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Disponibile in 24 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-24" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">24 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B1" title="ويليام سمنر - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ويليام سمنر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B1" title="ويليام سمنر - arabo egiziano" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ويليام سمنر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabo egiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samner_Vilyam" title="Samner Vilyam - azerbaigiano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Samner Vilyam" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaigiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Graham_Sumner" title="William Graham Sumner - banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="William Graham Sumner" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Graham_Sumner" title="William Graham Sumner - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="William Graham Sumner" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Graham_Sumner" title="William Graham Sumner - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="William Graham Sumner" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Graham_Sumner" title="William Graham Sumner - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="William Graham Sumner" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Graham_Sumner" title="William Graham Sumner - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="William Graham Sumner" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Graham_Sumner" title="William Graham Sumner - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="William Graham Sumner" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85_%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B1" title="ویلیام گراهام سامنر - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ویلیام گراهام سامنر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Graham_Sumner" title="William Graham Sumner - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="William Graham Sumner" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Graham_Sumner" title="William Graham Sumner - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="William Graham Sumner" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A0%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B0%E3%83%A9%E3%83%8F%E3%83%A0%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B5%E3%83%A0%E3%83%8A%E3%83%BC" title="ウィリアム・グラハム・サムナー - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウィリアム・グラハム・サムナー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Graham_Sumner" title="William Graham Sumner - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="William Graham Sumner" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%AE_%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%AE_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B0" title="ਵਿਲੀਅਮ ਗ੍ਰਾਹਮ ਸਮਨਰ - punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵਿਲੀਅਮ ਗ੍ਰਾਹਮ ਸਮਨਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Graham_Sumner" title="William Graham Sumner - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="William Graham Sumner" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Graham_Sumner" title="William Graham Sumner - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="William Graham Sumner" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%93%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BC" title="Самнер, Уильям Грэм - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Самнер, Уильям Грэм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Graham_Sumner" title="William Graham Sumner - slovacco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="William Graham Sumner" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Graham_Sumner" title="William Graham Sumner - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="William Graham Sumner" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1_%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%A1_%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="วิลเลียม แกรแฮม ซัมเนอร์ - thailandese" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วิลเลียม แกรแฮม ซัมเนอร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Graham_Sumner" title="William Graham Sumner - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="William Graham Sumner" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Вільям Грем Самнер - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вільям Грем Самнер" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E9%9B%B7%E5%8E%84%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E8%90%A8%E5%A7%86%E7%BA%B3" title="威廉·格雷厄姆·萨姆纳 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="威廉·格雷厄姆·萨姆纳" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div 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lang="it" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Photo_of_William_Graham_Sumner.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Photo_of_William_Graham_Sumner.jpg/220px-Photo_of_William_Graham_Sumner.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="320" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Photo_of_William_Graham_Sumner.jpg/330px-Photo_of_William_Graham_Sumner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Photo_of_William_Graham_Sumner.jpg/440px-Photo_of_William_Graham_Sumner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="1103" /></a><figcaption>William Graham Sumner</figcaption></figure> <p><b>William Graham Sumner</b> (<a href="/wiki/Paterson_(New_Jersey)" title="Paterson (New Jersey)">Paterson</a>, <a href="/wiki/30_ottobre" title="30 ottobre">30 ottobre</a> <a href="/wiki/1840" title="1840">1840</a> – <a href="/wiki/Englewood_(New_Jersey)" title="Englewood (New Jersey)">Englewood</a>, <a href="/wiki/12_aprile" title="12 aprile">12 aprile</a> <a href="/wiki/1910" title="1910">1910</a>) è stato un <a href="/wiki/Sociologia" title="Sociologia">sociologo</a> <a href="/wiki/Stati_Uniti_d%27America" title="Stati Uniti d'America">statunitense</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biografia">Biografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Graham_Sumner&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Biografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Graham_Sumner&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Biografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Figlio di Sarah Graham e Thomas Sumner, quest'ultimo era un sostenitore del <a href="/wiki/Liberalismo" title="Liberalismo">liberalismo</a> e della <a href="/wiki/Temperanza" title="Temperanza">temperanza</a>, trasmettendo ai figli i valori di sobrietà, autonomia e responsabilità personale.