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Independent Scholar, Late Antiquity reenactor.<br /><br />MA in Antiquities (Scienze dell'Antichità, Università degli Studi di Genova)<br /><div class="js-profile-less-about u-linkUnstyled u-tcGrayDarker u-textDecorationUnderline u-displayNone">less</div></div></div><div class="ri-section"><div class="ri-section-header"><span>Interests</span><a class="ri-more-link js-profile-ri-list-card" data-click-track="profile-user-info-primary-research-interest" data-has-card-for-ri-list="4080329">View All (25)</a></div><div class="ri-tags-container"><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="4080329" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lombards"><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" 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id="social-redesign-work-container"><div class="upload-header"><h2 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-xs">Uploads</h2></div><div class="nav-container backbone-profile-documents-nav hidden-xs"><ul class="nav-tablist" role="tablist"><li class="nav-chip active" role="presentation"><a data-section-name="" data-toggle="tab" href="#all" role="tab">all</a></li><li class="nav-chip" role="presentation"><a class="js-profile-docs-nav-section u-textTruncate" data-click-track="profile-works-tab" data-section-name="Papers" data-toggle="tab" href="#papers" role="tab" title="Papers"><span>4</span> <span class="ds2-5-body-sm-bold">Papers</span></a></li><li class="nav-chip" role="presentation"><a class="js-profile-docs-nav-section u-textTruncate" data-click-track="profile-works-tab" data-section-name="Nuova-Antologia-Militare-Journal-of-Sism" data-toggle="tab" href="#nuovaantologiamilitarejournalofsism" role="tab" title="Nuova Antologia Militare. 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This article has the aim to analyze the extant evidence concerning training, feats of arms and the evidence of single combat itself in the Eastern Roman<br />Empire (from Late Antiquity to the Middle Ages).</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="af5c0d0b5d99ca3b23db69039ead62a7" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":111883908,"asset_id":115491891,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/111883908/download_file?st=MTczMzk3NDM5OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="115491891"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="115491891"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115491891; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115491891]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115491891]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115491891; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='115491891']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 115491891, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "af5c0d0b5d99ca3b23db69039ead62a7" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=115491891]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":115491891,"title":"The Art of Single Combat in the Eastern Roman Empire","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.36158/97888929586231","issue":"17","volume":"5","abstract":"Though we do not usually associate the art of single combat with the\nEastern Roman Empire, we know from the sources that Eastern Roman soldiers were well trained for single fight – indeed, a needed skill in any professional army – and that they often engaged in duels, both with enemy’s “champions” or in the heat of battle. 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Considerazioni sulla battaglia dello Scultenna (643) e sull'esercito esarcale (VI-VIII secolo)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/105994266/_a_parte_Romanorum_octo_milia_numerus_Considerazioni_sulla_battaglia_dello_Scultenna_643_e_sullesercito_esarcale_VI_VIII_secolo_">“[…] a parte Romanorum octo milia numerus”. Considerazioni sulla battaglia dello Scultenna (643) e sull'esercito esarcale (VI-VIII secolo)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">It’s widely accepted that the number of eight thousand Byzantine soldiers slaughtered at the batt...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">It’s widely accepted that the number of eight thousand Byzantine soldiers slaughtered at the battle of the Scultenna river (643), reported by Paul the Deacon, using as his source the Origo Gentis Langobardorum, has been greatly exaggerated, mainly to glorify the winner of the fight, the Lombard king Rothari, and as a mere indication of his apparently overwhelming victory. However, this number also represents the only numerical indication from direct sources about the army of Ravenna between 6th and 8th century (the only other number for an Imperial army of the period in Italy, though not the army of Ravenna, is given for the battle of Forino, fought in the year 663). Moreover, historians tended to disregard this number only on the basis of caution and by considering that armies of the same period usually couldn’t even reach such numbers (a not surely verifiable notion, at times even contradicted by period sources). The aim of this article is to analyze more precisely and in dept why the number of eight thousand fallen soldiers given by the Origo and Paul the Deacon is indeed exaggerated, and also to give a plausible estimate of the actual forces under the direct command of the Exarch at the battle of the Scultenna river, particularly the troops stationed in Ravenna, using a comparative approach between written sources between the 6th and 8th century, by using modern studies and estimates of the strength of the Byzantine army and by considering the available epigraphic evidences linked to the Imperial forces in Italy.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="105994266"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="105994266"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 105994266; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=105994266]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=105994266]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 105994266; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='105994266']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 105994266, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=105994266]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":105994266,"title":"“[…] a parte Romanorum octo milia numerus”. 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Moreover, historians tended to disregard this number only on the basis of caution and by considering that armies of the same period usually couldn’t even reach such numbers (a not surely verifiable notion, at times even contradicted by period sources). The aim of this article is to analyze more precisely and in dept why the number of eight thousand fallen soldiers given by the Origo and Paul the Deacon is indeed exaggerated, and also to give a plausible estimate of the actual forces under the direct command of the Exarch at the battle of the Scultenna river, particularly the troops stationed in Ravenna, using a comparative approach between written sources between the 6th and 8th century, by using modern studies and estimates of the strength of the Byzantine army and by considering the available epigraphic evidences linked to the Imperial forces in Italy.","publisher":"DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2022,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)"},"translated_abstract":"It’s widely accepted that the number of eight thousand Byzantine soldiers slaughtered at the battle of the Scultenna river (643), reported by Paul the Deacon, using as his source the Origo Gentis Langobardorum, has been greatly exaggerated, mainly to glorify the winner of the fight, the Lombard king Rothari, and as a mere indication of his apparently overwhelming victory. However, this number also represents the only numerical indication from direct sources about the army of Ravenna between 6th and 8th century (the only other number for an Imperial army of the period in Italy, though not the army of Ravenna, is given for the battle of Forino, fought in the year 663). Moreover, historians tended to disregard this number only on the basis of caution and by considering that armies of the same period usually couldn’t even reach such numbers (a not surely verifiable notion, at times even contradicted by period sources). The aim of this article is to analyze more precisely and in dept why the number of eight thousand fallen soldiers given by the Origo and Paul the Deacon is indeed exaggerated, and also to give a plausible estimate of the actual forces under the direct command of the Exarch at the battle of the Scultenna river, particularly the troops stationed in Ravenna, using a comparative approach between written sources between the 6th and 8th century, by using modern studies and estimates of the strength of the Byzantine army and by considering the available epigraphic evidences linked to the Imperial forces in Italy.