CINXE.COM

<!doctype html> <html class="no-js finehomebuilding " lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1"> <meta name='viewport' content='width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0' /> <meta property="fb:pages" content="47821345812" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/app/themes/finehomebuilding/favicon.ico" /> <meta name="dfp-path" content="/7222/ttn.fhb/design" />  <script>if(window.performance) {performance.mark('taunton:documenthead:start');performance.mark('taunton:gdpr:start');}</script><script src="https://dvrugxe9y0n6d.cloudfront.net/geo/2.2.2/taunton-user-consent.js"></script><script>if(window.performance) {performance.mark('taunton:gdpr:end');performance.measure('taunton:gdpr', 'taunton:gdpr:start', 'taunton:gdpr:end');}</script> <script> if ('serviceWorker' in navigator) { window.addEventListener('load', function() { navigator.serviceWorker.register('/sw.js') .then(function(registration) { console.log('Service Worker registered!'); }) .catch(function(err) { console.log('Registration failed', err); }); }); } </script> <script> if( window.location && window.location.hash ){ try{ var url_jump_link = window.location.hash; if (url_jump_link.match(/\#track=true\&email=/)) { window.location.replace(window.location.pathname) } }catch(err){ if (typeof console != 'undefined' ){ console.log( err ) } } } // Global FHB object var FHB = { scripts: {} }; FHB.user = { "level" : "anonymous", "authStatus" : "logged out", "favorite" : false, }; FHB.page = { "accessType" : "free", "channel" : "design", "topics" : ['architecture-and-design','carbon-energy-conservation','design-and-planning','energy-efficiency','green-building','insulation','net-zero','sustainable-architecture','whole-house-design','building-science','net-zero-energy','passive-house','passive-house-passivhaus','passivhaus'], "pageType" : "article", "contentID" : "538153", "collection": "", "video" : false, "isSSL" : true, "disableAds" : false, "forceGate" : false, "isAccountPage" : false, "meter" : true }; FHB.page.title = "Passive House 3.0"; FHB.page.publishDate = "2024-11-11"; FHB.page.issueTitle = "Issue 328 - Dec/Jan 2024"; FHB.util = { loadTime : function() { if (typeof window['performance'] !== 'undefined') { return new Date - performance.timing.navigationStart; } }, "reCaptchaKey" : "6LehZe0iAAAAAHqTxBZVxKcRuSEER3Id54dncqfV" }; </script> <script> window.requestIdleCallback = window.requestIdleCallback || function (cb) { var start = Date.now(); return setTimeout(function () { cb({ didTimeout: false, timeRemaining: function () { return Math.max(0, 50 - (Date.now() - start)); } }); }, 1); } window.cancelIdleCallback = window.cancelIdleCallback || function (id) { clearTimeout(id); } </script>   <script> var deviceType = /iPad/.test(navigator.userAgent) ? "t" : /Mobile|iP(hone|od)|Android|BlackBerry|IEMobile|Silk/.test(navigator.userAgent) ? "m" : "d"; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; window.dataLayer.push({ 'access_type': FHB.page.accessType, 'login_status' : FHB.user.authStatus, 'user_level': FHB.user.level, 'channel': FHB.page.channel, 'pagetype': FHB.page.pageType, 'contentID': FHB.page.contentID, 'collection': FHB.page.collection, 'video_article': FHB.page.video, 'favorite': FHB.user.favorite, 'category_json': ['architecture-and-design','carbon-energy-conservation','design-and-planning','energy-efficiency','green-building','insulation','net-zero','sustainable-architecture','whole-house-design'], 'tag_json': ['building-science','net-zero-energy','passive-house','passive-house-passivhaus','passivhaus','whole-house-design'], 'topic_json' : ['architecture-and-design','carbon-energy-conservation','design-and-planning','energy-efficiency','green-building','insulation','net-zero','sustainable-architecture','whole-house-design','building-science','net-zero-energy','passive-house','passive-house-passivhaus','passivhaus'], 'email_hash': '', 'device_type': deviceType, 'disable_ads' : FHB.page.disableAds, 'hide_nativo': false, 'issue_title': FHB.page.issueTitle, 'publish_date': FHB.page.publishDate }); </script>  <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-TNT6W7C');</script>    <script> (function(d) { var config = { kitId: 'hjb2qap', scriptTimeout: 3000, async: true }, h=d.documentElement,t=setTimeout(function(){h.className=h.className.replace(/\bwf-loading\b/g,"")+" wf-inactive";},config.scriptTimeout),tk=d.createElement("script"),f=false,s=d.getElementsByTagName("script")[0],a;h.className+=" wf-loading";tk.src='https://use.typekit.net/'+config.kitId+'.js';tk.async=true;tk.onload=tk.onreadystatechange=function(){a=this.readyState;if(f||a&&a!="complete"&&a!="loaded")return;f=true;clearTimeout(t);try{Typekit.load(config)}catch(e){}};s.parentNode.insertBefore(tk,s) })(document); </script>  <script> FHB.dfp = { path: "/7222/ttn.fhb/design", possibleSlots: { "dfp-leaderboard-1" : { "sizes" : [[728, 90], [970, 250],[970, 90]], //"sizes" : [[728, 90], [970, 90]], "targeting" : [["pos", "top"]], "sizeMapping" : [ [[1121, 0], [[970,250], [728, 90], [970, 90]]], //[[1000, 0], [[728, 90], [970, 90]]], [[728, 0], [[728, 90]]], [[0, 0], [[320, 50]]] ], "companion": true }, "dfp-leaderboard-2" : { "sizes" : [[728, 90], [970, 250]], "targeting" : [["pos", "mid"]], "sizeMapping" : [ [[1121, 0], [[970, 250], [728, 90]]], [[728, 0], [[728, 90]]], [[0, 0], [[320, 50]]] ] }, "dfp-leaderboard-3" : { "sizes" : [[728, 90], [970, 250]], "sizeMapping" : [ [[1121, 0], [[970, 250], [728, 90]]], [[728, 0], [[728, 90]]], [[0, 0], [[320, 50]]] ] }, "dfp-rectangle-1" : { "sizes" : [[300, 250], [300, 600]], "targeting" : [["pos", "top"]], "companion": true }, "dfp-rectangle-2" : { "sizes" : [[300, 250]], "targeting" : [["pos", "mid"]] }, "dfp-rectangle-3" : { "sizes" : [[300, 250]], "targeting" : [["pos", "bottom"]] }, "dfp-rectangle-desktop-extra" : { "sizes" : [[300, 250]], "targeting" : [["pos", "desktop_extra"]] }, "dfp-rectangle-slideshow" : { "sizes" : [[300, 250]], "targeting" : [["pos", "left"]] }, "dfp-rectangle-firework" : { "sizes" : [[300, 250]], "targeting" : [["pos", "firework"]] }, "dfp-interstitial" : { "sizes" : [[640, 480]], "sizeMapping" : [ [[640, 520], [640, 480]], [[0, 0], []] ], "collapse" : true, "overrideSafeFrame" : true, }, "dfp-skin" : { "sizes" : [[3, 3]], "overrideSafeFrame" : true, }, "dfp-inread" : { "sizes" : [[1, 1]], "collapse" : true, "overrideSafeFrame" : true, }, "dfp-logo" : { "sizes" : [[140, 67],[88, 31]], "collapse" : true } } }; </script> <script async src="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js"></script> <script> window.googletag = window.googletag || {cmd: []}; </script>  <script src="https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js?render=6LehZe0iAAAAAHqTxBZVxKcRuSEER3Id54dncqfV" async></script> <script> if(typeof grecaptcha === 'undefined') { grecaptcha = {}; } grecaptcha.ready = function(cb){ if(typeof grecaptcha === 'undefined') { const c = '___grecaptcha_cfg'; window[c] = window[c] || {}; (window[c]['fns'] = window[c]['fns']||[]).push(cb); } else { cb(); } } </script> <script> FHB.page.TestConsent = true; </script>   <script async src="//asset.fwcdn2.com/js/embed-feed.js"></script>  <meta property="fb:pages" content="47821345812"> <meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' />  <title>Passive House Design and the Phius Standard - Fine Homebuilding</title> <meta name="description" content="Josh Salinger shares the evolution of the Phius standard which adapts passive house design principles to diverse climates in North America." /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/2024/11/11/passive-house-3-0" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Passive House Design and the Phius Standard - Fine Homebuilding" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Josh Salinger shares the evolution of the Phius standard which adapts passive house design principles to diverse climates in North America." /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/2024/11/11/passive-house-3-0" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Fine Homebuilding" /> <meta property="article:published_time" content="2024-11-11T18:40:43+00:00" /> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2024-11-20T15:15:34+00:00" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/app/uploads/2024/11/01232838-passive-house-feature-thumb-16x9.jpg" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="460" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="260" /> <meta property="og:image:type" content="image/jpeg" /> <meta name="author" content="Abby Cote" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://www.finehomebuilding.com/2024/11/11/passive-house-3-0","url":"https://www.finehomebuilding.com/2024/11/11/passive-house-3-0","name":"Passive House Design and the Phius Standard - Fine Homebuilding","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://www.finehomebuilding.com/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https://www.finehomebuilding.com/2024/11/11/passive-house-3-0#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https://www.finehomebuilding.com/2024/11/11/passive-house-3-0#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https://www.finehomebuilding.com/app/uploads/2024/11/01232838-passive-house-feature-thumb-16x9.jpg","datePublished":"2024-11-11T18:40:43+00:00","dateModified":"2024-11-20T15:15:34+00:00","author":{"@id":"https://www.finehomebuilding.com/#/schema/person/ade2a43a3cbec9546c38e726dcbb9e3d"},"description":"Josh Salinger shares the evolution of the Phius standard which adapts passive house design principles to diverse climates in North America.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://www.finehomebuilding.com/2024/11/11/passive-house-3-0#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https://www.finehomebuilding.com/2024/11/11/passive-house-3-0"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://www.finehomebuilding.com/2024/11/11/passive-house-3-0#primaryimage","url":"https://www.finehomebuilding.com/app/uploads/2024/11/01232838-passive-house-feature-thumb-16x9.jpg","contentUrl":"https://www.finehomebuilding.com/app/uploads/2024/11/01232838-passive-house-feature-thumb-16x9.jpg","width":460,"height":260,"caption":"THUMBNAIL-16x9"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://www.finehomebuilding.com/2024/11/11/passive-house-3-0#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https://www.finehomebuilding.com/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Passive House 3.0"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://www.finehomebuilding.com/#website","url":"https://www.finehomebuilding.com/","name":"Fine Homebuilding","description":"Expert home construction tips, tool reviews, remodeling design and layout ideas, house project plans, and advice for homeowners","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://www.finehomebuilding.com/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https://www.finehomebuilding.com/#/schema/person/ade2a43a3cbec9546c38e726dcbb9e3d","name":"Abby Cote","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://www.finehomebuilding.com/#/schema/person/image/","url":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3051ab1b8b464cdb1d8a791adfb35b1a?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3051ab1b8b464cdb1d8a791adfb35b1a?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Abby Cote"},"url":"https://www.finehomebuilding.com/author/acoteaimmedia-com"}]}</script>  <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//d4c5gb8slvq7w.cloudfront.net' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s3.amazonaws.com' /> <link rel='preconnect' href='https://d4c5gb8slvq7w.cloudfront.net' /> <link rel='preconnect' href='https://s3.amazonaws.com' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Fine Homebuilding » Feed" href="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/feed" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Fine Homebuilding » Comments Feed" href="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/comments/feed" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Fine Homebuilding » Passive House 3.0 Comments Feed" href="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/2024/11/11/passive-house-3-0/feed" /> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='fhb-common-css' href='https://www.finehomebuilding.com/app/themes/finehomebuilding/dist/css/common-1759075299.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='print-css' href='https://www.finehomebuilding.com/app/themes/finehomebuilding/dist/css/print-5adbb3af79.css' type='text/css' media='print' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='fhb-pages-css' href='https://www.finehomebuilding.com/app/themes/finehomebuilding/dist/css/pages-4a11b2116e.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='taunton-content-commerce-products-css' href='https://www.finehomebuilding.com/app/plugins/taunton-content-commerce/css/tcc-product.css?ver=1.0.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='taunton-content-commerce-recommended-products-css' href='https://www.finehomebuilding.com/app/plugins/taunton-content-commerce/css/tcc-recommended-products.css?ver=1.0.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/app/themes/finehomebuilding/javascript/vendor/jquery-2.2.4.min.js" id="jquery-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/app/themes/finehomebuilding/dist/js/vendor-8280c428c8.js" id="vendor-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/app/themes/finehomebuilding/dist/js/all-bd480c3b9b.js" id="all-js-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" nomodule defer src="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/app/themes/finehomebuilding/dist/js/runtime-legacy.01562f747a373334b561.js" id="webpack-runtime-nomodule-js"></script> <script type="module" src="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/app/themes/finehomebuilding/dist/js/runtime-modern.92d78dcd50b16f7147a4.js" id="webpack-runtime-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" nomodule defer src="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/app/themes/finehomebuilding/dist/js/deferred-vendor-legacy.4f62e23ac664a1e8f059.js" id="deferred-vendor-nomodule-js"></script> <script type="module" src="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/app/themes/finehomebuilding/dist/js/deferred-vendor-modern.9465a15ae350825445c9.js" id="deferred-vendor-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" nomodule defer src="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/app/themes/finehomebuilding/dist/js/deferred-legacy.0b5f155e950b40e97978.js" id="deferred-nomodule-js"></script> <script type="module" src="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/app/themes/finehomebuilding/dist/js/deferred-modern.135351e622c55d05b78c.js" id="deferred-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" nomodule defer src="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/app/themes/finehomebuilding/dist/js/singular-legacy.6d1c91a6ca605f7ee751.js" id="fhb-singular-nomodule-js"></script> <script type="module" src="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/app/themes/finehomebuilding/dist/js/singular-modern.70d0fa0fb6251c0126a1.js" id="fhb-singular-js"></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/wp-json/wp/v2/posts/538153" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/wp/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <link rel='shortlink' href='https://www.finehomebuilding.com/?p=538153' /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.finehomebuilding.com%2F2024%2F11%2F11%2Fpassive-house-3-0" /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.finehomebuilding.com%2F2024%2F11%2F11%2Fpassive-house-3-0&format=xml" /> <script type="application/ld+json"> { "@context": "http:\/\/schema.org\/", "@type": "ItemList", "numberOfItems": 3, "itemListElement": [ { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 1, "item": { "@type": "Product", "name": "Get Your House Right: Architectural Elements to Use & Avoid", "url": "https:\/\/www.finehomebuilding.com\/2024\/11\/11\/passive-house-3-0", "image": "https:\/\/s3.amazonaws.com\/finehomebuilding.s3.tauntoncloud.com\/app\/uploads\/2024\/07\/18130436\/012-FHB-eComm-Product-4.jpg", "description": "If you are designing or remodeling a traditional home and want to make sure that you get all the finish details right, this book is for you. Marianne\u2019s drawings are illustrative, covering every aspect of interior and exterior finishes.", "offers": [ { "@type": "Offer", "name": "Get Your House Right: Architectural Elements to Use & Avoid", "price": "11.14", "priceCurrency": "USD", "url": "https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Get-Your-House-Right-Architectural\/dp\/1402791038\/?tag=finehomebuild-20&tag=fhb_1001-20", "offeredBy": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Amazon" } } ] } }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 2, "item": { "@type": "Product", "name": "Nitrile Work Gloves", "url": "https:\/\/www.finehomebuilding.com\/2024\/11\/11\/passive-house-3-0", "image": "https:\/\/s3.amazonaws.com\/finehomebuilding.s3.tauntoncloud.com\/app\/uploads\/2024\/07\/18133747\/012-FHB-eComm-Product-59.jpg", "description": "Do yourself a favor and protect your hands while you work. These lightweight, breathable work gloves will keep your hands safe while cutting and fitting.", "offers": [ { "@type": "Offer", "name": "Nitrile Work Gloves", "price": "13.99", "priceCurrency": "USD", "url": "https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/dp\/B074XCXVCM\/?coliid=I3PE1ORM71Y4V9&colid=2JSNUFIPRYIIA&psc=1&&tag=fhb_1001-20", "offeredBy": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Amazon" } } ] } }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 3, "item": { "@type": "Product", "name": "Disposable Suit", "url": "https:\/\/www.finehomebuilding.com\/2024\/11\/11\/passive-house-3-0", "image": "https:\/\/s3.amazonaws.com\/finehomebuilding.s3.tauntoncloud.com\/app\/uploads\/2024\/07\/18132917\/012-FHB-eComm-Product-21.jpg", "description": "This suit provides full body protection to help you stay clean from head to toe when installing insulation. We recommend wearing sweats underneath for additional coverage.", "offers": [ { "@type": "Offer", "name": "Disposable Suit", "price": "11.59", "priceCurrency": "USD", "url": "https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/dp\/B00JZZTMGY\/?coliid=I1K161IDQPPBDE&colid=2JSNUFIPRYIIA&psc=1&&tag=fhb_1001-20", "offeredBy": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Amazon" } } ] } } ] } </script> <script type="application/ld+json"> { "@context": "http:\/\/schema.org\/", "@type": "Article", "mainEntityOfPage": { "@type": "WebPage", "@id": "https:\/\/www.finehomebuilding.com\/2024\/11\/11\/passive-house-3-0" }, "isAccessibleForFree": "True", "headline": "Passive House 3.0", "datePublished": "2024-11-11 13:40:43", "dateModified": "2024-11-20 10:15:34", "description": "With improved energy codes and more clean electricity coming online, the Phius program is leaning into comfort, durability, resilience, and flexibility for designers and builders.", "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https:\/\/www.finehomebuilding.com\/app\/uploads\/2024\/11\/01232838-passive-house-feature.jpg" }, "author": [ { "@type": "Person", "name": "Josh Salinger", "url": "https:\/\/www.finehomebuilding.com\/author\/josh-salinger" } ], "isPartOf": { "@type": "PublicationIssue", "name": "Issue 328 - Dec\/Jan 