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offspring</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: offspring"> <meta name="keywords" content="offspring"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="offspring"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 89</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: offspring</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">89</span> Parental Diet Effects on Offspring Body Size and Pathogen Resistance in Bactrocera tryoni </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hue%20Dinh">Hue Dinh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Binh%20Nguyen"> Binh Nguyen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vivian%20Mendez"> Vivian Mendez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phillip%20W.%20Taylor"> Phillip W. Taylor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fleur%20Ponton"> Fleur Ponton</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Better understanding of how parental diet affects offspring traits is an important ecological and evolutionary question. In this study, we explored how maternal diet influences offspring physiology and resistance to infection using Bactrocera tryoni (Q-fly) as a system model. Female Q-flies were fed one of six single diets varying in their yeast-to-sugar ratio yielding six protein-to-carbohydrate ratios. As controls, we used females that were given a choice between yeast and sugar. Males were reared on a choice diet and allowed to mate with females 14 days post-emergence. Results showed that while maternal diet does not influence offspring developmental time, it has a strong effect on larval body weight. Mother fed either high-protein or high-sugar diet produced larger progeny. By challenging offspring with the bacterium Serratia marcescens, we found that female offspring from mothers fed high-sugar diet survived better the infection compared to those from mothers fed low-sugar diet. In contrast, male offspring produced by mother fed high-protein diet showed better resistance to the infection compared to those produced by mother fed low-protein diet. These results suggested sex-dependent transgenerational effects of maternal nutrition on offspring physiology and immunity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bacterial%20infection" title="bacterial infection">bacterial infection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bactrocera%20tryoni" title=" Bactrocera tryoni"> Bactrocera tryoni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maternal%20diet" title=" maternal diet"> maternal diet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=offspring" title=" offspring"> offspring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Serretia%20marcescens" title=" Serretia marcescens"> Serretia marcescens</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90878/parental-diet-effects-on-offspring-body-size-and-pathogen-resistance-in-bactrocera-tryoni" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90878.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">88</span> Effects of Maternal Nutrition at Different Stages of Pregnancy in Bali Cows on Growth Performance of the Offspring to Weaning</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20P.%20Rahardja">D. P. Rahardja</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20L.%20Toleng"> A. L. Toleng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Yusuf"> M. Yusuf </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this study was to investigate the life-long effect of in utero nutrition fed at different stages of pregnancy in Bali cows (n = 40): (U1) without in utero nutrition (0 – parturition, negative control); (U2) 0 – 90 d of gestation; (U3) 90 - 180 d of gestation; (U4) 180 d – parturition; and (U5) in utero nutrition along gestation period (0 d to parturition – positive control) on the growth performance of the offspring to weaning age. The results indicated that effect of maternal nutrition on male and female offspring were particularly indicated by the growth performance of both the male and female offspring from birth to weaning. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bali%20cows" title="Bali cows">Bali cows</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=birth%20weight" title=" birth weight"> birth weight</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maternal%20nutrition" title=" maternal nutrition"> maternal nutrition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pre-weaning%20daily%20gain" title=" pre-weaning daily gain"> pre-weaning daily gain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weaning%20weight" title=" weaning weight "> weaning weight </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8557/effects-of-maternal-nutrition-at-different-stages-of-pregnancy-in-bali-cows-on-growth-performance-of-the-offspring-to-weaning" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8557.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">312</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">87</span> Transgenerational Impact of Intrauterine Hyperglycaemia to F2 Offspring without Pre-Diabetic Exposure on F1 Male Offspring</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jun%20Ren">Jun Ren</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhen-Hua%20Ming"> Zhen-Hua Ming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=He-Feng%20Huang"> He-Feng Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jian-Zhong%20Sheng"> Jian-Zhong Sheng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Adverse intrauterine stimulus during critical or sensitive periods in early life, may lead to health risk not only in later life span, but also further generations. Intrauterine hyperglycaemia, as a major feature of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), is a typical adverse environment for both F1 fetus and F1 gamete cells development. However, there is scare information of phenotypic difference of metabolic memory between somatic cells and germ cells exposed by intrauterine hyperglycaemia. The direct transmission effect of intrauterine hyperglycaemia per se has not been assessed either. In this study, we built a GDM mice model and selected male GDM offspring without pre-diabetic phenotype as our founders, to exclude postnatal diabetic influence on gametes, thereby investigate the direct transmission effect of intrauterine hyperglycaemia exposure on F2 offspring, and we further compared the metabolic difference of affected F1-GDM male offspring and F2 offspring. A GDM mouse model of intrauterine hyperglycemia was established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin after pregnancy. Pups of GDM mother were fostered by normal control mothers. All the mice were fed with standard food. Male GDM offspring without metabolic dysfunction phenotype were crossed with normal female mice to obtain F2 offspring. Body weight, glucose tolerance test, insulin tolerance test and homeostasis model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index were measured in both generations at 8 week of age. Some of F1-GDM male mice showed impaired glucose tolerance (p < 0.001), none of F1-GDM male mice showed impaired insulin sensitivity. Body weight of F1-GDM mice showed no significance with control mice. Some of F2-GDM offspring exhibited impaired glucose tolerance (p < 0.001), all the F2-GDM offspring exhibited higher HOMA-IR index (p < 0.01 of normal glucose tolerance individuals vs. control, p < 0.05 of glucose intolerance individuals vs. control). All the F2-GDM offspring exhibited higher ITT curve than control (p < 0.001 of normal glucose tolerance individuals, p < 0.05 of glucose intolerance individuals, vs. control). F2-GDM offspring had higher body weight than control mice (p < 0.001 of normal glucose tolerance individuals, p < 0.001 of glucose intolerance individuals, vs. control). While glucose intolerance is the only phenotype that F1-GDM male mice may exhibit, F2 male generation of healthy F1-GDM father showed insulin resistance, increased body weight and/or impaired glucose tolerance. These findings imply that intrauterine hyperglycaemia exposure affects germ cells and somatic cells differently, thus F1 and F2 offspring demonstrated distinct metabolic dysfunction phenotypes. And intrauterine hyperglycaemia exposure per se has a strong influence on F2 generation, independent of postnatal metabolic dysfunction exposure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inheritance" title="inheritance">inheritance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=insulin%20resistance" title=" insulin resistance"> insulin resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intrauterine%20hyperglycaemia" title=" intrauterine hyperglycaemia"> intrauterine hyperglycaemia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=offspring" title=" offspring"> offspring</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71176/transgenerational-impact-of-intrauterine-hyperglycaemia-to-f2-offspring-without-pre-diabetic-exposure-on-f1-male-offspring" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71176.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">238</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">86</span> Association between Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy and the Development of Offspring Mental and Behavioural Problems: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Berihun%20Dachew">Berihun Dachew</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdullah%20Mamun"> Abdullah Mamun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joemer%20%20%20Maravilla"> Joemer Maravilla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rosa%20Alati"> Rosa Alati</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are a major cause of maternal and childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, its effect on offspring mental and behavioural disorders is unclear. Aims:The aim of this study was to provide the best scientific evidence regarding the association between hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and offspring mental and behavioural problems. Methods: We systematically searched Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane, EMBASE, CINAH and PsycINFO databases. A total of 23 studies (11 included in meta-analysis) were identified. A qualitative analysis was conducted by summarizing, comparing, and contrasting the abstracted data for all included studies. For quantitative analysis, relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was used as pooled effect size. Heterogeneity was assessed by measuring Cochran’s Q and I2 test statistics. Results: Of the 23 studies included in this review, 15 studies found that hypertensive disorders of pregnancy had a negative impact for at least one mental or behavioural problem. The pooled effect of 11 studies included in the meta-analysis showed that preeclampsia was associated with increased risk of offspring schizophrenia (RR=1.37; 95% CI, 1.08-1.72). Conclusions: Intrauterine exposure to pre-eclampsia increased the risk of schizophrenia among offspring. However, we found inconclusive finding on the effect of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and other mental and behavioural problems. Further high quality, large sample, mother child cohort studies are needed to further progress this area of research. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=behavioural%20disorders" title="behavioural disorders">behavioural disorders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hypertensive%20disorders%20of%20pregnancy" title=" hypertensive disorders of pregnancy"> hypertensive disorders of pregnancy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mental%20disorders" title=" mental disorders"> mental disorders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=offspring" title=" offspring"> offspring</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73473/association-between-hypertensive-disorders-of-pregnancy-and-the-development-of-offspring-mental-and-behavioural-problems-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73473.