<sup id="cite_ref-ASA_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ASA-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Diplomatosi a <a href="/wiki/Hartford" title="Hartford">Hartford</a>, si iscrisse all'<a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_Yale" title="Università Yale">Università di Yale</a>, dove si laureò nel <a href="/wiki/1863" title="1863">1863</a>. Sacerdote della <a href="/wiki/Chiesa_episcopale_(Stati_Uniti_d%27America)" title="Chiesa episcopale (Stati Uniti d'America)">Chiesa episcopale</a> dal <a href="/wiki/1869" title="1869">1869</a> al <a href="/wiki/1872" title="1872">1872</a>, a partire da quell'anno fu professore di scienze politiche e sociali a Yale. Tra il <a href="/wiki/1873" title="1873">1873</a> e il <a href="/wiki/1876" title="1876">1876</a> fu consigliere comunale a <a href="/wiki/New_Haven" title="New Haven">New Haven</a> e tra il <a href="/wiki/1908" title="1908">1908</a> e il <a href="/wiki/1909" title="1909">1909</a> fu presidente dell'<a href="/wiki/American_Sociological_Association" title="American Sociological Association">associazione statunitense di sociologia</a>, ritirandosi dalla vita accademica alla fine di quell'anno.<sup id="cite_ref-ASA_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ASA-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pensiero">Pensiero</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Graham_Sumner&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Pensiero" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Graham_Sumner&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Pensiero"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Iniziatore dell'indirizzo di ricerca <a href="/wiki/Empirismo" title="Empirismo">empirica</a> e <a href="/wiki/Induzione" title="Induzione">induttiva</a> sul <a href="/wiki/Comportamento" title="Comportamento">comportamento</a> umano, la sua impostazione <a href="/wiki/Epistemologia" title="Epistemologia">epistemologica</a> lo condusse a evidenziare la natura <a href="/wiki/Evoluzione" title="Evoluzione">evolutiva</a> dei <a href="/wiki/Tradizione" title="Tradizione">costumi</a> e a rifiutare il concetto di <a href="/wiki/Ingegneria_sociale_(scienze_politiche)" title="Ingegneria sociale (scienze politiche)">ingegneria sociale</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Imperialismo" title="Imperialismo">Antimperialista</a> e ardente <a href="/wiki/Liberalismo" title="Liberalismo">liberale</a>, si oppose con forza al <a href="/wiki/Socialismo" title="Socialismo">socialismo</a> e allo <a href="/wiki/Statalismo" title="Statalismo">statalismo</a> e, ammirando le idee di <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Spencer" title="Herbert Spencer">Herbert Spencer</a>, si fece sostenitore dello <a href="/wiki/Darwinismo_sociale" title="Darwinismo sociale">spencerismo</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Opere">Opere</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Graham_Sumner&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Opere" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Graham_Sumner&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Opere"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> William Graham Sumner, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whatsocialclasse00sumnrich"><span style="font-style:italic;">What social classes owe to each other</span></a>, New York, Harper & Brothers, 1883.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> William Graham Sumner, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.169753"><span style="font-style:italic;">Folkways</span></a>, Cambridge, Ginn and Company, 1906.</cite> <ul><li><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> <span style="font-style:italic;">Costumi di gruppo</span>, Milano, Edizioni di comunità, 1962.</cite></li></ul></li> <li><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> William Graham Sumner, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/warotheressays0000sumn"><span style="font-style:italic;">War and Other Essays</span></a>, New Haven, Yale University Press, 1911.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> William Graham Sumner e Albert Galloway Keller, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/scienceofsociety0000sumn_l8f0"><span style="font-style:italic;">The science of society</span></a>, New Haven, Yale University Press, 1927.</cite></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Graham_Sumner&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Graham_Sumner&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ASA-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-ASA_1-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-ASA_1-1">b</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.asanet.org/william-g-sumner/"><span style="font-style:italic;">William Graham Sumner</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">asanet.org</span>. <small>URL consultato il 25 dicembre 2022</small>.