Benazir Bhutto - Academy of Achievement

<!doctype html> <html lang="en-US" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#"> <head><script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/bundle-playback.js?v=HxkREWBo" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/wombat.js?v=txqj7nKC" charset="utf-8"></script> <script>window.RufflePlayer=window.RufflePlayer||{};window.RufflePlayer.config={"autoplay":"on","unmuteOverlay":"hidden"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/ruffle/ruffle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> __wm.init("https://web.archive.org/web"); __wm.wombat("http://www.achievement.org:80/achiever/benazir-bhutto/","20181224053531","https://web.archive.org/","web","/_static/", "1545629731"); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=S1zqJCYt" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv" />  <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="57x57" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181224053531im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/themes/aoa/assets/images/favicon/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png"/> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="114x114" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181224053531im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/themes/aoa/assets/images/favicon/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png"/> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="72x72" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181224053531im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/themes/aoa/assets/images/favicon/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png"/> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="144x144" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181224053531im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/themes/aoa/assets/images/favicon/apple-touch-icon-144x144.png"/> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="60x60" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181224053531im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/themes/aoa/assets/images/favicon/apple-touch-icon-60x60.png"/> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="120x120" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181224053531im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/themes/aoa/assets/images/favicon/apple-touch-icon-120x120.png"/> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="76x76" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181224053531im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/themes/aoa/assets/images/favicon/apple-touch-icon-76x76.png"/> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="152x152" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181224053531im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/themes/aoa/assets/images/favicon/apple-touch-icon-152x152.png"/> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181224053531im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/themes/aoa/assets/images/favicon/favicon-196x196.png" sizes="196x196"/> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181224053531im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/themes/aoa/assets/images/favicon/favicon-96x96.png" sizes="96x96"/> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181224053531im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/themes/aoa/assets/images/favicon/favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32"/> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181224053531im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/themes/aoa/assets/images/favicon/favicon-16x16.png" sizes="16x16"/> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181224053531im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/themes/aoa/assets/images/favicon/favicon-128.png" sizes="128x128"/> <meta name="application-name" content="Academy of Achievement"/> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#000000"/> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/themes/aoa/assets/images/favicon/mstile-144x144.png"/> <meta name="msapplication-square70x70logo" content="http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/themes/aoa/assets/images/favicon/mstile-70x70.png"/> <meta name="msapplication-square150x150logo" content="http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/themes/aoa/assets/images/favicon/mstile-150x150.png"/> <meta name="msapplication-wide310x150logo" content="http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/themes/aoa/assets/images/favicon/mstile-310x150.png"/> <meta name="msapplication-square310x310logo" content="http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/themes/aoa/assets/images/favicon/mstile-310x310.png"/> <link href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181224053531cs_/https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,600,400italic,600italic,700,700italic" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"> <title>Benazir Bhutto - Academy of Achievement</title>  <meta name="description" content=""When I first got elected, they said: A woman has usurped a man's place! She should be killed! She should be assassinated! She has committed heresy!" At age 35, Benazir Bhutto was one of the youngest chiefs of state in the world. More than that, she was the first woman ever to serve as prime minister of an Islamic country, but the road that brought her to power had already led through exile, imprisonment and devastating personal tragedy. Only days after young Benazir Bhutto returned to her native Pakistan from university studies abroad, the country's elected government was overthrown. Her father, Prime Minister Ali Bhutto, was imprisoned and eventually executed. Young Benazir too was repeatedly arrested, then imprisoned, and finally forced into exile, but she never abandoned the hope of restoring democracy to her homeland. She returned to lead a pro-democracy movement, and when free elections were finally held in Pakistan in 1988, Benazir Bhutto herself became Prime Minister. She made hunger and health care her top priorities, brought electricity to the countryside, and built schools all over the country. Although she was herself a devout Muslim, her reforms frequently brought her into conflict with the same religious fundamentalists who had opposed the election of a woman as prime minister. She was elected a second time in 1993, but the president of the country dismissed her from office and dissolved the National Assembly. A military coup drove her from the country yet again, but after more than eight years in exile, Bhutto returned to Pakistan in 2007. Weeks before a national election in which Benazir Bhutto and her party were expected to prevail, she was assassinated by a suicide bomber. Her death was a devastating loss to her country, but the cause of democracy she championed is carried on by her family and followers. "/> <link rel="canonical" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/benazir-bhutto/"/> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US"/> <meta property="og:type" content="article"/> <meta property="og:title" content="Benazir Bhutto - Academy of Achievement"/> <meta property="og:description" content="<p class="inputTextFirst">"When I first got elected, they said: A woman has usurped a man's place! She should be killed! She should be assassinated! She has committed heresy!"</p> <p class="inputText">At age 35, Benazir Bhutto was one of the youngest chiefs of state in the world. More than that, she was the first woman ever to serve as prime minister of an Islamic country, but the road that brought her to power had already led through exile, imprisonment and devastating personal tragedy.</p> <p class="inputText">Only days after young Benazir Bhutto returned to her native Pakistan from university studies abroad, the country's elected government was overthrown. Her father, Prime Minister Ali Bhutto, was imprisoned and eventually executed. Young Benazir too was repeatedly arrested, then imprisoned, and finally forced into exile, but she never abandoned the hope of restoring democracy to her homeland.</p> <p class="inputText">She returned to lead a pro-democracy movement, and when free elections were finally held in Pakistan in 1988, Benazir Bhutto herself became Prime Minister. She made hunger and health care her top priorities, brought electricity to the countryside, and built schools all over the country. Although she was herself a devout Muslim, her reforms frequently brought her into conflict with the same religious fundamentalists who had opposed the election of a woman as prime minister. She was elected a second time in 1993, but the president of the country dismissed her from office and dissolved the National Assembly. A military coup drove her from the country yet again, but after more than eight years in exile, Bhutto returned to Pakistan in 2007. Weeks before a national election in which Benazir Bhutto and her party were expected to prevail, she was assassinated by a suicide bomber. Her death was a devastating loss to her country, but the cause of democracy she championed is carried on by her family and followers.</p> "/> <meta property="og:url" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/benazir-bhutto/"/> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Academy of Achievement"/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20181224053531im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/bhutto-2-Feature-Image-2800x1120.jpg"/> <meta property="og:image:width" content="2800"/> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1120"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/> <meta name="twitter:description" content="<p class="inputTextFirst">"When I first got elected, they said: A woman has usurped a man's place! She should be killed! She should be assassinated! She has committed heresy!"</p> <p class="inputText">At age 35, Benazir Bhutto was one of the youngest chiefs of state in the world. More than that, she was the first woman ever to serve as prime minister of an Islamic country, but the road that brought her to power had already led through exile, imprisonment and devastating personal tragedy.</p> <p class="inputText">Only days after young Benazir Bhutto returned to her native Pakistan from university studies abroad, the country's elected government was overthrown. Her father, Prime Minister Ali Bhutto, was imprisoned and eventually executed. Young Benazir too was repeatedly arrested, then imprisoned, and finally forced into exile, but she never abandoned the hope of restoring democracy to her homeland.</p> <p class="inputText">She returned to lead a pro-democracy movement, and when free elections were finally held in Pakistan in 1988, Benazir Bhutto herself became Prime Minister. She made hunger and health care her top priorities, brought electricity to the countryside, and built schools all over the country. Although she was herself a devout Muslim, her reforms frequently brought her into conflict with the same religious fundamentalists who had opposed the election of a woman as prime minister. She was elected a second time in 1993, but the president of the country dismissed her from office and dissolved the National Assembly. A military coup drove her from the country yet again, but after more than eight years in exile, Bhutto returned to Pakistan in 2007. Weeks before a national election in which Benazir Bhutto and her party were expected to prevail, she was assassinated by a suicide bomber. Her death was a devastating loss to her country, but the cause of democracy she championed is carried on by her family and followers.</p> "/> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Benazir Bhutto - Academy of Achievement"/> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20181224053531im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/bhutto-2-Feature-Image-2800x1120.jpg"/> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181224053531\/http:\/\/schema.org","@type":"WebSite","@id":"#website","url":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181224053531\/http:\/\/www.achievement.org\/","name":"Academy of Achievement","alternateName":"A museum of living history","potentialAction":{"@type":"SearchAction","target":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181224053531\/http:\/\/www.achievement.org\/search\/{search_term_string}","query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}}</script> <script 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container"> <div class="feature-area__text-inner text-white"> <h2 class="serif-8 feature-area__text-subhead back"><a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever">All achievers</a></h2> <h1 class="serif-1 entry-title feature-area__text-headline">Benazir Bhutto</h1> <h5 class="sans-6 feature-area__blurb">Former Prime Minister of Pakistan</h5> </div> </figcaption> </div> </div> </figure> </header> </div>  <nav class="in-page-nav row fixedsticky"> <ul class="nav text-xs-center clearfix" role="tablist"> <li class="nav-item col-xs-3"> <a class="nav-link active" data-toggle="tab" href="#biography" role="tab" data-gtm-category="tab" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever Biography">Biography</a> </li> <li class="nav-item col-xs-3"> <a class="nav-link" data-toggle="tab" href="#profile" role="tab" data-gtm-category="tab" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever Profile">Profile</a> </li> <li class="nav-item col-xs-3"> <a class="nav-link" data-toggle="tab" href="#interview" role="tab" data-gtm-category="tab" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever Interview">Interview</a> </li> <li class="nav-item col-xs-3"> <a class="nav-link" data-toggle="tab" href="#gallery" role="tab" data-gtm-category="tab" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever Gallery">Gallery</a> </li> </ul> </nav> <article class="post-1975 achiever type-achiever status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry careers-public-service"> <div class="entry-content container clearfix">  <div class="tab-content"> <div class="tab-pane fade in active" id="biography" role="tabpanel"> <section class="achiever--biography"> <div class="banner clearfix"> <div class="banner--single clearfix"> <div class="col-lg-8 col-lg-offset-2"> <div class="banner__image__container"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181224053531/https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/what-it-takes/id1025864075?mt=2" target="_blank"> <figure class="ratio-container ratio-container--square bg-black"> <img class="lazyload banner__image" data-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/bhutto_WhatItTakes_256x256-190x190.jpg" alt="What It Takes - Benazir Bhutto"/> </figure> </a> </div> <div class="banner__text__container"> <h3 class="serif-3 banner__headline"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181224053531/https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/what-it-takes/id1025864075?mt=2" target="_blank"> Listen to this achiever on <i>What It Takes</i> </a> </h3> <p class="sans-6 banner__text m-b-0">What It Takes is an audio podcast on iTunes produced by the American Academy of Achievement featuring intimate, revealing conversations with influential leaders in the diverse fields of endeavor: music, science and exploration, sports, film, technology, literature, the military and social justice.