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</li> <li id="toc-Founding_of_the_United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Founding_of_the_United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Founding of the United States </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Founding_of_the_United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-19th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 19th century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Catholic_revival" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catholic_revival"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3.1 Catholic revival </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catholic_revival-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nuns_and_sisters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nuns_and_sisters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3.1.1 Nuns and sisters </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nuns_and_sisters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anti-Catholicism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anti-Catholicism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3.2 Anti-Catholicism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anti-Catholicism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th–21st_centuries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th–21st_centuries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 20th–21st centuries </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th–21st_centuries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Organization </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personnel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personnel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Personnel </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Personnel-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Personnel subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Personnel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bishops" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bishops"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Bishops </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bishops-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cardinals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cardinals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.1 Cardinals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cardinals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clergy_and_ministers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clergy_and_ministers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Clergy and ministers </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clergy_and_ministers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lay_employees" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lay_employees"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Lay employees </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lay_employees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Institutions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Institutions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Institutions </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Institutions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Institutions subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Institutions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Parochial_schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parochial_schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Parochial schools </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parochial_schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Universities_and_colleges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Universities_and_colleges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Universities and colleges </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Universities_and_colleges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Seminaries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seminaries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Seminaries </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seminaries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Healthcare_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Healthcare_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Healthcare system </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Healthcare_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Catholic_Charities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catholic_Charities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Catholic Charities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catholic_Charities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Demographics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Demographics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_state_(2017)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_state_(2017)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 By state (2017) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_state_(2017)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural,_social,_and_political_views" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural,_social,_and_political_views"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Cultural, social, and political views </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Cultural,_social,_and_political_views-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Cultural, social, and political views subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Cultural,_social,_and_political_views-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Politics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticism_by_Pope_Francis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism_by_Pope_Francis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Criticism by Pope Francis </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criticism_by_Pope_Francis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Some_notable_American_Catholics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Some_notable_American_Catholics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Some notable American Catholics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Some_notable_American_Catholics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Some notable American Catholics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Some_notable_American_Catholics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Servants_of_God_and_those_declared_venerable,_beatified,_and_canonized_saints" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Servants_of_God_and_those_declared_venerable,_beatified,_and_canonized_saints"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Servants of God and those declared venerable, beatified, and canonized saints </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Servants_of_God_and_those_declared_venerable,_beatified,_and_canonized_saints-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Top_pilgrimage_destinations_in_the_United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Top_pilgrimage_destinations_in_the_United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Top pilgrimage destinations in the United States </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Top_pilgrimage_destinations_in_the_United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Further reading </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Further reading subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Surveys" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Surveys"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.1 Surveys </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Surveys-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bishops,_priests,_nuns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bishops,_priests,_nuns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.2 Bishops, priests, nuns </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bishops,_priests,_nuns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demography,_ethnicity_and_race" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demography,_ethnicity_and_race"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.3 Demography, ethnicity and race </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demography,_ethnicity_and_race-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Specialized_studies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Specialized_studies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.4 Specialized studies </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Specialized_studies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historiography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historiography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.5 Historiography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historiography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Primary_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primary_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.6 Primary sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primary_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Catholic Church in the United States</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 19 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19" aria-hidden="true" > 19 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AB%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9" title="الرومانية الكاثوليكية في الولايات المتحدة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الرومانية الكاثوليكية في الولايات المتحدة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%98%C3%ADmskokatolick%C3%A1_c%C3%ADrkev_ve_Spojen%C3%BDch_st%C3%A1tech_americk%C3%BDch" title="Římskokatolická církev ve Spojených státech amerických – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Římskokatolická církev ve Spojených státech amerických" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B6misch-katholische_Kirche_in_den_Vereinigten_Staaten" title="Römisch-katholische Kirche in den Vereinigten Staaten – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Römisch-katholische Kirche in den Vereinigten Staaten" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iglesia_cat%C3%B3lica_en_los_Estados_Unidos" title="Iglesia católica en los Estados Unidos – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Iglesia católica en los Estados Unidos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="کلیسای کاتولیک در ایالات متحده آمریکا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کلیسای کاتولیک در ایالات متحده آمریکا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89glise_catholique_aux_%C3%89tats-Unis" title="Église catholique aux États-Unis – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Église catholique aux États-Unis" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD%EC%9D%98_%EB%A1%9C%EB%A7%88_%EA%B0%80%ED%86%A8%EB%A6%AD%EA%B5%90%ED%9A%8C" title="미국의 로마 가톨릭교회 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="미국의 로마 가톨릭교회" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gereja_Katolik_di_Amerika_Serikat" title="Gereja Katolik di Amerika Serikat – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gereja Katolik di Amerika Serikat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiesa_cattolica_negli_Stati_Uniti_d%27America" title="Chiesa cattolica negli Stati Uniti d'America – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Chiesa cattolica negli Stati Uniti d'America" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katholieke_Kerk_in_de_Verenigde_Staten" title="Katholieke Kerk in de Verenigde Staten – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Katholieke Kerk in de Verenigde Staten" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E5%90%88%E8%A1%86%E5%9B%BD%E3%81%AE%E3%82%AB%E3%83%88%E3%83%AA%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF" title="アメリカ合衆国のカトリック – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アメリカ合衆国のカトリック" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_katolske_kirke_i_USA" title="Den katolske kirke i USA – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Den katolske kirke i USA" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%9Bci%C3%B3%C5%82_katolicki_w_Stanach_Zjednoczonych" title="Kościół katolicki w Stanach Zjednoczonych – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kościół katolicki w Stanach Zjednoczonych" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igreja_Cat%C3%B3lica_nos_Estados_Unidos" title="Igreja Católica nos Estados Unidos – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Igreja Católica nos Estados Unidos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90" title="Католическая церковь в США – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Католическая церковь в США" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_the_United_States" title="Catholic Church in the United States – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Catholic Church in the United States" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katolinen_kirkko_Yhdysvalloissa" title="Katolinen kirkko Yhdysvalloissa – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Katolinen kirkko Yhdysvalloissa" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the structure of the Catholic Church in the United States, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_dioceses_in_the_United_States" title="List of Catholic dioceses in the United States">List of Catholic dioceses in the United States</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width: 24em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/25px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/38px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/50px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="815" data-file-height="1105" /></a> Catholic Church in the United States </th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Basilica_of_the_National_Shrine_of_the_Immaculate_Conception,_Washington.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Basilica_of_the_National_Shrine_of_the_Immaculate_Conception%2C_Washington.jpg/200px-Basilica_of_the_National_Shrine_of_the_Immaculate_Conception%2C_Washington.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Basilica_of_the_National_Shrine_of_the_Immaculate_Conception%2C_Washington.jpg/300px-Basilica_of_the_National_Shrine_of_the_Immaculate_Conception%2C_Washington.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Basilica_of_the_National_Shrine_of_the_Immaculate_Conception%2C_Washington.jpg/400px-Basilica_of_the_National_Shrine_of_the_Immaculate_Conception%2C_Washington.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2434" data-file-height="2584" /></a><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_the_National_Shrine_of_the_Immaculate_Conception" title="Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception">Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception</a> in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, the largest Catholic church in <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/National_polity" class="mw-redirect" title="National polity">National polity</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Classification</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Orientation</th><td class="infobox-data">Mainly <a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin</a>, with minority <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Religious_text" title="Religious text">Scripture</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_bible" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic bible">Bible</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Theology</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_theology" title="Catholic theology">Catholic theology</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_polity" title="Ecclesiastical polity">Polity</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_polity" title="Episcopal polity">Episcopal</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_polity" title="Ecclesiastical polity">Governance</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Conference_of_Catholic_Bishops" title="United States Conference of Catholic Bishops">United States Conference of Catholic Bishops</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Francis</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Conference_of_Catholic_Bishops" title="United States Conference of Catholic Bishops">USCCB President</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Broglio" title="Timothy Broglio">Timothy Broglio</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Baltimore" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Baltimore">Prerogative of Place</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_E._Lori" title="William E. Lori">William E. Lori</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Nunciature_to_the_United_States" title="Apostolic Nunciature to the United States">Apostolic Nuncio</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Christophe_Pierre" title="Christophe Pierre">Christophe Pierre</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Region</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">territories of the United States</a>, excluding <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a>.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Language</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">English</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language_in_the_United_States" title="Spanish language in the United States">Spanish</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_language_in_the_United_States" title="French language in the United States">French</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_Latin" title="Ecclesiastical Latin">Latin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Congregations</th><td class="infobox-data">16,429 (2022)<a href="#cite_note-cara.georgetown.edu-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Members</th><td class="infobox-data">72,000,000+ (2020)<a href="#cite_note-Diocese_of_Raleigh_2022_l081-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Official website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usccb.org/">usccb.org</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-top-image"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/25px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/38px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/50px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="815" data-file-height="1105" /></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Catholic_Church_by_country" title="Category:Catholic Church by country">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_by_country" title="Catholic Church by country">Catholic Church by country</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Percent_of_Catholics_by_Country%E2%80%93Pew_Research_2011_(no_legend).