</cite> </span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Graham_Sumner&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" 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href="/wiki/De_Agostini" title="De Agostini">De Agostini</a>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1356390#P6706" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDizionario_di_Economia_e_Finanza" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/william-graham-sumner_(Dizionario-di-Economia-e-Finanza)/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Sumner, William Graham</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Dizionario di Economia e Finanza</span>, <a href="/wiki/Istituto_dell%27Enciclopedia_Italiana" title="Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana">Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana</a>, 2012.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1356390#P9941" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBritannica.com" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/William-Graham-Sumner"><span style="font-style:italic;">William Graham Sumner</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Britannica" title="Enciclopedia Britannica">Enciclopedia Britannica</a></span>, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1356390#P1417" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMathematics_Genealogy_Project" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu/id.php?id=168532"><span style="font-style:italic;">William Graham Sumner</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Mathematics_Genealogy_Project" title="Mathematics Genealogy Project">Mathematics Genealogy Project</a></span>, North Dakota State University.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1356390#P549" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMLOL" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mlol.link/open/author/29073"><span style="font-style:italic;">Opere di William Graham Sumner</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">MLOL</span>, Horizons Unlimited.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1356390#P3762" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFOpen_Library" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/works/OL354838A"><span style="font-style:italic;">Opere di William Graham Sumner</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive#Open_Library" title="Internet Archive">Open Library</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1356390#P648" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFProgetto_Gutenberg" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dev.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/8140"><span style="font-style:italic;">Opere di William Graham Sumner</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Progetto_Gutenberg" title="Progetto Gutenberg">Progetto Gutenberg</a></span>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1356390#P1938" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFLibriVox" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/author/14008"><span style="font-style:italic;">Audiolibri di William Graham Sumner</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a></span>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1356390#P1899" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFOpen_Library" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/subjects/person:william_graham_sumner_(1840-1910)"><span style="font-style:italic;">Opere riguardanti William Graham Sumner</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Open Library">Open Library</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1356390#P3847" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFISFDB" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/ea.cgi?101181"><span style="font-style:italic;">Bibliografia di William Graham Sumner</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Internet_Speculative_Fiction_Database" title="Internet Speculative Fiction Database">Internet Speculative Fiction Database</a></span>, Al von Ruff.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1356390#P1233" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite 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href="/wiki/Suffragio_universale" title="Suffragio universale">Suffragio universale</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Teoria_del_lavoro_di_acquisto_della_propriet%C3%A0" title="Teoria del lavoro di acquisto della proprietà">Teoria del lavoro di acquisto della proprietà</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Tolleranza_religiosa" title="Tolleranza religiosa">Tolleranza religiosa</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Storia</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><a href="/wiki/Boston_Tea_Party" title="Boston Tea Party">Boston Tea Party</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Decabrismo" title="Decabrismo">Decabrismo</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Gloriosa_rivoluzione" title="Gloriosa rivoluzione">Gloriosa rivoluzione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Guerra_d%27indipendenza_americana" title="Guerra d'indipendenza americana">Guerra d'indipendenza americana</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Illuminismo" title="Illuminismo">Illuminismo</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Moti_del_1820-1821" title="Moti del 1820-1821">Moti del 1820-1821</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Moti_del_1830-1831" title="Moti del 1830-1831">Moti del 1830-1831</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Primavera_dei_popoli" class="mw-redirect" title="Primavera dei popoli">Primavera dei popoli</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Rivoluzione_francese" title="Rivoluzione francese">Rivoluzione francese</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Rivoluzione_di_luglio" title="Rivoluzione di luglio">Rivoluzione di luglio</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Testi fondamentali</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><i><a href="/wiki/Areopagitica" title="Areopagitica">Areopagitica</a></i><b> ·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Bill_of_Rights" title="Bill of Rights">Bill of Rights</a></i><b> ·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Costituzione_spagnola_del_1812" title="Costituzione