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="banner--single clearfix"> <div class="col-lg-8 col-lg-offset-2"> <div class="banner__image__container"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181224053531/https://itunes.apple.com/us/book/social-justice/id839300575?mt=13" target="_blank"> <figure class="ratio-container ratio-container--square bg-black"> <img class="lazyload banner__image" data-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/new_social_JUSTICE_cover-MIKE-190x190.jpg" alt=""/> </figure> </a> </div> <div class="banner__text__container"> <h3 class="serif-3 banner__headline"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181224053531/https://itunes.apple.com/us/book/social-justice/id839300575?mt=13" target="_blank"> Download our free multi-touch iBook <i>Social Justice: Leadership Lessons</i> — for your Mac or iOS device on Apple's iTunes U </a> </h3> <p class="sans-6 banner__text m-b-0">The <i>Social Justice</i> iBook opens up the compelling, idealistic and selfless world of social justice, giving readers a better understanding of how empowering others, promoting equality and exposing injustice can change the very fabric of our society. </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <header class="editorial-article__header col-md-8 col-md-offset-2 text-xs-center"> <i class="icon-icon_bio text-brand-primary"></i> <h3 class="serif-3 quote-marks">I think leadership is very much predicated on the capacity to absorb defeat and overcome it.</h3> </header> </div> <div class="row"> <aside class="col-md-4 sidebar clearfix"> <h2 class="serif-3 p-b-1">Icon of Democracy</h2> <div class="col-xs-12 sidebar--chunk p-b-2"> <dt class="serif-7">Date of Birth</dt> <dd class="sans-2"> June 21, 1953 </dd> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 sidebar--chunk p-b-2"> <dt class="serif-7">Date of Death</dt> <dd class="sans-2"> December 27, 2007 </dd> </div> </aside> <article class="editorial-article col-md-8"> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd"> <html><body><p class="p2"><span class="s1">Benazir Bhutto was born in Karachi, Pakistan to a prominent political family. At age 16 she left her homeland to study at Harvard’s Radcliffe College. After completing her undergraduate degree at Radcliffe she studied at England’s Oxford University, where she was awarded a second degree in 1977.</span></p> <figure id="attachment_13773" style="width: 621px" class="wp-caption alignright"><noscript><img class="wp-image-13773 size-full " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181224053531im_/http://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/bhu0-002-zulfikar.jpg"></noscript><img class="wp-image-13773 size-full lazyload" alt="Zulfikar Ali Bhutto (1928 -1979), the ninth Prime Minister of Pakistan from 1973-1977 and the fourth President of Pakistan from 1971-1973, and father of Benazir Bhutto. (© Bettmann/CORBIS)" width="621" height="639" data-sizes="(max-width: 621px) 100vw, 621px" data-srcset="/web/20181224053531im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/bhu0-002-zulfikar.jpg 621w, /web/20181224053531im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/bhu0-002-zulfikar-369x380.jpg 369w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181224053531/http://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/bhu0-002-zulfikar.jpg"><figcaption class="wp-caption-text">Zulfikar Ali Bhutto (1928 -1979), the ninth Prime Minister of Pakistan, from 1973-1977, and the fourth President of Pakistan, from 1971-1973, and father of Benazir Bhutto.</figcaption></figure><p class="p2"><span class="s1">Later that year she returned to Pakistan, where her father, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, had been elected Prime Minister, but days after her arrival, the military seized power and her father was imprisoned. In 1979 he was hanged by the military government of General Zia Ul Haq.</span></p> <p class="p2"><span class="s1">Bhutto herself was also arrested many times over the following years, and was detained for three years before being permitted to leave the country in 1984. She settled in London, and along with her two brothers, she founded an underground organization to resist the military dictatorship. When her brother Shahnawaz died in 1985, she traveled to Pakistan for his burial, and was again arrested for participating in anti-government rallies.</span></p> <p class="p2"><span class="s1">She flew to London after her release, and martial law was lifted in Pakistan at the end of the year. Anti-Zia demonstrations resumed and Benazir Bhutto returned to Pakistan in April 1986. The public response to her return was tumultuous, and she publicly called for the resignation of Zia Ul Haq, whose government had executed her father.</span></p> <figure id="attachment_17468" style="width: 2280px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><noscript><img class="wp-image-17468 size-full " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181224053531im_/http://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/GettyImages-95102487.jpg"></noscript><img class="wp-image-17468 size-full lazyload" alt="Pakistani President Zulfikar Ali Bhutto shakes hands with India's Prime Minister Indira Gandhi June 28, 1972 in Shimla, the summer capital of India, while his daughter Benazir Bhutto and Indian Foreign Minister Swaran Singh look on. Bhutto visited India to meet Prime Minister Indira Gandhi and negotiated a formal peace agreement and the release of 93,000 Pakistani prisoners of war. The two leaders signed the Shimla Agreement, which committed both nations to establish a Line of Control in Kashmir and obligated them to resolve disputes peacefully through bilateral talks. (Photo by AFP/Getty Images)" width="2280" height="1677" data-sizes="(max-width: 2280px) 100vw, 2280px" data-srcset="/web/20181224053531im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/GettyImages-95102487.jpg 2280w, /web/20181224053531im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/GettyImages-95102487-380x280.jpg 380w, /web/20181224053531im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/GettyImages-95102487-760x559.jpg 760w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181224053531/http://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/GettyImages-95102487.jpg"><figcaption class="wp-caption-text">June 28, 1972: Pakistani President Zulfikar Ali Bhutto shakes hands with India’s Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, in Shimla, the summer capital of India, while his daughter Benazir Bhutto and Indian Foreign Minister Swaran Singh look on. Bhutto visited India to meet Prime Minister Indira Gandhi and negotiated a formal peace agreement and the release of 93,000 Pakistani prisoners of war. The leaders signed the Shimla Agreement, which committed both nations to establish a Line of Control in Kashmir and obligated them to resolve disputes through bilateral talks.</figcaption></figure><p class="p2"><span class="s1">She was elected co-chairwoman of the Pakistan People’s Party (PPP), along with her mother, and when free elections were finally held in 1988, she herself became Prime Minister. At 35, she was one of the youngest chief executives in the world, and the first woman to serve as prime minister in an Islamic country.</span></p> <figure id="attachment_13779" style="width: 2280px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><noscript><img class="wp-image-13779 size-full " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181224053531im_/http://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/bhu0-008-bhutto-FD001751-Benazir-Bhutto-and-husband-Corbis.jpg"></noscript><img class="wp-image-13779 size-full lazyload" alt="Benazir Bhutto and her husband, Asif Ali Zardari, on their wedding day, at Clifton Palace, Karachi, Pakistan, December 1987. (© Francoise de Mulder/CORBIS)" width="2280" height="1518" data-sizes="(max-width: 2280px) 100vw, 2280px" data-srcset="/web/20181224053531im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/bhu0-008-bhutto-FD001751-Benazir-Bhutto-and-husband-Corbis.jpg 2280w, /web/20181224053531im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/bhu0-008-bhutto-FD001751-Benazir-Bhutto-and-husband-Corbis-380x253.jpg 380w, /web/20181224053531im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/bhu0-008-bhutto-FD001751-Benazir-Bhutto-and-husband-Corbis-760x506.jpg 760w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181224053531/http://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/bhu0-008-bhutto-FD001751-Benazir-Bhutto-and-husband-Corbis.jpg"><figcaption class="wp-caption-text">1987: Benazir Bhutto and her husband, Asif Ali Zardari, on their wedding day, at Clifton Palace, Karachi, Pakistan.</figcaption></figure><p class="p2"><span class="s1">Only two years into her first term, President Ghulam Ishaq Khan dismissed Bhutto from office. She initiated an anti-corruption campaign, and in 1993 was re-elected as Prime Minister. While in office, she brought electricity to the countryside and built schools all over the country. She made hunger, housing and healthcare her top priorities, and looked forward to continuing to modernize Pakistan.</span></p> <figure id="attachment_13782" style="width: 2280px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><noscript><img class="wp-image-13782 size-full " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181224053531im_/http://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/bhu0-011-bhutto-KX001160.jpg"></noscript><img class="wp-image-13782 size-full lazyload" alt="Benazir Bhutto in the 1990s. (© Karan Kapoor/CORBIS)" width="2280" height="3438" data-sizes="(max-width: 2280px) 100vw, 2280px" data-srcset="/web/20181224053531im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/bhu0-011-bhutto-KX001160.jpg 2280w, /web/20181224053531im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/bhu0-011-bhutto-KX001160-252x380.jpg 252w, /web/20181224053531im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/bhu0-011-bhutto-KX001160-504x760.jpg 504w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181224053531/http://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/bhu0-011-bhutto-KX001160.jpg"><figcaption class="wp-caption-text">Benazir Bhutto in the 1990s. Her career has been celebrated as a triumph for women in the Muslim world and for the global fight against Islamic extremism. Bhutto was the first woman to head a Muslim majority nation. (Corbis)</figcaption></figure><p class="p2"><span class="s1">At the same time, Bhutto faced constant opposition from the Islamic fundamentalist movement. Her brother Mir Murtaza, who had been estranged from Benazir since their father’s death, returned from abroad and leveled charges of corruption at Benazir’s husband, Asif Ali Zardari. Mir Murtaza died when his bodyguard became involved in a gunfight with police in Karachi. The Pakistani public was shocked by this turn of events, and PPP supporters were divided over the charges against Zardari.</span></p> <figure id="attachment_33656" style="width: 2280px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><noscript><img class="size-full wp-image-33656 " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181224053531im_/http://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Bhutto-Benazir-and-Dr.-David-H.-Donald-.jpg"></noscript><img class="size-full wp-image-33656 lazyload" alt="Council member Benazir Bhutto presents the American Academy of Achievement's Golden Plate Award to distiguished historian Dr. David Herbert Donald." width="2280" height="1503" data-sizes="(max-width: 2280px) 100vw, 2280px" data-srcset="/web/20181224053531im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Bhutto-Benazir-and-Dr.-David-H.-Donald-.jpg 2280w, /web/20181224053531im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Bhutto-Benazir-and-Dr.-David-H.-Donald--380x251.jpg 380w, /web/20181224053531im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Bhutto-Benazir-and-Dr.-David-H.-Donald--760x501.jpg 760w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181224053531/http://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Bhutto-Benazir-and-Dr.-David-H.-Donald-.jpg"><figcaption class="wp-caption-text">Benazir Bhutto, the 11th Prime Minister of Pakistan, is presented with the Academy of Achievement’s Golden Plate Award by Pulitzer Prize-winning historian Dr. David Herbert Donald at the 2000 Achievement Summit in London.</figcaption></figure> <p class="p2"><span class="s1">In 1996, President Leghari of Pakistan dismissed Benazir Bhutto from office, alleging mismanagement, and dissolved the National Assembly. A Bhutto re-election bid failed in 1997, and the next elected government, headed by the more conservative Nawaz Sharif, was overthrown by the military. Bhutto’s husband was imprisoned, and once again, she was forced to leave her homeland. For nine years, she and her children lived in exile in London, where she continued to advocate the restoration of democracy in Pakistan. Asif Ali Zardari was released from prison in 2004 and rejoined his family in London. In the autumn of 2007, in the face of death threats from radical Islamists, and the hostility of the government, Benazir Bhutto and her husband returned to their native country.</span></p> <figure id="attachment_50196" style="width: 1448px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><noscript><img class="wp-image-50196 size-full " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181224053531im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Benazir-Bhutto-Photo.png"></noscript><img class="wp-image-50196 size-full lazyload" alt="" width="1448" height="1447" data-sizes="(max-width: 1448px) 100vw, 1448px" data-srcset="/web/20181224053531im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Benazir-Bhutto-Photo.png 1448w, /web/20181224053531im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Benazir-Bhutto-Photo-190x190.png 190w, /web/20181224053531im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Benazir-Bhutto-Photo-380x380.png 380w, /web/20181224053531im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Benazir-Bhutto-Photo-760x760.png 760w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Benazir-Bhutto-Photo.png"><figcaption class="wp-caption-text">Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto addresses the Academy of Achievement delegates and members at an afternoon symposium at historic Trinity College during the 2002 International Achievement Summit held in Dublin, Ireland.</figcaption></figure> <p class="p2"><span class="s1">Although she was greeted by enthusiastic crowds, within hours of her arrival, her motorcade was attacked by a suicide bomber. She survived this first assassination attempt, although more than 100 bystanders died in the attack. With national elections scheduled for January 2008, her Pakistan People’s Party was poised for a victory that would make Bhutto Prime Minister once again. Only a few weeks before the election, the extremists struck again. After a campaign rally in Rawalpindi, a gunman fired at her car before detonating a bomb, killing himself and more than 20 bystanders. Bhutto was rushed to the hospital but soon succumbed to injuries suffered in the attack. In the wake of her death, rioting erupted throughout the country. The loss of the country’s most popular democratic leader plunged Pakistan into turmoil, intensifying the dangerous instability of a nuclear-armed nation in a highly volatile region.