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/105994266/_a_parte_Romanorum_octo_milia_numerus_Considerazioni_sulla_battaglia_dello_Scultenna_643_e_sullesercito_esarcale_VI_VIII_secolo_","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-08-27T03:05:00.567-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":4080329,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"_a_parte_Romanorum_octo_milia_numerus_Considerazioni_sulla_battaglia_dello_Scultenna_643_e_sullesercito_esarcale_VI_VIII_secolo_","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"It’s widely accepted that the number of eight thousand Byzantine soldiers slaughtered at the battle of the Scultenna river (643), reported by Paul the Deacon, using as his source the Origo Gentis Langobardorum, has been greatly exaggerated, mainly to glorify the winner of the fight, the Lombard king Rothari, and as a mere indication of his apparently overwhelming victory. However, this number also represents the only numerical indication from direct sources about the army of Ravenna between 6th and 8th century (the only other number for an Imperial army of the period in Italy, though not the army of Ravenna, is given for the battle of Forino, fought in the year 663). Moreover, historians tended to disregard this number only on the basis of caution and by considering that armies of the same period usually couldn’t even reach such numbers (a not surely verifiable notion, at times even contradicted by period sources). The aim of this article is to analyze more precisely and in dept why the number of eight thousand fallen soldiers given by the Origo and Paul the Deacon is indeed exaggerated, and also to give a plausible estimate of the actual forces under the direct command of the Exarch at the battle of the Scultenna river, particularly the troops stationed in Ravenna, using a comparative approach between written sources between the 6th and 8th century, by using modern studies and estimates of the strength of the Byzantine army and by considering the available epigraphic evidences linked to the Imperial forces in Italy.","owner":{"id":4080329,"first_name":"Mattia","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Caprioli","page_name":"MattiaCaprioli","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2013-05-06T22:23:02.406-07:00","display_name":"Mattia Caprioli","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MattiaCaprioli"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":951,"name":"Humanities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humanities"},{"id":107297,"name":"Byzantine Army","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Byzantine_Army"},{"id":155815,"name":"Bisanzio","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bisanzio"},{"id":366866,"name":"Exarchate of Ravenna","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exarchate_of_Ravenna"},{"id":1018523,"name":"Early Byzantine Army","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Byzantine_Army"},{"id":2948521,"name":"Esarcato di Ravenna","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Esarcato_di_Ravenna"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="68234273"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/68234273/_a_parte_Romanorum_octo_milia_numerus_Considerazioni_sulla_battaglia_dello_Scultenna_643_e_sull_esercito_esarcale_VI_VIII_secolo_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of “[…] a parte Romanorum octo milia numerus”. Considerazioni sulla battaglia dello Scultenna (643) e sull’esercito esarcale (VI-VIII secolo)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/78783283/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/68234273/_a_parte_Romanorum_octo_milia_numerus_Considerazioni_sulla_battaglia_dello_Scultenna_643_e_sull_esercito_esarcale_VI_VIII_secolo_">“[…] a parte Romanorum octo milia numerus”. Considerazioni sulla battaglia dello Scultenna (643) e sull’esercito esarcale (VI-VIII secolo)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Nuova Antologia Militare</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">It’s widely accepted that the number of eight thousand Byzantine soldiers slaughtered at the batt...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">It’s widely accepted that the number of eight thousand Byzantine<br />soldiers slaughtered at the battle of the Scultenna river (643), reported by Paul the Deacon, using as his source the Origo Gentis Langobardorum, has been greatly exaggerated, mainly to glorify the winner of the fight, the Lombard king Rothari, and as a mere indication of his apparently overwhelming victory. However, this number also represents the only numerical indication from direct sources about the army of Ravenna between 6th and 8th century (the only other number for an Imperial army of the period in Italy, though not the army of Ravenna, is given for the battle of Forino, fought in the year 663). Moreover, historians tended to<br />disregard this number only on the basis of caution and by considering that armies of the same period usually couldn’t even reach such numbers (a not surely verifiable notion, at times even contradicted by period sources). The aim of this article is to analyze more precisely and in dept why the number of eight thousand fallen soldiers given by the Origo and Paul the Deacon is indeed exaggerated, and also to give a plausible estimate of the actual forces under the direct command of the Exarch at the battle of the Scultenna river, particularly the troops stationed in Ravenna, using a comparative approach between written sources between the 6th and 8th century, by using modern studies and estimates of the strength of the<br />Byzantine army and by considering the available epigraphic evidences linked to the Imperial forces in Italy.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="21aba09f11c445a61a8e9cccd4086b29" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":78783283,"asset_id":68234273,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78783283/download_file?st=MTczMzk3NDM5OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="68234273"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="68234273"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 68234273; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=68234273]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=68234273]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 68234273; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='68234273']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 68234273, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "21aba09f11c445a61a8e9cccd4086b29" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=68234273]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":68234273,"title":"“[…] a parte Romanorum octo milia numerus”. 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Moreover, historians tended to\ndisregard this number only on the basis of caution and by considering that armies of the same period usually couldn’t even reach such numbers (a not surely verifiable notion, at times even contradicted by period sources). The aim of this article is to analyze more precisely and in dept why the number of eight thousand fallen soldiers given by the Origo and Paul the Deacon is indeed exaggerated, and also to give a plausible estimate of the actual forces under the direct command of the Exarch at the battle of the Scultenna river, particularly the troops stationed in Ravenna, using a comparative approach between written sources between the 6th and 8th century, by using modern studies and estimates of the strength of the\nByzantine army and by considering the available epigraphic evidences linked to the Imperial forces in Italy. 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Moreover, historians tended to\ndisregard this number only on the basis of caution and by considering that armies of the same period usually couldn’t even reach such numbers (a not surely verifiable notion, at times even contradicted by period sources). The aim of this article is to analyze more precisely and in dept why the number of eight thousand fallen soldiers given by the Origo and Paul the Deacon is indeed exaggerated, and also to give a plausible estimate of the actual forces under the direct command of the Exarch at the battle of the Scultenna river, particularly the troops stationed in Ravenna, using a comparative approach between written sources between the 6th and 8th century, by using modern studies and estimates of the strength of the\nByzantine army and by considering the available epigraphic evidences linked to the Imperial forces in Italy. ","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/68234273/_a_parte_Romanorum_octo_milia_numerus_Considerazioni_sulla_battaglia_dello_Scultenna_643_e_sull_esercito_esarcale_VI_VIII_secolo_","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-01-15T01:36:12.168-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":4080329,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":78783283,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/78783283/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"138325.