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overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Firewood</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">54 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Firewood</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Firewood">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Firewood/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Firewood/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Firewood/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Firewood">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_10358466" data-work_id="10358466" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10358466/SIZE_PHYTOMASS_RELATIONS_IN_PROSOPIS_JULIFLORA_SWARZ_DC">SIZE-PHYTOMASS RELATIONS IN PROSOPIS JULIFLORA (SWARZ.) DC.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Allometric equations were developed to estimate aboveground phytomass of Prosopis juliflora (Swartz.) DC using regression models based on height, crown diameter, basal area of stem, stem diameter etc. These equations predicted phytomass... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_10358466" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Allometric equations were developed to estimate aboveground phytomass of Prosopis juliflora (Swartz.) DC using regression models<br />based on height, crown diameter, basal area of stem, stem diameter etc. These equations predicted phytomass of individual plants or<br />the components of the plant. Dry firewood mass of P. juliflora (loge transformed) was best estimated with a quadratic model based on<br />height, quadratic and power model based on stem diameter and through power models based on basal area and the crown cover of the<br />plant. The multiplicative models were also equally good. Multiple regression model based on linear combination of untransformed<br />independent variables viz. height, Canopy cover, stem diameter and basal area of the plants estimated log-transformed total fresh<br />phytomass of the plant better than the log-transformed dry firewood component.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10358466" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6fffe2fe51a5c9db97c4bf016487dd5c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36424865,"asset_id":10358466,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36424865/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MTcxOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="18839049" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DoctorKhan">Doctor Khan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="18839049" type="text/json">{"id":18839049,"first_name":"Doctor","last_name":"Khan","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DoctorKhan","display_name":"Doctor Khan","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DoctorKhan?f_ri=158585","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/18839049/19151271/19098179/s65_doctor.khan.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_10358466 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="10358466"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10358466, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_10358466", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_10358466 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10358466; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_10358466"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_10358466 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="10358466"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10358466; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10358466]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_10358466").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_10358466").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="10358466"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="158585" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Firewood">Firewood</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="158585" type="text/json">{"id":158585,"name":"Firewood","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Firewood?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="257238" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prosopis_juliflora">Prosopis juliflora</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="257238" type="text/json">{"id":257238,"name":"Prosopis juliflora","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prosopis_juliflora?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1734927" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Size-phytomass_allometry">Size-phytomass allometry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1734927" type="text/json">{"id":1734927,"name":"Size-phytomass allometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Size-phytomass_allometry?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1790262" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Power_curves">Power curves</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1790262" type="text/json">{"id":1790262,"name":"Power curves","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Power_curves?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=10358466]'), work: {"id":10358466,"title":"SIZE-PHYTOMASS RELATIONS IN PROSOPIS JULIFLORA (SWARZ.) DC.","created_at":"2015-01-28T02:18:31.448-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/10358466/SIZE_PHYTOMASS_RELATIONS_IN_PROSOPIS_JULIFLORA_SWARZ_DC?f_ri=158585","dom_id":"work_10358466","summary":"Allometric equations were developed to estimate aboveground phytomass of Prosopis juliflora (Swartz.) DC using regression models\nbased on height, crown diameter, basal area of stem, stem diameter etc. These equations predicted phytomass of individual plants or\nthe components of the plant. Dry firewood mass of P. juliflora (loge transformed) was best estimated with a quadratic model based on\nheight, quadratic and power model based on stem diameter and through power models based on basal area and the crown cover of the\nplant. The multiplicative models were also equally good. Multiple regression model based on linear combination of untransformed\nindependent variables viz. height, Canopy cover, stem diameter and basal area of the plants estimated log-transformed total fresh\nphytomass of the plant better than the log-transformed dry firewood component.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36424865,"asset_id":10358466,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":18839049,"first_name":"Doctor","last_name":"Khan","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DoctorKhan","display_name":"Doctor Khan","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DoctorKhan?f_ri=158585","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/18839049/19151271/19098179/s65_doctor.khan.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":158585,"name":"Firewood","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Firewood?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false},{"id":257238,"name":"Prosopis juliflora","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prosopis_juliflora?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false},{"id":1734927,"name":"Size-phytomass allometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Size-phytomass_allometry?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false},{"id":1790262,"name":"Power curves","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Power_curves?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_10030145" data-work_id="10030145" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10030145/Bottom_up_and_top_down_dynamics_of_the_energy_transformation_in_the_Eastern_Pamirs_of_Tajikistans_Gorno_Badakhshan_region_2014_">Bottom-up and top-down dynamics of the energy transformation in the Eastern Pamirs of Tajikistan's Gorno Badakhshan region (2014)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper deals with the strategies of households living in a peripheral high-mountain region in order to cope with the post-Soviet energy crisis. The Soviet modernization project failed at connecting the region to the grid, and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_10030145" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper deals with the strategies of households living in a peripheral high-mountain region <br />in order to cope with the post-Soviet energy crisis. The Soviet modernization project failed at <br />connecting the region to the grid, and imported coal for heating and fuel for producing electric <br />energy at high costs over long distances. After the collapse of this alimentation system, people <br />have substituted energy demands with wood and shrubs, and used increasingly available lowcost <br />Chinese solar equipment to produce electrical energy. International development actors <br />have failed to increase acceptance for energy efficiency technologies. Despite the Pamirs’ <br />high potential for solar and wind energy and decreasing installation costs, Soviet-style state <br />planning of energy infrastructure still favours big hydropower stations, despite their high <br />(social) costs and the limited potential on the Pamir plateau. The paper will discuss bottomup <br />effects of household decisions and top-down strategies as potentials and obstacles for a <br />sustainable energy supply in the Pamirs.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10030145" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8222bd7329cae9f6339a61ea935bb188" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36162389,"asset_id":10030145,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36162389/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MTcxOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2011058" href="https://fu-berlin.academia.edu/TobiasKraudzun">Tobias Kraudzun</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2011058" type="text/json">{"id":2011058,"first_name":"Tobias","last_name":"Kraudzun","domain_name":"fu-berlin","page_name":"TobiasKraudzun","display_name":"Tobias Kraudzun","profile_url":"https://fu-berlin.academia.edu/TobiasKraudzun?f_ri=158585","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2011058/664515/824957/s65_tobias.kraudzun.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_10030145 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="10030145"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10030145, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_10030145", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10030145]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_10030145").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_10030145").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="10030145"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">21</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="262" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Geography">Human Geography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="262" type="text/json">{"id":262,"name":"Human Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Geography?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2216" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Natural_Resources">Natural Resources</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2216" type="text/json">{"id":2216,"name":"Natural Resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Natural_Resources?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2738" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renewable_Energy">Renewable Energy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2738" type="text/json">{"id":2738,"name":"Renewable Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renewable_Energy?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3693" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pastoralism_Social_Anthropology_">Pastoralism (Social Anthropology)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3693" type="text/json">{"id":3693,"name":"Pastoralism (Social Anthropology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pastoralism_Social_Anthropology_?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=10030145]'), work: {"id":10030145,"title":"Bottom-up and top-down dynamics of the energy transformation in the Eastern Pamirs of Tajikistan's Gorno Badakhshan region (2014)","created_at":"2015-01-06T05:39:27.761-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/10030145/Bottom_up_and_top_down_dynamics_of_the_energy_transformation_in_the_Eastern_Pamirs_of_Tajikistans_Gorno_Badakhshan_region_2014_?f_ri=158585","dom_id":"work_10030145","summary":"This paper deals with the strategies of households living in a peripheral high-mountain region\r\nin order to cope with the post-Soviet energy crisis. The Soviet modernization project failed at\r\nconnecting the region to the grid, and imported coal for heating and fuel for producing electric\r\nenergy at high costs over long distances. After the collapse of this alimentation system, people\r\nhave substituted energy demands with wood and shrubs, and used increasingly available lowcost\r\nChinese solar equipment to produce electrical energy. International development actors\r\nhave failed to increase acceptance for energy efficiency technologies. Despite the Pamirs’\r\nhigh potential for solar and wind energy and decreasing installation costs, Soviet-style state\r\nplanning of energy infrastructure still favours big hydropower stations, despite their high\r\n(social) costs and the limited potential on the Pamir plateau. The paper will discuss bottomup\r\neffects of household decisions and top-down strategies as potentials and obstacles for a\r\nsustainable energy supply in the Pamirs.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36162389,"asset_id":10030145,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2011058,"first_name":"Tobias","last_name":"Kraudzun","domain_name":"fu-berlin","page_name":"TobiasKraudzun","display_name":"Tobias Kraudzun","profile_url":"https://fu-berlin.academia.edu/TobiasKraudzun?f_ri=158585","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2011058/664515/824957/s65_tobias.kraudzun.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":262,"name":"Human Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Geography?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false},{"id":2216,"name":"Natural Resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Natural_Resources?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false},{"id":2738,"name":"Renewable Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renewable_Energy?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false},{"id":3693,"name":"Pastoralism (Social Anthropology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pastoralism_Social_Anthropology_?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false},{"id":4524,"name":"Sustainable Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development?f_ri=158585"},{"id":6032,"name":"Central Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Central_Asian_Studies?f_ri=158585"},{"id":7453,"name":"Rural Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rural_Development?f_ri=158585"},{"id":8801,"name":"Natural Resource Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Natural_Resource_Management?f_ri=158585"},{"id":12396,"name":"Post-Soviet Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Post-Soviet_Studies?f_ri=158585"},{"id":12531,"name":"Post-Socialist Societies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Post-Socialist_Societies?f_ri=158585"},{"id":14444,"name":"Desertification","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Desertification?f_ri=158585"},{"id":17829,"name":"Forest Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forest_Ecology?f_ri=158585"},{"id":18059,"name":"Mountain communities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mountain_communities?f_ri=158585"},{"id":21638,"name":"Sustainable Rural Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Rural_Development?f_ri=158585"},{"id":22650,"name":"Central Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Central_Asia?f_ri=158585"},{"id":27195,"name":"Tajikistan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tajikistan?f_ri=158585"},{"id":43986,"name":"Electricity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electricity?f_ri=158585"},{"id":97099,"name":"Rural Develoment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rural_Develoment?f_ri=158585"},{"id":158585,"name":"Firewood","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Firewood?f_ri=158585"},{"id":499222,"name":"Rural Livelihood Strategies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rural_Livelihood_Strategies?f_ri=158585"},{"id":900646,"name":"Off-grid Electricity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Off-grid_Electricity?f_ri=158585"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_30726261" data-work_id="30726261" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30726261/Modeling_the_demands_for_wood_by_the_inhabitants_of_Masada_and_for_the_Roman_siege">Modeling the demands for wood by the inhabitants of Masada and for the Roman siege</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/30726261" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6ee82e4fe2405325346f61e9bb03675f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51174629,"asset_id":30726261,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" 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$(".js-view-count-work_1911223").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1911223"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="60" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanical_Engineering">Mechanical Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="60" type="text/json">{"id":60,"name":"Mechanical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanical_Engineering?