</span></p> <figure id="attachment_17467" style="width: 2280px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><noscript><img class="wp-image-17467 size-full " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181224053531im_/http://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/GettyImages-78659892.jpg"></noscript><img class="wp-image-17467 size-full lazyload" alt="A survivor is overcome with emotion at the site of a bomb blast attack on former Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto on December 27, 2007 in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Benazir Bhutto died from a bullet wound to the neck after speaking at a rally in the northern city where an estimated 15 people were left dead by the explosion. (Photo by John Moore/Getty Images)" width="2280" height="1478" data-sizes="(max-width: 2280px) 100vw, 2280px" data-srcset="/web/20181224053531im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/GettyImages-78659892.jpg 2280w, /web/20181224053531im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/GettyImages-78659892-380x246.jpg 380w, /web/20181224053531im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/GettyImages-78659892-760x493.jpg 760w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181224053531/http://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/GettyImages-78659892.jpg"><figcaption class="wp-caption-text">A survivor is overcome with emotion at the site of a bomb blast attack on former Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto on December 27, 2007 in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Benazir Bhutto died from a bullet wound to the neck after speaking at a rally in the northern city, where an estimated 15 people were left dead by the explosion. (John Moore/Getty)</figcaption></figure><p>In her political testament, Benazir Bhutto identified her son, Bilawal Bhutto Zardari, as her choice to succeed her as Chairman of the PPP. At the time of her death, Bialawal was only 19, still an undergraduate at Oxford. The party leadership agreed that his father, Asif Ali Zardari, would serve as acting chairman of the party until Bilawal completed his studies in England. Meanwhile, the PPP entered into a broad coalition, including the party of Bhutto’s former rival Nawaz Al-Sharif, and scored an overwhelming victory in the 2008 election. A member of the PPP, Yousaf Raza Gillani, was chosen to serve as Prime Minister. Later that year, President Musharraf resigned, and Asif Ali Zardari was elected President of Pakistan. Although Benazir Bhutto did not live to see these developments, the party she led and the causes she championed still play a major role in the political life of contemporary Pakistan.</p> <figure id="attachment_13780" style="width: 2000px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><noscript><img class="wp-image-13780 size-full " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181224053531im_/http://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/bhu0-009-Bhutto-Benazir-AP-08010305021.jpg"></noscript><img class="wp-image-13780 size-full lazyload" alt="January 3, 2008: Supporters of the Pakistan People's Party march with a banner of their slain leader, Benazir Bhutto, during a rally in Lahore, days after her death. (AP Images/K M Chaudary)" width="2000" height="1368" data-sizes="(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px" data-srcset="/web/20181224053531im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/bhu0-009-Bhutto-Benazir-AP-08010305021.jpg 2000w, /web/20181224053531im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/bhu0-009-Bhutto-Benazir-AP-08010305021-380x260.jpg 380w, /web/20181224053531im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/bhu0-009-Bhutto-Benazir-AP-08010305021-760x520.jpg 760w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181224053531/http://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/bhu0-009-Bhutto-Benazir-AP-08010305021.jpg"><figcaption class="wp-caption-text">January 3, 2008: Supporters of the Pakistan People’s Party march with a banner of their slain leader, Benazir Bhutto, during a rally in Lahore, days after her death. Bhutto is seen as a symbol of women’s empowerment and today, parties from across Pakistan’s political spectrum, allow women to be a part of their organizations and fully participate in elections. Her efforts to promote democracy remain a lasting legacy. (AP Images/K. M. Chaudary)</figcaption></figure><p>Benazir Bhutto left a deeply polarizing legacy. Her career has been celebrated as a triumph for women in the Muslim world and for the global fight against Islamic extremism. At the same time, she has been accused of corruption and bad governance. Her efforts and struggle to champion democracy remain a lasting legacy that is deeply respected among her rivals. Several universities and public buildings in Pakistan bear Benazir Bhutto’s name, while her career influenced a number of activists, including Nobel Peace Prize laureate, Malala Yousafzai.</p> </body></html> <div class="clearfix"> </div> </article> </div> </section> </div> <div class="tab-pane fade" id="profile" role="tabpanel"> <section class="clearfix"> <header class="editorial-article__header"> <figure class="text-xs-center"> <img class="inductee-badge" src="/web/20181224053531im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/themes/aoa/assets/images/inducted-badge@2x.png" alt="Inducted Badge" width="120" height="120"/> <figcaption class="serif-3 text-brand-primary"> Inducted in 2000 </figcaption> </figure> </header> <div class="row"> <aside class="col-md-4 sidebar"> <dl class="clearfix m-b-0"> <div class="col-xs-12 sidebar--chunk p-b-2"> <dt class="serif-7">Career</dt> <dd class="sans-2"> <div><a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/#filter=.public-service">Public Service</a></div> </dd> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 sidebar--chunk p-b-2"> <dt class="serif-7">Date of Birth</dt> <dd class="sans-2"> June 21, 1953 </dd> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 sidebar--chunk p-b-2"> <dt class="serif-7">Date of Death</dt> <dd class="sans-2"> December 27, 2007 </dd> </div> </dl> </aside> <article class="col-md-8 editorial-article clearfix"> <p class="inputTextFirst">“When I first got elected, they said: A woman has usurped a man’s place! She should be killed! She should be assassinated! She has committed heresy!”</p> <p class="inputText">At age 35, Benazir Bhutto was one of the youngest chiefs of state in the world. More than that, she was the first woman ever to serve as prime minister of an Islamic country, but the road that brought her to power had already led through exile, imprisonment and devastating personal tragedy.</p> <p class="inputText">Only days after young Benazir Bhutto returned to her native Pakistan from university studies abroad, the country’s elected government was overthrown. Her father, Prime Minister Ali Bhutto, was imprisoned and eventually executed. Young Benazir too was repeatedly arrested, then imprisoned, and finally forced into exile, but she never abandoned the hope of restoring democracy to her homeland.</p> <p class="inputText">She returned to lead a pro-democracy movement, and when free elections were finally held in Pakistan in 1988, Benazir Bhutto herself became Prime Minister. She made hunger and health care her top priorities, brought electricity to the countryside, and built schools all over the country. Although she was herself a devout Muslim, her reforms frequently brought her into conflict with the same religious fundamentalists who had opposed the election of a woman as prime minister. She was elected a second time in 1993, but the president of the country dismissed her from office and dissolved the National Assembly. A military coup drove her from the country yet again, but after more than eight years in exile, Bhutto returned to Pakistan in 2007. Weeks before a national election in which Benazir Bhutto and her party were expected to prevail, she was assassinated by a suicide bomber. Her death was a devastating loss to her country, but the cause of democracy she championed is carried on by her family and followers.</p> </article> </div> </section> </div> <div class="tab-pane fade" id="interview" role="tabpanel"> <section class="clearfix"> <div class="col-md-12 interview-feature-video"> <figure> <div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9"> <iframe class="embed-responsive-item embed-responsive--has-thumbnail" width="200" height="150" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181224053531if_/https://www.youtube.com/embed/X_OmQ3AeP2Q?feature=oembed&autohide=1&hd=1&color=white&modestbranding=1&rel=0&showinfo=0&theme=light&start=0&end=2366&version=3" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe> <div class="embed-responsive__thumbnail ratio-container__image lazyload" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Bhutto-Benazir-2000-MasterEdit.00_37_31_04.Still018-380x214.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Bhutto-Benazir-2000-MasterEdit.00_37_31_04.Still018-760x428.jpg"></div> <div class="video-tag sans-4"> <i class="embed-responsive__play icon-icon_play-full text-brand-primary"></i> <div class="video-tag__text">Watch full interview</div> </div> </div> </figure> </div> <header class="col-md-12 text-xs-center m-b-2"> <i class="icon-icon_bio text-brand-primary"></i> </header> <aside class="col-md-4 sidebar"> <h2 class="serif-3 achiever--biography-subtitle">Icon of Democracy</h2> <div class="sans-2">London, England</div> <div class="sans-2">October 27, 2000</div> </aside> <article class="editorial-article col-md-8">   <div class="achiever__interview-copy"> <p><strong>You were only 35 when you became the first woman to serve as prime minister of a Muslim country.</strong></p> </div>     <div class="achiever__video-block"> <figure class="achiever__interview-video"> <div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9"> <iframe class="embed-responsive-item embed-responsive--has-thumbnail" width="200" height="150" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181224053531if_/https://www.youtube.com/embed/fpSaRsyvw7M?feature=oembed&autohide=1&hd=1&color=white&modestbranding=1&rel=0&showinfo=0&theme=light&start=0&end=50&version=3" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe> <div class="embed-responsive__thumbnail ratio-container__image lazyload" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Bhutto-Benazir-2000-MasterEdit.00_16_49_02.Still003-380x214.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Bhutto-Benazir-2000-MasterEdit.00_16_49_02.Still003-760x428.jpg"></div> <i class="embed-responsive__play icon-icon_play-full text-brand-primary"></i> </div> </figure>  <div class="achiever__interview-video__copy"> <p class="p1">Benazir Bhutto: It was a victory for women everywhere. I would really realize that when I won, and I got so many letters from other Muslim women, and more than that, from women within my own country who felt that it was now decent to work. I don’t know why. It’s a strange thing to say today, but in those days people thought that it was indecent for a woman to work and “good women” (in inverted commas) didn’t work.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>It was a very strange world of divisions, and it liberated women.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>They said, “The prime minister is a woman, why can’t we work?”<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>I remember being told a story about a lady who wanted to be a pilot, and went for an interview, and the chairman, who happened to be from the armed forces, laughed and said, “Come back to me when we have a woman prime minister.” <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Well she did, and she got the job, and now there are more woman pilots too.</p> </div> </div>      <div class="achiever__interview-copy"> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"><b>You’ve had to deal with family tragedy, you’ve been in and out of prison, in and out of detention. How have you dealt with these enormous obstacles and challenges in your life?</b></span></p> </div>     <div class="achiever__video-block"> <figure class="achiever__interview-video"> <div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9"> <iframe class="embed-responsive-item embed-responsive--has-thumbnail" width="200" height="150" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181224053531if_/https://www.youtube.com/embed/WQBcQCcMfwY?feature=oembed&autohide=1&hd=1&color=white&modestbranding=1&rel=0&showinfo=0&theme=light&start=0&end=36&version=3" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe> <div class="embed-responsive__thumbnail ratio-container__image lazyload" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Bhutto-Benazir-2000-MasterEdit.00_20_33_12.Still005-380x214.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Bhutto-Benazir-2000-MasterEdit.00_20_33_12.Still005-760x428.jpg"></div> <i class="embed-responsive__play icon-icon_play-full text-brand-primary"></i> </div> <figcaption class="achiever__interview-video-terms"> <span>Keys to success —</span> <a class="comma-item" href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/keys-to-success/perseverance/">Perseverance</a> </figcaption> </figure>  <div class="achiever__interview-video__copy"> <p class="p1">Benazir Bhutto: In life there are challenges, but I think leadership is very much predicated on the capacity to absorb defeat and overcome it.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Now, after having been in politics for more than two decades, I have come to the strong conclusion that the difference between somebody who succeeds and somebody who fails is the ability to absorb a setback. Because on the road to success there will be setbacks, and there are those who give up, and those who say that, “No, we are going to go on.” So it’s that capacity to absorb a failure.</p> </div> </div>      <div class="achiever__interview-copy"> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">Also, when I was in prison I became very devout. I’m not a fundamentalist but I am very devout, and I believe that God places a burden on one’s shoulders that he feels that you can bear. So when the burden grows heavy I turn to God and say, “God, don’t let it be so heavy that I cannot put up with it.” So I would say that in solitary confinement when I had nobody to talk to. I was brought up ritualistically religious as many people are. Their parents take them to church and teach them how to say their prayers like my mother taught me, but it’s all ritualistic.</span></p> </div>     <div class="achiever__video-block"> <figure class="achiever__interview-video"> <div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9"> <iframe class="embed-responsive-item embed-responsive--has-thumbnail" width="200" height="150" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181224053531if_/https://www.youtube.com/embed/CGqiUatUYHw?feature=oembed&autohide=1&hd=1&color=white&modestbranding=1&rel=0&showinfo=0&theme=light&start=0&end=54&version=3" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe> <div class="embed-responsive__thumbnail ratio-container__image lazyload" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Bhutto-Benazir-2000-MasterEdit.00_28_06_02.Still012-380x214.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Bhutto-Benazir-2000-MasterEdit.00_28_06_02.Still012-760x428.jpg"></div> <i class="embed-responsive__play icon-icon_play-full text-brand-primary"></i> </div> <figcaption class="achiever__interview-video-terms"> <span>Keys to success —</span> <a class="comma-item" href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/keys-to-success/courage/">Courage</a> </figcaption> </figure>  <div class="achiever__interview-video__copy"> <p class="p1">It was when I was in prison and everyone was cut off from me, my family, my friends, food, even couldn’t get a glass of water without having to beg somebody for it who came twice a day with my food, and no ice.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>I mean, the ordinary things, in the heat of the summer where you can open the fridge and take — nothing. I had nothing. They cut everything — took everything away. Material, physical, everything. And suddenly I realized they can take everyone away. I couldn’t read newspapers.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>They wouldn’t give me newspapers or <em>Time</em> magazine. So suddenly I realized that they can’t take God away from me. So to pass the time I started passing it in prayer.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>So from that moment I realized that God is always with one, so what gave me the faith and sustenance was my belief that God places a burden on people to bear and He places only that burden which they <em>can</em> bear.</p> </div> </div>      <div class="achiever__interview-copy"> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd"> <html><body><p class="p1"><span class="s1">The second thing was the love of ordinary people. The love was so much that it was enriching. It gave me strength, nurturance. Maybe I’m a needy person, maybe I need love. Sometimes I think, “Why would someone go on doing it?” When I get so much love at the mass level, I feel that I must go on. So I think that those are the two factors that really kept me going because in the worst of my moments I always had vast reservoirs of love.