spagnola del 1812">Costituzione di Cadice</a></i><b> ·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Dichiarazione_dei_diritti_dell%27uomo_e_del_cittadino" title="Dichiarazione dei diritti dell'uomo e del cittadino">Dichiarazione dei diritti dell'uomo e del cittadino</a></i><b> ·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Dichiarazione_d%27indipendenza_degli_Stati_Uniti_d%27America" title="Dichiarazione d'indipendenza degli Stati Uniti d'America">Dichiarazione d'indipendenza degli Stati Uniti d'America</a></i><b> ·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Dichiarazione_universale_dei_diritti_umani" title="Dichiarazione universale dei diritti umani">Dichiarazione universale dei diritti umani</a></i><b> ·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Due_trattati_sul_governo" title="Due trattati sul governo">Due trattati sul governo</a></i><b> ·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Habeas_corpus" title="Habeas corpus">Habeas corpus</a></i><b> ·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/La_costituzione_inglese" title="La costituzione inglese">La costituzione inglese</a></i><b> ·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/La_democrazia_in_America" title="La democrazia in America">La democrazia in America</a></i><b> ·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/La_ricchezza_delle_nazioni" title="La ricchezza delle nazioni">La ricchezza delle nazioni</a></i><b> ·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/La_societ%C3%A0_aperta_e_i_suoi_nemici" title="La società aperta e i suoi nemici">La società aperta e i suoi nemici</a></i><b> ·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/La_via_della_schiavit%C3%B9" title="La via della schiavitù">La via della schiavitù</a></i><b> ·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Lo_spirito_delle_leggi" title="Lo spirito delle leggi">Lo spirito delle leggi</a></i><b> ·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/L%27etica_protestante_e_lo_spirito_del_capitalismo" title="L'etica protestante e lo spirito del capitalismo">L'etica protestante e lo spirito del capitalismo</a></i><b> ·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Magna_Carta" title="Magna Carta">Magna Carta</a></i><b> ·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Petition_of_Right" title="Petition of Right">Petizione dei diritti</a></i><b> ·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Saggio_sulla_libert%C3%A0" title="Saggio sulla libertà">Saggio sulla libertà</a></i></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Teorie</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><a href="/wiki/Contratto_sociale" title="Contratto sociale">Contrattualismo</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Scuola_austriaca" title="Scuola austriaca">Evoluzionismo</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Scetticismo_(filosofia)" title="Scetticismo (filosofia)">Scetticismo</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Utilitarismo" title="Utilitarismo">Utilitarismo</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Figure chiave</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/John_Emerich_Edward_Dalberg-Acton" title="John Emerich Edward Dalberg-Acton">Acton</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">Adams J.</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Adams" title="Samuel Adams">Adams S.</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Aron" title="Raymond Aron">Aron</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Walter_Bagehot" title="Walter Bagehot">Bagehot</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Bastiat" title="Frédéric Bastiat">Bastiat</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Cesare_Beccaria" title="Cesare Beccaria">Beccaria</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Bentham" title="Jeremy Bentham">Bentham</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Isaiah_Berlin" title="Isaiah Berlin">Berlin</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jagdish_Bhagwati" title="Jagdish Bhagwati">Bhagwati</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/William_Blackstone" title="William Blackstone">Blackstone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Eugen_von_B%C3%B6hm-Bawerk" title="Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk">Böhm-Bawerk</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Boudon" title="Raymond Boudon">Boudon</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/James_M._Buchanan" title="James M. Buchanan">Buchanan</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Burke" title="Edmund Burke">Burke</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Burnet" title="Gilbert Burnet">Burnet</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/John_C._Calhoun" title="John C. Calhoun">Calhoun</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Cannan" title="Edwin Cannan">Cannan</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Camillo_Benso,_conte_di_Cavour" title="Camillo Benso, conte di Cavour">Cavour</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Anders_Chydenius" title="Anders Chydenius">Chydenius</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Coase" title="Ronald Coase">Coase</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Cobden" title="Richard Cobden">Cobden</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Edward_Coke" title="Edward Coke">Coke</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Constant" title="Benjamin Constant">Constant</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Benedetto_Croce" title="Benedetto Croce">Croce</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Anthony_de_Jasay" title="Anthony de Jasay">de Jasay</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Einaudi" title="Luigi Einaudi">Einaudi</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Enciclopedista" title="Enciclopedista">Enciclopedisti</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Adam_Ferguson" title="Adam