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">238</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">85</span> Association of Severe Preeclampsia with Offspring Neurodevelopmental and Psychiatric Disorders: A Finnish Population-Based Cohort Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Linghua%20Kong">Linghua Kong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xinxia%20Chen"> Xinxia Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mika%20Gissler"> Mika Gissler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Catharina%20Lavebratt"> Catharina Lavebratt</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Prenatal exposure to preeclampsia has been associated with an increased risk of offspring attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and intellectual disability. However, little is known about the association between prenatal exposure to severe preeclampsia and neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders in offspring. Objective: This study aimed to assess the risk of maternal preeclampsia combined with perinatal problems, specifically low birth weight and prematurity, on offspring neuropsychiatric disorders. Methods: All singleton live births in Finland between 1996 and 2014 (n=1 012 723) were followed up in nation-wide registries until 2018. Main exposures included pre-eclampsia, small for gestational age, and delivery before 34 gestational weeks. Offspring neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders (ICD-10 codes) were examined as outcomes variables. Offspring birth year, sex, maternal age at delivery, parity, marital status at birth, mother's country of birth, maternal smoking, maternal gestational diabetes, maternal use of psychotropic medication during pregnancy, and maternal systemic inflammatory diseases were used as covariates. Risks for neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders were estimated using Cox proportional hazards modeling. Results: Of the 1 012 723 offspring, 25 901 (2.6%) were exposed to preeclampsia, and 93 281 (9.2%) were diagnosed with a neuropsychiatric disorder. Compared to births unexposed to preeclampsia, small for gestational age or delivery before 34 gestational weeks, those exposed to preeclampsia only had a 21% increase in the likelihood of any neuropsychiatric disorders after adjusting for potential confounding (adjusted HR=1.21, 95% CI: 1.15-1.26), while exposure to preeclampsia combined with small for gestational age or delivery before 34 gestational weeks had a more than twofold increased risk of having a child with neuropsychiatric disorders (adjusted HR=2.16, 95% CI: 2.02-2.32). The adjusted HR for neuropsychiatric disorders in offspring with small for gestational age or delivery before 34 gestational weeks only was 1.79 (95% CI: 1.73-1.83). In addition, the risk estimate in offspring exposed to both preeclampsia and perinatal problems was greater than those only exposed to preeclampsia for having personality disorders (adjusted HR=1.66; 95% CI: 1.07-2.57), intellectual disabilities (adjusted HR=3.47; 95% CI: 2.86-4.22), specific developmental disorders (adjusted HR=2.91; 95% CI: 2.69-3.15), ASD (adjusted HR=1.75; 95% CI: 1.42-2.17), ADHD and conduct disorders (adjusted HR=2.00; 95%CI: 1.76-2.27), and other behavioral and emotional disorders (adjusted HR=2.09; 95% CI: 1.84-2.37). Conclusion: In utero exposure to severe preeclampsia increased the risk of several neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders in offspring. Our findings are relevant to women with hypertensive disorders with regard to pregnancy consultation and management and may yield effective clues for the prevention of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders in childhood. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20birth%20weight" title="low birth weight">low birth weight</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neurodevelopmental%20disorders" title=" neurodevelopmental disorders"> neurodevelopmental disorders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preeclampsia" title=" preeclampsia"> preeclampsia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prematurity" title=" prematurity"> prematurity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychiatric%20disorders" title=" psychiatric disorders"> psychiatric disorders</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134062/association-of-severe-preeclampsia-with-offspring-neurodevelopmental-and-psychiatric-disorders-a-finnish-population-based-cohort-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134062.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">147</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">84</span> Intergenerational Trauma: Patterns of Child Abuse and Neglect Across Two Generations in a Barbados Cohort</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rebecca%20S.%20Hock">Rebecca S. Hock</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cyralene%20P.%20Bryce"> Cyralene P. Bryce</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kevin%20Williams"> Kevin Williams</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arielle%20G.%20Rabinowitz"> Arielle G. Rabinowitz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Janina%20R.%20Galler"> Janina R. Galler</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Findings have been mixed regarding whether offspring of parents who were abused or neglected as children have a greater risk of experiencing abuse or neglect themselves. In addition, many studies on this topic are restricted to physical abuse and take place in a limited number of countries, representing a small segment of the world's population. Methods: We examined relationships between childhood maltreatment history assessed in a subset (N=68) of the original longitudinal birth cohort (G1) of the Barbados Nutrition Study and their now-adult offspring (G2) (N=111) using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF). We used Pearson correlations to assess relationships between parent and offspring CTQ-SF total and subscale scores (physical, emotional, and sexual abuse; physical and emotional neglect). Next, we ran multiple regression analyses, using the parental CTQ-SF total score and the parental Sexual Abuse score as primary predictors separately in our models of G2 CTQ-SF (total and subscale scores). Results: G1 total CTQ-SF scores were correlated with G2 offspring Emotional Neglect and total scores. G1 Sexual Abuse history was significantly correlated with G2 Emotional Abuse, Sexual Abuse, Emotional Neglect, and Total Score. In fully-adjusted regression models, parental (G1) total CTQ-SF scores remained significantly associated with G2 offspring reports of Emotional Neglect, and parental (G1) Sexual Abuse was associated with offspring (G2) reports of Emotional Abuse, Physical Abuse, Emotional Neglect, and overall CTQ-SF scores. Conclusions: Our findings support a link between parental exposure to childhood maltreatment and their offspring's self-reported exposure to childhood maltreatment. Of note, there was not an exact correspondence between the subcategory of maltreatment experienced from one generation to the next. Compared with other subcategories, G1 Sexual Abuse history was the most likely to predict G2 offspring maltreatment. Further studies are needed to delineate underlying mechanisms and to develop intervention strategies aimed at preventing intergenerational transmission. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trauma" title="trauma">trauma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=family" title=" family"> family</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adolescents" title=" adolescents"> adolescents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intergenerational%20trauma" title=" intergenerational trauma"> intergenerational trauma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=child%20abuse" title=" child abuse"> child abuse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=child%20neglect" title=" child neglect"> child neglect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20mental%20health" title=" global mental health"> global mental health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=North%20America" title=" North America"> North America</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159335/intergenerational-trauma-patterns-of-child-abuse-and-neglect-across-two-generations-in-a-barbados-cohort" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159335.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">84</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">83</span> The Lasting Impact of Parental Conflict on Self-Differentiation of Young Adult OffspringThe Lasting Impact of Parental Conflict on Self-Differentiation of Young Adult Offspring</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Benedetto">A. Benedetto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Wong"> P. Wong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Papouchis"> N. Papouchis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20W.%20Samstag"> L. W. Samstag</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Bowen’s concept of self-differentiation describes a healthy balance of autonomy and intimacy in close relationships, and it has been widely researched in the context of family dynamics. The current study aimed to clarify the impact of family dysfunction on self-differentiation by specifically examining conflict between parents, and by including young adults, an underexamined age group in this domain (N = 300; ages 18 to 30). It also identified a protective factor for offspring from conflictual homes. The 300 young adults (recruited online through Mechanical Turk) completed the Differentiation of Self Inventory (DSI), the Children’s Perception of Interparental Conflict Scale (CPIC), the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), and the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R). Analyses revealed that interparental conflict significantly impairs self-differentiation among young adult offspring. Specifically, exposure to parental conflict showed a negative impact on young adults’ sense of self, emotional reactivity, and interpersonal cutoff in the context of close relationships. Parental conflict was also related to increased psychological distress among offspring. Surprisingly, the study found that parental divorce does not impair self-differentiation in offspring, demonstrating the distinctly harmful impact of conflict. These results clarify a unique type of family dysfunction that impairs self-differentiation, specifically in distinguishing it from parental divorce; it examines young adults, a critical age group not previously examined in this domain; and it identifies a moderating protective factor (a strong parent-child bond) for offspring exposed to conflict. Overall, results suggest the need for modifications in parental behavior in order to protect offspring at risk of lasting emotional and interpersonal damage. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=divorce" title="divorce">divorce</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=family%20dysfunction" title=" family dysfunction"> family dysfunction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parental%20conflict" title=" parental conflict"> parental conflict</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parent-child%20bond" title=" parent-child bond"> parent-child bond</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relationships" title=" relationships"> relationships</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-differentiation" title=" self-differentiation"> self-differentiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=young%20adults" title=" young adults"> young adults</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112073/the-lasting-impact-of-parental-conflict-on-self-differentiation-of-young-adult-offspringthe-lasting-impact-of-parental-conflict-on-self-differentiation-of-young-adult-offspring" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112073.