</span></p> <figure id="attachment_13783" style="width: 2280px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><noscript><img class="wp-image-13783 size-full " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181224053531im_/http://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/bhu0-050-bhutto-R86147062.jpg"></noscript><img class="wp-image-13783 size-full lazyload" alt="Opposition leader Benazir Bhutto speaks to about 80,000 supporters during a campaign rally in Rawalpindi, Pakistan in 1986. (© Reuters/CORBIS)" width="2280" height="1536" data-sizes="(max-width: 2280px) 100vw, 2280px" data-srcset="/web/20181224053531im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/bhu0-050-bhutto-R86147062.jpg 2280w, /web/20181224053531im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/bhu0-050-bhutto-R86147062-380x256.jpg 380w, /web/20181224053531im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/bhu0-050-bhutto-R86147062-760x512.jpg 760w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181224053531/http://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/bhu0-050-bhutto-R86147062.jpg"><figcaption class="wp-caption-text">1986: Opposition leader Benazir Bhutto speaks to about 80,000 supporters during a campaign rally in Rawalpindi.</figcaption></figure> </body></html> </div>     <div class="achiever__video-block"> <figure class="achiever__interview-video"> <div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9"> <iframe class="embed-responsive-item embed-responsive--has-thumbnail" width="200" height="150" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181224053531if_/https://www.youtube.com/embed/CA1GZuVXYcQ?feature=oembed&autohide=1&hd=1&color=white&modestbranding=1&rel=0&showinfo=0&theme=light&start=0&end=45&version=3" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe> <div class="embed-responsive__thumbnail ratio-container__image lazyload" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Bhutto-Benazir-2000-MasterEdit.00_23_02_13.Still006-380x214.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Bhutto-Benazir-2000-MasterEdit.00_23_02_13.Still006-760x428.jpg"></div> <i class="embed-responsive__play icon-icon_play-full text-brand-primary"></i> </div> </figure>  <div class="achiever__interview-video__copy"> <p class="p1">I remember when I was overthrown in ’97 and things were very bad in the press.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>They were calling us all sorts of names.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>And the first time — you know, you’re spoiled as prime minister, you have your own planes to go and everything like that, you don’t catch passenger planes or go through immigration — you know, security checks.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>The first time I caught a plane and was reintroduced to the real world, one of the air hostesses just saw me and she hugged me and she said that, “You know it was during your time that my brother got a job and changed our family’s life.” Then I remember that when I reached Karachi — I was going home — the whole union had gathered, and the whole union received me and they threw rose petals all over me.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>So suddenly I thought, “I’m not alone.”<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Even if the press, the government, everything was after me.</p> </div> </div>      <div class="achiever__interview-copy"> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd"> <html><body><figure id="attachment_13775" style="width: 2000px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><noscript><img class="wp-image-13775 size-full " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181224053531im_/http://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/bhu0-004-bhutto-FT0005337-Bhutto-in-parade-Corbis.jpg"></noscript><img class="wp-image-13775 size-full lazyload" alt="February 8, 1999: Former Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto waves to her supporters in Karachi during a rally against the Pakistan government. (AFP Photo/Amir Qureshi Copyright AFP/Corbis)" width="2000" height="1476" data-sizes="(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px" data-srcset="/web/20181224053531im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/bhu0-004-bhutto-FT0005337-Bhutto-in-parade-Corbis.jpg 2000w, /web/20181224053531im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/bhu0-004-bhutto-FT0005337-Bhutto-in-parade-Corbis-380x280.jpg 380w, /web/20181224053531im_/http://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/bhu0-004-bhutto-FT0005337-Bhutto-in-parade-Corbis-760x561.jpg 760w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181224053531/http://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/bhu0-004-bhutto-FT0005337-Bhutto-in-parade-Corbis.jpg"><figcaption class="wp-caption-text">February 8, 1999: Former Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto waves to her supporters in Karachi during a rally. (Corbis)</figcaption></figure><p><strong>You ran to improve the position of women, social services, education, health. Your very political ideals were controversial, weren’t they?</strong></p> </body></html> </div>     <div class="achiever__video-block"> <figure class="achiever__interview-video"> <div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9"> <iframe class="embed-responsive-item embed-responsive--has-thumbnail" width="200" height="150" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181224053531if_/https://www.youtube.com/embed/mPYmK9CwZ9k?feature=oembed&autohide=1&hd=1&color=white&modestbranding=1&rel=0&showinfo=0&theme=light&start=0&end=83&version=3" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe> <div class="embed-responsive__thumbnail ratio-container__image lazyload" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Bhutto-Benazir-2000-MasterEdit.00_26_36_06.Still010-380x214.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Bhutto-Benazir-2000-MasterEdit.00_26_36_06.Still010-760x428.jpg"></div> <i class="embed-responsive__play icon-icon_play-full text-brand-primary"></i> </div> </figure>  <div class="achiever__interview-video__copy"> <p class="p1">Benazir Bhutto: That was my agenda. First I did it for democracy, because that was my father’s agenda and it was also mine as a youth.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>But my own agenda was very much poverty alleviation and population planning, for instance. We brought down the population growth rate by one-third, and because of the cascading effect it’s going to continue going downwards. And there was a lot of hue and cry against the population program, but we did it by recruiting 50,000 women from different villages, and training them in three-month installments.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>First they would train for three months. They’d go out and work and then every<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>month they’d come back for a refresher to learn something more. So when we had 50,000 women with a vested stake in it, we had ambassadors everywhere to counter people in villages who were opposed to population control. I remember the iodized salt; the clerics said, “You shouldn’t eat iodized salt because it has really got<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>population control in it, and you won’t be able to have any children.”<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>So we did take on an agenda that frightened the people who believed in the status quo, and who actually believed in a tribal patriarchal society, because to a great extent there is still an undercurrent of a patriarchal society in Pakistan.</p> </div> </div>     <aside class="collapse" id="full-interview">    <div class="achiever__interview-copy"> <p><strong>How do you deal with that kind of resistance? There’s a price you pay for change. How do you deal with that?</strong></p> <p>Benazir Bhutto: There will always be critics. They say in politics there will be the appointed and the disappointed. So there will always be the critics. One has to take it, I learned that right after my first election. I thought all I have to do is win an election and all my critics will disappear and according to Barbara Cartland we’ll live happily ever after. But I realized you wake up later, and your critics are still around and you still have to factor them in.</p> <p>My experience has made me a more inclusive person, not inclusive to the margins, but inclusive to those people who have differences with us but who are still moderates, so I tried to be more inclusive. It’s not easy because the other side has to respond too. Ultimately there will be critics but one has to do what is right as long as the majority of people support that.</p> <p>Building schools was right. I tried to placate even the clerics originally. I adopted a very aggressive stance. I thought I had to prove I was as tough as a man because I was in a man’s world. Now I think it’s not a man’s world anymore but in those days it was supposed to be. So I also tried to be very aggressive and warmongering in my second term to try and co-opt my opposition. I am a consensus sort of person, I like to win people over. Not to compromise the core of my values, but I seek the middle way and I tried do that. I think in retrospect it was wrong because I did not co-opt them and I alienated some of my own supporters. But at the same time we got the three years to eliminate polio, to build schools and electrify villages.</p> <p>Now I feel that if politics was a man’s world in 1997, now it’s a human’s world, and that when people vote for women, they vote because they think women are more nurturing, that they give life, they produce children, and they give life. As the larger issues of communism and capitalism fade away, the focus in my view is turning more and more to the human being, and with more women coming into the work force or into the press, there is a sense that women leaders will be sensitive to the needs of mother and child.</p> <p><strong>Are there other women leaders in Pakistan today who could be your successor?</strong></p> <p>Benazir Bhutto: When I meet a young woman student now and ask her what do you want to be, she says, “Prime minister.” So I’m sure that there are lots and lots of young girls out there who one day can be prime minister. But I think we need to also make it easier for women to win elections in Pakistan, and that’s why we have proposed affirmative action: a kind of list system where, on the basis of votes that each party gets, they can then list about 25 percent or 33 percent women to bring more women into parliament.</p> <p>Certainly there are women activists, but not too many. The base of women who can win elections to parliament is too small, but former Primer Minister Nawaz Sharif’s wife has also started politicking, which is really a vindication for us, because they used to be very much against women coming out into the political field.</p> <p>But of the younger students, the people who were in their first year, second year, third year of university when I was prime minister, those are the women who think that to be successful means to be prime minister of the country. If you ask a man what he wants to be, he’ll turn around and say, “A businessman,” or “A lawyer,” but the girl students that I talked to all wanted to be prime minister.</p> <p>That generation that grew up in the last decade, used to seeing me as prime minister or as leader of the opposition, has now seen Wajed winning in Bangladesh and Mrs. Çiller in Turkey, and other Muslim countries, this has had an impact on the Muslim world. In Oman now they have started having women parliamentarians, and I think they may be permitting them in local elections in Kuwait and some of the other Middle Eastern countries.</p> <p>When I first got elected, they said, “A woman has usurped a man’s place! She should be killed, she should be assassinated, she has committed heresy!” So going from heresy to seeing it happen! Part of it is the information technology because it brings what is happening in the rest of the world to ordinary women in parts of the Muslin world and they say, “Why not us?”</p> <p><strong>Could you begin by telling us something about your childhood in Karachi?</strong></p> <p>Benazir Bhutto: 1953. It was a very different world then. Very few motor cars and much more poverty. The gap between the rich and the poor was greater, too. I remember people walking barefoot and bare-backed because of the poverty.</p> <p>It was a very privileged life that we led with huge homes and scores of staff with everything looked after. Now the world has changed much more. There’s a greater appreciation of each human being, being equal and entitled to the same opportunity, as well as an emphasis on human dignity. In those days there was much less dignity. I remember that the poorer people would greet the richer people by bending down and touching their feet, or prostrating them and throwing themselves on the feet, so it was a totally different kind of world and it has changed for the better in that sense.</p> <p><strong>As you say, you led a life of privilege amidst great poverty. Were you aware of these disparities? How did this influence you?</strong></p> <p>Benazir Bhutto: My father was always championing the cause of the poor. He was very much against the status quo, so he was always telling us that it is wrong, that there should be people in such abject poverty, unable to feed their children. I’d be sitting there when women would come to my mother and say, “Take my children, we can’t feed them.”</p> <p>My father was a lawyer. I remember him coming back and saying that a man came and said, “I don’t have any money to pay you for this case.” Some other case he’d been involved in. And he said, “Take my cow because I don’t have any money,” and that was the cow that would give them milk to feed the children. So it was quite shocking to me, and I was sensitive to it because my father was sensitive to it. And he’d take us — we were landowners, large landowners — and he would take us to the lands and he would tell me, “Look at the way these people sweat in the heat and in the sun in the fields, and it is because of their sweat that you will have the opportunity to be educated, and you have a debt to these people, because they weren’t born to sweat like this. And, “You have a debt and you’ve got to come back and pay that debt by serving your people.”</p> <p><strong>Your father was an important influence in your life?</strong></p> <p>Benazir Bhutto: A very important influence. Now when I look back on it, it was my father who was against the gender constraints of my time. And my mother, she used to be a working woman herself, she joined the National Guards. She was a captain in the National Guards. She was the first woman in Karachi to own a car and to drive, and people used to talk about her because they said, you know, “We’re not supposed to drive cars.” But when I look back on it, it was my mother who taught that a woman grew up to be married and to have children, and she would tell my father in front of me, “Why do you want to educate her? No man will want to marry her.” So all the time, for her, success depended on having a good catch as a husband, and having children. Whereas for my father, he broke free of those constraints, and he insisted that I have an education. He said, “Boys and girls are equal. I want my daughter to have the same opportunities.”</p> <p><strong>How do you account for that?</strong></p> <p>Benazir Bhutto: I really don’t know, because I never had a chance to ask him. As a child I just assumed this is what fathers did, and when I finished university he was in prison. Then he was unjustly hanged by a military dictator. Now in reflection, I would like to ask him, “What made you do things differently?”