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2738" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renewable_Energy">Renewable Energy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2738" type="text/json">{"id":2738,"name":"Renewable Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renewable_Energy?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2808" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poverty">Poverty</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2808" type="text/json">{"id":2808,"name":"Poverty","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poverty?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15784" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biogas">Biogas</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="15784" type="text/json">{"id":15784,"name":"Biogas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biogas?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1911223]'), work: {"id":1911223,"title":"Conversion of traditional biomass into modern bioenergy systems: A review in context to improve the energy situation in 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href="https://www.academia.edu/35114187/Assessment_of_Rural_Energy_sources_and_Energy_Consumption_pattern_in_West_Shewa_and_East_WellegaZones_OromiaRegional_National_state_Ethiopia">Assessment of Rural Energy sources and Energy Consumption pattern in West Shewa and East WellegaZones, OromiaRegional National state, Ethiopia</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">— The study was conducted in West shewa and East wollega zones; Oromia Regional State with objective of the study is to identify the major rural source of energy consumption in the study area and to identify constraint and potential of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35114187" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">— The study was conducted in West shewa and East wollega zones; Oromia Regional State with objective of the study is to identify the major rural source of energy consumption in the study area and to identify constraint and potential of energy use in the study area. About 141Male and 39 Female households were interviewed by structured questionnaire and data were analyzed by descriptive statistics under SPSS software. The characteristic of rural Energy source utilization , the majority of respondent uses firewood about 91.1% and about 16.9% the respondent uses agricultural residue for the purpose of baking Enjera , Firewood is the first widely used energy source, about 57.2% of the respondent uses Firewood and about 22.8% of the respondent uses charcoal for the purpose of heating mostly. About 55% the respondents uses kerosene and the respondent's uses small size solar only about 20% for purpose of lighting. Electricity, battery cell, biogas was the lowest level energy sources of study area. In study area even if some rural HHs with access to electric service , they did not use for the purpose of Enjera baking as well as heating , only use for the purpose of lighting in study area. The main reasons for preference of biomass energy consumption in the study area is ease of access, cultural preference, cheap pricesandthe last reasons for choice biomass energy consumption is convenience when they used and no alternative source. Small HHs uses the available alternative energy technology like biogas, modern charcoal stove (leqach), Mirt stove, small size solar energy. Firewood and Agricultural residue were the potential energy sources in study area and unlike Agricultural research, lack of Research on Rural energy sources, lack of effective rural energy technology, socioeconomic problem to accept available rural energy sources, lack of information where and how alternatives rural energy technology were identified as constraints of rural energy sources in study area. To fill these knowledge gap AERC, should be planned to introduce new Rural Energy sources and Woreda water, mine and energy office should disseminate the available alternative technologies for ruralhouseholds.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35114187" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4abbfe72a78e31b85018e018a7adfacb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54975006,"asset_id":35114187,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54975006/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MTcxOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="31786108" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AgricultureJournalIJOEAR">Agriculture Journal IJOEAR</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="31786108" type="text/json">{"id":31786108,"first_name":"Agriculture Journal","last_name":"IJOEAR","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AgricultureJournalIJOEAR","display_name":"Agriculture Journal IJOEAR","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AgricultureJournalIJOEAR?f_ri=158585","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/31786108/9437085/10515796/s65_ijoear.agriculture_and_environmental_research.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-35114187">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-35114187"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/AbdiiLammii">Sheleme Refera Jebesa</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-35114187'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-35114187').html(); 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Oromia Regional State with objective of the study is to identify the major rural source of energy consumption in the study area and to identify constraint and potential of energy use in the study area. About 141Male and 39 Female households were interviewed by structured questionnaire and data were analyzed by descriptive statistics under SPSS software. The characteristic of rural Energy source utilization , the majority of respondent uses firewood about 91.1% and about 16.9% the respondent uses agricultural residue for the purpose of baking Enjera , Firewood is the first widely used energy source, about 57.2% of the respondent uses Firewood and about 22.8% of the respondent uses charcoal for the purpose of heating mostly. About 55% the respondents uses kerosene and the respondent's uses small size solar only about 20% for purpose of lighting. Electricity, battery cell, biogas was the lowest level energy sources of study area. In study area even if some rural HHs with access to electric service , they did not use for the purpose of Enjera baking as well as heating , only use for the purpose of lighting in study area. The main reasons for preference of biomass energy consumption in the study area is ease of access, cultural preference, cheap pricesandthe last reasons for choice biomass energy consumption is convenience when they used and no alternative source. Small HHs uses the available alternative energy technology like biogas, modern charcoal stove (leqach), Mirt stove, small size solar energy. Firewood and Agricultural residue were the potential energy sources in study area and unlike Agricultural research, lack of Research on Rural energy sources, lack of effective rural energy technology, socioeconomic problem to accept available rural energy sources, lack of information where and how alternatives rural energy technology were identified as constraints of rural energy sources in study area. To fill these knowledge gap AERC, should be planned to introduce new Rural Energy sources and Woreda water, mine and energy office should disseminate the available alternative technologies for ruralhouseholds.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54975006,"asset_id":35114187,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":31786108,"first_name":"Agriculture Journal","last_name":"IJOEAR","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AgricultureJournalIJOEAR","display_name":"Agriculture Journal IJOEAR","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AgricultureJournalIJOEAR?f_ri=158585","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/31786108/9437085/10515796/s65_ijoear.agriculture_and_environmental_research.png"},{"id":23198535,"first_name":"Sheleme Refera","last_name":"Jebesa","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AbdiiLammii","display_name":"Sheleme Refera Jebesa","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AbdiiLammii?f_ri=158585","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/23198535/6676839/59750729/s65_sheleme_refera.jebesa.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false},{"id":5411,"name":"Biomass","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomass?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false},{"id":10225,"name":"Agriculture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agriculture?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false},{"id":19870,"name":"Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Research?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false},{"id":34532,"name":"Alternative energy source","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alternative_energy_source?f_ri=158585"},{"id":158585,"name":"Firewood","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Firewood?f_ri=158585"},{"id":329734,"name":"Alternative Energy Sources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alternative_Energy_Sources?f_ri=158585"},{"id":879753,"name":"Agricultural Residues","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agricultural_Residues?f_ri=158585"},{"id":2819595,"name":"Rural Energy source","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rural_Energy_source?f_ri=158585"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_10771783" data-work_id="10771783" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10771783/Preferencias_en_el_aprovechamiento_de_la_le%C3%B1a_para_uso_dom%C3%A9stico_en_el_municipio_de_Tlanchinol_Hidalgo_una_aproximaci%C3%B3n_etnobot%C3%A1nica_cuantitativa">Preferencias en el aprovechamiento de la leña para uso doméstico en el municipio de Tlanchinol Hidalgo una aproximación etnobotánica cuantitativa</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">El uso doméstico de la leña es de gran importancia para la subsistencia de las familias en las comunidades rurales mexicanas, lo que resulta en una alta demanda del recurso. Se plantea una propuesta metodológica para evaluar... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_10771783" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">El uso doméstico de la leña es de gran importancia para la subsistencia de las familias en las comunidades rurales mexicanas, lo que resulta en una alta demanda del recurso. Se plantea una propuesta metodológica para evaluar cuantitativamente la importancia cultural relativa de las etnoespecies utilizadas en el bosque húmedo de montaña de Tlanchinol, Hidalgo, en función de atributos que las personas perciben en ellas y que a la vez utilizan como criterios de selección. Entre junio y diciembre de 2013 se entrevistaron 100 habitantes y complementariamente se realizaron dos talleres participativos en dos localidades pertenecientes al municipio de Tlanchinol. Los pobladores utilizan una gran variedad de árboles como leña, con un total de 173 etnoespecies mencionadas, de las cuales 96 son consideradas por los usuarios como buenas leñas, reflejando la riqueza de especies presentes en el ecosistema local. Los criterios de selección incluyen características positivas y negativas que la gente percibe en las distintas fases del aprovechamiento de la leña, lo que indica que las etnoespecies son percibidas como entidades duales con atributos y defectos, destacando aspectos relacionados con la  producción y mantenimiento del calor. Los encinos y otros árboles de maderas macizas fueron los mejor calificados por los usuarios. Sin embargo, en la actualidad las familias utilizan indistintamente cualquier tipo de leña, debido a la escasez actual del recurso, la cual puede atribuirse a que existen factores físicos y sociales que limitan el acceso a este recurso. Los habitantes poseen un profundo conocimiento de las características de la leña disponible en el entorno local, que se refleja en la consistencia de los criterios que utilizan para la selección de especies a utilizar, sin embargo la disminución en la disponibilidad del recurso ha forzado a las personas a recolectar a las etnoespecies bajo un criterio de disponibilidad más que con base en sus preferencias.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10771783" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bb2a91e7c42843344378a6c0bac48990" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36627231,"asset_id":10771783,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36627231/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MTcxOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3481636" href="https://uaeh.academia.edu/PabloCaballero">Pablo Caballero-Cruz</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3481636" type="text/json">{"id":3481636,"first_name":"Pablo","last_name":"Caballero-Cruz","domain_name":"uaeh","page_name":"PabloCaballero","display_name":"Pablo Caballero-Cruz","profile_url":"https://uaeh.academia.edu/PabloCaballero?f_ri=158585","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3481636/1230240/1537308/s65_pablo.caballero.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_10771783 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="10771783"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10771783, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_10771783", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_10771783 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10771783; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_10771783"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_10771783 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="10771783"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10771783; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10771783]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_10771783").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_10771783").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="10771783"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="158585" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Firewood">Firewood</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="158585" type="text/json">{"id":158585,"name":"Firewood","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Firewood?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="267301" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forest_and_Firewood">Forest and Firewood</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="267301" type="text/json">{"id":267301,"name":"Forest and Firewood","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forest_and_Firewood?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1812677" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Uso_dom%C3%A9stico_de_la_le%C3%B1a">Uso doméstico de la leña</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1812677" type="text/json">{"id":1812677,"name":"Uso doméstico de la leña","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Uso_dom%C3%A9stico_de_la_le%C3%B1a?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1812678" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emic_cultural_significance_index">Emic cultural significance index</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1812678" type="text/json">{"id":1812678,"name":"Emic cultural significance index","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emic_cultural_significance_index?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=10771783]'), work: {"id":10771783,"title":"Preferencias en el aprovechamiento de la leña para uso doméstico en el municipio de Tlanchinol Hidalgo una aproximación etnobotánica cuantitativa","created_at":"2015-02-13T10:30:19.419-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/10771783/Preferencias_en_el_aprovechamiento_de_la_le%C3%B1a_para_uso_dom%C3%A9stico_en_el_municipio_de_Tlanchinol_Hidalgo_una_aproximaci%C3%B3n_etnobot%C3%A1nica_cuantitativa?f_ri=158585","dom_id":"work_10771783","summary":"El uso doméstico de la leña es de gran importancia para la subsistencia de las familias en las comunidades rurales mexicanas, lo que resulta en una alta demanda del recurso. Se plantea una propuesta metodológica para evaluar cuantitativamente la importancia cultural relativa de las etnoespecies utilizadas en el bosque húmedo de montaña de Tlanchinol, Hidalgo, en función de atributos que las personas perciben en ellas y que a la vez utilizan como criterios de selección. Entre junio y diciembre de 2013 se entrevistaron 100 habitantes y complementariamente se realizaron dos talleres participativos en dos localidades pertenecientes al municipio de Tlanchinol. Los pobladores utilizan una gran variedad de árboles como leña, con un total de 173 etnoespecies mencionadas, de las cuales 96 son consideradas por los usuarios como buenas leñas, reflejando la riqueza de especies presentes en el ecosistema local. Los criterios de selección incluyen características positivas y negativas que la gente percibe en las distintas fases del aprovechamiento de la leña, lo que indica que las etnoespecies son percibidas como entidades duales con atributos y defectos, destacando aspectos relacionados con la producción y mantenimiento del calor. Los encinos y otros árboles de maderas macizas fueron los mejor calificados por los usuarios. Sin embargo, en la actualidad las familias utilizan indistintamente cualquier tipo de leña, debido a la escasez actual del recurso, la cual puede atribuirse a que existen factores físicos y sociales que limitan el acceso a este recurso. Los habitantes poseen un profundo conocimiento de las características de la leña disponible en el entorno local, que se refleja en la consistencia de los criterios que utilizan para la selección de especies a utilizar, sin embargo la disminución en la disponibilidad del recurso ha forzado a las personas a recolectar a las etnoespecies bajo un criterio de disponibilidad más que con base en sus preferencias.