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78783283/download_file?st=MTczMzk3NDM5OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"a_parte_Romanorum_octo_milia_numerus_Co.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/78783283/138325-libre.pdf?1642242639=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3Da_parte_Romanorum_octo_milia_numerus_Co.pdf\u0026Expires=1733977087\u0026Signature=NjfW3TuvQHjEtxZ3Jiy~BbicHKE2U3Y2fpFpO4Vsc1rZlzvzxJE7oMzomves8iixVrFkyfsOt35geEZxqgBjcPthuJAowM1AAHb9kdd7WhGCv4k2VMwKKxGSfiWO1vSX4rDOlGVkyJlX4IL-aIPEN9BhlV5dbGLUuUJGSWGG4kIlG6y2wyYAZoNaevyBBDItXw8kwWtpCqOKX6Fm0e1PDOacL8pxnlMCiMGCh-b49SfwcSoItTOqLR9x0ZBFeyKgYzhvuF5mB6y7i7CQELic-CUxiP9C-k8W9KriWHukaT0D6kGFprd0rwTTmSKhfK7nhs3OkR76RaKqMRGV3baV6g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"_a_parte_Romanorum_octo_milia_numerus_Considerazioni_sulla_battaglia_dello_Scultenna_643_e_sull_esercito_esarcale_VI_VIII_secolo_","translated_slug":"","page_count":20,"language":"it","content_type":"Work","summary":"It’s widely accepted that the number of eight thousand Byzantine\nsoldiers slaughtered at the battle of the Scultenna river (643), reported by Paul the Deacon, using as his source the Origo Gentis Langobardorum, has been greatly exaggerated, mainly to glorify the winner of the fight, the Lombard king Rothari, and as a mere indication of his apparently overwhelming victory. However, this number also represents the only numerical indication from direct sources about the army of Ravenna between 6th and 8th century (the only other number for an Imperial army of the period in Italy, though not the army of Ravenna, is given for the battle of Forino, fought in the year 663). Moreover, historians tended to\ndisregard this number only on the basis of caution and by considering that armies of the same period usually couldn’t even reach such numbers (a not surely verifiable notion, at times even contradicted by period sources). The aim of this article is to analyze more precisely and in dept why the number of eight thousand fallen soldiers given by the Origo and Paul the Deacon is indeed exaggerated, and also to give a plausible estimate of the actual forces under the direct command of the Exarch at the battle of the Scultenna river, particularly the troops stationed in Ravenna, using a comparative approach between written sources between the 6th and 8th century, by using modern studies and estimates of the strength of the\nByzantine army and by considering the available epigraphic evidences linked to the Imperial forces in Italy. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="44042649"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/44042649/Equestrian_Military_Equipment_of_the_Eastern_Roman_Armies_in_the_Sixth_and_Seventh_Centuries"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Equestrian Military Equipment of the Eastern Roman Armies in the Sixth and Seventh Centuries" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/64382609/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/44042649/Equestrian_Military_Equipment_of_the_Eastern_Roman_Armies_in_the_Sixth_and_Seventh_Centuries">Equestrian Military Equipment of the Eastern Roman Armies in the Sixth and Seventh Centuries</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Materiality of the Horse</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Abstract – The present study compares and takes an in-depth look at archaeological, written and i...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Abstract – The present study compares and takes an in-depth look at archaeological, written and iconographical evidences of the Eastern Roman equestrian military equipment during 6th - 7th centuries, between the reigns of the emperors Justinian and Heraclius.<br />The evidences for Eastern Roman equestrian military equipment are compared with sources from territory and cultures outside the empire (e.g. the Sasanians and the Àvars), with the aim to look for any external influence.<br />Also, some major issues related to the subject are analyzed, such as: the production of the equestrian military equipment, which seems to be unrelated with the imperial fabricae of military gear; how widespread was the actual use of horse armours in the Eastern Roman army between 6th and 7th century, since apparently there are huge discrepancies between military manuals prescriptions, iconographical sources and archaeological evidence; how widespread actually was<br />the use of the newly introduced stirrups, which are for the first time mentioned in the Strategikon by emperor Maurice Tiberius; the possibility of the usage of at least two different types of saddle in the<br />Eastern Roman army of the period.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="e04e5be1d5821af3806cd73c9b7beca5" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":64382609,"asset_id":44042649,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64382609/download_file?st=MTczMzk3NDM5OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="44042649"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44042649"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44042649; 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how widespread was the actual use of horse armours in the Eastern Roman army between 6th and 7th century, since apparently there are huge discrepancies between military manuals prescriptions, iconographical sources and archaeological evidence; how widespread actually was\nthe use of the newly introduced stirrups, which are for the first time mentioned in the Strategikon by emperor Maurice Tiberius; the possibility of the usage of at least two different types of saddle in the\nEastern Roman army of the period.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2020,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"The Materiality of the Horse"},"translated_abstract":"Abstract – The present study compares and takes an in-depth look at archaeological, written and iconographical evidences of the Eastern Roman equestrian military equipment during 6th - 7th centuries, between the reigns of the emperors Justinian and Heraclius.\nThe evidences for Eastern Roman equestrian military equipment are compared with sources from territory and cultures outside the empire (e.g. the Sasanians and the Àvars), with the aim to look for any external influence.\nAlso, some major issues related to the subject are analyzed, such as: the production of the equestrian military equipment, which seems to be unrelated with the imperial fabricae of military gear; how widespread was the actual use of horse armours in the Eastern Roman army between 6th and 7th century, since apparently there are huge discrepancies between military manuals prescriptions, iconographical sources and archaeological evidence; how widespread actually was\nthe use of the newly introduced stirrups, which are for the first time mentioned in the Strategikon by emperor Maurice Tiberius; the possibility of the usage of at least two different types of saddle in the\nEastern Roman army of the period.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/44042649/Equestrian_Military_Equipment_of_the_Eastern_Roman_Armies_in_the_Sixth_and_Seventh_Centuries","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2020-09-08T07:09:23.755-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":4080329,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64382609,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/64382609/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"8-%20Mattia%20Caprioli[1].pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64382609/download_file?st=MTczMzk3NDM5OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Equestrian_Military_Equipment_of_the_Eas.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/64382609/8-%2520Mattia%2520Caprioli%5B1%5D.pdf?1599573680=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DEquestrian_Military_Equipment_of_the_Eas.pdf\u0026Expires=1733977087\u0026Signature=I-c4t6N3PgjEt6ff8e2befm1ActC7VQrrM0ELTlD7Gy7bttzMW7JV6Qui3DeOYJUZ7YuYwqSP6WOtQ-sK2rYU3r3RUweRjePY2GoiI83weNeJwK0gSduAaKtW7mhZ5t4EGZRDOzEAzi5G0Rd~Yx2FJRahErZ9CSXmsEcuaIzSUWDDTye6FDbXgBHu0jSIyWjZ2pIdiyMPr2dT2r~4yvg1pW5dDuj4pyqlOcHuZqMa5arWTinUjRQAcNAZqvfWGwcSC6JbhQXmTwHJWl7xQiIubhi5cyOXhAoLuxaK0rAI74~wUZ6OmAeHUb3645BRlaXwwg2o0tjAGSF58FtNQR8cw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Equestrian_Military_Equipment_of_the_Eastern_Roman_Armies_in_the_Sixth_and_Seventh_Centuries","translated_slug":"","page_count":17,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Abstract – The present study compares and takes an in-depth look at archaeological, written and iconographical evidences of the Eastern Roman equestrian military equipment during 6th - 7th centuries, between the reigns of the emperors Justinian and Heraclius.