</p> <p>I’d go to other people’s homes, and I remember a friend of mine — they couldn’t eat food until the brothers had finished, and the leftovers would be given to the daughters. That never happened in our home. I remember that I used to sit at the head of the table because I was the eldest child. That never happened in other homes, and I should have asked my father when I had the chance, but he enabled me to appreciate that a woman is not a lesser creature.</p> <p>And also my nuns. I used to go to a convent school, the Convent of Jesus and Mary. And I remember very much Mother Eugene used to teach us literature and poetry, and to reach for the moon, and the lodestar, and inspiring us. It was very inspirational and motivational that one could conquer the moon and the stars if one reached out. It was all about reaching out. I think the two powerful influences in my life in my childhood was my father and my teacher in the Convent of Jesus and Mary, Mother Eugene.</p> <p>I was fascinated with literature. My father gave me a love for books. He loved reading books and he’d make sure that I bought books and he’d buy me books. And then Mother Eugene made my imagination run wild through Shakespeare — <em>Twelfth Night</em> and <em>Julius Caesar</em> — and Keats and Browning and Byron.</p> <p><strong>What books were most important to you?</strong></p> <p>Benazir Bhutto: It was mostly historical biographies that I would read. I remember starting out with King Alfred of England, and the cakes that he burned when he got lost and was taken in and given refuge. Alexander, the Great, cutting the Gordian knot. Nobody could do it, but he sliced it. His horse who was frightened; he tamed the horse because he understood it was the shadow that frightened the horse. I read mostly about people who were achievers.</p> <p>My father was himself an achiever and maybe it was a time of achievers. I grew up at a time when colonialism had just ended. The whole inspiration behind colonialism had been to discover the world and achieve more. There was a sense of adventure in going to unmapped places, braving beasts of unknown description, to conquer the world. We were still very much in that phase when words and expressions were more grandiose and the imagination was more grandiose. Now things are much leaner and meaner.</p> <p><strong>Were you a good student?</strong></p> <p>Benazir Bhutto: I was a good student. My father put a great emphasis on education, and I found that he would always be so pleased when I did well. But it was terrible for my siblings because they were always being compared by the teachers to me and they would revolt against it, because I’d have a neat handwriting. It’s awful now, but right then it was neat, and I’d get my work done and finish everything. I was very studious. I was very, very studious. I had a love for learning. The others didn’t like to sit down and do their homework, but I loved doing it.</p> <p><strong>You were the oldest?</strong></p> <p>Benazir Bhutto: I was the eldest, and I had a great sense of responsibility. When my parents would leave the house they’d tell me, “Take care of the other kids.” I’d be only three and my youngest sister would be one but I still remember, “Take care of the kids.”</p> <p>I remember once we came to England. I think I was about four, and my younger sister was two. They used to have these gas pipes, and I was always a very curious child and they told me, “Don’t touch those pipes.” And I went and touched them and opened it up and my parents came back just in time because I nearly poisoned the whole household. So I learned not to be too curious after that.</p> <p><strong>Were there other influences or inspirations in your early life?</strong></p> <p>Benazir Bhutto: When I was a very young child I remember I was always against violence. It was an era when people used to go shooting and hunting. I remember once coming out on the veranda in our home in the countryside — and my father was teaching my brother to shoot a parrot and… I remember seeing the parrot fall down dead and bleed, and I remember being appalled by it. And I remember the parrot fluttering and I can’t bear to see blood to this day or killing. I’m very much against war and conflict and the taking of life, and I think that seeing that little bird — green and beautiful and living and chirping in the tree, and then falling down dead — did have a profound effect. It sounds silly to say that I should feel so strongly about a bird, but I remember my father telling me when he was facing the death sentence that “I remember the little girl who cried so much because a bird died, how she must feel.” So for me, human life is very, very sacred.</p> <p>There’s another thing I remember. This man had come to our home. He was a fisherman and he used to fish from the sea nearby and he used to sell us the fish. And he fell very ill, so my mother took him — he was again shoeless and backless — and my mother took him inside the house and said, you know, “What do you want, or whatever, to make you feel better?” And I remember he wanted a Coca-Cola. Now everybody drinks Coke, but in those days it was difficult to get a Coke, and that was his wish. And he was very sick and my mother wanted to send him to the doctor, and I remember he didn’t want to go to the doctor. He was clinging to the car, and I always felt, after that, that perhaps people need to have their dignity and to die in peace rather than to be taken to strange clinics. So I feel a great empathy now when there is a rediscovering of the way — of how people should be allowed to pass away. I’ve had many traumatic deaths in my life, and perhaps that has given me more sensitivity to the need to take leave amongst one’s loved ones to begin the journey to the next world — because I believe there is a next world — than to let it just end in a clinical room.</p> <p><strong>Was there a moment of self revelation or self-discovery when you knew what you wanted to do with your life, that you were going to be different just as your father had been different?</strong></p> <p>Benazir Bhutto: It was not sudden. It came gradually. There were two moments, let us say, when it happened. One of the moments was when my father died and I had my — before he died, I had my last meeting with him, in the death cell, and he said that, “You have suffered so much.” I had been in prison myself, and he said, “You are so young. You just finished your university. You came back. You had your whole life and look at the terror under which we have lived.” So he said, “I set you free. Why don’t you go and live in London or Paris or Switzerland or Washington, and you are well taken care of, and have some happiness because you have seen too much suffering.” I reached out through the prison bars, and I remember grasping his hands and saying, “No, papa, I will continue the struggle that you began for democracy.”</p> <p>So that was one of the points where I decided that I didn’t want out. I’d stay, but I still didn’t think I’d ever be prime minister. I thought my mother would be the prime minister, and that I’d work for her to be the prime minister, and that’s what I did. But my mother got sick and actually she had lung cancer, but we didn’t know she was getting Alzheimer’s. So she started behaving differently and we thought it’s because she’s had this serious illness, and she’s reflecting on how to lead her life. And suddenly I found that since mommy was away and the whole party was about to collapse unless I was there, so I started looking after the party at that stage. When I went back, I remember people were shouting, “Prime Minister Benazir!” And suddenly it struck me that “looking after” means — with mommy ill — “looking after” means that I will be the prime minister. So it was in that sort of moment when I realized the responsibility that I had taken over could lead me all the way to an office that could govern the destiny of more than 100 million Muslims in Pakistan.</p> <p><strong>You came to America to go to college. How did the years at Harvard affect you or influence you?</strong></p> <p>Benazir Bhutto: I think the most profound influence in my formative years was the years I spent at Harvard. I went there at a time of great social ferment, at a time when the Vietnam war was being fought. I — as a nation — was against the Vietnam war, but I found that my American fellow students were against that war too. So — and they didn’t want to fight the war. They were protesting it and I found that if you didn’t like something you could do something about it. It was also a time when Robert Kennedy and Martin Luther King and idealism — Cesar Chavez and the grape boycott from California, labor rights. So I was very much into saving the world. My generation grew up in saving the world. We thought education wasn’t important. Exams weren’t important, although I still did it because I was scared my father would get cross, but I discovered that life was more than my homework and my tuitions and my tutorial. Life was about the larger issues where we could all play a role.</p> <p>The women’s movement had just started. Kate Millet had just written her book and I remember all the discussions we’d have about which of us women would succeed. I remember a very dear friend of mine in college years, who I have hardly seen since, Wendy Lesser. She was putting out a literary magazine in California the last I heard. But we’d sit there having these intense conversations about women succeeding. Could they succeed? Could they break the barriers? At that time many women still thought that their objective in life was to go and be married, and not so much to have a career.</p> <p>It was the time of McGovern running, and President Nixon’s resignation. You know, Massachusetts was the only state that voted for McGovern, so it showed how idealistic we were compared to the rest of the world. Recycling newspapers, I’d go around trying to recycle newspapers. I see a bit of that age come back in the sense of the environmental issues which are getting important, but less in issues of sacrificing yourself for the larger community. Now I think it’s more an age of the individual comes first. Then it was more an age where we as individuals subordinate ourselves to the larger communal good.</p> <p><strong>So you took all of this back to Pakistan with you?</strong></p> <p>Benazir Bhutto: Yes. I said, “Why can’t we change our presidents?” because I saw Watergate happening and President Nixon being impeached. I saw the power of democracy. It was really — I felt powerful. I felt my voice counted. And meantime in Pakistan my father had been trying to empower the ordinary Pakistanis and telling them that they could break free of the shackles of feudalism and a military industrial complex. So when I went back, my own experience put me a bit ahead because I had a broader experience. I had experience in Pakistan and in America, and I had seen it succeed. So I went back really at the right time.</p> <p><strong>Did you have any doubts about what a woman could accomplish in a Muslim country?</strong></p> <p>Benazir Bhutto: I didn’t have any doubts. My father was so important to me, and he thought a woman could succeed. He would tell me that “My daughter is going to make me more proud than Indira Ghandi made her father.” So for me it was normal for daughters to succeed. Indira Ghandi was a very powerful leader. Mrs. Bandaranaike in Sri Lanka had been the first woman prime minister. Then of course, we had Fatima Jinna, who was also a presidential candidate — unsuccessful but a presidential candidate.</p> <p>I grew up in a region full of powerful women and I thought, “Well if they can do it, I can do it too.” But when I used to talk to others they would say, “You’re mad. How can a woman succeed?” Not necessarily in politics, but I wanted to be a diplomat. I wanted to have my own newspaper. You know, I wanted to do things, and other people — men and women — would find that very surprising, so others doubted it. Even my own husband, when he married me, he thought I was under delusions that I could beat a military dictator, and he thought that, “When she wakes up and finds out that it’s all wrong and she can’t, then I’ll be there to console her.” Little knowing that I was the one who had to console him when I won.</p> <p>There would be people saying, “Women are second class citizens, women don’t have the same rights as men, and how can you think that people will elect you?” My father would say, “My daughter will be making me more proud.” I always felt that I could become prime minister if I wanted to. I had faith in myself, but at that stage I didn’t want to, because I had seen the assassination attempts on my father. I’d seen the assassination of Sheikh Mujibur in Bangladesh, and maybe there was just some kind of subconscious fear of what politics could bring, so I didn’t want to do it. I didn’t want the fear, the worries.</p> <p><strong>Was it the execution of your father that changed that?</strong></p> <p>Benazir Bhutto: His (my father’s) execution changed that, because I felt I just couldn’t let his blood, and the blood of all those others who had died — because the dictator hanged so many people who were supportive of him. And they were coming on the streets to have him freed, and he’d have them whiplashed or hanged, and I thought they all did so much and he did so much, and how can we let the dictator win and let all this blood go to waste? So it was really at that time a sense of vindicating them rather than having my own agenda. I did believe in democracy but later on I developed an independent agenda of my own.</p> <p><strong>As a woman, as a politician, as a leader, how much room is there for idealism in political leadership and achieving your goals?</strong></p> <p>Benazir Bhutto: For me idealism has been the motivation. I think power for itself is useless. If it was just power, how could one — politics is an obsession. You cannot just be in politics — or if you really want something — it is not an eight to five job. It’s an around the clock job. So if it was just power I think it would be very empty. I think idealism is very important. The need to change, to bring about change. I feel that life is like — or society is like — a canvas, and that if we get office you are given an opportunity to paint it. And it is up to you whether you make a good picture or whether you make a bad picture. I think it is very, very important to have ideals, because when one has ideals one thinks the suffering is worth it. And for me the suffering has been worth it because I think I could change things, and I am still idealistic and I am still optimistic. And people tell me, “Why are you still idealistic and optimistic?” And I say, “Because there could be ten people who are bad, but there are 90 people who are good.”</p> <p>You do have to be practical, so there are times when you make compromises, not because you want to, but that’s how the political mathematics plays out. There have been times when we have been forced into coalitions and we’ve been unable to do the things we want to do because of other coalition powers. It’s a balancing. It’s a game of mathematics. How much are you gaining? How much can you do, and how much are you losing? You put those down and you look at it and you say, “Well okay, the gains are so much; if this is the price that has to be paid, let’s pay it.”</p> <p><strong>Do you ever stop and think back on how you might have handled things differently in your career, in your life?</strong></p> <p>Benazir Bhutto: Very much so. When I look back on my life, I think of the different stages when we were so raw and naive, before we realized how things work. I think back to the time when my father was in prison. There were hard liners, they rejected compromise. There was a lot of pressure on the military dictator, but we just weren’t ready to compromise. I think now I would look at it differently.</p> <p>I think back to my first tenure as prime minister, and I didn’t get on with the president because he wanted to have a kind of presidential system and I believed in the parliamentary system. Then I remember a later president who was from my own party. I think of the amount of power I gave him, and he treated me so shabbily. If I had given the first president half the powers that I gave my own president, maybe he would not have knocked us out, and democracy could have taken stronger root.