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36627231,"asset_id":10771783,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3481636,"first_name":"Pablo","last_name":"Caballero-Cruz","domain_name":"uaeh","page_name":"PabloCaballero","display_name":"Pablo Caballero-Cruz","profile_url":"https://uaeh.academia.edu/PabloCaballero?f_ri=158585","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3481636/1230240/1537308/s65_pablo.caballero.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":158585,"name":"Firewood","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Firewood?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false},{"id":267301,"name":"Forest and Firewood","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forest_and_Firewood?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false},{"id":1812677,"name":"Uso doméstico de la leña","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Uso_dom%C3%A9stico_de_la_le%C3%B1a?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false},{"id":1812678,"name":"Emic cultural significance index","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emic_cultural_significance_index?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_28348128" data-work_id="28348128" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28348128/Residential_biomass_combustion_emissions_of_organic_compounds_to_air_from_wood_pellets_and_other_new_alternatives">Residential biomass combustion-emissions of organic compounds to air from wood pellets and other new alternatives</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">It is important to increase the use of biofuels for residential heating in order to decrease the use of fossil fuels and their impact on global warming. The smoke from the combustion of biomass contains a large number of compounds, which... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_28348128" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">It is important to increase the use of biofuels for residential heating in order to decrease the use of fossil fuels and their impact on global warming. The smoke from the combustion of biomass contains a large number of compounds, which to varying degrees can affect the ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28348128" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="73c7fba886cb8b42d76940fb1dbc56df" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48681057,"asset_id":28348128,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48681057/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MTcxOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="53154683" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MariaPerzon">Maria Perzon</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="53154683" type="text/json">{"id":53154683,"first_name":"Maria","last_name":"Perzon","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MariaPerzon","display_name":"Maria Perzon","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MariaPerzon?f_ri=158585","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_28348128 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="28348128"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 28348128, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_28348128", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=28348128]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_28348128").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_28348128").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="28348128"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="524" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analytical_Chemistry">Analytical Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="524" type="text/json">{"id":524,"name":"Analytical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analytical_Chemistry?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15836" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Chemistry">Environmental Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15836" type="text/json">{"id":15836,"name":"Environmental Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Chemistry?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="58054" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences">Environmental Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="58054" type="text/json">{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="76581" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peat">Peat</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="76581" type="text/json">{"id":76581,"name":"Peat","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peat?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=28348128]'), work: {"id":28348128,"title":"Residential biomass combustion-emissions of organic compounds to air from wood pellets and other new alternatives","created_at":"2016-09-08T12:35:26.207-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/28348128/Residential_biomass_combustion_emissions_of_organic_compounds_to_air_from_wood_pellets_and_other_new_alternatives?f_ri=158585","dom_id":"work_28348128","summary":"It is important to increase the use of biofuels for residential heating in order to decrease the use of fossil fuels and their impact on global warming. The smoke from the combustion of biomass contains a large number of compounds, which to varying degrees can affect the ...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48681057,"asset_id":28348128,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":53154683,"first_name":"Maria","last_name":"Perzon","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MariaPerzon","display_name":"Maria Perzon","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MariaPerzon?f_ri=158585","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":524,"name":"Analytical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analytical_Chemistry?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false},{"id":15836,"name":"Environmental Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Chemistry?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false},{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental 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class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_29266678" data-work_id="29266678" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29266678/Deforestation_trends_in_the_Congo_Basin_logging">Deforestation trends in the Congo Basin : logging</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29266678" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a 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class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36554485/Oak_ash_and_pine_the_role_of_firewood_in_funerary_rituals_at_the_Roman_site_of_Reza_Vella_Ourense_Spain_">Oak, ash and pine: the role of firewood in funerary rituals at the Roman site of Reza Vella (Ourense, Spain)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The aim of this paper is to reflect on the role of firewood in Roman burial rites of cremation. The case study of Reza Vella (Ourense, Spain) provides valuable information about the uses and the role of plants in a funerary context in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36554485" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The aim of this paper is to reflect on the role of firewood in Roman burial rites of cremation. The case study of Reza Vella (Ourense, Spain) provides valuable information about the uses and the role of plants in a funerary context in northwest Iberia. Archaeobotanical data from Roman cemeteries in this area are very scarce, but they provide valuable information on the funerary customs introduced by the Roman Empire to the provinces, and how this interaction could be reflected in the management of firewood. The structures related to cremation rites include primary and secondary contexts. Charcoal remains recovered inside the structures, of bustum type, are the remains of the fuel burned during the cremation of the corpses. In these primary contexts, the ubiquitous taxa were Quercus sp. deciduous, Fraxinus sp. and Pinus spp. Other taxa, such as Salix/Populus, Prunus sp. and Arbutus unedo, have also been identified in secondary burials. A combination of different factors probably determined their selection for cremation purposes, such as their availability in the environs of the necropolis, differential access to wood resources, their heat potential, technical aspects related to their exploitation and even conceptual aspects, such as their symbolic meaning.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36554485" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9f1090b58db3d7b2497932f48fc547b8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57217667,"asset_id":36554485,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57217667/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MTcxOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="12442255" href="https://usc-es.academia.edu/MarioCesarVila">Mario Cesar Vila</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="12442255" type="text/json">{"id":12442255,"first_name":"Mario","last_name":"Cesar Vila","domain_name":"usc-es","page_name":"MarioCesarVila","display_name":"Mario Cesar Vila","profile_url":"https://usc-es.academia.edu/MarioCesarVila?f_ri=158585","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/12442255/3558559/28372671/s65_mario.cesar_vila.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-36554485">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-36554485"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://unican.academia.edu/Mar%C3%ADaMart%C3%ADnSeijo">María Martín-Seijo</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-36554485'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-36554485').html(); 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The case study of Reza Vella (Ourense, Spain) provides valuable information about the uses and the role of plants in a funerary context in northwest Iberia. Archaeobotanical data from Roman cemeteries in this area are very scarce, but they provide valuable information on the funerary customs introduced by the Roman Empire to the provinces, and how this interaction could be reflected in the management of firewood. The structures related to cremation rites include primary and secondary contexts. Charcoal remains recovered inside the structures, of bustum type, are the remains of the fuel burned during the cremation of the corpses. In these primary contexts, the ubiquitous taxa were Quercus sp. deciduous, Fraxinus sp. and Pinus spp. Other taxa, such as Salix/Populus, Prunus sp. and Arbutus unedo, have also been identified in secondary burials. 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itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37815059/De_largile_au_produit_fini_latelier_de_potier_de_Moulins_sur_C%C3%A9phons_Indre_dans_Tourner_autour_du_pot_les_ateliers_de_potiers_m%C3%A9di%C3%A9vaux_du_Ve_au_XIIe_si%C3%A8cle_dans_l_espace_europ%C3%A9en_colloque_international_de_Douai_5_octobre_2010_Caen_PUC_Publications_du_CRAHAM_2015_p_213_225">De l'argile au produit fini : l'atelier de potier de Moulins-sur-Céphons (Indre), », dans Tourner autour du pot : les ateliers de potiers médiévaux du Ve au XIIe siècle dans l’espace européen, colloque international de Douai, 5 octobre 2010, Caen, PUC (Publications du CRAHAM), 2015, p. 213-225.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Structures et  production d'un atelier de potier du début du XIe siècle, étude des pâtes céramiques, identification de l'argilière et des combustibles, le tout replacé dans le contexte humain et paysager de l'époque.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37815059" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3fd0b0ccdbd52348e0126ec1cee680cc" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57814724,"asset_id":37815059,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" 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l'époque.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57814724,"asset_id":37815059,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":19310270,"first_name":"Armelle","last_name":"Querrien","domain_name":"univ-paris1","page_name":"ArmelleQuerrien","display_name":"Armelle Querrien","profile_url":"https://univ-paris1.academia.edu/ArmelleQuerrien?f_ri=158585","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2795,"name":"Landscape Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Landscape_Archaeology?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false},{"id":7870,"name":"Medieval Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Archaeology?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false},{"id":70195,"name":"History of techniques","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_techniques?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false},{"id":124366,"name":"Pottery kilns","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pottery_kilns?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false},{"id":158585,"name":"Firewood","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Firewood?f_ri=158585"},{"id":318409,"name":"Ceramic production","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ceramic_production?f_ri=158585"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_10619789 coauthored" data-work_id="10619789" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10619789/Neanderthal_firewood_management_Evidence_from_Stratigraphic_Unit_IV_of_Abric_del_Pastor_Eastern_Iberia_">Neanderthal firewood management: Evidence from Stratigraphic Unit IV of Abric del Pastor (Eastern Iberia)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper presents anthracological data from Abric del Pastor (Alcoi, Spain), a Middle Paleolithic rock shelter site. Analysis of 1077 wood charcoal remains from Stratigraphic Unit IV (S.U. IV), collected within archaeological combustion... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_10619789" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper presents anthracological data from Abric del Pastor (Alcoi, Spain), a Middle Paleolithic rock shelter site. Analysis of 1077 wood charcoal remains from Stratigraphic Unit IV (S.U. IV), collected within archaeological combustion structures and from loose sediment outside of structures, allowed us to characterise the local landscape, as well as to approach the interaction between Neanderthal groups and their local environment. Taxonomic identification suggests that firewood was gathered from nearby sources, with predominance of juniper (Juniperus sp.) followed by thermophilous shrubby taxa. Additional analysis focussing on post-depositional processes affecting charcoal have shown features indicative of biodegradation and mechanical action. The results of this study contribute significant anthracological data towards our understanding of Late Pleistocene Mediterranean landscapes and Neanderthal forest management in this region.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10619789" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="192083028dac3260a4cfc102f9cf58f1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46861906,"asset_id":10619789,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46861906/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MTcxOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="429950" href="https://ull.academia.edu/PalomaVidalMatutano">Paloma Vidal Matutano</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="429950" type="text/json">{"id":429950,"first_name":"Paloma","last_name":"Vidal Matutano","domain_name":"ull","page_name":"PalomaVidalMatutano","display_name":"Paloma Vidal Matutano","profile_url":"https://ull.academia.edu/PalomaVidalMatutano?f_ri=158585","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/429950/101668/2741587/s65_paloma.vidal_matutano.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-10619789">+2</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-10619789"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://ull.academia.edu/BertilaGalv%C3%A1n">Bertila Galván</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/CristoManuelHern%C3%A1ndezG%C3%B3mez">Cristo Manuel Hernández Gómez</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-10619789'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-10619789').html(); 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Analysis of 1077 wood charcoal remains from Stratigraphic Unit IV (S.U. IV), collected within archaeological combustion structures and from loose sediment outside of structures, allowed us to characterise the local landscape, as well as to approach the interaction between Neanderthal groups and their local environment. Taxonomic identification suggests that firewood was gathered from nearby sources, with predominance of juniper (Juniperus sp.) followed by thermophilous shrubby taxa. Additional analysis focussing on post-depositional processes affecting charcoal have shown features indicative of biodegradation and mechanical action. The results of this study contribute significant anthracological data towards our understanding of Late Pleistocene Mediterranean landscapes and Neanderthal forest management in this region.