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">155</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">82</span> Perinatal Ethanol Exposure Modifies CART System in Rat Brain Anticipated for Development of Anxiety, Depression and Memory Deficits</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20P.%20Dandekar">M. P. Dandekar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20P.%20Bharne"> A. P. Bharne</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20T.%20Borkar"> P. T. Borkar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20M.%20Kokare"> D. M. Kokare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20K.%20Subhedar"> N. K. Subhedar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ethanol ingestion by the mother ensue adverse consequences for her offspring. Herein, we examine the behavioral phenotype and neural substrate of the offspring of the mother on ethanol. Female rats were fed with ethanol-containing liquid diet from 8 days prior of conception and continued till 25 days post-parturition to coincide with weaning. Behavioral changes associated with anxiety, depression and learning and memory were assessed in the offspring, after they attained adulthood (day 85), using elevated plus maze (EPM), forced swim (FST) and novel object recognition tests (NORT), respectively. The offspring of the alcoholic mother, compared to those of the pair-fed mother, spent significantly more time in closed arms of EPM and showed more immobility time in FST. Offspring at the age of 25 and 85 days failed to discriminate between novel versus familiar object in NORT, thus reflecting anxiogenic, depressive and amnesic phenotypes. Neuropeptide cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide (CART) is known to be involved in central effects of ethanol and hence selected for the current study. Twenty-five days old pups of the alcoholic mother showed significant augmentation in CART-immunoreactivity in the cells of Edinger-Westphal (EW) nucleus and lateral hypothalamus. However, a significant decrease in CART-immunoreactivity was seen in nucleus accumbens shell (AcbSh), lateral part of bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNSTl), locus coeruleus (LC), hippocampus (CA1, CA2 and CA3), and arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the pups and/or adults offspring. While no change in the CART-immunoreactive fibers of AcbSh and BNSTl, CA2 and CA3 was noticed in the 25 days old pups, the CART-immunoreactive cells in EW and paraventricular nucleus (PVN), and fibers in the central nucleus of amygdala of 85 days old offspring remained unaffected. We suggest that the endogenous CART system in these discrete areas, among other factors, may be a causal to the abnormalities in the next generation of an alcoholic mother. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anxiety" title="anxiety">anxiety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=depression" title=" depression"> depression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CART" title=" CART"> CART</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethanol" title=" ethanol"> ethanol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immunocytochemistry" title=" immunocytochemistry"> immunocytochemistry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40929/perinatal-ethanol-exposure-modifies-cart-system-in-rat-brain-anticipated-for-development-of-anxiety-depression-and-memory-deficits" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40929.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">395</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">81</span> The Effect of Micro-Order in Family on Divorce: A Case Study on Married Offspring of the Martyr in the City of Mashhad, Iran</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Eskafi">Maryam Eskafi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purpose: Frequent referrals of the martyr offspring to The Martyr Foundation and studying divorce documents revealed the depth of family quarrels among the martyr families. For this reason, conducting the research of this type can be effective. Method: Research method is survey. Statistical population is the total of married offspring of the martyr living in Mashhad City of Iran. Data were gathered by using questionnaire administered with a sample of 250 selected by using cluster sampling method. Results: Family order may lead to the ground actions for divorce through life satisfaction. Conclusion: life satisfaction with -0.62 beta value has a strong negative effect on the ground actions for divorce. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ground%20actions%20for%20divorce" title="ground actions for divorce">ground actions for divorce</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20satisfaction" title=" life satisfaction"> life satisfaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=family%20order" title=" family order"> family order</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=satisfaction" title=" satisfaction"> satisfaction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40502/the-effect-of-micro-order-in-family-on-divorce-a-case-study-on-married-offspring-of-the-martyr-in-the-city-of-mashhad-iran" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40502.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">308</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">80</span> Mesovarial Morphological Changes in Offspring Exposed to Maternal Cold Stress</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ariunaa.S.">Ariunaa.S.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Javzandulam%20E."> Javzandulam E.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chimegsaikhan%20S."> Chimegsaikhan S.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Altantsetseg%20B."> Altantsetseg B.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oyungerel%20S."> Oyungerel S.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bat-Erdene%20T."> Bat-Erdene T.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naranbaatar%20S."> Naranbaatar S.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Otgonbayar%20B."> Otgonbayar B.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suvdaa%20N."> Suvdaa N.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tumenbayar%20B."> Tumenbayar B.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Prenatal stress has been linked to heightened allergy sensitivity in offspring. However, there is a notable absence of research on the mesovarium structure of offspring born from mothers subjected to cold stress during pregnancy. Understanding the impact of maternal cold stress on the mesovarium structure could provide valuable insights into reproductive health outcomes in offspring. Objective: This study aims to investigate structural changes in the mesovarium of offspring born from cold-stress affected rats. Material and Methods: 20 female Westar rats weighing around 200g were chosen and evenly divided into four containers; then, 2-3 male rats were introduced to each container. The Papanicolaou method was used to estimate the spermatozoa and estrus period from vaginal swabs taken from female rats at 8:00 a.m. Female rats examined with the presence of spermatozoa during the estrous phase of the estrous cycle are defined as pregnant. Pregnant rats are divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group was stressed using the model of severe and chronic cold stress for 30 days. They were exposed to cold stress for 3 hours each morning between 8:00 and 11:00 o’clock at a temperature of minus 15 degrees Celsius. The control group was kept under normal laboratory conditions. Newborn female rats from both experimental and control groups were selected. At 2 months of age, rats were euthanized by decapitation, and their mesovaria were collected. Tissues were fixed in 4% formalin, embedded in paraffin, and sectioned into 5μm thick slices. The sections were stained with H&E and digitized by digital microscope. The area of brown fat and inflammatory infiltrations were quantified using Image J software. The blood cortisol levels were measured using ELISA. Data are expressed as the mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM). The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the two groups. All analyses were performed using Prism (GraphPad Software). A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result: Offspring born from stressed mothers exhibited significant physiological differences compared to the control group. Specifically, the body weight of offspring from stressed mothers was significantly lower than the control group (p=0.0002). Conversely, the cortisol level in offspring from stressed mothers was significantly higher (p=0.0446). Offspring born from stressed mothers showed a statistically significant increase in brown fat area compared to the control group (p=0.01). Additionally, offspring from stressed mothers had a significantly higher number of inflammatory infiltrates in their mesovarium compared to the control group (p<0.047). These results indicate the profound impact of maternal stress on offspring physiology, affecting body weight, stress hormone levels, metabolic characteristics, and inflammatory responses. Conclusion: Exposure to cold stress during pregnancy has significant repercussions on offspring physiology. Our findings demonstrate that cold stress exposure leads to increased blood cortisol levels, brown fat accumulation, and inflammatory cell infiltration in offspring. These results underscore the profound impact of maternal stress on offspring health and highlight the importance of mitigating environmental stressors during pregnancy to promote optimal offspring outcomes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brown%20fat" title="brown fat">brown fat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cold%20stress%20during%20pregnancy" title=" cold stress during pregnancy"> cold stress during pregnancy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inflammation" title=" inflammation"> inflammation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mesovarium" title=" mesovarium"> mesovarium</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185897/mesovarial-morphological-changes-in-offspring-exposed-to-maternal-cold-stress" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185897.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">45</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">79</span> Performance and Physiological Responses of Broiler Chickens to Diets Supplemented with Propolis in Breeding, to in Ovo Propolis Feeding or to Propolis Supplementation of Diets for Their Chicks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kalbiye%20Konanc">Kalbiye Konanc</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ergin%20Ozturk"> Ergin Ozturk</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To examine the effects of an ethanol liquid extract obtained from raw bee propolis (PE) on fattening performance and physiology such as vaccine-antibody relationship, microbial profile, immune status and some blood parameters of broiler chickens were used a total of 600 broiler (Ross 308) chicks, obtained from eggs of 288, 38-weeks-old broiler breeding. There were 6 groups: CC (Parent-Control and Offspring-Control, CP (Parent-Control and Offspring-propolis extract, Cip (Parent-Control and Offspring-in-ovo propolis extract), Cis (Parent-Control and Chickens-in-ovo saline), PeC (Parent-propolis extract and Offspring-Control), PeP (Parent-Propolis extract and Offspring-Propolis extract). Each group was consisted of 10 replications with 10 broiler offspring, and the experiment was lasted for 6 weeks with ethanol-extracted propolis concentration is 400 ppm/kg diet. While the highest feed consumptions at 0-21 days and 0-42 days were found in PeC, the best feed conversion ratio at 0-42 days was found in CP group. The live weight gains were found not to be different among the groups. The highest alanine aminotransferase activities were found in CC and CP and aspartate aminotransferase activities in PeP and PeC groups. The highest triglyceride and total antioxidant levels were found highest in CC and the highest total oxidant level in Cip group. IgA level in hatched eggs and IgM value after slaughtering were highest in Cip group. The best immune response was obtained for 21st day Newcastle Disease vaccine in CC and Cis groups and for 28th day Infectious Bursal Disease vaccine in CP group. The highest total aerobic microorganism and the lowest total fungi count were found in PeP group. In conclusion, it was determined that in-ovo propolis ethanol extract (Cip) increased the maternal antibody levels, that had not consistent effects on blood biochemical parameters except for triglyceride, that led to decrease in E. coli counts and that it can provide strong immune response against Infectious Bursal Disease. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bee%20propolis" title="bee propolis">bee propolis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in-ovo%20feeding" title=" in-ovo feeding"> in-ovo feeding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immune%20parameters" title=" immune parameters"> immune parameters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poultry" title=" poultry"> poultry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maternal%20antibody" title=" maternal antibody"> maternal antibody</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microorganisms" title=" microorganisms"> microorganisms</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51574/performance-and-physiological-responses-of-broiler-chickens-to-diets-supplemented-with-propolis-in-breeding-to-in-ovo-propolis-feeding-or-to-propolis-supplementation-of-diets-for-their-chicks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51574.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">289</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">78</span> Beyond the Effect on Children: Investigation on the Longitudinal Effect of Parental Perfectionism on Child Maltreatment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alice%20Schittek">Alice Schittek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isabelle%20Roskam"> Isabelle Roskam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moira%20Mikolajczak"> Moira Mikolajczak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Perfectionistic strivings (PS) and perfectionistic concerns (PC) are associated with an increase in parental burnout (PB), and PB causally increases violence towards the offspring. Objective: To our best knowledge, no study has ever investigated whether perfectionism (PS and PC) predicts violence towards the offspring and whether PB could explain this link. We hypothesized that an increase in PS and PC would lead to an increase in violence via an increase in PB. Method: 228 participants responded to an online survey, with three measurement occasions spaced two months apart. Results: Contrary to expectations, cross-lagged path models revealed that violence towards the offspring prospectively predicts an increase in PS and PC. Mediation models showed that PB is not a significant mediator. The results of all models did not change when controlling for social desirability. Conclusion: The present study shows that violence towards the offspring increases the risk of PS and PC in parents, which highlights the importance of understanding the effect of child maltreatment on the whole family system and not just on children. Results are discussed in light of the feeling of guilt experienced by parents. Considering the insignificant mediation effect, PB research should slowly shift towards more (quasi) causal designs, allowing to identify which significant correlations translate into causal effects. Implications: Clinicians should focus on preventing child maltreatment as well as treating parental perfectionism. Researchers should unravel the effects of child maltreatment on the family system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maltreatment" title="maltreatment">maltreatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parental%20burnout" title=" parental burnout"> parental burnout</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perfectionistic%20strivings" title=" perfectionistic strivings"> perfectionistic strivings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perfectionistic%20concerns" title=" perfectionistic concerns"> perfectionistic concerns</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perfectionism" title=" perfectionism"> perfectionism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=violence" title=" violence"> violence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168300/beyond-the-effect-on-children-investigation-on-the-longitudinal-effect-of-parental-perfectionism-on-child-maltreatment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168300.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">72</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">77</span> Family History of Obesity and Risk of Childhood Overweight and Obesity: A Meta-Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martina%20Kanciruk">Martina Kanciruk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jac%20J.%20W.%20Andrews"> Jac J. W. Andrews</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tyrone%20Donnon"> Tyrone Donnon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this study was to determine the significance of history of obesity for the development of childhood overweight and/or obesity. Accordingly, a systematic literature review of English-language studies published from 1980 to 2012 using the following data bases: MEDLINE, PsychINFO, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Dissertation Abstracts International was conducted. The following terms were used in the search: pregnancy, overweight, obesity, family history, parents, childhood, risk factors. Eleven studies of family history and obesity conducted in Europe, Asia, North America, and South America met the inclusion criteria. A meta-analysis of these studies indicated that family history of obesity is a significant risk factor of overweight and /or obesity in offspring; risk for offspring overweight and/or obesity associated with family history varies depending of the family members included in the analysis; and when family history of obesity is present, the offspring are at greater risk for developing obesity or overweight. In addition, the results from moderator analyses suggest that part of the heterogeneity discovered between the studies can be explained by the region of world that the study occurred in and the age of the child at the time of weight assessment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=childhood%20obesity" title="childhood obesity">childhood obesity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=overweight" title=" overweight"> overweight</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=family%20history" title=" family history"> family history</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20factors" title=" risk factors"> risk factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meta-analysis" title=" meta-analysis"> meta-analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4316/family-history-of-obesity-and-risk-of-childhood-overweight-and-obesity-a-meta-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4316.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">521</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">76</span> An Interpretive Phenomenological Approach to Children’s Experience of Infidelity in Iran: Consequences and Hurts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehravar%20Javid">Mehravar Javid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stacey%20Dershewitz"> Stacey Dershewitz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shohreh%20Hashemighoochani"> Shohreh Hashemighoochani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Artin%20Yousefi"> Artin Yousefi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the most common reasons for destroying relationships is infidelity. This study was conducted to understand children's experience of infidelity in Iran. In this qualitative research, the interpretive phenomenological approach and theoretical (purposive) sampling method were used, and the data was saturated by conducting semi-structured interviews with eight offspring of families affected by infidelity. All interviews were audio recorded and analyzed on paper after implementation. Acceptability and homogeneity of data were confirmed by different methods. Eight main themes were identified from the participants' statements: description of the family atmosphere, lack of security and distrust, emotional reactions, behavioral reactions, worry about the future, financial problems, mother's physical-psychological state, and mother's coping strategies and offspring's proposed solutions. The children's experiences showed that in addition to causing irreparable harm to the wife, infidelity affected the whole family and caused the children to suffer crucial consequences such as emotional, behavioral, educational, and economic consequences and mistrust. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consequences%20and%20hurt" title="consequences and hurt">consequences and hurt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infidelity" title=" infidelity"> infidelity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=offspring" title=" offspring"> offspring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phenomenology" title=" phenomenology"> phenomenology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=qualitative%20research" title=" qualitative research"> qualitative research</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177958/an-interpretive-phenomenological-approach-to-childrens-experience-of-infidelity-in-iran-consequences-and-hurts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177958.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">63</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">75</span> Monte Carlo Methods and Statistical Inference of Multitype Branching Processes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ana%20Staneva">Ana Staneva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vessela%20Stoimenova"> Vessela Stoimenova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A parametric estimation of the MBP with Power Series offspring distribution family is considered in this paper. The MLE for the parameters is obtained in the case when the observable data are incomplete and consist only with the generation sizes of the family tree of MBP. The parameter estimation is calculated by using the Monte Carlo EM algorithm. The estimation for the posterior distribution and for the offspring distribution parameters are calculated by using the Bayesian approach and the Gibbs sampler. The article proposes various examples with bivariate branching processes together with computational results, simulation and an implementation using R. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bayesian" title="Bayesian">Bayesian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=branching%20processes" title=" branching processes"> branching processes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EM%20algorithm" title=" EM algorithm"> EM algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gibbs%20sampler" title=" Gibbs sampler"> Gibbs sampler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monte%20Carlo%20methods" title=" Monte Carlo methods"> Monte Carlo methods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=statistical%20estimation" title=" statistical estimation"> statistical estimation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63592/monte-carlo-methods-and-statistical-inference-of-multitype-branching-processes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63592.