</p> <p>I look back also to little things. There used to be a South Asian Association Regional Conference, and I was supposed to go to New Delhi and I didn’t go because somebody told me, “Oh, let the president go. He’s from the Punjab and if he makes an agreement it will be more acceptable.” Now I realize that maybe he was unable to do it because he came from a more militaristic background than I did.</p> <p>Little things or big things, you look back and you say, “I wish I had done that a different way.” Much more critical to my own life was my failure to understand the world is moving towards transparency. I had lived through this era of military dictatorship when the press would write all sorts of things and it would be water off the duck’s back. When there were these demands, I did make an information act, but didn’t follow it through, so I wish I had given more freedom of information.</p> <p>I wish I had tackled the so-called corruption issues more deeply. It was a precedent. We all knew kickbacks must be taken. Not personally but on the level that, “These things happen.” It wasn’t like, “We are here to change it.” It was like, “This is how business is done.” In retrospect, I think that I would have done many, many, many things differently.</p> <p>But you learn from your own experiences. How do you succeed? By making right decisions. But how do you come to the right decisions? Through experience. And how do you get experience? Through wrong decisions. In retrospect, one is older and wiser.</p> <p><strong>But you simply have to keep going?</strong></p> <p>Benazir Bhutto: You have to keep going and keep in touch with people. Power is such a strange phenomenon that one gets isolated from the real world. People can’t see you. They can’t phone you. They have to go through the operator, and it’s up to the operator who he puts through. They can’t write you, because the secretary is going to read the letters and decide which ones are going to come to you And in countries like mine, where there has been less democracy for so many decades, and people are less literate, or very few have been educated overseas, the ability to decide what is important for the other person is missing, and it’s more an ability of who they want to please. This is quite frustrating for me because I have had exposure to the other world and I understand that it has to be done differently.</p> <p>So really one becomes a prisoner. I used to meet my party people, I used to meet poor people in the villages, and they were all very happy because we were doing poverty alleviation and so on. But people in the urban middle classes were very unhappy, and I realize now that I should have been out more meeting people who worked with us, or meeting people who were the representatives of organized groups.</p> <p>The other thing I learned, in the past when I used to meet people I used to want to tell them what we were doing. Now I realize that you have to listen to people and what they are saying we ought to be doing, because that’s the feedback. I heard the Prime Minister of Ireland say, “Even if you have an idea, let the other person think it’s their idea,” and he was so right.</p> <p>Each time one is in trouble or hits rock bottom, it’s a time for reflection. I think being able to climb back depends very much on the ability to reflect and see how the world has changed, because it’s going to go on changing.</p> <p><strong>If a young person came to you who wanted to live a life of activism, a political life, what would your advice be to them?</strong></p> <p>Benazir Bhutto: I’d tell them, “If you believe in something, go for it, but know that when you go for it there’s a price to be paid. Be ready to pay that price and you can contribute to the welfare of society, and society will acknowledge you and respect you for it. And don’t be afraid. Don’t be afraid.”</p> <p><strong>You and your husband are facing another personal crisis. What do you see ahead for yourself? What are you looking forward to?</strong></p> <p>Benazir Bhutto: I’ve left it to the Lord to decide which is the best path for me, while myself seeking high office. I learned in two decades that you can shape the direction of your society by being in power or even being outside power. So for the first time I realize you don’t have to be prime minister to dominate the debate, so I thought it’s better for me to concentrate on the party and build the party as an institution. Otherwise we never have the time. We’ve always been hounded, or we’re governing. Somebody needs to take time out to organize the party. So I said, “Let somebody else be the prime minister.” The party didn’t agree to it. They said, “We want you.” Now, as the situation is spiraling out of control more and more, people are saying, “But you’re the only national figure. You’ve got a team and you’ve got the experience and you’ve got a program, so we need you.”</p> <p>But it’s ambiguous, because while people want me, they have reservations. They may be founded well or founded wrong, but they have reservations about the role of my husband. It’s very difficult, because when I was in government my husband used to deal with all the traditional politicians, and he was a great help to me. Now I see the crisis is bigger and people expect me to overcome the bigger crisis, and I have that apprehension of “How will I do it if he’s not there to be dealing with some of the tribal lords and people who are in parliament?” You can’t wish them away. So I have that sort of hesitation.</p> <p>The second thing is on a more personal level. Of the 12 years I’ve been married, my husband has been behind bars for seven, so I say, “How is it life?” Again we are in politics, and the children won’t have the mother or the father, and my son is now 12. In the next five years he’ll be 17 and go off to college and then get a job and get married and have his own home. So I have these ambiguous feelings, “Is it right or not?” But I’ve always had a strong sense of duty, so I feel that I ought to go and put myself over as a candidate. My party has endorsed me for prime minister, but whether that happens or not, I leave it to the Lord to say whatever is best for me and best for my country.</p> <p><strong>Or your son could become prime minister. How would you feel about his going into politics?</strong></p> <p>Benazir Bhutto: If my children go into politics? Again very ambiguous, because I don’t want them to go through what I went through. As a mother I want to protect them from the tragedies that I have seen in my life, but they are growing up in a political home. They see politicians all the time. So for them being in politics is natural and they play games about who is going to be prime minister. I tell them, “Wait a minute. First you’ve got to get a job and you’ve got to get a profession. You can’t even think about politics without having a law degree or a medicine degree or engineering, some degree.” So I temper their enthusiasm. The world is changing, and I think that in the new global century you can have a career without being in government. Through NGOs and community service there’s a great deal that can be done.</p> <p><strong>What do you see as the biggest challenges ahead? I mean, not just for you or for Pakistan but in the world as we start our way through the 21st Century?</strong></p> <p>Benazir Bhutto: Ethnic and religious violence. I think that as nation states begin to become weaker because of the force of globalization, there will be a greater reversion to ethnicity and to religious violence. I fear that the international community lacks a mechanism for conflict prevention or being in a position to end the conflict. Everyone is looking towards America, and the American people have their own problems. They can be there if there’s a strategic concern, but they can’t be there everywhere. So there is a lack of growth of regional institutions that could deal with regional violence and leave the global problems or the strategic problems to the more global powers. I fear the 21st Century could witness a period of contradiction where there is the greatest era of peace — the super power rivalry having gone — but there is a lot of localized violence.</p> <p><strong>Still looking ahead into the 21st century, what are your hopes for us all? What are your hopes for Pakistan and the world?</strong></p> <p>Benazir Bhutto: My hope is really for a world of peace that provides people opportunities to prosper. Each individual is given life once to lead, and each individual deserves a chance to succeed, especially if they are prepared to work hard. People need peace and they need opportunity, in Pakistan and everywhere else. That’s the world I’d like to see.</p> <p><strong>We hope to see you again someday, perhaps to congratulate you on a Nobel Peace Prize for resolving the conflict in Kashmir. That would be nice.</strong></p> <p>Benazir Bhutto: That would be very nice. I would certainly work towards it if life and fate and my people gave me that opportunity.</p> <p><strong>Well, thank you for giving us this opportunity. We’ve enjoyed talking to you.</strong></p> <p>Thank you very much.</p> </div>  </aside>  <div class="read-more__toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#full-interview"><a href="#" class="sans-4 btn">Read full interview</a></div> </article> </section> </div> <div class="tab-pane fade" id="gallery" role="tabpanel"> <section class="isotope-wrapper">  <header class="toolbar toolbar--gallery bg-white clearfix"> <div class="col-md-6"> <div class="serif-4">Benazir Bhutto Gallery</div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 text-md-right isotope-toolbar"> <ul class="list-unstyled list-inline m-b-0 text-brand-primary sans-4"> <li class="list-inline-item" data-filter=".photo"><i class="icon-icon_camera"></i>17 photos</li> </ul> </div> </header> <div class="isotope-gallery isotope-box single-achiever__gallery clearfix"> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="1.4615384615385" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/NixonBhutto1973.jpg" data-image-caption="Richard Nixon meeting with Ali Bhutto, President of Pakistan, in 1973. (White House photo)" data-image-copyright="NixonBhutto1973" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/NixonBhutto1973-260x380.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/06/NixonBhutto1973-520x760.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.67105263157895" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Benazir_bhutto_1988.jpg" data-image-caption="Benazir Bhutto, the Prime Minister of Pakistan, speaks to the press upon her arrival in the United States for a state visit in 1989. (Gerald B. Johnson)" data-image-copyright="DF-SC-91-09102" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Benazir_bhutto_1988-380x255.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Benazir_bhutto_1988-760x510.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.67368421052632" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/bhu0-050-bhutto-R86147062.jpg" data-image-caption="Opposition leader Benazir Bhutto speaks to about 80,000 supporters during a campaign rally in Rawalpindi, Pakistan in 1986. (© Reuters/CORBIS)" data-image-copyright="Benazir Bhutto Speaking to Crowd" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/bhu0-050-bhutto-R86147062-380x256.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/06/bhu0-050-bhutto-R86147062-760x512.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="1.5079365079365" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/bhu0-011-bhutto-KX001160.jpg" data-image-caption="Benazir Bhutto in the 1990s. (© Karan Kapoor/CORBIS)" data-image-copyright="Pakistani Politician Benazir Bhutto" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/bhu0-011-bhutto-KX001160-252x380.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/06/bhu0-011-bhutto-KX001160-504x760.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.66973684210526" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/bhu0-010.jpg" data-image-caption="Pakistani Prime Minister Zulkifar Ali Bhutto (1928-1979), father of Benazir Bhutto, during a state visit to the White House in 1973. (© Bettmann/CORBIS)" data-image-copyright="bhu0-010" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/bhu0-010-380x254.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/06/bhu0-010-760x509.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.68421052631579" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/bhu0-009-Bhutto-Benazir-AP-08010305021.jpg" data-image-caption="Supporters of the Pakistan People's Party march with a banner of their slain leader, Benazir Bhutto, during a rally in Lahore, days after her death. (AP Images/K M Chaudary)" data-image-copyright="bhu0-009-Bhutto, Benazir AP 08010305021" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/bhu0-009-Bhutto-Benazir-AP-08010305021-380x260.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/06/bhu0-009-Bhutto-Benazir-AP-08010305021-760x520.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.66578947368421" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/bhu0-008-bhutto-FD001751-Benazir-Bhutto-and-husband-Corbis.jpg" data-image-caption="Benazir Bhutto and her husband, Asif Ali Zardari, on their wedding day, at Clifton Palace, Karachi, Pakistan, December 1987. (© Francoise de Mulder/CORBIS)" data-image-copyright="Wedding of Bhutto and Zardari" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/bhu0-008-bhutto-FD001751-Benazir-Bhutto-and-husband-Corbis-380x253.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/06/bhu0-008-bhutto-FD001751-Benazir-Bhutto-and-husband-Corbis-760x506.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.60131578947368" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/bhu0-007-bhutto-KX001160U89102056-Bhutto-with-Pres.-Bush.jpg" data-image-caption="Benazir Bhutto meeting with U. S. President George H. W. Bush in Tokyo following the funeral of Emperor Hirohito in 1989." data-image-copyright="Pakistani President Conversing with President George Bush" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/bhu0-007-bhutto-KX001160U89102056-Bhutto-with-Pres.-Bush-380x229.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/06/bhu0-007-bhutto-KX001160U89102056-Bhutto-with-Pres.-Bush-760x457.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.66578947368421" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/bhu0-006-bhutto-KX001160KX001159-Bhutto-with-her-children.jpg" data-image-caption="Benazir Bhutto and her children. (© Karan Kapoor/CORBIS)" data-image-copyright="Benazir Bhutto Poses with her Children" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/bhu0-006-bhutto-KX001160KX001159-Bhutto-with-her-children-380x253.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/06/bhu0-006-bhutto-KX001160KX001159-Bhutto-with-her-children-760x506.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.80131578947368" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/bhu0-005-bhutto-KX001160HU022621-Benazir-Bhuttos-father.jpg" data-image-caption="Ali Bhutto, President — and later Prime Minister — of Pakistan, father of Benazir Bhutto, during a 1973 visit to the United Kingdom. (© Hulton-Deutsch Collection/CORBIS)" data-image-copyright="Ali Bhutto" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/bhu0-005-bhutto-KX001160HU022621-Benazir-Bhuttos-father-380x305.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/06/bhu0-005-bhutto-KX001160HU022621-Benazir-Bhuttos-father-760x609.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.73815789473684" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/bhu0-004-bhutto-FT0005337-Bhutto-in-parade-Corbis.jpg" data-image-caption="Former Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto waves to her supporters in Karachi during a rally against the Pakistani government. (AFP Photo/Amir Qureshi Copyright AFP/Corbis) " data-image-copyright="Benazir Bhutto" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/bhu0-004-bhutto-FT0005337-Bhutto-in-parade-Corbis-380x280.