2024", "url": "https:\/\/www.finehomebuilding.com\/issue\/2024\/11\/issue-328-dec-jan", "isPartOf": { "@type": "Periodical", "name": "Fine Homebuilding Magazine", "publisher": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Fine Homebuilding", "url": "https:\/\/www.finehomebuilding.com", "sameAs": [ "https:\/\/twitter.com\/FHBMagazine", "https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/FineHomebuildingMagazine", "https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/fine-homebuilding", "https:\/\/www.pinterest.com\/fhbmagazine\/" ], "logo": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https:\/\/www.finehomebuilding.com\/app\/themes\/finehomebuilding\/dist\/img\/fhb_logo_on_bg.png" } } }, "issueNumber": "328", "image": "https:\/\/www.finehomebuilding.com\/app\/uploads\/2024\/11\/FHB328-Cover.jpg" } } </script> <link rel="icon" href="https://s3.amazonaws.com/finehomebuilding.s3.tauntoncloud.com/app/uploads/2018/10/10150048/cropped-fhb-favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32" /> <link rel="icon" href="https://s3.amazonaws.com/finehomebuilding.s3.tauntoncloud.com/app/uploads/2018/10/10150048/cropped-fhb-favicon-192x192.png" sizes="192x192" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://s3.amazonaws.com/finehomebuilding.s3.tauntoncloud.com/app/uploads/2018/10/10150048/cropped-fhb-favicon-180x180.png" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://s3.amazonaws.com/finehomebuilding.s3.tauntoncloud.com/app/uploads/2018/10/10150048/cropped-fhb-favicon-270x270.png" /> <link rel="icon" href="https://s3.amazonaws.com/finehomebuilding.s3.tauntoncloud.com/app/uploads/2018/10/10150048/cropped-fhb-favicon.png" sizes="512x512" /> <link rel="manifest" href="/manifest.json" /> <meta name="mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes" /> <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes" /> <meta name="application-name" content="Fine Homebuilding" /> <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" content="Fine Homebuilding" /> <meta name="theme-color" content="#f1f1f1" /> <meta name="msapplication-navbutton-color" content="#f1f1f1" /> <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="default" /> <meta name="msapplication-starturl" content="/" /> <script> if(window.performance) { performance.mark('taunton:documenthead:end'); performance.measure('taunton:documenthead', 'taunton:documenthead:start', 'taunton:documenthead:end'); } </script> </head> <body class="article post-template-default single single-post postid-538153 single-format-standard group-blog"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="display: none;"> <symbol id="fhb-brand-logo" x="0" y="0" viewBox="90.375 209.707 590.582 172.582" enable-background="new 90.375 209.707 590.582 172.582" xml:space="preserve"> <title>FHB Logo</title> <g id="surface1"> <path d="M224.57,279.82h-4.316v-50.344h-22.707v13.203h4.195v37.141h-4.934v12.953h27.762V279.82"/> <path d="M220.254,209.707h-18.512v16.039h18.512V209.707"/> <path d="M274.297,239.348l-9.871-9.871h-11.723l-8.391,8.391l-0.988-8.391h-16.902v13.203h3.457v37.141h-3.457 v12.953h24.43V279.82h-2.469v-29.859l4.566-4.566h1.359l1.48,1.48v32.945h-2.469v12.953h24.062V279.82h-3.086V239.348"/> <path d="M161.371,298.02l-9.867,9.871v43.555l9.867,9.871h11.785v-12.832h-1.664l-1.48-1.48v-34.672l1.48-1.48 h5.059l1.48,1.48v34.672l-1.48,1.48h-1.684v12.832h11.801l9.871-9.871v-43.555l-9.871-9.871H161.371"/> <path d="M272.867,307.891l-9.871-9.871h-11.598l-7.156,7.156l-7.156-7.156h-11.723l-8.391,8.391l-0.988-8.391 h-16.902v13.203h3.453v37.137h-3.453v12.957h24.43v-12.957h-2.465V318.5l4.562-4.566h1.359l1.48,1.48v32.945h-2.469v12.957h23.441 v-12.957h-2.465V318.5l4.562-4.566h1.359l1.48,1.48v32.945h-2.469v12.957h24.059v-12.957h-3.082V307.891"/> <path d="M424.516,298.02h-22.207v13.203h3.703v29.613l-4.566,4.562h-1.359l-1.48-1.48V298.02h-21.617v13.203h3.109 v40.223l9.871,9.871h11.723l8.391-8.391l0.984,8.391h16.785v-12.957h-3.336V298.02"/> <path d="M452.797,278.535h-18.508v16.039h18.508V278.535"/> <path d="M452.797,298.02h-23.223v13.203h4.715v37.137h-4.566v12.957h27.023v-12.957h-3.949V298.02"/> <path d="M480.93,278.535h-22.828v13.203h4.32v56.621h-3.953v12.957h26.777v-12.957h-4.316V278.535"/> <path d="M559.871,278.535h-18.508v16.039h18.508V278.535"/> <path d="M559.871,298.02h-23.148v13.203h4.641v37.137h-4.641v12.957h27.172v-12.957h-4.023V298.02"/> <path d="M613.125,307.891l-9.871-9.871h-11.723l-8.391,8.391l-0.988-8.391H565.25v13.203h3.457v37.137h-3.016 v12.957h23.988v-12.957h-2.465V318.5l4.562-4.566h1.359l1.48,1.48v32.945h-2.469v12.957h24.059v-12.957h-3.082V307.891"/> <path d="M296.93,322.82v-11.105l1.48-1.48h5.059l1.48,1.48v11.105h-6.301v11.598h24.809v-26.527l-9.867-9.871 h-25.297l-9.871,9.871v43.555l9.871,9.871h25.297l9.867-9.871v-10.609h-18.508v6.785l-1.48,1.48h-5.059l-1.48-1.48v-13.203h0.004 V322.82H296.93"/> <path d="M365.016,298.02h-11.102l-6.172,6.168v-25.652h-21.961v13.203h3.453v56.621h-3.453v12.957h16.902 l0.863-7.898l7.898,7.898h3.23v-13.449h-3.602l-3.332-3.332v-27.887l4.566-4.562h2.59l1.48,1.48v29.496h0.012v18.254h8.625 l9.871-9.871v-43.555L365.016,298.02"/> <path d="M532.383,348.359v-69.824h-23.441v13.203h4.934v12.449l-6.172-6.168h-11.102l-9.871,9.871v43.555 l9.871,9.871h8.633v-18.254h0.004v-29.496l1.48-1.48h2.59l4.566,4.562v27.887l-3.332,3.332h-3.594v13.449h3.227l7.895-7.898 l0.863,7.898h15.918v-12.957H532.383"/> <path d="M649.777,298.02l-0.863,7.895l-7.895-7.895h-13.574l-9.871,9.871v41.332l9.871,9.871h11.105l4.453-4.453 v-11.844l-2.852,2.848h-2.59l-1.48-1.48v-31.215l1.48-1.48h3.824l3.332,3.332v26.277l-0.004,0.004v11.848l0.004-0.004v15.051 l-2.098,2.098h-4.07l-2.098-2.098v-4.688h-18.508v9.133l9.871,9.867h25.539l9.871-9.867v-61.199h3.086V298.02H649.777"/> <path d="M296.93,322.82v-11.105l1.48-1.48h5.059l1.48,1.48v11.105h-6.301v11.598h24.809v-26.527l-9.867-9.871 h-25.297l-9.871,9.871v43.555l9.871,9.871h25.297l9.867-9.871v-10.609h-18.508v6.785l-1.48,1.48h-5.059l-1.48-1.48v-13.203h0.004 V322.82H296.93"/> <path d="M297.371,254.281v-11.105l1.48-1.48h5.059l1.48,1.48v11.105h-6.301v11.598h24.809v-26.531l-9.867-9.871 h-25.297l-9.871,9.871v43.555l9.871,9.871h25.297l9.867-9.871v-10.609h-18.508v6.785l-1.48,1.48h-5.059l-1.48-1.48v-13.199h0.008 v-11.598H297.371"/> <path d="M150.438,292.773h30.82v-14.188h-7.895v-16.191h17.125v-17.277h-17.125v-21.219h6.934v11.227h16.039 v-25.418H148.93v14.191h4.938v54.688h-3.43V292.773"/> <path d="M148.738,278.535h-27.145v14.188h3.082v19.238h-9.871v-19.238h3.086v-14.188H90.375v14.188h4.934v54.402 h-4.934v14.191h27.516v-14.191h-3.086v-16.781h9.871v16.781h-3.082v14.191h27.512v-14.191h-4.934v-54.352h4.566V278.535"/> <path d="M671.68,310.879h7.195l2.082-2.082v-8.676l-2.082-2.082h-7.195l-2.082,2.082v8.676L671.68,310.879z M672.406,309.27l-1.07-1.102v-7.445l1.07-1.074h5.773l1.074,1.074v7.445l-1.074,1.102H672.406z M672.531,307.945h2.59v-1.324 h-0.535v-1.324h1.262l0.281,0.281v1.738l0.633,0.629h1.355v-1.324h-0.348v-1.355l-0.695-0.664l0.695-0.695v-2.016l-0.977-0.98 h-4.262v1.355h0.445v4.355h-0.445V307.945z M674.586,303.973v-1.707h1.355l0.188,0.191v1.23l-0.281,0.285H674.586"/> </g> </symbol> <symbol id="facebook" viewBox="0 0 9 16"> <title>Facebook</title> <path d="M9 3H7C6.7 3 6 3.5 6 4v2h3v3H6v7H3V9H0V6h3V4c0-2.2 2-4 4.1-4H9V3z"/> </symbol> <symbol id="linkedin" viewBox="0 0 15 15"> <title>LinkedIn</title> <rect y="4" width="3" height="11"/> <path d="M11 4C9.1 4 8.4 5 8 6L8 4H5C5.1 5 5 15 5 15h3V9.2c0-0.3 0-0.6 0.1-0.8 0.3-0.6 1-1.3 2-1.3C11.3 7 12 8 12 9.4V15h3V9C15 5.8 13.3 4 11 4z"/> <circle cx="1.5" cy="1.5" r="1.5"/> </symbol> <symbol id="email" viewBox="0 0 44 44"> <title>Email</title> <path d="M43 6H1C0.4 6 0 6.4 0 7v30c0 0.6 0.4 1 1 1h42c0.6 0 1-0.4 1-1V7C44 6.4 43.6 6 43 6zM42 33.6L29.6 21.2l-1.4 1.4L41.6 36H2.4l13.4-13.4 -1.4-1.4L2 33.6V8h40V33.6z"/> <path d="M40 8L22 26 4 8H2v0.8L21.3 28.1c0.4 0.4 1 0.4 1.4 0L42 8.8V8H40z"/> </symbol> <symbol id="pinterest" viewBox="0 0 12 16"> <title>Pinterest</title> <path d="M4.9 10.6c-0.4 2.2-0.9 4.3-2.4 5.4 -0.5-3.3 0.7-5.8 1.2-8.5C2.9 6 3.9 2.9 5.7 3.6 8 4.6 3.7 9.4 6.6 10c3 0.6 4.2-5.4 2.4-7.4C6.3-0.2 1.1 2.5 1.8 6.6c0.2 1 1.1 1.3 0.4 2.7 -1.7-0.4-2.2-1.8-2.2-3.7 0.1-3.1 2.7-5.2 5.2-5.5 3.2-0.4 6.3 1.2 6.7 4.4 0.5 3.6-1.5 7.4-4.9 7.2C6.1 11.5 5.7 11 4.9 10.6z"/> </symbol> <symbol id="twitter" viewBox="0 0 16 13"> <title>Twitter</title> <path d="M16 1.5c-0.6 0.3-1.2 0.4-1.9 0.5 0.7-0.4 1.2-1 1.4-1.8 -0.6 0.4-1.3 0.7-2.1 0.8C12.9 0.4 12 0 11.1 0 9.3 0 7.8 1.5 7.8 3.3c0 0.3 0 0.5 0.1 0.7 -2.7-0.1-5.1-1.4-6.8-3.4C0.8 1.1 0.7 1.7 0.7 2.3c0 1.1 0.8 2.1 1.6 2.7C1.8 5 1 4.8 1 4.6c0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.6 1 2.9 2.5 3.2C3.2 7.9 2.8 7.9 2.5 7.9c-0.2 0-0.5 0-0.7-0.1 0.4 1.3 1.6 2.3 3 2.3 -1.1 0.9-2.5 1.4-4.1 1.4 -0.3 0-0.5 0-0.8 0 1.5 0.9 3.2 1.5 5 1.5 6 0 9.3-5 9.3-9.3 0-0.1 0-0.3 0-0.4C15 2.8 15.6 2.2 16 1.5z"/> </symbol> <symbol id="x" viewBox="0 0 1200 1227"> <title>X</title> <path d="M714.163 519.284L1160.89 0H1055.03L667.137 450.887L357.328 0H0L468.492 681.821L0 1226.37H105.866L515.491 750.218L842.672 1226.37H1200L714.137 519.284H714.163ZM569.165 687.828L521.697 619.934L144.011 79.6944H306.615L611.412 515.685L658.88 583.579L1055.08 1150.3H892.476L569.165 687.854V687.828Z"/> </symbol> <symbol id="instagram" viewBox="0 0 16 16"> <title>Instagram</title> <path d="M2 0H1C0.4 0 0 0.4 0 1v1 6 6 1c0 0.6 0.4 1 1 1h1 12 1c0.6 0 1-0.4 1-1v-1V8 2 1c0-0.6-0.4-1-1-1h-1H2zM8 6c1.1 0 2 0.9 2 2s-0.9 2-2 2S6 9.1 6 8 6.9 6 8 6zM14 14H2V8h2c0 2.2 1.8 4 4 4s4-1.8 4-4h2V14zM14 5h-3V2h3V5z"/> </symbol> <symbol id="tiktok" viewBox="0 0 512 512"> <title>Tiktok</title> <path d="M412.19,118.66a109.27,109.27,0,0,1-9.45-5.5,132.87,132.87,0,0,1-24.27-20.62c-18.1-20.71-24.86-41.72-27.35-56.43h.1C349.14,23.9,350,16,350.13,16H267.69V334.78c0,4.28,0,8.51-.18,12.69,0,.52-.05,1-.08,1.56,0,.23,0,.47-.05.71,0,.06,0,.12,0,.18a70,70,0,0,1-35.22,55.56,68.8,68.8,0,0,1-34.11,9c-38.41,0-69.54-31.32-69.54-70s31.13-70,69.54-70a68.9,68.9,0,0,1,21.41,3.39l.1-83.94a153.14,153.14,0,0,0-118,34.52,161.79,161.79,0,0,0-35.3,43.53c-3.48,6-16.61,30.11-18.2,69.24-1,22.21,5.67,45.22,8.85,54.73v.2c2,5.6,9.75,24.71,22.38,40.82A167.53,167.53,0,0,0,115,470.66v-.2l.2.2C155.11,497.78,199.36,496,199.36,496c7.66-.31,33.32,0,62.46-13.81,32.32-15.31,50.72-38.12,50.72-38.12a158.46,158.46,0,0,0,27.64-45.93c7.46-19.61,9.95-43.13,9.95-52.53V176.49c1,.6,14.32,9.41,14.32,9.41s19.19,12.3,49.13,20.31c21.48,5.7,50.42,6.9,50.42,6.9V131.27C453.86,132.37,433.27,129.17,412.19,118.66Z"/> </symbol> <symbol id="youtube" viewBox="0 0 21 15"> <title>YouTube</title> <path d="M20.2 10.9L20.2 4C20.2 4 20.2 0.6 16.8 0.6L4.1 0.6C4.1 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.7 4L0.7 10.9C0.7 10.9 0.7 14.3 4.1 14.3L16.8 14.3C16.8 14.3 20.2 14.3 20.2 10.9M14.2 7.4L7.8 11.2 7.8 3.7 14.2 7.4"/> </symbol> <symbol id="bookmark" viewBox="0 0 27 34"> <polygon stroke-miterlimit="10" points="26.5,33.252 13.5,27.9 0.5,33.252 0.5,0.5 26.5,0.5 "/> </symbol> <symbol id="plus-sign" viewBox="0 0 20 20"> <title>Plus Icon</title> <path d="M8.5 8.5L1.5 8.5C0.7 8.5 0 9.2 0 10 0 10.8 0.7 11.5 1.5 11.5L8.5 11.5 8.5 18.5C8.5 19.3 9.2 20 10 20 10.8 20 11.5 19.3 11.5 18.5L11.5 11.5 18.5 11.5C19.3 11.5 20 10.8 20 10 20 9.2 19.3 8.5 18.5 8.5L11.5 8.5 11.5 1.5C11.5 0.7 10.8 0 10 0 9.2 0 8.5 0.7 8.5 1.5L8.5 8.5Z"/> </symbol> <symbol id="close" viewBox="0 0 823.9 1029.9"> <title>Close Icon</title> <path d="m776.8 0c-12.1 0-24.1 4.6-33.3 13.8L411.9 345.3 80.5 13.9c-18.4-18.4-48.3-18.4-66.7 0-18.4 18.4-18.4 48.2 0 66.7l331.4 331.4-331.4 331.4c-18.4 18.4-18.4 48.3 0 66.7 9.2 9.2 21.3 13.8 33.3 13.8 12.1 0 24.2-4.6 33.3-13.8l331.4-331.4 331.5 331.4c9.2 9.2 21.3 13.8 33.3 13.8 12.1 0 24.1-4.6 33.3-13.8 18.4-18.4 18.4-48.2 0-66.7l-331.5-331.4 331.5-331.4c18.4-18.4 18.4-48.2 0-66.7C800.9 4.6 788.8 0 776.8 0Z"/> </symbol> <symbol id="nav-search" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"> <title>Navigation Search Icon</title> <circle cx="10.5" cy="10.5" r="7.5"/> <line x1="21" y1="21" x2="15.8" y2="15.8"/> </symbol> <symbol id="main-nav-search" viewBox="0 0 33 32"> <title>Navigation Search Icon</title> <path d="M12 2.4C17.3 2.4 21.6 6.7 21.6 12 21.6 17.3 17.3 21.6 12 21.6 6.7 21.6 2.4 17.3 2.4 12 2.4 6.7 6.7 2.4 12 2.4L12 2.4ZM12 0C5.4 0 0 5.4 0 12 0 18.6 5.4 24 12 24 18.6 24 24 18.6 24 12 24 5.4 18.6 0 12 0L12 0 12 0ZM20 23.2L28 32C28.8 31.9 29.1 32 28.8 32 29.6 32 29.9 31.9 30.4 32L32 30.4C32.1 29.7 32.1 29 32 28L23.2 20 20 23.2 20 23.2Z"/> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-arrow-down" viewBox="0 0 30 20"> <title>Arrow Down Icon</title> <path d="m3.525.7375 11.475 11.45 11.475-11.45 3.525 3.525-15 15-15-15z" /> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-video" viewBox="0 0 30 30"> <title>Video Guide Icon</title> <path d="m27.4132492 0h-24.85804415c-1.41955836 0-2.55520505 1.13564669-2.55520505 2.55520505v24.88958995c0 1.4195583 1.13564669 2.555205 2.55520505 2.555205h24.88958995c1.4195583 0 2.555205-1.1356467 2.555205-2.555205v-24.88958995c-.0315457-1.41955836-1.1671924-2.55520505-2.5867508-2.55520505zm-7.4447949 15.8044164-7.6340694 5.0788644c-.6624606.4416403-1.5457414-.0315458-1.5457414-.8201893v-10.15772872c0-.78864354.8832808-1.26182966 1.5457414-.82018928l7.6656151 5.0788644c.5678233.3785489.5678233 1.2618296-.0315457 1.6403785z" /> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-article" viewBox="0 0 26 30"> <title>Article Guide Icon</title> <g> <path d="m20 5v3.61915606c0 .20664627.2593355.38084394.5656521.38084394h4.4343479c-.0450627-.04539958-.0860928-.09364547-.1373413-.13434857l-4.7274707-3.77741409c-.0419697-.03316014-.0901644-.05870627-.135188-.08823734z"/><path d="m19.2145057 3.6756758h1.1083654.110472v.07880196l.7046404.50247472c.0856995.05752841.1559255.10846502.2213904.16599343l.6406261.56719415v-3.14923097c0-1.01244005-.8166374-1.84090909-1.8282561-1.84090909h-18.34348782c-1.01165587 0-1.82825608.82846904-1.82825608 1.84090909v23.31818181c0 1.0186574.81660021 1.8409091 1.82825608 1.8409091h1.82821891v-20.47067542c0-1.57364167 1.33429365-2.85364878 2.97389181-2.85364878z"/><path d="m21.3127208 10.9002686c-.9813591 0-1.7799574-.7440186-1.7799574-1.65832521v-4.24194339h-12.75393684c-.98207544 0-1.77882656.74371338-1.77882656 1.65626525v21.67503365c0 .9124755.79675112 1.6561889 1.77882656 1.6561889l16.91732424.0125122h.0061826c.6423771 0 1.2600241-.2499389 1.6985294-.6937409.3829381-.3874969.5991372-.8937834.5991372-1.4249419v-16.9810486zm1.6872792 14.0997314h-14v-1h14zm0-3h-14v-1h14zm0-3h-14v-1h14zm0-3h-14v-1h14z"/> </g> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-modal-close" viewBox="0 0 24 24"> <title>Modal Close Icon</title> <path d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"/><path d="M14.59 8L12 10.59 9.41 8 8 9.41 10.59 12 8 14.59 9.41 16 12 13.41 14.59 16 16 14.59 13.41 12 16 9.41 14.59 8zM12 2C6.47 2 2 6.47 2 12s4.47 10 10 10 10-4.47 10-10S17.53 2 12 2zm0 18c-4.41 0-8-3.59-8-8s3.59-8 8-8 8 3.59 8 8-3.59 8-8 8z"/> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-guide-search" viewBox="0 0 24 24"> <title>Guide Search Icon</title> <path d="M15.5 14h-.79l-.28-.27C15.41 12.59 16 11.11 16 9.5 16 5.91 13.09 3 9.5 3S3 5.91 3 9.5 5.91 16 9.5 16c1.61 0 3.09-.59 4.23-1.57l.27.28v.79l5 4.99L20.49 19l-4.99-5zm-6 0C7.01 14 5 11.99 5 9.5S7.01 5 9.5 5 14 7.01 14 9.5 11.99 14 9.5 14z"/><path d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"/> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-carousel-next" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M8.59 16.59 13.17 12 8.59 7.41 10 6l6 6-6 6-1.41-1.41z"/></symbol> <symbol id="icon-carousel-prev" viewBox="0 0 24 24"> <path d="M15.41 16.59 10.83 12l4.58-4.59L14 6l-6 6 6 6 1.41-1.41z"/> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-person" width="22" height="28" viewBox="0 0 22 28"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M5.00005 6C5.00005 4.4087 5.63219 2.88258 6.75741 1.75736C7.88262 0.632141 9.40875 0 11 0C12.5913 0 14.1175 0.632141 15.2427 1.75736C16.3679 2.88258 17 4.4087 17 6C17 7.5913 16.3679 9.11742 15.2427 10.2426C14.1175 11.3679 12.5913 12 11 12C9.40875 12 7.88262 11.3679 6.75741 10.2426C5.63219 9.11742 5.00005 7.5913 5.00005 6ZM0.00137991 24.8067C0.0463403 21.9193 1.2249 19.1654 3.28266 17.1394C5.34042 15.1135 8.11233 13.9779 11 13.9779C13.8878 13.9779 16.6597 15.1135 18.7174 17.1394C20.7752 19.1654 21.9538 21.9193 21.9987 24.8067C22.0022 25.001 21.9489 25.1922 21.8454 25.3568C21.7419 25.5214 21.5927 25.6522 21.416 25.7333C18.1483 27.2316 14.5949 28.0049 11 28C7.28538 28 3.75605 27.1893 0.584047 25.7333C0.407361 25.6522 0.258147 25.5214 0.154663 25.3568C0.0511784 25.1922 -0.00208841 25.001 0.00137991 24.8067Z" /> </symbol> </svg> <a href="#main-landmark" class="skip-link">Skip to content</a> <div class="siteheader show"> <div class="siteheader--main"> <div class="siteheader__inner container" role="navigation" aria-label="Top"> <a href="https://www.finehomebuilding.com" aria-label="Fine Home Building Logo" class="siteheader__logo"> <svg class="svg-logo"> <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#fhb-brand-logo"></use> </svg> </a>  <div class="siteheader__search"> <form action="https://www.finehomebuilding.com"> <div class="embed-submit"> <input class="embed-submit__textfield" type="text" placeholder="Search" name="s" aria-label="Search"> <button type="submit" class="embed-submit__submit" value="Search"> <svg class="svg-icon"> <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#main-nav-search"></use> </svg> <span class="sr-only">Search</span> </button> </div> </form> </div>  <div class="membership-button__wrap"> <a class="membership-button constant" href="https://subscribe.finehomebuilding.com/FHB_print?pk=W20094FS&returnURL=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.finehomebuilding.com%2F2024%2F11%2F11%2Fpassive-house-3-0&ref=fhb-nav-btn" id="nav-subscribe-btn" data-subscribe="Header">Subscribe</a> </div> <span class="siteheader__menu"> <button class="hamburger hamburger--slider" type="button" aria-label="Open Main Menu" aria-expanded="false"> <label class="siteheader__menu__label">Main Menu</label> <span class="hamburger-box" aria-hidden="true"> <span class="hamburger-inner"></span> </span> </button> </span>  <div class="siteheader__account-panel--mobile"> <a href="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/user/login?return_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.finehomebuilding.com%2F2024%2F11%2F11%2Fpassive-house-3-0" rel="nofollow" data-gtm-ui="login" data-gtm-section="account panel" class="account-panel__button account-panel__button--none"> <span class="sr-only">Log In</span> <svg class="svg-icon"> <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-person"></use> </svg> </a> </div> </div>  </div> <div class="siteheader--secondary"> <nav class="siteheader__inner container" role="navigation" aria-label="Sub"> <ul class="subnav subnav--topics"> <li><a href="/howto">How-To</a></li> <li><a href="/design">Design</a></li> <li><a href="/tools-materials">Tools & Materials</a></li> <li><a href="/old-house-journal">Restoration</a></li> <li><a href="/videos">Videos</a></li> <li><a href="/blogs">Blogs</a></li> <li><a href="/discussion-forum">Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/magazine">Magazine</a></li> <li class="subnav--only-large"><a href="/members">Members</a></li> <li class="subnav--only-large"><a href="/fhb-house">FHB House</a></li> <li class="subnav--only-large"><a href="/blog/fine-homebuilding-podcast">Podcast</a></li> </ul> <div class="siteheader__account-panel"> <a href="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/user/login?return_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.finehomebuilding.com%2F2024%2F11%2F11%2Fpassive-house-3-0" rel="nofollow" data-gtm-ui="login" data-gtm-section="account panel" class="account-panel__button account-panel__button--small account-panel__button--ghost account-panel__button--login">Log In</a> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="page-wrap" id="subnav-waypoint" role="main"> <span id="sticky-header-landmark" aria-hidden="true"></span> <div class="dfp-ad leaderboard top-spot" data-dfp-id="dfp-leaderboard-1"><div class="inner container"><div id="dfp-leaderboard-1"></div></div></div> <div id="main-landmark"> <div class="js-image-zoom-wrapper"> <div class="article__wrap container"> <div class="gs-article-grid"> <div class="article__content--main gs-article-grid__content--main"> <div class="article__top"> <div class="article__origin__wrap"> <a href="design">Design</a> </div> <h1 class="article__title" id="article__title">Passive House 3.0</h1> <h2 class="article__subtitle">With improved energy codes and more clean electricity coming online, the Phius program is leaning into comfort, durability, resilience, and flexibility for designers and builders.