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">421</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">74</span> The Next Generation’s Learning Ability, Memory, as Well as Cognitive Skills Is under the Influence of Paternal Physical Activity (An Intergenerational and Trans-Generational Effect): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parvin%20Goli">Parvin Goli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amirhosein%20Kefayat"> Amirhosein Kefayat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rezvan%20Goli"> Rezvan Goli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: It is well established that parents can influence their offspring's neurodevelopment. It is shown that paternal environment and lifestyle is beneficial for the progeny's fitness and might affect their metabolic mechanisms; however, the effects of paternal exercise on the brain in the offspring have not been explored in detail. Objective: This study aims to review the impact of paternal physical exercise on memory and learning, neuroplasticity, as well as DNA methylation levels in the off-spring's hippocampus. Study design: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, an electronic literature search was conducted in databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Eligible studies were those with an experimental design, including an exercise intervention arm, with the assessment of any type of memory function, learning ability, or any type of brain plasticity as the outcome measures. Standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed as effect size. Results: The systematic review revealed the important role of environmental enrichment in the behavioral development of the next generation. Also, offspring of exercised fathers displayed higher levels of memory ability and lower level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. A significant effect of paternal exercise on the hippocampal volume was also reported in the few available studies. Conclusion: These results suggest an intergenerational effect of paternal physical activity on cognitive benefit, which may be associated with hippocampal epigenetic programming in offspring. However, the biological mechanisms of this modulation remain to be determined. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hippocampal%20plasticity" title="hippocampal plasticity">hippocampal plasticity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning%20ability" title=" learning ability"> learning ability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=memory" title=" memory"> memory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parental%20exercise" title=" parental exercise"> parental exercise</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142790/the-next-generations-learning-ability-memory-as-well-as-cognitive-skills-is-under-the-influence-of-paternal-physical-activity-an-intergenerational-and-trans-generational-effect-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142790.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">209</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">73</span> Life Table and Functional Response of Scolothrips takahashii (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on Tetranychus urticae (Acari:Tetranychidae)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kuang-Chi%20Pan">Kuang-Chi Pan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shu-Jen%20Tuan"> Shu-Jen Tuan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Scolothrips takahashii Priesner (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is a common predatory thrips which feeds on spider mites; it is considered an important natural enemy and a potential biological control agent against spider mites. In order to evaluate the efficacy of S. takahashii against tetranychid mites, life table and functional response study were conducted at 25±1°C, with Tetranychus urticae Priesner as prey. The intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), net reproduction rate (R₀), mean generation time (T) were 0.1674 d⁻¹, 1.1822d⁻¹, 62.26 offspring/individual, and 24.68d. The net consumption rate (C₀) was 846.15, mean daily consumption rate was 51.92 eggs for females and 19.28 eggs for males. S. takahashii exhibited type III functional response when offered T. urticae deutonymphs. Based on the random predator equation, the estimated maximum attack rate (a) and handling time (Th) were 0.1376h⁻¹ and 0.7883h. In addition, a life table experiment was conducted to evaluate the offspring sex allocation and population dynamic of Tetranychus ludeni Zacher under group-rearing conditions with different sex ratios. All bisexual groups produced offspring with similar sex allocation patterns, which started with the majority of females, then transited during the middle of the oviposition period and turned male-biased at the end of the oviposition period. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Scolothrips%20takahashii" title="Scolothrips takahashii">Scolothrips takahashii</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tetranychus%20urticae" title=" Tetranychus urticae"> Tetranychus urticae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tetranychus%20ludeni" title=" Tetranychus ludeni"> Tetranychus ludeni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two-sex%20life%20table" title=" two-sex life table"> two-sex life table</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functional%20response" title=" functional response"> functional response</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sex%20allocation" title=" sex allocation"> sex allocation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171606/life-table-and-functional-response-of-scolothrips-takahashii-thysanoptera-thripidae-on-tetranychus-urticae-acaritetranychidae" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171606.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">90</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">72</span> The Impact of Maternal Micronutrient Levels on Risk of Offspring Neural Tube Defects in Egypt</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eman%20M.%20El-Sayed">Eman M. El-Sayed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sahar%20A.%20Abdelaziz"> Sahar A. Abdelaziz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maha%20%20M.%20Saber%20Abd%20El%20Latif"> Maha M. Saber Abd El Latif</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Neural tube defects (NTD) are important causes of infant mortality. Poor nutrition was essential factor for central nervous system deformation. Mothers gave NTD offspring had abnormal serum levels of micronutrients. The present research was designed to study the effect of maternal micronutrient levels and oxidative stress on the incidence of NTD in offspring. The study included forty mothers; twenty of them of 30.9+7.28 years had conceived fetuses with NTD were considered as cases; and twenty mothers of 28.2 + 7.82 years with healthy neonates. We determined serum vitamin B12 and folic acid by using radioimmunoassays. Also, serum zinc was assessed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. While serum copper and iron were measured colorimetrically and serum ceruloplasmin was analyzed by radialimmunodiffusion. Cases showed significantly lower levels of folic acid, vitamin B12 and zinc (P< 0.0005, 0.01, 0.01 respectively) than that of the control. Concentrations of copper, ceruloplasmin, and iron were markedly increased in cases as compared to controls (P < 0.01, 0.01, and 0.05 respectively). In conclusion, the current study clearly indicated the etiology of NTD cannot be explained with one strict etiologic mechanism, on the contrary, an interaction among maternal nutritional factors and oxidative stress would explain these anomalies. Vitamin B12, folic acid, and zinc supplementations should be considered for further decrease in the occurrence of NTD. Preventing excess iron during pregnancy favors better pregnancy outcomes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ceruloplasmin" title="ceruloplasmin">ceruloplasmin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=copper" title=" copper"> copper</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=folic%20acid" title=" folic acid"> folic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iron" title=" iron"> iron</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neural%20tube%20defects" title=" neural tube defects"> neural tube defects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxidative%20stress" title=" oxidative stress"> oxidative stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vitamin%20b12" title=" vitamin b12"> vitamin b12</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zinc" title=" zinc"> zinc</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77879/the-impact-of-maternal-micronutrient-levels-on-risk-of-offspring-neural-tube-defects-in-egypt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77879.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">221</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">71</span> Role of Maternal Astaxanthin Supplementation on Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Spatial Learning Behavior in Wistar Rat Offspring’s</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20M.%20Damodara%20Gowda">K. M. Damodara Gowda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Maternal health and nutrition are considered as the predominant factors influencing brain functional development. If the mother is free of illness and genetic defects, maternal nutrition would be one of the most critical factors affecting the brain development. Calorie restrictions cause significant impairment in spatial learning ability and the levels of Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) in rats. But, the mechanism by which the prenatal under-nutrition leads to impairment in brain learning and memory function is still unclear. In the present study, prenatal Astaxanthin supplementation on BDNF level, spatial learning and memory performance in the offspring’s of normal, calorie restricted and Astaxanthin supplemented rats was investigated. Methodology: The rats were administered with 6mg and 12 mg of astaxanthin /kg bw for 21 days following which acquisition and retention of spatial memory was tested in a partially-baited eight arm radial maze. The BDNF level in different regions of the brain (cerebral cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum) was estimated by ELISA method. Results: Calorie restricted animals treated with astaxanthin made significantly more correct choices (P < 0.05), and fewer reference memory errors (P < 0.05) on the tenth day of training compared to offsprings of calorie restricted animals. Calorie restricted animals treated with astaxanthin also made significantly higher correct choices (P < 0.001) than untreated calorie restricted animals in a retention test 10 days after the training period. The mean BDNF level in cerebral cortex, Hippocampus and cerebellum in Calorie restricted animals treated with astaxanthin didnot show significant variation from that of control animals. Conclusion: Findings of the study indicated that memory and learning was impaired in the offspring’s of calorie restricted rats which was effectively modulated by astaxanthin at the dosage of 12 mg/kg body weight. In the same way the BDNF level at cerebral cortex, Hippocampus and Cerebellum was also declined in the offspring’s of calorie restricted animals, which was also found to be effectively normalized by astaxanthin. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calorie%20restiction" title="calorie restiction">calorie restiction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning" title=" learning"> learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Memory" title=" Memory"> Memory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cerebral%20cortex" title=" Cerebral cortex"> Cerebral cortex</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hippocampus" title=" Hippocampus"> Hippocampus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cerebellum" title=" Cerebellum"> Cerebellum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BDNF" title=" BDNF"> BDNF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Astaxanthin" title=" Astaxanthin"> Astaxanthin</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65676/role-of-maternal-astaxanthin-supplementation-on-brain-derived-neurotrophic-factor-and-spatial-learning-behavior-in-wistar-rat-offsprings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65676.