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Distribution of Catholics around the world" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Percent_of_Catholics_by_Country%E2%80%93Pew_Research_2011_%28no_legend%29.svg/250px-Percent_of_Catholics_by_Country%E2%80%93Pew_Research_2011_%28no_legend%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Percent_of_Catholics_by_Country%E2%80%93Pew_Research_2011_%28no_legend%29.svg/375px-Percent_of_Catholics_by_Country%E2%80%93Pew_Research_2011_%28no_legend%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Percent_of_Catholics_by_Country%E2%80%93Pew_Research_2011_%28no_legend%29.svg/500px-Percent_of_Catholics_by_Country%E2%80%93Pew_Research_2011_%28no_legend%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="263" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Africa" title="Catholic Church in Africa">Africa</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Algeria" title="Catholic Church in Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Angola" title="Catholic Church in Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Benin" title="Catholic Church in Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Botswana" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Church in Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Burkina_Faso" title="Catholic Church in Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Burundi" title="Catholic Church in Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Cameroon" title="Catholic Church in Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Cape_Verde" title="Catholic Church in Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_the_Central_African_Republic" title="Catholic Church in the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Chad" title="Catholic Church in Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_the_Comoros" title="Catholic Church in the Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Catholic Church in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Catholic Church in the Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Djibouti" title="Catholic Church in Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Egypt" title="Catholic Church in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Equatorial_Guinea" title="Catholic Church in Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Eritrea" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Church in Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Eswatini" title="Catholic Church in Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Ethiopia" title="Catholic Church in Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Gabon" title="Catholic Church in Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_the_Gambia" title="Catholic Church in the Gambia">Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Ghana" title="Catholic Church in Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Guinea" title="Catholic Church in Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Guinea-Bissau" title="Catholic Church in Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Ivory_Coast" title="Catholic Church in Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Kenya" title="Catholic Church in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Lesotho" title="Catholic Church in Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Liberia" title="Catholic Church in Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Libya" title="Catholic Church in Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Madagascar" title="Catholic Church in Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Malawi" title="Catholic Church in Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Mali" title="Catholic Church in Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Mauritania" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Church in Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Mauritius" title="Catholic Church in Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Morocco" title="Catholic Church in Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Mozambique" title="Catholic Church in Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Namibia" title="Catholic Church in Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Niger" title="Catholic Church in Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Nigeria" title="Catholic Church in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Rwanda" title="Catholic Church in Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Catholic Church in São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Senegal" title="Catholic Church in Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Seychelles" title="Catholic Church in Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Sierra_Leone" title="Catholic Church in Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Somalia" title="Catholic Church in Somalia">Somalia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Somaliland" title="Catholic Church in Somaliland">Somaliland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_South_Africa" title="Catholic Church in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_South_Sudan" title="Catholic Church in South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Sudan" title="Catholic Church in Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Tanzania" title="Catholic Church in Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Togo" title="Catholic Church in Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Tunisia" title="Catholic Church in Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Uganda" title="Catholic Church in Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Zambia" title="Catholic Church in Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Zimbabwe" title="Catholic Church in Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Church in Asia">Asia</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Afghanistan" title="Catholic Church in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Bangladesh" title="Catholic Church in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Bhutan" title="Catholic Church in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Brunei" title="Catholic Church in Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Cambodia" title="Catholic Church in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_China" title="Catholic Church in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_East_Timor" title="Catholic Church in East Timor">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Hong_Kong" title="Catholic Church in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_India" title="Catholic Church in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Indonesia" title="Catholic Church in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Japan" title="Catholic Church in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Kazakhstan" title="Catholic Church in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Korea" title="Catholic Church in Korea">Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_North_Korea" title="Catholic Church in North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_South_Korea" title="Catholic Church in South Korea">South Korea</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="Catholic Church in Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Laos" title="Catholic Church in Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Macau" title="Catholic Church in Macau">Macau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Malaysia" title="Catholic Church in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_the_Maldives" title="Catholic Church in the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Mongolia" title="Catholic Church in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Myanmar" title="Catholic Church in Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Nepal" title="Catholic Church in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Pakistan" title="Catholic Church in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_the_Philippines" title="Catholic Church in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Singapore" title="Catholic Church in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Catholic Church in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Taiwan" title="Catholic Church in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Tajikistan" title="Catholic Church in Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Thailand" title="Catholic Church in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Turkmenistan" title="Catholic Church in Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Uzbekistan" title="Catholic Church in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Vietnam" title="Catholic Church in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_the_Middle_East" title="Catholic Church in the Middle East">Middle East</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Armenia" title="Catholic Church in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Azerbaijan" title="Catholic Church in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Bahrain" title="Catholic Church in Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Cyprus" title="Catholic Church in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Georgia" title="Catholic Church in Georgia">Georgia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Abkhazia" title="Catholic Church in Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Iran" title="Catholic Church in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Iraq" title="Catholic Church in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Israel" title="Catholic Church in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Jordan" title="Catholic Church in Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Kuwait" title="Catholic Church in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Lebanon" title="Catholic Church in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Palestine" title="Catholic Church in Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Oman" title="Catholic Church in Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Qatar" title="Catholic Church in Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Catholic Church in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Syria" title="Catholic Church in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Turkey" title="Catholic Church in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Catholic Church in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Yemen" title="Catholic Church in Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Europe" title="Catholic Church in Europe">Europe</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Albania" title="Catholic Church in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Andorra" title="Catholic Church in Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Austria" title="Catholic Church in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Belarus" title="Catholic Church in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Belgium" title="Catholic Church in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Catholic Church in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Bulgaria" title="Catholic Church in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Croatia" title="Catholic Church in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Catholic Church in the Czech Republic">Czechia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Denmark" title="Catholic Church in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Estonia" title="Catholic Church in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Finland" title="Catholic Church in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_France" title="Catholic Church in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Germany" title="Catholic Church in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Greece" title="Catholic Church in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Hungary" title="Catholic Church in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Iceland" title="Catholic Church in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Ireland" title="Catholic Church in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Italy" title="Catholic Church in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Kosovo" title="Catholic Church in Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Latvia" title="Catholic Church in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Liechtenstein" title="Catholic Church in Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Lithuania" title="Catholic Church in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Luxembourg" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Church in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Malta" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Church in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Moldova" title="Catholic Church in Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Monaco" title="Catholic Church in Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Montenegro" title="Catholic Church in Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_the_Netherlands" title="Catholic Church in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_North_Macedonia" title="Catholic Church in North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Norway" title="Catholic Church in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Poland" title="Catholic Church in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Portugal" title="Catholic Church in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Romania" title="Catholic Church in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Russia" title="Catholic Church in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_San_Marino" title="Catholic Church in San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Serbia" title="Catholic Church in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Slovakia" title="Catholic Church in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Slovenia" title="Catholic Church in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Spain" title="Catholic Church in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Sweden" title="Catholic Church in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Switzerland" title="Catholic Church in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Ukraine" title="Catholic Church in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Catholic Church in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_England_and_Wales" title="Catholic Church in England and Wales">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Northern_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Church in Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Scotland" title="Catholic Church in Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_England_and_Wales" title="Catholic Church in England and Wales">Wales</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_North_America" title="Catholic Church in North America">North America</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Catholic Church in Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_the_Bahamas" title="Catholic Church in the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Barbados" title="Catholic Church in Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Belize" title="Catholic Church in Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Canada" title="Catholic Church in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Costa_Rica" title="Catholic Church in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Cuba" title="Catholic Church in Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Dominica" title="Catholic Church in Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Catholic Church in the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_El_Salvador" title="Catholic Church in El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Grenada" title="Catholic Church in Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Guatemala" title="Catholic Church in Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Haiti" title="Catholic Church in Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Honduras" title="Catholic Church in Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Jamaica" title="Catholic Church in Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Mexico" title="Catholic Church in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Nicaragua" title="Catholic Church in Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Panama" title="Catholic Church in Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Catholic Church in Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Saint_Lucia" title="Catholic Church in Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Catholic Church in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Catholic Church in Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">United States</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Oceania" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Church in Oceania">Oceania</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Australia" title="Catholic Church in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Fiji" title="Catholic Church in Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Kiribati" title="Catholic Church in Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_the_Marshall_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Church in the Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Church in the Federated States of Micronesia">Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Nauru" title="Catholic Church in Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_New_Zealand" title="Catholic Church in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Palau" title="Catholic Church in Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Catholic Church in Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Samoa" title="Catholic Church in Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Solomon_Islands" title="Catholic Church in Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Tonga" title="Catholic Church in Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Tuvalu" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Church in Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Vanuatu" title="Catholic Church in Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Latin_America" title="Catholic Church in Latin America">South America</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Argentina" title="Catholic Church in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Bolivia" title="Catholic Church in Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Brazil" title="Catholic Church in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Chile" title="Catholic Church in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Colombia" title="Catholic Church in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Ecuador" title="Catholic Church in Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Guyana" title="Catholic Church in Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Paraguay" title="Catholic Church in Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Peru" title="Catholic Church in Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Suriname" title="Catholic Church in Suriname">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Uruguay" title="Catholic Church in Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Venezuela" title="Catholic Church in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Catholic_Church_by_country" title="Template:Catholic Church by country"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Catholic_Church_by_country" title="Template talk:Catholic Church by country"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic_Church_by_country" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic Church by country"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> The Catholic Church in the United States is part of the worldwide <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> in <a href="/wiki/Full_communion" title="Full communion">communion</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">pope</a>. With 23 percent of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>' population as of 2018<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Church_in_the_United_States&action=edit">[update]</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> is the country's second-largest religious grouping after <a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_the_United_States" title="Protestantism in the United States">Protestantism</a>, and the country's largest single church if Protestantism is divided in the separate <a href="/wiki/Christian_denomination" title="Christian denomination">denominations</a>.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> In a 2020 <a href="/wiki/Gallup,_Inc." title="Gallup, Inc.">Gallup</a> poll, 25% of Americans said they were Catholic.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> The United States has the fourth-largest <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_by_country" title="Catholic Church by country">Catholic population in the world</a>, after <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Brazil" title="Catholic Church in Brazil">Brazil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Mexico" title="Catholic Church in Mexico">Mexico</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_the_Philippines" title="Catholic Church in the Philippines">Philippines</a>.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Church_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Catholic_Church_in_the_United_States" title="History of the Catholic Church in the United States">History of the Catholic Church in the United States</a></div> Catholicism has had a significant cultural, social, and political impact on the United States.<a href="#cite_note-Kinder2012-6">[6]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_colonial_period">Early colonial period</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Church_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early colonial period">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_the_Thirteen_Colonies" title="Catholic Church in the Thirteen Colonies">Catholic Church in the Thirteen Colonies</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spanish_missions_in_California" title="Spanish missions in California">Spanish missions in California</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St_Francis_Xavier_Church.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/St_Francis_Xavier_Church.jpg/220px-St_Francis_Xavier_Church.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/St_Francis_Xavier_Church.jpg/330px-St_Francis_Xavier_Church.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/St_Francis_Xavier_Church.jpg/440px-St_Francis_Xavier_Church.jpg 2x" data-file-width="496" data-file-height="381" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/St._Francis_Xavier_Church_and_Newtown_Manor_House_Historic_District" title="St. Francis Xavier Church and Newtown Manor House Historic District">St. Francis Xavier Church</a> in <a href="/wiki/Compton,_Maryland" title="Compton, Maryland">Compton, Maryland</a>, the oldest Catholic church in continuous operation from the <a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a><a href="#cite_note-maryland-7">[7]</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:King_louis_statue_tonemapped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/King_louis_statue_tonemapped.jpg/220px-King_louis_statue_tonemapped.