</h2> <div class="article__attribution"> <div class="article__publish"> <span class="article__author">By <a href='https://www.finehomebuilding.com/author/josh-salinger'>Josh Salinger</a></span> <span class="article__pubdate issue-date"><a href='https://www.finehomebuilding.com/issue/2024/11/issue-328-dec-jan'>Issue 328 - Dec/Jan 2024</a></span>  </div> </div>   <ul class="article__social-links">  </ul> </div> <div class="article__body" id="article-body"> <script> if (window.performance) { performance.mark('taunton:articlebody:start'); } </script>  <figure class="article__image--main" aria-labelledby="article__title"> <img class="aspect-ratio-350-197" src="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/app/uploads/2024/11/01232838-passive-house-feature-700x394.jpg" srcset="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/app/uploads/2024/11/01232838-passive-house-feature-700x394.jpg 700w, https://www.finehomebuilding.com/app/uploads/2024/11/01232838-passive-house-feature-700x394.jpg 500w, https://www.finehomebuilding.com/app/uploads/2024/11/01232838-passive-house-feature-700x394.jpg 400w, https://www.finehomebuilding.com/app/uploads/2024/11/01232838-passive-house-feature-700x394.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px" width="700" height="394" fetchpriority="high" data-perf-preload-visibility="visible" data-perf-preload alt=""> <figcaption>The Evolution of a Passive House: Gone are the days of a one-size-fits-all passive building. Today, certified projects like this meet goals that relate to details such as a house’s specific location and form. Photo: Soobum Im, Ruum Media</figcaption></figure><div class="post__content"><p>Josh Salinger describes the evolution of the Phius standard, which adapts passive house design principles to diverse climates in North America, making energy efficiency more accessible without imposing excessive costs. Salinger points out that today’s passive buildings achieve high performance with less material and simpler designs, prioritizing healthy indoor air and resilience against environmental challenges. By integrating best practices in design and construction from the outset, builders can enhance the cost-effectiveness of passive houses, moving beyond outdated perceptions of complexity and expense.</p> <h2><span style="color: #206c2a;">The Passive House Problem</span></h2> <p>More and more frequently while speaking with building professionals, reading industry literature, and viewing product marketing materials, I am struck by how passive houses are held up as the pinnacle of residential construction—something for other homes to aspire to.</p> <p>This is great to see, yet there always tends to be a “but” following that statement. This hesitation comes from the perception of a passive house as necessarily containing superthick walls, a complicated origami of control layers, small windows, high-carbon materials, and—as a result—additional and unnecessary costs. And all of this is for the purpose of saving the last possible few Btus of operational energy.</p> <p>At my firm, <a href="https://birdsmouthpdx.com/who-we-are/about-us.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Birdsmouth Design-Build</a> in Portland, Ore., we have been building certified passive houses for almost 10 years. This type of building strikes our team as the best science-based approach to delivering high-quality and environmentally responsible buildings that our industry has come up with to date. I have seen firsthand how the passive house approach has evolved over time, and in my opinion, today there is little daylight between any high-quality home and a passive house.</p> <p>When I hear the aforementioned hesitation, it occurs to me that a lot of folks are stuck in an outdated understanding of a passive house. In North America, we’re now on what I’m calling “version 3.0” of the passive house building methodology. It’s time for our industry to shake the old image and move toward this modern version.</p> <table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; background-color: #e1eade;"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 100%;"> <h2><span style="color: #206c2a;">Passive Pioneers</span></h2> <p>The first certified passive house in North America, the Saskatchewan Conservation House, was built by a team of Canadian researchers in the late 1970s. In the 1990s, the next generation of passive building began with the Smith House in Urbana, Ill., and the BioHaus in Bemidji, Minn.</p> <p>These houses met their efficiency goals and inspired a new crop of designers and builders to take up the challenge of extremely low energy consumption. But they weren’t perfect. A common problem was overheating at certain times of the year. For passive houses to gain traction, designers and builders would need to dial in glazing details and mechanical systems. <em>Photos: courtesy of the author.</em></p> <p><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" class="size-medium wp-image-538878" src="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/app/uploads/2024/11/01232838-passive-house-1-700x394.jpg" alt="" width="700" height="394" srcset="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/app/uploads/2024/11/01232838-passive-house-1-700x394.jpg 700w, https://www.finehomebuilding.com/app/uploads/2024/11/01232838-passive-house-1-460x260.jpg 460w, https://www.finehomebuilding.com/app/uploads/2024/11/01232838-passive-house-1.jpg 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px" /></p> <p style="text-align: center;">Saskatchewan House</p> <p><img decoding="async" class="size-medium wp-image-538879" src="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/app/uploads/2024/11/01232838-passive-house-4-700x394.jpg" alt="" width="700" height="394" srcset="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/app/uploads/2024/11/01232838-passive-house-4-700x394.jpg 700w, https://www.finehomebuilding.com/app/uploads/2024/11/01232838-passive-house-4-460x260.jpg 460w, https://www.finehomebuilding.com/app/uploads/2024/11/01232838-passive-house-4.jpg 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px" /></p> <p style="text-align: center;">Smith House</p> <p><img decoding="async" class="size-medium wp-image-538880" src="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/app/uploads/2024/11/01232838-passive-house-2-700x394.jpg" alt="" width="700" height="394" srcset="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/app/uploads/2024/11/01232838-passive-house-2-700x394.jpg 700w, https://www.finehomebuilding.com/app/uploads/2024/11/01232838-passive-house-2-460x260.jpg 460w, https://www.finehomebuilding.com/app/uploads/2024/11/01232838-passive-house-2.jpg 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px" /></p> <p style="text-align: center;">BioHaus</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h2><span style="color: #206c2a;">Shared Goals</span></h2> <p>There are numerous certification sources for what I prefer to call “passive buildings”: the Passivhaus Institute (PHI), Phius (formerly an acronym for Passive House Institute U.S.), the Swiss Minergie standard, and still other variations, some of which have been adopted wholesale by European cities such as Brussels and countries such as Scotland.</p> <p>Calling them “passive buildings” not only works to encompass the different certification programs, but it also avoids limiting these buildings to just single-family houses, as passive techniques can be applied to multifamily, commercial, and institutional buildings too.</p> <p>The shared goal is to make our buildings healthier, more durable, more resilient, more comfortable, and more energy efficient through computer-modeled design, airtight construction, minimized thermal bridging, well-installed insulation, and balanced ventilation with heat recovery.</p> <h3><span style="color: #206c2a;">The Phius Standard</span></h3> <p>We work with the Phius standard, as we see it as the best fit for the diverse climate zones in North America, and this article is written through that lens. Ultimately, what really matters is a building’s impact on society, and our team appreciates that the Phius standard considers not just the site energy (what is read at the electric meter) but also the source energy, which includes all the losses of fuel procurement, electricity generation, and transmission—losses that total up to 70% of the original source energy.</p> <p>The Phius standard also considers the fact that the electric grid gets cleaner each year with the expansion of renewables. It has adjusted energy targets to be less stringent with successive iterations to account for this. That is a way to meet the carbon-reduction needs of society while not burdening contractors with extra costs for overly robust enclosures that a fixed standard would incur.</p> <p>Before we jump to today’s passive buildings, however, let’s back up several decades.</p> <h2><span style="color: #206c2a;">A Brief History</span></h2> <p>Passive building in North America started in earnest in Canada in the early 1970s at a time when energy costs were rapidly escalating and the United States faced an energy crisis with geopolitical roots. Although it unfortunately has a similar name to “passive solar building,” which started in the U.S. as early as the late 1930s, it is distinctly different.</p> <p>The first passive buildings employed a “light and tight” approach. Avoiding the large expanses of south-facing glass paired with thermal mass that passive solar building was known for, passive buildings favored light-framed walls with great attention to air-sealing and robust insulation.</p> <p>One of the earliest examples of this is the Saskatchewan Conservation House, which showed that this type of building was more effective and comfortable than the passive solar homes of the day. Designed and built by a team of Canadian researchers, the house was built with rigorous attention to air-sealing, superinsulated assemblies, triple-pane windows, and an HRV.</p> <p>It was said to use 85% less energy than average homes of the time. But several factors that arose in the 1980s, including cheap energy and a culture that celebrated consumption (remember the Reagan White House removing the rooftop solar panels installed by the Carter administration?), meant that the desire to build more-efficient homes lost momentum in the U.S. for about a decade.</p> <p>Meanwhile, in Europe, folks were paying attention to this type of building because of their own reliance on imported and expensive energy. They continued down the passive building path and improved upon it, which culminated with Wolfgang Feist’s creation of the first PHI Passivhaus in Darmstadt, Germany, in 1990.</p> <p>The next iteration of passive building—version 2.0—landed back in the U.S. in 2003 with the Smith House in Urbana, Ill., and the BioHaus Environmental Living Center in Bemidji, Minn. Although these houses included some technologies that did not prove to be the most effective—earth tubes for space heating and solar thermal water heating, for example—they proved the effectiveness of air-sealing, increased levels of insulation with a focus on mitigating thermal bridging, and strategic siting and glazing orientation.</p> <table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; background-color: #e1eade;"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 100%;"> <h2><span style="color: #206c2a;">Low Carbon, High Comfort</span></h2> <p>These clients approached us because they were interested in a high-quality, comfortable building that would have a minimal environmental impact. They hadn’t heard of passive building but were familiar with zero-energy building. After we explained the benefits a passive building would deliver, they were on board.</p> <p>They didn’t see the certification as onerous or expensive. They trusted us and our approach, and after living in the home for over a year now they are full-throated converts. The single-story, 2350-sq.-ft. home was designed with accessibility, low embodied carbon, zero-energy living, and high indoor air quality in mind. It has a concrete-free slab-on-grade foundation. Where we did use concrete, we ordered a 50% slag mix.</p> <p>Above grade, the house is all wood construction with no plastic. Where we needed rigid-foam insulation below grade, we used a low-GWP (global warming potential) XPS product. We used FSC-certified lumber throughout and wood-fiber exterior insulation.</p> <p>For the roof, we chose dropped parallel-chord trusses with a service cavity for running mechanicals within thermal and air boundaries. All the HVAC equipment is in conditioned space. The carbon impact, calculated with the BEAM calculator, was 47,438 kgCO2e—about 20% less than a typical build of this size. <em>Photos: Corey Terril, Ruum Media</em></p> <p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-538881" src="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/app/uploads/2024/11/01232838-passive-house-5-700x394.jpg" alt="" width="700" height="394" srcset="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/app/uploads/2024/11/01232838-passive-house-5-700x394.jpg 700w, https://www.finehomebuilding.com/app/uploads/2024/11/01232838-passive-house-5-460x260.jpg 460w, https://www.finehomebuilding.com/app/uploads/2024/11/01232838-passive-house-5.jpg 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px" /></p> <p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-538882" src="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/app/uploads/2024/11/01232838-passive-house-9-700x394.jpg" alt="" width="700" height="394" srcset="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/app/uploads/2024/11/01232838-passive-house-9-700x394.jpg 700w, https://www.finehomebuilding.com/app/uploads/2024/11/01232838-passive-house-9-460x260.jpg 460w, https://www.finehomebuilding.com/app/uploads/2024/11/01232838-passive-house-9.jpg 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px" /></p> <figure id="attachment_538883" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-538883" class="wp-caption alignnone"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="size-medium wp-image-538883" src="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/app/uploads/2024/11/01232838-passive-house-7-700x394.jpg" alt="" width="700" height="394" srcset="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/app/uploads/2024/11/01232838-passive-house-7-700x394.jpg 700w, https://www.finehomebuilding.com/app/uploads/2024/11/01232838-passive-house-7-460x260.jpg 460w, https://www.finehomebuilding.com/app/uploads/2024/11/01232838-passive-house-7.jpg 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px" /><figcaption id="caption-attachment-538883" class="wp-caption-text"><strong>Modern Mechanicals:</strong> The home uses the SanCO2 super-efficient CO2-based split heat-pump water heater, a 9000-Btu Mitsubishi heat pump, a Zehnder ERV, and an additional HEPA and carbon filtration system to remove VOCs for extremely good indoor air quality and year-round comfort.</figcaption></figure> <figure id="attachment_538884" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-538884" class="wp-caption alignnone"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="size-medium wp-image-538884" src="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/app/uploads/2024/11/01232838-passive-house-6-700x394.jpg" alt="" width="700" height="394" srcset="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/app/uploads/2024/11/01232838-passive-house-6-700x394.jpg 700w, https://www.finehomebuilding.com/app/uploads/2024/11/01232838-passive-house-6-460x260.jpg 460w, https://www.finehomebuilding.com/app/uploads/2024/11/01232838-passive-house-6.jpg 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px" /><figcaption id="caption-attachment-538884" class="wp-caption-text"><strong>Efficient Farmhouse:</strong> With its black-and-white color scheme and clean farmhouse charm, the home is an excellent example of one of today’s most popular styles. The European-style triple-pane Glo aluminum windows and doors, with a U-factor of 0.20, are probably a bit more efficient than the windows in your average modern farmhouse, though.</figcaption></figure> <p><figure id="attachment_538885" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-538885" class="wp-caption alignnone"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="size-medium wp-image-538885" src="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/app/uploads/2024/11/01232838-passive-house-8-700x394.jpg" alt="" width="700" height="394" srcset="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/app/uploads/2024/11/01232838-passive-house-8-700x394.jpg 700w, https://www.finehomebuilding.com/app/uploads/2024/11/01232838-passive-house-8-460x260.jpg 460w, https://www.finehomebuilding.com/app/uploads/2024/11/01232838-passive-house-8.jpg 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px" /><figcaption id="caption-attachment-538885" class="wp-caption-text"><strong>A Powerful Example:</strong> With the low operating–energy requirements of a passive building, it’s easy to reach zero energy or even to be a net-positive energy producer. This all-electric house has a 6.75kW rooftop solar PV system, battery storage, and EV charging systems.</figcaption></figure></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h2><span style="color: #206c2a;">The Backlash Begins</span></h2> <p>Since the standard being used in these second-generation passive buildings was originally based in central Europe, its landing on North American shores—with our widely varied climate zones—was not perfect. For instance, the BioHaus had 16-in.-thick EPS foam installed below the slab to meet the annual heating demand target in northern Minnesota.</p> <p>The Smith House had 12 in. of blown fiberglass with 4 in. of rigid insulation on the exterior walls. Many of the passive buildings of this vintage have similarly thick assemblies that required a lot of material to chase the standard. On top of this, there were frequent reports of these homes overheating in the summer, even in those northern climate zones. Also, the one-size-fits-all airtightness metric of 0.6 ACH50 tilted in favor of larger buildings, as this volumetric target made it difficult for small buildings to hit the airtightness goals.