CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '913582742d1640f4',cH: 'nRV6JtKF4TlRtUh7cVAFTONPbPxvDo9PwVhF1cpR9pk-1739792499-1.2.1.1-sJyDB0G8kxP2KzGUoJBwCtdbZHCGys_MJPbYVUhwVVdXrq50Ec_.W5HJfTsDkC8J',cUPMDTk: "\/10013023\/json?__cf_chl_tk=Xghs7fu1iuGszISreeppjzYvXxRziU6q_6pN_8gdzww-1739792499-1.0.1.1-8tTfTKpL1HyfMsPtepARngzL7SkEr6lH0Kp.86iRpeg",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739792499',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/10013023\/json?__cf_chl_f_tk=Xghs7fu1iuGszISreeppjzYvXxRziU6q_6pN_8gdzww-1739792499-1.0.1.1-8tTfTKpL1HyfMsPtepARngzL7SkEr6lH0Kp.86iRpeg",md: "rBOOBot1BrnxhRJUNG4Wq3JGgExjTk3hHH3.Rf4Pet4-1739792499-1.2.1.1-ulA3cllEHWH7x5xBakMw_PoKl.7XZ5HL9Af7DlVSSN0560xmQQI6.pnofZ1u1e4NmGGoaPy_f0fuztxL9txWKi5PlOiFBFwX1TKM3dlY8PQbSkB.NeVDUDge5tbb9N2sFCVzwYExbHFDTtQ3gwd9MjqM7RpVv_nRdZHaKFfVN7IDyPk57C1bMJUujxUjnLjU.7c9KFkm3yxulUFxqHVuCB4L_TY0DWSPlFqa0txXxK6_l8jwo_g8C85H4Ip5.ItJmP9b6XOWBiLOR4IciNhjvOSoEGztX2KuqKdR3P9rm7vePr_f3arw3qUSEp7nbRHREr4bvIWRZinVC1uji_p50Mh1WKp4U4LPSQ4T4bciAtRDvBJw.Nv4MaLanwU1VkmfSOJVTn3NFHZ7MSDKB89SK_hzKwAUrraMToq8wx_Od8iXqqdxg28fqICU.c8IlpvzmBXc_44vmTa2xOYVS0pRbHUHMjnzDTQ8GWbvyb.cRuAObaKHI0.xhM5.9lEVEvskGzdgs_FFlwjzYf0rIRVA0rxqGed4m4G0r_W9qTmkJ4L2QVV91m1y40zUVek_GxANRxZUfx2CtpE4hUoIOOXSlbxXt2Xb..j9OG_WBQVmkUPw5RXwpw5U8e208TMaF3fvqzYBRVZRQQAEit8Rc56TK45t_p4D85i_3BUgWuJvmtkGBJ9tZxrWQ0ECSik1E1gtR6nozFOdKbmeo8CPEdqjBoc7gSUbqGPY4cI.hwRtEKtHBmn8_hxgeIXo4Pu6Lz7k9Dr0kIwEQRaBHRRHSzQ9SqKfJLS4ovSIxUuQ80qh8UTQWhexV.VELxT8_Ko4tkyeZa0KrD1IOVqX9LQ_C955DDRe93gC8ePes4P0QXXKNqhUk9qmP02zNfionRup8lXNONKlwYntnRI8rTU7nUN302tPx0fhTcumumfwe0d9__xijiTojWMNulOBWufR7vf0_CIdcujH_CzIm0N4YNmYKuIdYgrV8rauTz17prDSw_UQlpQG8wIvqOlZL9C6q0LGtPYMU6UIyX86oAvPLn9QXSjStG3u10AIYWOMOPlGtOKbjA18kjU_sE4SWIitVnzsS0u43KiycIqos7teGKtvQVBTrbOSpJNXLhKpx1fzLeyWGo5RELwir.ypf100umQXcw_uhPlHNV8QR.C2e3_AqS9xNSRjVf3pcRMjxnIPJxnqS_Cc5rhofzAGxFcki3xXtFfAI2E0wyTO66Pyixe.d8Zni1JeRAot.._mZOSIcrzTARLnS9IL4Bu_QBNYxESFur77iMidxE2b5ebLTBztKg73mdcnmPR2a4rKOszzbfydIpLtxQVwAe93KYM_n4iUwwzSdKqi.OVWBnffz4xRkvbQLZLhtqKZ12YHRTcbH3aojioSg0WSXxFUnU5GE3Ge89TofoDjuLa9KzjraBZpkCK7L14w3w0G85rY7LGaXs6G01YjV5tJLrNJeK20Eyqc9uKXEX7WNstX6rwgIDjYH3aPwv3mxa.R4g9ozLUHbzU723ER1UEFNq5J9X1j0TNZj7lGvCEzaKlSsYdvCIaWy9NvXm.rnP.alN.ohemgRV08ZQzo1MTFxQ3BlUo1.vhrh9W0tZS.cIuTrssBO0LcdXY6Ppyk_bBORDZOmoUIpQty_XAIRQ6PGAnN6Kgbj_PBHRKKGaCIdE2X6x.7FVNF_.9a70Jun0ATUsvOF_spb8ldxWz8oBZLSlOYh_acpYfD0XhdOq.CaUoKqqkHiuvyxOwlshEOt7logra0mzYNB3DNNEK452s.fdKHrwXxZOg3LYXSbzHC3sQdD0ZzDPwaSkIqGNYxHJY1cpmcnw.ehjQ42WX5QW7O5QoGNfA3xvgHRYn1O1F7iI7dA.kOtstmFgbcKlALbYgs0N2N8VwkNCI",mdrd: "QVnhdnrjokKYDXJ82D4sPOf_DcVgdBfnluhKmHSjiyc-1739792499-1.2.1.1-FBCLIMHuSj3krZsdKX2_FFxILyo9UelZ5xVx7SDXQYG7AaS.jwvCYX64R3mKkHtUYiKoliuUqUKi1m5E2B8C8nrt6X0ayPObs2jp4gUCpdgBJftB2l_hnr_I6Tv_ktOcMDYAx1NlBZhfB3Qe.0wMFqp.tRvhKDXQbgRG25DufgT.Dfno3nztXILRma6StnNeqzdaDrBwJrklnukW8SZUrj98pQNBzWmE9cQcEMiMTXrRQpNTl2icNRfyyDBMFSt4BCszSMQ45osAJCvC83vL7FldGkWkz1Pt_8E9Y.09YV56iWJs5SrauxKLhGxMGGL.6KOeJmqnJmsWxQPwVxZ.3yCPdZCSV0YDl6Hcw3N1ndz8h628VqQjRPcNB2O24j_S.Vie6iLxLVCdM1BDyhfm4qdJbKWTkr391GZgAwS_VC26z.efLpSLtHdcjn_kxUENhWJi4RqCKbWoU7KulskvREfqji.AEV50JtdIA8Y5B5UBTmu0erq5eJc395S6SmoWK0HaYyIrn0u7dZVJASmwYRuI5aqc1BkSntTj7qGS0fkvrzvHj4Pej.8dyPIS4Ksvh9oQGZCwJnzrZpu8iJW.16A8jOwjZzPgHxJ2Vx0sZApyNBzdWZ2XKasdP6kob4lhJ1cppz5pu6t2ngSzZU4GLR2yKxI6WWcqLSQF.KiSS83dzoFHFC40aV9X2YRx_BP7GB.8xeuFvbNoDxAyCZBG46b3k3NY7inXbBo.fIUxbHxuEUKzTCvZMt9Zplwzh8Nfysa6W9qhjALUtCNli65V9iUn2LlGK1EIJVrjaSf0f164IBVo2nMnsRe.q2Jv6HFk3h7kf9ZQgwFTcAEjhpKTQdMXmteRlzxgvZYtxkjM.TbJAw841xE_9mmXcEILyrmuNg6N_hpmqpKmnyaG9qdb8JMH9rZYIkgYWIRuo.c5TLjgFSVagplTe0sLErBxjNDis4w9LdahpX6Gfh165h0L5KCK4y6QPa_dqjfBSs50W6muadINEH8uYSycZYWMNC0B3rWixVW.ttNTeIgcKfZxiNXnoWCyYukw.lX4nyuplHonRp7Dsu0X5U_315AeLCH7R4Qy4sI1zEMwY2Vp8qj4BIOvpukMe5t0FNAalQBcBRoDJiqQeZpYIZoPZH3S9xAHhdHKjGUZb0aDV9z8GTHl9PI1Kke8.eF.qnJe_rDivW0_.t2AQPRUhI5Jwb70jUa61MgHCdozos4BgU2gUwPxFJ_01XqKUyCzGNxZf0YYcZSGTHSeQMWtM7sqkfb_zlXP44fXZPVNwc2MLR819lbyojSSUH7VoUxP4cvDGwkpShSckqxXfj22cCJw1ZsKiXZ9_hqE_2kRg5kusia5Mq8T.kQbRL6umoW34hZf0YD7Aq.ul7fWYbj8.l59uAw8MTxUTEPmdUWiMMlTQmhUS6PQeB3Yog9K5I8Uw8jXC4sab7AK6mF7DSOoGag9m4FIWGm6rz2k0qzfy95i_xlD4ucotutVoh6BKnz_h9JM7WBrX_U_pXXgkv0tn254GwQNttIHGp8Tl3tfajZXtmsl5hAj4GHfZTAXrWwKj0cwtbKRTGWKd.GidbF99vQXbDbKxRAWjWq_e3G0BU8Qy0du63L4rCHkHkWMszZH2BBeS08CWtZnPmIjQ2VdYHI7dSY._Bt53kzsbteEAh6XFhKZfkU8syRnG4e.yO.x7yJondJU7lhvZr_i0ZwL.ntzZG6COyFEr6qNb75XwU1mFw26RLy0pcXN0TB2RuYUvqGoN6NEFpbHTTgy5aMYWWcYgVmgHh_RnEljPWXFRln5qBDjJQEVg3mo3OgwLFc9lLN3aW8tvEP7N.ilFZ28xgtLkfJQmyxSDVvo7LNemFhHuI.5yad60pTZwL227u0P3Yf146hllUaTxVDovCjqc7B6fQ8lPeundYpeOhvCTHTIZj4xdRYbQNYSWxsxyuChqIALwnwnDfTx1owt_HGmT2KdC5BarH5V"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=913582742d1640f4';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/10013023\/json?__cf_chl_rt_tk=Xghs7fu1iuGszISreeppjzYvXxRziU6q_6pN_8gdzww-1739792499-1.0.1.1-8tTfTKpL1HyfMsPtepARngzL7SkEr6lH0Kp.86iRpeg" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>