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/06/bhu0-004-bhutto-FT0005337-Bhutto-in-parade-Corbis-760x561.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.65394736842105" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/bhu0-003-bhutto-KX001160WL004464-Benazir-Bhutto-portrait.jpg" data-image-caption="Benazir Bhutto, former Prime Minister of Pakistan. (© Wally McNamee/CORBIS)" data-image-copyright="Benazir Bhutto, former Prime Minister of Pakistan. (© Wally McNamee/CORBIS)" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/bhu0-003-bhutto-KX001160WL004464-Benazir-Bhutto-portrait-380x249.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/06/bhu0-003-bhutto-KX001160WL004464-Benazir-Bhutto-portrait-760x497.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="1.0289855072464" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/bhu0-002-zulfikar.jpg" data-image-caption="Ali Bhutto (1928-1979), Prime Minister of Pakistan and father of Benazir Bhutto. (© Bettmann/CORBIS)" data-image-copyright="bhu0-002-zulfikar" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/bhu0-002-zulfikar-369x380.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/06/bhu0-002-zulfikar.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="1.2520593080725" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/bhu0-001-BHUTTO-020-COPY.jpg" data-image-caption="Benazir Bhutto, former Prime Minister of Pakistan (Courtesy of Benazir Bhutto)" data-image-copyright="Benazir Bhutto, Former Prime Minister of Pakistan (Courtesy of Benazir Bhutto)" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/bhu0-001-BHUTTO-020-COPY-304x380.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/06/bhu0-001-BHUTTO-020-COPY-607x760.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.64868421052632" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/GettyImages-78659892.jpg" data-image-caption="A survivor is overcome with emotion at the site of a bomb blast attack on former Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto on December 27, 2007 in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Benazir Bhutto died from a bullet wound to the neck after speaking at a rally in the northern city, where an estimated 15 people were left dead by the explosion. (Photo by John Moore/Getty Images)" data-image-copyright="Many Killed In Suicide Blast At Bhutto Rally" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/GettyImages-78659892-380x246.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/07/GettyImages-78659892-760x493.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.73552631578947" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/GettyImages-95102487.jpg" data-image-caption="Pakistani President Zulfikar Ali Bhutto shakes hands with India's Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, June 28, 1972, in Shimla, the summer capital of India, while his daughter Benazir Bhutto and Indian Foreign Minister Swaran Singh look on. Bhutto visited India to meet Prime Minister Indira Gandhi and negotiated a formal peace agreement and the release of 93,000 Pakistani prisoners of war. The two leaders signed the Shimla Agreement, which committed both nations to establish a Line of Control in Kashmir and obligated them to resolve disputes peacefully through bilateral talks. (Photo by AFP/Getty Images)" data-image-copyright="INDIA-PAKISTAN-BHUTTO" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/GettyImages-95102487-380x280.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/07/GettyImages-95102487-760x559.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.65921052631579" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Bhutto-Benazir-and-Dr.-David-H.-Donald-.jpg" data-image-caption="Benazir Bhutto, the 11th prime minister of Pakistan, is presented with the Academy of Achievement's Golden Plate Award by Pulitzer Prize-winning historian Dr. David Herbert Donald at the 2000 Achievement Summit in London. (© Academy of Achievement)" data-image-copyright="bhutto-benazir-and-dr-david-h-donald" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Bhutto-Benazir-and-Dr.-David-H.-Donald--380x251.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Bhutto-Benazir-and-Dr.-David-H.-Donald--760x501.jpg"></div>  </figure>    </div> </section> </div> </div> <div class="container"> <footer class="editorial-article__footer col-md-8 col-md-offset-4"> <div class="editorial-article__next-link sans-3"> <a href="#"><strong>What's next:</strong> <span class="editorial-article__next-link-title">profile</span></a> </div> <ul class="social list-unstyled list-inline ssk-group m-b-0"> <li class="list-inline-item"><a href="" class="ssk ssk-facebook" data-gtm-category="social" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Shared Achiever on Facebook"><i class="icon-icon_facebook-circle"></i></a></li> <li class="list-inline-item"><a href="" class="ssk ssk-twitter" data-gtm-category="social" 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Carter Brown</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/linda-buck/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Linda Buck, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/carol-burnett/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Carol Burnett</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/george-h-w-bush/"><span class="achiever-list-name">George H. W. Bush</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/susan-butcher/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Susan Butcher</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/james-cameron/"><span class="achiever-list-name">James Cameron</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/benjamin-s-carson/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Benjamin S. Carson, M.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/jimmy-carter/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Jimmy Carter</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/johnny-cash/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Johnny Cash</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/william-j-clinton/"><span class="achiever-list-name">William J. Clinton</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/francis-s-collins/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Francis S. Collins, M.D., Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/denton-a-cooley/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Denton A. Cooley, M.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/francis-ford-coppola/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Francis Ford Coppola</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/ray-dalio/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Ray Dalio</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/olivia-de-havilland/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Dame Olivia de Havilland</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/michael-e-debakey-m-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Michael E. DeBakey, M.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/michael-dell/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Michael S. Dell</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/ron-dennis/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Ron Dennis</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/joan-didion/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Joan Didion</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/david-herbert-donald-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">David Herbert Donald, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/david-doubilet/"><span class="achiever-list-name">David Doubilet</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/rita-dove/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Rita Dove</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/sylvia-earle/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Sylvia Earle, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/elbaradei/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Mohamed ElBaradei</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/gertrude-elion/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Gertrude B. Elion, M.Sc.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/larry-j-ellison/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Larry J. Ellison</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/nora-ephron/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Nora Ephron</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/julius-erving/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Julius Erving</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/tony-fadell/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Tony Fadell</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/paul-farmer/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Paul Farmer, M.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/suzanne-farrell/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Suzanne Farrell</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/anthony-s-fauci-m-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Anthony S. Fauci, M.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/sally-field/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Sally Field</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/lord-norman-foster/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Lord Norman Foster</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/aretha-franklin/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Aretha Franklin</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/milton-friedman-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Milton Friedman, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/carlos-fuentes/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Carlos Fuentes</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/athol-fugard/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Athol Fugard</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/ernest-j-gaines/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Ernest J. Gaines</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/william-h-gates-iii/"><span class="achiever-list-name">William H. Gates III</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/leymah-gbowee/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Leymah Gbowee</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/frank-gehry/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Frank O. Gehry</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/murray-gell-mann-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Murray Gell-Mann, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/carlos-ghosn/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Carlos Ghosn</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/vince-gill/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Vince Gill</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/ruth-bader-ginsburg/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Ruth Bader Ginsburg</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/louise-gluck/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Louise Glück</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/whoopi-goldberg/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Whoopi Goldberg</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/jane-goodall/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Dame Jane Goodall</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/doris-kearns-goodwin/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Doris Kearns Goodwin, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/mikhail-s-gorbachev/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Mikhail S. Gorbachev</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/nadine-gordimer/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Nadine Gordimer</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/stephen-jay-gould/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Stephen Jay Gould, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/carol-greider-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Carol Greider, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/john-grisham/"><span class="achiever-list-name">John Grisham</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/sir-john-gurdon/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Sir John Gurdon</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/dorothy-hamill/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Dorothy Hamill</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/demis-hassabis-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Demis Hassabis, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/lauryn-hill/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Lauryn Hill</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/sir-edmund-hillary/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Sir Edmund Hillary</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/reid-hoffman/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Reid Hoffman</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/khaled-hosseini/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Khaled Hosseini, M.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/ron-howard/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Ron Howard</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/john-hume/"><span class="achiever-list-name">John Hume</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/louis-ignarro-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Louis Ignarro, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/daniel-inouye/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Daniel K. Inouye</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/jeremy-irons/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Jeremy Irons</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/john-irving/"><span class="achiever-list-name">John Irving</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/kazuo-ishiguro/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Kazuo Ishiguro</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/sir-peter-jackson/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Sir Peter Jackson</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/donald-c-johanson/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Donald C. Johanson, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/frank-m-johnson/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Frank M. Johnson, Jr.