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46861906,"asset_id":10619789,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":429950,"first_name":"Paloma","last_name":"Vidal Matutano","domain_name":"ull","page_name":"PalomaVidalMatutano","display_name":"Paloma Vidal Matutano","profile_url":"https://ull.academia.edu/PalomaVidalMatutano?f_ri=158585","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/429950/101668/2741587/s65_paloma.vidal_matutano.jpg"},{"id":429163,"first_name":"Bertila","last_name":"Galván","domain_name":"ull","page_name":"BertilaGalván","display_name":"Bertila Galván","profile_url":"https://ull.academia.edu/BertilaGalv%C3%A1n?f_ri=158585","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":3645614,"first_name":"Cristo Manuel","last_name":"Hernández 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A review of the taphonomic processes modifying charcoal assemblages, in archaeological contexts</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/31751579" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b62976e6c3a1d82d23703eb6b773dcfd" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":52058793,"asset_id":31751579,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52058793/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MTcxOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="61136001" href="https://independent.academia.edu/IsabelleTheryParisot">Isabelle Thery-Parisot</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="61136001" type="text/json">{"id":61136001,"first_name":"Isabelle","last_name":"Th\u0003ery-Parisot","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"IsabelleTheryParisot","display_name":"Isabelle Th\u0003ery-Parisot","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/IsabelleTheryParisot?f_ri=158585","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_31751579 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="31751579"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 31751579, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_31751579", }); 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A review of the taphonomic processes modifying charcoal assemblages, in archaeological contexts","created_at":"2017-03-07T06:05:23.216-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/31751579/Anthracology_and_taphonomy_from_wood_gathering_to_charcoal_analysis_A_review_of_the_taphonomic_processes_modifying_charcoal_assemblages_in_archaeological_contexts?f_ri=158585","dom_id":"work_31751579","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":52058793,"asset_id":31751579,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":61136001,"first_name":"Isabelle","last_name":"Th\u0003ery-Parisot","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"IsabelleTheryParisot","display_name":"Isabelle Th\u0003ery-Parisot","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/IsabelleTheryParisot?f_ri=158585","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false},{"id":289,"name":"Palaeogeography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palaeogeography?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false},{"id":406,"name":"Geology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geology?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false},{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false},{"id":15780,"name":"Taphonomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Taphonomy?f_ri=158585"},{"id":122465,"name":"Charcoal Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Charcoal_Analysis?f_ri=158585"},{"id":158585,"name":"Firewood","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Firewood?f_ri=158585"},{"id":509556,"name":"Human Activity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Activity?f_ri=158585"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_26302614 coauthored" data-work_id="26302614" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26302614/Why_is_it_difficult_to_enlarge_a_protected_area_Ecosystem_services_perspective_on_the_conflict_around_the_extension_of_the_Bia%C5%82owie%C5%BCa_National_Park_in_Poland">Why is it difficult to enlarge a protected area? Ecosystem services perspective on the conflict around the extension of the Białowieża National Park in Poland</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/26302614" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a1a7f8aa21f83bb74169302a75604943" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46616225,"asset_id":26302614,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46616225/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MTcxOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="10333280" href="https://pan-pl.academia.edu/KrzysztofNiedzia%C5%82kowski">Krzysztof Niedziałkowski</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="10333280" type="text/json">{"id":10333280,"first_name":"Krzysztof","last_name":"Niedziałkowski","domain_name":"pan-pl","page_name":"KrzysztofNiedziałkowski","display_name":"Krzysztof Niedziałkowski","profile_url":"https://pan-pl.academia.edu/KrzysztofNiedzia%C5%82kowski?f_ri=158585","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10333280/4669061/5390920/s65_krzysztof.niedzia_kowski.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-26302614">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-26302614"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/MalgorzataBlicharska">Malgorzata Blicharska</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-26302614'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-26302614').html(); 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Ecosystem services perspective on the conflict around the extension of the Białowieża National Park in Poland","created_at":"2016-06-19T05:57:00.265-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/26302614/Why_is_it_difficult_to_enlarge_a_protected_area_Ecosystem_services_perspective_on_the_conflict_around_the_extension_of_the_Bia%C5%82owie%C5%BCa_National_Park_in_Poland?f_ri=158585","dom_id":"work_26302614","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46616225,"asset_id":26302614,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":10333280,"first_name":"Krzysztof","last_name":"Niedziałkowski","domain_name":"pan-pl","page_name":"KrzysztofNiedziałkowski","display_name":"Krzysztof Niedziałkowski","profile_url":"https://pan-pl.academia.edu/KrzysztofNiedzia%C5%82kowski?f_ri=158585","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10333280/4669061/5390920/s65_krzysztof.niedzia_kowski.jpg"},{"id":50222501,"first_name":"Malgorzata","last_name":"Blicharska","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MalgorzataBlicharska","display_name":"Malgorzata Blicharska","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MalgorzataBlicharska?f_ri=158585","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3470,"name":"Community Engagement \u0026 Participation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Engagement_and_Participation?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false},{"id":48494,"name":"Biodiversity Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biodiversity_Conservation?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false},{"id":56443,"name":"Conservation Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_Policy?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false},{"id":110550,"name":"Conservation Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_Politics?f_ri=158585"},{"id":158585,"name":"Firewood","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Firewood?f_ri=158585"},{"id":374959,"name":"Land Use Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Land_Use_Policy?f_ri=158585"},{"id":1430620,"name":"Bialowieza","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bialowieza?f_ri=158585"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14578261 coauthored" data-work_id="14578261" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14578261/CHARCOAL_ANALYSIS_FROM_49_000_YEAR_OLD_HEARTHS_AT_SIBUDU_IMPLICATIONS_FOR_WOOD_USES_AND_THE_KWAZULU_NATAL_ENVIRONMENT">CHARCOAL ANALYSIS FROM 49 000-YEAR-OLD HEARTHS AT SIBUDU: IMPLICATIONS FOR WOOD USES AND THE KWAZULU-NATAL ENVIRONMENT</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Sibudu’s layer, Mottled Deposit (MOD), has an age of 49 100 years. Four hearths are present and the charcoal from them was identified to genera and often to species level. Poisonous "Spirostachys africana" occurred in one hearth that may... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14578261" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Sibudu’s layer, Mottled Deposit (MOD), has an age of 49 100 years. Four hearths are present and the charcoal from them was identified to genera and often to species level. Poisonous "Spirostachys africana" occurred in one hearth that may have been designed as an insect-repelling fire. "Acacia" wood was generally favoured, probably as fuel wood, but a variety of taxa is represented. Each hearth has some taxa that do not occur in the others. The suite of taxa supports an interpretation of mosaic vegetation communities in an environment that was<br />warmer and drier than that of preceding periods.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14578261" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7fff3450ce5f43960b797f5dbb83ec5b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38360114,"asset_id":14578261,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38360114/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MTcxOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="27899218" href="https://wits.academia.edu/SandraLennox">Sandra Lennox</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="27899218" type="text/json">{"id":27899218,"first_name":"Sandra","last_name":"Lennox","domain_name":"wits","page_name":"SandraLennox","display_name":"Sandra Lennox","profile_url":"https://wits.academia.edu/SandraLennox?f_ri=158585","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27899218/8039806/9003986/s65_sandra.lennox.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-14578261">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-14578261"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://wits.academia.edu/LynWadley">Lyn Wadley</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-14578261'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-14578261').html(); 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Four hearths are present and the charcoal from them was identified to genera and often to species level. Poisonous \"Spirostachys africana\" occurred in one hearth that may have been designed as an insect-repelling fire. \"Acacia\" wood was generally favoured, probably as fuel wood, but a variety of taxa is represented. Each hearth has some taxa that do not occur in the others. The suite of taxa supports an interpretation of mosaic vegetation communities in an environment that was\nwarmer and drier than that of preceding periods.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38360114,"asset_id":14578261,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":27899218,"first_name":"Sandra","last_name":"Lennox","domain_name":"wits","page_name":"SandraLennox","display_name":"Sandra Lennox","profile_url":"https://wits.academia.edu/SandraLennox?f_ri=158585","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27899218/8039806/9003986/s65_sandra.lennox.jpg"},{"id":25115231,"first_name":"Lyn","last_name":"Wadley","domain_name":"wits","page_name":"LynWadley","display_name":"Lyn Wadley","profile_url":"https://wits.academia.edu/LynWadley?f_ri=158585","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":15778,"name":"Middle Stone Age (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_Stone_Age_Archaeology_?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false},{"id":44297,"name":"Herbal Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Herbal_Medicine?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false},{"id":153156,"name":"Hearths","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hearths?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false},{"id":158585,"name":"Firewood","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Firewood?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false},{"id":159040,"name":"Anthracology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthracology?f_ri=158585"},{"id":477766,"name":"Sibudu","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sibudu?f_ri=158585"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7372584 coauthored" data-work_id="7372584" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif 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the impact of socio-economic activities on archaeological charcoal assemblages in temperate areas: A comparative analysis of firewood management in two Neolithic societies in Western Europe (Belgium, France)","created_at":"2014-06-16T23:58:34.413-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/7372584/Understanding_the_impact_of_socio_economic_activities_on_archaeological_charcoal_assemblages_in_temperate_areas_A_comparative_analysis_of_firewood_management_in_two_Neolithic_societies_in_Western_Europe_Belgium_France_?f_ri=158585","dom_id":"work_7372584","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":33968531,"asset_id":7372584,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1136242,"first_name":"Alexa","last_name":"Dufraisse","domain_name":"cnrs","page_name":"AlexaDufraisse","display_name":"Alexa Dufraisse","profile_url":"https://cnrs.academia.edu/AlexaDufraisse?f_ri=158585","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1136242/398789/29495923/s65_alexa.dufraisse.jpg"},{"id":1593719,"first_name":"Aurélie","last_name":"Salavert","domain_name":"mnhn","page_name":"AurélieSalavert","display_name":"Aurélie Salavert","profile_url":"https://mnhn.academia.edu/Aur%C3%A9lieSalavert?f_ri=158585","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":771,"name":"Human Behavioral Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Behavioral_Ecology?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false},{"id":7653,"name":"Forest Ecology And Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forest_Ecology_And_Management?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false},{"id":11199,"name":"Neolithic Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neolithic_Archaeology?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false},{"id":26086,"name":"Neolithic Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neolithic_Europe?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false},{"id":30699,"name":"Charcoal analysis (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Charcoal_analysis_Archaeology_?f_ri=158585"},{"id":87818,"name":"Human behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_behavior?f_ri=158585"},{"id":158585,"name":"Firewood","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Firewood?f_ri=158585"},{"id":393708,"name":"Wood Charcoal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wood_Charcoal?f_ri=158585"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_62657800" data-work_id="62657800" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/62657800/The_World_Bank_economic_review_25_2_">The World Bank economic review 25 (2)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/62657800" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c25d7d551e4e0b9957d736913540f214" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":75346969,"asset_id":62657800,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" 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function","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cumulative_distribution_function?f_ri=158585"},{"id":4055516,"name":"dependent variable","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/dependent_variable?f_ri=158585"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_39166288" data-work_id="39166288" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39166288/Firewood_knowledge_use_and_selection_by_rural_populations_in_the_Dry_Chaco_of_Sierra_de_Ancasti_Catamarca_Argentina">Firewood knowledge, use and selection by rural populations in the Dry Chaco of Sierra de Ancasti, Catamarca, Argentina</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Firewood extraction and consumption are practices that require specific knowledge as well as detailed analysis of the cultural context in which they take place. The appropriation, use and selection of wood fuel resources were determined... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_39166288" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Firewood extraction and consumption are practices that require specific knowledge as well as detailed analysis of the cultural context in which they take place. The appropriation, use and selection of wood fuel resources were determined through open and semistructured interviews, guided walks, participant observation and recall. Currently, the rural inhabitants of the Sierra de Ancasti, Catamarca (Dry Chaco´s forest) know about, manage, use, and appropriate firewood resources to meet their needs related to heating and preparing food in their homes. We identified 52 species (corresponding to 44 genera, 23 families) associated with the domestic use of fire. Among these, 42 species (81%) are currently used for food preparation, 23 species (44%) in heating and 16 species (31%) in fire ignition and production. Based on an analysis of frequency of mention and the Cognitive Salience Index, the most important and preferred species among the inhabitants are Condalia spp., Lithraea molleoides and Vachellia caven. Factors that determine the selection of the species include firewood quality, accessibility and distance. Additional factors such as the high richness of firewood species used and known in the region, the flexibility of the inhabitants in their choice of species, the exclusive use of firewood for domestic purposes, collection of dead wood, and the use of several adventitiouscultivated species associated with domestic spaces, could be reducing the pressure on the native species and on the Dry Chaco forest in general.