\nThe evidences for Eastern Roman equestrian military equipment are compared with sources from territory and cultures outside the empire (e.g. the Sasanians and the Àvars), with the aim to look for any external influence.\nAlso, some major issues related to the subject are analyzed, such as: the production of the equestrian military equipment, which seems to be unrelated with the imperial fabricae of military gear; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Nuova Antologia Militare. Journal of Sism" id="Nuova Antologia Militare. Journal of Sism"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Nuova Antologia Militare. Journal of Sism by Mattia Caprioli</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="68153140"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/68153140/Nuova_Antologia_Militare_NAM_Issue_No_9_Medieval_Military_History"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Nuova Antologia Militare NAM Issue No. 9 Medieval Military History" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/78730400/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/68153140/Nuova_Antologia_Militare_NAM_Issue_No_9_Medieval_Military_History">Nuova Antologia Militare NAM Issue No. 9 Medieval Military History</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" rel="nofollow" href="https://cattolica.academia.edu/VirgilioIlari">Virgilio Ilari</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MarcoMerlo">Marco Merlo</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/fabioromanoni">Fabio Romanoni</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://hammondschool.academia.edu/TuckerMillion">Tucker Million</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MattiaCaprioli">Mattia Caprioli</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://unibo.academia.edu/FedericoLandini">Federico Landini</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SandroTiberini">Sandro Tiberini</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Nuova Antologia Militare</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">NAM, III, Issue No 9, January 2022, edited by Marco Merlo, Antonio Musarra, Fabio Romanoni and Pe...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">NAM, III, Issue No 9, January 2022, edited by Marco Merlo, Antonio Musarra, Fabio Romanoni and Peter Sposato. Articles by Sergio Masini, Sandro Tiberini, Marco Merlo, Massimo Corradi, Claudia Tacchella, Tucker Million, Nicolò Maggio, Riccardo Masini,  Mattia Caprioli, Federico Landini, Marco Franzoni, Giovanni Coppola, Francesco Angelini, Lorenzo Mercuri, Marco Conti, Nicolò Maggio, Sara Serenelli, Giovanni Mazzini, Emanuele Brun, Filippo Vaccaro, Andrea Raffaele Aquino    .</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="a81333bae09ec505bf83cc9c552aa441" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":78730400,"asset_id":68153140,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78730400/download_file?st=MTczMzk3NDM5OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="68153140"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="68153140"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 68153140; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=68153140]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=68153140]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 68153140; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='68153140']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 68153140, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "a81333bae09ec505bf83cc9c552aa441" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=68153140]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":68153140,"title":"Nuova Antologia Militare NAM Issue No. 9 Medieval Military History","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"NAM, III, Issue No 9, January 2022, edited by Marco Merlo, Antonio Musarra, Fabio Romanoni and Peter Sposato. 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Un eroe è colui che, in situazioni disperate o ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">[<a href="https://amzn.to/47OW8Zb" rel="nofollow">https://amzn.to/47OW8Zb</a>] <br />Che cos'è un eroe? <br /> <br />Un eroe è colui che, in situazioni disperate o di estremo pericolo, dà prova di valore, coraggio, spirito di abnegazione e sacrificio, compiendo azioni straordinarie, a volte al limite dell'impossibile. <br /> <br />La storia è ricca di esempi di individui o di gruppi di uomini che si sono distinti sul campo di battaglia per le loro imprese a dispetto dei rischi e delle difficoltà. Che si trattasse di affrontare un nemico più forte o di mettere a repentaglio la vita per salvare i propri compagni o dei civili, le imprese di questi soldati sono celebrate e raccontate ancora oggi sui libri, ma anche nei romanzi, nei film e nelle serie TV. <br /> <br />Dalla battaglia delle Termopili a quella di Alamo, da Shiroyama a El Alamein, dall'assedio di Osowiec alla carica di Balaklava, Mattia Caprioli conduce il lettore alla scoperta delle imprese militari più eroiche e leggendarie di sempre. Quando i soldati diventano eroi: la storia delle battaglie entrate nella leggenda</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="cc1656282f14b2fb70f596186192a950" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":107688172,"asset_id":109617581,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/107688172/download_file?st=MTczMzk3NDM5OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="109617581"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="109617581"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109617581; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109617581]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109617581]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109617581; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='109617581']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 109617581, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "cc1656282f14b2fb70f596186192a950" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=109617581]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":109617581,"title":"Le battaglie più eroiche della Storia","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"[https://amzn.to/47OW8Zb]\r\nChe cos'è un eroe? \r\n\r\nUn eroe è colui che, in situazioni disperate o di estremo pericolo, dà prova di valore, coraggio, spirito di abnegazione e sacrificio, compiendo azioni straordinarie, a volte al limite dell'impossibile. \r\n\r\nLa storia è ricca di esempi di individui o di gruppi di uomini che si sono distinti sul campo di battaglia per le loro imprese a dispetto dei rischi e delle difficoltà. Che si trattasse di affrontare un nemico più forte o di mettere a repentaglio la vita per salvare i propri compagni o dei civili, le imprese di questi soldati sono celebrate e raccontate ancora oggi sui libri, ma anche nei romanzi, nei film e nelle serie TV. \r\n\r\nDalla battaglia delle Termopili a quella di Alamo, da Shiroyama a El Alamein, dall'assedio di Osowiec alla carica di Balaklava, Mattia Caprioli conduce il lettore alla scoperta delle imprese militari più eroiche e leggendarie di sempre. 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Che si trattasse di affrontare un nemico più forte o di mettere a repentaglio la vita per salvare i propri compagni o dei civili, le imprese di questi soldati sono celebrate e raccontate ancora oggi sui libri, ma anche nei romanzi, nei film e nelle serie TV. \r\n\r\nDalla battaglia delle Termopili a quella di Alamo, da Shiroyama a El Alamein, dall'assedio di Osowiec alla carica di Balaklava, Mattia Caprioli conduce il lettore alla scoperta delle imprese militari più eroiche e leggendarie di sempre. 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Che si trattasse di affrontare un nemico più forte o di mettere a repentaglio la vita per salvare i propri compagni o dei civili, le imprese di questi soldati sono celebrate e raccontate ancora oggi sui libri, ma anche nei romanzi, nei film e nelle serie TV. \r\n\r\nDalla battaglia delle Termopili a quella di Alamo, da Shiroyama a El Alamein, dall'assedio di Osowiec alla carica di Balaklava, Mattia Caprioli conduce il lettore alla scoperta delle imprese militari più eroiche e leggendarie di sempre. 