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id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terbaru" title="Daftar perubahan terbaru dalam wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Perubahan terbaru</span></a></li><li id="n-Artikel-pilihan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Artikel_pilihan/Topik"><span>Artikel pilihan</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Peristiwa_terkini" title="Temukan informasi tentang peristiwa terkini"><span>Peristiwa terkini</span></a></li><li id="n-newpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_baru"><span>Halaman baru</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_sembarang" title="Tampilkan sembarang halaman [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Halaman sembarang</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Komunitas" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Komunitas" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Komunitas </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Warung-Kopi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Warung_Kopi"><span>Warung Kopi</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Komunitas" title="Tentang proyek, apa yang dapat Anda lakukan, di mana untuk mencari sesuatu"><span>Portal komunitas</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Isi" title="Tempat mencari bantuan."><span>Bantuan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Wikipedia" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Wikipedia" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Wikipedia </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Perihal"><span>Tentang Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Pancapilar" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pancapilar"><span>Pancapilar</span></a></li><li id="n-Kebijakan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kebijakan_dan_pedoman"><span>Kebijakan</span></a></li><li id="n-Hubungi-kami" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hubungi_kami"><span>Hubungi kami</span></a></li><li id="n-Bak-pasir" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bak_pasir"><span>Bak pasir</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Bagikan" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Bagikan emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bagikan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Halaman_Utama" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; 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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Masuk log</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Halaman penyunting yang telah keluar log <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengantar" aria-label="Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>pelajari lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Kontribusi_saya" title="Daftar suntingan yang dibuat dari alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kontribusi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pembicaraan_saya" title="Pembicaraan tentang suntingan dari alamat IP ini [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Sejarah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sejarah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Sejarah</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sejarah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bagian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bagian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Bagian</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Bagian-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Bagian</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Bagian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cincin_pertumbuhan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cincin_pertumbuhan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Cincin pertumbuhan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cincin_pertumbuhan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mata_kayu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mata_kayu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Mata kayu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mata_kayu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kayu_teras" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kayu_teras"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Kayu teras</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kayu_teras-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kayu_gubal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kayu_gubal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Kayu gubal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kayu_gubal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kayu_keras_dan_kayu_lunak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kayu_keras_dan_kayu_lunak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Kayu keras dan kayu lunak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kayu_keras_dan_kayu_lunak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sifat_fisik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sifat_fisik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Sifat fisik</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sifat_fisik-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Sifat fisik</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sifat_fisik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kadar_air" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kadar_air"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Kadar air</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kadar_air-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Unsur_kimiawi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unsur_kimiawi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Unsur kimiawi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Unsur_kimiawi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Unsur kimiawi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Unsur_kimiawi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Senyawa_ekstraktif" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Senyawa_ekstraktif"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Senyawa ekstraktif</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Senyawa_ekstraktif-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kayu_monokotil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kayu_monokotil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Kayu monokotil</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kayu_monokotil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Manfaat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manfaat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Manfaat</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Manfaat-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Manfaat</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Manfaat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bahan_bakar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bahan_bakar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Bahan bakar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bahan_bakar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Seni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Seni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Olahraga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Olahraga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Olahraga</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Olahraga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kedokteran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kedokteran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Kedokteran</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kedokteran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bahan_salib_Kristen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bahan_salib_Kristen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>Bahan salib Kristen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bahan_salib_Kristen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lihat_pula" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_pula"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Lihat pula</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihat_pula-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pustaka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pustaka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Pustaka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pustaka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pranala_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pranala_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Pranala luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pranala_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kayu</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 150 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-150" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">150 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hout" title="Hout – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Hout" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holz" title="Holz – Jerman (Swiss)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Holz" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Jerman (Swiss)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A5%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%A8%E1%89%B5" title="እንጨት – Amharik" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="እንጨት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusta" title="Fusta – Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Fusta" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holt" title="Holt – Inggris Kuno" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Holt" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Inggris Kuno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B4%D8%A8" title="خشب – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="خشب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A9%DC%9D%DC%A3%DC%90" title="ܩܝܣܐ – Aram" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܩܝܣܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aram" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B4%D8%A8" title="خشب – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="خشب" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madera" title="Madera – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Madera" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxta" title="Taxta – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Taxta" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%AC_(%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87)" title="آغاج (ماده) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آغاج (ماده)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D2%99%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Үҙағас – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Үҙағас" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoiz" title="Hoiz – Bavaria" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Hoiz" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Med%C4%97ina" title="Medėina – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Medėina" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kahoy" title="Kahoy – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Kahoy" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Драўніна – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Драўніна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Драўніна – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Драўніна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Дървесина – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Дървесина" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%80" title="लकड़ी – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="लकड़ी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A0" title="কাঠ – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কাঠ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koad" title="Koad – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Koad" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drvo_(materijal)" title="Drvo (materijal) – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Drvo (materijal)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusta" title="Fusta – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Fusta" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A0" title="Chà – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Chà" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kahoy" title="Kahoy – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Kahoy" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A0%E1%8F%93" title="ᎠᏓ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎠᏓ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8E%D9%88" title="چێو – Kurdi Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="چێو" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C4%9Fa%C3%A7" title="Ağaç – Tatar Krimea" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Ağaç" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Tatar Krimea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%99evo" title="Dřevo – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Dřevo" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D1%8B%D0%B2%C4%83%C3%A7_(%D0%B9%C4%83%D0%BC%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%85)" title="Йывăç (йăмлăх) – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Йывăç (йăмлăх)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pren" title="Pren – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Pren" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C3%A6_(materiale)" title="Træ (materiale) – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Træ (materiale)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holz" title="Holz – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Holz" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textci" title="Textci – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Textci" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9E%CF%8D%CE%BB%CE%BF" title="Ξύλο – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ξύλο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A8gn" title="Lègn – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Lègn" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood" title="Wood – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Wood" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligno" title="Ligno – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ligno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madera" title="Madera – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Madera" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puit" title="Puit – Esti" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Puit" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Esti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zur" title="Zur – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zur" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maera" title="Maera – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Maera" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%88%D8%A8" title="چوب – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="چوب" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puuaines" title="Puuaines – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Puuaines" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kau" title="Kau – Fiji" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Kau" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bois" title="Bois – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bois" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holt" title="Holt – Frisia Utara" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Holt" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hout" title="Hout – Frisia Barat" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Hout" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Barat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adhmad" title="Adhmad – Irlandia" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Adhmad" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%A8" title="木 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="木" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bwa" title="Bwa – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Bwa" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiodh" title="Fiodh – Gaelik Skotlandia" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Fiodh" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Gaelik Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Madeira" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yvyra" title="Yvyra – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Yvyra" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katako" title="Katako – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Katako" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muk" title="Muk – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Muk" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%A5_(%D7%97%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A8_%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%9D)" title="עץ (חומר גלם) – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עץ (חומר גלם)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%80" title="लकड़ी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="लकड़ी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakrri" title="Lakrri – Hindi Fiji" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Lakrri" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Hindi Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drvo_(materijal)" title="Drvo (materijal) – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Drvo (materijal)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bwa" title="Bwa – Kreol Haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Bwa" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Kreol Haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fa_(anyag)" title="Fa (anyag) – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Fa (anyag)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%93%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%BF" title="Փայտ – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Փայտ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligno" title="Ligno – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Ligno" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%83k%C3%BA" title="Ńkú – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Ńkú" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qiruk" title="Qiruk – Inupiak" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Qiruk" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligno" title="Ligno – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Ligno" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi%C3%B0ur" title="Viður – Islandia" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Viður" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legno" title="Legno – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Legno" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E6%9D%90" title="木材 – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="木材" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kayu" title="Kayu – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kayu" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="მერქანი – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მერქანი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/As%C9%A3a%E1%B9%9B" title="Asɣaṛ – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Asɣaṛ" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%89ee%C9%A3a" title="Ɖeeɣa – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Ɖeeɣa" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D2%93%D0%B0%D1%88_(%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB)" title="Ағаш (материал) – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ағаш (материал)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AA%A9%EC%9E%AC" title="목재 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="목재" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%8B%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%87" title="Жыгач – Kirgiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Жыгач" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lignum" title="Lignum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lignum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holz_(Material)" title="Holz (Material) – Luksemburg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Holz (Material)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luksemburg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenio" title="Lenio – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Lenio" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hout" title="Hout – Limburgia" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Hout" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legn" title="Legn – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Legn" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediena" title="Mediena – Lituavi" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Mediena" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituavi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koksne" title="Koksne – Latvi" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Koksne" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaju" title="Kaju – Madura" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Kaju" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madura" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazo_(akora)" title="Hazo (akora) – Malagasi" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Hazo (akora)" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kayu" title="Kayu – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Kayu" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF" title="തടി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="തടി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A1" title="लाकूड – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="लाकूड" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kayu" title="Kayu – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kayu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injam" title="Injam – Malta" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Injam" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Malta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="သစ်သား – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="သစ်သား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%88" title="چو – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="چو" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lignammo" title="Lignammo – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Lignammo" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holt_(Bostoff)" title="Holt (Bostoff) – Jerman Rendah" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Holt (Bostoff)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Rendah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holt" title="Holt – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Holt" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%81" title="सिँ – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="सिँ" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hout" title="Hout – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hout" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trevirke" title="Trevirke – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Trevirke" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treverk" title="Treverk – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Treverk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusta" title="Fusta – Ositania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Fusta" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ositania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puuaines" title="Puuaines – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Puuaines" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%9C" title="ਲੱਕੜ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਲੱਕੜ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B2" title="Bò – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Bò" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drewno_(technika)" title="Drewno (technika) – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Drewno (technika)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DA%A9%DA%91%DB%8C" title="لکڑی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لکڑی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%B1%DA%AB%DB%8C" title="لرګی – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="لرګی" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Madeira" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%27iru" title="Q'iru – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Q'iru" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemn" title="Lemn – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Lemn" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemnu" title="Lemnu – Aromania" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Lemnu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Древесина – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Древесина" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B4" title="ᱠᱟᱴ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱠᱟᱴ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lignu_(materia)" title="Lignu (materia) – Sisilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Lignu (materia)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wid" title="Wid – Skotlandia" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Wid" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AA%D8%A7%D9%BA" title="ڪاٺ – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڪاٺ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drvo_(materijal)" title="Drvo (materijal) – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Drvo (materijal)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akccu%E1%B8%8D" title="Akccuḍ – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Akccuḍ" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood" title="Wood – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Wood" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drevo" title="Drevo – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Drevo" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les" title="Les – Sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Les" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alwaax" title="Alwaax – Somalia" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Alwaax" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Druri" title="Druri – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Druri" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE_(%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB)" title="Дрво (материјал) – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Дрво (материјал)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kai" title="Kai – Sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Kai" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C3%A4" title="Trä – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Trä" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubao" title="Ubao – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ubao" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_(%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D)" title="மரம் (மூலப்பொருள்) – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மரம் (மூலப்பொருள்)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9A%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%95" title="చెక్క – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="చెక్క" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D3%AF%D0%B1" title="Чӯб – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Чӯб" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%89" title="ไม้ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไม้" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kahoy" title="Kahoy – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kahoy" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BBAkau_(langa)" title="ʻAkau (langa) – Tonga" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="ʻAkau (langa)" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tahta" title="Tahta – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tahta" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%87" title="Үзагач – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Үзагач" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Деревина – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Деревина" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DA%A9%DA%91%DB%8C" title="لکڑی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="لکڑی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yog%CA%BBoch" title="Yogʻoch – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Yogʻoch" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81egno" title="Łegno – Venesia" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Łegno" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pu_(material)" title="Pu (material) – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Pu (material)" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%E1%BB%97" title="Gỗ – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Gỗ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Out" title="Out – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Out" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boad" title="Boad – Volapuk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Boad" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapuk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kahoy" title="Kahoy – Warai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kahoy" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Warai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E6%9D%90" title="木材 – Wu Tionghoa" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="木材" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A5" title="האלץ – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="האלץ" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E6%9D%90" title="木材 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="木材" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chh%C3%A2" title="Chhâ – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chhâ" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%A8" title="木 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="木" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a 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memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pranala balik</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terkait/Kayu" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terbaru halaman-halaman yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan terkait</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_istimewa" title="Daftar semua halaman istimewa [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Halaman istimewa</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kayu&oldid=24985073" title="Pranala permanen untuk revisi halaman ini"><span>Pranala permanen</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kayu&action=info" title="Informasi lanjut tentang halaman ini"><span>Informasi halaman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Kutip&page=Kayu&id=24985073&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasi tentang bagaimana mengutip halaman ini"><span>Kutip halaman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKayu"><span>Lihat URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKayu"><span>Unduh kode QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/ekspor </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Kayu"><span>Buat buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:DownloadAsPdf&page=Kayu&action=show-download-screen"><span>Unduh versi PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kayu&printable=yes" title="Versi cetak halaman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam proyek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wood" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q287" title="Pranala untuk menghubungkan butir pada ruang penyimpanan data [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir di Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button 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width="180" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Birnbaum01.jpg/270px-Birnbaum01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Birnbaum01.jpg/360px-Birnbaum01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="930" data-file-height="1343" /></a><figcaption>Pola lapisan pada permukaan kayu</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Kayu</b> adalah bagian <a href="/wiki/Batang" title="Batang">batang</a> atau cabang serta ranting <a href="/wiki/Tumbuhan" title="Tumbuhan">tumbuhan</a> yang mengeras karena mengalami <a href="/wiki/Lignin" title="Lignin">lignifikasi</a> (pengayuan). </p><p>Kayu digunakan untuk berbagai keperluan, mulai dari memasak, membuat perabot (<a href="/wiki/Meja" title="Meja">meja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kursi" title="Kursi">kursi</a>), <a href="/wiki/Bahan_bangunan" title="Bahan bangunan">bahan bangunan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pintu" title="Pintu">pintu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jendela" title="Jendela">jendela</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rangka_atap" class="mw-redirect" title="Rangka atap">rangka atap</a>), bahan <a href="/wiki/Kertas" title="Kertas">kertas</a>, dan masih banyak lagi. Kayu juga dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai hiasan rumah tangga, perkantoran dan lain sebagainya. </p><p>Penyebab terbentuknya kayu adalah akibat akumulasi <a href="/wiki/Selulosa" title="Selulosa">selulosa</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Lignin" title="Lignin">lignin</a> pada dinding sel berbagai <a href="/wiki/Jaringan" title="Jaringan">jaringan</a> di batang. </p><p>Ilmu kayu (<i>wood science</i>) mempelajari berbagai aspek mengenai klasifikasi kayu serta sifat-sifat kimia, fisika, dan mekanika kayu dalam berbagai kondisi penanganan. </p><p>Beberapa jenis kayu dipilih karena bersifat kedap air, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Isolator&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isolator (halaman belum tersedia)">isolator</a>, dan mudah untuk dibentuk. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sejarah">Sejarah</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kayu&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Sejarah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kayu&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sejarah"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tumbuhan berkayu muncul di alam diperkirakan pertama kali pada 395 hingga 400 juta tahun yang lalu.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Manusia telah menggunakan kayu untuk berbagai kebutuhan sejak ribuan tahun, terutama untuk <a href="/wiki/Bahan_bakar" title="Bahan bakar">bahan bakar</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Bahan_bangunan" title="Bahan bangunan">bahan konstruksi</a> untuk membuat <a href="/wiki/Rumah" title="Rumah">rumah</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Senjata" title="Senjata">senjata</a> serta sebagai bahan baku industri (misal pengemasan dan <a href="/wiki/Kertas" title="Kertas">kertas</a>). Kayu bisa dijadikan referensi sejarah mengenai kondisi iklim dan cuaca pada masa pohon tersebut tumbuh melalui variasi jarak antar cincin pertumbuhan.<sup id="cite_ref-Briffa,_2008_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Briffa,_2008-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bagian">Bagian</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kayu&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Bagian" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kayu&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Bagian"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Wood_Knot.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Wood_Knot.JPG/220px-Wood_Knot.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Wood_Knot.JPG/330px-Wood_Knot.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Wood_Knot.JPG/440px-Wood_Knot.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>Mata kayu</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Taxus_wood.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Taxus_wood.jpg/180px-Taxus_wood.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Taxus_wood.jpg/270px-Taxus_wood.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Taxus_wood.jpg/360px-Taxus_wood.jpg 2x" data-file-width="421" data-file-height="427" /></a><figcaption>Penampang melintang kayu. Titik bagian dalam adalah empulur, bagian kayu berwarna gelap adalah kayu teras, dan bagian berwarna terang adalah bagian kayu hidup (kayu gubal, memiliki pembuluh kayu fungsional).</figcaption></figure> <p>Batang pohon yang dipotong melintang akan memperlihatkan bagian-bagian kayu, yang kerap kali berbeda warna. Bagian terdalam adalah <i><a href="/wiki/Empulur" title="Empulur">empulur</a></i> yang lunak, lalu ke bagian luar adalah <i>kayu teras</i>, <i>kayu gubal</i>, dan terakhir adalah <i><a href="/wiki/Pepagan" title="Pepagan">pepagan</a></i> (kulit kayu). Bagian percabangan akan memperlihatkan pola khusus, yang biasa disebut sebagai "mata kayu". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cincin_pertumbuhan">Cincin pertumbuhan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kayu&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Cincin pertumbuhan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kayu&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Cincin pertumbuhan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18844875">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/wiki/Dendrokronologi" title="Dendrokronologi">Dendrokronologi</a></div> <p>Cincin pertumbuhan atau juga disebut lingkaran tumbuh adalah gambar pola-pola konsentrik pada penampang melintang kayu. Terbentuknya cincin pertumbuhan kayu ini adalah karena terjadinya perbedaan musim yang dialami oleh pohon tersebut. Pada satu tahun pohon akan mengalami periode dengan pertumbuhan cepat dan periode dengan pertumbuhan yang lambat, dan itu mempengaruhi pertumbuhan diameter batang pohon. Diameter yang bertumbuh cepat, lalu melambat, akan membentuk cincin satu tahun, dan seterusnya. </p><p>Bagian paling tengah dari cincin pertumbuhan kayu merupakan tahap hidup awal dari sebuah pohon yang masih mengalami pertumbuhan relatif lebih cepat, sehingga massa jenisnya lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan bagian kayu dari cincin pertumbuhan yang dekat dengan kulit terluarnya.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mata_kayu">Mata kayu</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kayu&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Mata kayu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kayu&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Mata kayu"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mata kayu atau <i>knot</i> adalah bagian dari kayu yang merupakan dasar dari percabangan atau kuncup yang dorman. Mata kayu memiliki pengaruh terhadap kayu, dan sering kali berpengaruh negatif. Mata kayu mengurangi kekuatan kayu sehingga akan bernilai rendah ketika digunakan sebagai struktur bangunan atau keperluan lain di mana kekuatan menjadi pertimbangan.