</p> <p>The pushback against the Passivhaus standard culminated in a few hard-hitting articles and presentations that questioned whether the requirements made sense in the U.S. One such presentation was given in 2011 in Olympia, Wash., by longtime Green Building Advisor and Fine Homebuilding editor <a href="https://www.greenbuildingadvisor.com/article/qa-with-martin-holladay" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>Martin Holladay</strong></a>, in which he put forth the seemingly sensible argument that we can save a lot more energy by installing 2 in. of rigid foam insulation under seven houses than by installing 14 in. under one house.</p> <h3><span style="color: #206c2a;">A Pretty Good House</span></h3> <p>On the other side of the continent in Portland, Maine, Dan Kolbert and Steve Konstantino held a meeting of local building professionals in 2011 to discuss building science and high-performance homes. In response to overly designed buildings, the conversations at these meetings were the seeds of a series of blog posts on GBA questioning the sensibility of such building standards, and they ultimately culminated in 2022 with the <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Pretty-Good-House-Michael-Maines/dp/1641551658/?tag=finehomebuild-20" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong><em>Pretty Good House</em> book</strong></a>.</p> <p>At around this same time, Katrin Klingenberg, the founder and executive director of Phius, who built the Smith House, began to question if one static standard made sense in North America. Her home was reaching temps of near 100°F in the summer, so clearly there was something amiss.</p> <p>Klingenberg said, “Using [the 2.0 version of] heating demand in California climates that have none was like building a fence sized for cows around chickens—lots of savings remained on the table.” Not to mention that the modeled vs. measured data of these projects was consistently off by 25% to 30%.</p> <p>Lisa White, the co-director and a technical lead for Phius, said, “In general, we have found that not making targets climate specific can lead to issues such as overheating and discomfort. This can also guide overinvestment in some measures, which may seem harmless but directly correlates to additional up-front emissions and could often be invested in other decarbonization strategies.” It is at this point in history where I believe a lot of people simply got stuck. But things weren’t done evolving.</p> <h2><span style="color: #206c2a;">Iterative Changes</span></h2> <p>In 2015, Klingenberg and her staff partnered with Building Science Corporation under a U.S. Department of Energy grant to create an affordable, climate-specific standard with passive building principles, which became known as the PHIUS+ 2015 Passive Building Standard. Thus began the era of passive building version 3.0.</p> <p>The goal was to correct the historical problems with passive buildings in North America by adjusting the size of the fence to fit the climate where the building was to be located. If the house was to be in the northern reaches of Minnesota, the “fence” would be bigger than if the house were in San Diego.</p> <h3><span style="color: #206c2a;">Keeping Up with Updates</span></h3> <p>Similar to how the International Residential Code (IRC) is updated every three years, the Phius protocol also kept changing with new information and feedback, which led to the PHIUS+ 2018 and Phius 2021 standards, and the current Phius 2024 standard.</p> <p>Each successive standard is corrected and adjusted with new information and insights, with the goal of creating the most cost-effective way to reach a zero-energy and zero-carbon built environment. Meanwhile, the International Energy Code Council has been making iterative changes in energy efficiency every three years.</p> <p>These codes end up in the IRC, and if you follow this progression, it points to the energy code reaching parity with passive building in about two or three more code cycles. If the energy code meets passive building levels, then what is the point of the standard?</p> <p>In one way, this would be great—mission accomplished! But passive building is primarily about durability, health, resiliency, and comfort—in that order. Energy efficiency is a happy side effect. As I have been prone to say, any knucklehead can build a zero-energy home, but it needs to be done so that it doesn’t rot and create mold and unhealthy indoor air quality.</p> <p>This is where the Phius standard and the robust building science behind it will likely continue to endure.</p> <table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; background-color: #e1eade;"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 100%;"> <h2><span style="color: #206c2a;">Resilience, Forever</span></h2> <p>This client hoped to build a forever home that would require little maintenance while being resilient enough to withstand the frequent power outages common to the rural area. The client, an engineer well versed in building science, thought a passive building would be overbuilt and expensive.</p> <p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-538887" src="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/app/uploads/2024/11/01232838-passive-house-10-700x394.jpg" alt="" width="700" height="394" srcset="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/app/uploads/2024/11/01232838-passive-house-10-700x394.jpg 700w, https://www.finehomebuilding.com/app/uploads/2024/11/01232838-passive-house-10-460x260.jpg 460w, https://www.finehomebuilding.com/app/uploads/2024/11/01232838-passive-house-10.jpg 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px" /></p> <p>I explained that an uncertified, high-quality home might have the same assemblies and systems as a passive building without the benefit of third-party quality control. He warmed to the idea, helped by the fact that we could pay for certification through incentives.</p> <figure id="attachment_538888" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-538888" class="wp-caption alignright"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="size-full wp-image-538888" src="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/app/uploads/2024/11/01232838-passive-house-13.jpg" alt="" width="530" height="800" /><figcaption id="caption-attachment-538888" class="wp-caption-text">Well Lit: The modern interior is lit with a variety of LED sources that contribute to the style, function, and energy efficiency of the home.</figcaption></figure> <p>The two-story, 2600-sq.-ft. home was built on a concrete-slab foundation insulated with 4 in. of low-GWP XPS foam. The wall assembly is 2×6 framing at 24 in. on-center with dense-pack cellulose insulation. The ZIP System sheathing is covered on the exterior with 1-1⁄2 in. of cork insulation.</p> <p>Both cellulose and cork are carbon-sequestering materials; cork also helped us achieve a fire-rated assembly (the home is in the wildland-urban interface). The truss roof is also insulated with cellulose—R-43 in the vaulted ceilings and R-60 in the flat ceilings.</p> <p>The innovative HVAC system was engineered by Energy Vanguard and combines a Minotair all-in-one ventilation, filtration, and heat-pump unit with auxiliary heating from a SanCO2 heat-pump water heater and a heat exchanger installed on the supply duct.</p> <p>A rooftop 8.4kW solar PV system gets the house to net-zero energy use annually. A standby generator provides uninterrupted power when the home is disconnected from the grid, which happens a few times each year.</p> <figure id="attachment_538890" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-538890" class="wp-caption alignnone"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="size-medium wp-image-538890" src="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/app/uploads/2024/11/01232838-passive-house-11-700x394.jpg" alt="" width="700" height="394" srcset="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/app/uploads/2024/11/01232838-passive-house-11-700x394.jpg 700w, https://www.finehomebuilding.com/app/uploads/2024/11/01232838-passive-house-11-460x260.jpg 460w, https://www.finehomebuilding.com/app/uploads/2024/11/01232838-passive-house-11.jpg 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px" /><figcaption id="caption-attachment-538890" class="wp-caption-text">Welcome Home: At the heart of the home’s inviting front entry are triple-pane, UPVC Innotech windows and doors with an average U-factor of 0.167.</figcaption></figure> <p><figure id="attachment_538891" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-538891" class="wp-caption alignnone"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="size-medium wp-image-538891" src="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/app/uploads/2024/11/01232838-passive-house-12-700x394.jpg" alt="" width="700" height="394" srcset="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/app/uploads/2024/11/01232838-passive-house-12-700x394.jpg 700w, https://www.finehomebuilding.com/app/uploads/2024/11/01232838-passive-house-12-460x260.jpg 460w, https://www.finehomebuilding.com/app/uploads/2024/11/01232838-passive-house-12.jpg 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px" /><figcaption id="caption-attachment-538891" class="wp-caption-text">Well Exhausted: Airtight homes need ventilation to keep indoor air healthy. The induction range is vented with a ducted hood fan. Demand-controlled makeup air ensures that the fan is functioning properly and that the system is not depressurizing the house. <em>Photos: Soobum Im, Ruum Media</em></figcaption></figure></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h2><span style="color: #206c2a;">Today’s Passive Building</span></h2> <p>Instead of fixed heating, cooling, and energy targets no matter where a building is located, and instead of a static 0.6-ACH50 airtightness metric no matter how big, small, or articulated a building may be, the latest Phius standard considers a number of factors that are entered into an online calculator to determine the heating, cooling, and source-energy targets.</p> <p>The airtightness metric is no longer a volumetric measurement but is instead a ratio of enclosure area to leakage. This equalizes all buildings, large and small, as it becomes a percentage of allowable leakage. Simply enter the type of building, be it residential or commercial; the form of the building (a ratio of enclosure area vs. conditioned floor area); the number of dwelling units; the number of bedrooms; and the exact geolocation of the project, typically determined by the nearest weather station. The calculator then spits out custom heating and cooling targets per conditioned square foot and the allowable amount of source energy per person per year.</p> <h3><span style="color: #206c2a;">Tangible Change</span></h3> <p>This is all pretty technical stuff, but in terms of real-world impact, we can now determine where another 1/2 in. of insulation isn’t worth the cost, resulting in a building designed to hit the elusive intersection of energy efficiency and cost-effectiveness. Our team’s last three certified projects illustrate this point well when compared to the passive buildings that were produced in the 2010s.</p> <p>Instead of 16-in.-thick walls, we’ve been regularly meeting project goals with 2×6 walls with 2 in. of exterior insulation. The revised airtightness requirement for these roughly 2500-sq.-ft. buildings is closer to 1 ACH50, which we’ve been able to hit without difficulty.</p> <p>Ultimately, a passive building delivers comfort, durability, and healthy indoor air. It offers resilience against cold snaps and their associated frozen pipes and water damage, and against heat domes with their terrible effects on at-risk communities. It also delivers comfortable interiors that keep people from throttling their thermostats, and therefore fosters energy efficiency.</p> <p>This is done with energy modeling, airtight enclosures, mitigated thermal bridges, high-quality insulation, and balanced fresh air delivered with heat recovery. What I just described is no different from a high-performance house or a Pretty Good House.</p> <p>You wouldn’t slope the grade toward the house, skip kickout flashings, or not use a fully ventilated rainscreen—these are all best practices. Quality is delivered through best practices, and passive buildings are simply a collection of best practices from design through building and commissioning.</p> <p>The good news is that the program has also evolved to be easier to work with. There are now mature passive building organizations, great opportunities for training and education, high-performance products and mechanicals, and readily available air-sealing and assembly details, along with a burgeoning knowledge base in the industry that is willing to share tips and lessons learned.</p> <h2><span style="color: #206c2a;">Real-World Examples</span></h2> <p>The absolutely critical key to unlocking cost-effectiveness in passive building is to start with this methodology in mind during design. Ideally this is done with a design-build approach, but at a minimum it includes the entire team at the table from the beginning: the architect, the builder, the energy modeler, the engineer, and the mechanical contractor/consultant. To take any old design and try to wedge it into passive building compliance is a fool’s errand and will simply perpetuate the idea that this type of building is expensive.</p> <p>Aesthetics are important. After all, an ugly building won’t be cherished or maintained and may even be taken down before its lifespan has come to pass. With good design, aesthetics and performance can be complementary. The passive building shown above is a good example.</p> <h3><span style="color: #206c2a;">Making Energy Efficiency Look Good</span></h3> <p>The goal with this home was to create a simple thermal enclosure but maintain a compelling aesthetic. It is simply a box with one top corner clipped off. But look at the finished home and you will see a garage that is set back from the main home’s massing, two separate elevations for the roofline, a covered front porch, plenty of windows, and a balcony overlooking the river.</p> <p>This home was affordable for our clients, responded to the site, met the clients’ aesthetic wishes, and generates zero energy bills. Because it is in the <a href="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/2024/09/10/designed-for-wildfire-country"><strong>wildlife-urban interface (WUI)</strong></a>, the home also has fire-resilient materials, including 11/2 in. of Class-A fire-rated cork exterior insulation over a 2×6 wall.</p> <p>We were curious if the home would have met the Phius standard without any exterior insulation and just a 2×6 sheathed wall, so we modeled it; with an upgraded window package, it would have. The home is in a Goldilocks climate zone (4C), but with good design the premium doesn’t need to be excessive by any means.</p> <p>Another one of our passive buildings, shown above, is similar in that the client’s goal was a modern farmhouse aesthetic with a single-story, aging-in-place design. We were able to simplify the footprint of the home and embellish it with gable trusses set perpendicular and offset from one another with an attached breezeway and garage to create interest while leaving the thermal enclosure as a simple “T” shape.</p> <p>This resulted in a 2×6 wall with 2 in. of exterior insulation. This house needed only a 9000-Btu heat pump to keep it at 70°F on the coldest day of the year and was able to withstand a two-day power outage during an ice storm while maintaining full use of the home’s functionality due to battery backup power. This demonstrates resilience in action.</p> <table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; background-color: #e1eade;"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 100%;"> <h2><span style="color: #206c2a;">Doable Details</span></h2> <p>If passive building programs are known for one thing, it is their high expectations for air-sealing. And even with a more flexible target for today’s Phius-certified houses, airtight construction still is part of the program. Once you get your head wrapped around a few important details, however, it’s just not that hard.</p> <p>Two places where houses tend to have big air leaks are where the concrete foundation meets wood framing, and where walls meet the roof. In these locations, we have adopted foolproof details that are common in passive buildings. Simple and quick solutions like these can put a house within striking distance of the Phius airtightness metric.</p> <p>We have been doing this for so long that it has just become a part of our muscle memory, and we consistently hit the airtightness goals on our first blower-door test without feeling like we have put much effort into it. <em>Photos: courtesy of the author.</em></p> <table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%;"> <p><figure id="attachment_538894" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-538894" class="wp-caption alignnone"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="wp-image-538894" src="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/app/uploads/2024/11/01232838-passive-house-14.jpg" alt="" width="450" height="679" /><figcaption id="caption-attachment-538894" class="wp-caption-text"><strong>At the Foundation:</strong> Since we typically use taped structural sheathing as the primary exterior air barrier, we can simply bridge the gap from the framing to the foundation with more tape. Siga Fentrim is a really great product that sticks tenaciously to both materials.</figcaption></figure></td> <td style="width: 50%;"> <p><figure id="attachment_538895" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-538895" class="wp-caption alignnone"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="wp-image-538895" src="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/app/uploads/2024/11/01232838-passive-house-15.jpg" alt="" width="450" height="679" /><figcaption id="caption-attachment-538895" class="wp-caption-text"><strong>At the Top Plate:</strong> We need to connect the air barrier on the walls (often taped sheathing on the exterior) to the interior air barrier at the ceiling (often a membrane like the Siga product shown here). We use a piece of Siga Majvest—most housewraps or similar membranes will work—carried over the top plate before trusses are installed and then taped to the wall and ceiling air barrier.</figcaption></figure></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h2><span style="color: #206c2a;">Incentives Can Cover Costs</span></h2> <p>Of course, certification with any program has costs. But these costs bring value and often come with incentives through federal, state, local, or utility programs. There are numerous states that offer incentives for certifying a passive building. Here in Oregon, we were able to capture almost $11,000 of incentives for the house.</p> <p>The certification fees were a little over $3000, and we spent a total of 32 hours of back and forth with Phius during the certification process, which totaled almost $4000. So, we came out ahead by close to $4000 on this project.</p> <p>Certification has other benefits. As a prerequisite, Phius requires compliance with the U.S. DOE’s Zero Energy Ready Homes program, the WaterSense program, the Indoor Air Plus program, and the Energy Star program. All these programs are intended for the final occupant’s health and safety while being energy and water efficient.</p> <h3><span style="color: #206c2a;">Performance-Based Standards</span></h3> <p>We don’t just want to boast to our clients that we are building the highest-quality home possible. We want to have a third party check our work at various stages during the design and building process to prove it and hold us accountable.