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This article has the aim to analyze the extant evidence concerning training, feats of arms and the evidence of single combat itself in the Eastern Roman<br />Empire (from Late Antiquity to the Middle Ages).</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="af5c0d0b5d99ca3b23db69039ead62a7" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":111883908,"asset_id":115491891,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/111883908/download_file?st=MTczMzk3NDM5OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="115491891"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="115491891"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115491891; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115491891]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115491891]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115491891; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='115491891']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 115491891, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "af5c0d0b5d99ca3b23db69039ead62a7" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=115491891]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":115491891,"title":"The Art of Single Combat in the Eastern Roman Empire","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.36158/97888929586231","issue":"17","volume":"5","abstract":"Though we do not usually associate the art of single combat with the\nEastern Roman Empire, we know from the sources that Eastern Roman soldiers were well trained for single fight – indeed, a needed skill in any professional army – and that they often engaged in duels, both with enemy’s “champions” or in the heat of battle. This article has the aim to analyze the extant evidence concerning training, feats of arms and the evidence of single combat itself in the Eastern Roman\nEmpire (from Late Antiquity to the Middle Ages).","page_numbers":"7-34","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2024,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Nuova Antologia Militare"},"translated_abstract":"Though we do not usually associate the art of single combat with the\nEastern Roman Empire, we know from the sources that Eastern Roman soldiers were well trained for single fight – indeed, a needed skill in any professional army – and that they often engaged in duels, both with enemy’s “champions” or in the heat of battle. This article has the aim to analyze the extant evidence concerning training, feats of arms and the evidence of single combat itself in the Eastern Roman\nEmpire (from Late Antiquity to the Middle Ages).","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/115491891/The_Art_of_Single_Combat_in_the_Eastern_Roman_Empire","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-02-27T03:49:05.536-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":4080329,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":111883908,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/111883908/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"NAM_N._17._1._CAPRIOLI_The_Art_of_Single_Combat_in_the_Eastern_Roman_Empire.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/111883908/download_file?st=MTczMzk3NDM5OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"The_Art_of_Single_Combat_in_the_Eastern.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/111883908/NAM_N._17._1._CAPRIOLI_The_Art_of_Single_Combat_in_the_Eastern_Roman_Empire-libre.pdf?1709037425=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_Art_of_Single_Combat_in_the_Eastern.pdf\u0026Expires=1733977087\u0026Signature=LlS7DZyeWu2pHdlxqWvj~1TMZXktr6tC06izVGGlrNvHCpDxJGX8LIfw~RaCmRDEiEX8ekjXXTnOUEhnT-6j5XQjy~gQJmpg7Jvbk8wG5MBTAvYbfuZsYxANHdUIE9-pb9-9UdkcYo8WdmrVvKS5mq9ix7QGhcYianHRYfYAI7vvhRebgAeXgkiFXvG4Gl7lkbDZKI71fd1vrc2IyRWrJklZ9N0XnF41b0iORsaltGq0tLuUXezvjhqPhiwXS9GOTVcFJvBXf9xx~U-fPs1DI67-U2JYwY-nVd0k87fglsdBkw6sjL~UwjgRXJSouf9Oo00fMfvhOGm99dG8XMWZCQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"The_Art_of_Single_Combat_in_the_Eastern_Roman_Empire","translated_slug":"","page_count":34,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Though we do not usually associate the art of single combat with the\nEastern Roman Empire, we know from the sources that Eastern Roman soldiers were well trained for single fight – indeed, a needed skill in any professional army – and that they often engaged in duels, both with enemy’s “champions” or in the heat of battle. This article has the aim to analyze the extant evidence concerning training, feats of arms and the evidence of single combat itself in the Eastern Roman\nEmpire (from Late Antiquity to the Middle Ages).","owner":{"id":4080329,"first_name":"Mattia","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Caprioli","page_name":"MattiaCaprioli","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2013-05-06T22:23:02.406-07:00","display_name":"Mattia Caprioli","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MattiaCaprioli"},"attachments":[{"id":111883908,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/111883908/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"NAM_N._17._1._CAPRIOLI_The_Art_of_Single_Combat_in_the_Eastern_Roman_Empire.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/111883908/download_file?st=MTczMzk3NDM5OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"The_Art_of_Single_Combat_in_the_Eastern.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/111883908/NAM_N._17._1._CAPRIOLI_The_Art_of_Single_Combat_in_the_Eastern_Roman_Empire-libre.pdf?1709037425=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_Art_of_Single_Combat_in_the_Eastern.pdf\u0026Expires=1733977087\u0026Signature=LlS7DZyeWu2pHdlxqWvj~1TMZXktr6tC06izVGGlrNvHCpDxJGX8LIfw~RaCmRDEiEX8ekjXXTnOUEhnT-6j5XQjy~gQJmpg7Jvbk8wG5MBTAvYbfuZsYxANHdUIE9-pb9-9UdkcYo8WdmrVvKS5mq9ix7QGhcYianHRYfYAI7vvhRebgAeXgkiFXvG4Gl7lkbDZKI71fd1vrc2IyRWrJklZ9N0XnF41b0iORsaltGq0tLuUXezvjhqPhiwXS9GOTVcFJvBXf9xx~U-fPs1DI67-U2JYwY-nVd0k87fglsdBkw6sjL~UwjgRXJSouf9Oo00fMfvhOGm99dG8XMWZCQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":133,"name":"Military History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_History"},{"id":990,"name":"Late Antique and Byzantine History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Antique_and_Byzantine_History"},{"id":991,"name":"Late Antique and Byzantine Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Antique_and_Byzantine_Studies"},{"id":10091,"name":"Byzantine Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Byzantine_Studies"},{"id":31906,"name":"Combat Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Combat_Archaeology"},{"id":46581,"name":"Late Roman Army","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Roman_Army"},{"id":325986,"name":"Historical Fencing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Fencing"},{"id":387553,"name":"History of Fencing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Fencing"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="105994266"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/105994266/_a_parte_Romanorum_octo_milia_numerus_Considerazioni_sulla_battaglia_dello_Scultenna_643_e_sullesercito_esarcale_VI_VIII_secolo_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of “[…] a parte Romanorum octo milia numerus”. Considerazioni sulla battaglia dello Scultenna (643) e sull'esercito esarcale (VI-VIII secolo)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/105994266/_a_parte_Romanorum_octo_milia_numerus_Considerazioni_sulla_battaglia_dello_Scultenna_643_e_sullesercito_esarcale_VI_VIII_secolo_">“[…] a parte Romanorum octo milia numerus”. Considerazioni sulla battaglia dello Scultenna (643) e sull'esercito esarcale (VI-VIII secolo)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">It’s widely accepted that the number of eight thousand Byzantine soldiers slaughtered at the batt...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">It’s widely accepted that the number of eight thousand Byzantine soldiers slaughtered at the battle of the Scultenna river (643), reported by Paul the Deacon, using as his source the Origo Gentis Langobardorum, has been greatly exaggerated, mainly to glorify the winner of the fight, the Lombard king Rothari, and as a mere indication of his apparently overwhelming victory. However, this number also represents the only numerical indication from direct sources about the army of Ravenna between 6th and 8th century (the only other number for an Imperial army of the period in Italy, though not the army of Ravenna, is given for the battle of Forino, fought in the year 663). Moreover, historians tended to disregard this number only on the basis of caution and by considering that armies of the same period usually couldn’t even reach such numbers (a not surely verifiable notion, at times even contradicted by period sources). The aim of this article is to analyze more precisely and in dept why the number of eight thousand fallen soldiers given by the Origo and Paul the Deacon is indeed exaggerated, and also to give a plausible estimate of the actual forces under the direct command of the Exarch at the battle of the Scultenna river, particularly the troops stationed in Ravenna, using a comparative approach between written sources between the 6th and 8th century, by using modern studies and estimates of the strength of the Byzantine army and by considering the available epigraphic evidences linked to the Imperial forces in Italy.