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/39166288" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a8506f1df61b43dba56b90646b23ecec" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":59291609,"asset_id":39166288,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/59291609/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MTcxOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4444146" href="https://cordoba.academia.edu/NDavidJim%C3%A9nezEscobar">N. 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The appropriation, use and selection of wood fuel resources were determined through open and semistructured interviews, guided walks, participant observation and recall. Currently, the rural inhabitants of the Sierra de Ancasti, Catamarca (Dry Chaco´s forest) know about, manage, use, and appropriate firewood resources to meet their needs related to heating and preparing food in their homes. We identified 52 species (corresponding to 44 genera, 23 families) associated with the domestic use of fire. Among these, 42 species (81%) are currently used for food preparation, 23 species (44%) in heating and 16 species (31%) in fire ignition and production. Based on an analysis of frequency of mention and the Cognitive Salience Index, the most important and preferred species among the inhabitants are Condalia spp., Lithraea molleoides and Vachellia caven. Factors that determine the selection of the species include firewood quality, accessibility and distance. Additional factors such as the high richness of firewood species used and known in the region, the flexibility of the inhabitants in their choice of species, the exclusive use of firewood for domestic purposes, collection of dead wood, and the use of several adventitiouscultivated species associated with domestic spaces, could be reducing the pressure on the native species and on the Dry Chaco forest in general.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":59291609,"asset_id":39166288,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false},{"id":59291719,"asset_id":39166288,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4444146,"first_name":"N. David","last_name":"Jiménez-Escobar","domain_name":"cordoba","page_name":"NDavidJiménezEscobar","display_name":"N. David Jiménez-Escobar","profile_url":"https://cordoba.academia.edu/NDavidJim%C3%A9nezEscobar?f_ri=158585","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4444146/1814931/35962367/s65_n._david.jim_nez-escobar.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1700,"name":"Ethnobotany","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnobotany?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false},{"id":3536,"name":"Peasant Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peasant_Studies?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false},{"id":9813,"name":"Argentina","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Argentina?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false},{"id":31239,"name":"Traditional 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class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_24513593" data-work_id="24513593" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24513593/Anthracology_and_taphonomy_from_wood_gathering_to_charcoal_analysis_A_review_of_the_taphonomic_processes_modifying_charcoal_assemblages_in_archaeological_contexts">Anthracology and taphonomy, from wood gathering to charcoal analysis. A review of the taphonomic processes modifying charcoal assemblages, in archaeological contexts</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/24513593" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9b6e9eff98c1492c109ca9b8f08fdd93" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44845944,"asset_id":24513593,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44845944/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MTcxOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="47042618" href="https://univ-montp2.academia.edu/LucieChabal">Lucie Chabal</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="47042618" type="text/json">{"id":47042618,"first_name":"Lucie","last_name":"Chabal","domain_name":"univ-montp2","page_name":"LucieChabal","display_name":"Lucie Chabal","profile_url":"https://univ-montp2.academia.edu/LucieChabal?f_ri=158585","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/47042618/12425088/13829030/s65_lucie.chabal.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_24513593 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="24513593"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 24513593, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_24513593", }); 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A review of the taphonomic processes modifying charcoal assemblages, in archaeological contexts","created_at":"2016-04-18T01:45:18.811-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/24513593/Anthracology_and_taphonomy_from_wood_gathering_to_charcoal_analysis_A_review_of_the_taphonomic_processes_modifying_charcoal_assemblages_in_archaeological_contexts?f_ri=158585","dom_id":"work_24513593","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44845944,"asset_id":24513593,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":47042618,"first_name":"Lucie","last_name":"Chabal","domain_name":"univ-montp2","page_name":"LucieChabal","display_name":"Lucie Chabal","profile_url":"https://univ-montp2.academia.edu/LucieChabal?f_ri=158585","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/47042618/12425088/13829030/s65_lucie.chabal.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false},{"id":289,"name":"Palaeogeography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palaeogeography?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false},{"id":406,"name":"Geology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geology?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false},{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false},{"id":15780,"name":"Taphonomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Taphonomy?f_ri=158585"},{"id":122465,"name":"Charcoal Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Charcoal_Analysis?f_ri=158585"},{"id":158585,"name":"Firewood","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Firewood?f_ri=158585"},{"id":509556,"name":"Human Activity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Activity?f_ri=158585"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_82284995" data-work_id="82284995" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/82284995/The_effect_of_brackish_water_irrigation_on_the_above_and_below_ground_development_of_pollarded_Acacia_saligna_shrubs_in_an_arid_environment">The effect of brackish water irrigation on the above- and below-ground development of pollarded Acacia saligna shrubs in an arid environment</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The regrowth capacity after pollarding of a short-rotation plantation of Acacia saligna (Labill.) H. Wendl. was investigated in a field trial. This shrub has been proposed as a provider of biomass (fuelwood and fodder) in an arid... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_82284995" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The regrowth capacity after pollarding of a short-rotation plantation of Acacia saligna (Labill.) H. Wendl. was investigated in a field trial. This shrub has been proposed as a provider of biomass (fuelwood and fodder) in an arid environment, using local marginal water resources such as surface runoff and brackish groundwater. The specific objective of this study was to examine the</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/82284995" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="26305541" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JhonathanEphrath">Jhonathan Ephrath</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="26305541" type="text/json">{"id":26305541,"first_name":"Jhonathan","last_name":"Ephrath","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JhonathanEphrath","display_name":"Jhonathan Ephrath","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JhonathanEphrath?f_ri=158585","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/26305541/7261094/8171256/s65_jhonathan.ephrath.jpg_oh_6ebf7ae6dd40b8a3a3727b120c3acf77_oe_55541efb___gda___1435397056_15d37faa113290b9056ae861d0a77b8e"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_82284995 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="82284995"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 82284995, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_82284995", }); 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H. Wendl. was investigated in a field trial. This shrub has been proposed as a provider of biomass (fuelwood and fodder) in an arid environment, using local marginal water resources such as surface runoff and brackish groundwater. The specific objective of this study was to examine the","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":26305541,"first_name":"Jhonathan","last_name":"Ephrath","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JhonathanEphrath","display_name":"Jhonathan Ephrath","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JhonathanEphrath?f_ri=158585","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/26305541/7261094/8171256/s65_jhonathan.ephrath.jpg_oh_6ebf7ae6dd40b8a3a3727b120c3acf77_oe_55541efb___gda___1435397056_15d37faa113290b9056ae861d0a77b8e"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4523,"name":"Water quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false},{"id":6497,"name":"Water Availability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Availability?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false},{"id":8061,"name":"Brackish Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brackish_Water?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false},{"id":30372,"name":"Low Frequency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Low_Frequency?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=158585"},{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=158585"},{"id":99624,"name":"Drip Irrigation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drip_Irrigation?f_ri=158585"},{"id":158585,"name":"Firewood","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Firewood?f_ri=158585"},{"id":236194,"name":"Root development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Root_development?f_ri=158585"},{"id":271258,"name":"SURFACE RUNOFF PREDICTION","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/SURFACE_RUNOFF_PREDICTION?f_ri=158585"},{"id":284022,"name":"Biomass production","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomass_production?f_ri=158585"},{"id":320165,"name":"Field Trial","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Field_Trial?f_ri=158585"},{"id":377017,"name":"Aboveground biomass","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aboveground_biomass?f_ri=158585"},{"id":876161,"name":"Arid Environment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arid_Environment?f_ri=158585"},{"id":1009554,"name":"Plant and Soil Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_and_Soil_Science?f_ri=158585"},{"id":1382758,"name":"Linear System and Response","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Linear_System_and_Response?f_ri=158585"},{"id":1821646,"name":"Leaf water potential","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Leaf_water_potential?f_ri=158585"},{"id":2638425,"name":"Root growth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Root_growth?f_ri=158585"},{"id":2762339,"name":"Allometric equation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Allometric_equation?f_ri=158585"},{"id":3209519,"name":"Surface Runoff","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surface_Runoff?f_ri=158585"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_33294076" data-work_id="33294076" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33294076/Niche_breadth_and_redundancy_Useful_indices_to_analyse_fuelwood_use_in_rural_communities">Niche breadth and redundancy: Useful indices to analyse fuelwood use in rural communities</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In this work, the concepts of niche breadth and redundancy were used to analyse the use of fuelwood species in rural populations in Patagonia, Argentina. We conducted semi-structured interviews to estimate the fuel niche breadth (FNB).... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_33294076" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In this work, the concepts of niche breadth and redundancy were used to analyse the use of fuelwood species in rural populations in Patagonia, Argentina. We conducted semi-structured interviews to estimate the fuel niche breadth (FNB). For this, the variables used were as follows: use consensus of native species, use consensus of preferred species and use consensus of pruning species. Moreover, two indices were created to compare socio-environmental fuel redundancy and economic dependence between populations. The most isolated population presented the highest values for FNB, considering principally the use consensus of native species and high environmental redundancy, while the community with most access to urban centres showed the highest FNB value for use consensus of pruning species. The<br />third community presented intermediate values for FNB and low levels of redundancy, showing notable vulnerability. The FNB measured through fuelwood use contributes to the description of socio-ecological factors. Evaluation of redundancy in terms of a resource and its different functional varieties, while not focusing in particular on the functionality of the species, allows the evaluation of the current situation of the resource under study. The indices created in this work can also be used for other variables related to subsistence lifestyles.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33294076" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="765e1423ca70b406eab3652d433fb04a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53360306,"asset_id":33294076,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53360306/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MTcxOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="29197640" href="https://uncoma.academia.edu/BetinaCardoso">Betina Cardoso</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="29197640" type="text/json">{"id":29197640,"first_name":"Betina","last_name":"Cardoso","domain_name":"uncoma","page_name":"BetinaCardoso","display_name":"Betina Cardoso","profile_url":"https://uncoma.academia.edu/BetinaCardoso?f_ri=158585","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/29197640/8478798/21480500/s65_betina.cardoso.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33294076 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33294076"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33294076, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33294076", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33294076]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_33294076").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_33294076").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="33294076"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18845" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sustainability">Environmental Sustainability</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="18845" type="text/json">{"id":18845,"name":"Environmental Sustainability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sustainability?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="158585" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Firewood">Firewood</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="158585" type="text/json">{"id":158585,"name":"Firewood","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Firewood?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="168144" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Redundancy">Redundancy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="168144" type="text/json">{"id":168144,"name":"Redundancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Redundancy?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="179777" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnobotany_Ethnobiology_Ethnoecology">Ethnobotany, Ethnobiology, Ethnoecology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="179777" type="text/json">{"id":179777,"name":"Ethnobotany, Ethnobiology, Ethnoecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnobotany_Ethnobiology_Ethnoecology?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=33294076]'), work: {"id":33294076,"title":"Niche breadth and redundancy: Useful indices to analyse fuelwood use in rural communities","created_at":"2017-06-01T14:00:05.266-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/33294076/Niche_breadth_and_redundancy_Useful_indices_to_analyse_fuelwood_use_in_rural_communities?f_ri=158585","dom_id":"work_33294076","summary":"In this work, the concepts of niche breadth and redundancy were used to analyse the use of fuelwood species in rural populations in Patagonia, Argentina. We conducted semi-structured interviews to estimate the fuel niche breadth (FNB). For this, the variables used were as follows: use consensus of native species, use consensus of preferred species and use consensus of pruning species. Moreover, two indices were created to compare socio-environmental fuel redundancy and economic dependence between populations. The most isolated population presented the highest values for FNB, considering principally the use consensus of native species and high environmental redundancy, while the community with most access to urban centres showed the highest FNB value for use consensus of pruning species. The\nthird community presented intermediate values for FNB and low levels of redundancy, showing notable vulnerability. The FNB measured through fuelwood use contributes to the description of socio-ecological factors. Evaluation of redundancy in terms of a resource and its different functional varieties, while not focusing in particular on the functionality of the species, allows the evaluation of the current situation of the resource under study. The indices created in this work can also be used for other variables related to subsistence lifestyles.