</p> <p>One of the great things about passive building is that it is a performance-based standard, meaning that we can build it however we want, but it must be tested to prove it meets the targets. I really haven’t had a hard time selling this to clients within that framework, especially since we offer to cover the costs of certification, as we know we will be getting the money back and then some through the local incentive programs.</p> <h3><span style="color: #206c2a;">Ever-Evolving</span></h3> <p>It is also true that passive building has a learning curve. Paul Eldrenkamp, the founder of Byggmeister Design-Build in Newton, Mass., has said, “There are two types of passive house projects: your first one, and all the rest.” I couldn’t have found this to be more true.</p> <p>Now that the last five homes we have built have been certified to the Phius standard, our field staff has internalized this way of building and often questions what was so hard about it the first time. At this point it has become just building for them.</p> <p>We have found that once you learn how to do something right, and if you are a reasonable human, you cannot go backward and do things you know to be wrong. It is time for us to move forward as an industry and jettison this antiquated idea of what a passive building is. As Yogi Berra once said, “The future is not what it used to be.”</p> <p><em>— Josh Salinger is the owner of Birdsmouth Design-Build in Portland, Ore.</em></p> <p>From <em>Fine Homebuilding</em> 328</p> <p><strong>RELATED STORIES</strong></p> <ul> <li><strong><a href="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/project-guides/insulation/what-are-passive-houses">What Are Passive Houses?</a></strong></li> <li><strong><a href="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/project-guides/energy-retrofit/cost-effective-passive-houses">Cost-Effective Passive Houses</a></strong></li> <li><strong><a href="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/project-guides/energy-retrofit/passive-house-standards-for-everyone">Passive-House Standards for Everyone</a></strong></li> </ul> <section class="tcc-recommended" arial-labelledby="tcc-recommended-products"> <p class="tcc-recommended__title" id="tcc-recommended-products">Fine Homebuilding Recommended Products</p> <p class="tcc-recommended__disclaimer">Fine Homebuilding receives a commission for items purchased through links on this site, including Amazon Associates and other affiliate advertising programs.</p> <div class="tcc-recommended__content"> <section class="tcc-recommended-product" data-product_id="533016" aria-labelledby="tcc-get-your-house-right-architectural-elements-to-use-avoid"> <div class="tcc-recommended-product__content"> <div class="tcc-recommended-product__image"> <img src="https://d4c5gb8slvq7w.cloudfront.net/eyJlZGl0cyI6eyJyZXNpemUiOnsid2lkdGgiOjE1MCwiaGVpZ2h0IjoxNTB9fSwiYnVja2V0IjoiZmluZWhvbWVidWlsZGluZy5zMy50YXVudG9uY2xvdWQuY29tIiwia2V5IjoiYXBwXC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDI0XC8wN1wvMTgxMzA0MzZcLzAxMi1GSEItZUNvbW0tUHJvZHVjdC00LmpwZyJ9" srcset="https://d4c5gb8slvq7w.cloudfront.net/eyJlZGl0cyI6eyJyZXNpemUiOnsid2lkdGgiOjE1MCwiaGVpZ2h0IjoxNTB9fSwiYnVja2V0IjoiZmluZWhvbWVidWlsZGluZy5zMy50YXVudG9uY2xvdWQuY29tIiwia2V5IjoiYXBwXC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDI0XC8wN1wvMTgxMzA0MzZcLzAxMi1GSEItZUNvbW0tUHJvZHVjdC00LmpwZyJ9 150w, https://d4c5gb8slvq7w.cloudfront.net/eyJlZGl0cyI6eyJyZXNpemUiOnsid2lkdGgiOjEwMCwiaGVpZ2h0IjoxMDB9fSwiYnVja2V0IjoiZmluZWhvbWVidWlsZGluZy5zMy50YXVudG9uY2xvdWQuY29tIiwia2V5IjoiYXBwXC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDI0XC8wN1wvMTgxMzA0MzZcLzAxMi1GSEItZUNvbW0tUHJvZHVjdC00LmpwZyJ9 100w" sizes="(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px" alt="" width="250" height="250" /> </div> <div class="tcc-recommended-product__info"> <p class="tcc-recommended-product__title" id="tcc-get-your-house-right-architectural-elements-to-use-avoid">Get Your House Right: Architectural Elements to Use & Avoid</p> <div class="tcc-recommended-product__desc">If you are designing or remodeling a traditional home and want to make sure that you get all the finish details right, this book is for you. Marianne’s drawings are illustrative, covering every aspect of interior and exterior finishes.</div> <div class="tcc-recommended-product__links"> <a class="tcc-recommended-product__link tcc-recommended-product__link--primary" href="https://www.amazon.com/Get-Your-House-Right-Architectural/dp/1402791038/?tag=fhb_1001-20">Buy at Amazon</a> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="tcc-recommended-product" data-product_id="532212" aria-labelledby="tcc-nitrile-work-gloves"> <div class="tcc-recommended-product__content"> <div class="tcc-recommended-product__image"> <img src="https://d4c5gb8slvq7w.cloudfront.net/eyJlZGl0cyI6eyJyZXNpemUiOnsid2lkdGgiOjE1MCwiaGVpZ2h0IjoxNTB9fSwiYnVja2V0IjoiZmluZWhvbWVidWlsZGluZy5zMy50YXVudG9uY2xvdWQuY29tIiwia2V5IjoiYXBwXC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDI0XC8wN1wvMTgxMzM3NDdcLzAxMi1GSEItZUNvbW0tUHJvZHVjdC01OS5qcGcifQ==" srcset="https://d4c5gb8slvq7w.cloudfront.net/eyJlZGl0cyI6eyJyZXNpemUiOnsid2lkdGgiOjE1MCwiaGVpZ2h0IjoxNTB9fSwiYnVja2V0IjoiZmluZWhvbWVidWlsZGluZy5zMy50YXVudG9uY2xvdWQuY29tIiwia2V5IjoiYXBwXC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDI0XC8wN1wvMTgxMzM3NDdcLzAxMi1GSEItZUNvbW0tUHJvZHVjdC01OS5qcGcifQ== 150w, https://d4c5gb8slvq7w.cloudfront.net/eyJlZGl0cyI6eyJyZXNpemUiOnsid2lkdGgiOjEwMCwiaGVpZ2h0IjoxMDB9fSwiYnVja2V0IjoiZmluZWhvbWVidWlsZGluZy5zMy50YXVudG9uY2xvdWQuY29tIiwia2V5IjoiYXBwXC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDI0XC8wN1wvMTgxMzM3NDdcLzAxMi1GSEItZUNvbW0tUHJvZHVjdC01OS5qcGcifQ== 100w" sizes="(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px" alt="" width="250" height="250" /> </div> <div class="tcc-recommended-product__info"> <p class="tcc-recommended-product__title" id="tcc-nitrile-work-gloves">Nitrile Work Gloves</p> <div class="tcc-recommended-product__desc">Do yourself a favor and protect your hands while you work. These lightweight, breathable work gloves will keep your hands safe while cutting and fitting.</div> <div class="tcc-recommended-product__links"> <a class="tcc-recommended-product__link tcc-recommended-product__link--primary" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B074XCXVCM/?coliid=I3PE1ORM71Y4V9&colid=2JSNUFIPRYIIA&psc=1&tag=fhb_1001-20">Buy at Amazon</a> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="tcc-recommended-product" data-product_id="532214" aria-labelledby="tcc-disposable-suit"> <div class="tcc-recommended-product__content"> <div class="tcc-recommended-product__image"> <img src="https://d4c5gb8slvq7w.cloudfront.net/eyJlZGl0cyI6eyJyZXNpemUiOnsid2lkdGgiOjE1MCwiaGVpZ2h0IjoxNTB9fSwiYnVja2V0IjoiZmluZWhvbWVidWlsZGluZy5zMy50YXVudG9uY2xvdWQuY29tIiwia2V5IjoiYXBwXC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDI0XC8wN1wvMTgxMzI5MTdcLzAxMi1GSEItZUNvbW0tUHJvZHVjdC0yMS5qcGcifQ==" srcset="https://d4c5gb8slvq7w.cloudfront.net/eyJlZGl0cyI6eyJyZXNpemUiOnsid2lkdGgiOjE1MCwiaGVpZ2h0IjoxNTB9fSwiYnVja2V0IjoiZmluZWhvbWVidWlsZGluZy5zMy50YXVudG9uY2xvdWQuY29tIiwia2V5IjoiYXBwXC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDI0XC8wN1wvMTgxMzI5MTdcLzAxMi1GSEItZUNvbW0tUHJvZHVjdC0yMS5qcGcifQ== 150w, https://d4c5gb8slvq7w.cloudfront.net/eyJlZGl0cyI6eyJyZXNpemUiOnsid2lkdGgiOjEwMCwiaGVpZ2h0IjoxMDB9fSwiYnVja2V0IjoiZmluZWhvbWVidWlsZGluZy5zMy50YXVudG9uY2xvdWQuY29tIiwia2V5IjoiYXBwXC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDI0XC8wN1wvMTgxMzI5MTdcLzAxMi1GSEItZUNvbW0tUHJvZHVjdC0yMS5qcGcifQ== 100w" sizes="(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px" alt="" width="250" height="250" /> </div> <div class="tcc-recommended-product__info"> <p class="tcc-recommended-product__title" id="tcc-disposable-suit">Disposable Suit</p> <div class="tcc-recommended-product__desc">This suit provides full body protection to help you stay clean from head to toe when installing insulation. We recommend wearing sweats underneath for additional coverage.</div> <div class="tcc-recommended-product__links"> <a class="tcc-recommended-product__link tcc-recommended-product__link--primary" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00JZZTMGY/?coliid=I1K161IDQPPBDE&colid=2JSNUFIPRYIIA&psc=1&tag=fhb_1001-20">Buy at Amazon</a> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </section></div> <div class="inline-email-form">  <div class="email_subscribe__copy"> <p class="message">Sign up for eletters today and get the latest how-to from Fine Homebuilding, plus special offers.</p> </div> <div class="email_subscribe__form embed-submit"> <form class="email-subscribe-form" data-source="FHB_INLINE" data-placement="FHB_INLINE" data-email_sub_products="19|41|21" data-email_subscribe_nonce="cbcae324be" > <div class="formfield"> <input class="embed-submit__textfield" name="email" type="email" autocomplete="email" placeholder="Email Address" aria-label="Email Address" /> </div> <div> <button class="embed-submit__submit" type="submit">Sign Up</button> <p class="loading-message">Signing you up...</p> </div> <div class="recaptchaDisclaimer"> This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google <a href="https://policies.google.com/privacy">Privacy Policy</a> and <a href="https://policies.google.com/terms">Terms of Service</a> apply. </div> <a class="email_subscribe__form_link eu-link" href="/pages/newsletter-signup?ref=EUsignup" target="_blank">See all newsletters</a> <div class="all-newsletters"> <a class="email_subscribe__form_link all-newsletters" href="/pages/newsletter-signup?ref=FHB_INLINE" target="_blank">See all newsletters</a> </div> </form> </div> </div>  <div class="article__cta fhb-newsletter"> <span class="js-close article__cta__close">×</span>  <div class="email_subscribe__copy"> <p class="message">Get home building tips, offers, and expert advice in your inbox</p> </div> <div class="email_subscribe__form embed-submit"> <form class="email-subscribe-form" data-source="FHB_rrail" data-placement="FHB_rrail" data-email_sub_products="19|41|21" data-email_subscribe_nonce="cbcae324be" > <div class="formfield"> <input class="embed-submit__textfield" name="email" type="email" autocomplete="email" placeholder="Email Address" aria-label="Email Address" /> </div> <div> <button class="embed-submit__submit" type="submit">Sign Up</button> <p class="loading-message">Signing you up...</p> </div> <div class="recaptchaDisclaimer"> This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google <a href="https://policies.google.com/privacy">Privacy Policy</a> and <a href="https://policies.google.com/terms">Terms of Service</a> apply. </div> <a class="email_subscribe__form_link eu-link" href="/pages/newsletter-signup?ref=EUsignup" target="_blank">See all newsletters</a> <div class="all-newsletters"> <a class="email_subscribe__form_link all-newsletters" href="/pages/newsletter-signup?ref=FHB_rrail" target="_blank">See all newsletters</a> </div> </form> </div> </div>     </div>  <div class="module--forum-promo"> <a class="module--forum-promo__link" href="/discussion-forum"> <div class="module--forum-promo__text"> <p class="module--forum-promo__label">New Feature</p> <h2 class="module--forum-promo__title">Fine Homebuilding Forums</h2> <h3 class="module--forum-promo__subtitle">Ask questions, offer advice, and share your work </h3> </div> </a> </div> <div class="article__reactions">  <div class="article__share"> <ul class="article__social-links">  </ul> </div>  <button class="article__comments-trigger">No comments yet</button> </div>  <script> if (window.performance) { performance.mark('taunton:articlebody:end'); performance.measure('taunton:articlebody', 'taunton:articlebody:start', 'taunton:articlebody:end'); } </script> </div>   <div class="article__content--secondary gs-article-grid__content--secondary gs-column-flex">  <div class="dfp-ad rectangle" data-dfp-id="dfp-rectangle-1"><div class="inner container"><div id="dfp-rectangle-1"></div></div></div>     <div class="dfp-ad rectangle rf-rectangle-pin-middle" data-dfp-id="dfp-rectangle-desktop-extra"><div class="inner container"><div id="dfp-rectangle-desktop-extra"></div></div></div> <div class="dfp-ad rectangle rf-rectangle-pin-bottom" data-dfp-id="dfp-rectangle-2"><div class="inner container"><div id="dfp-rectangle-2"></div></div></div> </div>  </div> </div>   <script> if (window.performance) { performance.mark('taunton:comments:start'); } </script>  <div class="comments"> <div class="comments__cta" id="respond"> <h2>Log in or create an account to post a comment.</h2> <a class="comments__cta__signup" href="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/user/login?return_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.finehomebuilding.com%2F2024%2F11%2F11%2Fpassive-house-3-0" rel="nofollow">Sign up</a> <a class="comments__cta__login" href="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/user/login?return_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.finehomebuilding.com%2F2024%2F11%2F11%2Fpassive-house-3-0" rel="nofollow" >Log in</a> <h3><a href="https://subscribe.finehomebuilding.com/FHB_trial?pk=W20120FS&returnURL=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.finehomebuilding.com%2F2024%2F11%2F11%2Fpassive-house-3-0&ref=fhb-comments-login" data-freetrial="Comments Login">Become a member</a> and get full access to FineHomebuilding.com</h3> </div> </div> <script> if (window.performance) { performance.mark('taunton:comments:end'); performance.measure('taunton:comments', 'taunton:comments:start', 'taunton:comments:end'); } </script> </div> <div class="dfp-ad leaderboard" data-dfp-id="dfp-leaderboard-2"><div class="inner container"><div id="dfp-leaderboard-2"></div></div></div><div class="branded-blog-topic container"> </div>    <div class="suggested-content container"> <div class="suggested-content__header"> <h1 class="suggested-content__heading">Up Next</h1> </div>  <div class="module--firework container"> <h1 class="module__heading">Video Shorts</h1> <div class="module--firework__content"> <div class="module--firework__carousel"> <fw-embed-feed channel="finehomebuilding" playlist="5R7K8o" mode="row" open_in="default" max_videos="12" placement="middle" branding="false"></fw-embed-feed> </div> <div class="dfp-ad rectangle" data-dfp-id="dfp-rectangle-firework"><div class="inner container"><div id="dfp-rectangle-firework"></div></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="suggested-content--primary"> <div class="suggested-content__featured"> <h3 class="suggested-content__type">Featured Story</h3> <a href="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/2024/11/22/fhb-podcast-segment-building-science-careers-and-educational-opportunities"> <div class="suggested-content__image"> <img width="460" height="260" src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/finehomebuilding.s3.tauntoncloud.com/app/uploads/2024/11/22130643/FHB-659-Podcast-Segment-Feature-1-thumb-16x9.jpg" class="attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image" alt="" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width: 500px) 100vw, (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (max-width: 1120px) 34vw, 355px" decoding="async" srcset="https://d4c5gb8slvq7w.cloudfront.net/eyJlZGl0cyI6eyJyZXNpemUiOnsid2lkdGgiOjUwMCwiaGVpZ2h0IjoyODN9fSwiYnVja2V0IjoiZmluZWhvbWVidWlsZGluZy5zMy50YXVudG9uY2xvdWQuY29tIiwia2V5IjoiYXBwXC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDI0XC8xMVwvMjIxMzA2NDNcL0ZIQi02NTktUG9kY2FzdC1TZWdtZW50LUZlYXR1cmUtMS10aHVtYi0xNng5LmpwZyJ9 500w, https://d4c5gb8slvq7w.cloudfront.net/eyJlZGl0cyI6eyJyZXNpemUiOnsid2lkdGgiOjQzNywiaGVpZ2h0IjoyNDd9fSwiYnVja2V0IjoiZmluZWhvbWVidWlsZGluZy5zMy50YXVudG9uY2xvdWQuY29tIiwia2V5IjoiYXBwXC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDI0XC8xMVwvMjIxMzA2NDNcL0ZIQi02NTktUG9kY2FzdC1TZWdtZW50LUZlYXR1cmUtMS10aHVtYi0xNng5LmpwZyJ9 437w, https://d4c5gb8slvq7w.cloudfront.net/eyJlZGl0cyI6eyJyZXNpemUiOnsid2lkdGgiOjM3NCwiaGVpZ2h0IjoyMTJ9fSwiYnVja2V0IjoiZmluZWhvbWVidWlsZGluZy5zMy50YXVudG9uY2xvdWQuY29tIiwia2V5IjoiYXBwXC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDI0XC8xMVwvMjIxMzA2NDNcL0ZIQi02NTktUG9kY2FzdC1TZWdtZW50LUZlYXR1cmUtMS10aHVtYi0xNng5LmpwZyJ9 374w, https://d4c5gb8slvq7w.cloudfront.net/eyJlZGl0cyI6eyJyZXNpemUiOnsid2lkdGgiOjI1MCwiaGVpZ2h0IjoxNDJ9fSwiYnVja2V0IjoiZmluZWhvbWVidWlsZGluZy5zMy50YXVudG9uY2xvdWQuY29tIiwia2V5IjoiYXBwXC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDI0XC8xMVwvMjIxMzA2NDNcL0ZIQi02NTktUG9kY2FzdC1TZWdtZW50LUZlYXR1cmUtMS10aHVtYi0xNng5LmpwZyJ9 250w" /> </div> <span class="suggested-content__title title">FHB Podcast Segment: Building Science Careers and Educational Opportunities</span> </a> <p>The FHB Podcast team weighs in on Building Science career questions.</p> </div>  <div class="suggested-content__video"> <h3 class="suggested-content__type">Featured Video</h3> <a href="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/project-guides/decks/micro-adjust-deck-baluster-spacing-for-eye-deceiving-layout"> <div class="video-overlay suggested-content__image" href="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/project-guides/decks/micro-adjust-deck-baluster-spacing-for-eye-deceiving-layout"> <img width="460" height="260" src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/finehomebuilding.s3.tauntoncloud.com/app/uploads/2019/09/16170841/Screen-Shot-2019-09-16-at-5.07.18-PM-thumb-16x9.png" class="attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image" alt="" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width: 500px) 100vw, (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (max-width: 1120px) 34vw, 355px" decoding="async" srcset="https://d4c5gb8slvq7w.cloudfront.net/eyJlZGl0cyI6eyJyZXNpemUiOnsid2lkdGgiOjUwMCwiaGVpZ2h0IjoyODN9fSwiYnVja2V0IjoiZmluZWhvbWVidWlsZGluZy5zMy50YXVudG9uY2xvdWQuY29tIiwia2V5IjoiYXBwXC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDE5XC8wOVwvMTYxNzA4NDFcL1NjcmVlbi1TaG90LTIwMTktMDktMTYtYXQtNS4wNy4xOC1QTS10aHVtYi0xNng5LnBuZyJ9 500w, https://d4c5gb8slvq7w.cloudfront.net/eyJlZGl0cyI6eyJyZXNpemUiOnsid2lkdGgiOjQzNywiaGVpZ2h0IjoyNDd9fSwiYnVja2V0IjoiZmluZWhvbWVidWlsZGluZy5zMy50YXVudG9uY2xvdWQuY29tIiwia2V5IjoiYXBwXC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDE5XC8wOVwvMTYxNzA4NDFcL1NjcmVlbi1TaG90LTIwMTktMDktMTYtYXQtNS4wNy4xOC1QTS10aHVtYi0xNng5LnBuZyJ9 437w, https://d4c5gb8slvq7w.cloudfront.net/eyJlZGl0cyI6eyJyZXNpemUiOnsid2lkdGgiOjM3NCwiaGVpZ2h0IjoyMTJ9fSwiYnVja2V0IjoiZmluZWhvbWVidWlsZGluZy5zMy50YXVudG9uY2xvdWQuY29tIiwia2V5IjoiYXBwXC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDE5XC8wOVwvMTYxNzA4NDFcL1NjcmVlbi1TaG90LTIwMTktMDktMTYtYXQtNS4wNy4xOC1QTS10aHVtYi0xNng5LnBuZyJ9 374w, https://d4c5gb8slvq7w.cloudfront.net/eyJlZGl0cyI6eyJyZXNpemUiOnsid2lkdGgiOjI1MCwiaGVpZ2h0IjoxNDJ9fSwiYnVja2V0IjoiZmluZWhvbWVidWlsZGluZy5zMy50YXVudG9uY2xvdWQuY29tIiwia2V5IjoiYXBwXC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDE5XC8wOVwvMTYxNzA4NDFcL1NjcmVlbi1TaG90LTIwMTktMDktMTYtYXQtNS4wNy4xOC1QTS10aHVtYi0xNng5LnBuZyJ9 250w" /> </div> <span class="suggested-content__title title">Micro-Adjust Deck-Baluster Spacing for an Eye-Deceiving Layout</span> </a> <p class="suggested-content__teaser">No math, no measuring—just a simple jig made from an elastic band is all you need to lay out a good-looking deck railing.</p> </div>  <div class="suggested-content__stories"> <h3 class="suggested-content__type">Related Stories</h3> <ul class="suggested-content__stories-list"> <li> <a href="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/2024/11/04/high-tech-batteries-and-more"> <div class="thumb__image"> <img loading="lazy" src="//www.finehomebuilding.com/app/uploads/2024/11/OHJ-102356-batteries-feature-1-thumb-1x1.