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="105994266"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="105994266"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 105994266; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=105994266]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=105994266]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 105994266; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='105994266']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 105994266, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=105994266]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":105994266,"title":"“[…] a parte Romanorum octo milia numerus”. 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Moreover, historians tended to disregard this number only on the basis of caution and by considering that armies of the same period usually couldn’t even reach such numbers (a not surely verifiable notion, at times even contradicted by period sources). The aim of this article is to analyze more precisely and in dept why the number of eight thousand fallen soldiers given by the Origo and Paul the Deacon is indeed exaggerated, and also to give a plausible estimate of the actual forces under the direct command of the Exarch at the battle of the Scultenna river, particularly the troops stationed in Ravenna, using a comparative approach between written sources between the 6th and 8th century, by using modern studies and estimates of the strength of the Byzantine army and by considering the available epigraphic evidences linked to the Imperial forces in Italy.","publisher":"DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2022,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)"},"translated_abstract":"It’s widely accepted that the number of eight thousand Byzantine soldiers slaughtered at the battle of the Scultenna river (643), reported by Paul the Deacon, using as his source the Origo Gentis Langobardorum, has been greatly exaggerated, mainly to glorify the winner of the fight, the Lombard king Rothari, and as a mere indication of his apparently overwhelming victory. However, this number also represents the only numerical indication from direct sources about the army of Ravenna between 6th and 8th century (the only other number for an Imperial army of the period in Italy, though not the army of Ravenna, is given for the battle of Forino, fought in the year 663). Moreover, historians tended to disregard this number only on the basis of caution and by considering that armies of the same period usually couldn’t even reach such numbers (a not surely verifiable notion, at times even contradicted by period sources). The aim of this article is to analyze more precisely and in dept why the number of eight thousand fallen soldiers given by the Origo and Paul the Deacon is indeed exaggerated, and also to give a plausible estimate of the actual forces under the direct command of the Exarch at the battle of the Scultenna river, particularly the troops stationed in Ravenna, using a comparative approach between written sources between the 6th and 8th century, by using modern studies and estimates of the strength of the Byzantine army and by considering the available epigraphic evidences linked to the Imperial forces in Italy.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/105994266/_a_parte_Romanorum_octo_milia_numerus_Considerazioni_sulla_battaglia_dello_Scultenna_643_e_sullesercito_esarcale_VI_VIII_secolo_","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-08-27T03:05:00.567-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":4080329,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"_a_parte_Romanorum_octo_milia_numerus_Considerazioni_sulla_battaglia_dello_Scultenna_643_e_sullesercito_esarcale_VI_VIII_secolo_","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"It’s widely accepted that the number of eight thousand Byzantine soldiers slaughtered at the battle of the Scultenna river (643), reported by Paul the Deacon, using as his source the Origo Gentis Langobardorum, has been greatly exaggerated, mainly to glorify the winner of the fight, the Lombard king Rothari, and as a mere indication of his apparently overwhelming victory. However, this number also represents the only numerical indication from direct sources about the army of Ravenna between 6th and 8th century (the only other number for an Imperial army of the period in Italy, though not the army of Ravenna, is given for the battle of Forino, fought in the year 663). Moreover, historians tended to disregard this number only on the basis of caution and by considering that armies of the same period usually couldn’t even reach such numbers (a not surely verifiable notion, at times even contradicted by period sources). The aim of this article is to analyze more precisely and in dept why the number of eight thousand fallen soldiers given by the Origo and Paul the Deacon is indeed exaggerated, and also to give a plausible estimate of the actual forces under the direct command of the Exarch at the battle of the Scultenna river, particularly the troops stationed in Ravenna, using a comparative approach between written sources between the 6th and 8th century, by using modern studies and estimates of the strength of the Byzantine army and by considering the available epigraphic evidences linked to the Imperial forces in Italy.","owner":{"id":4080329,"first_name":"Mattia","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Caprioli","page_name":"MattiaCaprioli","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2013-05-06T22:23:02.406-07:00","display_name":"Mattia Caprioli","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MattiaCaprioli"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":951,"name":"Humanities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humanities"},{"id":107297,"name":"Byzantine Army","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Byzantine_Army"},{"id":155815,"name":"Bisanzio","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bisanzio"},{"id":366866,"name":"Exarchate of Ravenna","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exarchate_of_Ravenna"},{"id":1018523,"name":"Early Byzantine Army","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Byzantine_Army"},{"id":2948521,"name":"Esarcato di Ravenna","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Esarcato_di_Ravenna"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="68234273"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/68234273/_a_parte_Romanorum_octo_milia_numerus_Considerazioni_sulla_battaglia_dello_Scultenna_643_e_sull_esercito_esarcale_VI_VIII_secolo_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of “[…] a parte Romanorum octo milia numerus”. Considerazioni sulla battaglia dello Scultenna (643) e sull’esercito esarcale (VI-VIII secolo)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/78783283/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/68234273/_a_parte_Romanorum_octo_milia_numerus_Considerazioni_sulla_battaglia_dello_Scultenna_643_e_sull_esercito_esarcale_VI_VIII_secolo_">“[…] a parte Romanorum octo milia numerus”. Considerazioni sulla battaglia dello Scultenna (643) e sull’esercito esarcale (VI-VIII secolo)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Nuova Antologia Militare</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">It’s widely accepted that the number of eight thousand Byzantine soldiers slaughtered at the batt...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">It’s widely accepted that the number of eight thousand Byzantine<br />soldiers slaughtered at the battle of the Scultenna river (643), reported by Paul the Deacon, using as his source the Origo Gentis Langobardorum, has been greatly exaggerated, mainly to glorify the winner of the fight, the Lombard king Rothari, and as a mere indication of his apparently overwhelming victory. However, this number also represents the only numerical indication from direct sources about the army of Ravenna between 6th and 8th century (the only other number for an Imperial army of the period in Italy, though not the army of Ravenna, is given for the battle of Forino, fought in the year 663). Moreover, historians tended to<br />disregard this number only on the basis of caution and by considering that armies of the same period usually couldn’t even reach such numbers (a not surely verifiable notion, at times even contradicted by period sources). The aim of this article is to analyze more precisely and in dept why the number of eight thousand fallen soldiers given by the Origo and Paul the Deacon is indeed exaggerated, and also to give a plausible estimate of the actual forces under the direct command of the Exarch at the battle of the Scultenna river, particularly the troops stationed in Ravenna, using a comparative approach between written sources between the 6th and 8th century, by using modern studies and estimates of the strength of the<br />Byzantine army and by considering the available epigraphic evidences linked to the Imperial forces in Italy.