Ferguson">Ferguson</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Ferrara_(economista)" title="Francesco Ferrara (economista)">Ferrara</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Peter_Forssk%C3%A5l" title="Peter Forsskål">Forsskål</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Franklin</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Milton_Friedman" title="Milton Friedman">Friedman</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Francis_Fukuyama" title="Francis Fukuyama">Fukuyama</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Genovesi" title="Antonio Genovesi">Genovesi</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Barry_Goldwater" title="Barry Goldwater">Goldwater</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Guizot" title="François Guizot">Guizot</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton" title="Alexander Hamilton">Hamilton</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Harriet_Taylor_Mill" title="Harriet Taylor Mill">Hardy</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_von_Hayek" title="Friedrich von Hayek">Hayek</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Hazlitt" title="Henry Hazlitt">Hazlitt</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Henry" title="Patrick Henry">Henry</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_von_Humboldt" title="Wilhelm von Humboldt">Humboldt</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/David_Hume" title="David Hume">Hume</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Infantino" title="Lorenzo Infantino">Infantino</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/John_Jay" title="John Jay">Jay</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Jefferson</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Kant</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Israel_Kirzner" title="Israel Kirzner">Kirzner</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Knight&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frank Knight (la pagina non esiste)">Knight</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_de_La_Bo%C3%A9tie" title="Étienne de La Boétie">La Boétie</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Ren%C3%A9_de_Laboulaye" title="Édouard René de Laboulaye">Laboulaye</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_du_Motier_de_La_Fayette" title="Gilbert du Motier de La Fayette">La Fayette</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Bruno_Leoni" title="Bruno Leoni">Leoni</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Lincoln</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/John_Locke" title="John Locke">Locke</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Babington_Macaulay" title="Thomas Babington Macaulay">Macaulay</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">Madison</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Malagodi" title="Giovanni Malagodi">Malagodi</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Bernard_de_Mandeville" title="Bernard de Mandeville">Mandeville</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Martino" title="Antonio Martino">Martino</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/George_Mason" title="George Mason">Mason</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Nicola_Matteucci" title="Nicola Matteucci">Matteucci</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Carl_Menger" title="Carl Menger">Menger</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/John_Stuart_Mill" title="John Stuart Mill">Mill</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/John_Milton" title="John Milton">Milton</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Marco_Minghetti" title="Marco Minghetti">Minghetti</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Minogue" title="Kenneth Minogue">Minogue</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Mises" title="Ludwig von Mises">Mises</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Gustave_de_Molinari" title="Gustave de Molinari">Molinari</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu">Montesquieu</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Nozick" title="Robert Nozick">Nozick</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Oakeshott" title="Michael Oakeshott">Oakeshott</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ortega_y_Gasset" title="José Ortega y Gasset">Ortega y Gasset</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Padri_fondatori_degli_Stati_Uniti_d%27America" title="Padri fondatori degli Stati Uniti d'America">Padri fondatori degli Stati Uniti d'America</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Paine" title="Thomas Paine">Paine</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Maffeo_Pantaleoni" title="Maffeo Pantaleoni">Pantaleoni</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Vilfredo_Pareto" title="Vilfredo Pareto">Pareto</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ron_Paul" title="Ron Paul">Paul</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Peel" title="Robert Peel">Peel</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Pi%C3%B1era" title="José Piñera">Piñera</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/William_Pitt_il_Giovane" title="William Pitt il Giovane">Pitt il Giovane</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper">Popper</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ayn_Rand" title="Ayn Rand">Rand</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Reagan</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sergio_Ricossa" title="Sergio Ricossa">Ricossa</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Lionel_Robbins" title="Lionel Robbins">Robbins</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Watson-Wentworth,_II_marchese_di_Rockingham" title="Charles Watson-Wentworth, II marchese di Rockingham">Rockingham</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Pascal_Salin" title="Pascal Salin">Salin</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Say" title="Jean-Baptiste Say">Say</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Schiller" title="Friedrich