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/King_louis_statue_tonemapped.jpg/330px-King_louis_statue_tonemapped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/King_louis_statue_tonemapped.jpg/440px-King_louis_statue_tonemapped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5487" data-file-height="3602" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Apotheosis_of_St._Louis" title="Apotheosis of St. Louis">Apotheosis of St. Louis</a> in <a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis</a><a href="#cite_note-colcath-8">[8]</a></figcaption></figure> One of the <a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a> of <a href="/wiki/British_America" title="British America">British America</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Maryland" title="Province of Maryland">Province of Maryland</a>, "a Catholic Proprietary,"<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> was founded with an explicitly <a href="/wiki/English_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="English Catholic">English Catholic</a> identity in the 17th century, contrasting itself with neighboring the Protestant-dominated <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Colony" title="Massachusetts Bay Colony">Massachusetts Bay Colony</a> and <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Virginia" title="Colony of Virginia">Colony of Virginia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-maryland-7">[7]</a> It was named after the Catholic Queen <a href="/wiki/Henrietta_Maria" class="mw-redirect" title="Henrietta Maria">Henrietta Maria</a>, the wife of <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">Charles I of England</a>. Politically, it was under the influence of Catholic <a href="/wiki/Colonial_families_of_Maryland" title="Colonial families of Maryland">colonial families of Maryland</a> such as the Calvert <a href="/wiki/Baron_Baltimore" title="Baron Baltimore">Baron Baltimore</a> and the <a href="/wiki/O%27Carroll" title="O'Carroll">Carroll</a> family, the latter of Irish origin.<a href="#cite_note-calcarr-10">[10]</a> Much of the religious situation in the Thirteen Colonies reflected the sectarian divisions of the <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">English Civil War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-newengland-11">[11]</a> This predicament was especially precarious for Catholics. For this reason, Calvert wanted to provide "a refuge for his fellow Catholics" who were "harassed in England by the Protestant majority." King Charles I, as a "Catholic sympathizer," favored and facilitated Calvert's plan if only to make evident that a "policy of religious toleration could permit Catholics and Protestants to live together in harmony." <a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Pennsylvania" title="Province of Pennsylvania">Province of Pennsylvania</a>, which was given to <a href="/wiki/Quakers" title="Quakers">Quaker</a> <a href="/wiki/William_Penn" title="William Penn">William Penn</a> by the last Catholic King of England, <a href="/wiki/James_II_of_England" title="James II of England">James II</a>, advocated religious toleration as a principle and some Catholics lived there.<a href="#cite_note-colcath-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> There were also some Catholics in the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_New_York" title="Province of New York">Province of New York</a>, named after King James II. In 1785, the estimated number of Catholics was at 25,000; 15,800 in Maryland, 7,000 in Pennsylvania and 1,500 in New York.<a href="#cite_note-eightyfive-14">[14]</a> There were only 25 priests serving the faithful. This was less than 2% of the total population in the Thirteen Colonies.<a href="#cite_note-eightyfive-14">[14]</a> In 1776, after the <a href="/wiki/Second_Continental_Congress" title="Second Continental Congress">Second Continental Congress</a> unanimously adopted and issued the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">United States Declaration of Independence</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Continental Army</a> prevailed over the British in the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> came to incorporate into itself territories with a pre-existing Catholic history under their previous governance by <a href="/wiki/New_France" title="New France">New France</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Spain" title="New Spain">New Spain</a>, the two premier European Catholic powers active in <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>.<a href="#cite_note-colcath-8">[8]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_the_United_States" title="Territorial evolution of the United States">territorial evolution of the United States</a> since 1776 has meant that today more areas that are now part of the United States were Catholic in colonial times before they were Protestant. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Founding_of_the_United_States">Founding of the United States</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Church_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Founding of the United States">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Catholic_Church_in_the_United_States" title="History of the Catholic Church in the United States">History of the Catholic Church in the United States</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Carroll_Gilbert_Stuart.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/John_Carroll_Gilbert_Stuart.jpg/220px-John_Carroll_Gilbert_Stuart.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/John_Carroll_Gilbert_Stuart.jpg/330px-John_Carroll_Gilbert_Stuart.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/John_Carroll_Gilbert_Stuart.jpg/440px-John_Carroll_Gilbert_Stuart.jpg 2x" data-file-width="754" data-file-height="921" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/John_Carroll_(archbishop_of_Baltimore)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Carroll (archbishop of Baltimore)">John Carroll</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Baltimore" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Baltimore">Archbishop of Baltimore</a>, the first Catholic bishop in the United States. His cousin, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Carroll_of_Carrollton" title="Charles Carroll of Carrollton">Charles Carroll</a>, was one of the 56 <a href="/wiki/Founding_Father_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Founding Father of the United States">Founding Father</a> to sign the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">Declaration of Independence</a>.</figcaption></figure> Anti-Catholicism was the policy for the English who first settled the New England colonies, and it persisted in the face of warfare with the French in <a href="/wiki/New_France" title="New France">New France</a>, now part of Canada.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> Maryland was founded by a Catholic, <a href="/wiki/Cecil_Calvert,_2nd_Baron_Baltimore" title="Cecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore">Lord Baltimore</a>, as the first 'non-denominational' colony and was the first to accommodate Catholics. A charter was issued to him in 1632.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> In 1650, the <a href="/wiki/Puritans" title="Puritans">Puritans</a> in the colony rebelled and repealed the Act of Toleration. Catholicism was outlawed and Catholic priests were hunted and exiled. By 1658, the Act of Toleration was reinstated and Maryland became the center of Catholicism into the mid-19th century. In 1689, Puritans rebelled and again repealed the <a href="/wiki/Maryland_Toleration_Act" title="Maryland Toleration Act">Maryland Toleration Act</a>. These rebels cooperated with the colonial assembly "dominated by Anglicans to endow the Church of England with tax support and to bar Catholics (and Quakers) from holding public office."<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> New York proved more tolerant with its Catholic governor, Thomas Dongan, and other Catholic officials.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiddleton2002158-18">[18]</a> Freedom of religion returned with the American Revolution. In 1756, a Maryland Catholic official estimated seven thousand practicing Catholics in Maryland and three thousand in Pennsylvania.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> The Williamsburg Foundation estimates in 1765 Maryland Catholics at 20,000 and 6,000 in Pennsylvania. The population of these colonies at the time was approximately 180,000 and 200,000, respectively. By the time the American War for Independence started in 1776, Catholics formed 1.6%, or 40,000 persons of the 2.5 million population of the 13 colonies.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiddleton200295–100,_145,_158,_159,_349n-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaynard1941126-21">[21]</a> Another estimate is 35,000 in 1789, 60% in Maryland with not many more than 30 priests.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> John Carroll, first Catholic Bishop, in 1785, two years after the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1783)" title="Treaty of Paris (1783)">Treaty of Paris (1783)</a>, reported 24,000 registered communicants in the new country, of whom 90% were in Maryland and Pennsylvania.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> After the Revolution, Rome made entirely new arrangements for the creation of an American diocese under American bishops.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaynard1941155-25">[25]</a> Numerous Catholics served in the American army and the new nation had very close ties with Catholic France.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaynard1941126–142-26">[26]</a> General George Washington insisted on toleration; for example, he issued strict orders in 1775 that "<a href="/wiki/Pope%27s_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Pope's Day">Pope's Day</a>," the colonial equivalent of <a href="/wiki/Guy_Fawkes_Night" title="Guy Fawkes Night">Guy Fawkes Night</a>, was not to be celebrated. European Catholics played major military roles, especially <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_du_Motier,_Marquis_de_Lafayette" title="Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette">Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Donatien_de_Vimeur,_comte_de_Rochambeau" title="Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau">Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Hector,_comte_d%27Estaing" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Hector, comte d'Estaing">Charles Hector, comte d'Estaing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Casimir_Pulaski" title="Casimir Pulaski">Casimir Pulaski</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tadeusz_Ko%C5%9Bciuszko" title="Tadeusz Kościuszko">Tadeusz Kościuszko</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaynard1941140–141-27">[27]</a> Irish-born Commodore <a href="/wiki/John_Barry_(naval_officer)" title="John Barry (naval officer)">John Barry</a> from <a href="/wiki/County_Wexford" title="County Wexford">Co Wexford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>, often credited as "the Father of the American Navy," also played an important military role.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> In a letter to Bishop Carroll, Washington acknowledged this unique contribution of French Catholics as well as the patriotic contribution of Carroll himself: "And I promise that your fellow-citizens will not forget the patriotic part which you took in the accomplishments of their Revolution, and the establishment of their government; nor the important assistance which they received from a nation in which the Roman Catholic religion is professed."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEllis196939-29">[29]</a> Beginning in approximately 1780 there was a <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_the_Age_of_Discovery#Emergence_of_the_American_Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church and the Age of Discovery">struggle</a> between <a href="/wiki/Trusteeism#United_States" title="Trusteeism">lay trustees</a> and bishops over the ownership of church property, with the trustees losing control following the 1852 <a href="/wiki/Plenary_Councils_of_Baltimore" title="Plenary Councils of Baltimore">Plenary Councils of Baltimore</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Howard_C._Lee_1997_6-30">[30]</a> Historian Jay Dolan, writing on the colonial era in 2011, said: <dl><dd>They had lived as second-class citizens, discriminated against politically, professionally, and socially. The revolution changed all this. New laws and new constitutions gave them religious freedom.... [leading] John Carroll to observe in 1779 that Roman Catholics are members of Congress, assemblies, and hold civil and military posts.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a></dd></dl> President Washington promoted religious tolerance by proclamations and by publicly attending services in various Protestant and Catholic churches.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> The old colonial laws imposing restrictions on Catholics were gradually abolished by the states, and were prohibited in the new federal constitution.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> In 1787, two Catholics, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Carroll" title="Daniel Carroll">Daniel Carroll</a> of the Irish O'Carrolls and Irish born <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Fitzsimons" title="Thomas Fitzsimons">Thomas Fitzsimons</a>, helped draft the new <a href="/wiki/United_States_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Constitution">United States Constitution</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaynard1941145–146-34">[34]</a> John Carroll was appointed by the Vatican as Prefect Apostolic, making him superior of the missionary church in the thirteen states. He formulated the first plans for Georgetown University and became the first American bishop in 1789.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19th_century">19th century</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Church_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 19th century">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/19th_century_history_of_the_Catholic_Church_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="19th century history of the Catholic Church in the United States">19th century history of the Catholic Church in the United States</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St_Patrick%27s_cathedral_NY.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/St_Patrick%27s_cathedral_NY.jpg/220px-St_Patrick%27s_cathedral_NY.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/St_Patrick%27s_cathedral_NY.jpg/330px-St_Patrick%27s_cathedral_NY.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/St_Patrick%27s_cathedral_NY.jpg/440px-St_Patrick%27s_cathedral_NY.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1692" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Nave" title="Nave">nave</a> of the <a href="/wiki/St._Patrick%27s_Cathedral_(Manhattan)" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Patrick's Cathedral (Manhattan)">St. Patrick's Cathedral</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, completed in 1878</figcaption></figure> In 1803, the <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Purchase" title="Louisiana Purchase">Louisiana Purchase</a> saw vast territories in <a href="/wiki/French_Louisiana" title="French Louisiana">French Louisiana</a> transferred over from the First French Republic, areas that would become the following states; <a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska">Nebraska</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">South Dakota</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Wyoming</a> and <a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">Montana</a>, half of <a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a>, and <a href="/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota">North Dakota</a>, parts of <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>, and <a href="/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota">North Dakota</a>.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> The French named a number of their settlements after Catholic saints, such as <a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sault_Ste._Marie,_Michigan" title="Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan">Sault Ste. Marie</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._Ignace,_Michigan" title="St. Ignace, Michigan">St. Ignace</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._Charles,_Missouri" title="St. Charles, Missouri">St. Charles</a> and others.<a href="#cite_note-cities-37">[37]</a> The Catholic, culturally French population of Americans, descended from this colony are today known as the <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Creole_people" title="Louisiana Creole people">Louisiana Creole</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cajuns" title="Cajuns">Cajun people</a>.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> During the 19th century, territories previously belonging to the Catholic <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish Empire</a> became part of the United States, starting with <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a> in the 1820s.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> Most of the Spanish American territories with a Catholic heritage became independent during the early 19th century, this included <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> on the border of the United States. The United States subsequently annexed parts of Mexico, starting with <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> in the 1840s and after the end of the <a href="/wiki/Mexican%E2%80%93American_War" title="Mexican–American War">Mexican–American War</a> an area known as the <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Cession" title="Mexican Cession">Mexican Cession</a>, including what would become the states of <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">Utah</a>, most of <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a>, the rest of New Mexico, Colorado and Wyoming.<a href="#cite_note-BLM-41">[41]</a> To an even greater extent than the French, the Spanish had named many settlements in the colonial period after Catholic saints or in reference to Catholic religious symbolism, names that they would retain after becoming part of the United States, especially in California (<a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sacramento" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacramento">Sacramento</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Bernardino" class="mw-redirect" title="San Bernardino">San Bernardino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santa_Barbara,_California" title="Santa Barbara, California">Santa Barbara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santa_Monica,_California" title="Santa Monica, California">Santa Monica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santa_Clarita,_California" title="Santa Clarita, California">Santa Clarita</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Juan_Capistrano" class="mw-redirect" title="San Juan Capistrano">San Juan Capistrano</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Luis_Obispo" class="mw-redirect" title="San Luis Obispo">San Luis Obispo</a> and numerous others), as well as Texas (<a href="/wiki/San_Antonio" title="San Antonio">San Antonio</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Juan,_Texas" title="San Juan, Texas">San Juan</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Marcos,_Texas" title="San Marcos, Texas">San Marcos</a> and <a href="/wiki/San_Angelo,_Texas" title="San Angelo, Texas">San Angelo</a>), New Mexico (<a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe,_New_Mexico" title="Santa Fe, New Mexico">Santa Fe</a>) and Florida (<a href="/wiki/St._Augustine,_Florida" title="St. Augustine, Florida">St. Augustine</a>).<a href="#cite_note-cities-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> In 1898, following the <a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American War</a>, the United States took control of <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a> for a time, all of which had several centuries of Spanish Catholic colonial history, though they were not made into states.