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53360306,"asset_id":33294076,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":29197640,"first_name":"Betina","last_name":"Cardoso","domain_name":"uncoma","page_name":"BetinaCardoso","display_name":"Betina Cardoso","profile_url":"https://uncoma.academia.edu/BetinaCardoso?f_ri=158585","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/29197640/8478798/21480500/s65_betina.cardoso.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":18845,"name":"Environmental Sustainability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sustainability?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false},{"id":158585,"name":"Firewood","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Firewood?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false},{"id":168144,"name":"Redundancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Redundancy?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false},{"id":179777,"name":"Ethnobotany, Ethnobiology, Ethnoecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnobotany_Ethnobiology_Ethnoecology?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false},{"id":234707,"name":"Niche Breadth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Niche_Breadth?f_ri=158585"},{"id":726461,"name":"Indices","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indices?f_ri=158585"},{"id":1894942,"name":"Fuelwood plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fuelwood_plants?f_ri=158585"},{"id":2729762,"name":"Mapuche rural communities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mapuche_rural_communities?f_ri=158585"},{"id":2729763,"name":"Fuel redundancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fuel_redundancy?f_ri=158585"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_31751572" data-work_id="31751572" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31751572/Anthracology_and_taphonomy_from_wood_gathering_to_charcoal_analysis_A_review_of_the_taphonomic_processes_modifying_charcoal_assemblages_in_archaeological_">Anthracology and taphonomy, from wood gathering to charcoal analysis. A review of the taphonomic processes modifying charcoal assemblages, in archaeological …</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/31751572" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ee1540c6fd1dc6153c4f15405a1c2cda" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":52058795,"asset_id":31751572,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52058795/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MTcxOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="61136001" href="https://independent.academia.edu/IsabelleTheryParisot">Isabelle Thery-Parisot</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="61136001" type="text/json">{"id":61136001,"first_name":"Isabelle","last_name":"Th\u0003ery-Parisot","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"IsabelleTheryParisot","display_name":"Isabelle Th\u0003ery-Parisot","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/IsabelleTheryParisot?f_ri=158585","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_31751572 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="31751572"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 31751572, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_31751572", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_31751572 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31751572; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_31751572"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_31751572 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="31751572"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31751572; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31751572]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_31751572").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_31751572").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="31751572"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="155" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology">Evolutionary Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="155" type="text/json">{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="289" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palaeogeography">Palaeogeography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="289" type="text/json">{"id":289,"name":"Palaeogeography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palaeogeography?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="406" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geology">Geology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="406" type="text/json">{"id":406,"name":"Geology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geology?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9846" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9846" type="text/json">{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=31751572]'), work: {"id":31751572,"title":"Anthracology and taphonomy, from wood gathering to charcoal analysis. A review of the taphonomic processes modifying charcoal assemblages, in archaeological …","created_at":"2017-03-07T06:05:21.586-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/31751572/Anthracology_and_taphonomy_from_wood_gathering_to_charcoal_analysis_A_review_of_the_taphonomic_processes_modifying_charcoal_assemblages_in_archaeological_?f_ri=158585","dom_id":"work_31751572","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":52058795,"asset_id":31751572,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":61136001,"first_name":"Isabelle","last_name":"Th\u0003ery-Parisot","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"IsabelleTheryParisot","display_name":"Isabelle Th\u0003ery-Parisot","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/IsabelleTheryParisot?f_ri=158585","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false},{"id":289,"name":"Palaeogeography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palaeogeography?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false},{"id":406,"name":"Geology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geology?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false},{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false},{"id":15780,"name":"Taphonomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Taphonomy?f_ri=158585"},{"id":122465,"name":"Charcoal Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Charcoal_Analysis?f_ri=158585"},{"id":158585,"name":"Firewood","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Firewood?f_ri=158585"},{"id":509556,"name":"Human Activity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Activity?f_ri=158585"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_30438823 coauthored" data-work_id="30438823" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30438823/Reflections_on_Gravettian_firewood_procurement_near_the_Pavlov_Hills_Czech_Republic">Reflections on Gravettian firewood procurement near the Pavlov Hills, Czech Republic</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper draws attention to firewood as a natural resource that was gathered, processed and consumed on a daily basis by Palaeolithic groups. Using Gravettian occupation of the Pavlovské Hills as a case study (dated to around 30,000... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_30438823" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper draws attention to firewood as a natural resource that was gathered, processed and consumed on a daily basis by Palaeolithic groups. Using Gravettian occupation of the Pavlovské Hills as a case study (dated to around 30,000 years BP), we investigate firewood availability using archaeological, palaeoenvironmental and ecological data, including making inferences from charcoal in Pavlovian hearths. The collated evidence suggests that while dead wood was likely readily available in woodland areas where humans had not recently foraged, longer term occupations – or repeated occupation of the same area by different groups – would have quickly exhausted naturally occurring supplies. Once depleted, the deadwood pool may have taken several generations ($40–120 years) to recover enough to provide fuel for another base camp occupation. Such exhaustion of deadwood supplies is well attested ethnographically. Thus, we argue that Pavlovian groups likely managed firewood supplies using methods similar to those used by recent hunter–gatherers: through planned geographic mobility and by deliberately killing trees years in advance of when wood was required, so leaving time for the wood to dry out. Such management of fuel resources was, we argue, critical to human expansion into these cold, hitherto marginal, ecologies of the Upper Palaeolithic.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/30438823" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="740e6da874d13e1f6b8c4a8312c532e6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50881134,"asset_id":30438823,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50881134/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MTcxOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1116091" href="https://cambridge.academia.edu/DavidBeresfordJones">David Beresford-Jones</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1116091" type="text/json">{"id":1116091,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Beresford-Jones","domain_name":"cambridge","page_name":"DavidBeresfordJones","display_name":"David Beresford-Jones","profile_url":"https://cambridge.academia.edu/DavidBeresfordJones?f_ri=158585","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1116091/389775/138918931/s65_david.beresford-jones.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-30438823">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-30438823"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://exeter.academia.edu/AlexPryor">Alex Pryor</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-30438823'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-30438823').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_30438823 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="30438823"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 30438823, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_30438823", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_30438823 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30438823; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_30438823"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_30438823 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="30438823"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30438823; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=30438823]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_30438823").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_30438823").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="30438823"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="30825" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Upper_Paleolithic">Upper Paleolithic</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="30825" type="text/json">{"id":30825,"name":"Upper Paleolithic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Upper_Paleolithic?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="61171" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gravettian">Gravettian</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="61171" type="text/json">{"id":61171,"name":"Gravettian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gravettian?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="158585" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Firewood">Firewood</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="158585" type="text/json">{"id":158585,"name":"Firewood","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Firewood?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=30438823]'), work: {"id":30438823,"title":"Reflections on Gravettian firewood procurement near the Pavlov Hills, Czech Republic","created_at":"2016-12-14T02:53:42.731-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/30438823/Reflections_on_Gravettian_firewood_procurement_near_the_Pavlov_Hills_Czech_Republic?f_ri=158585","dom_id":"work_30438823","summary":"This paper draws attention to firewood as a natural resource that was gathered, processed and consumed on a daily basis by Palaeolithic groups. Using Gravettian occupation of the Pavlovské Hills as a case study (dated to around 30,000 years BP), we investigate firewood availability using archaeological, palaeoenvironmental and ecological data, including making inferences from charcoal in Pavlovian hearths. The collated evidence suggests that while dead wood was likely readily available in woodland areas where humans had not recently foraged, longer term occupations – or repeated occupation of the same area by different groups – would have quickly exhausted naturally occurring supplies. Once depleted, the deadwood pool may have taken several generations ($40–120 years) to recover enough to provide fuel for another base camp occupation. Such exhaustion of deadwood supplies is well attested ethnographically. Thus, we argue that Pavlovian groups likely managed firewood supplies using methods similar to those used by recent hunter–gatherers: through planned geographic mobility and by deliberately killing trees years in advance of when wood was required, so leaving time for the wood to dry out. Such management of fuel resources was, we argue, critical to human expansion into these cold, hitherto marginal, ecologies of the Upper Palaeolithic.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50881134,"asset_id":30438823,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1116091,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Beresford-Jones","domain_name":"cambridge","page_name":"DavidBeresfordJones","display_name":"David Beresford-Jones","profile_url":"https://cambridge.academia.edu/DavidBeresfordJones?f_ri=158585","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1116091/389775/138918931/s65_david.beresford-jones.jpg"},{"id":393252,"first_name":"Alex","last_name":"Pryor","domain_name":"exeter","page_name":"AlexPryor","display_name":"Alex Pryor","profile_url":"https://exeter.academia.edu/AlexPryor?f_ri=158585","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/393252/98561/114603/s65_alex.pryor.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":30825,"name":"Upper Paleolithic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Upper_Paleolithic?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false},{"id":61171,"name":"Gravettian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gravettian?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false},{"id":158585,"name":"Firewood","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Firewood?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_26006942" data-work_id="26006942" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26006942/Reflections_on_Gravettian_firewood_procurement_near_the_Pavlov_Hills_Czech_Republic">Reflections on Gravettian firewood procurement near the Pavlov Hills, Czech Republic</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper draws attention to firewood as a natural resource that was gathered, processed and consumed on a daily basis by Palaeolithic groups. Using Gravettian occupation of the Pavlovské Hills as a case study (dated to around 30,000... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_26006942" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper draws attention to firewood as a natural resource that was gathered, processed and consumed on a daily basis by Palaeolithic groups. Using Gravettian occupation of the Pavlovské Hills as a case study (dated to around 30,000 years BP), we investigate firewood availability using archaeological, palaeoenvironmental and ecological data, including making inferences from charcoal in Pavlovian hearths. The collated evidence suggests that while dead wood was likely readily available in woodland areas where humans had not recently foraged, longer term occupations – or repeated occupation of the same area by different groups – would have quickly exhausted naturally occurring supplies. Once depleted, the deadwood pool may have taken several generations (~40–120 years) to recover enough to provide fuel for another base camp occupation. Such exhaustion of deadwood supplies is well attested ethnographically. Thus, we argue that Pavlovian groups likely managed firewood supplies using methods similar to those used by recent hunter–gatherers: through planned geographic mobility and by deliberately killing trees years in advance of when wood was required, so leaving time for the wood to dry out. Such management of fuel resources was, we argue, critical to human expansion into these cold, hitherto marginal, ecologies of the Upper Palaeolithic.