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searchaux" style="display:none">Hindu religious leader</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;background: #FFC569; color: #000000;"><div class="fn">Viṣṇusvāmī</div></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #FFC569; color: #000000;">Religious life</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Philosophy</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Shuddhadvaita" title="Shuddhadvaita">Shuddhadvaita</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hindu_philosophy" title="Hindu philosophy">Hindu philosophy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vedanta" title="Vedanta">Vedanta</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Viṣṇusvāmī</b> was a <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a> religious leader. He is primarily known for having started the <a href="/wiki/Rudra_sampradaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Rudra sampradaya">Rudra sampradaya</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are almost no sources on the life of Viṣṇusvāmī. The dates of Viṣṇusvāmī's life are unknown, but scholars conjecture he lived circa the 13th century. Viṣṇusvāmī's own works do not survive, and thus little is directly known of his theological positions. His students are also unknown, and his lineage did not continue uninterrupted.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Śrīdhara's commentaries on the <i><a href="/wiki/Bh%C4%81gavata_Pur%C4%81%E1%B9%87a" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhāgavata Purāṇa">Bhāgavata Purāṇa</a></i> and the <i><a href="/wiki/Vishnu_Purana" title="Vishnu Purana">Viṣṇu Purāṇa</a></i> (c. 1250), Viṣṇusvāmī considered <a href="/wiki/Narasimha" title="Narasimha">Narasiṁha</a> to be the supreme deity. <a href="/wiki/Vidyaranya" title="Vidyaranya">Mādhavācārya's</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Sarva-Darsana-Sangraha" title="Sarva-Darsana-Sangraha">Sarvadarśanasaṅgraha</a></i> (14th century) quotes the <i>Sākarasiddhi</i>, a work of one of Viṣṇusvāmī's followers, and states the same.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Vallabha's commentary on the <i>Bhāgavata Purāṇa</i>, <i>Subodhinī</i>, he states that Viṣṇusvāmī's devotional path was of the <a href="/wiki/Tamas_(philosophy)" title="Tamas (philosophy)">tamāsa guṇa</a>, while he states his own is nirguṇa.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Gadādharadāsa's <i>Saṁpradāyapradīpa</i> (colophon states A.D. 1552–54, but according to Hawley, actually from the latter half of the 1600s),<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at one point in <a href="/wiki/Kali_Yuga" title="Kali Yuga">Kali Yuga</a> a king from Drāviḍa country had conquered all of India and Viṣṇusvāmī was the son of that king's Brāhmaṇa minister.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There exists a copper land-grant plate dated to 1661, which states that the <a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara_Empire" title="Vijayanagara Empire">Vijayanagara</a> ruler <a href="/wiki/Sriranga_III" title="Sriranga III">Raṁga Rāya</a> gifted the villages of Raṇaghaṭa and Hirekalyāṇi to the head of the Viṣṇusvāmī <a href="/wiki/Matha" title="Matha">maṭha</a>. The plate states that Viṣṇusvāmī could claim apostolic succession to one Gauḍapāda, the student of <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Auka" class="mw-redirect" title="Śuka">Śuka</a>, and thereby to <a href="/wiki/Vy%C4%81sa" class="mw-redirect" title="Vyāsa">Vyāsa</a> and <a href="/wiki/N%C4%81rada" class="mw-redirect" title="Nārada">Nārada</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the time of <a href="/wiki/Vallabha" title="Vallabha">Vallabha</a> the sect was barely in existence and a man named Vilvamaṁgala was the ācārya. When Vallabha won the śāstrārtha in Vidyanagara, he became the ācārya of the school and greatly promoted its ideas.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMītala1968151-152_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMītala1968151-152-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1812, the king of Mysore <a href="/wiki/Krishnaraja_Wodeyar_III" title="Krishnaraja Wodeyar III">Kr̥ṣṇa Rāja Oḍeyar III</a> remitted the taxes owed by Kr̥ṣṇānanda Svāmī, who was the head of the Viṣṇusvāmī maṭha.