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">232</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">70</span> Enhancement of Genetic Diversity through Cross Breeding of Two Catfish (Heteropneustes fossilis and Clarias batrachus) in Bangladesh</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20F.%20Miah">M. F. Miah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Chakrabarty"> A. Chakrabarty</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Two popular and highly valued fish, Stinging catfish (Heteropneustes fossilis) and Asian catfish (Clarias batrachus) are considered for observing genetic enhancement. Cross breeding was performed considering wild and farmed fish through inducing agent. Five RAPD markers were used to assess genetic diversity among parents and offspring of these two catfish for evaluating genetic enhancement in F1 generation. Considering different genetic data such as banding pattern of DNA, polymorphic loci, polymorphic information content (PIC), inter individual pair wise similarity, Nei genetic similarity, genetic distance, phylogenetic relationships, allele frequency, genotype frequency, intra locus gene diversity and average gene diversity of parents and offspring of these two fish were analyzed and finally in both cases higher genetic diversity was found in F1 generation than the parents. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Heteropneustes%20fossilis" title="Heteropneustes fossilis">Heteropneustes fossilis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Clarias%20batrachus" title=" Clarias batrachus"> Clarias batrachus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross%20breeding" title=" cross breeding"> cross breeding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetic%20enhancement" title=" genetic enhancement"> genetic enhancement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82616/enhancement-of-genetic-diversity-through-cross-breeding-of-two-catfish-heteropneustes-fossilis-and-clarias-batrachus-in-bangladesh" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82616.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">252</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">69</span> Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Fermented Feed Mulberry(Morus alba L.) on Reproductive Performance and Fecal M Icro Biota of Pregnant Sows</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuping%20Zhang">Yuping Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Teng%20Ma"> Teng Ma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nadia%20Everaert"> Nadia Everaert</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hongfu%20Zhang"> Hongfu Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Supplying dietary fiber during gestation is known to improve the welfare of feed-restricted sows. However, whether high fiber supplementation during pregnancy can improve the performance of sows and their offspring depends on the type, amount, source, etc., in which the solubility plays a key important role. Insoluble fibers have been shown to increase feed intake of sows in lactation, meet the needs of sows for milk production, reduce sow’s weight and backfat loss, and thus improve the performance of sows and their offspring. In this study, we investigated the effect of the addition of fermented feed mulberry (FFM), rich in insoluble fiber, during the whole gestation on the performance of sows and their offspring and explored possible mechanisms by determining serum hormones and fecal microbiota. The FFM-diet contained 25.5% FFM (on dry matter basis) and was compared with the control–diet (CON, corn, and soybean meal diet). The insoluble fiber content of the FFM and CON diet are respectively 29.3% and 19.1%. both groups were allocated 20 multiparous sows, and they are fed different feed allowance to make sure all the sows get the same digestible energy for each day. After farrowing, all sows were fed the same lactation diet ad libitum. The serum estradiol, progesterone concentration, blood glucose, and insulin levels at gestation day 0, 20, and 60 were tested. And also, the composition and differences fecal microbiota at day 60 of gestation were analyzed. Fecal consistency was determined with Bristol stool scale method, those with a score below 3 were counted as constipation The results showed that there was no impact of the FFM treatment on sows’ backfat, bodyweight changes, blood glucose, serum estradiol, and progesterone concentration, litter size, and performance of the offspring(p > 0.05), Except significant decrease in the concentration of insulin in sows’ serum at 60 days of gestation were observed in the FFM group compare to the CON group (P < 0.01). FFM diet also significantly increased feed intake on the first, third, and 21st days of sow lactation. (p < 0.01); The α- and β- diversity and abundance of the microbiota were significant increased (p < 0.01) compared with the CON group, The abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were significantly increased, meanwhile the abundances of Spirochetes, Proteobacteria, and Euryarchaeota, were significantly reduced in the feces of the FFM group. We also analyzed the fecal microbiota of constipated sows vs non-constipated sows and found that the diversity and abundance did also differ between these two groups. FFM and CON group < 0.01). The relationship between sow’s constipation and microbiota merits further investigation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fermented%20feed%20mulberry" title="fermented feed mulberry">fermented feed mulberry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reproductive%20performance" title=" reproductive performance"> reproductive performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fecal%20flora" title=" fecal flora"> fecal flora</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sow" title=" sow"> sow</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123693/effects-of-dietary-supplementation-with-fermented-feed-mulberrymorus-alba-l-on-reproductive-performance-and-fecal-m-icro-biota-of-pregnant-sows" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123693.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">153</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">68</span> Microglia Activation in Animal Model of Schizophrenia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Esshili%20Awatef">Esshili Awatef</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manitz%20Marie-Pierre"> Manitz Marie-Pierre</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E%C3%9Flinger%20Manuela"> Eßlinger Manuela</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gerhardt%20Alexandra"> Gerhardt Alexandra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pl%C3%BCmper%20Jennifer"> Plümper Jennifer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wachholz%20Simone"> Wachholz Simone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Friebe%20Astrid"> Friebe Astrid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juckel%20Georg"> Juckel Georg</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Maternal immune activation (MIA) resulting from maternal viral infection during pregnancy is a known risk factor for schizophrenia. The neural mechanisms by which maternal infections increase the risk for schizophrenia remain unknown, although the prevailing hypothesis argues that an activation of the maternal immune system induces changes in the maternal-fetal environment that might interact with fetal brain development. It may lead to an activation of fetal microglia inducing long-lasting functional changes of these cells. Based on post-mortem analysis showing an increased number of activated microglial cells in patients with schizophrenia, it can be hypothesized that these cells contribute to disease pathogenesis and may actively be involved in gray matter loss observed in such patients. In the present study, we hypothesize that prenatal treatment with the inflammatory agent Poly(I:C) during embryogenesis at contributes to microglial activation in the offspring, which may, therefore, represent a contributing factor to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and underlines the need for new pharmacological treatment options. Pregnant rats were treated with intraperitoneal injections a single dose of Poly(I:C) or saline on gestation day 17. Brains of control and Poly(I:C) offspring, were removed and into 20-μm-thick coronal sections were cut by using a Cryostat. Brain slices were fixed and immunostained with ba1 antibody. Subsequently, Iba1-immunoreactivity was detected using a secondary antibody, goat anti-rabbit. The sections were viewed and photographed under microscope. The immunohistochemical analysis revealed increases in microglia cell number in the prefrontal cortex, in offspring of poly(I:C) treated-rats as compared to the controls injected with NaCl. However, no significant differences were observed in microglia activation in the cerebellum among the groups. Prenatal immune challenge with Poly(I:C) was able to induce long-lasting changes in the offspring brains. This lead to a higher activation of microglia cells in the prefrontal cortex, a brain region critical for many higher brain functions, including working memory and cognitive flexibility. which might be implicated in possible changes in cortical neuropil architecture in schizophrenia. Further studies will be needed to clarify the association between microglial cells activation and schizophrenia-related behavioral alterations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Microglia" title="Microglia">Microglia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neuroinflammation" title=" neuroinflammation"> neuroinflammation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PolyI%3AC" title=" PolyI:C"> PolyI:C</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=schizophrenia" title=" schizophrenia"> schizophrenia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48614/microglia-activation-in-animal-model-of-schizophrenia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48614.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">416</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">67</span> Comparative Demography of Lady Beetle, Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) with Respect to Different Aphid Species</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Farooq">Muhammad Farooq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20R.%20Shahid"> Muhammad R. Shahid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Shakeel"> M. Shakeel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Iftikhar"> A. Iftikhar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Sagheer"> M. Sagheer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Riaz%20A.%20Kainth"> Riaz A. Kainth</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Comparative demography of Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) was studied with respect to four host aphid species viz; Rhopalosiphum padi, Rhopalosiphum maidis, Sitobion avenae, and Shizaphis graminum under laboratory conditions using Two-sex Age-stage life table instead of traditional age specific life table which considers only female. Results revealed that developmental period from egg to adult of C. septempunctata were shorter on R. padi (16.49 days) whereas longer on R. maidis (22.83 days). Net reproductive rate varied from 110.01 offspring on R. maidis to 288.78 offspring on R. padi. Mean generation time (T) ranged from 29.02 d on R. padi to 39.788 d on R. maidis. Highest to lowest values of intrinsic rate of increase (rm) were recorded on R. padi, S. graminum, S. avenae, and R. maidis (0.194, 0.143, 0.140 and 0.117 d⁻¹, respectively). Highest finite rate of increase was observed on R. padi (1.214 d⁻¹) followed by S. graminum (1.154 d⁻¹) whereas lowest values were obtained on R. maidis and S. avenae (1.124 and 1.150 d⁻¹, respectively). In this study, the data on the life table of both predator and prey provide useful information in the mass rearing and practical application of a natural agent to biological control systems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20septempunctata" title="C. septempunctata">C. septempunctata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two-sex%20age-stage%20life%20table" title=" two-sex age-stage life table"> two-sex age-stage life table</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=population%20parameters" title=" population parameters"> population parameters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aphid%20species" title=" aphid species"> aphid species</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79492/comparative-demography-of-lady-beetle-coccinella-septempunctata-linnaeus-coleoptera-coccinellidae-with-respect-to-different-aphid-species" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79492.