%25D8%25AD%25D8%25A7%25D9%2581%25D8%25B8%25D9%2587%25E2%2580%258C%25DA%25A9%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1_(%25D8%25A8%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7)" title="حزب محافظه‌کار (بریتانیا) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="حزب محافظه‌کار (بریتانیا)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konservativi_Flokkurin_(UK)" title="Konservativi Flokkurin (UK) – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Konservativi Flokkurin (UK)" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parti_conservateur_(Royaume-Uni)" title="Parti conservateur (Royaume-Uni) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Parti conservateur (Royaume-Uni)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_P%25C3%25A1irt%25C3%25AD_Coime%25C3%25A1dach_(An_R%25C3%25ADocht_Aontaithe)" title="An Páirtí Coimeádach (An Ríocht Aontaithe) – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Páirtí Coimeádach (An Ríocht Aontaithe)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partido_Conservador_(Reino_Unido)" title="Partido Conservador (Reino Unido) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Partido Conservador (Reino Unido)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EB%25B3%25B4%25EC%2588%2598%25EB%258B%25B9_(%25EC%2598%2581%25EA%25B5%25AD)" title="보수당 (영국) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="보수당 (영국)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D5%2584%25D5%25A5%25D5%25AE_%25D4%25B2%25D6%2580%25D5%25AB%25D5%25BF%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B6%25D5%25AB%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B5%25D5%25AB_%25D5%25BA%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B0%25D5%25BA%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B6%25D5%25B8%25D5%25B2%25D5%25A1%25D5%25AF%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B6_%25D5%25AF%25D5%25B8%25D6%2582%25D5%25BD%25D5%25A1%25D5%25AF%25D6%2581%25D5%25B8%25D6%2582%25D5%25A9%25D5%25B5%25D5%25B8%25D6%2582%25D5%25B6" title="Մեծ Բրիտանիայի պահպանողական կուսակցություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մեծ Բրիտանիայի պահպանողական կուսակցություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A4%2582%25E0%25A4%259C%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B5%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%259F%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25B5_%25E0%25A4%25AA%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%259F%25E0%25A5%2580_(%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A5%2582%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%2587)" title="कंजर्वेटिव पार्टी (यूके) – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कंजर्वेटिव पार्टी (यूके)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konzervativna_stranka_(UK)" title="Konzervativna stranka (UK) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Konzervativna stranka (UK)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konservema_Partiso_(Unionita_Rejio)" title="Konservema Partiso (Unionita Rejio) – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Konservema Partiso (Unionita Rejio)" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partai_Konservatif_(Britania_Raya)" title="Partai Konservatif (Britania Raya) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Partai Konservatif (Britania Raya)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%258Dhaldsflokkurinn_(Bretland)" title="Íhaldsflokkurinn (Bretland) – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Íhaldsflokkurinn (Bretland)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partito_Conservatore_(Regno_Unito)" title="Partito Conservatore (Regno Unito) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Partito Conservatore (Regno Unito)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%2594%25D7%259E%25D7%25A4%25D7%259C%25D7%2592%25D7%2594_%25D7%2594%25D7%25A9%25D7%259E%25D7%25A8%25D7%25A0%25D7%2599%25D7%25AA_(%25D7%2594%25D7%259E%25D7%259E%25D7%259C%25D7%259B%25D7%2594_%25D7%2594%25D7%259E%25D7%2590%25D7%2595%25D7%2597%25D7%2593%25D7%25AA)" title="המפלגה השמרנית (הממלכה המאוחדת) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="המפלגה השמרנית (הממלכה המאוחדת)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%2599%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%25A1%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2595%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%25A2%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%25A3%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2598_%25E1%2583%259E%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%25A2%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2590_(%25E1%2583%2592%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2597%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%2591%25E1%2583%25A3%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2598_%25E1%2583%25A1%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%259B%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%25A4%25E1%2583%259D)" title="კონსერვატიული პარტია (გაერთიანებული სამეფო) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კონსერვატიული პარტია (გაერთიანებული სამეფო)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D2%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D1%258B%25D0%25B1%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F_%25D0%25BA%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D1%2581%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B2%25D1%2582%25D1%2596_%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F%25D1%2581%25D1%258B" title="Ұлыбритания консервативті партиясы – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ұлыбритания консервативті партиясы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parti_Gwithadorek" title="Parti Gwithadorek – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Parti Gwithadorek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factio_conservativa_(Britanniarum_Regnum)" title="Factio conservativa (Britanniarum Regnum) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Factio conservativa (Britanniarum Regnum)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konservat%25C4%25ABv%25C4%2581_partija_(Apvienot%25C4%2581_Karaliste)" title="Konservatīvā partija (Apvienotā Karaliste) – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Konservatīvā partija (Apvienotā Karaliste)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party_(Vereenegt_Kinnekr%25C3%25A4ich)" title="Conservative Party (Vereenegt Kinnekräich) – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Conservative Party (Vereenegt Kinnekräich)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konservatori%25C5%25B3_partija_(Jungtin%25C4%2597_Karalyst%25C4%2597)" title="Konservatorių partija (Jungtinė Karalystė) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Konservatorių partija (Jungtinė Karalystė)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partii_Conservator_del_Regn_Unii" title="Partii Conservator del Regn Unii – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Partii Conservator del Regn Unii" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konzervat%25C3%25ADv_P%25C3%25A1rt_(Egyes%25C3%25BClt_Kir%25C3%25A1lys%25C3%25A1g)" title="Konzervatív Párt (Egyesült Királyság) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Konzervatív Párt (Egyesült Királyság)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D1%2598%25D0%25B0_(%25D0%259E%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B5%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE_%25D0%259A%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE)" title="Конзервативна партија (Обединето Кралство) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Конзервативна