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mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goukouni_Oueddei" title="Goukouni Oueddei – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Goukouni Oueddei" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goukouni_Oueddei" title="Goukouni Oueddei – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Goukouni Oueddei" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BD%CE%B9_%CE%9F%CF%85%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AD%CE%B9" title="Γκουκούνι Ουεντέι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γκουκούνι Ουεντέι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goukouni_Oueddei" title="Goukouni Oueddei – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Goukouni Oueddei" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%B9%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="گوکونی عویدی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گوکونی عویدی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goukouni_Oueddei" title="Goukouni Oueddei – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Goukouni Oueddei" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B5%AC%EC%BF%A0%EB%8B%88_%EC%9B%A8%EB%8D%B0%EC%9D%B4" title="구쿠니 웨데이 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="구쿠니 웨데이" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goukouni_Oueddei" title="Goukouni Oueddei – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Goukouni Oueddei" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goukouni_Oueddei" title="Goukouni Oueddei – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Goukouni Oueddei" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goukouni_Oueddei" title="Goukouni Oueddei – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Goukouni Oueddei" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goukouni_Oueddei" title="Goukouni Oueddei – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Goukouni Oueddei" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86%D9%89_%D8%B9%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%89" title="كوكونى عويدى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كوكونى عويدى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goukouni_Oueddei" title="Goukouni Oueddei – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Goukouni Oueddei" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B0%E3%82%AF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8B%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A7%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3" title="グクーニ・ウェディ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="グクーニ・ウェディ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%9C%DF%AD%DF%8E%DF%9E%DF%8E%DF%A3%DF%8C%DF%AB_%DF%A5%DF%98%DF%8A%DF%A6%DF%8C%DF%AB" title="ߜ߭ߎߞߎߣߌ߫ ߥߘߊߦߌ߫ – N’Ko" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߜ߭ߎߞߎߣߌ߫ ߥߘߊߦߌ߫" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="N’Ko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goukouni_Oueddei" title="Goukouni Oueddei – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Goukouni Oueddei" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goukouni_Oueddei" title="Goukouni Oueddei – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Goukouni Oueddei" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%8D%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9,_%D0%93%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Уэддей, Гукуни – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Уэддей, Гукуни" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goukouni_Oueddei" title="Goukouni Oueddei – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Goukouni Oueddei" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goukouni_Oueddei" title="Goukouni Oueddei – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Goukouni Oueddei" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%A3%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Гукуні Уеддей – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гукуні Уеддей" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goukouni_Oueddei" title="Goukouni Oueddei – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Goukouni Oueddei" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%BA%AB%E5%B0%BC%C2%B7%E9%9F%8B%E6%88%B4" 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">President of Chad from 1979 to 1982</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Goukouni Oueddei</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:125%; font-weight:bold;"><div class="nickname" lang="ar"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">كوكوني عويدي</span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">3rd <a href="/wiki/President_of_Chad" class="mw-redirect" title="President of Chad">President of Chad</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />3 September 1979 – 7 June 1982</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Djidingar_Dono_Ngardoum" title="Djidingar Dono Ngardoum">Djidingar Dono Ngardoum</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Vice President</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Wadel_Abdelkader_Kamougu%C3%A9" title="Wadel Abdelkader Kamougué">Wadel Abdelkader Kamougué</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lol_Mahamat_Choua" title="Lol Mahamat Choua">Lol Mahamat Choua</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hiss%C3%A8ne_Habr%C3%A9" title="Hissène Habré">Hissène Habré</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />23 March 1979 – 29 April 1979</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Vice President</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Vacant</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Malloum" title="Félix Malloum">Félix Malloum</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Lol Mahamat Choua</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">1944 (age 80–81)<br /><a href="/wiki/Zouar,_Chad" title="Zouar, Chad">Zouar</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_Equatorial_Africa" title="French Equatorial Africa">French Equatorial Africa</a><br />(present-day <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/FROLINAT" title="FROLINAT">FROLINAT</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Goukouni Oueddei</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">كوكوني عويدي</span> <i><span title="DIN 31635 Arabic (Arabic language) transliteration"><i lang="ar-Latn">Kūkūnī ʿWaīday</i></span></i>; born 1944)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chadian</a> politician who served as <a href="/wiki/President_of_Chad" class="mw-redirect" title="President of Chad">President of Chad</a> from 1979 to 1982. </p><p>A northerner, Goukouni commanded <a href="/wiki/FROLINAT" title="FROLINAT">FROLINAT</a> rebels with <a href="/wiki/History_of_Libya_under_Muammar_Gaddafi" title="History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi">Libyan</a> support during the first <a href="/wiki/Chadian_Civil_War_(1965-1979)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chadian Civil War (1965-1979)">Chadian Civil War</a> against Chad's southern-dominated government. Upon the rebel victory and the resignation of President <a href="/wiki/Felix_Malloum" class="mw-redirect" title="Felix Malloum">Felix Malloum</a> in 1979, he became the new president of <a href="/wiki/Transitional_Government_of_National_Unity_(Chad)" title="Transitional Government of National Unity (Chad)">Chad's new transitional coalition government</a> by the terms of the <a href="/wiki/Lagos_Accord" title="Lagos Accord">Lagos Accord</a>, with rival fellow rebel commander <a href="/wiki/Hiss%C3%A8ne_Habr%C3%A9" title="Hissène Habré">Hissène Habré</a> as defense minister. Goukouni pursued a pro-Libya policy; continued differences with Habré, who opposed Libya, led to him being overthrown by Habré's forces in 1982. He then became the foremost opponent to Habré's new government, and fought against him during the <a href="/wiki/Libyan-Chadian_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Libyan-Chadian conflict">Libyan-Chadian conflict</a> as a Libyan-backed rebel leader. In 1985, due to a supposed rift with his Libyan allies, he went into exile. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goukouni_Oueddei&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Goukouni is from the northern half of the country and is the son of <a href="/wiki/Oueddei_Kichidemi" title="Oueddei Kichidemi">Oueddei Kichidemi</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Derde" title="Derde">derde</a></i> of the <a href="/wiki/Teda_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Teda people">Teda</a>. He entered politics in the late 1960s as a militant in the <a href="/wiki/National_Liberation_Front_of_Chad" class="mw-redirect" title="National Liberation Front of Chad">National Liberation Front of Chad</a> (FROLINAT) led by <a href="/wiki/Abba_Siddick" title="Abba Siddick">Abba Siddick</a>. FROLINAT resented the political dominance enjoyed by southerners under the presidency of <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Tombalbaye" title="François Tombalbaye">François Tombalbaye</a> and advocated the participation of central and northern peoples. After Tombalbaye's assassination in 1975, tensions between the two geographical halves of the country escalated into a convoluted civil war that involved several Chadian political groups, <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, and <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>. The conflict lasted through the 1980s. Goukouni viewed the dictatorial Tombalbaye regime as an instrument of continued French hegemony in Chad. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="President">President</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goukouni_Oueddei&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: President"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Goukouni was installed as interim Chadian <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a> on 23 March 1979. He was acclaimed President of the <a href="/wiki/Transitional_Government_of_National_Unity_(Chad)" title="Transitional Government of National Unity (Chad)">Transitional Government of National Unity</a> (GUNT), which sought reconciliation between warring factions, on 10 November 1979. Goukouni, a <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> neutralist who supported Libya, was Head of State; <a href="/wiki/Wadel_Abdelkader_Kamougu%C3%A9" title="Wadel Abdelkader Kamougué">Wadel Abdelkader Kamougué</a> (a southern moderate) was Vice President; <a href="/wiki/Hiss%C3%A8ne_Habr%C3%A9" title="Hissène Habré">Hissène Habré</a> (a pro-West northerner) was Minister of Defence; and <a href="/wiki/Acyl_Ahmat" class="mw-redirect" title="Acyl Ahmat">Acyl Ahmat</a> (a strongly pro-Libyan Arab) was Minister of Foreign Affairs. </p><p>Personal rivalries (especially between erstwhile allies Goukouni and Habré) limited the government's effectiveness and contributed to the perception of Goukouni as an indecisive puppet of Libyan leader <a href="/wiki/Muammar_Gaddafi" title="Muammar Gaddafi">Muammar Gaddafi</a>. There was even a Libyan proposal to annex Chad, which drew opposition from all ideological camps. In a last-ditch attempt to salvage his beleaguered government, Goukouni appointed <a href="/wiki/Djidingar_Dono_Ngardoum" title="Djidingar Dono Ngardoum">Djidingar Dono Ngardoum</a> as prime minister on 19 May 1982. The GUNT was, however, overthrown by Habré loyalists on 7 June 1982. Goukouni fled from <a href="/wiki/N%27Djamena" title="N'Djamena">N'Djamena</a> across the <a href="/wiki/Chari_River" title="Chari River">Chari River</a> into <a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a>; he subsequently went into exile in <a href="/wiki/Tripoli,_Libya" title="Tripoli, Libya">Tripoli, Libya</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Habre_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Habre-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Acyl died in an unrelated accident, and Kamougué lost much of his base as Habré consolidated his power into a centralized military dictatorship. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="With_Libya">With Libya</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goukouni_Oueddei&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: With Libya"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By 1983, Goukouni returned to Chad with substantial Libyan assistance to fight the Habré régime through guerrilla warfare. He was the most recognized Chadian oppositionist, whose views carried significant weight, though Habré granted only limited concessions in an attempt to reconcile with Goukouni. The former president reportedly demanded a new constitution and liberalization of political party activity, to which Habré did not accede. </p><p>He was placed under house arrest in August 1985 in Tripoli when the Libyan government disapproved his intentions of negotiating a truce with Habré. In October 1985, Libyan police arrested Goukouni, and in the process they shot him in the stomach. He then broke with the Libyans and went into exile in <a href="/wiki/Algiers" title="Algiers">Algiers</a> instead<sup id="cite_ref-Habre_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Habre-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in February 1987.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, some questioned whether he had truly broken with the Libyans, and in July 1987 he said that he was on good terms with them.<sup id="cite_ref-Habre_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Habre-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Goukouni met with Chadian President <a href="/wiki/Idriss_D%C3%A9by" title="Idriss Déby">Idriss Déby</a> on 17 April 2007 in <a href="/wiki/Libreville" title="Libreville">Libreville</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a>, to discuss ways to end the <a href="/wiki/Chadian_Civil_War_(2005%E2%80%932010)" title="Chadian Civil War (2005–2010)">Second Chadian Civil War</a>. Saying that Chad was in grave danger, Goukouni expressed a hope that he could use his "<a href="/wiki/Moral_authority" title="Moral authority">moral authority</a>" to save it. He said that in turn he wanted to be allowed to return to Chad from exile in the future, and he said that Déby had agreed to that.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 19 April, the leaders of two rebel groups rejected Goukouni's offer to mediate.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Goukouni returned to Chad on 30 July 2007, along with about twenty other exiled opponents of the regime, for a discussion with Déby regarding the rebellion and how to resolve the situation. Goukouni and the others left Chad and returned to Libreville later on the same day.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He met with <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Nigerien</a> President <a href="/wiki/Mamadou_Tandja" title="Mamadou Tandja">Mamadou Tandja</a> on 4 March 2008, discussing the situation in Chad following the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_N%27Djamena_(2008)" title="Battle of N'Djamena (2008)">February 2008 Battle of N'Djamena</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2013 his youngest child, <a href="/wiki/Saadie_Goukouni_Weddeye" title="Saadie Goukouni Weddeye">Saadie Goukouni Weddeye</a>, was appointed to the Chadian government as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Minister_of_Social_Action&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minister of Social Action (page does not exist)">Minister of Social Action</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Special_envoy">Special envoy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goukouni_Oueddei&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Special envoy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Amidst the <a href="/wiki/2015_Burundian_unrest" class="mw-redirect" title="2015 Burundian unrest">2015 Burundian unrest</a>, central African leaders, including Déby, designated Goukouni as special envoy to the <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_(Africa)" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Lakes (Africa)">Great Lakes region</a> on 25 May 2015 in order to help resolve the situation in Burundi.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goukouni_Oueddei&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px 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a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLentz2014" class="citation book cs1">Lentz, Harris M. (4 February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=D6HKAgAAQBAJ&q=Goukouni+Oueddei+born&pg=PA156"><i>Heads of States and Governments Since 1945</i></a>. Routledge. p. 156. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781134264902" title="Special:BookSources/9781134264902"><bdi>9781134264902</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Heads+of+States+and+Governments+Since+1945&rft.pages=156&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014-02-04&rft.isbn=9781134264902&rft.aulast=Lentz&rft.aufirst=Harris+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DD6HKAgAAQBAJ%26q%3DGoukouni%2BOueddei%2Bborn%26pg%3DPA156&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoukouni+Oueddei" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Habre-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Habre_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Habre_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Habre_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">James Brooke, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0DE2D71F3FF93BA2575BC0A961948260">"Habre Policy in Chad: Name Ex-Foes to Key Posts"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, 18 August 1987.