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/26006942" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="113659d969dfad54ccddd54dd06e1383" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46355595,"asset_id":26006942,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46355595/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MTcxOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="393252" href="https://exeter.academia.edu/AlexPryor">Alex Pryor</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="393252" type="text/json">{"id":393252,"first_name":"Alex","last_name":"Pryor","domain_name":"exeter","page_name":"AlexPryor","display_name":"Alex Pryor","profile_url":"https://exeter.academia.edu/AlexPryor?f_ri=158585","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/393252/98561/114603/s65_alex.pryor.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_26006942 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="26006942"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 26006942, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_26006942", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_26006942 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26006942; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_26006942"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_26006942 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26006942"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26006942; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26006942]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_26006942").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_26006942").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="26006942"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="61171" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gravettian">Gravettian</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="61171" type="text/json">{"id":61171,"name":"Gravettian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gravettian?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="141689" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mammoth_Steppe">Mammoth Steppe</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="141689" type="text/json">{"id":141689,"name":"Mammoth Steppe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mammoth_Steppe?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="158585" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Firewood">Firewood</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="158585" type="text/json">{"id":158585,"name":"Firewood","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Firewood?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="970217" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hunter_gatherer_Ecology">Hunter gatherer Ecology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="970217" type="text/json">{"id":970217,"name":"Hunter gatherer Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hunter_gatherer_Ecology?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=26006942]'), work: {"id":26006942,"title":"Reflections on Gravettian firewood procurement near the Pavlov Hills, Czech Republic","created_at":"2016-06-09T00:41:48.738-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/26006942/Reflections_on_Gravettian_firewood_procurement_near_the_Pavlov_Hills_Czech_Republic?f_ri=158585","dom_id":"work_26006942","summary":"This paper draws attention to firewood as a natural resource that was gathered, processed and consumed on a daily basis by Palaeolithic groups. Using Gravettian occupation of the Pavlovské Hills as a case study (dated to around 30,000 years BP), we investigate firewood availability using archaeological, palaeoenvironmental and ecological data, including making inferences from charcoal in Pavlovian hearths. The collated evidence suggests that while dead wood was likely readily available in woodland areas where humans had not recently foraged, longer term occupations – or repeated occupation of the same area by different groups – would have quickly exhausted naturally occurring supplies. Once depleted, the deadwood pool may have taken several generations (~40–120 years) to recover enough to provide fuel for another base camp occupation. Such exhaustion of deadwood supplies is well attested ethnographically. Thus, we argue that Pavlovian groups likely managed firewood supplies using methods similar to those used by recent hunter–gatherers: through planned geographic mobility and by deliberately killing trees years in advance of when wood was required, so leaving time for the wood to dry out. Such management of fuel resources was, we argue, critical to human expansion into these cold, hitherto marginal, ecologies of the Upper Palaeolithic.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46355595,"asset_id":26006942,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":393252,"first_name":"Alex","last_name":"Pryor","domain_name":"exeter","page_name":"AlexPryor","display_name":"Alex Pryor","profile_url":"https://exeter.academia.edu/AlexPryor?f_ri=158585","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/393252/98561/114603/s65_alex.pryor.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":61171,"name":"Gravettian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gravettian?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false},{"id":141689,"name":"Mammoth Steppe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mammoth_Steppe?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false},{"id":158585,"name":"Firewood","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Firewood?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false},{"id":970217,"name":"Hunter gatherer Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hunter_gatherer_Ecology?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false},{"id":1525011,"name":"Gravettian - Pavlovian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gravettian_-_Pavlovian?f_ri=158585"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_65523496 coauthored" data-work_id="65523496" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/65523496/Extinction_Threat_to_Tree_Species_from_Firewood_Use_in_the_Wake_of_Electric_Power_Cuts_A_Case_Study_of_Bulawayo_Zimbabwe">Extinction Threat to Tree Species from Firewood Use in the Wake of Electric Power Cuts: A Case Study of Bulawayo, Zimbabwe</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The present study was carried out as a survey to find out the harvesting and consumption patterns of firewood in the wake of electric power cuts that are currently being experienced in the entire Zimbabwean nation. The survey was carried... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_65523496" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The present study was carried out as a survey to find out the harvesting and consumption patterns of firewood in the wake of electric power cuts that are currently being experienced in the entire Zimbabwean nation. The survey was carried out in Bulawayo and it covered randomly selected high-density and medium- density residential areas. Interviewer-completed and semi-structured questionnaires were administered to residents in the selected residential areas. The average mass of a firewood bundle was measured using a balance. Firewood was found to be the most popular alternative energy source in the absence of electricity (76%), followed by paraffin (10%), gas (7%), jelly fuel (6%) and finally coal (1%). Residents were found to prefer indigenous energy tree species to exotic ones with Colophospermum mopane (39%), Acacias (24%) and Ziziphus mucronata (16%) being the most popular ones while Eucalyptus, Jacaranda and Pine are used in very rare cases. There was significant difference (p&l...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/65523496" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="793875e1c3a0596440c11837bc5edcca" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":77081725,"asset_id":65523496,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/77081725/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MTcxOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="60673273" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PrideDube">Pride Dube</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="60673273" type="text/json">{"id":60673273,"first_name":"Pride","last_name":"Dube","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PrideDube","display_name":"Pride Dube","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PrideDube?f_ri=158585","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-65523496">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-65523496"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://buse.academia.edu/JamesChitamba">James Chitamba</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-65523496'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-65523496').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_65523496 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="65523496"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 65523496, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_65523496", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_65523496 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 65523496; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_65523496"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_65523496 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="65523496"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 65523496; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=65523496]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_65523496").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_65523496").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="65523496"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="261" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography">Geography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="261" type="text/json">{"id":261,"name":"Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="402" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science">Environmental Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="402" type="text/json">{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1041" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forestry">Forestry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1041" type="text/json">{"id":1041,"name":"Forestry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forestry?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8511" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environment_and_natural_resources_conservation">Environment and natural resources conservation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="8511" type="text/json">{"id":8511,"name":"Environment and natural resources conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environment_and_natural_resources_conservation?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=65523496]'), work: {"id":65523496,"title":"Extinction Threat to Tree Species from Firewood Use in the Wake of Electric Power Cuts: A Case Study of Bulawayo, Zimbabwe","created_at":"2021-12-22T08:34:53.347-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/65523496/Extinction_Threat_to_Tree_Species_from_Firewood_Use_in_the_Wake_of_Electric_Power_Cuts_A_Case_Study_of_Bulawayo_Zimbabwe?f_ri=158585","dom_id":"work_65523496","summary":"The present study was carried out as a survey to find out the harvesting and consumption patterns of firewood in the wake of electric power cuts that are currently being experienced in the entire Zimbabwean nation. The survey was carried out in Bulawayo and it covered randomly selected high-density and medium- density residential areas. Interviewer-completed and semi-structured questionnaires were administered to residents in the selected residential areas. The average mass of a firewood bundle was measured using a balance. Firewood was found to be the most popular alternative energy source in the absence of electricity (76%), followed by paraffin (10%), gas (7%), jelly fuel (6%) and finally coal (1%). Residents were found to prefer indigenous energy tree species to exotic ones with Colophospermum mopane (39%), Acacias (24%) and Ziziphus mucronata (16%) being the most popular ones while Eucalyptus, Jacaranda and Pine are used in very rare cases. There was significant difference (p\u0026l...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":77081725,"asset_id":65523496,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":60673273,"first_name":"Pride","last_name":"Dube","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PrideDube","display_name":"Pride Dube","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PrideDube?f_ri=158585","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":13033655,"first_name":"James","last_name":"Chitamba","domain_name":"buse","page_name":"JamesChitamba","display_name":"James Chitamba","profile_url":"https://buse.academia.edu/JamesChitamba?f_ri=158585","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/13033655/3695256/56411115/s65_james.chitamba.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":261,"name":"Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false},{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false},{"id":1041,"name":"Forestry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forestry?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false},{"id":8511,"name":"Environment and natural resources conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environment_and_natural_resources_conservation?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false},{"id":8801,"name":"Natural Resource Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Natural_Resource_Management?f_ri=158585"},{"id":158585,"name":"Firewood","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Firewood?f_ri=158585"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38464036" data-work_id="38464036" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38464036/Charcoal_Analysis_from_49_000_YEAR_OLD_Hearths_at_Sibudu_Implications_for_Wood_Uses_and_the_Kwazulu_Natal_Environment">Charcoal Analysis from 49 000-YEAR-OLD Hearths at Sibudu: Implications for Wood Uses and the Kwazulu-Natal Environment</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">ABSTRACT Sibudu’s layer, Mottled Deposit (MOD),has an age of 49 100 years. Four hearths are present and the charcoal from them was identified to genera and often to species level. Poisonous "Spirostachys africana" occurred in one hearth... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38464036" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">ABSTRACT<br />Sibudu’s layer, Mottled Deposit (MOD),has an age of 49 100 years. Four hearths are present and the charcoal from them was identified to genera and often to species level. Poisonous "Spirostachys africana" occurred in one hearth that may have been designed as an insect repelling fire. Acacia wood was generally favoured, probably as fuel wood,but a variety of taxa is represented. Each hearth has some taxa that do not occur in the others.The suite of taxa supports an interpretation of mosaic vegetation communities in an environment that was warmer and drier than that of preceding periods.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38464036" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="dc7cc299b593b162aaf1625df7e60138" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":59859068,"asset_id":38464036,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/59859068/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MTcxOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="37122681" href="https://wits.academia.edu/SLennox">Sandra Lennox</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="37122681" type="text/json">{"id":37122681,"first_name":"Sandra","last_name":"Lennox","domain_name":"wits","page_name":"SLennox","display_name":"Sandra Lennox","profile_url":"https://wits.academia.edu/SLennox?f_ri=158585","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/37122681/28891633/26964568/s65_sandra.lennox.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38464036 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38464036"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38464036, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38464036", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38464036]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38464036").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38464036").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38464036"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15778" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_Stone_Age_Archaeology_">Middle Stone Age (Archaeology)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15778" type="text/json">{"id":15778,"name":"Middle Stone Age (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_Stone_Age_Archaeology_?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="44297" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Herbal_Medicine">Herbal Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="44297" type="text/json">{"id":44297,"name":"Herbal Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Herbal_Medicine?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="153156" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hearths">Hearths</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="153156" type="text/json">{"id":153156,"name":"Hearths","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hearths?