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> The number of Catholics surged starting in the 1840s as <a href="/wiki/German_Americans" title="German Americans">German</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irish_Americans" title="Irish Americans">Irish</a>, and other European Catholics came in large numbers. After 1890, <a href="/wiki/Italian_Americans" title="Italian Americans">Italians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Polish_Americans" title="Polish Americans">Poles</a> formed the largest numbers of new Catholics, but many countries in Europe contributed, as did Quebec. By 1850, Catholics had become the country's largest single denomination. Between 1860 and 1890, their population tripled to seven million. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Catholic_revival">Catholic revival</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Church_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Catholic revival">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Our_Lady_of_Sorrows_080202_feedback.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Our_Lady_of_Sorrows_080202_feedback.jpg/220px-Our_Lady_of_Sorrows_080202_feedback.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Our_Lady_of_Sorrows_080202_feedback.jpg/330px-Our_Lady_of_Sorrows_080202_feedback.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Our_Lady_of_Sorrows_080202_feedback.jpg/440px-Our_Lady_of_Sorrows_080202_feedback.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2672" data-file-height="1849" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Sorrows_Basilica" title="Our Lady of Sorrows Basilica">The Basilica of Our Lady of Sorrows</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St._Augustine_-_Cathedral_Basilica_of_St._Augustine_-_20220626101741.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/St._Augustine_-_Cathedral_Basilica_of_St._Augustine_-_20220626101741.jpg/220px-St._Augustine_-_Cathedral_Basilica_of_St._Augustine_-_20220626101741.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/St._Augustine_-_Cathedral_Basilica_of_St._Augustine_-_20220626101741.jpg/330px-St._Augustine_-_Cathedral_Basilica_of_St._Augustine_-_20220626101741.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/St._Augustine_-_Cathedral_Basilica_of_St._Augustine_-_20220626101741.jpg/440px-St._Augustine_-_Cathedral_Basilica_of_St._Augustine_-_20220626101741.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption>18th century <a href="/wiki/New_Spain" title="New Spain">New Spanish</a> <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_Basilica_of_St._Augustine" title="Cathedral Basilica of St. Augustine">Cathedral Basilica of St. Augustine</a> in <a href="/wiki/St._Augustine,_Florida" title="St. Augustine, Florida">St. Augustine, Florida</a></figcaption></figure> Historian <a href="/wiki/John_McGreevy" title="John McGreevy">John McGreevy</a> identifies a major Catholic revival that swept across Europe, North America, and South America in the early 19th century. It was nurtured in the world of Catholic urban neighborhoods, parishes, schools, and associations, whose members understood themselves as arrayed against, and morally superior to the wider American society. The Catholic Revival is called "Ultramontanism." It included a new emphasis on Thomistic theology for intellectuals. For parishioners it meant a much deeper piety that emphasized miracles, saints, and new devotions such as, compulsory Sunday attendance, regular confession and communion, praying the rosary, a devotion to the Blessed Virgin, and meatless Fridays. There was a deeper respect for bishops, and especially the Pope, with more direct control by the Vatican over selecting bishops and less autonomy for local parishes. There was a sharp increase in Mass attendance, religious vocations soared, especially among women. Catholics set up a parochial school system using the newly available nuns, and funding from the more religious parents. Intermarriage with Protestants was strongly discouraged. It was tolerated only if the children were brought up Catholics. The parochial schools effectively promoted marriage inside the faith. By the late 19th century dioceses were building foreign language elementary schools in parishes that catered to Germans and other non-English speaking groups. They raised large sums to build English-only diocesan high schools, which had the effect of increasing ethnic intermarriage and diluting ethnic nationalism.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> Leadership was increasingly in the hands of the Irish. The Irish bishops worked closely with the Vatican and promoted Vatican supremacy that culminated in Papal infallibility proclaimed in 1870.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> The bishops began standardizing discipline in the American Church with the convocation of the <a href="/wiki/Plenary_Councils_of_Baltimore" title="Plenary Councils of Baltimore">Plenary Councils of Baltimore</a> in 1852, 1866 and 1884. These councils resulted in the promulgation of the <a href="/wiki/Baltimore_Catechism" title="Baltimore Catechism">Baltimore Catechism</a> and the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_University_of_America" title="Catholic University of America">Catholic University of America</a>. Jesuit priests who had been expelled from Europe found a new base in the U.S. They founded numerous secondary schools and 28 colleges and universities, including <a href="/wiki/Georgetown_University" title="Georgetown University">Georgetown University</a> (1789), <a href="/wiki/St._Louis_University" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Louis University">St. Louis University (1818)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boston_College" title="Boston College">Boston College</a>, the <a href="/wiki/College_of_Holy_Cross" class="mw-redirect" title="College of Holy Cross">College of Holy Cross</a>, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Santa_Clara" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Santa Clara">University of Santa Clara</a>, and several Loyola Colleges.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> Many other religious communities like the <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Order" title="Dominican Order">Dominicans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_Holy_Cross" title="Congregation of Holy Cross">Congregation of Holy Cross</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Franciscans" title="Franciscans">Franciscans</a> followed suit. In the 1890s, the <a href="/wiki/Americanism_(heresy)" title="Americanism (heresy)">Americanism controversy</a> roiled senior officials. The Vatican suspected there was too much liberalism in the American Church, and the result was a turn to conservative theology as the Irish bishops increasingly demonstrated their total loyalty to the Pope, and traces of liberal thought in the Catholic colleges were suppressed.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> As part of this controversy, the founder of the <a href="/wiki/Paulist_Fathers" title="Paulist Fathers">Paulist Fathers</a>, Isaac Hecker, was accused by the French cleric <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Maignen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Maignen (page does not exist)">Charles Maignen</a> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Maignen" class="extiw" title="fr:Charles Maignen">fr</a>] (in French) of subjectivism and <a href="/wiki/Crypto-Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Crypto-Protestant">crypto-Protestantism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> Additionally some who sympathized with Hecker in France were accused of <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Hecker#Hecker_and_Americanism" title="Isaac Hecker">Americanism</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Nuns_and_sisters">Nuns and sisters</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Church_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Nuns and sisters">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Catholic_sisters_and_nuns_in_the_United_States" title="Catholic sisters and nuns in the United States">Catholic sisters and nuns in the United States</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GibbonsPhotoStanding.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/GibbonsPhotoStanding.jpg/220px-GibbonsPhotoStanding.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="313" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/GibbonsPhotoStanding.jpg/330px-GibbonsPhotoStanding.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/GibbonsPhotoStanding.jpg/440px-GibbonsPhotoStanding.jpg 2x" data-file-width="734" data-file-height="1043" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/James_Gibbons" title="James Gibbons">James Gibbons</a> (1834–1921), cardinal <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Baltimore" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Baltimore">archbishop of Baltimore</a>, a widely respected American Catholics leader</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Nun" title="Nun">Nuns</a> and <a href="/wiki/Religious_sister_(Catholic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious sister (Catholic)">sisters</a> played a major role in American religion, education, nursing and social work since the early 19th century. In Catholic Europe, convents were heavily endowed over the centuries, and were sponsored by the aristocracy. But there were very few rich American Catholics, and no aristocrats. Religious orders were founded by entrepreneurial women who saw a need and an opportunity, and were staffed by devout women from poor families. The numbers grew rapidly, from 900 sisters in 15 communities in 1840, 50,000 in 170 congregations in 1900, and 135,000 in 300 different congregations by 1930. Starting in 1820, the sisters always outnumbered the priests and brothers.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> Their numbers peaked in 1965 at 180,000 then plunged to 56,000 in 2010. Many women left their orders, and few new members were added.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> On April 8, 2008, Cardinal <a href="/wiki/William_Levada" title="William Levada">William Levada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prefect_of_the_Congregation_for_the_Doctrine_of_the_Faith" class="mw-redirect" title="Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith">prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith</a> under <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Pope Benedict XVI</a>, met with the <a href="/wiki/Leadership_Conference_of_Women_Religious" title="Leadership Conference of Women Religious">Leadership Conference of Women Religious</a> leaders in Rome and communicated that the CDF would conduct a doctrinal assessment of the LCWR, expressing concern that the nuns were expressing radical feminist views. According to Laurie Goodstein, the investigation, which was viewed by many U.S. Catholics as a "vexing and unjust inquisition of the sisters who ran the church's schools, hospitals and charities", was ultimately closed in 2015 by Pope Francis.<a href="#cite_note-Goodstein2015-52">[52]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Anti-Catholicism">Anti-Catholicism</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Church_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Anti-Catholicism">edit</a>]</div> Some <a href="/wiki/Anti-Catholicism" title="Anti-Catholicism">anti-Catholic</a> political movements appeared: the <a href="/wiki/Know_Nothing" title="Know Nothing">Know Nothings</a> in the 1840s. <a href="/wiki/American_Protective_Association" title="American Protective Association">American Protective Association</a> in the 1890s, and the <a href="/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan#Second_Klan" title="Ku Klux Klan">second Ku Klux Klan</a> in the 1920s, were active in the United States. But even as early as 1884, in the face of outbreaks of anti-Catholicism, Catholic leaders like James Cardinal Gibbons were filled with admiration for their country: "The oftener I go to Europe," Gibbons said, "the longer I remain there, and the more I study the political condition of its people, I return home filled with greater admiration for our own country and [am] more profoundly grateful that I am an American citizen."<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> Animosity by Protestants waned as Catholics demonstrated their patriotism in <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, their commitment to charity, and their dedication to democratic values.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th–21st_centuries">20th–21st centuries</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Church_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 20th–21st centuries">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/20th-century_history_of_the_Catholic_Church_in_the_United_States" title="20th-century history of the Catholic Church in the United States">20th-century history of the Catholic Church in the United States</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bishop_Fulton_J._Sheen_1956.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Bishop_Fulton_J._Sheen_1956.JPG/220px-Bishop_Fulton_J._Sheen_1956.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Bishop_Fulton_J._Sheen_1956.JPG/330px-Bishop_Fulton_J._Sheen_1956.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Bishop_Fulton_J._Sheen_1956.JPG/440px-Bishop_Fulton_J._Sheen_1956.JPG 2x" data-file-width="873" data-file-height="693" /></a><figcaption>Bishop <a href="/wiki/Fulton_J._Sheen" title="Fulton J. Sheen">Fulton J. Sheen</a> launched his own television show, <a href="/wiki/Life_Is_Worth_Living" title="Life Is Worth Living">Life Is Worth Living</a>, which aired during the 1950, as the church attempted to convey its message to a wider audience with the emergence of <a href="/wiki/Mass_media" title="Mass media">mass media</a> and made him a media star</figcaption></figure> In the era of intense emigration from the 1840s to 1914, bishops often set up separate parishes for major ethnic groups, from Ireland, Germany, Poland, French Canada and Italy. In Iowa, the development of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Dubuque" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Dubuque">Archdiocese of Dubuque</a>, the work of <a href="/wiki/Mathias_Loras" title="Mathias Loras">Bishop Loras</a> and the building of <a href="/wiki/St._Raphael%27s_Cathedral_(Dubuque)" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Raphael's Cathedral (Dubuque)">St. Raphael's Cathedral</a>, to meet the needs of Germans and Irish, is illustrative. Noteworthy, too, was the contribution of 400 Italian Jesuit expatriates who, between 1848 and 1919, planted dozens of institutions to serve the diverse population out West. By century's end, they had founded colleges (later to become universities) in San Francisco, Santa Clara, Denver, Seattle and Spokane to meet the cultural and religious needs of people of that region. They also ministered to miners in Colorado, to Native Peoples in several states, and to Hispanics in New Mexico, "building churches [in the latter state], publishing books and newspapers, and running schools in both the public and private sectors."<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> By the beginning of the 20th century, approximately one-sixth of the population of the United States was Catholic. Modern Catholic immigrants come to the United States from the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a>, especially <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> and <a href="/wiki/Central_America" title="Central America">Central America</a>. This multiculturalism and diversity has influenced the conduct of Catholicism in the United States. For example, most dioceses offer <a href="/wiki/Mass_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Mass in the Catholic Church">Mass</a> in a number of languages, and an increasing number of parishes offer Masses in the official language of the church, Latin, due to its universal nature. Sociologist <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Greeley" title="Andrew Greeley">Andrew Greeley</a>, an ordained Catholic priest at the University of Chicago, undertook a series of national surveys of Catholics in the late 20th century. He published hundreds of books and articles, both technical and popular. His biographer summarizes his interpretation: <dl><dd>He argued for the continued salience of ethnicity in American life and the distinctiveness of the Catholic religious imagination. Catholics differed from other Americans, he explained in a variety of publications, by their tendency to think in "sacramental" terms, imagining God as present in a world that was revelatory rather than bleak. The poetic elements in the Catholic tradition—its stories, imagery, and rituals—kept most Catholics in the fold, according to Greeley, whatever their disagreements with particular aspects of church discipline or doctrine. Despite the unchanging nature of church doctrine, Greeley insisted that Humanae Vitae, the 1968 papal encyclical upholding the Catholic ban on contraception is solely responsible for the sharp decline in weekly Mass attendance between 1968 and 1975.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a></dd></dl> In 1965, 71% of Catholics attended Mass regularly.<a href="#cite_note-cch-57">[57]</a> In the later 20th century "[...] the Catholic Church in the United States became the subject of controversy due to allegations of <a href="/wiki/Catholic_sexual_abuse_scandal_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic sexual abuse scandal in the United States">clerical child abuse of children and adolescents</a>, of episcopal negligence in arresting these crimes, and of numerous civil suits that cost Catholic dioceses hundreds of millions of dollars in damages."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarey2004141-58">[58]</a> Because of this, higher scrutiny and governance as well as protective policies and diocesan investigation into seminaries have been enacted to correct these former abuses of power, and safeguard parishioners and the church from further abuses and scandals. One initiative is the "<a href="/wiki/National_Leadership_Roundtable_on_Church_Management" title="National Leadership Roundtable on Church Management">National Leadership Roundtable on Church Management</a>" (NLRCM), a lay-led group born in the wake of the sexual abuse scandal and dedicated to bringing better administrative practices to 194 dioceses that include 19,000 parishes nationwide with some 35,000 <a href="/wiki/Lay_Ecclesial_Ministry" class="mw-redirect" title="Lay Ecclesial Ministry">lay ecclesial ministers</a> who log 20 hours or more a week in these parishes.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">when?</a>]According to a 2015 study by Pew Researchers, 39% of Catholics attend church at least once a week and 40%, once or twice a month.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> Although the issue of trusteeism was mostly settled in the 19th century, there have been some related issues. In 2005, an interdict was issued to board members of <a href="/wiki/St._Stanislaus_Kostka_Church_(St._Louis,_Missouri)" title="St. Stanislaus Kostka Church (St. Louis, Missouri)">St. Stanislaus Kostka Church (St. Louis, Missouri)</a> in an attempt to get them to turn over the church property to the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_St._Louis" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of St. Louis">Archdiocese of St. Louis</a>. In 2006, a priest was accused of stealing $1.4 million from his parish, prompting a debate over <a href="/wiki/Connecticut_Raised_Bill_1098" title="Connecticut Raised Bill 1098">Connecticut Raised Bill 1098</a> as a means of forcing the Catholic church to manage money differently. Related to issues of asset ownership, some parishes have been liquidated and the <a href="/wiki/Parish_in_the_Catholic_Church#Opposition_to_suppressions" class="mw-redirect" title="Parish in the Catholic Church">assets taken by the diocese</a> instead of being distributed to nearby parishes, which in violation of church financial rules. In 2009, <a href="/wiki/John_Micklethwait" title="John Micklethwait">John Micklethwait</a>, editor of <a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a> and co-author of <a href="/wiki/God_is_Back" class="mw-redirect" title="God is Back">God Is Back: How the Global Revival of Faith Is Changing the World</a>, said that American Catholicism, which he describes in his book as "arguably the most striking Evangelical success story of the second half of the nineteenth century," has competed quite happily "without losing any of its basic characteristics." It has thrived in America's "pluralism."<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> In 2011, an estimated 26 million American Catholics were "<a href="/wiki/Lapsed_Catholic" title="Lapsed Catholic">fallen-away</a>", that is, not practicing their faith. Some religious commentators commonly refer to them as "the second largest religious denomination in the United States."<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> Recent Pew Research survey results in 2014 show about 31.7% of American adults were raised Catholic, while 41% from among that group no longer identify as Catholic.