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James Brooke, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0DE1D81231F932A35757C0A961948260">"Chad said to win vast Libyan booty"</a>, <i>The New York Times</i>, 1 April 1987.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jeuneafrique.com/fluxafp/fil_info.asp?reg_id=0&art_cle=36305">"Tchad: Idriss Deby rencontre l'ex-président Goukouni Weddeye à Libreville"</a>, Agence France-Presse, 17 April 2007 <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jeuneafrique.com/jeune_afrique/article_depeche.asp?art_cle=AFP60227lancitnemet0">"L'ancien président Goukouni Weddeye veut "sauver le Tchad" de l'éclatement"</a>, Agence France-Presse, 18 April 2007 <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jeuneafrique.com/jeune_afrique/article_depeche.asp?art_cle=AFP75957lesreinuoku0">"Les rebelles rejettent la médiation de l'ex-président Goukouni"</a>, Agence France-Presse, 19 April 2007 <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.primature-tchad.org/index.php?2007/07/31/565-une-innovation-dans-la-demarche-de-restauration-de-la-paix-au-tchad">"Une innovation dans la démarche de restauration de la paix au Tchad"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927225747/http://www.primature-tchad.org/index.php?2007%2F07%2F31%2F565-une-innovation-dans-la-demarche-de-restauration-de-la-paix-au-tchad">Archived</a> 27 September 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Chadian government web site, 31 July 2007 <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jeuneafrique.com/pays/tchad/article_depeche.asp?art_cle=XIN80028lancineirgi0">"L'ancien président tchadien Goukouni Weddeye reçu par le chef de l'Etat nigérien"</a>, Xinhua, 4 March 2008 <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Justine Spiegel, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jeuneafrique.com/138409/politique/tchad-saadie-goukouni-weddeye-enfant-de-l-exil/">"Saadie Goukouni Weddeye, enfant de l’exil"</a>, <i>Jeune Afrique</i>, 7 February 2013 <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span>. Retrieved 6 February 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Clement Manirabarusha and Goran Tomasevic, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-burundi-politics-idUSKBN0OA10T20150525">"Opposition breaks off Burundi peace talks over killing of opposition leader"</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>, 25 May 2015.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Malloum" title="Félix Malloum">Félix Malloum</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Heads_of_State_of_Chad" class="mw-redirect" title="Heads of State of Chad">Head of State of Chad</a> </b><br />1979 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Lol_Mahamat_Choua" title="Lol Mahamat Choua">Lol Mahamat Choua</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Lol_Mahamat_Choua" title="Lol Mahamat Choua">Lol Mahamat Choua</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Heads_of_State_of_Chad" class="mw-redirect" title="Heads of State of Chad">Head of State of Chad</a> </b><br />1979–1982 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Hiss%C3%A8ne_Habr%C3%A9" title="Hissène Habré">Hissène Habré</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Heads_of_state_of_Chad101" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Presidents_of_Chad" title="Template:Presidents of Chad"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Presidents_of_Chad" title="Template talk:Presidents of Chad"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents_of_Chad" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents of Chad"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Heads_of_state_of_Chad101" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Chad" title="List of heads of state of Chad">Heads of state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Tombalbaye" title="François Tombalbaye">Tombalbaye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No%C3%ABl_Milarew_Odingar" title="Noël Milarew Odingar">Odingar</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Malloum" title="Félix Malloum">Malloum</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Oueddei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lol_Mahamat_Choua" title="Lol Mahamat Choua">Choua</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Oueddei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiss%C3%A8ne_Habr%C3%A9" title="Hissène Habré">Habré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idriss_D%C3%A9by" title="Idriss Déby">I. Déby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahamat_D%C3%A9by" title="Mahamat Déby">M. Déby</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Chad.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Chad"><img alt="Flag of Chad" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/50px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/75px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/100px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>*acting</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q548636#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata667" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q548636#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata667" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q548636#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000478584229">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/4922157040172467040005">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1284340066">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2021011075">United States</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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