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">198</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">66</span> Mutagenesis, Oxidative Stress Induction and Blood Cytokine Profile in First Generation Male Rats Whose Parents Were Exposed to Radiation and Hexavalent Chromium</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yerbolat%20Iztleuov">Yerbolat Iztleuov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Stochastic effects, which are currently largely associated with exposure to ionizing radiation or a combination of ionizing radiation with other chemical, physical, and biological agents, are expressed in the form of various mutations. In the first stage of the study, rats of both sexes were divided into 3 groups. 1st - control group, animals of the 2nd group were exposed to gamma radiation at a dose of 0.2 Gy. The third group received hexavalent chromium in a dose of 180 mg/ l with drinking water for a month before irradiation and a day after the end of chromium consumption and was subjected to total gamma irradiation at a dose of 0.2 Gy. The second stage of the experiment. After 3 days, the males were mated with the females. The obtained offspring were studied for peroxidation, cytokine profile and micronucleus in the nuclei. This study shows that 5-month-old offspring whose parents were exposed to combined exposure to chromium and γ-irradiation exhibit hereditary instability of the genome, decreased activity of antioxidant enzymes and sulfhydryl blood groups, and increased levels of lipid peroxidation. There is also an increase in the level of inflammatory markers (IL-6 and TNF) in the blood plasma against the background of a decrease in anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10). Thus, the combined effect of hexavalent chromium and ionizing radiation can lead to the development of an oncological process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hexavalent%20chromium" title="hexavalent chromium">hexavalent chromium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ionizing%20radiation" title=" ionizing radiation"> ionizing radiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=first%20generation" title=" first generation"> first generation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxidative%20stress" title=" oxidative stress"> oxidative stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cytokines" title=" cytokines"> cytokines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mutagenesis" title=" mutagenesis"> mutagenesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cancer" title=" cancer"> cancer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190168/mutagenesis-oxidative-stress-induction-and-blood-cytokine-profile-in-first-generation-male-rats-whose-parents-were-exposed-to-radiation-and-hexavalent-chromium" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190168.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">25</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">65</span> Effects of Lipoic Acid Supplementation on Activities of Cyclooxygenases and Levels of Prostaglandins E2 and F2 Alpha Metabolites in the Offspring of Rats with Streptozocin-Induced Diabetes </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Y.%20Al-Matubsi">H. Y. Al-Matubsi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20A.%20Oriquat"> G. A. Oriquat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Abu-Samak"> M. Abu-Samak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20A.%20Al%20Hanbali"> O. A. Al Hanbali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Salim"> M. Salim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (DM) is an etiological factor for recurrent pregnancy loss and major congenital malformations in the offspring. Antioxidant therapy has been advocated to overcome the oxidant-antioxidant disequilibrium inherent in diabetes. The aims of this study were to evaluate the protective effect of lipoic acid (LA) on fetal outcome and to elucidate changes that may be involved in the mechanism(s) implicit diabetic fetopathy. Methods: Female rats were rendered hyperglycemic using streptozocin and then mated with normal male rat. Pregnant non-diabetic (group1; n=9; and group2; n=7) or pregnant diabetic (group 3; n=10; and group 4; n=8) rats were treated daily with either lipoic acid (LA) (30 mg/kg body weight; groups 2 and 4) or vehicle (groups 1 and 3) between gestational days 0 and 15. On day 15 of gestation, the rats were sacrificed, and the fetuses, placentas and membranes dissected out of the uterine horns. Following morphological examination, the fetuses, placentas and membranes were homogenized, and used to measure cyclooxygenases (COX) activities and metabolisms of prostaglandin (PG) E2 (PGEM) and PGF2 (PGFM) levels. Maternal liver and plasma total glutathione levels were also determined. Results: Supplementation of diabetic rats with LA was found to significantly (P<0.05) reduce resorption rates in diabetic rats and increased mean fetal weight compared to diabetic group. Treatment of diabetic rats with LA leads to a significant (P<0.05) increase in liver and plasma total glutathione, in comparison with diabetic rats. Decreased levels of PGEM and elevated levels of PGFM in the fetuses, placentas and membranes were characteristic of experimental diabetic gestation associated with malformation. LA treatment to diabetic mothers failed to normalize levels of PGEM to the non-diabetic control rats. However, the levels of PGEM in malformed fetuses from LA-treated diabetic mothers was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than those in malformed fetuses from diabetic rats. Conclusions: We conclude that LA can reduce congenital malformations in the offspring of diabetic rats at day 15 of gestation. However, LA treatment did not completely prevent the occurrence of malformations, other factors, such as arachidonic acid deficiency and altered prostaglandin metabolismmay be involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes-induced congenital malformations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diabetes" title="diabetes">diabetes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lipoic%20acid" title=" lipoic acid"> lipoic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pregnancy" title=" pregnancy"> pregnancy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prostaglandins" title=" prostaglandins"> prostaglandins</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40661/effects-of-lipoic-acid-supplementation-on-activities-of-cyclooxygenases-and-levels-of-prostaglandins-e2-and-f2-alpha-metabolites-in-the-offspring-of-rats-with-streptozocin-induced-diabetes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40661.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">262</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">64</span> Effects of the Supplementation of Potassium Humate at Different Levels to the Dairy Cows' Concentrated Mix during Dry Period on Early Lactation Yield Parameters and Dam/Calf Immunity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cangir%20Uyarlar">Cangir Uyarlar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Eren%20Gultepe"> E. Eren Gultepe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Sadi%20Cetingul"> I. Sadi Cetingul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ismail%20Bayram"> Ismail Bayram</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study was conducted to investigate the effect of humic acid (Potassium Humate) at different levels on rations on the effects of both maternal and offspring health, metabolic parameters and immunity levels in transition dairy cows. For this purpose, 50 Holstein dairy cows divided 5 trial groups. Experimental groups were designed as follows: A) Control (0% Humas); B) 0.5 Humas (0,5% in concentrated diet); C) 1 Humas (1% in concentrated diet), D) 1,5 Humas (1,5% in concentrated diet), E) 2 Humas (2% in concentrated diet), respectively. The study lasted from the first day of the dry period to postpartum 30th day. Diets were prepared as isocaloric and isonitrogenic. In the experiment, the day on which the animals gave birth was accepted as ‘0 (zero)’ and blood was taken from tail vein (v. coccygea) at -60, -53, -46, -39, -32, -25, -18, -11, -4, 0, ; Colostrum samples were taken on days 0, 1 and 2; Blood samples were taken on days 0, 1, 2, 15 and 30 from the juguler vein (v. jugularis) of the new born calves. Total blood leukocyte, Lymphocyte, Monocyte, granulocytes, Hemoglobin, Hematocrit, MCV, MCH, MWC, RDW, PLT, MPV, PDW, PCT, NEFA, BHBA, Glucose, Total Cholesterol , Triglyceride, LDL, HDL, VLDL, ALT, AST, ALP, GGT and Total IgG levels and colostrum IgG levels were determined in this experiment. The results suggest that although the supplementation of humic acid at 2% level adversely affected to production parameters, the addition of humic acid (potassium humate) to the concentrate mix during the dry period (particularly 0.5 and 1% levels) may provide an increasing on mother and the offspring immunity, some improving on serum metabolism parameters and enhancing the milk production. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=humic%20acid" title="humic acid">humic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dairy%20cow" title=" dairy cow"> dairy cow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calf" title=" calf"> calf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immunity" title=" immunity"> immunity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79053/effects-of-the-supplementation-of-potassium-humate-at-different-levels-to-the-dairy-cows-concentrated-mix-during-dry-period-on-early-lactation-yield-parameters-and-damcalf-immunity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79053.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">207</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">63</span> Changes in Behavior and Learning Ability of Rats Intoxicated with Lead</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Goma%20Amira">A. Goma Amira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=U.%20E.%20Mahrous"> U. E. Mahrous</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Measuring the effect of perinatal lead exposure on learning ability of offspring is considered as a sensitive and selective index for providing an early marker for central nervous system damage produced by this toxic metal. A total of 35 Sprague-Dawley adult rats were used to investigate the effect of lead acetate toxicity on behavioral patterns of adult female rats and learning ability of offspring. Rats were allotted into 4 groups, group one received 1g/l lead acetate (n=10), group two received 1.5g/l lead acetate (n=10), group three received 2g/l lead acetate in drinking water (n=10), and control group did not receive lead acetate (n=5) from 8th day of pregnancy till weaning of pups. The obtained results revealed a dose-dependent increase in the feeding time, drinking frequency, licking frequency, scratching frequency, licking litters, nest building, and retrieving frequencies, while standing time increased significantly in rats treated with 1.5g/l lead acetate than other treated groups and control. On the contrary, lying time decreased gradually in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, movement activities were higher in rats treated with 1g/l lead acetate than other treated groups and control. Furthermore, time spent in closed arms was significantly lower in rats given 2g/l lead acetate than other treated groups, while they spent significantly much time spent in open arms than other treated groups which could be attributed to occurrence of adaptation. Furthermore, number of entries in open arms was-dose dependent. However, the ratio between open/closed arms revealed a significant decrease in rats treated with 2g/l lead acetate than the control group. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lead%20toxicity" title="lead toxicity">lead toxicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rats" title=" rats"> rats</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning%20ability" title=" learning ability"> learning ability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=behavior" title=" behavior"> behavior</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2775/changes-in-behavior-and-learning-ability-of-rats-intoxicated-with-lead" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2775.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">379</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">62</span> Killing Your Children to Hurt Your Partner: Motivations for Revenge Filicide</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Melanie%20Moen">Melanie Moen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christiaan%20Bezuidenhout"> Christiaan Bezuidenhout</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cases of parents murdering their offspring are incomprehensible but sadly as old as humanity itself. The act of killing your own child is known as filicide. Revenge filicide is an act where one parent kills their own offspring for retribution for hurting and upsetting the other parent. The true extent of filicide in South Africa is unknown, but in the United States, filicide constitutes more or less 2.5% of all murders. The focus of this contribution is to extend the knowledge of revenge filicide. Data was collected through court documents and newspaper articles. Newspapers that cover murder cases are between 75% to 100% accurate compared to official sources. Often family-related murders are violent in nature, and for this reason, these crimes receive extensive media coverage. The cases of twenty revenge filicide murderers (14 male and 6 female) were qualitatively analyzed to determine the motivations and offense characteristics of revenge filicide offenders. Findings related to a loss of social identity due to rejection; extreme rage-type anger; external locus of control; sadism; a desire to cause pain, and a need to inflict harm. The initial emotional response may escalate from mild anger to a level of narcissistic rage which eventually culminates in the murdering of the child to punish and hurt the other parent and to restore control. To our knowledge, our study is the first to systematically examine the motivations related to revenge filicides from a South African perspective. Filicide is a complex phenomenon with diverse possibilities and reasons why it occurs. However, it was apparent in this study that the motivations for revenge filicides were often linked to complex personal and interpersonal relationship problems. Further research within this field is imperative. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=revenge%20filicide" title="revenge filicide">revenge filicide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=child%20murder" title=" child murder"> child murder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rage" title=" rage"> rage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anger" title=" anger"> anger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=narcissistic%20rage" title=" narcissistic rage"> narcissistic rage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parent%20kills%20child" title=" parent kills child"> parent kills child</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159413/killing-your-children-to-hurt-your-partner-motivations-for-revenge-filicide" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159413.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">79</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">61</span> Correlation between Body Mass Dynamics and Weaning in Eurasian Lynx (Lynx lynx L, 1758)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20S.%20Fetisova">A. S. Fetisova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20N.%20Erofeeva"> M. N. Erofeeva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20S.%20Alekseeva"> G. S. Alekseeva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20A.%20Volobueva"> K. A. Volobueva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20D.%20Kim"> M. D. Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20V.%20Naidenko"> S. V. Naidenko</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Weaning is characterized by the transition from milk to solid food. In some species, such changes in diet are fast and gradual in others. The reasons for the weaning start are understandable. Changes in milk composition and decrease in maternity behavior push cubs to search for additional sources of nutrients. In nature, females have many opportunities to wean offspring in case of a lack of resources. In contrast, in controlled conditions the possibility of delayed weaning exists. The delay of weaning can lead to overspending of maternal resources. In addition, the main causes of weaning end are not so obvious. Near the weaning end behavior of offspring depends on many factors: intensity of maternal behavior, reduction of milk abundance, brood size, physiological status, and body mass. During the pre-weaning period dynamic of body mass is strongly connected with milk intake. Based on that fact could body mass be one of the signals for end of milk feeding? It is known that some animals usually wean their offspring when juveniles achieved body mass in some proportion to the adult weight. In turn, we put forward the hypothesis that decrease in growth rates causes the delay of weaning in Eurasian lynxes (Lynx lynx). To explore the hypothesis, we compared the dynamic of body mass with duration of milk suckling. Firstly, to get information about duration of suckling we visually observed 8 lynx broods from 30 to 120 days postpartum. During each 4-hour observation we registered the start and the end of suckling acts and then calculate the total duration of this behavior. To get the dynamic of body mass kittens were weighed once a week. Duration of suckling varied from 3076,19 ± 1408,60 to 422,54 ± 285,38 seconds when body mass gain changed from 247,35 ± 26,49 to 289,41 ± 122,35 grams. Results of Kendall Tau correlation test (N= 96; p< 0,05) showed a negative correlation (τ= -0,36) between duration of suckling and body mass of lynx kittens. In general duration of suckling increases in response to decrease in body mass gain with slight delay. In early weaning from 30 to 58 days duration of suckling decreases gradually as does the body mass gain. During the weaning period the negative correlation between suckling time and body mass becomes tighter. Although throughout the weaning consumption of solid food begins to prevail over the milk intake, the correlation persists until the end of weaning (90-105 days) and after it. In that way weaning in Eurasian lynxes is not a part of ontogenesis controlled only by maternal behavior. It seems to be a flexible process influenced by various factors including changes in growth rates. It is necessary to continue investigations to determine the critical value of body mass which marks the safe moment to stop milk feeding. Understanding such details of ontogenesis is very important to organize procedures aimed at the reproduction of mammals ex situ and the conservation of endangered species. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=body%20mass" title="body mass">body mass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lynx" title=" lynx"> lynx</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=milk%20feeding" title=" milk feeding"> milk feeding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weaning" title=" weaning"> weaning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192071/correlation-between-body-mass-dynamics-and-weaning-in-eurasian-lynx-lynx-lynx-l-1758" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192071.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">18</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">60</span> DNA Methylation Score Development for In utero Exposure to Paternal Smoking Using a Supervised Machine Learning Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cristy%20Stagnar">Cristy Stagnar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nina%20Hubig"> Nina Hubig</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diana%20Ivankovic"> Diana Ivankovic</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The epigenome is a compelling candidate for mediating long-term responses to environmental effects modifying disease risk. The main goal of this research is to develop a machine learning-based DNA methylation score, which will be valuable in delineating the unique contribution of paternal epigenetic modifications to the germline impacting childhood health outcomes. It will also be a useful tool in validating self-reports of nonsmoking and in adjusting epigenome-wide DNA methylation association studies for this early-life exposure. Using secondary data from two population-based methylation profiling studies, our DNA methylation score is based on CpG DNA methylation measurements from cord blood gathered from children whose fathers smoked pre- and peri-conceptually. Each child’s mother and father fell into one of three class labels in the accompanying questionnaires -never smoker, former smoker, or current smoker. By applying different machine learning algorithms to the accessible resource for integrated epigenomic studies (ARIES) sub-study of the Avon longitudinal study of parents and children (ALSPAC) data set, which we used for training and testing of our model, the best-performing algorithm for classifying the father smoker and mother never smoker was selected based on Cohen’s κ. Error in the model was identified and optimized. The final DNA methylation score was further tested and validated in an independent data set. This resulted in a linear combination of methylation values of selected probes via a logistic link function that accurately classified each group and contributed the most towards classification. The result is a unique, robust DNA methylation score which combines information on DNA methylation and early life exposure of offspring to paternal smoking during pregnancy and which may be used to examine the paternal contribution to offspring health outcomes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epigenome" title="epigenome">epigenome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20outcomes" title=" health outcomes"> health outcomes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paternal%20preconception%20environmental%20exposures" title=" paternal preconception environmental exposures"> paternal preconception environmental exposures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supervised%20machine%20learning" title=" supervised machine learning"> supervised machine learning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139782/dna-methylation-score-development-for-in-utero-exposure-to-paternal-smoking-using-a-supervised-machine-learning-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139782.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">185</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=offspring&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=offspring&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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