<a href="#cite_note-pew-63">[63]</a> In a 2015 survey by researchers at <a href="/wiki/Georgetown_University" title="Georgetown University">Georgetown University</a>, Americans who self identify as Catholic, including those who do not attend Mass regularly, numbered 81.6 million or 25% of the population, and 68.1 million or 20% of the American population are Catholics tied to a specific parish. About 25% of US Catholics say they attend Masses once a week or more, and about 38% went at least once a month. The study found that the number of US Catholics has increased by 3 to 6% each decade since 1965, and that the Catholic Church is "the most diverse in terms of race and ethnicity in the US," with Hispanics accounting for 38% of Catholics and blacks and Asians 3% each.<a href="#cite_note-manilatimes_afp-64">[64]</a> The Catholic Church in the US "represents perhaps the most multi-ethnic organization of any kind, and so is a major laboratory for cross-cultural cooperation and cross-cultural communication completely within the nation's borders."<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> It is as if it wishes to forge a broader ecclesial identity to give newcomers a more inclusive welcome, similar to the aspirations of 19th century church leaders like Archbishops John Ireland and James Gibbons who "wanted Catholic immigrants to become fully American, rather than 'strangers in a strange land.' "<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> Only 2 percent of American Catholics go to confession on a regular basis, while three-quarters of them go to confession once a year or less often; a valid confession is required by the Church after committing <a href="/wiki/Mortal_sin" title="Mortal sin">mortal sin</a> to return to the State of Grace, necessary to receive Holy Communion.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> As one of the precepts of the church, it is also required that every Catholic makes a valid confession at least once a year.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> According to Matthew Bunsen's analysis of a Real Clear poll of American Catholics in late 2019: <dl><dd>Catholicism has been battered by the winds of secularism, materialism, and relativism. Failures in catechesis and formation have created wide gaps in practice and belief that stretch now into every aspect of Catholic life.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a></dd></dl> Since 1970, weekly church attendance among Catholics has dropped from 55% to 20%, the number of priests declined from 59,000 to 35,000 and the number of people who have left Catholicism has increased from under 2 million in 1975 to over 30 million today.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> In 2022, there were fewer than 42,000 nuns left in the United States, a 76% decline over 50 years, with fewer than 1% of nuns under age 40.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> The RealClear poll data indicates that the Latino element has now reached 37 percent of the Catholic population, and growing. It is 60 percent Democratic, while the non-Latinos are split about 50-50 politically. Although many Americans still identify as Catholics, their religious participation rates are declining. Today only 39% of all Catholics go to Mass at least weekly. Nearly two-thirds of Catholics say that their trust in the church leadership has been undermined by the clergy sex abuse crisis. Nevertheless, 86% of all Catholics still consider religion important in their own lives.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organization">Organization</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Church_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Organization">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_dioceses_in_the_United_States" title="List of Catholic dioceses in the United States">List of Catholic dioceses in the United States</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Roman_Catholic_dioceses_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/US_Roman_Catholic_dioceses_map.png/220px-US_Roman_Catholic_dioceses_map.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/US_Roman_Catholic_dioceses_map.png/330px-US_Roman_Catholic_dioceses_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/US_Roman_Catholic_dioceses_map.png/440px-US_Roman_Catholic_dioceses_map.png 2x" data-file-width="1513" data-file-height="983" /></a><figcaption>Provinces and dioceses of the Catholic Church in the U.S. with each color representing one of the 32 Latin Church provinces</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gerald_Farinas_Holy_Name_Cathedral_from_Street.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Gerald_Farinas_Holy_Name_Cathedral_from_Street.jpg/220px-Gerald_Farinas_Holy_Name_Cathedral_from_Street.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Gerald_Farinas_Holy_Name_Cathedral_from_Street.jpg/330px-Gerald_Farinas_Holy_Name_Cathedral_from_Street.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Gerald_Farinas_Holy_Name_Cathedral_from_Street.jpg/440px-Gerald_Farinas_Holy_Name_Cathedral_from_Street.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Holy_Name_Cathedral_(Chicago)" title="Holy Name Cathedral (Chicago)">Holy Name Cathedral</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, the mother church of one of the largest <a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_dioceses_in_the_United_States" title="List of Catholic dioceses in the United States">Catholic dioceses</a> in the United States</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cathedral_of_Our_Lady_of_Angels,_Los_Angeles.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Cathedral_of_Our_Lady_of_Angels%2C_Los_Angeles.JPG/220px-Cathedral_of_Our_Lady_of_Angels%2C_Los_Angeles.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Cathedral_of_Our_Lady_of_Angels%2C_Los_Angeles.JPG/330px-Cathedral_of_Our_Lady_of_Angels%2C_Los_Angeles.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Cathedral_of_Our_Lady_of_Angels%2C_Los_Angeles.JPG/440px-Cathedral_of_Our_Lady_of_Angels%2C_Los_Angeles.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2554" data-file-height="1884" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Our_Lady_of_the_Angels_(Los_Angeles)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathedral of Our Lady of the Angels (Los Angeles)">Cathedral of Our Lady of the Angels</a>, the head church of the <a href="/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Los_Angeles" class="mw-redirect" title="Archdiocese of Los Angeles">Archdiocese of Los Angeles</a> and second-largest Catholic church in the United States<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Holy_Name_of_Jesus_Cathedral.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Holy_Name_of_Jesus_Cathedral.jpg/220px-Holy_Name_of_Jesus_Cathedral.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Holy_Name_of_Jesus_Cathedral.jpg/330px-Holy_Name_of_Jesus_Cathedral.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Holy_Name_of_Jesus_Cathedral.jpg/440px-Holy_Name_of_Jesus_Cathedral.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2106" data-file-height="1406" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Holy_Name_of_Jesus_Cathedral_(Raleigh,_North_Carolina)" title="Holy Name of Jesus Cathedral (Raleigh, North Carolina)">Holy Name of Jesus Cathedral</a> in <a href="/wiki/Raleigh,_North_Carolina" title="Raleigh, North Carolina">Raleigh, North Carolina</a>, the fifth- largest <a href="/wiki/Cathedral" title="Cathedral">cathedral</a> in the United States<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a></figcaption></figure> Catholics gather as local communities called parishes, headed by a priest, and typically meet at a permanent church building for liturgies every Sunday, weekdays and on holy days. Within the 196 geographical dioceses and archdioceses (excluding the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_for_the_Military_Services,_USA" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese for the Military Services, USA">Archdiocese for the Military Services</a>), there were 17,007 local Catholic <a href="/wiki/Parishes" class="mw-redirect" title="Parishes">parishes</a> in the United States in 2018.<a href="#cite_note-CARA-75">[75]</a> The Catholic Church has the third highest total number of local congregations in the US behind <a href="/wiki/Southern_Baptist_Convention" title="Southern Baptist Convention">Southern Baptists</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_Methodist_Church" title="United Methodist Church">United Methodists</a>. However, the average Catholic parish is significantly larger than the average Baptist or Methodist congregation; there are more than four times as many Catholics as Southern Baptists and more than eight times as many Catholics as United Methodists.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> In the United States, there are 197 ecclesiastical jurisdictions: <ul><li>177 <a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a> dioceses <ul><li>including 32 Latin Catholic <a href="/wiki/Archdioceses" class="mw-redirect" title="Archdioceses">archdioceses</a></li></ul></li> <li>18 <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic</a> <a href="/wiki/Diocese" title="Diocese">eparchies</a> <ul><li>including 2 Eastern Catholic <a href="/wiki/Archeparchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Archeparchy">archeparchies</a></li> <li>including 1 <a href="/wiki/Syro-Malankara_Catholic_Eparchy_of_the_United_States_of_America_and_Canada" title="Syro-Malankara Catholic Eparchy of the United States of America and Canada">Eparchy</a> (for the <a href="/wiki/Syro-Malankara_Catholic_Church" title="Syro-Malankara Catholic Church">Syro-Malankara Catholic Church</a>)</li></ul></li> <li>2 ordinariates <ul><li>one <a href="/wiki/Personal_ordinariate" title="Personal ordinariate">personal ordinariate</a> for former <a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglicans</a> who came into full <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a> communion</li> <li>one for members of the military (though equivalent to an archdiocese, it is technically a <a href="/wiki/Military_ordinariate" title="Military ordinariate">military ordinariate</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic Churches</a> are churches with origins in Eastern Europe, Asia and Africa that have their own distinctive liturgical, legal and organizational systems and are identified by the national or ethnic character of their region of origin. Each is considered fully equal to the Latin tradition within the Catholic Church. In the United States, there are 15 Eastern Church dioceses (called <a href="/wiki/Eparchy" title="Eparchy">eparchies</a>) and two Eastern Church archdioceses (or <a href="/wiki/Archeparchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Archeparchy">archeparchies</a>), the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Catholic_Archeparchy_of_Pittsburgh" title="Byzantine Catholic Archeparchy of Pittsburgh">Byzantine Catholic Archeparchy of Pittsburgh</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Catholic_Archeparchy_of_Philadelphia" title="Ukrainian Catholic Archeparchy of Philadelphia">Ukrainian Catholic Archeparchy of Philadelphia</a>. The apostolic exarchate for the Syro-Malankara Catholic Church in the United States is headed by a bishop who is a member of the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops. An apostolic exarchate is the Eastern Catholic Church equivalent of an apostolic vicariate. It is not a full-fledged diocese/eparchy, but is established by the Holy See for the pastoral care of Eastern Catholics in an area outside the territory of the Eastern Catholic Church to which they belong. It is headed by a bishop or a priest with the title of <a href="/wiki/Exarch#Modern_Eastern_Catholic_churches" title="Exarch">exarch</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Personal_Ordinariate_of_the_Chair_of_Saint_Peter" title="Personal Ordinariate of the Chair of Saint Peter">Personal Ordinariate of the Chair of Saint Peter</a> was established January 1, 2012, to serve former Anglican groups and clergy in the United States who sought to become Catholic. Similar to a diocese though national in scope, the ordinariate is based in <a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston</a>, Texas, and includes parishes and communities across the United States that are fully Catholic, while retaining elements of their Anglican heritage and traditions. As of 2024<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Church_in_the_United_States&action=edit">[update]</a>, 8 dioceses out of 196 are vacant (<a href="/wiki/Sede_vacante" title="Sede vacante">sede vacante</a>). The central leadership body of the Catholic Church in the United States is the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Conference_of_Catholic_Bishops" title="United States Conference of Catholic Bishops">U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops</a>, made up of the hierarchy of <a href="/wiki/Bishop_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop (Catholic Church)">bishops</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Archbishop" title="Archbishop">archbishops</a>) of the United States and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="United States Virgin Islands">U.S. Virgin Islands</a>, although each bishop is independent in his own <a href="/wiki/Diocese" title="Diocese">diocese</a>, answerable only to the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a>. The USCCB elects a president to serve as their administrative head, but he is in no way the "head" of the church or of Catholics in the United States. In addition to the 195 dioceses and one <a href="/wiki/Syro-Malankara_Catholic_Exarchate_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Syro-Malankara Catholic Exarchate in the United States">exarchate</a><a href="#cite_note-exarchate-77">[77]</a> represented in the USCCB, there are several dioceses in the nation's other four overseas dependencies. In the Commonwealth of <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a>, the bishops in the six dioceses (one <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_bishop" title="Metropolitan bishop">metropolitan</a> <a href="/wiki/Archdiocese" class="mw-redirect" title="Archdiocese">archdiocese</a> and five suffragan dioceses) form their own <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_conference" title="Episcopal conference">episcopal conference</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rican_Episcopal_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="Puerto Rican Episcopal Conference">Puerto Rican Episcopal Conference</a> (Conferencia Episcopal Puertorriqueña).<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> The bishops in US <a href="/wiki/Insular_area" title="Insular area">insular areas</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a>—the Commonwealth of the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a>, the Territory of <a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">American Samoa</a>, and the Territory of <a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a>—are members of the <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_conference#Episcopal_Conferences" title="Episcopal conference">Episcopal Conference of the Pacific</a>. No <a href="/wiki/Primate_(bishop)" title="Primate (bishop)">primate</a> exists for Catholics in the United States. In the 1850s, the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Baltimore#Episcopate" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Baltimore">Archdiocese of Baltimore</a> was acknowledged a Prerogative of Place, which confers to its archbishop some of the leadership responsibilities granted to primates in other countries. The Archdiocese of Baltimore was the first diocese established in the United States, in 1789, with <a href="/wiki/John_Carroll_(bishop)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Carroll (bishop)">John Carroll</a> (1735–1815) as its first bishop. It was, for many years, the most influential diocese in the fledgling nation. Now, however, the United States has several large archdioceses and a number of <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholic_Church)" title="Cardinal (Catholic Church)">cardinal</a>-archbishops. By far, most Catholics in the United States belong to the <a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a> of the Catholic Church. Rite generally refers to the form of worship ("liturgical rite") in a church community owing to cultural and historical differences as well as differences in practice. However, the Vatican II document, Orientalium Ecclesiarum ("Of the Eastern Churches"), acknowledges that these Eastern Catholic communities are "true Churches" and not just rites within the Catholic Church.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> There are 14 other churches in the United States (23 within the global Catholic Church) which are in communion with Rome, fully recognized and valid in the eyes of the Catholic Church. They have their own bishops and <a href="/wiki/Eparchy" title="Eparchy">eparchies</a>. The largest of these communities in the U.S. is the <a href="/wiki/Chaldean_Catholic_Church" title="Chaldean Catholic Church">Chaldean Catholic Church</a>.<a href="#cite_note-cnewastat-80">[80]</a> Most of these churches are of Eastern European and Middle Eastern origin. Eastern Catholic Churches are distinguished from Eastern Orthodox, identifiable by their usage of the term Catholic.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> In recent years, particularly following the issuing of the <a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_letter#Letters_of_the_popes_in_modern_times" title="Ecclesiastical letter">apostolic letter</a> <a href="/wiki/Summorum_Pontificum" title="Summorum Pontificum">Summorum Pontificum</a> by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Pope Benedict XVI</a> in 2007, the United States has emerged as a stronghold for the small but growing <a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditionalist Catholic">Traditionalist Catholic</a> movement, along with <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_France" title="Catholic Church in France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_England_and_Wales" title="Catholic Church in England and Wales">England</a> and a few other <a href="/wiki/Anglophone" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglophone">Anglophone</a> countries.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> There are over 600 locations throughout the country where the <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Latin_Mass" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional Latin Mass">Traditional Latin Mass</a> is offered.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Portal:Current events">may be outdated</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personnel">Personnel</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Church_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Personnel">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Catholic_Church_in_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Catholic Church in the United States">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Catholic+Church+in+the+United+States%22">"Catholic Church in the United States"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Catholic+Church+in+the+United+States%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Catholic+Church+in+the+United+States%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Catholic+Church+in+the+United+States%22+-wikipedia">books</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Catholic+Church+in+the+United+States%22">scholar</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Catholic+Church+in+the+United+States%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a> (February 2024) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> The church employs people in a variety of leadership and service roles. Its ministers include ordained clergy (<a href="/wiki/Bishop_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop (Catholic Church)">bishops</a>, <a href="/wiki/Priesthood_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Priesthood (Catholic Church)">priests</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Deacon" title="Deacon">deacons</a>) and non-ordained <a href="/wiki/Lay_ecclesial_ministers" class="mw-redirect" title="Lay ecclesial ministers">lay ecclesial ministers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Theologians" class="mw-redirect" title="Theologians">theologians</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Catechists" class="mw-redirect" title="Catechists">catechists</a>. Some Catholics, both lay and clergy, live in a form of <a href="/wiki/Consecrated_life" title="Consecrated life">consecrated life</a>, rather than in marriage. This includes a wide range of relationships, from monastic (<a href="/wiki/Monk" title="Monk">monks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nun" title="Nun">nuns</a>), to mendicant (<a href="/wiki/Friar" title="Friar">friars</a> and sisters), apostolic (priests, <a href="/wiki/Brother_(Christian)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brother (Christian)">brothers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Religious_sister_(Catholic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious sister (Catholic)">sisters)</a>, and secular and lay institutes. While many of these also serve in some form of ministry, above, others are in secular careers, within or without the church. Consecrated life – in and of itself – does not make a person a part of the clergy or a minister of the church. Additionally, many lay people are employed in "secular" careers in support of church institutions, including educators, health care professionals, finance and human resources experts, lawyers, and others. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bishops">Bishops</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Church_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Bishops">edit</a>]</div> Leadership of the Catholic Church in the United States is provided by the bishops, individually for their own dioceses and collectively through the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Conference_of_Catholic_Bishops" title="United States Conference of Catholic Bishops">United States Conference of Catholic Bishops</a>. There are some mid-level groupings of bishops, such as ecclesiastical provinces (often covering a state) and the fourteen geographic regions of the USCCB, but these have little significance for most purposes. The ordinary office for a bishop is to be the bishop of a particular diocese, its chief pastor and minister, usually geographically defined and incorporating, on average, about 350,000 Catholic Christians. In <a href="/wiki/Canon_law" title="Canon law">canon law</a>, the bishop leading a particular diocese, or similar office, is called an "ordinary" (i.e., he has complete jurisdiction in this territory or grouping of Christians). There are two non-geographic dioceses, called "ordinariates", one for <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_for_the_Military_Services,_USA" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese for the Military Services, USA">military personnel</a> and one for <a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_dioceses_in_the_United_States" title="List of Catholic dioceses in the United States">former Anglicans</a> who are in full communion with the Catholic Church. Dioceses are grouped together geographically into provinces, usually within a state, part of a state, or multiple states together (see map below). A province comprises several dioceses which look to one ordinary bishop (usually of the most populous or historically influential diocese/city) for guidance and leadership. This lead bishop is their <a href="/wiki/Archbishop" title="Archbishop">archbishop</a> and his diocese is the <a href="/wiki/Archdiocese" class="mw-redirect" title="Archdiocese">archdiocese</a>. The archbishop is called the "metropolitan" bishop who strives to achieve some unanimity of practice with his brother "suffragan" bishops. Some larger dioceses have additional bishops assisting the diocesan bishop, and these are called "auxiliary" bishops or, if a "<a href="/wiki/Coadjutor_bishop" title="Coadjutor bishop">coadjutor" bishop</a>, with right of succession. Additionally, some bishops are called to advise and assist the bishop of Rome, the <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">pope</a>, in a particular way, either as an additional responsibility on top of their diocesan office or sometimes as a full-time position in the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Curia" title="Roman Curia">Roman Curia</a> or related institution serving the universal church. These are called <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholic_Church)" title="Cardinal (Catholic Church)">cardinals</a>, because they are "incardinated" onto a second diocese (Rome). All cardinals under the age of 80 participate in the election of a new pope when the office of the papacy becomes vacant. There are 428 active and retired Catholic bishops in the United States: <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cardinals_.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/Cardinals_.jpg" decoding="async" width="291" height="173" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="291" data-file-height="173" /></a><figcaption>Cardinals and bishops processing through <a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="St. Peter's Basilica">St. Peter's Basilica</a> in November 2014<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a></figcaption></figure> 255 active bishops: <ul><li>36 archbishops</li> <li>144 diocesan bishops</li> <li>67 auxiliary bishops</li> <li>8 apostolic or diocesan administrators</li></ul> 173 retired bishops: <ul><li>33 retired archbishops</li> <li>95 retired diocesan bishops</li> <li>45 retired auxiliary bishops</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cardinals">Cardinals</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Church_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Cardinals">edit</a>]</div> There are 17 U.S. cardinals.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> Five archdioceses are currently led by archbishops who have been created cardinals: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blase_J._Cupich" title="Blase J. Cupich">Blase J. Cupich</a> – <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Chicago" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Chicago">Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_DiNardo" title="Daniel DiNardo">Daniel DiNardo</a> – <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Galveston-Houston" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Galveston-Houston">Galveston-Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_M._Dolan" title="Timothy M. Dolan">Timothy M. Dolan</a> – <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_New_York" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilton_Daniel_Gregory" title="Wilton Daniel Gregory">Wilton Daniel Gregory</a> – <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Washington" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Washington">Washington, D.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_W._Tobin" title="Joseph W. Tobin">Joseph W. Tobin</a> – <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Newark" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Newark">Newark</a></li></ul> One cardinal serves as bishop of a diocese: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_W._McElroy" title="Robert W. McElroy">Robert W. McElroy</a> – <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_San_Diego" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of San Diego">San Diego</a></li></ul> Three cardinals are in service to the pope, in the Roman Curia or related offices: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Farrell" title="Kevin Farrell">Kevin Farrell</a> – <a href="/wiki/Prefect" title="Prefect">Prefect</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_Laity,_Family_and_Life" class="mw-redirect" title="Dicastery for Laity, Family and Life">Dicastery for Laity, Family and Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Michael_Harvey" title="James Michael Harvey">James Michael Harvey</a> – <a href="/wiki/Archpriest" title="Archpriest">Archpriest</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Saint_Paul_Outside_the_Walls" title="Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls">Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Francis_Prevost" title="Robert Francis Prevost">Robert Francis Prevost</a> – <a href="/wiki/Prefect" title="Prefect">Prefect</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_Bishops" title="Dicastery for Bishops">Dicastery for Bishops</a></li></ul> Eight cardinals are retired: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Leo_Burke" title="Raymond Leo Burke">Raymond Leo Burke</a> – patron emeritus of the <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Sovereign Military Order of Malta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Tribunal_of_the_Apostolic_Signatura" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura">Prefect Emeritus of the Apostolic Signatura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Mahony" title="Roger Mahony">Roger Mahony</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bishop_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop (Catholic Church)">Archbishop Emeritus</a> of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Los_Angeles" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Maida" title="Adam Maida">Adam Maida</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bishop_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop (Catholic Church)">Archbishop Emeritus</a> of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Detroit" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Detroit">Detroit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Frederick_O%27Brien" title="Edwin Frederick O'Brien">Edwin Frederick O'Brien</a> – <a href="/wiki/Grand_Master_(order)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Master (order)">Grand Master Emeritus</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre" title="Order of the Holy Sepulchre">Equestrian Order of the Knights of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_Patrick_O%27Malley" title="Seán Patrick O'Malley">Seán Patrick O'Malley</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bishop_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop (Catholic Church)">Archbishop Emeritus</a> of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Boston" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Boston">Boston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_Francis_Rigali" class="mw-redirect" title="Justin Francis Rigali">Justin Francis Rigali</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bishop_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop (Catholic Church)">Archbishop Emeritus</a> of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Philadelphia" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Stafford" title="James Stafford">James Stafford</a> – <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Penitentiary" title="Apostolic Penitentiary">Major Penitentiary Emeritus of the Apostolic Penitentiary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_Emeritus" class="mw-redirect" title="Archbishop Emeritus">Archbishop Emeritus</a> of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Denver" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Denver">Denver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Wuerl" title="Donald Wuerl">Donald Wuerl</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bishop_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop (Catholic Church)">Archbishop Emeritus</a> of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Washington" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Washington">Washington, D.C.</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Clergy_and_ministers">Clergy and ministers</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Church_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Clergy and ministers">edit</a>]</div> In 2018,<a href="#cite_note-CARA-75">[75]</a> there were approximately 100,000 clergy and ministers employed by the church in the United States, including: <ul><li>36,580 presbyters (priests) <ul><li>25,254 diocesan</li> <li>11,326 religious/consecrated</li></ul></li> <li>18,291 ordinary (permanent) deacons</li> <li>39,651 lay ecclesial ministers (2016)<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> <ul><li>23,149 diocesan</li> <li>16,502 religious/consecrated</li></ul></li></ul> There are also approximately 30,000 seminarians/students in formation for ministry: <ul><li>3,526 candidates for priesthood</li> <li>2,088 candidates for diaconate</li> <li>16,585 candidates for lay ecclesial ministry</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lay_employees">Lay employees</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Church_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Lay employees">edit</a>]</div> The 630 Catholic hospitals in the U.S. have a combined budget of $101.7 billion, and employ 641,030 full-time equivalent staff.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> The 6,525 Catholic primary and secondary schools in the U.S. employ 151,101 full-time equivalent staff, 97.2% of whom are lay and 2.3% are consecrated, and 0.5% are ordained.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> The 261 Catholic institutions of higher (tertiary) education in the U.S. employ approximately 250,000 full-time equivalent staff, including faculty, administrators, and support staff.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> Overall, the Catholic Church employs more than one million employees with an operating budget of nearly $100 billion to run parishes, diocesan primary and secondary schools, nursing homes, retreat centers, hospitals, and other charitable institutions.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Institutions">Institutions</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Church_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Institutions">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parochial_schools">Parochial schools</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Church_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Parochial schools">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Catholic_schools_in_the_United_States" title="Catholic schools in the United States">Catholic schools in the United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_Catholic_education_in_the_United_States" title="History of Catholic education in the United States">History of Catholic education in the United States</a></div> By the middle of the 19th century, the Catholics in larger cities started building their own parochial school system. The main impetus was fear that exposure to Protestant teachers in the public schools, and Protestant fellow students, would lead to a loss of faith. Protestants reacted by <a href="/wiki/Blaine_Amendments" class="mw-redirect" title="Blaine Amendments">strong opposition to any public funding</a> of parochial schools.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> The Catholics nevertheless built their elementary schools, parish by parish, using very low-paid sisters as teachers.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> In the classrooms, the highest priorities were piety, orthodoxy, and strict discipline. Knowledge of the subject matter was a minor concern, and in the late 19th century few of the teachers in parochial (or secular) schools had gone beyond the 8th grade themselves. The sisters came from numerous denominations, and there was no effort to provide joint teachers training programs. The bishops were indifferent. Finally around 1911, led by the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_University_of_America" title="Catholic University of America">Catholic University of America</a> in Washington, Catholic colleges began summer institutes to train the sisters in pedagogical techniques. Long past World War II, the Catholic schools were noted for inferior plants compared to the public schools, and less well-trained teachers. The teachers were selected for religiosity, not teaching skills; the outcome was pious children and a reduced risk of marriage to Protestants.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> However, by the later half the 20th century Catholic schools began to perform significantly better than their public counterparts.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Universities_and_colleges">Universities and colleges</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Church_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Universities and colleges">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_universities_and_colleges_in_the_United_States" title="List of Catholic universities and colleges in the United States">List of Catholic universities and colleges in the United States</a></div> According to the Association of Catholic Colleges and Universities in 2011, there are approximately 230 Catholic universities and colleges in the United States with nearly 1 million students and some 65,000 professors.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> In 2016, the number of tertiary schools fell to 227, while the number of students also fell to 798,006.<a href="#cite_note-renodioc1-97">[97]</a> The national university of the church, founded by the nation's bishops in 1887, is The <a href="/wiki/Catholic_University_of_America" title="Catholic University of America">Catholic University of America</a> in Washington, D.C. The first Catholic college/university of higher learning established in the United States is <a href="/wiki/Georgetown_University" title="Georgetown University">Georgetown University</a>, founded in 1789.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> The richest U.S. Catholic university is the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Notre_Dame" title="University of Notre Dame">University of Notre Dame</a> (founded in 1842) with an endowment of over 20 billion in 2022.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> In the 2025 edition of U.S. News & World Report rankings, 9 of the top 100 national universities and 6 of the top national liberal arts colleges in the US were Catholic. <a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seminaries">Seminaries</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Church_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Seminaries">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_seminaries#United_States" title="List of Catholic seminaries">List of Catholic seminaries § United States</a></div> According to the 2016 Official Catholic Directory, as of 2016<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Church_in_the_United_States&action=edit">[update]</a> there were 243 <a href="/wiki/Seminary" title="Seminary">seminaries</a> with 4,785 students in the United States; 3,629 diocesan seminarians and 1,456 religious seminarians. By the official 2017 statistics, there are 5,050 seminarians (3,694 diocesan and 1,356 religious) in the United States. In addition, the American Catholic bishops oversee the <a href="/wiki/Pontifical_North_American_College" title="Pontifical North American College">Pontifical North American College</a> for American seminarians and priests studying at one of the <a href="/wiki/Pontifical_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontifical University">Pontifical Universities</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Healthcare_system">Healthcare system</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Church_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Healthcare system">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Health_Association_of_the_United_States" title="Catholic Health Association of the United States">Catholic Health Association of the United States</a></div> In 2002, Catholic health care system, overseeing 625 hospitals with a combined revenue of 30 billion dollars, was the nation's largest group of nonprofit systems.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> In 2008, the cost of running these hospitals had risen to $84.6 billion, including the $5.7 billion they donate.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Health_Association_of_the_United_States" title="Catholic Health Association of the United States">Catholic Health Association of the United States</a>, 60 health care systems, on average, admit one in six patients nationwide each year.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> According to Merger Watch (2018), Catholic facilities make up about 10% of all "sole community providers" in the US (49 out of 514). In some states, the percentage is much greater: in Wisconsin and South Dakota, for example, "Catholic hospitals account for at least 50% of sole community providers."<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Catholic_Charities">Catholic Charities</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Church_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Catholic Charities">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Charities_USA" title="Catholic Charities USA">Catholic Charities USA</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Charities" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Charities">Catholic Charities</a> is active as the largest voluntary social service networks in the United States. In 2009, it welcomed in <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a> the 50,000th refugee to come to the United States from <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Burma</a>. Likewise, the US Bishops' Migration and Refugee Services has resettled 14,846 refugees from Burma since 2006.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> In 2010 Catholic Charities USA was one of only four charities among the top 400 charitable organizations to witness an increase in donations in 2009, according to a survey conducted by The Chronicle of Philanthropy.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Church_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Demographics">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Plurality_Religious_Denomination_by_U.S._State.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Plurality_Religious_Denomination_by_U.S._State.svg/220px-Plurality_Religious_Denomination_by_U.S._State.