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/philip-johnson/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Philip C. Johnson</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/chuck-jones/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Chuck Jones</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/james-earl-jones/"><span class="achiever-list-name">James Earl Jones</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/quincy-jones/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Quincy Jones</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/beverly-joubert/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Beverly Joubert</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/dereck-joubert/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Dereck Joubert</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/paul-kagame/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Paul Kagame</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/thomas-keller-2/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Thomas Keller</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/anthony-m-kennedy/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Anthony M. Kennedy</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/b-b-king/"><span class="achiever-list-name">B.B. King</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/carole-king/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Carole King</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/coretta-scott-king/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Coretta Scott King</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/henry-kissinger-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Henry A. Kissinger, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/willem-j-kolff/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Willem J. Kolff, M.D., Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/wendy-kopp/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Wendy Kopp</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/henry-r-kravis/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Henry R. Kravis</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/nicholas-d-kristof/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Nicholas D. Kristof</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/mike-krzyzewski/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Mike Krzyzewski</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/ray-kurzwell/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Ray Kurzweil</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/eric-lander-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Eric S. Lander, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/robert-s-langer-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Robert S. Langer, Sc.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/richard-leakey/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Richard E. Leakey</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/leon-lederman-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Leon Lederman, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/robert-lefkowitz-m-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Robert J. Lefkowitz, M.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/congressman-john-r-lewis/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Congressman John R. Lewis</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/maya-lin/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Maya Lin</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/george-lucas/"><span class="achiever-list-name">George Lucas</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/norman-mailer/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Norman Mailer</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/peyton-manning/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Peyton Manning</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/wynton-marsalis/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Wynton Marsalis</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/john-c-mather-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">John C. Mather, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/johnny-mathis/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Johnny Mathis</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/ernst-mayr-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Ernst Mayr, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/willie-mays/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Willie Mays</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/frank-mccourt/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Frank McCourt</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/david-mccullough/"><span class="achiever-list-name">David McCullough</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/audra-mcdonald/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Audra McDonald</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/admiral-william-h-mcraven/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Admiral William H. McRaven, USN</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/w-s-merwin/"><span class="achiever-list-name">W. S. Merwin</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/james-a-michener/"><span class="achiever-list-name">James A. Michener</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/marvin-minsky-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Marvin Minsky, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/mario-j-molina-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Mario J. Molina, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/n-scott-momaday-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">N. Scott Momaday, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/story-musgrave/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Story Musgrave, M.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/ralph-nader/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Ralph Nader</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/peggy-noonan/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Peggy Noonan</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/jessye-norman/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Jessye Norman</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/tommy-norris/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Lt. Thomas R. Norris, USN</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/joyce-carol-oates/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Joyce Carol Oates</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/pierre-omidyar/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Pierre Omidyar</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/jimmy-page/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Jimmy Page</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/larry-page/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Larry Page</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/arnold-palmer/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Arnold Palmer</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/leon-panetta/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Leon Panetta</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/rosa-parks/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Rosa Parks</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/suzan-lori-parks/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Suzan-Lori Parks</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/linus-pauling/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Linus C. Pauling, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/shimon-peres/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Shimon Peres</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/itzhak-perlman/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Itzhak Perlman</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/general-david-petraeus/"><span class="achiever-list-name">General David H. Petraeus, USA</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/sidney-poitier/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Sidney Poitier</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/general-colin-l-powell/"><span class="achiever-list-name">General Colin L. Powell, USA</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/harold-prince/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Harold Prince</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/venki-ramakrishnan-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Venki Ramakrishnan, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/lord-martin-rees/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Lord Martin Rees</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/lloyd-richards/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Lloyd Richards</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/sally-ride-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Sally K. Ride, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/sonny-rollins/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Sonny Rollins</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/anthony-romero/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Anthony Romero</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/james-rosenquist/"><span class="achiever-list-name">James Rosenquist</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/pete-rozelle/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Pete Rozelle</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/bill-russell/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Bill Russell</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/albie-sachs/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Albie Sachs</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/oliver-sacks-m-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Oliver Sacks, M.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/jonas-salk-m-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Jonas Salk, M.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/frederick-sanger-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Frederick Sanger, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/george-b-schaller-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">George B. Schaller, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/barry-scheck/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Barry Scheck</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/richard-evans-schultes-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Richard Evans Schultes, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/general-h-norman-schwarzkopf/"><span class="achiever-list-name">General H. Norman Schwarzkopf, USA</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/stephen-schwarzman/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Stephen A. Schwarzman</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/glenn-t-seaborg-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Glenn T. Seaborg, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/neil-sheehan/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Neil Sheehan</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/admiral-alan-shepard-jr/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Admiral Alan B. Shepard, Jr., USN</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/ellen-johnson-sirleaf/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Ellen Johnson Sirleaf</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/carlos-slim/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Carlos Slim Helú</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/frederick-w-smith/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Frederick W. Smith</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/stephen-sondheim/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Stephen Sondheim</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/sonia-sotomayor/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Sonia Sotomayor</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/wole-soyinka/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Wole Soyinka</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/esperanza-spalding/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Esperanza Spalding</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/martha-stewart/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Martha Stewart</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/admiral-james-b-stockdale/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Admiral James B. Stockdale, USN</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/hilary-swank/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Hilary Swank</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/amy-tan/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Amy Tan</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/dame-kiri-te-kanawa/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Dame Kiri Te Kanawa</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/edward-teller-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Edward Teller, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/twyla-tharp/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Twyla Tharp</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/wayne-thiebaud/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Wayne Thiebaud</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/lt-michael-e-thornton-usn/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Lt. Michael E. Thornton, USN</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/charles-h-townes-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Charles H. Townes, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/david-trimble/"><span class="achiever-list-name">David Trimble</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/ted-turner/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Robert Edward (Ted) Turner</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/desmond-tutu/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Archbishop Desmond Tutu</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/john-updike/"><span class="achiever-list-name">John Updike</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/gore-vidal/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Gore Vidal</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/antonio-villaraigosa/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Antonio Villaraigosa</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/lech-walesa/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Lech Walesa</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/herschel-walker/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Herschel Walker</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/james-d-watson/"><span class="achiever-list-name">James D. Watson, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/andrew-weil-m-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Andrew Weil, M.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/leslie-h-wexner/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Leslie H. Wexner</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/elie-wiesel/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Elie Wiesel</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/edward-o-wilson-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Edward O. Wilson, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/oprah-winfrey/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Oprah Winfrey</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/tom-wolfe/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Tom Wolfe</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/john-wooden/"><span class="achiever-list-name">John Wooden</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/bob-woodward/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Bob Woodward</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/shinya-yamanaka-m-d-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Shinya Yamanaka, M.D., Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/general-chuck-yeager/"><span class="achiever-list-name">General Chuck Yeager, USAF</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/andrew-young/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Andrew J. Young</span></a> </li> </ul> <div class="list__close"></div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-3"> <ul id="menu-footer-menu-col-1" class="menu list-unstyled"><li class="menu-item menu-item-has-children menu-our-history"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/our-history/">Our History</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-about-the-academy"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/our-history/">About the Academy</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-academy-patrons"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/our-history/patrons/">Academy Patrons</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-delegate-alumni"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181224053531/http://www.achievement.org/our-history/alumni/">Delegate Alumni</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-directors-our-team"><a 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