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="21aba09f11c445a61a8e9cccd4086b29" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":78783283,"asset_id":68234273,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78783283/download_file?st=MTczMzk3NDM5OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="68234273"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="68234273"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 68234273; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=68234273]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=68234273]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 68234273; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='68234273']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 68234273, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "21aba09f11c445a61a8e9cccd4086b29" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=68234273]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":68234273,"title":"“[…] a parte Romanorum octo milia numerus”. Considerazioni sulla battaglia dello Scultenna (643) e sull’esercito esarcale (VI-VIII secolo)","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.36158/97888929534821","abstract":"It’s widely accepted that the number of eight thousand Byzantine\nsoldiers slaughtered at the battle of the Scultenna river (643), reported by Paul the Deacon, using as his source the Origo Gentis Langobardorum, has been greatly exaggerated, mainly to glorify the winner of the fight, the Lombard king Rothari, and as a mere indication of his apparently overwhelming victory. However, this number also represents the only numerical indication from direct sources about the army of Ravenna between 6th and 8th century (the only other number for an Imperial army of the period in Italy, though not the army of Ravenna, is given for the battle of Forino, fought in the year 663). Moreover, historians tended to\ndisregard this number only on the basis of caution and by considering that armies of the same period usually couldn’t even reach such numbers (a not surely verifiable notion, at times even contradicted by period sources). The aim of this article is to analyze more precisely and in dept why the number of eight thousand fallen soldiers given by the Origo and Paul the Deacon is indeed exaggerated, and also to give a plausible estimate of the actual forces under the direct command of the Exarch at the battle of the Scultenna river, particularly the troops stationed in Ravenna, using a comparative approach between written sources between the 6th and 8th century, by using modern studies and estimates of the strength of the\nByzantine army and by considering the available epigraphic evidences linked to the Imperial forces in Italy. ","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2022,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Nuova Antologia Militare"},"translated_abstract":"It’s widely accepted that the number of eight thousand Byzantine\nsoldiers slaughtered at the battle of the Scultenna river (643), reported by Paul the Deacon, using as his source the Origo Gentis Langobardorum, has been greatly exaggerated, mainly to glorify the winner of the fight, the Lombard king Rothari, and as a mere indication of his apparently overwhelming victory. However, this number also represents the only numerical indication from direct sources about the army of Ravenna between 6th and 8th century (the only other number for an Imperial army of the period in Italy, though not the army of Ravenna, is given for the battle of Forino, fought in the year 663). Moreover, historians tended to\ndisregard this number only on the basis of caution and by considering that armies of the same period usually couldn’t even reach such numbers (a not surely verifiable notion, at times even contradicted by period sources). The aim of this article is to analyze more precisely and in dept why the number of eight thousand fallen soldiers given by the Origo and Paul the Deacon is indeed exaggerated, and also to give a plausible estimate of the actual forces under the direct command of the Exarch at the battle of the Scultenna river, particularly the troops stationed in Ravenna, using a comparative approach between written sources between the 6th and 8th century, by using modern studies and estimates of the strength of the\nByzantine army and by considering the available epigraphic evidences linked to the Imperial forces in Italy. 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However, this number also represents the only numerical indication from direct sources about the army of Ravenna between 6th and 8th century (the only other number for an Imperial army of the period in Italy, though not the army of Ravenna, is given for the battle of Forino, fought in the year 663). Moreover, historians tended to\ndisregard this number only on the basis of caution and by considering that armies of the same period usually couldn’t even reach such numbers (a not surely verifiable notion, at times even contradicted by period sources). The aim of this article is to analyze more precisely and in dept why the number of eight thousand fallen soldiers given by the Origo and Paul the Deacon is indeed exaggerated, and also to give a plausible estimate of the actual forces under the direct command of the Exarch at the battle of the Scultenna river, particularly the troops stationed in Ravenna, using a comparative approach between written sources between the 6th and 8th century, by using modern studies and estimates of the strength of the\nByzantine army and by considering the available epigraphic evidences linked to the Imperial forces in Italy. 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how widespread was the actual use of horse armours in the Eastern Roman army between 6th and 7th century, since apparently there are huge discrepancies between military manuals prescriptions, iconographical sources and archaeological evidence; how widespread actually was<br />the use of the newly introduced stirrups, which are for the first time mentioned in the Strategikon by emperor Maurice Tiberius; the possibility of the usage of at least two different types of saddle in the<br />Eastern Roman army of the period.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="e04e5be1d5821af3806cd73c9b7beca5" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":64382609,"asset_id":44042649,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64382609/download_file?st=MTczMzk3NDM5OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="44042649"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44042649"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44042649; 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how widespread was the actual use of horse armours in the Eastern Roman army between 6th and 7th century, since apparently there are huge discrepancies between military manuals prescriptions, iconographical sources and archaeological evidence; how widespread actually was\nthe use of the newly introduced stirrups, which are for the first time mentioned in the Strategikon by emperor Maurice Tiberius; the possibility of the usage of at least two different types of saddle in the\nEastern Roman army of the period.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2020,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"The Materiality of the Horse"},"translated_abstract":"Abstract – The present study compares and takes an in-depth look at archaeological, written and iconographical evidences of the Eastern Roman equestrian military equipment during 6th - 7th centuries, between the reigns of the emperors Justinian and Heraclius.\nThe evidences for Eastern Roman equestrian military equipment are compared with sources from territory and cultures outside the empire (e.g. the Sasanians and the Àvars), with the aim to look for any external influence.