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="300" > </div> <div class="thumb__text-block"> <span class="thumb__heading title">High-Tech Batteries and More</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/2024/11/01/fhb-podcast-segment-xps-insulation-on-basement-walls"> <div class="thumb__image"> <img loading="lazy" src="//www.finehomebuilding.com/app/uploads/2024/11/FHB-Pod-Segment-656-1.1-thumb-1x1.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="300" > </div> <div class="thumb__text-block"> <span class="thumb__heading title">FHB Podcast Segment: XPS Insulation on Basement Walls</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/2024/10/11/fhb-podcast-segment-is-there-a-right-spot-for-a-vapor-retarder-in-this-climate-zone"> <div class="thumb__image"> <img loading="lazy" src="//www.finehomebuilding.com/app/uploads/2024/10/FHB-Pod-Segment-653-Feature-Vapor-Barrier-thumb-1x1.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="300" > </div> <div class="thumb__text-block"> <span class="thumb__heading title">FHB Podcast Segment: Is There a 'Right' Spot for a Vapor Retarder in this Climate Zone?</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/2024/09/25/a-spray-foam-that-can-fill-wide-spaces"> <div class="thumb__image"> <img loading="lazy" src="//www.finehomebuilding.com/app/uploads/2024/09/012-Mark-Peterson-Great-Stuff-Wide-Spray-feature-thumb-1x1.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="300" > </div> <div class="thumb__text-block"> <span class="thumb__heading title">Wide Spray Foam... Finally!</span> </div> </a> </li> </ul> </div>  </div>  </div>   <div class="dfp-ad inread-ad" data-dfp-id="dfp-inread"><div class="inner container"><div id="dfp-inread"></div></div></div> <section class="question__community"> <div class="container"> <h1 class="module__heading">Discussion Forum</h1> <div class="module--recent-qa"> <h2 class="module--title">Recent Posts and Replies</h2> <div class="module--recent-qa__content"> <ul class="module--activity-list loading"> <li class="module--activity-list__item"> <a class="image"></a> <div class="copy"> <span class="module--activity-list__item__title"></span> <div class="module--activity-list__item__meta"> <span class="reply-count"></span> | <time></time> </div> </div> </li> <li class="module--activity-list__item"> <a class="image"></a> <div class="copy"> <span class="module--activity-list__item__title"></span> <div class="module--activity-list__item__meta"> <span class="reply-count"></span> | <time></time> </div> </div> </li> <li class="module--activity-list__item"> <a class="image"></a> <div class="copy"> <span class="module--activity-list__item__title"></span> <div class="module--activity-list__item__meta"> <span class="reply-count"></span> | <time></time> </div> </div> </li> <li class="module--activity-list__item"> <a class="image"></a> <div class="copy"> <span class="module--activity-list__item__title"></span> <div class="module--activity-list__item__meta"> <span class="reply-count"></span> | <time></time> </div> </div> </li> <li class="module--activity-list__item"> <a class="image"></a> <div class="copy"> <span class="module--activity-list__item__title"></span> <div class="module--activity-list__item__meta"> <span class="reply-count"></span> | <time></time> </div> </div> </li> <li class="module--activity-list__item"> <a class="image"></a> <div class="copy"> <span class="module--activity-list__item__title"></span> <div class="module--activity-list__item__meta"> <span class="reply-count"></span> | <time></time> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="module--activity-list__more"> <a class="community-btn--secondary" href="/discussion-forum/">View More</a> <a class="community-btn--secondary" href="/post/forum/">Create Post</a> </div> </div> </div> </section>   <div class="highlights container"> <h2 class="highlights__heading">Highlights</h2> <div class="highlights__list"> <div class="highlights__item highlight-box-1"> <div class="highlights__item-content"> <a class="image house-ad" href="https://subscribe.finehomebuilding.com/FHB_trial?pk=W20120FS&returnURL=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.finehomebuilding.com%2F2024%2F11%2F11%2Fpassive-house-3-0&ref=fh-highlight" data-freetrial="FHB Highlights"> <img loading="lazy" width="300" height="250" src="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/app/themes/finehomebuilding/dist/img/highlights/PROMO-635_FH_AA_300_250_mrec1_tag.jpg" alt="Fine Homebuilding All Access"> </a> </div> </div> <div class="highlights__item highlight-box-2" data-random="0"> <div class="highlights__item-content"> <a class="image house-ad" href="/blog/fine-homebuilding-podcast"> <img loading="lazy" width="300" height="250" src="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/app/themes/finehomebuilding/dist/img/highlights/PROMO-629_FHB_NewLogo_Updates_PODCAST-300x250.jpg" alt="Fine Homebuilding Podcast"> </a> </div> </div> <div class="highlights__item highlight-box-2" data-random="1"> <div class="highlights__item-content"> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.tauntonstore.com/gifts-for-home-builders.html?&source=W20447EM&sourcekey=W20447EM&utm_source=web&utm_campaign=holiday-2017&utm_content=holiday-highlight-module"> <div class="image"> <img loading="lazy" width="300" height="250" src="https://images.finehomebuilding.com/app/uploads/2017/11/22161242/MU8800_FH_highlight_module_340_192.jpg" alt="Tool Tech"> </div> <div class="copy"> <span class="title">Plus, get an extra 20% off with code GIFT20</span> </div> </a> </div> </div>  <div class="highlights__item highlight-box-3"> <div class="highlights__item-content"> <div class="copy"> <div class="highlights__quote"> <p>"I have learned so much thanks to the searchable articles on the FHB website. I can confidently say that I expect to be a life-long subscriber." - M.K.</p> </div> </div> <div class="highlights__form">  <div class="email_subscribe__copy"> <p class="message">Get home building tips, offers, and expert advice in your inbox</p> </div> <div class="email_subscribe__form embed-submit"> <form class="email-subscribe-form" data-source="FHB_hlight" data-placement="FHB_hlight" data-email_sub_products="19|41|21" data-email_subscribe_nonce="cbcae324be" > <div class="formfield"> <input class="embed-submit__textfield" name="email" type="email" autocomplete="email" placeholder="Email Address" aria-label="Email Address" /> </div> <div> <button class="embed-submit__submit" type="submit">Sign Up</button> <p class="loading-message">Signing you up...</p> </div> <div class="recaptchaDisclaimer"> This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google <a href="https://policies.google.com/privacy">Privacy Policy</a> and <a href="https://policies.google.com/terms">Terms of Service</a> apply. </div> <a class="email_subscribe__form_link eu-link" href="/pages/newsletter-signup?ref=EUsignup" target="_blank">See all newsletters</a> <div class="all-newsletters"> <a class="email_subscribe__form_link all-newsletters" href="/pages/newsletter-signup?ref=FHB_hlight" target="_blank">See all newsletters</a> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="video__section"> <div class="container">  <div class="topic-content topic-content--videos"> <div class="header"> <h2 class="header__title">Video</h2> <a class="more-link" href="/section/video">View All<span class="sr-only"> Videos</span></a> </div>  <ul class="content__list gs-grid gs-gap gs-grid-cols-2 gs-grid-cols-4:mdlg"> <li> <a href="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/2024/01/24/adding-windows-siding-and-a-brick-lime-wash-coating"> <div class="image video-overlay"> <img width="460" height="260" src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/finehomebuilding.s3.tauntoncloud.com/app/uploads/2024/01/16100346/FHB-house-lime-wash-460x260.jpg" class="attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image" alt="" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width: 500px) 100vw, (max-width: 1120px) 25vw, 250px" decoding="async" srcset="https://d4c5gb8slvq7w.cloudfront.net/eyJlZGl0cyI6eyJyZXNpemUiOnsid2lkdGgiOjUwMCwiaGVpZ2h0IjoyODN9fSwiYnVja2V0IjoiZmluZWhvbWVidWlsZGluZy5zMy50YXVudG9uY2xvdWQuY29tIiwia2V5IjoiYXBwXC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDI0XC8wMVwvMTYxMDAzNDZcL0ZIQi1ob3VzZS1saW1lLXdhc2guanBnIn0= 500w, https://d4c5gb8slvq7w.cloudfront.net/eyJlZGl0cyI6eyJyZXNpemUiOnsid2lkdGgiOjQxNSwiaGVpZ2h0IjoyMzV9fSwiYnVja2V0IjoiZmluZWhvbWVidWlsZGluZy5zMy50YXVudG9uY2xvdWQuY29tIiwia2V5IjoiYXBwXC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDI0XC8wMVwvMTYxMDAzNDZcL0ZIQi1ob3VzZS1saW1lLXdhc2guanBnIn0= 415w, https://d4c5gb8slvq7w.cloudfront.net/eyJlZGl0cyI6eyJyZXNpemUiOnsid2lkdGgiOjMzMCwiaGVpZ2h0IjoxODd9fSwiYnVja2V0IjoiZmluZWhvbWVidWlsZGluZy5zMy50YXVudG9uY2xvdWQuY29tIiwia2V5IjoiYXBwXC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDI0XC8wMVwvMTYxMDAzNDZcL0ZIQi1ob3VzZS1saW1lLXdhc2guanBnIn0= 330w, https://d4c5gb8slvq7w.cloudfront.net/eyJlZGl0cyI6eyJyZXNpemUiOnsid2lkdGgiOjE2MCwiaGVpZ2h0Ijo5MX19LCJidWNrZXQiOiJmaW5laG9tZWJ1aWxkaW5nLnMzLnRhdW50b25jbG91ZC5jb20iLCJrZXkiOiJhcHBcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjRcLzAxXC8xNjEwMDM0NlwvRkhCLWhvdXNlLWxpbWUtd2FzaC5qcGcifQ== 160w" /> </div> <span class="title">Adding Windows, Siding, and a Brick Lime-Wash Coating</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/2023/11/10/podcast-605-members-only-aftershow-3d-printed-houses"> <div class="image video-overlay"> <img width="460" height="260" src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/finehomebuilding.s3.tauntoncloud.com/app/uploads/2023/11/08154329/FHB-Podcast-Aftershow-605-main-thumb-16x9.jpg" class="attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image" alt="" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width: 500px) 100vw, (max-width: 1120px) 25vw, 250px" decoding="async" srcset="https://d4c5gb8slvq7w.cloudfront.net/eyJlZGl0cyI6eyJyZXNpemUiOnsid2lkdGgiOjUwMCwiaGVpZ2h0IjoyODN9fSwiYnVja2V0IjoiZmluZWhvbWVidWlsZGluZy5zMy50YXVudG9uY2xvdWQuY29tIiwia2V5IjoiYXBwXC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDIzXC8xMVwvMDgxNTQzMjlcL0ZIQi1Qb2RjYXN0LUFmdGVyc2hvdy02MDUtbWFpbi10aHVtYi0xNng5LmpwZyJ9 500w, https://d4c5gb8slvq7w.cloudfront.net/eyJlZGl0cyI6eyJyZXNpemUiOnsid2lkdGgiOjQxNSwiaGVpZ2h0IjoyMzV9fSwiYnVja2V0IjoiZmluZWhvbWVidWlsZGluZy5zMy50YXVudG9uY2xvdWQuY29tIiwia2V5IjoiYXBwXC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDIzXC8xMVwvMDgxNTQzMjlcL0ZIQi1Qb2RjYXN0LUFmdGVyc2hvdy02MDUtbWFpbi10aHVtYi0xNng5LmpwZyJ9 415w, https://d4c5gb8slvq7w.cloudfront.net/eyJlZGl0cyI6eyJyZXNpemUiOnsid2lkdGgiOjMzMCwiaGVpZ2h0IjoxODd9fSwiYnVja2V0IjoiZmluZWhvbWVidWlsZGluZy5zMy50YXVudG9uY2xvdWQuY29tIiwia2V5IjoiYXBwXC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDIzXC8xMVwvMDgxNTQzMjlcL0ZIQi1Qb2RjYXN0LUFmdGVyc2hvdy02MDUtbWFpbi10aHVtYi0xNng5LmpwZyJ9 330w, https://d4c5gb8slvq7w.cloudfront.net/eyJlZGl0cyI6eyJyZXNpemUiOnsid2lkdGgiOjE2MCwiaGVpZ2h0Ijo5MX19LCJidWNrZXQiOiJmaW5laG9tZWJ1aWxkaW5nLnMzLnRhdW50b25jbG91ZC5jb20iLCJrZXkiOiJhcHBcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjNcLzExXC8wODE1NDMyOVwvRkhCLVBvZGNhc3QtQWZ0ZXJzaG93LTYwNS1tYWluLXRodW1iLTE2eDkuanBnIn0= 160w" /> </div> <span class="title">Podcast 605: Members-only Aftershow — 3D Printed Houses</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/2023/09/27/exterior-materials-for-a-midcentury-home"> <div class="image video-overlay"> <img width="460" height="260" src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/finehomebuilding.s3.tauntoncloud.com/app/uploads/2023/09/21112933/kansas-exterior-materials-16x9-1-460x260.jpg" class="attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image" alt="" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width: 500px) 100vw, (max-width: 1120px) 25vw, 250px" decoding="async" srcset="https://d4c5gb8slvq7w.cloudfront.net/eyJlZGl0cyI6eyJyZXNpemUiOnsid2lkdGgiOjUwMCwiaGVpZ2h0IjoyODN9fSwiYnVja2V0IjoiZmluZWhvbWVidWlsZGluZy5zMy50YXVudG9uY2xvdWQuY29tIiwia2V5IjoiYXBwXC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDIzXC8wOVwvMjExMTI5MzNcL2thbnNhcy1leHRlcmlvci1tYXRlcmlhbHMtMTZ4OS0xLmpwZyJ9 500w, https://d4c5gb8slvq7w.cloudfront.net/eyJlZGl0cyI6eyJyZXNpemUiOnsid2lkdGgiOjQxNSwiaGVpZ2h0IjoyMzV9fSwiYnVja2V0IjoiZmluZWhvbWVidWlsZGluZy5zMy50YXVudG9uY2xvdWQuY29tIiwia2V5IjoiYXBwXC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDIzXC8wOVwvMjExMTI5MzNcL2thbnNhcy1leHRlcmlvci1tYXRlcmlhbHMtMTZ4OS0xLmpwZyJ9 415w, https://d4c5gb8slvq7w.cloudfront.net/eyJlZGl0cyI6eyJyZXNpemUiOnsid2lkdGgiOjMzMCwiaGVpZ2h0IjoxODd9fSwiYnVja2V0IjoiZmluZWhvbWVidWlsZGluZy5zMy50YXVudG9uY2xvdWQuY29tIiwia2V5IjoiYXBwXC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDIzXC8wOVwvMjExMTI5MzNcL2thbnNhcy1leHRlcmlvci1tYXRlcmlhbHMtMTZ4OS0xLmpwZyJ9 330w, https://d4c5gb8slvq7w.cloudfront.net/eyJlZGl0cyI6eyJyZXNpemUiOnsid2lkdGgiOjE2MCwiaGVpZ2h0Ijo5MX19LCJidWNrZXQiOiJmaW5laG9tZWJ1aWxkaW5nLnMzLnRhdW50b25jbG91ZC5jb20iLCJrZXkiOiJhcHBcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjNcLzA5XC8yMTExMjkzM1wva2Fuc2FzLWV4dGVyaW9yLW1hdGVyaWFscy0xNng5LTEuanBnIn0= 160w" /> </div> <span class="title">Exterior Materials for a Midcentury Home</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/2023/06/09/architectural-strategy-for-a-unique-skylight"> <div class="image video-overlay"> <img width="460" height="260" src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/finehomebuilding.s3.tauntoncloud.com/app/uploads/2023/05/19141627/skylight-chimney-16x9-1-460x260.jpg" class="attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image" alt="" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width: 500px) 100vw, (max-width: 1120px) 25vw, 250px" decoding="async" srcset="https://d4c5gb8slvq7w.cloudfront.net/eyJlZGl0cyI6eyJyZXNpemUiOnsid2lkdGgiOjUwMCwiaGVpZ2h0IjoyODN9fSwiYnVja2V0IjoiZmluZWhvbWVidWlsZGluZy5zMy50YXVudG9uY2xvdWQuY29tIiwia2V5IjoiYXBwXC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDIzXC8wNVwvMTkxNDE2MjdcL3NreWxpZ2h0LWNoaW1uZXktMTZ4OS0xLmpwZyJ9 500w, https://d4c5gb8slvq7w.cloudfront.net/eyJlZGl0cyI6eyJyZXNpemUiOnsid2lkdGgiOjQxNSwiaGVpZ2h0IjoyMzV9fSwiYnVja2V0IjoiZmluZWhvbWVidWlsZGluZy5zMy50YXVudG9uY2xvdWQuY29tIiwia2V5IjoiYXBwXC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDIzXC8wNVwvMTkxNDE2MjdcL3NreWxpZ2h0LWNoaW1uZXktMTZ4OS0xLmpwZyJ9 415w, https://d4c5gb8slvq7w.cloudfront.net/eyJlZGl0cyI6eyJyZXNpemUiOnsid2lkdGgiOjMzMCwiaGVpZ2h0IjoxODd9fSwiYnVja2V0IjoiZmluZWhvbWVidWlsZGluZy5zMy50YXVudG9uY2xvdWQuY29tIiwia2V5IjoiYXBwXC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDIzXC8wNVwvMTkxNDE2MjdcL3NreWxpZ2h0LWNoaW1uZXktMTZ4OS0xLmpwZyJ9 330w, https://d4c5gb8slvq7w.cloudfront.net/eyJlZGl0cyI6eyJyZXNpemUiOnsid2lkdGgiOjE2MCwiaGVpZ2h0Ijo5MX19LCJidWNrZXQiOiJmaW5laG9tZWJ1aWxkaW5nLnMzLnRhdW50b25jbG91ZC5jb20iLCJrZXkiOiJhcHBcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjNcLzA1XC8xOTE0MTYyN1wvc2t5bGlnaHQtY2hpbW5leS0xNng5LTEuanBnIn0= 160w" /> </div> <span class="title">Architectural Strategy for a Unique Skylight</span> </a> </li> </ul>  <a class="more-link--mobile" href="/section/video">View All</a> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="container">  <div class="topic-content"> <div class="header"> <h2 class="header__title">Net-Zero</h2> <a class="more-link" href="/category/net-zero">View All<span class="sr-only"> Net-Zero Articles</span></a> </div>  <ul class="content__list gs-grid gs-gap gs-grid-cols-2 gs-grid-cols-4:mdlg"> <li> <a href="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/2024/07/16/leah-karmaker-design-and-project-coordinator-at-just-housing"> <div class="image"> <img src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/finehomebuilding.s3.tauntoncloud.com/app/uploads/2024/07/16160608/01232582-Leah-Karmaker-thumb-16x9.jpg" width="460" height="260" alt="" loading="lazy" srcset_widths="300,250"> </div> <span class="title">Leah Karmaker, Design and Project Coordinator at Just Housing</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/2023/11/22/new-hampshire-net-zero-ready"> <div class="image"> <img src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/finehomebuilding.s3.tauntoncloud.com/app/uploads/2023/11/21215119/H320HD_02DowntownPortsmouthNetZeroResidence_DouglasSchmidt-thumb-16x9.jpg" width="460" height="260" alt="" loading="lazy" srcset_widths="300,250"> </div> <span class="title">New Hampshire Net-Zero-Ready</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/2023/11/03/lessons-in-how-to-decarbonize-existing-homes"> <div class="image"> <img src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/finehomebuilding.s3.tauntoncloud.com/app/uploads/2023/11/03104739/decarbonize-existing-homes-16x9-1-460x260.jpg" width="460" height="260" alt="" loading="lazy" srcset_widths="300,250"> </div> <span class="title">Lessons in How to Decarbonize Existing Homes</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/2022/12/14/why-pretty-good-is-pretty-great"> <div class="image"> <img src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/finehomebuilding.s3.tauntoncloud.com/app/uploads/2022/12/14105854/PGH-ed-note-16x9-1-460x260.jpg" width="460" height="260" alt="" loading="lazy" srcset_widths="300,250"> </div> <span class="title">Why Pretty Good is Pretty Great</span> </a> </li> </ul>  <a class="more-link--mobile" href="/category/net-zero">View All<span class="sr-only"> Net-Zero Articles</span></a> </div>   <div class="hard-copies has-ad">  <ul class="content__list hard-copies__content--main"> </ul>  <div class="hard-copies__content--secondary">  <div class="dfp-ad rectangle" data-dfp-id="dfp-rectangle-3"><div class="inner container"><div id="dfp-rectangle-3"></div></div></div> </div> </div>  </div>  </div> <div class="dfp-ad leaderboard" data-dfp-id="dfp-leaderboard-3"><div class="inner container"><div id="dfp-leaderboard-3"></div></div></div> <div class="magazine__section"> <div class="magazine__inner container"> <h2 class="magazine__heading">Fine Homebuilding Magazine</h2> <ul class="magazine__issues"> <li class="magazine__issues__item"> <a href="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/issue/2024/11/issue-328-dec-jan"> <div class="magazine__issues__image"> <img loading="lazy" src="//www.finehomebuilding.com/app/uploads/2024/11/FHB328-Cover.jpg" alt="" width="600" height="757" > </div>  <span class="magazine__issues__title title">Issue 328 - Dec/Jan 2024</span> </a> <div class="magazine__issues__toc"> <ul class="magazine__stories"> <li class="magazine__stories__item"> <a href="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/2024/11/11/328-how-a-pro-replaces-columns">How a Pro Replaces Columns</a> </li> <li class="magazine__stories__item"> <a href="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/2024/11/11/passive-house-3-0">Passive House 3.0</a> </li> <li class="magazine__stories__item"> <a href="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/2024/11/11/tool-test-compact-line-lasers">Tool Test: Compact Line Lasers</a> </li> </ul> </div>  </li> <li class="magazine__issues__item"> <a href="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/issue/2024/10/issue-327-november"> <div class="magazine__issues__image"> <img loading="lazy" src="//www.finehomebuilding.com/app/uploads/2024/09/FHB327-cover.jpg" alt="" width="600" height="757" > </div>  <span class="magazine__issues__title title">Issue 327 - November 2024</span> </a> <div class="magazine__issues__toc"> <ul class="magazine__stories"> <li class="magazine__stories__item"> <a href="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/2024/10/15/repairing-damaged-walls-and-ceilings">Repairing Damaged Walls and Ceilings</a> </li> <li