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38464036]'), work: {"id":38464036,"title":"Charcoal Analysis from 49 000-YEAR-OLD Hearths at Sibudu: Implications for Wood Uses and the Kwazulu-Natal Environment","created_at":"2019-03-01T11:22:58.304-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38464036/Charcoal_Analysis_from_49_000_YEAR_OLD_Hearths_at_Sibudu_Implications_for_Wood_Uses_and_the_Kwazulu_Natal_Environment?f_ri=158585","dom_id":"work_38464036","summary":"ABSTRACT\nSibudu’s layer, Mottled Deposit (MOD),has an age of 49 100 years. Four hearths are present and the charcoal from them was identified to genera and often to species level. Poisonous \"Spirostachys africana\" occurred in one hearth that may have been designed as an insect repelling fire. Acacia wood was generally favoured, probably as fuel wood,but a variety of taxa is represented. Each hearth has some taxa that do not occur in the others.The suite of taxa supports an interpretation of mosaic vegetation communities in an environment that was warmer and drier than that of preceding periods.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":59859068,"asset_id":38464036,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":37122681,"first_name":"Sandra","last_name":"Lennox","domain_name":"wits","page_name":"SLennox","display_name":"Sandra Lennox","profile_url":"https://wits.academia.edu/SLennox?f_ri=158585","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/37122681/28891633/26964568/s65_sandra.lennox.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false},{"id":15778,"name":"Middle Stone Age (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_Stone_Age_Archaeology_?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false},{"id":44297,"name":"Herbal 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href="https://www.academia.edu/5389164/El_ser_humano_y_la_le%C3%B1a_en_la_cordillera_de_Mendoza_Argentina_a_lo_largo_del_Holoceno_sitio_ar_queol%C3%B3gico_Arroyo_Malo_3">El ser humano y la leña en la cordillera de Mendoza (Argentina ) a lo largo del Holoceno : sitio ar queológico Arroyo Malo 3</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5389164" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1bf2cb9e91586da993e54d040f722ec0" rel="nofollow" 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{"id":1526725,"title":"Determination of the forest road network influence on the supply chain for firewood production by discrete event simulation","created_at":"2012-04-28T01:25:33.425-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1526725/Determination_of_the_forest_road_network_influence_on_the_supply_chain_for_firewood_production_by_discrete_event_simulation?f_ri=158585","dom_id":"work_1526725","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":12694198,"asset_id":1526725,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":284655,"first_name":"Stefano","last_name":"Grigolato","domain_name":"unipd","page_name":"StefanoGrigolato","display_name":"Stefano Grigolato","profile_url":"https://unipd.academia.edu/StefanoGrigolato?f_ri=158585","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":9191,"name":"Network Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Network_Analysis?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false},{"id":45213,"name":"Italy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Italy?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false},{"id":54190,"name":"Forest operation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forest_operation?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false},{"id":54191,"name":"Forest road","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forest_road?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false},{"id":158585,"name":"Firewood","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Firewood?f_ri=158585"},{"id":1009312,"name":"Geographic Information Systems (GIS)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geographic_Information_Systems_GIS_?f_ri=158585"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_76035141" data-work_id="76035141" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/76035141/The_Cost_of_Firewood_An_Actualistic_Quantification_of_Collection_Tasks">The Cost of Firewood: An Actualistic Quantification of Collection Tasks</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Firewood management is a key component of hunter-gatherer subsistence. The costs of time and labour required to gather firewood can affect labour allocation, social organisation, foodways and settlement patterns. An important factor in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_76035141" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Firewood management is a key component of hunter-gatherer subsistence. The costs of time and labour required to gather firewood can affect labour allocation, social organisation, foodways and settlement patterns. An important factor in understanding the costs of fuel gathering is the availability of wood, the most common source of fuel, on the landscape. This study uses survey and time trials to quantify fuel availability and gathering time of a single day’s firewood in an unexploited environment in a northern California blue oak grassland. The study found that the available wood fuel in a central place territory would be consumed in under a year. This suggests that changes in the lifeways of prehistoric California hunter-gatherers may have in part been influenced by the need for fuel management.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/76035141" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="17480820" href="https://nevada-reno.academia.edu/KristinaCrawford">Kristina Crawford</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="17480820" type="text/json">{"id":17480820,"first_name":"Kristina","last_name":"Crawford","domain_name":"nevada-reno","page_name":"KristinaCrawford","display_name":"Kristina Crawford","profile_url":"https://nevada-reno.academia.edu/KristinaCrawford?f_ri=158585","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/17480820/4901702/7679395/s65_kristina.crawford.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_76035141 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="76035141"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 76035141, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_76035141", }); 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The costs of time and labour required to gather firewood can affect labour allocation, social organisation, foodways and settlement patterns. An important factor in understanding the costs of fuel gathering is the availability of wood, the most common source of fuel, on the landscape. This study uses survey and time trials to quantify fuel availability and gathering time of a single day’s firewood in an unexploited environment in a northern California blue oak grassland. The study found that the available wood fuel in a central place territory would be consumed in under a year. This suggests that changes in the lifeways of prehistoric California hunter-gatherers may have in part been influenced by the need for fuel management.","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":17480820,"first_name":"Kristina","last_name":"Crawford","domain_name":"nevada-reno","page_name":"KristinaCrawford","display_name":"Kristina Crawford","profile_url":"https://nevada-reno.academia.edu/KristinaCrawford?f_ri=158585","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/17480820/4901702/7679395/s65_kristina.crawford.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false},{"id":395,"name":"Experimental Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Archaeology?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false},{"id":771,"name":"Human Behavioral Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Behavioral_Ecology?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false},{"id":8184,"name":"Hunters, Fishers and Gatherers' Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hunters_Fishers_and_Gatherers_Archaeology?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false},{"id":32948,"name":"Hunter-Gatherers (Anthropology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hunter-Gatherers_Anthropology_?f_ri=158585"},{"id":59383,"name":"California Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/California_Archaeology?f_ri=158585"},{"id":158585,"name":"Firewood","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Firewood?f_ri=158585"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_66433996" data-work_id="66433996" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/66433996/Neanderthal_firewood_management_Evidence_from_Stratigraphic_Unit_IV_of_Abric_del_Pastor_Eastern_Iberia_">Neanderthal firewood management: Evidence from Stratigraphic Unit IV of Abric del Pastor (Eastern Iberia)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper presents anthracological data from Abric del Pastor (Alcoi, Spain), a Middle Paleolithic rock shelter site. Analysis of 1077 wood charcoal remains from Stratigraphic Unit IV (S.U. IV), collected within archaeological combustion... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_66433996" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper presents anthracological data from Abric del Pastor (Alcoi, Spain), a Middle Paleolithic rock shelter site. Analysis of 1077 wood charcoal remains from Stratigraphic Unit IV (S.U. IV), collected within archaeological combustion structures and from loose sediment outside of structures, allowed us to characterise the local landscape, as well as to approach the interaction between Neanderthal groups and their local environment. Taxonomic identification suggests that firewood was gathered from nearby sources, with predominance of juniper (Juniperus sp.) followed by thermophilous shrubby taxa. Additional analysis focussing on post-depositional processes affecting charcoal have shown features indicative of biodegradation and mechanical action. The results of this study contribute significant anthracological data towards our understanding of Late Pleistocene Mediterranean landscapes and Neanderthal forest management in this region.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/66433996" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a9d6d5c682530b27fee7d5951c50aad4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":77626629,"asset_id":66433996,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/77626629/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MTcxOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3645614" href="https://independent.academia.edu/CristoManuelHern%C3%A1ndezG%C3%B3mez">Cristo Manuel Hernández Gómez</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3645614" type="text/json">{"id":3645614,"first_name":"Cristo Manuel","last_name":"Hernández Gómez","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CristoManuelHernándezGómez","display_name":"Cristo Manuel Hernández Gómez","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CristoManuelHern%C3%A1ndezG%C3%B3mez?f_ri=158585","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_66433996 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="66433996"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 66433996, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_66433996", }); 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Analysis of 1077 wood charcoal remains from Stratigraphic Unit IV (S.U. IV), collected within archaeological combustion structures and from loose sediment outside of structures, allowed us to characterise the local landscape, as well as to approach the interaction between Neanderthal groups and their local environment. Taxonomic identification suggests that firewood was gathered from nearby sources, with predominance of juniper (Juniperus sp.) followed by thermophilous shrubby taxa. Additional analysis focussing on post-depositional processes affecting charcoal have shown features indicative of biodegradation and mechanical action. The results of this study contribute significant anthracological data towards our understanding of Late Pleistocene Mediterranean landscapes and Neanderthal forest management in this region.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":77626629,"asset_id":66433996,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3645614,"first_name":"Cristo Manuel","last_name":"Hernández Gómez","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CristoManuelHernándezGómez","display_name":"Cristo Manuel Hernández Gómez","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CristoManuelHern%C3%A1ndezG%C3%B3mez?f_ri=158585","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":400,"name":"Earth 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data-work_id="7424042" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7424042/Productivity_and_quality_performance_of_an_innovative_firewood_processor">Productivity and quality performance of an innovative firewood processor</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The growing interest about wood as fuel regards not only wood chips and pellets but also firewood, especially in mountain and rural areas where domestic heating plants are widely used. Due to the increased demand for firewood, harvesting... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_7424042" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The growing interest about wood as fuel regards not only wood chips and pellets but also firewood, especially in mountain and rural areas where domestic heating plants are widely used. Due to the increased demand for firewood, harvesting activities have extended on broadleaved high forests as well as coppice. As a consequence, the diameter of logs has increased requiring larger and larger splitting machines; nowadays it is not uncommon to find on the market splitters able to process logs with diameter up to 50-60 cm. In order to increase the productivity, the effort of machine producers is directed to obtain the complete splitting of the log into firewood in only one step using multiple ways splitting knives. This technical solution may cause some drawbacks especially when the splitting knives are not properly adapted to the log diameter; it happens that the size of firewood is not homogeneous and splinters are produced, which requires using screens to separate them from the main product. In order to evaluate the work quality of a firewood processor, equipped with multiple ways splitting knives, an experimental test has been carried out using a machine in which the log diameter is automatically detected through a laser device; according to the log diameter the multiple ways splitting knives (formed by fixed and mobile knives, the latter hydraulically operated) is properly set up to obtain regularly sized firewood. Furthermore the log is automatically centred on the splitting knife set-up. The results of the experimental test showed that the firewood processor is able to produce firewood with homogeneous size and with a low production of splinters, regardless of log diameter.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7424042" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="28e22b5f4f420071cfc717dda3c5d194" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":34009545,"asset_id":7424042,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34009545/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1MTcxOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="284655" href="https://unipd.academia.edu/StefanoGrigolato">Stefano Grigolato</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="284655" type="text/json">{"id":284655,"first_name":"Stefano","last_name":"Grigolato","domain_name":"unipd","page_name":"StefanoGrigolato","display_name":"Stefano Grigolato","profile_url":"https://unipd.academia.edu/StefanoGrigolato?f_ri=158585","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7424042 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7424042"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7424042, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7424042", }); 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Due to the increased demand for firewood, harvesting activities have extended on broadleaved high forests as well as coppice. As a consequence, the diameter of logs has increased requiring larger and larger splitting machines; nowadays it is not uncommon to find on the market splitters able to process logs with diameter up to 50-60 cm. In order to increase the productivity, the effort of machine producers is directed to obtain the complete splitting of the log into firewood in only one step using multiple ways splitting knives. This technical solution may cause some drawbacks especially when the splitting knives are not properly adapted to the log diameter; it happens that the size of firewood is not homogeneous and splinters are produced, which requires using screens to separate them from the main product. In order to evaluate the work quality of a firewood processor, equipped with multiple ways splitting knives, an experimental test has been carried out using a machine in which the log diameter is automatically detected through a laser device; according to the log diameter the multiple ways splitting knives (formed by fixed and mobile knives, the latter hydraulically operated) is properly set up to obtain regularly sized firewood. Furthermore the log is automatically centred on the splitting knife set-up. The results of the experimental test showed that the firewood processor is able to produce firewood with homogeneous size and with a low production of splinters, regardless of log diameter.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34009545,"asset_id":7424042,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":284655,"first_name":"Stefano","last_name":"Grigolato","domain_name":"unipd","page_name":"StefanoGrigolato","display_name":"Stefano Grigolato","profile_url":"https://unipd.academia.edu/StefanoGrigolato?f_ri=158585","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1041,"name":"Forestry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forestry?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false},{"id":26057,"name":"Forest Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forest_Engineering?f_ri=158585","nofollow":false},{"id":30468,"name":"Biomass to fuel 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