Schiller">Schiller</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Algernon_Sidney" title="Algernon Sidney">Sidney</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith">Smith</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Guy_Sorman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guy Sorman (la pagina non esiste)">Sorman</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sowell" title="Thomas Sowell">Sowell</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Spencer" title="Herbert Spencer">Spencer</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Madame_de_Sta%C3%ABl" title="Madame de Staël">Staël</a><b> ·</b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sumner</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Thatcher</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Alexis_de_Tocqueville" title="Alexis de Tocqueville">Tocqueville</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Tullock" title="Gordon Tullock">Tullock</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mario_Vargas_Llosa" title="Mario Vargas Llosa">Vargas Llosa</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire">Voltaire</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">Washington</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Max_Weber" title="Max Weber">Weber</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mary_Wollstonecraft" title="Mary Wollstonecraft">Wollstonecraft</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Rainer_Zitelmann" title="Rainer Zitelmann">Zitelmann</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Organizzazioni</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><a href="/wiki/Internazionale_Liberale" title="Internazionale Liberale">Internazionale Liberale</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Partito_dell%27Alleanza_dei_Liberali_e_dei_Democratici_per_l%27Europa" title="Partito dell'Alleanza dei Liberali e dei Democratici per l'Europa">Partito dell'Alleanza dei Liberali e dei Democratici per l'Europa</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mont_Pelerin_Society" title="Mont Pelerin Society">Mont Pelerin Society</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Forme di governo</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/Democrazia_liberale" title="Democrazia liberale">Democrazia liberale</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Monarchia_costituzionale" title="Monarchia costituzionale">Monarchia costituzionale</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Monarchia_parlamentare" title="Monarchia parlamentare">Monarchia parlamentare</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Repubblica_parlamentare" title="Repubblica parlamentare">Repubblica parlamentare</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Repubblica_presidenziale" title="Repubblica presidenziale">Repubblica presidenziale</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Repubblica_semipresidenziale" title="Repubblica semipresidenziale">Repubblica semipresidenziale</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140554510">.mw-parser-output .CdA{border:1px solid #aaa;width:100%;margin:auto;font-size:90%;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#f2f2f2;font-weight:bold;width:20%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}</style><table class="CdA"><tbody><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Controllo_di_autorit%C3%A0" title="Aiuto:Controllo di autorità">Controllo di autorità</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/14843241">14843241</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni.org/isni/0000000108553652">0000 0001 0855 3652</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_apostolica_vaticana" title="Biblioteca apostolica vaticana">BAV</a> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/495_171763">495/171763</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n79061189">n79061189</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="tedesco">DE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118799436">118799436</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Spagna" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Spagna">BNE</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="spagnolo">ES</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX4660576">XX4660576</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://datos.bne.es/resource/XX4660576">(data)</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Francia" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Francia">BNF</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="francese">FR</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12334246d">cb12334246d</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12334246d">(data)</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Israele" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Israele">J9U</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr>, <abbr title="ebraico">HE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007307485005171">987007307485005171</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_e_universitaria_di_Zagabria" title="Biblioteca nazionale e universitaria di Zagabria">NSK</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="croato">HR</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&local_base=nsk10&doc_number=000186928">000186928</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_della_Dieta_nazionale_del_Giappone" title="Biblioteca della Dieta nazionale del Giappone">NDL</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr>, <abbr title="giapponese">JA</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/01022797">01022797</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> CONOR.SI <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="sloveno">SL</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plus.si.cobiss.net/opac7/conor/18948195">18948195</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; 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