class="magazine__stories__item"> <a href="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/2024/10/14/plumbing-protection">Plumbing Protection</a> </li> <li class="magazine__stories__item"> <a href="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/2024/10/15/talking-shop">Talking Shop</a> </li> </ul> </div>  </li> <li class="magazine__issues__item"> <a href="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/issue/2024/09/issue-326-october"> <div class="magazine__issues__image"> <img loading="lazy" src="//s3.amazonaws.com/finehomebuilding.s3.tauntoncloud.com/app/uploads/2024/09/10122406/FHB326-cover.jpg" alt="" width="600" height="757" > </div>  <span class="magazine__issues__title title">Issue 326 - October 2024</span> </a> <div class="magazine__issues__toc"> <ul class="magazine__stories"> <li class="magazine__stories__item"> <a href="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/2024/09/11/paint-behind-strike-plates">Paint Behind Strike Plates</a> </li> <li class="magazine__stories__item"> <a href="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/2024/09/11/conceal-cut-ends">Conceal Cut Ends</a> </li> <li class="magazine__stories__item"> <a href="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/2024/09/10/ladder-slip-solution">Ladder Slip Solution</a> </li> </ul> </div>  </li> <li class="magazine__issues__item"> <a href="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/issue/2024/07/issue-325-august-september"> <div class="magazine__issues__image"> <img loading="lazy" src="//s3.amazonaws.com/finehomebuilding.s3.tauntoncloud.com/app/uploads/2024/07/10113643/FHB325-cover.jpg" alt="" width="600" height="757" > </div>  <span class="magazine__issues__title title">Issue 325 - August/September 2024</span> </a> <div class="magazine__issues__toc"> <ul class="magazine__stories"> <li class="magazine__stories__item"> <a href="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/2024/07/11/the-cali-valley-heads-east">The Cali Valley Heads East</a> </li> <li class="magazine__stories__item"> <a href="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/2024/07/12/a-deep-dive-into-continuous-exterior-insulation">A Deep Dive Into Continuous Exterior Insulation</a> </li> <li class="magazine__stories__item"> <a href="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/2024/07/10/secrets-of-thermal-imaging">Secrets of Thermal Imaging</a> </li> </ul> </div>  </li> <li class="magazine__issues__item"> <a href="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/issue/2024/05/issue-324-july-2024"> <div class="magazine__issues__image"> <img loading="lazy" src="//s3.amazonaws.com/finehomebuilding.s3.tauntoncloud.com/app/uploads/2024/05/28121559/012324-cover.jpg" alt="" width="600" height="757" > </div>  <span class="magazine__issues__title title">Issue 324 - July 2024</span> </a> <div class="magazine__issues__toc"> <ul class="magazine__stories"> <li class="magazine__stories__item"> <a href="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/2024/05/24/barn-transformation">Barn Transformation</a> </li> <li class="magazine__stories__item"> <a href="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/2024/05/24/i-beam-to-the-rescue">I-Beam to the Rescue</a> </li> <li class="magazine__stories__item"> <a href="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/2024/05/30/save-with-a-smart-thermostat">Save With a Smart Thermostat</a> </li> </ul> </div>  </li> </ul>  </div>  </div>  <div class="sitefooter"> <div class="sitefooter__inner container"> <h2 class="sitefooter__heading"> <svg class="svg-logo"> <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#fhb-brand-logo"></use> </svg> <p class="sitefooter__heading_name">Fine Homebuilding</p> </h2> <div class="sitefooter--primary"> <div class="sitefooter__block sitefooter__block__social-links"> <h3 class="sitefooter__category">Follow</h3> <ul class="sitefooter__social-links"> <li data-social-network="Twitter" data-social-action="follow" data-social-target="mobile-menu"> <a class="item__link x" href="https://twitter.com/FHBMagazine" target="_blank"> <svg class="svg-social"> <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#x"></use> </svg> <span class="sr-only">X</span> </a> </li> <li data-social-network="YouTube" data-social-action="follow" data-social-target="footer"> <a class="item__link youtube" href="https://www.youtube.com/user/finehomebuilding" target="_blank" aria-label="YouTube"> <svg class="svg-social"> <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#youtube" /> </svg> <span class="sr-only">YouTube</span> </a> </li> <li data-social-network="Instagram" data-social-action="follow" data-social-target="mobile-menu"> <a class="item__link instagram" href="https://www.instagram.com/finehomebuilding/?hl=en" target="_blank"> <svg class="svg-social"> <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#instagram"></use> </svg> <span class="sr-only">instagram</span> </a> </li> <li data-social-network="Facebook" data-social-action="follow" data-social-target="mobile-menu"> <a class="item__link facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/FineHomebuildingMagazine" target="_blank"> <svg class="svg-social"> <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#facebook"></use> </svg> <span class="sr-only">facebook</span> </a> </li> <li data-social-network="Pinterest" data-social-action="follow" data-social-target="mobile-menu"> <a class="item__link pinterest" href="https://www.pinterest.com/fhbmagazine/" target="_blank"> <svg class="svg-social"> <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#pinterest"></use> </svg> <span class="sr-only">pinterest</span> </a> </li> <li data-social-network="Tiktok" data-social-action="follow" data-social-target="footer"> <a class="item__link tiktok" href="https://www.tiktok.com/@finehomebuilding" target="_blank" aria-label="Tiktok"> <svg class="svg-social"> <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#tiktok" /> </svg> <span class="sr-only">Tiktok</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="sitefooter__block sitefooter__block__newsletter"> <h3 class="sitefooter__category">Newsletter</h3> <div class="sitefooter__form">  <div class="email_subscribe__copy"> <p class="message">Get home building tips, offers, and expert advice in your inbox</p> </div> <div class="email_subscribe__form embed-submit"> <form class="email-subscribe-form" data-source="FHB_footer" data-placement="Footer" data-email_sub_products="19|41|21" data-email_subscribe_nonce="cbcae324be" > <div class="formfield"> <input class="embed-submit__textfield" name="email" type="email" autocomplete="email" placeholder="Email Address" aria-label="Email Address" /> </div> <div> <button class="embed-submit__submit" type="submit">Go</button> <p class="loading-message">Signing you up...</p> </div> <div class="recaptchaDisclaimer"> This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google <a href="https://policies.google.com/privacy">Privacy Policy</a> and <a href="https://policies.google.com/terms">Terms of Service</a> apply. </div> <a class="email_subscribe__form_link eu-link" href="/pages/newsletter-signup?ref=EUsignup" target="_blank">See all newsletters</a> <div class="all-newsletters"> <a class="email_subscribe__form_link all-newsletters" href="/pages/newsletter-signup?ref=FHB_footer" target="_blank">See all newsletters</a> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sitefooter__block sitefooter__block__subscribe"> <h3 class="sitefooter__category">Membership & Magazine</h3> <ul class="sitefooter__text-list"> <li><a href="/onlinearchive">Online Archive</a></li> <li><a href="https://subscribe.finehomebuilding.com/FHB_trial?pk=W20120FS&returnURL=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.finehomebuilding.com%2F2024%2F11%2F11%2Fpassive-house-3-0&ref=fhb-footer" data-freetrial="Footer">Start Free Trial</a></li> <li><a href="https://subscribe.finehomebuilding.com/FHB_print?pk=W20094FS&returnURL=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.finehomebuilding.com%2F2024%2F11%2F11%2Fpassive-house-3-0&ref=fhb-footer" data-subscribe="Footer">Magazine Subscription</a></li> <li><a href="https://subscribe.finehomebuilding.com/FHB_renewprint?pk=W20130FS&returnURL=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.finehomebuilding.com%2F2024%2F11%2F11%2Fpassive-house-3-0&ref=fhb-footer" data-subscribe-renew="Footer">Magazine Renewal</a></li> <li><a href="https://subscribe.finehomebuilding.com/FHB_gift?pk=W20130FS&returnURL=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.finehomebuilding.com%2F2024%2F11%2F11%2Fpassive-house-3-0&ref=fhb-footer" data-subscribe-gift="Footer">Gift a Subscription</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/faq">Customer Support</a></li> <li><a id="taunton-user-consent__open_footer" class="taunton-user-consent__open footer" href="#">Privacy Preferences</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="sitefooter--secondary"> <ul class="sitefooter__pagelinks"> <li><a href="https://www.aimmedia.com/about-us/">About</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.aimmedia.com/contact-us/">Contact</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.finehomebuildingmediakit.com/">Advertise</a></li> <li><a href="https://active-interest-media.breezy.hr/">Careers</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.aimmedia.com/terms-of-service/">Terms of Use</a></li> <li><a href="/sitemap">Site Map</a></li> </ul> <ul class="sitefooter__pagelinks"> <li><a href="/do-not-sell-my-information" id="taunton-user-consent__donotsell">Do not sell or share my information</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.aimmedia.com/privacy-policy">Privacy Policy</a></li> <li><a href="https://adasitecompliancetools.com/ap.asp?h=TNTPRS&ref=finehomebuilding">Accessibility</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.aimmedia.com/privacy-policy#CArights">California Privacy Rights</a></li> </ul> <p class="sitefooter__copyright">© 2024 Active Interest Media. All rights reserved.</p> <p class="sitefooter__disclaimer">Fine Homebuilding receives a commission for items purchased through links on this site, including Amazon Associates and other affiliate advertising programs.</p> </div>  </div>  </div>   </div>   <div class="modal__wrapper modal__wrapper--carousel full-screen slideshow-container gone"> <div class="modal__content container"> <div class="modal__carousel"> </div>  <span class="modal__close" role="button" aria-label="Close" tabindex="0">X</span> </div>  </div>   <div class="modal__wrapper modal__wrapper--image full-screen gone"> <div class="modal__content container"> <div class="modal__image__wrap" tabindex="0"> <figure> <div class="modal__image">  </div> <div class="modal__caption">  </div> </figure> </div> <span class="modal__close" role="button" aria-label="Close" tabindex="0">X</span> </div>  </div>  <div class="modal__wrapper modal__wrapper--menu gone" aria-describedby='modalDescription'> <div class='screenreader-text' id='modalDescription'> This is a dialog window which overlays the main content of the page. The modal window is a 'site map' of the most critical areas of the site. Pressing the Escape (ESC) button will close the modal and bring you back to where you were on the page. </div> <div class="modal__content" role="navigation" aria-label="Modal"> <div class="modal__inner container"> <div class="modal-menu__search"> <form action="https://www.finehomebuilding.com"> <div class="embed-submit"> <div class="form__field"> <input class="embed-submit__textfield" type="text" placeholder="Search" name="s" aria-label="Search"> </div> <div class="form__field"> <button type="submit" class="embed-submit__submit"> <svg class="svg-icon"> <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#main-nav-search"></use> </svg> <span class="sr-only">Search</span> </button> </div> </div> </form> </div>  <div class="modal-menu"> <div class="modal-menu__suggested-links"> <div class="modal-menu__mobile-main"> <h2 class="modal-menu__heading">Main Menu</h2> <ul class="modal-menu__list"> <li><a href="/howto">How-To</a></li> <li><a href="/design">Design</a></li> <li><a href="/tools-materials">Tools & Materials</a></li> <li><a href="/videos">Video</a></li> <li><a href="/blogs">Blogs</a></li> <li><a href="/discussion-forum">Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/project-guides">Project Guides</a></li> <li><a href="/readerprojects">Reader Projects</a></li> <li><a href="/magazine">Magazine</a></li> <li><a href="/members">Members</a></li> <li><a href="/fhb-house">FHB House</a></li> </ul> <h2 class="modal-menu__heading">Podcasts</h2> <ul class="modal-menu__list"> <li><a href="/blog/fine-homebuilding-podcast">FHB Podcast</a></li> <li><a href="/blog/the-fine-homebuilding-pro-talk-podcast">ProTalk</a></li> </ul> <h2 class="modal-menu__heading">Webinars</h2> <ul class="modal-menu__list"> <li><a href="/webinars">Upcoming and On-Demand</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="modal-menu__content-wrap modal-menu__content-wrap--popular-topics"> <h2 class="modal-menu__heading">Podcasts</h2> <ul class="modal-menu__list modal-menu__list--popular-topics"> <li><a href="/blog/fine-homebuilding-podcast">FHB Podcast</a></li> <li><a href="/blog/the-fine-homebuilding-pro-talk-podcast">ProTalk</a></li> </ul> <h2 class="modal-menu__heading">Webinars</h2> <ul class="modal-menu__list"> <li><a href="/webinars">Upcoming and On-Demand</a></li> </ul> <h2 class="modal-menu__heading">Popular Topics</h2> <ul class="modal-menu__list modal-menu__list--popular-topics"> <li><a href="/category/kitchens">Kitchens</a></li> <li><a href="/category/business">Business</a></li> <li><a href="/category/bedrooms">Bedrooms</a></li> <li><a href="/category/roofs">Roofs</a></li> <li><a href="/category/architecture-and-design">Architecture and Design</a></li> <li><a href="/category/green-building">Green Building</a></li> <li><a href="/category/decks">Decks</a></li> <li><a href="/category/framing">Framing</a></li> <li><a href="/category/safety">Safety</a></li> <li><a href="/category/remodeling">Remodeling</a></li> <li><a href="/category/bathrooms">Bathrooms</a></li> <li><a href="/category/windows">Windows</a></li> <li><a href="/category/tilework">Tilework</a></li> <li><a href="/category/ceilings">Ceilings</a></li> <li><a href="/category/hvac">HVAC</a></li> </ul> </div>  <div class="modal-menu__content-wrap modal-menu__content-wrap--non-topics"> <h2 class="modal-menu__heading">Magazine</h2> <ul class="modal-menu__list modal-menu__list--magazine"> <li><a href="/issue/current">Current Issue</a></li> <li><a href="/magazine">Past Issues</a></li> <li><a href="/magazine-index">Magazine Index</a></li> <li><a href="https://subscribe.finehomebuilding.com/FHB_print?pk=W20094FS&returnURL=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.finehomebuilding.com%2F2024%2F11%2F11%2Fpassive-house-3-0&ref=fhb-menu" data-subscribe="Main Menu Link">Subscribe</a></li> <li><a href="/onlinearchive">Online Archive</a></li> <li><a href="/author-guidelines">Author Guidelines</a></li> </ul> <h2 class="modal-menu__heading">All Access</h2> <ul class="modal-menu__list modal-menu__list--membership"> <li><a href="/members">Member Home</a></li> <li><a href="https://subscribe.finehomebuilding.com/FHB_trial?pk=W20120FS&returnURL=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.finehomebuilding.com%2F2024%2F11%2F11%2Fpassive-house-3-0&ref=fhb-menu" data-freetrial="Main Menu Link">Start Free Trial</a></li> <li><a href="https://subscribe.finehomebuilding.com/FHB_giftmembership?pk=W20120FS&returnURL=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.finehomebuilding.com%2F2024%2F11%2F11%2Fpassive-house-3-0&ref=fhb-gift-menu" data-freetrial-gift="Main Menu Link">Gift Membership</a></li> </ul> <h2 class="modal-menu__heading">Online Learning</h2> <ul class="modal-menu__list modal-menu__list--shop-the-store"> <li><a href="https://finehomebuilding.com/courses?ref=fhb-menu">Courses</a></li> <li><a href="/readerprojects">Reader Projects</a></li> <li><a href="/blog/fine-homebuilding-podcast">Podcast</a></li> </ul> <h2 class="modal-menu__heading">More</h2> <ul class="modal-menu__list modal-menu__list--more"> <li><a href="/ambassadors">FHB Ambassadors</a></li> <li><a href="/fhb-house">FHB House</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/faq" target="_blank">Customer Support</a></li> </ul> </div>  </div>  <div class="modal-menu__action-items modal-menu__featured-stories-parent--large"> <div class="modal-menu__connect"> <div class="modal-menu__list--account"> <h2 class="modal-menu__heading">Account</h2> <ul class="modal-menu__list"> <li><a href="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/user/login?return_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.finehomebuilding.com%2F2024%2F11%2F11%2Fpassive-house-3-0" rel="nofollow">Log In</a></li> <li><a href="/memberships">Join</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="modal-menu__content-wrap modal-menu__content-wrap--outreach"> <div class="modal-newsletter"> <h2 class="modal-menu__heading">Newsletter</h2> <div class="modal-menu__form">  <div class="email_subscribe__copy"> <p class="message">Get home building tips, offers, and expert advice in your inbox</p> </div> <div class="email_subscribe__form embed-submit"> <form class="email-subscribe-form" data-source="FHB_menu" data-placement="FHB_menu" data-email_sub_products="19|41|21" data-email_subscribe_nonce="cbcae324be" > <div class="formfield"> <input class="embed-submit__textfield" name="email" type="email" autocomplete="email" placeholder="Email Address" aria-label="Email Address" /> </div> <div> <button class="embed-submit__submit" type="submit">Go</button> <p class="loading-message">Signing you up...</p> </div> <div class="recaptchaDisclaimer"> This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google <a href="https://policies.google.com/privacy">Privacy Policy</a> and <a href="https://policies.google.com/terms">Terms of Service</a> apply. </div> <a class="email_subscribe__form_link eu-link" href="/pages/newsletter-signup?ref=EUsignup" target="_blank">See all newsletters</a> <div class="all-newsletters"> <a class="email_subscribe__form_link all-newsletters" href="/pages/newsletter-signup?ref=FHB_menu" target="_blank">See all newsletters</a> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <h2 class="modal-menu__heading">Follow</h2> <ul class="modal-menu__social-links"> <li data-social-network="Twitter" data-social-action="follow" data-social-target="mobile-menu"> <a class="item__link x" href="https://twitter.com/FHBMagazine" target="_blank"> <svg class="svg-social"> <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#x"></use> </svg> <span class="sr-only">X</span> </a> </li> <li data-social-network="YouTube" data-social-action="follow" data-social-target="footer"> <a class="item__link youtube" href="https://www.youtube.com/user/finehomebuilding" target="_blank" aria-label="YouTube"> <svg class="svg-social"> <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#youtube" /> </svg> <span class="sr-only">YouTube</span> </a> </li> <li data-social-network="Instagram" data-social-action="follow" data-social-target="mobile-menu"> <a class="item__link instagram" href="https://www.instagram.com/finehomebuilding/?hl=en" target="_blank"> <svg class="svg-social"> <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#instagram"></use> </svg> <span class="sr-only">instagram</span> </a> </li> <li data-social-network="Facebook" data-social-action="follow" data-social-target="mobile-menu"> <a class="item__link facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/FineHomebuildingMagazine" target="_blank"> <svg class="svg-social"> <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#facebook"></use> </svg> <span class="sr-only">facebook</span> </a> </li> <li data-social-network="Pinterest" data-social-action="follow" data-social-target="mobile-menu"> <a class="item__link pinterest" href="https://www.pinterest.com/fhbmagazine/" target="_blank"> <svg class="svg-social"> <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#pinterest"></use> </svg> <span class="sr-only">pinterest</span> </a> </li> <li data-social-network="Tiktok" data-social-action="follow" data-social-target="footer"> <a class="item__link tiktok" href="https://www.tiktok.com/@finehomebuilding" target="_blank" aria-label="Tiktok"> <svg class="svg-social"> <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#tiktok" /> </svg> <span class="sr-only">Tiktok</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div>  <div class="modal-menu__content-wrap modal-menu__content-wrap--cta"> <div class="modal-menu__membership"> <h2 class="modal-menu__heading">Join All Access</h2> <p>Become a member and get instant access to thousands of videos, how-tos, tool reviews, and design features.