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Namun untuk tujuan <a href="/wiki/Seni" title="Seni">seni</a>, keberadaan mata kayu dapat meningkatkan nilai. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kayu_teras">Kayu teras</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kayu&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Kayu teras" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kayu&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kayu teras"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kayu teras (disebut juga <i>heartwood</i>, <i>duramen</i><sup id="cite_ref-eb-alburnum_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eb-alburnum-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) adalah kayu yang terbentuk lebih awal pada suatu <a href="/wiki/Pohon" title="Pohon">pohon</a> dan telah mati dan terletak di bagian dalam dari sebuah kayu. Kayu teras tidak memiliki pembuluh yang berfungsi lagi. Kayu teras sebelumnya adalah kayu gubal (bagian dari kayu yang masih hidup) yang mengalami penumpukan mineral. Keberadaan mineral ini menjadikan kayu teras cenderung lebih keras dibandingkan kayu gubal. Seiring dengan pertumbuhan kayu, diameter batang melebar, saluran pembuluh baru terbentuk dekat dengan tepi luar, dan saluran pembuluh yang lebih dalam perlahan mati. Meski dikatakan telah mati, kayu teras masih menanggapi respon terhadap organisme yang menyerang kayu, meski hanya sekali.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Biasanya kayu teras dapat dibedakan dengan kayu gubal secara visual. Namun tidak semua tumbuhan berkayu menghasilkan kayu teras. </p><p>Kayu teras bukanlah komponen terpenting dari sebuah pohon, karena pohon yang sudah berusia terlalu tua, bagian kayu terasnya dapat saja sudah membusuk namun pohon tersebut masih tetap hidup. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kayu_gubal">Kayu gubal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kayu&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Kayu gubal" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kayu&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kayu gubal"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kayu gubal (disebut juga <i>sapwood</i>, <i>alburnum</i><sup id="cite_ref-eb-alburnum_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eb-alburnum-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) adalah bagian dari kayu yang dekat dengan tepi luar dan masih hidup.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECapon200565_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECapon200565-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Semua kayu pada awalnya adalah kayu gubal hingga ia mati dan membentuk kayu teras. Kayu gubal mengandung pembuluh yang menghantarkan air dari akar ke daun dan juga untuk menyimpan air. Semakin banyak jumlah daun, semakin besar volume kayu gubal. Kayu gubal lebih tebal di batang bagian atas, tetapi secara volume sama dengan batang bagian bawah. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kayu_keras_dan_kayu_lunak">Kayu keras dan kayu lunak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kayu&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bagian: Kayu keras dan kayu lunak" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kayu&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kayu keras dan kayu lunak"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ada kaitan yang erat antara sifat-sifat kayu dengan sifat jenis <a href="/wiki/Pohon" title="Pohon">pohon</a> yang menghasilkannya. Kerapatan (<a href="/wiki/Densitas" class="mw-redirect" title="Densitas">densitas</a>) kayu bervariasi menurut <a href="/wiki/Spesies" title="Spesies">spesiesnya</a> dan menentukan kekuatan kayu tersebut. Kayu <a href="/wiki/Mahoni" title="Mahoni">mahoni</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Jati" title="Jati">jati</a>, misalnya, memiliki kerapatan sedang hingga tinggi, sehingga baik untuk diolah sebagai furniture dan kayu <a href="/wiki/Konstruksi" title="Konstruksi">konstruksi</a>. Akan tetapi kayu <a href="/wiki/Dadap" title="Dadap">dadap</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Kapuk" class="mw-redirect" title="Kapuk">kapuk</a> kerapatannya rendah, sehingga hanya layak untuk membuat begisting atau penggunaan lain yang tidak memerlukan banyak kekuatan. </p><p>Namun, pengertian 'kayu keras' dan 'kayu lunak' dalam <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris" title="Bahasa Inggris">bahasa Inggris</a> (yakni <i>hardwood</i> dan <i>softwood</i>, berturut-turut) lebih terkait dengan kelompok tumbuhan yang menghasilkannya. <i>Hardwood</i> dihasilkan oleh jenis-jenis pohon berdaun lebar (kelompok <a href="/wiki/Dikotil" class="mw-redirect" title="Dikotil">dikotil</a>), sedangkan <i>softwood</i> dihasilkan oleh pohon-pohon berdaun jarum (<a href="/wiki/Konifer" class="mw-redirect" title="Konifer">konifer</a>). Dalam kenyataannya, jenis-jenis 'kayu keras' tertentu, yang memiliki kerapatan rendah, bisa jadi lebih lunak daripada beberapa jenis 'kayu lunak' berkerapatan tinggi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sifat_fisik">Sifat fisik</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kayu&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bagian: Sifat fisik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kayu&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sifat fisik"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Setiap jenis kayu memiliki sifat fisik yang bervariasi, yang menentukan kualitas dan fungsi dari kayu tersebut. Kayu lunak (<i>softwood</i>) misalnya lebih dipilih untuk menjadi <a href="/wiki/Kertas" title="Kertas">kertas</a> karena mudah dihancurkan dan dijadikan <a href="/wiki/Pulp" title="Pulp">pulp</a>. Sedangkan kayu keras (<i>hardwood</i>) digunakan sebagai tiang bangunan. Selain itu, keberadaan fitur tertentu seperti knot (mata kayu) dan warna juga mempengaruhi. Kayu merupakan hasil dari tumbuhan hidup dengan serat yang tidak homogen, sehingga sifat fisiknya tidak akan sama secara radial (dari bagian empulur ke luar) dan longitudinal (memanjang kayu, dari bawah ke atas). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kadar_air">Kadar air</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kayu&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Sunting bagian: Kadar air" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kayu&action=edit&section=9" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kadar air"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/wiki/Kadar_air" title="Kadar air">Kadar air</a></div> <p>Air terdapat di dalam kayu dalam bentuk: </p> <ul><li>air di dalam <a href="/wiki/Dinding_sel" title="Dinding sel">dinding sel</a></li> <li>air di dalam <a href="/wiki/Protoplasma" title="Protoplasma">protoplasma</a></li> <li>air di antara ruang kosong dan celah antar sel</li></ul> <p>Secara teori tidak pernah ada kayu yang seratus persen tanpa kadar air meski dikeringkan di dalam <a href="/wiki/Tanur" title="Tanur">tanur</a> (oven) sekalipun. Sehingga pengukuran kadar kayu yang, biasanya untuk keperluan kimiawi, kayu yang dikeringkan dengan tanur dapat dikatakan "kering absolut". </p><p>Efek keberadaan air di dalam kayu adalah menjadikan kayu lebih lunak dan mudah dibentuk. Sehingga kadar air ini mempengaruhi sifat fisik lainnya seperti <a href="/wiki/Kekuatan_tarik" title="Kekuatan tarik">kekuatan tarik</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Kekuatan_tekan" title="Kekuatan tekan">kekuatan tekan</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Unsur_kimiawi">Unsur kimiawi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kayu&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Sunting bagian: Unsur kimiawi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kayu&action=edit&section=10" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Unsur kimiawi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Selain air, kayu memiliki tiga komponen utama, yaitu <a href="/wiki/Selulosa" title="Selulosa">selulosa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hemiselulosa" title="Hemiselulosa">hemiselulosa</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Lignin" title="Lignin">lignin</a>. Gabungan dari ketiganya disebut dengan lignoselulosa. </p><p>Selulosa merupakan senyawa polimer kristalin turunan dari <a href="/wiki/Glukosa" title="Glukosa">glukosa</a>, yang mengisi sekitar 41-43% dari kayu. Hemiselulosa merupakan <a href="/wiki/Pentosa" title="Pentosa">pentosa</a> yang terhubung secara tidak beraturan, dan mengisi 20% pada tumbuhan berdaun lebar, dan 30% di <a href="/wiki/Konifer" class="mw-redirect" title="Konifer">konifer</a>. Lignin tersusun dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cincin_aromatik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cincin aromatik (halaman belum tersedia)">cincin aromatik</a> hidrokarbon yang memiliki sifat <a href="/wiki/Hidrofobik" title="Hidrofobik">hidrofobik</a> dan mengisi sekitar 23% pada tumbuhan berdaun lebar dan 27% pada konifer. Dalam ilmu kimia, perbedaan antara <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kayu_keras&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kayu keras (halaman belum tersedia)">kayu keras</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kayu_lunak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kayu lunak (halaman belum tersedia)">kayu lunak</a> ada pada jumlah dan jenis lignin yang terkandung di dalamnya.<sup id="cite_ref-boerjan_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-boerjan-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Senyawa_ekstraktif">Senyawa ekstraktif</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kayu&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Sunting bagian: Senyawa ekstraktif" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kayu&action=edit&section=11" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Senyawa ekstraktif"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/wiki/Ekstraksi_resin" title="Ekstraksi resin">Ekstraksi resin</a></div> <p>Selain lignoselulosa, kayu terdiri dari berbagai jenis <a href="/wiki/Senyawa_organik" title="Senyawa organik">senyawa organik</a> yang disebut dengan senyawa ekstraktif yang jumlah dan jenisnya bervariasi tergantung dari spesies pohonnya. Kayu memiliki senyawa ekstraktif berupa <a href="/wiki/Asam_lemak" title="Asam lemak">asam lemak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Resin" title="Resin">resin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malam_(zat)" title="Malam (zat)">lilin</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Terpena" title="Terpena">terpena</a>. Senyawa ekstraktif ini memiliki manfaat seperti melindungi batang kayu dari hama. Senyawa ekstraktif merupakan salah satu dari <a href="/wiki/Hasil_hutan_non-kayu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hasil hutan non-kayu">hasil hutan non-kayu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kayu_monokotil">Kayu monokotil</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kayu&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Sunting bagian: Kayu monokotil" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kayu&action=edit&section=12" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kayu monokotil"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Gelugu_(coconut_wood)_in_Klaten,_Java.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Gelugu_%28coconut_wood%29_in_Klaten%2C_Java.jpg/180px-Gelugu_%28coconut_wood%29_in_Klaten%2C_Java.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Gelugu_%28coconut_wood%29_in_Klaten%2C_Java.jpg/270px-Gelugu_%28coconut_wood%29_in_Klaten%2C_Java.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Gelugu_%28coconut_wood%29_in_Klaten%2C_Java.jpg/360px-Gelugu_%28coconut_wood%29_in_Klaten%2C_Java.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2576" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kelapa" title="Kelapa">Kelapa</a> merupakan tumbuhan monokotil yang menghasilkan "kayu"</figcaption></figure> <p>Secara kasar, terdapat berbagai jenis batang yang dalam definisi non-botani (terutama dalam perdagangan) juga disebut dengan kayu. <a href="/wiki/Bambu" title="Bambu">Bambu</a> secara botani merupakan <a href="/wiki/Monokotil" class="mw-redirect" title="Monokotil">monokotil</a> dari suku rumput-rumputan yang memiliki batang dengan kekuatan yang dapat disetarakan dengan kayu. Saat ini bambu banyak digunakan sebagai bahan bangunan, lantai, papan, dan sebagainya di mana sebelumnya didominasi oleh kayu. Batang tumbuhan monokotil lainnya yang juga disebut kayu adalah batang pohon <a href="/wiki/Palem" class="mw-redirect" title="Palem">palem</a>. Batang dari pohon genus <i><a href="/wiki/Pandanus" class="mw-redirect" title="Pandanus">Pandanus</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Dracaena" class="mw-redirect" title="Dracaena">Dracaena</a></i>, dan <i><a href="/wiki/Cordyline" title="Cordyline">Cordyline</a></i> juga dapat digunakan sebagai pengganti kayu dalam skala kecil. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Manfaat">Manfaat</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kayu&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Sunting bagian: Manfaat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kayu&action=edit&section=13" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Manfaat"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bahan_bakar">Bahan bakar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kayu&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Sunting bagian: Bahan bakar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kayu&action=edit&section=14" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Bahan bakar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Kayu_bakar" title="Kayu bakar">Kayu bakar</a></div> <p>Kayu telah lama digunakan sebagai <a href="/wiki/Bahan_bakar" title="Bahan bakar">bahan bakar</a> hingga saat ini, terutama di pedesaan. Kayu keras lebih dipilih sebagai bahan bakar karena mampu terbakar lebih lama dengan <a href="/wiki/Asap" title="Asap">asap</a> yang lebih sedikit. <a href="/wiki/Tungku" title="Tungku">Tungku</a> pembakaran dengan cerobong asap (<i>fireplace</i>) banyak dibangun di rumah di kawasan beriklim sedang yang bertujuan untuk memberikan kehangatan di dalam rumah.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Selain dibakar secara langsung, kayu dapat dijadikan <a href="/wiki/Biofuel" class="mw-redirect" title="Biofuel">biofuel</a> dengan mengolah <a href="/wiki/Biomassa" title="Biomassa">biomassa</a> lignoselulosa dengan <a href="/wiki/Gasifikasi" title="Gasifikasi">gasifikasi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pirolisis" title="Pirolisis">pirolisis</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Biokimia" title="Biokimia">biokimia</a> menghasilkan berbagai jenis bahan bakar seperti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Syngas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Syngas (halaman belum tersedia)">syngas</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Biometanol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biometanol (halaman belum tersedia)">biometanol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bioetanol" class="mw-redirect" title="Bioetanol">bioetanol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dimetil_eter" class="mw-redirect" title="Dimetil eter">dimetil eter</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Butanol" title="Butanol">butanol</a> tergantung jenis proses yang digunakan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seni">Seni</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kayu&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Sunting bagian: Seni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kayu&action=edit&section=15" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Seni"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Woodcarvings_of_cranes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Woodcarvings_of_cranes.jpg/220px-Woodcarvings_of_cranes.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Woodcarvings_of_cranes.jpg/330px-Woodcarvings_of_cranes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Woodcarvings_of_cranes.jpg/440px-Woodcarvings_of_cranes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="593" data-file-height="579" /></a><figcaption>Seniman dapat menggunakan kayu sebagai bahan pembuatan pahatan</figcaption></figure> <p>Kayu telah lama digunakan sebagai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Media_seni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Media seni (halaman belum tersedia)">media seni</a> untuk membuat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pahatan_kayu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pahatan kayu (halaman belum tersedia)">pahatan kayu</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Patung_totem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patung totem (halaman belum tersedia)">Patung totem</a> hasil karya masyarakat pribumi Amerika Utara dibuat dari kayu konifer, biasanya Cedar Merah (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thuja_plicata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thuja plicata (halaman belum tersedia)">Thuja plicata</a></i>). </p><p>Berbagai jenis <a href="/wiki/Alat_musik" title="Alat musik">alat musik</a>, seperti <a href="/wiki/Biola" title="Biola">biola</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Gitar" title="Gitar">gitar</a> terbuat dari kayu. Jenis kayu yang dipilih disesuaikan dengan nada yang diinginkan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Olahraga">Olahraga</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kayu&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Sunting bagian: Olahraga" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kayu&action=edit&section=16" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Olahraga"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Berbagai <a href="/wiki/Peralatan_olahraga" title="Peralatan olahraga">peralatan olahraga</a> seperti pemukul baseball dan lantai arena <a href="/wiki/Basket" class="mw-redirect" title="Basket">basket</a> terbuat dari kayu. Papan <a href="/wiki/Ski" class="mw-disambig" title="Ski">ski</a>, tongkat <a href="/wiki/Hoki" title="Hoki">hoki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Busur_panah" title="Busur panah">busur panah</a> juga biasanya terbuat dari kayu namun kini telah banyak digantikan oleh bahan <a href="/wiki/Polimer" title="Polimer">polimer</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Logam" title="Logam">logam</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kedokteran">Kedokteran</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kayu&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Sunting bagian: Kedokteran" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kayu&action=edit&section=17" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kedokteran"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pada tahun 2010, para ilmuwan <a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a> mengatakan bahwa kayu dapat digunakan sebagai bahan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pencangkokkan_tulang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pencangkokkan tulang (halaman belum tersedia)">pengganti tulang</a>. Diperkirakan pada tahun 2015 metode ini dapat diaplikasikan ke manusia.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bahan_salib_Kristen">Bahan salib Kristen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kayu&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Sunting bagian: Bahan salib Kristen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kayu&action=edit&section=18" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Bahan salib Kristen"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/wiki/Simbol_Kristen" title="Simbol Kristen">Simbol Kristen</a></div> <p>Kayu merupakan bahan yang digunakan dalam peristiwa <a href="/wiki/Penyaliban_Yesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Penyaliban Yesus">penyaliban Yesus</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Salib" class="mw-disambig" title="Salib">crux</a></i> dalam bahasa Latin; <i><a href="/wiki/Stauros" title="Stauros">stauros</a></i> dan <i>xylon</i> dalam bahasa Yunani), berupa sebuah balok kayu tegak dengan tambahan palang horisontal sehingga membentuk "salib" atau struktur berbentuk T. Kata <i>crux</i> dalam zaman pra-imperial Romawi merujuk pada tiang gantungan atau tiang pancang, suatu instrumen yang terbuat dari kayu dan digunakan untuk melakukan eksekusi,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> namun belum tentu bersilangan atau membentuk "salib".<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dalam <a href="/wiki/Perjanjian_Baru" title="Perjanjian Baru">Perjanjian Baru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Simon_Petrus" title="Simon Petrus">Petrus</a> tercatat dua kali menggunakan kata <i>xylon</i> (dalam Alkitab bahasa Inggris "<i>tree</i>", dalam Alkitab <a href="/wiki/Terjemahan_Baru" class="mw-redirect" title="Terjemahan Baru">TB</a> "kayu salib") sementara <a href="/wiki/Paulus_dari_Tarsus" title="Paulus dari Tarsus">Paulus</a> hanya satu kali menggunakan kata <i>xylon</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dalam naskah-naskah Yunani, kata <i>xylon</i> (secara harfiah bermakna "potongan kayu") dapat digunakan untuk menyebut setiap objek yang terbuat dari kayu, termasuk dalam konteks yang berbeda-beda, tiang gantungan, batang kayu, patok dan pancang. Karenanya, salib Kristen tradisional dengan palang horisontal juga dapat disebut <i>xylon</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Pesta_Salib_Suci" title="Pesta Salib Suci">Pesta Salib Suci</a> dirayakan sebagai <a href="/wiki/Venerasi" title="Venerasi">penghormatan</a> secara khusus terhadap <a href="/wiki/Salib_Sejati" title="Salib Sejati">kayu salib yang digunakan dalam peristiwa penyaliban Yesus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_pula">Lihat pula</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kayu&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Sunting bagian: Lihat pula" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kayu&action=edit&section=19" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Lihat pula"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r22254620">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:solid #aaa 1px}.mw-parser-output .portalbox.tleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalbox.tright{margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}.mw-parser-output .portalbox>ul{display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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.reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/new-brunswick/story/2011/08/12/nb-origins-of-wood-found.html">"N.B. fossils show origins of wood"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=CBC.ca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CBC.ca (halaman belum tersedia)">CBC.ca</a>. August 12, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">August 12,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=N.B.+fossils+show+origins+of+wood&rft.date=2011-08-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fnew-brunswick%2Fstory%2F2011%2F08%2F12%2Fnb-origins-of-wood-found.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKayu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Briffa,_2008-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Briffa,_2008_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Briffa K.; Shishov, V. V; Melvin, T. M; Vaganov, E. A; Grudd, H.; Hantemirov, R. M; Eronen, M.; Naurzbaev, M. M; et al. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2606779">"Trends in recent temperature and radial tree growth spanning 2000 years across northwest Eurasia"</a>. <i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences</i>. <b>363</b> (1501): 2271–2284. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frstb.2007.2199">10.1098/rstb.2007.2199</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2606779">2606779</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Dapat diakses gratis"><img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18048299">18048299</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philosophical+Transactions+of+the+Royal+Society+B%3A+Biological+Sciences&rft.atitle=Trends+in+recent+temperature+and+radial+tree+growth+spanning+2000+years+across+northwest+Eurasia&rft.volume=363&rft.issue=1501&rft.pages=2271-2284&rft.date=2008&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2606779&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18048299&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frstb.2007.2199&rft.au=Briffa+K.&rft.au=Shishov%2C+V.+V&rft.au=Melvin%2C+T.+M&rft.au=Vaganov%2C+E.+A&rft.au=Grudd%2C+H.&rft.au=Hantemirov%2C+R.+M&rft.au=Eronen%2C+M.&rft.au=Naurzbaev%2C+M.+M&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2606779&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKayu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Penggunaan et al. yang eksplisit (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Penggunaan_et_al._yang_eksplisit" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Penggunaan et al. yang eksplisit">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.farmforestline.com.au/pages/2.1.2.1_wood.html">Wood growth and structure</a> www.farmforestline.com.au</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Record, Samuel J (1914). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/12299"><i>The Mechanical Properties of Wood</i></a>. J. Wiley & Sons. hlm. 165. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/B000863N3W" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/B000863N3W">B000863N3W</a><span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment"> Periksa nilai: invalid character <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|isbn=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#bad_isbn" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mechanical+Properties+of+Wood&rft.pages=165&rft.pub=J.+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=1914&rft.isbn=0008633&rft.aulast=Record&rft.aufirst=Samuel+J&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gutenberg.org%2Fetext%2F12299&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKayu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eb-alburnum-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-eb-alburnum_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eb-alburnum_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> <cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Alburnum" class="extiw" title="wikisource:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Alburnum">Alburnum</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> (edisi ke-11). Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Alburnum&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKayu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shigo 1986, 54.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECapon200565-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECapon200565_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCapon2005">Capon 2005</a>, hlm. 65.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-boerjan-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-boerjan_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">W. Boerjan, J. Ralph, M. Baucher (2003). "Lignin biosynthesis". <i>Ann. Rev. Plant Biol</i>. <b>54</b> (1): 519–549. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev.arplant.54.031902.134938">10.1146/annurev.arplant.54.031902.134938</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14503002">14503002</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ann.+Rev.+Plant+Biol.&rft.atitle=Lignin+biosynthesis&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=519-549&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1146%2Fannurev.arplant.54.031902.134938&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F14503002&rft.au=W.+Boerjan%2C+J.+Ralph%2C+M.+Baucher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKayu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|month=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Banyak_nama:_authors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Mimms, Agneta (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/kraftpulpingcomp0000unse"><i>Kraft Pulping. A Compilation of Notes</i></a>. TAPPI Press. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/kraftpulpingcomp0000unse/page/6">6</a>–7. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-89852-322-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-89852-322-2">0-89852-322-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kraft+Pulping.+A+Compilation+of+Notes&rft.pages=6-7&rft.pub=TAPPI+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-89852-322-2&rft.aulast=Mimms&rft.aufirst=Agneta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fkraftpulpingcomp0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKayu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|coauthors=</code> yang tidak diketahui mengabaikan (<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|author=</code> yang disarankan) (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored_suggest" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Fiebach, Klemens; Grimm, Dieter (2000). "Resins, Natural". <i>Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry</i>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F14356007.a23_073">10.1002/14356007.a23_073</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-3-527-30673-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-3-527-30673-2">978-3-527-30673-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Resins%2C+Natural&rft.btitle=Ullmann%27s+Encyclopedia+of+Industrial+Chemistry&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F14356007.a23_073&rft.isbn=978-3-527-30673-2&rft.aulast=Fiebach&rft.aufirst=Klemens&rft.au=Grimm%2C+Dieter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKayu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.epa.gov/woodstoves/index.html">"Clean Burning Wood Stoves and Fireplaces"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Clean+Burning+Wood+Stoves+and+Fireplaces&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epa.gov%2Fwoodstoves%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKayu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/8438209.stm">"Scientists make bones from wood"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. January 3, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Scientists+make+bones+from+wood&rft.date=2010-01-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fhealth%2F8438209.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKayu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"wood, tree or frame in which it is impaled, fixed or hanged criminals." T. Lewis, Charlton; Short, Charles, <i>A Latin Dictionary</i>. Harper and Brothers publishers. New York in 1879. Oxford University Press.<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0060%3Aalphabetic+letter%3Dc%3Aentry+group%3D38%3Aentry%3Dcrux">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0060:entry=crucio&highlight=crux">[2]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"even among the Romans the crux (from which our cross is derived) appears to have originally been a stick upright, and this always remained the more prominent part". <cite class="citation book">P. Fairbairn (1874). <i>The Imperial Bible-Dictionary</i>. <b>I</b>. London. hlm. 376.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Imperial+Bible-Dictionary&rft.place=London&rft.pages=376&rft.date=1874&rft.au=P.+Fairbairn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKayu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">1 Peter: a new translation with introduction and commentary: Volume 37, Part 2 John Hall Elliott - 2000 "... the light of this Deuteronomic passage ("cursed of Cod is everyone who hangs on a tree [epi xylon])," Deut 21:23</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Acts of the Apostles - Page 98 Luke Timothy Johnson, Daniel J. Harrington - 1992 ".. which derives from the LXX usage for "hanging" (Josh 8:29; 10:24), and above all from the curse passage of Deut 21:23"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">1 Peter: a new translation with introduction and commentary John Hall Elliott - 2000 "The use of "tree" also distinguishes 1 Peter from Paul who, apart from Gal 3:13, employs stauros, never xylon, for the cross of Christ (cf. 1 Cor 1:17, 18; Gal 5:1 1; 6:12, 14; Phil 2:8; 3:18). By contrast, the Petrine author employs ..."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">1 and 2 Peter, Jude Norman Hillyer - 2011 "Peter's description of the cross of Christ as a tree (xylon) is a favorite expression of his, for it recurs in his addresses in Acts (5:30; 10:39). According to Deuteronomy 21:22–23LXX, one who broke the Mosaic law was to be hanged on a tree"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In Liddell and Scott, the meanings of the word "ξύλον" are classified under five headings::I. wood cut and ready for use, firewood, timber (in these senses the word is usually in the plural);:II. piece of wood, log, beam, post or an object made of wood, such as a spoon, the Trojan horse, a cudgel or club, an instrument of punishment (a collar for someone's neck, stocks to confine his feet or to confine his neck, arms and legs, a gallows to hang him, or a stake to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Impalement&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Impalement (halaman belum tersedia)">impale</a> him), a table, a bench as in the theatre;:III. a tree:IV. a blockhead or a stubborn person;:V. a measure of length. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin">/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%23 71752 Liddell and Scott: ξύλον</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050213035835/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/">Diarsipkan</a> 2005-02-13 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Fernand Cabrol (1908). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04529a.htm">"The True Cross"</a>. <i>The Catholic Encyclopedia</i>. <b>4</b>. New York: Robert Appleton Company – via New Advent.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+True+Cross&rft.btitle=The+Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1908&rft.au=Fernand+Cabrol&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Fcathen%2F04529a.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKayu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Very Rev. Fr. Krikor Maksoudian; Christopher H. Zakian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161113032440/https://www.armenianchurch-ed.net/feasts/the-holy-cross/about-the-exaltation-of-the-cross/">"About the Exaltation of the Cross"</a>. Diocese of the Armenian Church of America (Eastern). Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.armenianchurch-ed.net/feasts/the-holy-cross/about-the-exaltation-of-the-cross/">versi asli</a> tanggal 2016-11-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2016-11-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+the+Exaltation+of+the+Cross&rft.pub=Diocese+of+the+Armenian+Church+of+America+%28Eastern%29&rft.au=Very+Rev.+Fr.+Krikor+Maksoudian&rft.au=Christopher+H.+Zakian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.armenianchurch-ed.net%2Ffeasts%2Fthe-holy-cross%2Fabout-the-exaltation-of-the-cross%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKayu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://orthodoxwiki.org/Elevation_of_the_Holy_Cross">"Elevation of the Holy Cross"</a>. OrthodoxWiki.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Elevation+of+the+Holy+Cross&rft.pub=OrthodoxWiki&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Forthodoxwiki.org%2FElevation_of_the_Holy_Cross&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKayu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pustaka">Pustaka</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kayu&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Sunting bagian: Pustaka" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kayu&action=edit&section=21" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pustaka"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r21093234">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=R._Bruce_Hoadley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="R. Bruce Hoadley (halaman belum tersedia)">Hoadley, R. Bruce</a> (2000). <i>Understanding Wood: A Craftsman’s Guide to Wood Technology</i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taunton_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taunton Press (halaman belum tersedia)">Taunton Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/1-56158-358-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/1-56158-358-8">1-56158-358-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Understanding+Wood%3A+A+Craftsman%E2%80%99s+Guide+to+Wood+Technology&rft.pub=Taunton+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=1-56158-358-8&rft.aulast=Hoadley&rft.aufirst=R.+Bruce&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKayu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFCapon2005" class="citation book">Capon, Brian (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/botanyforgardene0000capo_k8y2"><i>Botany for Gardeners</i></a> (edisi ke-2nd). Portland, OR: Timber Publishing. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-88192-655-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-88192-655-8">0-88192-655-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Botany+for+Gardeners&rft.place=Portland%2C+OR&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Timber+Publishing&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-88192-655-8&rft.aulast=Capon&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbotanyforgardene0000capo_k8y2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKayu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li>Shigo, Alex. (1986) <i>A New Tree Biology Dictionary</i>. Shigo and Trees, Associates. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0943563127" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-943563-12-7</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spiritofnature.net/eng/index_eng.html">The Wood in Culture Association</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thewoodexplorer.com/">The Wood Explorer: A comprehensive database of commercial wood species</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150407062512/http://www.thewoodexplorer.com/">Diarsipkan</a> 2015-04-07 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.apawood.org/level_b.cfm?content=prd_main">APA – The Engineered Wood Association</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110414041302/http://www.apawood.org/level_b.cfm?content=prd_main">Diarsipkan</a> 2011-04-14 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pranala_luar">Pranala luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kayu&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Sunting bagian: Pranala luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kayu&action=edit&section=22" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pranala luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></span></span> Definisi kamus <a href="https://id.wiktionary.org/wiki/kayu" class="extiw" title="wikt:kayu">kayu</a> di Wikikamus</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> Media tentang <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Wood" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Wood">Wood</a> di Wikimedia Commons</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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<ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hutan_negara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hutan negara (halaman belum tersedia)">Hutan negara</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hutan_hak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hutan hak (halaman belum tersedia)">Hutan hak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutan_adat" title="Hutan adat">Hutan adat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Bedasarkan fungsi</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hutan_lindung" title="Hutan lindung">Hutan lindung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutan_konservasi" title="Hutan konservasi">Hutan konservasi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kawasan_suaka_alam" class="mw-redirect" title="Kawasan suaka alam">Kawasan suaka alam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cagar_alam" title="Cagar alam">Cagar alam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suaka_margasatwa" title="Suaka margasatwa">Suaka margasatwa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_pelestarian_alam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kawasan pelestarian alam (halaman belum tersedia)">Kawasan pelestarian alam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taman_nasional" title="Taman nasional">Taman nasional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taman_hutan_raya" title="Taman hutan raya">Taman hutan raya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taman_wisata_alam" title="Taman wisata alam">Taman wisata alam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taman_buru" title="Taman buru">Taman buru</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutan_produksi" title="Hutan produksi">Hutan produksi</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hutan_produksi_terbatas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hutan produksi terbatas (halaman belum tersedia)">Hutan produksi terbatas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hutan_produksi_tetap&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hutan produksi tetap (halaman belum tersedia)">Hutan produksi tetap</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_hutan_dengan_tujuan_khusus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kawasan hutan dengan tujuan khusus (halaman belum tersedia)">Kawasan hutan dengan tujuan khusus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perhutanan_kota&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perhutanan kota (halaman belum tersedia)">Perhutanan kota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cagar_biosfer" title="Cagar biosfer">Cagar biosfer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Bedasarkan iklim</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hutan_hujan_tropis" class="mw-redirect" title="Hutan hujan tropis">Hutan hujan tropis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutan_musim" title="Hutan musim">Hutan musim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutan_kerangas" title="Hutan kerangas">Hutan kerangas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutan_gambut" title="Hutan gambut">Hutan gambut</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hutan_rawa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hutan rawa (halaman belum tersedia)">Hutan rawa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hutan_payau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hutan payau (halaman belum tersedia)">Hutan payau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutan_pantai" title="Hutan pantai">Hutan pantai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabana" title="Sabana">Sabana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Lain-lain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ecoforestry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ecoforestry (halaman belum tersedia)">Ecoforestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kehutanan_analog" title="Kehutanan analog">Kehutanan analog</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kehutanan_berkelanjutan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kehutanan berkelanjutan (halaman belum tersedia)">Kehutanan berkelanjutan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kehutanan_energi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kehutanan energi (halaman belum tersedia)">Kehutanan energi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kehutanan_masyarakat" title="Kehutanan masyarakat">Kehutanan masyarakat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kehutanan_perkebunan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kehutanan perkebunan (halaman belum tersedia)">Kehutanan perkebunan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hutan_desa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hutan desa (halaman belum tersedia)">Hutan desa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hutan_alam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hutan alam (halaman belum tersedia)">Hutan alam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hutan_homogen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hutan homogen (halaman belum tersedia)">Hutan homogen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hutan_heterogen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hutan heterogen (halaman belum tersedia)">Hutan heterogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mycoforestry" class="mw-redirect" title="Mycoforestry">Mycoforestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutan_rakyat" title="Hutan rakyat">Hutan rakyat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanatani" title="Wanatani">Wanatani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:12_year_old_restoration_plot_Doi_Suthep-Pui_National_Park_N._Thailand.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/12_year_old_restoration_plot_Doi_Suthep-Pui_National_Park_N._Thailand.jpg/125px-12_year_old_restoration_plot_Doi_Suthep-Pui_National_Park_N._Thailand.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/12_year_old_restoration_plot_Doi_Suthep-Pui_National_Park_N._Thailand.jpg/188px-12_year_old_restoration_plot_Doi_Suthep-Pui_National_Park_N._Thailand.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/12_year_old_restoration_plot_Doi_Suthep-Pui_National_Park_N._Thailand.jpg/250px-12_year_old_restoration_plot_Doi_Suthep-Pui_National_Park_N._Thailand.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3334" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ekologi_hutan" title="Ekologi hutan">Ekologi</a> dan<br /> <a href="/wiki/Manajemen_hutan" title="Manajemen hutan">manajemen</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aforestasi" title="Aforestasi">Aforestasi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alometri_pohon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alometri pohon (halaman belum tersedia)">Alometri pohon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arborikultur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arborikultur (halaman belum tersedia)">Arborikultur</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arsitektur_pohon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arsitektur pohon (halaman belum tersedia)">Arsitektur pohon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deforestasi" title="Deforestasi">Deforestasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Degradasi" class="mw-disambig" title="Degradasi">Degradasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dendrologi" title="Dendrologi">Dendrologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dendrokronologi" title="Dendrokronologi">Dendrokronologi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekologi_api&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekologi api (halaman belum tersedia)">Ekologi api</a></li> <li>Hutan <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Informatika_hutan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Informatika hutan (halaman belum tersedia)">informatika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inventarisasi_hutan" title="Inventarisasi hutan">Inventarisasi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manajemen_hama_terintegrasi_hutan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manajemen hama terintegrasi hutan (halaman belum tersedia)">Manajemen hama</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patologi_hutan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patologi hutan (halaman belum tersedia)">Patologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perlindungan_hutan" title="Perlindungan hutan">Perlindungan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restorasi_hutan" title="Restorasi hutan">Restorasi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutan_primer" title="Hutan primer">Hutan primer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayu_bersertifikat" title="Kayu bersertifikat">Kayu bersertifikat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manajemen_hutan_berkelanjutan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manajemen hutan berkelanjutan (halaman belum tersedia)">Manajemen berkelanjutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pemanfaatan_hutan" title="Pemanfaatan hutan">Pemanfaatan hutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pembakaran_terkendali" title="Pembakaran terkendali">Pembakaran terkendali</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penipisan_ekologis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penipisan ekologis (halaman belum tersedia)">Penipisan ekologis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengukuran_pohon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengukuran pohon (halaman belum tersedia)">Pengukuran pohon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Permodelan_pertumbuhan_dan_hasil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Permodelan pertumbuhan dan hasil (halaman belum tersedia)">Permodelan pertumbuhan dan hasil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reboisasi" title="Reboisasi">Reboisasi</a></li> <li>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Reboisasi_urban&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reboisasi urban (halaman belum tersedia)">urban</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvikultur" title="Silvikultur">Silvikultur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvologi" title="Silvologi">Silvologi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Kehutanan_dan_lingkungan" title="Kategori:Kehutanan dan lingkungan">Lingkungan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daur_ulang_kayu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daur ulang kayu (halaman belum tersedia)">Daur ulang kayu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pengawahutanan" class="mw-redirect" title="Pengawahutanan">Deforestasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hujan_asam" title="Hujan asam">Hujan asam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fragmentasi_hutan" class="mw-redirect" title="Fragmentasi hutan">Fragmentasi hutan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jasa_ekologis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jasa ekologis (halaman belum tersedia)">Jasa ekologis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kebakaran_liar" class="mw-redirect" title="Kebakaran liar">Kebakaran hutan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kematian_hutan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kematian hutan (halaman belum tersedia)">Kematian hutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peladangan" title="Peladangan">Peladangan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ladang_berpindah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ladang berpindah (halaman belum tersedia)">Ladang berpindah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pembalakan_liar" class="mw-redirect" title="Pembalakan liar">Pembalakan liar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengurangan_emisi_dari_deforestasi_dan_degradasi_hutan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengurangan emisi dari deforestasi dan degradasi hutan (halaman belum tersedia)">Pengurangan emisi dari deforestasi dan degradasi hutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekuestrasi_karbon" title="Sekuestrasi karbon">Sekuestrasi karbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tebang_habis" title="Tebang habis">Tebang habis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tebang_pilih" title="Tebang pilih">Tebang pilih</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spesies_invasif" title="Spesies invasif">Spesies invasif</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Industri_kayu" title="Kategori:Industri kayu">Industri kayu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anatomi_kayu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anatomi kayu (halaman belum tersedia)">Anatomi kayu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasil_hutan" title="Hasil hutan">Hasil hutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penebangan_kayu" class="mw-redirect" title="Penebangan kayu">Penebangan kayu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terubusan" class="mw-redirect" title="Terubusan">Terubusan</a></li> <li>Manufaktur <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kayu_gelondongan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kayu gelondongan (halaman belum tersedia)">Kayu gelondongan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industri_pulp_dan_kertas" title="Industri pulp dan kertas">Industri pulp dan