\nAlso, some major issues related to the subject are analyzed, such as: the production of the equestrian military equipment, which seems to be unrelated with the imperial fabricae of military gear; how widespread was the actual use of horse armours in the Eastern Roman army between 6th and 7th century, since apparently there are huge discrepancies between military manuals prescriptions, iconographical sources and archaeological evidence; how widespread actually was\nthe use of the newly introduced stirrups, which are for the first time mentioned in the Strategikon by emperor Maurice Tiberius; the possibility of the usage of at least two different types of saddle in the\nEastern Roman army of the period.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/44042649/Equestrian_Military_Equipment_of_the_Eastern_Roman_Armies_in_the_Sixth_and_Seventh_Centuries","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2020-09-08T07:09:23.755-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":4080329,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64382609,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/64382609/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"8-%20Mattia%20Caprioli[1].pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64382609/download_file?st=MTczMzk3NDM5OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Equestrian_Military_Equipment_of_the_Eas.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/64382609/8-%2520Mattia%2520Caprioli%5B1%5D.pdf?1599573680=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DEquestrian_Military_Equipment_of_the_Eas.pdf\u0026Expires=1733977087\u0026Signature=I-c4t6N3PgjEt6ff8e2befm1ActC7VQrrM0ELTlD7Gy7bttzMW7JV6Qui3DeOYJUZ7YuYwqSP6WOtQ-sK2rYU3r3RUweRjePY2GoiI83weNeJwK0gSduAaKtW7mhZ5t4EGZRDOzEAzi5G0Rd~Yx2FJRahErZ9CSXmsEcuaIzSUWDDTye6FDbXgBHu0jSIyWjZ2pIdiyMPr2dT2r~4yvg1pW5dDuj4pyqlOcHuZqMa5arWTinUjRQAcNAZqvfWGwcSC6JbhQXmTwHJWl7xQiIubhi5cyOXhAoLuxaK0rAI74~wUZ6OmAeHUb3645BRlaXwwg2o0tjAGSF58FtNQR8cw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Equestrian_Military_Equipment_of_the_Eastern_Roman_Armies_in_the_Sixth_and_Seventh_Centuries","translated_slug":"","page_count":17,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Abstract – The present study compares and takes an in-depth look at archaeological, written and iconographical evidences of the Eastern Roman equestrian military equipment during 6th - 7th centuries, between the reigns of the emperors Justinian and Heraclius.\nThe evidences for Eastern Roman equestrian military equipment are compared with sources from territory and cultures outside the empire (e.g. the Sasanians and the Àvars), with the aim to look for any external influence.\nAlso, some major issues related to the subject are analyzed, such as: the production of the equestrian military equipment, which seems to be unrelated with the imperial fabricae of military gear; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="13713856" id="nuovaantologiamilitarejournalofsism"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="68153140"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/68153140/Nuova_Antologia_Militare_NAM_Issue_No_9_Medieval_Military_History"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Nuova Antologia Militare NAM Issue No. 9 Medieval Military History" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/78730400/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/68153140/Nuova_Antologia_Militare_NAM_Issue_No_9_Medieval_Military_History">Nuova Antologia Militare NAM Issue No. 9 Medieval Military History</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" rel="nofollow" href="https://cattolica.academia.edu/VirgilioIlari">Virgilio Ilari</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MarcoMerlo">Marco Merlo</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/fabioromanoni">Fabio Romanoni</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://hammondschool.academia.edu/TuckerMillion">Tucker Million</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MattiaCaprioli">Mattia Caprioli</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://unibo.academia.edu/FedericoLandini">Federico Landini</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SandroTiberini">Sandro Tiberini</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Nuova Antologia Militare</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">NAM, III, Issue No 9, January 2022, edited by Marco Merlo, Antonio Musarra, Fabio Romanoni and Pe...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">NAM, III, Issue No 9, January 2022, edited by Marco Merlo, Antonio Musarra, Fabio Romanoni and Peter Sposato. Articles by Sergio Masini, Sandro Tiberini, Marco Merlo, Massimo Corradi, Claudia Tacchella, Tucker Million, Nicolò Maggio, Riccardo Masini,  Mattia Caprioli, Federico Landini, Marco Franzoni, Giovanni Coppola, Francesco Angelini, Lorenzo Mercuri, Marco Conti, Nicolò Maggio, Sara Serenelli, Giovanni Mazzini, Emanuele Brun, Filippo Vaccaro, Andrea Raffaele Aquino    .</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="a81333bae09ec505bf83cc9c552aa441" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":78730400,"asset_id":68153140,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78730400/download_file?st=MTczMzk3NDM5OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="68153140"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="68153140"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 68153140; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=68153140]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=68153140]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 68153140; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='68153140']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 68153140, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "a81333bae09ec505bf83cc9c552aa441" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=68153140]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":68153140,"title":"Nuova Antologia Militare NAM Issue No. 9 Medieval Military History","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"NAM, III, Issue No 9, January 2022, edited by Marco Merlo, Antonio Musarra, Fabio Romanoni and Peter Sposato. 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Un eroe è colui che, in situazioni disperate o ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">[<a href="https://amzn.to/47OW8Zb" rel="nofollow">https://amzn.to/47OW8Zb</a>] <br />Che cos'è un eroe? <br /> <br />Un eroe è colui che, in situazioni disperate o di estremo pericolo, dà prova di valore, coraggio, spirito di abnegazione e sacrificio, compiendo azioni straordinarie, a volte al limite dell'impossibile. <br /> <br />La storia è ricca di esempi di individui o di gruppi di uomini che si sono distinti sul campo di battaglia per le loro imprese a dispetto dei rischi e delle difficoltà. Che si trattasse di affrontare un nemico più forte o di mettere a repentaglio la vita per salvare i propri compagni o dei civili, le imprese di questi soldati sono celebrate e raccontate ancora oggi sui libri, ma anche nei romanzi, nei film e nelle serie TV. <br /> <br />Dalla battaglia delle Termopili a quella di Alamo, da Shiroyama a El Alamein, dall'assedio di Osowiec alla carica di Balaklava, Mattia Caprioli conduce il lettore alla scoperta delle imprese militari più eroiche e leggendarie di sempre. Quando i soldati diventano eroi: la storia delle battaglie entrate nella leggenda</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="cc1656282f14b2fb70f596186192a950" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":107688172,"asset_id":109617581,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/107688172/download_file?st=MTczMzk3NDM5OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="109617581"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="109617581"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109617581; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109617581]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109617581]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109617581; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='109617581']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 109617581, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "cc1656282f14b2fb70f596186192a950" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=109617581]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":109617581,"title":"Le battaglie più eroiche della Storia","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"[https://amzn.to/47OW8Zb]\r\nChe cos'è un eroe? \r\n\r\nUn eroe è colui che, in situazioni disperate o di estremo pericolo, dà prova di valore, coraggio, spirito di abnegazione e sacrificio, compiendo azioni straordinarie, a volte al limite dell'impossibile. \r\n\r\nLa storia è ricca di esempi di individui o di gruppi di uomini che si sono distinti sul campo di battaglia per le loro imprese a dispetto dei rischi e delle difficoltà. 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