</p> <a class="modal-menu__membership__button" id="main-menu-freetrial-btn" href="https://subscribe.finehomebuilding.com/FHB_trial?pk=W20120FS&returnURL=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.finehomebuilding.com%2F2024%2F11%2F11%2Fpassive-house-3-0&ref=fhb-menu-btn" data-freetrial="Main Menu">Start Your Free Trial</a> </div> <div class="modal-menu__subscribe"> <h2 class="modal-menu__heading">Subscribe</h2> <img class="modal-menu__subscribe__image" src="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/app/themes/finehomebuilding/dist/img/magazine-modal-subscribe.png" alt="FHB Magazine"> <div class="modal-menu__subscribe__copy"> <p>Start your subscription today and save up to 70%</p> <a class="modal-menu__subscribe__button" id="main-menu-subscribe-btn" href="https://subscribe.finehomebuilding.com/FHB_print?pk=W20094FS&returnURL=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.finehomebuilding.com%2F2024%2F11%2F11%2Fpassive-house-3-0&ref=fhb-menu-sub" data-subscribe="Main Menu">Subscribe</a> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="modal-menu__featured-stories"> <script type="text/template" id="modal-stories-template"> <h2 class="modal-menu__heading">Featured Stories</h2> <ul class="modal-menu__story-list"> <% _.each( items, function( item ){ %> <li> <a class="modal-menu__story-list__item" href="<%= item.link %>"> <% if (item.img) { %> <div class="modal-menu__story-list__image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="" src="<%= item.img %>" /> </div> <% } %> <span class="modal-menu__story-list__title title"><%= item.title %></span> </a> </li> <% }); %> </ul> </script>  </div>  </div>  <div class="modal-menu__featured-stories-parent--small"></div> </div>  </div>  </div>  </div>  <div class="article-gallery-modal" aria-hidden="true" aria-label="Supplemental image gallery for Passive House 3.0" > <div class="article-gallery-modal__wrapper" data-a11y-dialog-hide></div> <div class="article-gallery-modal__content" role="document"> <div class="article-gallery-modal__top"> <button type="button" data-a11y-dialog-hide aria-label="Close dialog" class="article-gallery-modal__close" disabled> <svg class="svg-icon"> <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-modal-close"></use> </svg> </button> </div> <div class="article-gallery-modal__middle"> <div class="article-gallery-modal__body"></div> <template id="tmpl-article-gallery-modal-single"> <div class="article-gallery-modal__image"></div> <div class="article-gallery-modal__caption"> <div class="article-gallery-modal__text container"></div> </div> </template> </div> <div class="article-gallery-modal__bottom"> <button class="article-gallery-modal__toggle">Toggle Caption</button> <div class="embla__nav"> <button type="button" class="embla__button embla__button--prev"> <svg class="embla__control-icon"> <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-carousel-prev"></use> </svg> <span class="sr-only">Previous</span> </button> <button type="button" class="embla__button embla__button--next"> <svg class="embla__control-icon"> <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-carousel-next"></use> </svg> <span class="sr-only">Next</span> </button> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(document).ready(function($) { $('#commentform').validate({ onfocusout: function(element) { this.element(element); }, rules: { comment: { required: true, minlength: 1, normalizer: function(value) { return $.trim(value); } } }, messages: { comment: "Please Fill Out this Field" }, errorElement: "div", errorPlacement: function(error, element) { element.before(error); } }); }); </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/wp/wp-includes/js/comment-reply.min.js?ver=6.6.2" id="comment-reply-js" async="async" data-wp-strategy="async"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/app/themes/finehomebuilding/javascript/temp/fhb_prebid_20240528.js?ver=6.6.2" id="prebid-js-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/app/plugins/taunton-wp-favorites/assets/js/favorites.js?ver=1.0.2" id="taunton-favorites-js"></script>   <script type="text/template" id="article-share-template"> <li data-social-network="Twitter" data-social-action="share" class="twitter"> <a href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=<%= url %>&text=<%= title %>&via=FHBMagazine" target="_blank"> <svg class="svg-social"> <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#x"></use> </svg> <span class="sr-only">X</span> </a> </li> <li data-social-network="Facebook" data-social-action="share" class="facebook"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=<%= url %>" target="_blank"> <svg class="svg-social"> <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#facebook"></use> </svg> <span class="sr-only">facebook</span> </a> </li> <li data-social-network="Linkedin" data-social-action="share" class="linkedin"> <a href="http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=<%= url %>&title=<%= title %>" target="_blank"> <svg class="svg-social"> <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#linkedin"></use> </svg> <span class="sr-only">linkedin</span> </a> </li> <li data-social-network="Pinterest" data-social-action="share" class="pinterest"> <a href="http://www.pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=<%= url %>&description=<%= title %>&media=<%= image %>" target="_blank" data-pin-do="buttonPin" data-pin-custom="true"> <svg class="svg-social"> <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#pinterest"></use> </svg> <span class="sr-only">pinterest</span> </a> </li> <li data-social-network="Email" data-social-action="share" class="email"> <a href="mailto:?subject=<%= title %>&body=<%= url %>" target="_blank"> <svg class="svg-social"> <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#email"></use> </svg> <span class="sr-only">email</span> </a> </li> <li class="item-favorite article__actions__social__list-item"> <span class="item__link favorite" data-favorite_saved="<%= FHB.user.favorite %>" data-auth_status="<%= FHB.user.authStatus %>" data-post_id="<%= FHB.page.contentID %>"> <a class="article__actions__social__favorite" href="#0" data-favorite_saved="<%= FHB.user.favorite %>" data-auth_status="<%= FHB.user.authStatus %>" data-post_id="<%= FHB.page.contentID %>"> <svg class="svg-social"> <use xlink:href="#bookmark" /> </svg> <span class="sr-only">add to favorites</span> </a> <span class="item-favorite__save item-favorite__action">Save to your <a href="/user/favorites">favorites</a></span> <span class="item-favorite__confirmation item-favorite__action">Saved to your <a href="/user/favorites">favorites</a></span> <span class="item-favorite__loggedout item-favorite__action"><a href="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/user/login?return_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.finehomebuilding.com%2F2024%2F11%2F11%2Fpassive-house-3-0" rel="nofollow">Log in</a> or <a href="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/user/login?return_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.finehomebuilding.com%2F2024%2F11%2F11%2Fpassive-house-3-0">Sign up</a> to save your favorite articles</span> </span> </li> </script>   <script type="text/template" id="content-browser-template"> <p class="content-browser__results__empty">No results found.</p> <div class="content-browser__results" role="tabpanel" id="panel-browse" aria-labelledby="tab-<%= keyword %>"> <% _.each( items, function( item ){ %> <div class="content-browser__results__block"> <h3> <a href="<%= item.link %>"> <% if (item.img) { %> <div class="image"> <% if (item.img && item.img_meta) { %> <img alt="" loading="lazy" src="<%= item.img %>" width="<%- item.img_meta.width %>" height="<%- item.img_meta.height %>" /> <% } else { %> <img alt="" loading="lazy" src="<%= item.img %>" /> <% } %> </div> <% } %> <% if (item.premium) { %> <span class="non-member__tag"></span> <% } %> <% if (item.sponsored) { %> <span class="sponsored-post-label">Sponsored Content</span> <% } %> <span class="title"><%= item.title %></span> </a> </h3> <p class="teaser"><%= item.summary %></p> </div> <% }); %> </div> <div class="content-browser__results__pagination"> <% if ( typeof pagination !== "undefined" ) { %> <%= pagination %> <% } %> </div> </script>  <script type="text/template" id="ajax-pagination"> <div class="ajax-pagination__wrap"> <div class="ajax-pagination"> <% if( typeof items.total_pages !== 'undefined' && items.total_pages !== 0 ) { %> <span class="ajax-pagination__count"><%= items.current_page %> of <%= items.total_pages %></span> <span class="ajax-pagination__page"> <% if( items.current_page !== 1 ) { %> <a href="<%= items.previous_page %>" class="ajax-pagination__previous">Previous</a> <% } else { %> <a class="ajax-pagination__previous isDisabled">Previous</a> <% } %> </span> <span class="ajax-pagination__page"> <% if( items.current_page < items.total_pages ) { %> <a href="<%= items.next_page %>" class="ajax-pagination__next gba-btn--pagination">Next</a> <% } else { %> <a class="ajax-pagination__next isDisabled">Next</a> <% } %> </span> <% } %> </div> </div> </script> <script type="text/template" id="forum-empty-results"> <div class="community__tab-content"> <div class="community__no-results"> <p><strong>No results found.</strong></p> <p>Try again by refreshing the page or return to the <a class="community__no-results__link" href="/discussion-forum">forum main page</a></p> </div> </div> </script> <script type="text/template" id="forum-results-error"> <div class="community__tab-content"> <div class="community__error-message"> <p class="community__error-message__text"><strong>Sorry, we’ve encountered an error.</strong></p> <p>Try again by refreshing the page or return to the <a class="community__no-results__link" href="/discussion-forum">forum main page</a></p> </div> </div> </script> <script type="text/template" id="recent-qa"> <ul class="module--activity-list"> <% _.each( items, function( item ){ %> <li class="module--activity-list__item"> <a class="image"> <% if (typeof item.author_avatar !== 'undefined') { %> <img class="avatar user-avatar" src="<%= item.author_avatar %>" alt="User avatar"> <% } %> </a> <div class="copy"> <span class="module--activity-list__item__title"> <a href="<%= item.link %>"><%= item.title %></a> </span> <div class="module--activity-list__item__meta"> <span class="reply-count"> <a href="<%= item.link %>"><% if (item.reply_count == 1) { %>1 Reply<% } else { %><%= item.reply_count %> Replies<% } %></a> </span> | <time datetime="<%= item.last_update %>"> <%= item.last_update %> </time> </div> </div> </li> <% }); %> </ul> </script>  <script type="text/template" id="qa-list"> <div class="community__tab-content"> <% _.each( items.data, function( item ){ %> <article class="community__post"> <ul class="community__columns"> <li class="community__column--title"> <div class="community__member-image"> <% if (typeof item.author_avatar !== 'undefined') { %> <img class="avatar user-avatar" src="<%= item.author_avatar %>" alt="User avatar"> <% } %> </div> <h2 class="community__title"> <a href="<%= item.link %>"><%= item.title %></a> </h2> </li> <li class="community__column--category"> <a href="<%= item.category_link %>"><%= item.category %></a> </li> <li class="community__column--replies"> <% if (item.reply_count == 1) { %> 1 Reply <% } else { %> <%= item.reply_count %> Replies <% } %> </li> <li class="community__column--date"> <time datetime="<%= item.last_update %>"> <%= item.last_update %> </time> </li> </ul> </article> <% }); %> </div> </script> <script type="text/template" id="project-guide-main-sections"> <% _.each( sections, function( section ){ %> <div class="guide-main__section__articles"> <header> <h3 class="guide-main__section__hed"> <%= section.title %> </h3> </header> <div class="guide-main__articles"> <% _.each( section.articles, function( item, index ){ %> <% if (index === 4) { %> <div class="guide-main__articles__more is-collapsed"> <% } %> <article class="guide-main__article"> <a class="guide-main__article__link" href="<%- item.link %>"> <div class="guide-main__article__image <%- (item.isVideo ? 'video-overlay' : '') %>"> <% if (item.img && item.img_meta) { %> <img alt="" src="<%= item.img %>" width="<%- item.img_meta.width %>" height="<%- item.img_meta.height %>" /> <% } else { %> <img src="<%= item.img %>" alt="" /> <% } %> </div> <h4 class="guide-main__article__hed"> <%= item.title %> </h4> <p class="guide-main__article__text"> <%= item.excerpt %> </p> </a> </article> <% if (index === section.articles.length - 1 && section.articles.length >= 4) { %> </div> <% } %> <% }); %> <% if (section.articles.length > 4) { %> <div class="guide-main__article__more"> <a class="guide-main__article__more-link" href="#"> Show More <svg class="svg-icon"> <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-arrow-down"></use> </svg> </a> </div> <% } %> </div> </div> <% }); %> </script> <script type="text/template" id="project-guide-chapter-contents"> <% _.each( sections, function( section ){ %> <li class="article--guide__toc__section"> <h5 class="article--guide__toc__section__hed"> <a class="article--guide__toc__articles__trigger" href="#"> <%= section.title %> </a> </h5> <ul class="article--guide__toc__articles"> <% _.each( section.articles, function( item ){ %> <% if ( typeof FHB.page.contentID !== 'undefined' && parseInt(item.id, 10) === parseInt(FHB.page.contentID, 10) ) { %> <li class="article--guide__toc__article is-current"> <% } else { %> <li class="article--guide__toc__article"> <% } %> <h6 class="article--guide__toc__article__hed"> <% if ( typeof FHB.page.contentID !== 'undefined' && parseInt(item.id, 10) === parseInt(FHB.page.contentID, 10) ) { %> <span class="article--guide__toc__article--current"> <%= item.title %> </span> <% } else { %> <a class="article--guide__toc__article__link" href="<%- item.link %>"> <%= item.title %> </a> <% } %> </h6> </li> <% }); %> </ul> </li> <% }); %> </script> <script type="text/template" id="project-guide-main-sections-error"> <div class="guide-main__error"> <div class="guide-main__error-message"> <p class="guide-main__error-message__text"><strong>Sorry, we’ve encountered an error.</strong></p> <p>Please wait a moment and try again by refreshing the page.</p> </div> </div> </script> <script type="text/template" id="project-guide-main-search"> <% if (!items.data.length) { %> <p class="guide-main__search-results--empty">No results found.</p> <% } %> <ul class="guide-main__search-results"> <% _.each( items.data, function( item ){ %> <li class="guide-main__search-result"> <a href="<%- item.link %>"> <div class="guide-main__search-image image"> <% if (item.img) { %> <img src="<%- item.img %>" alt="" /> <% } %> </div> <div class="guide-main__search-text"> <% if (item.sponsored) { %> <span class="sponsored-post-label">Sponsored Content</span> <% } %> <span class="title"><%= item.title %></span> <p class="teaser"><%= item.summary %></p> </div> </a> </li> <% }); %> </ul> <% if ( items.current_page && items.next_page && ( items.current_page < items.next_page ) ) { %> <% } %> </script> <div class="dfp-ad interstitial-ad click-close" data-dfp-id="dfp-interstitial"><div class="inner container"><div id="dfp-interstitial"></div></div></div>  <div id="siteskin-wrap"> <div id="siteskin-container"> <div class="dfp-ad skin-ad" data-dfp-id="dfp-skin"><div class="inner container"><div id="dfp-skin"></div></div></div> </div> </div> <script type="text/template" id="paywall-meter-bar" data-user_notification=""> <div class="inner"> <button class="meter-bar-toggle" aria-controls="meter-bar" aria-label="Collapse" aria-expanded="true"><svg height="20" viewBox="0 0 30 20" width="30" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="m3.525.7375 11.475 11.45 11.475-11.45 3.525 3.525-15 15-15-15z" fill="#ffffff"/></svg></button> <h4 class="meter-bar-hed" id="meter-bar-hed"><%= data.hed %></h4> <p class="meter-bar-dek" id="meter-bar-dek"><%= data.dek %></p> <p class="meter-bar-short-dek"><%= data.shortDek %></p> <div class="meter-bar-bottom"> <p class="meter-bar-subscribe"><a href="https://subscribe.finehomebuilding.com/FHB_trial?pk=W20120FS&returnURL=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.finehomebuilding.com%2F2024%2F11%2F11%2Fpassive-house-3-0&ref=fhb-meter-view-<%- data.count %>" class="button" data-freetrial="Meter View-<%- data.count %>">Start your FREE trial</a></p> <p class="meter-bar-login">Already a member? <a href="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/user/login?return_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.finehomebuilding.com%2F2024%2F11%2F11%2Fpassive-house-3-0" rel="nofollow">Log in</a></p> </div> </div> </script> <script type="text/template" id="footer-promo-bar"> <div class="inner"> <p class="meter-bar-short-dek"> <%= data.shortDek %> <a href="https://subscribe.finehomebuilding.com/FHB_trial?pk=W20120FS&returnURL=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.finehomebuilding.com%2F2024%2F11%2F11%2Fpassive-house-3-0&ref=fhb-exempt-gate" class="button" data-freetrial="Exempt View">Join Now</a> </p> <p class="meter-bar-login"> Already a member? <a href="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/user/login?return_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.finehomebuilding.com%2F2024%2F11%2F11%2Fpassive-house-3-0" rel="nofollow">Log in</a> </p> </div> </script> <div class="meter-bar meter-bar-expanded " id="meter-bar"></div> <div class="paywall-bar"> <div class="inner"> <h4 class="paywall-bar-hed">We hope you’ve enjoyed your free articles. To keep reading, become a member today.</h4> <p class="paywall-bar-dek">Get complete site access to expert advice, how-to videos, Code Check, and more, plus the print magazine.</p> <div class="meter-bar-bottom"> <p class="paywall-bar-subscribe"><a href="https://subscribe.finehomebuilding.com/FHB_trial?pk=W20120FS&returnURL=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.finehomebuilding.com%2F2024%2F11%2F11%2Fpassive-house-3-0&ref=fhb-meter-paywall" class="button" data-freetrial="Meter Paywall">Start your FREE trial</a></p> <p class="paywall-bar-login">Already a member? <a href="https://www.finehomebuilding.com/user/login?return_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.finehomebuilding.com%2F2024%2F11%2F11%2Fpassive-house-3-0" rel="nofollow" >Log in</a></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="paywall-overlay" style="display:none;"></div>  </body> </html>