kertas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penggergajian_kayu" title="Penggergajian kayu">Penggergajian kayu</a></li></ul></li> <li>Produk <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kayu_lapis" title="Kayu lapis">Kayu lapis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kayu_serpih&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kayu serpih (halaman belum tersedia)">Kayu serpih</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venir_kayu" title="Venir kayu">Venir kayu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papan_partikel" title="Papan partikel">Papan partikel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Papan_serat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Papan serat (halaman belum tersedia)">Papan serat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Furnitur" class="mw-redirect" title="Furnitur">Furnitur</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biochar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biochar (halaman belum tersedia)">Biochar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biomassa" title="Biomassa">Biomassa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arang" title="Arang">Arang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasil_hutan_non-kayu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hasil hutan non-kayu">Hasil hutan non-kayu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rayon" class="mw-redirect" title="Rayon">Rayon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekstraksi_resin" title="Ekstraksi resin">Resin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karet" title="Karet">Karet</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kulit_kayu_penyamakan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kulit kayu penyamakan (halaman belum tersedia)">Kulit kayu penyamakan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalur_rel_hutan" class="mw-redirect" title="Jalur rel hutan">Jalur rel hutan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hutan_tanaman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hutan tanaman (halaman belum tersedia)">Hutan tanaman</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budi_daya_pohon_natal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Budi daya pohon natal (halaman belum tersedia)">Budi daya pohon natal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budi_daya_kenanga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Budi daya kenanga (halaman belum tersedia)">Budi daya kenanga</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budi_daya_sengon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Budi daya sengon (halaman belum tersedia)">Budi daya sengon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutan_jati" title="Hutan jati">Hutan jati</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hutan_pinus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hutan pinus (halaman belum tersedia)">Hutan pinus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budi_daya_pohon-pohon_keras&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Budi daya pohon-pohon keras (halaman belum tersedia)">Budi daya pohon-pohon keras</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kayu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pekerjaan_kehutanan" title="Kategori:Pekerjaan kehutanan">Pekerjaan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rimbawan" title="Rimbawan">Rimbawan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arboris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arboris (halaman belum tersedia)">Arboris</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemotong_kayu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemotong kayu (halaman belum tersedia)">Pemotong kayu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemasang_choker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemasang choker (halaman belum tersedia)">Pemasang choker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekologi_hutan" title="Ekologi hutan">Ekologis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemadam_kebakaran_liar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemadam kebakaran liar (halaman belum tersedia)">Pemadam kebakaran liar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembawa_kayu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembawa kayu (halaman belum tersedia)">Pembawa kayu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengukur_kayu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengukur kayu (halaman belum tersedia)">Pengukur kayu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penebang_kayu" class="mw-redirect" title="Penebang kayu">Penebang kayu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagawana" title="Jagawana">Jagawana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyadap_getah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penyadap getah (halaman belum tersedia)">Penyadap getah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kebijakan and<br /> organisasi</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Organisasi kehutanan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Food_and_Agriculture_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Food and Agriculture Organization">FAO</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Tropical_Timber_Organization&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Tropical Timber Organization (halaman belum tersedia)">ITTO</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Union_of_Forest_Research_Organizations&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Union of Forest Research Organizations (halaman belum tersedia)">IUFRO</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Forest_Stewardship_Council&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Forest Stewardship Council (halaman belum tersedia)">FSC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perum_Perhutani" class="mw-redirect" title="Perum Perhutani">Perum Perhutani</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hutan_Tanaman_Industri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hutan Tanaman Industri (halaman belum tersedia)">Hutan Tanaman Industri</a></li> <li>Kementrian <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Direktorat_Jenderal_Kehutanan,_Departemen_Pertanian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Direktorat Jenderal Kehutanan, Departemen Pertanian (halaman belum tersedia)">Direktorat Jenderal Kehutanan, Departemen Pertanian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Departemen_Kehutanan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Departemen Kehutanan (halaman belum tersedia)">Departemen Kehutanan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Departemen_Kehutanan_dan_Perkebunan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Departemen Kehutanan dan Perkebunan (halaman belum tersedia)">Departemen Kehutanan dan Perkebunan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kementerian_Kehutanan_Indonesia" title="Kementerian Kehutanan Indonesia">Kementerian Kehutanan Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kementerian_Lingkungan_Hidup_dan_Kehutanan_Republik_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Republik Indonesia">Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Republik Indonesia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kebijakan_kehutanan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kebijakan kehutanan (halaman belum tersedia)">Kebijakan kehutanan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Undang-undang <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Undang-undang_Nomor_41_Tahun_1999&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Undang-undang Nomor 41 Tahun 1999 (halaman belum tersedia)">Undang-undang Nomor 41 Tahun 1999</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Undang-Undang_Nomor_19_Tahun_2004&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Undang-Undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2004 (halaman belum tersedia)">Undang-Undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2004</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perhutanan_sosial&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perhutanan sosial (halaman belum tersedia)">Perhutanan sosial</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reformasi_Agraria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reformasi Agraria (halaman belum tersedia)">Reformasi Agraria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konflik_Agraria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konflik Agraria (halaman belum tersedia)">Konflik Agraria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izin_pemanfaatan_hutan" title="Izin pemanfaatan hutan">Izin pemanfaatan hutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawasan_hutan" title="Kawasan hutan">Kawasan hutan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Lain-lain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_Sekolah_menengah_kejuruan_jurusan_kehutanan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar Sekolah menengah kejuruan jurusan kehutanan (halaman belum tersedia)">Sekolah menengah kejuruan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_Universitas_jurusan_kehutanan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar Universitas jurusan kehutanan (halaman belum tersedia)">Universitas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Acara</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbor_Day&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arbor Day (halaman belum tersedia)">Arbor Day</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Big_Tree_Plant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Big Tree Plant (halaman belum tersedia)">Big Tree Plant</a> (UK)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Nations_Billion_Tree_Campaign&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United Nations Billion Tree Campaign (halaman belum tersedia)">Billion Tree Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Great_Green_Wall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Great Green Wall (halaman belum tersedia)">Great Green Wall</a> (Africa)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Day_of_Forests&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Day of Forests (halaman belum tersedia)">International Day of Forests</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Year_of_Forests&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Year of Forests (halaman belum tersedia)">International Year of Forests</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Million_Tree_Initiative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Million Tree Initiative (halaman belum tersedia)">Million Tree Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Three-North_Shelter_Forest_Program&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Three-North Shelter Forest Program (halaman belum tersedia)">Three-North Shelter Forest Program</a> (China)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Forestry_Congress" title="World Forestry Congress">World Forestry Congress</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Pengawasan_otoritas_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287#identifiers&#124;Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Pengawasan_otoritas_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287#identifiers&#124;Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengawasan_otoritas" title="Bantuan:Pengawasan otoritas">Pengawasan otoritas</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287#identifiers" title="Sunting ini di Wikidata"><img alt="Sunting ini di Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Umum</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4025668-6">Integrated Authority File (Jerman)</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Perpustakaan nasional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11976008h">Prancis</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11976008h">(data)</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85147783">Amerika Serikat</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00567803">Jepang</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph114403&CON_LNG=ENG">Republik Ceko</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diperoleh dari "<a dir="ltr" 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Encyclopaedia Britannica 1911 dengan rujukan Wikisource">Artikel Wikipedia yang memuat kutipan dari Encyclopaedia Britannica 1911 dengan rujukan Wikisource</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Halaman_dengan_rujukan_yang_menggunakan_parameter_yang_tidak_didukung" title="Kategori:Halaman dengan rujukan yang menggunakan parameter yang tidak didukung">Halaman dengan rujukan yang menggunakan parameter yang tidak didukung</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Banyak_nama:_authors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list">Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Templat_webarchive_tautan_wayback" title="Kategori:Templat webarchive tautan wayback">Templat webarchive tautan wayback</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pranala_kategori_Commons_ada_di_Wikidata" title="Kategori:Pranala kategori Commons ada di Wikidata">Pranala kategori Commons ada di Wikidata</a></li><li><a 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