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vishnuswami&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span 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class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=krBPtA-3_8UC&dq=rudra+sampradaya&pg=PA57">The Sadhus and Indian Civilisation</a> By Vijay Prakash Sharma</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4IrQkw5x2o4C&dq=Rudra+sampradaya&pg=PA129">Vaisnavism: Contemporary Scholars Discuss the Gaudiya Tradition</a> Steven Rosen</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gDjzm-hdzq0C&dq=Rudra+sampradaya&pg=PA282">Advanced History of Medieval India</a> S R Bakshi</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMītala1968" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Mītala, Prabhudayāla (1968). <i>Braja ke Dharma-Saṁpradāyoṁ kā Itihāsa [Braja kā Sāṁskr̥tika Itihāsa, Bhāga २]</i> [<i>History of Braj's Religious Sects [Cultural History of Braj, Volume 2]</i>] (in Hindi). Neśanala Pabliśiṁga Hāusa. pp. <span class="nowrap">151–</span>152.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Braja+ke+Dharma-Sa%E1%B9%81prad%C4%81yo%E1%B9%81+k%C4%81+Itih%C4%81sa+%5BBraja+k%C4%81+S%C4%81%E1%B9%81skr%CC%A5tika+Itih%C4%81sa%2C+Bh%C4%81ga+%E0%A5%A8%5D&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E151-%3C%2Fspan%3E152&rft.pub=Ne%C5%9Banala+Pabli%C5%9Bi%E1%B9%81ga+H%C4%81usa&rft.date=1968&rft.aulast=M%C4%ABtala&rft.aufirst=Prabhuday%C4%81la&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVishnuswami" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFŚāstrī1977" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Keshavram_Kashiram_Shastri" title="Keshavram Kashiram Shastri">Śāstrī</a>, Keśavarāma Kā. (1977). "Śrīviṣṇusvāmīno sampradāya". <i>Śrīvallabhācārya mahāprabhujī [aithihyamūlaka jīvanī]</i>. Śrī Sayājī Sāhityamāḷā (in Gujarati). <a href="/wiki/Vadodra" class="mw-redirect" title="Vadodra">Vaḍodara</a>: <a href="/wiki/Maharaja_Sayajirao_University_of_Baroda" title="Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda">Prācyavidyā Mandira, Mahārājā Sayājīrāva Viśvavidyālaya</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%C5%9Ar%C4%ABvi%E1%B9%A3%E1%B9%87usv%C4%81m%C4%ABno+samprad%C4%81ya&rft.btitle=%C5%9Ar%C4%ABvallabh%C4%81c%C4%81rya+mah%C4%81prabhuj%C4%AB+%5Baithihyam%C5%ABlaka+j%C4%ABvan%C4%AB%5D&rft.place=Va%E1%B8%8Dodara&rft.series=%C5%9Ar%C4%AB+Say%C4%81j%C4%AB+S%C4%81hityam%C4%81%E1%B8%B7%C4%81&rft.pub=Pr%C4%81cyavidy%C4%81+Mandira%2C+Mah%C4%81r%C4%81j%C4%81+Say%C4%81j%C4%ABr%C4%81va+Vi%C5%9Bvavidy%C4%81laya&rft.date=1977&rft.aulast=%C5%9A%C4%81str%C4%AB&rft.aufirst=Ke%C5%9Bavar%C4%81ma+K%C4%81.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVishnuswami" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHawley2013" class="citation book cs1">Hawley, John Stratton (2013). "How Vallabhacharya Met Krishnadevaraya". In Verghese, Anila (ed.). <i>Krishnadevaraya and His Times</i>. Mumbai: K R Cama Oriental Institute. pp. <span class="nowrap">88–</span>93.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=How+Vallabhacharya+Met+Krishnadevaraya&rft.btitle=Krishnadevaraya+and+His+Times&rft.place=Mumbai&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E88-%3C%2Fspan%3E93&rft.pub=K+R+Cama+Oriental+Institute&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Hawley&rft.aufirst=John+Stratton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVishnuswami" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaletore1936" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Saletore, Bhasker Anand (1936). <i>Ancient Karnāṭaka</i>. Poona Oriental Series No. 53. Vol. I: History of Tuḷuva. Oriental Book Agency. pp. <span class="nowrap">456–</span>457.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Karn%C4%81%E1%B9%ADaka&rft.series=Poona+Oriental+Series+No.+53&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E456-%3C%2Fspan%3E457&rft.pub=Oriental+Book+Agency&rft.date=1936&rft.aulast=Saletore&rft.aufirst=Bhasker+Anand&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVishnuswami" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMītala1968151-152-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMītala1968151-152_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMītala1968">Mītala 1968</a>, p. 151-152.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1271159938">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}.mw-parser-output :not(p):not(.asbox)+style+.asbox,.mw-parser-output :not(p):not(.asbox)+link+.asbox{margin-top:3em}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Om_symbol.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Stub icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Om_symbol.svg/30px-Om_symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Om_symbol.svg/45px-Om_symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Om_symbol.svg/60px-Om_symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="356" data-file-height="367" /></a></span></td><td><p class="asbox-body">This article about a person notable in Hinduism is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">stub</a>. 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