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Plurality_Religious_Denomination_by_U.S._State.svg/330px-Plurality_Religious_Denomination_by_U.S._State.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Plurality_Religious_Denomination_by_U.S._State.svg/440px-Plurality_Religious_Denomination_by_U.S._State.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="959" data-file-height="593" /></a><figcaption>A map showing plurality religious denominations by state as of 2014, according to the <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a>. <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholics</a> made up a plurality of the population in four of the nation's 50 states: <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a>. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 10em;"> Protestant <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  70 – 79%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  60 – 69%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  50 – 59%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  40 – 49%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  30 – 39%</div> Catholic <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  40 – 49%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  30 – 39%</div> Mormon <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  50 – 59%</div> Unaffiliated <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  30 – 39%</div> </div></figcaption></figure> The number of Catholics grew rapidly in the 19th and 20th centuries through high fertility and immigration, especially from <a href="/wiki/Irish_Americans" title="Irish Americans">Ireland</a> and <a href="/wiki/German_Americans" title="German Americans">Germany</a>,<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> and after 1880, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italian_Americans" title="Italian Americans">Italy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/French-Canadian_Americans" title="French-Canadian Americans">Quebec</a>. Large scale Catholic immigration from <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> began after 1910, and in 2019 Latinos comprised 37 percent of American Catholics. Since 1960, the percentage of Americans who are Catholic has fallen from about 25% to 22%.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> In a 2021 Pew Research study, "21% of US adults described themselves as Catholic, identical to the Catholic share of the population in 2014."<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> In absolute numbers, Catholics have increased from 45 million to 72 million. As of April 9, 2018<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Church_in_the_United_States&action=edit">[update]</a>, 39% of American Catholics attend church weekly, compared to 45% of American Protestants.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> About 10% of the United States' population as of 2010<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Church_in_the_United_States&action=edit">[update]</a> are former Catholics or non-practicing, almost 30 million people.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> People have left for a number of reasons, factors which have also affected other denominations: loss of belief, disenchantment, indifference, or disaffiliation for another religious group or for none. Though Catholic adherents are present throughout the country, Catholics are generally more concentrated in the <a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States" title="Northeastern United States">Northeast</a> and urban Midwest. Currently, however, they are also clustered in the southwest. This is because of the continuing growth of the American Hispanic community as a share of the U.S. population is gradually shifting the geographic center of U.S. Catholicism from the Northeast and urban Midwest to the South and the West.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> Regional distribution of U.S. Catholics (as a percentage of the total U.S. Catholic population) is as follows: Northeast, 24%; Midwest, 19%; South, 32% (a percentage that has increased in recent years due to a growing number of Catholics mainly in Texas, Louisiana, and Florida, with the rest of the Southern states remaining overwhelmingly Protestant); and West, 25%.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> While the wealthiest and most educated Americans tend to belong to some <a href="/wiki/Protestant_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant American">Protestant American</a> groupings as well as to Jewish and Hindu constituencies as a whole, more Catholics (13.3 million ),<a href="#cite_note-Pew2016-114">[114]</a> owing to their sheer numbers, reside in households with a yearly income of $100,000-or-more than any other individual religious group,<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> and more Catholics hold <a href="/wiki/College_degree" class="mw-redirect" title="College degree">college degrees</a> (over 19 million) than do members of any other faith community in the United States when divided according to their respective denominations or religious designations.<a href="#cite_note-Pew2016-114">[114]</a> There were 70,412,000 registered Catholics in the United States (22% of the US population) in 2017, according to the American bishops' count in their Official Catholic Directory 2016.<a href="#cite_note-renodioc1-97">[97]</a> This count primarily rests on the parish assessment tax which priests evaluate yearly according to the number of registered members and contributors. In July 2021, the Public Religion Research Institute issued its own report based on a new census of 500,000 people. It also noted that 22% of 330 million Americans identified as Catholic: 12%, white; 8%, Latino; and 2%, other (Black, Asian, etc.).<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> Estimates of the overall American Catholic population from recent years generally range around 20% to 28%. According to Albert J. Menedez, research director of "Americans for Religious Liberty," many Americans continue to call themselves Catholic but "do not register at local parishes for a variety of reasons."<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> According to a survey of 35,556 American residents (released in 2008 by the Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life), 23.9% of Americans identify themselves as Catholic (approximately 72 million of a national population of 306 million residents).<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> The study notes that 10% of those people who identify themselves as Protestant in the interview are former Catholics and 8% of those who identity themselves as Catholic are former Protestants.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> In recent years, more parishes have opened than closed[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]. The northeastern quadrant of the US (i.e., New England, Mid-Atlantic, East North Central, and West North Central) has seen a decline in the number of parishes since 1970, but parish numbers are up in the other five regions (i.e., South Atlantic, East South Central, West South Central, Pacific, and Mountain regions) and are growing steadily.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> Catholics in the US are about 6% of the church's total worldwide 1.3 billion membership. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Black_Catholicism" title="Black Catholicism">Black Catholicism</a></div> A poll by <a href="/wiki/The_Barna_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="The Barna Group">The Barna Group</a> in 2004 found Catholic ethnicity to be 60% non-Hispanic white (includes Americans with historically Catholic ethnicities such as <a href="/wiki/Irish_Americans" title="Irish Americans">Irish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italian_Americans" title="Italian Americans">Italian</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_Americans" title="German Americans">German</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polish_Americans" title="Polish Americans">Polish</a>, or <a href="/wiki/French_Americans" title="French Americans">French</a>), 31% <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic</a> of any nationality (mostly <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Americans" title="Mexican Americans">Mexicans</a> but also many <a href="/wiki/Cuban_Americans" title="Cuban Americans">Cubans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Ricans" title="Puerto Ricans">Puerto Ricans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Americans" title="Dominican Americans">Dominicans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_Americans" title="Salvadoran Americans">Salvadorans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colombian_Americans" title="Colombian Americans">Colombians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guatemalan_Americans" title="Guatemalan Americans">Guatemalans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Honduran_Americans" title="Honduran Americans">Hondurans</a> among others), 4% <a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">Black</a> (including <a href="/wiki/African_immigration_to_the_United_States" title="African immigration to the United States">Africans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haitian_Americans" title="Haitian Americans">Haitians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Black_Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Black Hispanic and Latino Americans">black Latino</a> and <a href="/wiki/West_Indian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="West Indian American">Caribbean</a>), and 5% other ethnicity (mostly <a href="/wiki/Filipino_Americans" title="Filipino Americans">Filipinos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Americans" title="Vietnamese Americans">Vietnamese</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asian Americans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Multiracial_Americans" title="Multiracial Americans">Americans who are multiracial and have mixed ethnicities</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">American Indians</a>).<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> Among the non-Hispanic whites, about 16 million Catholics identify as being of <a href="/wiki/Irish_Americans" title="Irish Americans">Irish descent</a>, about 13 million <a href="/wiki/German_Americans" title="German Americans">as German</a>, about 12 million <a href="/wiki/Italian_Americans" title="Italian Americans">as Italian</a>, about 7 million <a href="/wiki/Polish_Americans" title="Polish Americans">as Polish</a>, and about 5 million <a href="/wiki/French_Americans" title="French Americans">as French</a> (note that many identify with more than one ethnicity). The roughly 7.8 million Catholics who are converts (mainly from Protestantism, with a smaller number from irreligion or other religions) are also mostly non-Hispanic white, including many people of <a href="/wiki/British_Americans" title="British Americans">British</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Americans" title="Dutch Americans">Dutch</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Scandinavian American">Scandinavian</a> ancestry.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> Between 1990 and 2008, there were 11 million additional Catholics. The growth in the Latino population accounted for 9 million of these. They accounted for 32% of all American Catholics in 2008 as opposed to 20% in 1990.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> The percentage of Hispanics who identified as Catholic dropped from 67% in 2010 to 55% in 2013.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> According to a more recent Pew Forum report which examined American religiosity in 2014 and compared it to 2007,<a href="#cite_note-pew-63">[63]</a> there were 50.9 million adult Catholics as of 2014<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Church_in_the_United_States&action=edit">[update]</a> (excluding children under 18), forming about 20.8% of the U.S. population, down from 54.3 million and 23.9% in 2007. Pew also found that the Catholic population is aging, forming a higher percentage of the elderly population than the young, and retention rates are also worse among the young. About 41% of those "young" raised Catholic have left the faith (as opposed to 32% overall), about half of these to the unaffiliated population and the rest to evangelical, other Protestant faith communities, and non-Christian faith. Conversions to Catholicism are rare, with 89% of current Catholics being raised in the religion; 8% of current Catholics are ex-Protestants,<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> 2% were raised unaffiliated, and 1% in other religions (Orthodox Christian, Mormon or other nontrinitarian, Buddhist, Muslim, etc.), with Jews and Hindus least likely to become Catholic of all the religious groups surveyed. Overall, Catholicism has by far the worst net conversion balance of any major religious group, with a high conversion rate out of the faith and a low rate into it; by contrast, most other religions have in- and out-conversion rates that roughly balance, whether high or low. This is credited to the more liberal stance of the church since <a href="/wiki/Vatican_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Vatican II">Vatican II</a>, where conversion to Catholicism is no longer encouraged, and the de-emphasizing of basic Catholic religious beliefs in Catholic education. Still, according to the 2015 Pew Research Center, "the Catholic share of the population has been relatively stable over the long term, according to a variety of other surveys.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> By race, 59% of Catholics are non-Hispanic white, 34% Hispanic, 3% black, 3% Asian, and 2% mixed or Native American. Conversely, 19% of non-Hispanic whites were Catholic in 2014 (down from 22% in 2007), whereas 55% of Hispanics were (versus 58% in 2007). In 2015, Hispanics were 38%, while blacks and Asians were at 3% each.<a href="#cite_note-manilatimes_afp-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> Because conversion away from Catholicism as well as dropping out of religion completely is presently occurring much more quickly among Hispanics than among Euro-American whites, Black (2.9% of US Catholic population)<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> and Asian-American Catholics, it is doubtful they will outnumber the latter three categories of Catholics in the foreseeable future. Pew Research Center predicts that by 2050 (when the Hispanic population will be 128 million),<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> only 40% of "third generation Latinos" will be Catholic, with 22% becoming Protestant, 24% becoming unaffiliated, and the remainder, other.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> This corresponds to a sharp decline in the Catholic percentage among self-identified Democrats, who are more likely to be nonwhite than Republicans.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> In one study, three authors found that around 10% of US Catholics are "Secularists," "meaning that their religious identification is purely nominal."<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="By_state_(2017)">By state (2017)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Church_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: By state (2017)">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Comber_Hall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Comber_Hall.jpg/220px-Comber_Hall.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Comber_Hall.jpg/330px-Comber_Hall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Comber_Hall.jpg/440px-Comber_Hall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Little_Flower_(Coral_Gables,_Florida)" title="Church of the Little Flower (Coral Gables, Florida)">Church of the Little Flower</a> in <a href="/wiki/Coral_Gables,_Florida" title="Coral Gables, Florida">Coral Gables, Florida</a></figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>State</th> <th>% Catholic<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a></th> <th>Largest Christian denomination </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></td> <td align="center">34</td> <td rowspan="11" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></td> <td align="center">42 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a></td> <td align="center">34 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a></td> <td align="center">28 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a></td> <td align="center">31 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></td> <td align="center">26 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a></td> <td align="center">33 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></td> <td align="center">23 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a></td> <td align="center">21 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a></td> <td align="center">28 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a></td> <td align="center">26 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota">North Dakota</a></td> <td align="center">26</td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_America" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in America">Evangelical Lutheran Church in America</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></td> <td align="center">25</td> <td align="center" rowspan="8"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></td> <td align="center">24 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska">Nebraska</a></td> <td align="center">23 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a></td> <td align="center">21 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a></td> <td align="center">34 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a></td> <td align="center">22 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a></td> <td align="center">21 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a></td> <td align="center">22 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">South Dakota</a></td> <td align="center">22</td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_America" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in America">Evangelical Lutheran Church in America</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a></td> <td align="center">16</td> <td rowspan="13" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a></td> <td align="center">20 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">Montana</a></td> <td align="center">17 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a></td> <td align="center">25 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a></td> <td align="center">18 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a></td> <td align="center">18 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a></td> <td align="center">15 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a></td> <td align="center">18 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a></td> <td align="center">17 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a></td> <td align="center">18 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a></td> <td align="center">18 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a></td> <td align="center">16 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Wyoming</a></td> <td align="center">14 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Idaho" title="Idaho">Idaho</a></td> <td align="center">10</td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a></td> <td align="center">12</td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a></td> <td align="center">10</td> <td rowspan="4" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Baptist_Convention" title="Southern Baptist Convention">Southern Baptist Convention</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a></td> <td align="center">12 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></td> <td align="center">9 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></td> <td align="center">8 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a></td> <td align="center">22</td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/United_Methodist_Church" title="United Methodist Church">United Methodist Church</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a></td> <td align="center">9</td> <td rowspan="5" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Baptist_Convention" title="Southern Baptist Convention">Southern Baptist Convention</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a></td> <td align="center">16 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a></td> <td align="center">8 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a></td> <td align="center">10 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a></td> <td align="center">6 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">Utah</a></td> <td align="center">5</td> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">West Virginia</a></td> <td align="center">6</td> <td rowspan="3" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Baptist_Convention" title="Southern Baptist Convention">Southern Baptist Convention</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a></td> <td align="center">4 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a></td> <td align="center">7 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural,_social,_and_political_views">Cultural, social, and political views</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Church_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Cultural, social, and political views">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_politics_in_the_United_States" title="Catholic Church and politics in the United States">Catholic Church and politics in the United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/Catholic_social_activism_in_the_United_States" title="Catholic social activism in the United States">Catholic social activism in the United States</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politics">Politics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Church_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Politics">edit</a>]</div> Catholicism has had a significant political impact on the United States, and the religion has historically been associated with <a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">left-wing politics</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a>. Since the 1970s, Catholics are often being regarded as <a href="/wiki/Swing_vote" title="Swing vote">swing voters</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Kinder2012-6">[6]</a> The 1840s saw Catholics began to identify with the Democrats against the <a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Conservatism in the United States">conservative</a> and <a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">evangelical</a>-influenced <a href="/wiki/Whig_Party_(United_States)" title="Whig Party (United States)">Whigs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:4-135">[135]</a> In the 1890s, Catholics favored the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a> over the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republicans</a>.