партија (Обединето Кралство)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B4%2595%25E0%25B5%25BA%25E0%25B4%25B8%25E0%25B5%25BC%25E0%25B4%25B5%25E0%25B5%2587%25E0%25B4%25B1%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25B1%25E0%25B4%25BF%25E0%25B4%25B5%25E0%25B5%258D_%25E0%25B4%25AA%25E0%25B4%25BE%25E0%25B5%25BC%25E0%25B4%259F%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%259F%25E0%25B4%25BF_(%25E0%25B4%25AF%25E0%25B5%2581%25E0%25B4%25A3%25E0%25B5%2588%25E0%25B4%25B1%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25B1%25E0%25B4%25A1%25E0%25B5%258D_%25E0%25B4%2595%25E0%25B4%25BF%25E0%25B4%2599%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25A1%25E0%25B4%2582)" title="കൺസർവേറ്റിവ് പാർട്ടി (യുണൈറ്റഡ് കിങ്ഡം) – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കൺസർവേറ്റിവ് പാർട്ടി (യുണൈറ്റഡ് കിങ്ഡം)" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B9%25E0%25A5%2581%25E0%25A4%259C%25E0%25A5%2582%25E0%25A4%25B0_%25E0%25A4%25AA%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B7" title="हुजूर पक्ष – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="हुजूर पक्ष" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%2599%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%25A1%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2595%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%25A2%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%25A3%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2598_%25E1%2583%259E%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%25A2%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2590_(%25E1%2583%2592%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2597%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%25A4%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2598_%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%259B%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%25A4%25E1%2583%2594)" title="კონსერვატიული პარტია (გოართოიანაფილი ომაფე) – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კონსერვატიული პარტია (გოართოიანაფილი ომაფე)" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AD%25D8%25B2%25D8%25A8_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2585%25D8%25AD%25D8%25A7%25D9%2581%25D8%25B8%25D9%258A%25D9%2586_(%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2585%25D9%2585%25D9%2584%25D9%2583%25D9%2587_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2585%25D8%25AA%25D8%25AD%25D8%25AF%25D9%2587)" title="حزب المحافظين (المملكه المتحده) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="حزب المحافظين (المملكه المتحده)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parti_Konservatif_(United_Kingdom)" title="Parti Konservatif (United Kingdom) – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Parti Konservatif (United Kingdom)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D1%2581%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B2_%25D0%259D%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BC_(%25D0%2598%25D1%2585_%25D0%2591%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8)" title="Консерватив Нам (Их Британи) – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Консерватив Нам (Их Британи)" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%2580%25E1%2580%25BD%25E1%2580%2594%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%2586%25E1%2580%25AC%25E1%2580%2597%25E1%2580%25B1%25E1%2580%25B8%25E1%2580%2590%25E1%2580%2585%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%2595%25E1%2580%25AB%25E1%2580%2590%25E1%2580%25AE_(%25E1%2580%259A%25E1%2580%25B0%25E1%2580%2580%25E1%2580%25B1)" title="ကွန်ဆာဗေးတစ်ပါတီ (ယူကေ) – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကွန်ဆာဗေးတစ်ပါတီ (ယူကေ)" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party_(Verenigd_Koninkrijk)" title="Conservative Party (Verenigd Koninkrijk) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Conservative Party (Verenigd Koninkrijk)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%259C%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AD%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%259F%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AD_%25E0%25A4%25AA%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%259F%25E0%25A5%2580_(%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%2582%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A5%2581%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25A4_%25E0%25A4%2585%25E0%25A4%25A7%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%259C%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AF)" title="कन्जर्भेटिभ पार्टी (संयुक्त अधिराज्य) – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="कन्जर्भेटिभ पार्टी (संयुक्त अधिराज्य)" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E4%25BF%259D%25E5%25AE%2588%25E5%2585%259A_(%25E3%2582%25A4%25E3%2582%25AE%25E3%2583%25AA%25E3%2582%25B9)" title="保守党 (イギリス) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="保守党 (イギリス)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_konservative_parti_(Storbritannia)" title="Det konservative parti (Storbritannia) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Det konservative parti (Storbritannia)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_konservative_partiet_i_Storbritannia" title="Det konservative partiet i Storbritannia – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Det konservative partiet i Storbritannia" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konservatorlar_partiyasi" title="Konservatorlar partiyasi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Konservatorlar partiyasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DA%25A9%25D9%2586%25D8%25B2%25D8%25B1%25D9%2588%25DB%258C%25D9%25B9%25D9%2588_%25D9%25BE%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D9%25B9%25DB%258C_(%25D8%25A8%25D8%25B1%25D8%25B7%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25DB%258C%25DB%2581)" title="کنزرویٹو پارٹی (برطانیہ) – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کنزرویٹو پارٹی (برطانیہ)" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partia_Konserwatywna_(Wielka_Brytania)" title="Partia Konserwatywna (Wielka Brytania) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Partia Konserwatywna (Wielka Brytania)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partido_Conservador_(Reino_Unido)" title="Partido Conservador (Reino Unido) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Partido Conservador (Reino Unido)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partidul_Conservator_(Regatul_Unit)" title="Partidul Conservator (Regatul Unit) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Partidul Conservator (Regatul Unit)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D1%2581%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D1%258F_%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F_%25D0%2592%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B1%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B8" title="Консервативная партия Великобритании – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Консервативная партия Великобритании" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tory_an_Unionist_Pairty" title="Tory an Unionist Pairty – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Tory an Unionist Pairty" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partia_Konservatore_e_Mbret%25C3%25ABris%25C3%25AB_s%25C3%25AB_Bashkuar" title="Partia Konservatore e Mbretërisë së Bashkuar – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Partia Konservatore e Mbretërisë së Bashkuar" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Conservative Party (UK)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" 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