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> This continued into the 20th century, where Catholics formed a core part of the <a href="/wiki/New_Deal_Coalition" class="mw-redirect" title="New Deal Coalition">New Deal Coalition</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Smith" title="Al Smith">Al Smith</a> <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_New_York" title="Governor of New York">governor of New York</a> was the first Catholic nominated for president by a major party as the Democratic nominee in the <a href="/wiki/1928_United_States_presidential_election" title="1928 United States presidential election">1928 election</a>. Two Catholics have been <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a>: Democratic presidents <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> (1961–1963) and <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> (2021–present), both predominantly of Irish heritage.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In 2016, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Pope Francis</a> said of Donald Trump: "A person who thinks only about building walls, wherever they may be, and not building bridges, is not Christian."<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a>, Catholics are the most likely of any major Christian group in the United States to support the morality of <a href="/wiki/Casual_sex" title="Casual sex">casual sex</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Diamant2020-138">[138]</a> Surveys have repeatedly indicated that <a href="/wiki/Catholic_laity" title="Catholic laity">laity</a> are more <a href="/wiki/Cultural_liberalism" title="Cultural liberalism">culturally liberal</a> than the median voter,<a href="#cite_note-Goldstein2013-139">[139]</a> including on <a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_the_United_States" title="Abortion in the United States">abortion rights</a><a href="#cite_note-Crary2023-140">[140]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_United_States" title="Same-sex marriage in the United States">same-sex marriage</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Crary2023-140">[140]</a> However, the Catholic Church officially opposes both.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> Church leadership tends to lean more <a href="/wiki/Orthodoxy" title="Orthodoxy">orthodox</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Crary2023-140">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-:5-142">[142]</a> There are also some <a href="/wiki/Fundamentalism" title="Fundamentalism">fundamentalist</a>-like activist conservative groups.<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism_by_Pope_Francis">Criticism by Pope Francis</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Church_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Criticism by Pope Francis">edit</a>]</div> In 2023, Pope Francis criticized the Catholic Church in the United States as reactionary, saying that ideology had replaced faith in some parts of it.<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> In November of 2023, the Pope removed a conservative Texas bishop, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Strickland" title="Joseph Strickland">Joseph E. Strickland</a> of Tyler, Texas.<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Some_notable_American_Catholics">Some notable American Catholics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Church_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Some notable American Catholics">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For living US bishops, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_bishops_in_the_United_States" title="List of Catholic bishops in the United States">List of Catholic bishops in the United States</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Category:American_Roman_Catholics" title="Category:American Roman Catholics">Category:American Roman Catholics</a></div> Entertainment <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Colbert" title="Stephen Colbert">Stephen Colbert</a> – Television host<a href="#cite_note-TimeOut-148">[148]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Fallon" title="Jimmy Fallon">Jimmy Fallon</a> – Television host<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Gaga" title="Lady Gaga">Lady Gaga</a> – Singer<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mel_Gibson" title="Mel Gibson">Mel Gibson</a> – Actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna">Madonna</a> – Singer, songwriter, dancer, actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Kelly" title="Grace Kelly">Grace Kelly</a> – Actress & <a href="/wiki/List_of_Mon%C3%A9gasque_consorts" title="List of Monégasque consorts">Princess of Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Kimmel" title="Jimmy Kimmel">Jimmy Kimmel</a> – Television host<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conan_O%27Brien" title="Conan O'Brien">Conan O'Brien</a> – Television host<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a> – Singer, actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Schwarzenegger" title="Arnold Schwarzenegger">Arnold Schwarzenegger</a> – Actor<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Sheen" title="Martin Sheen">Martin Sheen</a> – Actor, activist<a href="#cite_note-lat-159">[159]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Wahlberg" title="Mark Wahlberg">Mark Wahlberg</a> – Actor<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne">John Wayne</a> – Actor<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a></li></ul> </div> Politics <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Alito" title="Samuel Alito">Samuel Alito</a> - <a href="/wiki/Associate_Justice_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States">Associate Justice of the Supreme Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amy_Coney_Barrett" title="Amy Coney Barrett">Amy Coney Barrett</a> – <a href="/wiki/Associate_Justice_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States">Associate Justice of the Supreme Court</a><a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> – 46th <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Carroll_of_Carrollton" title="Charles Carroll of Carrollton">Charles Carroll of Carrollton</a> – <a href="/wiki/Founding_Fathers_of_the_United_States" title="Founding Fathers of the United States">Founding Father of the U.S.</a><a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Carroll" title="Daniel Carroll">Daniel Carroll</a> – <a href="/wiki/Founding_Fathers_of_the_United_States" title="Founding Fathers of the United States">Founding Father of the U.S.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Haig" title="Alexander Haig">Alexander Haig</a> – 59th <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brett_Kavanaugh" title="Brett Kavanaugh">Brett Kavanaugh</a> – <a href="/wiki/Associate_Justice_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States">Associate Justice of the Supreme Court</a><a href="#cite_note-USA_Today-166">[166]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis" title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis">Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis</a> – <a href="/wiki/First_Lady_of_the_United_States" title="First Lady of the United States">First Lady of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> – 35th <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a><a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">Ted Kennedy</a> – U.S. Senator, brother of President Kennedy and Robert "Bobby" Kennedy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy" title="Robert F. Kennedy">Robert F. Kennedy</a> – U.S. Attorney General, presidential candidate – 1968</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Muskie" title="Edmund Muskie">Edmund Muskie</a> – 58th <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Roberts" title="John Roberts">John Roberts</a> – 17th <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_United_States" title="Chief Justice of the United States">Chief Justice of the United States</a><a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonia_Sotomayor" title="Sonia Sotomayor">Sonia Sotomayor</a> - <a href="/wiki/Associate_Justice_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States">Associate Justice of the Supreme Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Thomas" title="Clarence Thomas">Clarence Thomas</a> – <a href="/wiki/Associate_Justice_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States">Associate Justice of the Supreme Court</a><a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_B._Taney" title="Roger B. Taney">Roger B. Taney</a> – 5th <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_United_States" title="Chief Justice of the United States">Chief Justice of the United States</a><a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melania_Trump" title="Melania Trump">Melania Trump</a> – <a href="/wiki/First_Lady_of_the_United_States" title="First Lady of the United States">First Lady of the United States</a><a href="#cite_note-Sieczkowski-171">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-catholicherald.co.uk-172">[172]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Douglass_White" title="Edward Douglass White">Edward Douglass White</a> – 9th <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_United_States" title="Chief Justice of the United States">Chief Justice of the United States</a></li></ul> </div> Other <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kobe_Bryant" title="Kobe Bryant">Kobe Bryant</a> – Professional basketball player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Carroll_(archbishop_of_Baltimore)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Carroll (archbishop of Baltimore)">John Carroll</a> – Archbishop of Baltimore</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toni_Morrison" title="Toni Morrison">Toni Morrison</a> – Novelist<a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Servants_of_God_and_those_declared_venerable,_beatified,_and_canonized_saints">Servants of God and those declared venerable, beatified, and canonized saints</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Church_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Servants of God and those declared venerable, beatified, and canonized saints">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Catholic_Church_in_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Catholic Church in the United States">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2020) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a full list of Servants of God and other open causes, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_American_saints_and_beatified_people" class="mw-redirect" title="List of American saints and beatified people">List of American saints and beatified people</a>.</div> The following are some notable Americans declared as <a href="/wiki/Servants_of_God" class="mw-redirect" title="Servants of God">Servants of God</a>, <a href="/wiki/Venerable" class="mw-redirect" title="Venerable">venerables</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beatified" class="mw-redirect" title="Beatified">beatified</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Canonized" class="mw-redirect" title="Canonized">canonized</a> saints: Servants of God <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thea_Bowman" title="Thea Bowman">Thea Bowman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Duppong" title="Michelle Duppong">Michelle Duppong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Brut%C3%A9" title="Simon Bruté">Simon Bruté</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Robert_Capodanno" class="mw-redirect" title="Vincent Robert Capodanno">Vincent Robert Capodanno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Ciszek" title="Walter Ciszek">Walter Ciszek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terence_Cooke" title="Terence Cooke">Terence Cooke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Day" title="Dorothy Day">Dorothy Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Elk" title="Black Elk">Black Elk</a><a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demetrius_Gallitzin" class="mw-redirect" title="Demetrius Gallitzin">Demetrius Gallitzin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Greeley" title="Julia Greeley">Julia Greeley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hardon" title="John Hardon">John Hardon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Hecker" title="Isaac Hecker">Isaac Hecker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Kapaun" title="Emil Kapaun">Emil Kapaun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eusebio_Francisco_Kino" class="mw-redirect" title="Eusebio Francisco Kino">Eusebio Francisco Kino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Elizabeth_Lange" title="Mary Elizabeth Lange">Mary Elizabeth Lange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Hawthorne_Lathrop" title="Rose Hawthorne Lathrop">Rose Hawthorne Lathrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Muzquiz" title="Joseph Muzquiz">Joseph Muzquiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Parater" class="mw-redirect" title="Frank Parater">Frank Parater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Varela" title="Félix Varela">Félix Varela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_the_Atonement" title="Society of the Atonement">Paul Wattson</a><a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annella_Zervas" title="Annella Zervas">Annella Zervas</a></li></ul> </div> Venerables <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Baker" title="Nelson Baker">Nelson Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederic_Baraga" title="Frederic Baraga">Frederic Baraga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelia_Connelly" title="Cornelia Connelly">Cornelia Connelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henriette_DeLille" title="Henriette DeLille">Henriette DeLille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Charles_Mazzuchelli" class="mw-redirect" title="Samuel Charles Mazzuchelli">Samuel Charles Mazzuchelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Peyton" title="Patrick Peyton">Patrick Peyton</a><a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aloysius_Schwartz" title="Aloysius Schwartz">Aloysius Schwartz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulton_J._Sheen" title="Fulton J. Sheen">Fulton J. Sheen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_Tolton" title="Augustus Tolton">Augustus Tolton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Toussaint" title="Pierre Toussaint">Pierre Toussaint</a></li></ul> </div> Beatified <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Solanus_Casey" title="Solanus Casey">Solanus Casey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teresa_Demjanovich" title="Teresa Demjanovich">Teresa Demjanovich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_J._McGivney" title="Michael J. McGivney">Michael J. McGivney</a><a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Miller_(religious_brother)" title="James Miller (religious brother)">James Alfred Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Manuel_Rodriguez" class="mw-redirect" title="Carlos Manuel Rodriguez">Carlos Manuel Rodriguez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Rother" title="Stanley Rother">Stanley Rother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Xavier_Seelos" title="Francis Xavier Seelos">Francis Xavier Seelos</a></li></ul> </div> Saints <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Xavier_Cabrini" title="Frances Xavier Cabrini">Frances Xavier Cabrini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marianne_Cope" title="Marianne Cope">Marianne Cope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_de_Lalande" title="Jean de Lalande">Jean de Lalande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Father_Damien" title="Father Damien">Damien De Veuster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katharine_Drexel" title="Katharine Drexel">Katharine Drexel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Philippine_Duchesne" title="Rose Philippine Duchesne">Rose Philippine Duchesne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Goupil" title="René Goupil">René Goupil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Th%C3%A9odore_Gu%C3%A9rin" class="mw-redirect" title="Mother Théodore Guérin">Mother Théodore Guérin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Jogues" title="Isaac Jogues">Isaac Jogues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Neumann" title="John Neumann">John Neumann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fray_Jun%C3%ADpero_Serra" class="mw-redirect" title="Fray Junípero Serra">Junípero Serra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Ann_Seton" title="Elizabeth Ann Seton">Elizabeth Ann Seton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kateri_Tekakwitha" title="Kateri Tekakwitha">Kateri Tekakwitha</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Top_pilgrimage_destinations_in_the_United_States">Top pilgrimage destinations in the United States</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Church_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Top pilgrimage destinations in the United States">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Shrine_of_The_Divine_Mercy_(Stockbridge,_Massachusetts)" title="National Shrine of The Divine Mercy (Stockbridge, Massachusetts)">National Shrine of The Divine Mercy (Stockbridge, Massachusetts)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Shrine_of_Our_Lady_of_Czestochowa" title="National Shrine of Our Lady of Czestochowa">National Shrine of Our Lady of Czestochowa</a> (Doylestown, Pennsylvania)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Shrine_Grotto_of_Our_Lady_of_Lourdes" class="mw-redirect" title="National Shrine Grotto of Our Lady of Lourdes">National Shrine Grotto of Our Lady of Lourdes</a> (Emmitsburg, Maryland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrine_of_Our_Lady_of_Guadalupe" title="Shrine of Our Lady of Guadalupe">Shrine of Our Lady of Guadalupe</a> (La Crosse, Wisconsin)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Shrine_of_St._Francis_of_Assisi" class="mw-redirect" title="National Shrine of St. Francis of Assisi">National Shrine of St. Francis of Assisi</a> (San Francisco, California)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Anthony%27s_Chapel_(Pittsburgh)" title="Saint Anthony's Chapel (Pittsburgh)">Saint Anthony's Chapel (Pittsburgh)</a>, Pennsylvania</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Blue_Army_Shrine_of_the_Immaculate_Heart_of_Mary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Blue Army Shrine of the Immaculate Heart of Mary (page does not exist)">National Blue Army Shrine of the Immaculate Heart of Mary</a> (<a href="/wiki/Washington_Township,_Warren_County,_New_Jersey" title="Washington Township, Warren County, New Jersey">Washington Township, Warren County, New Jersey</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Shrine_of_the_North_American_Martyrs" title="National Shrine of the North American Martyrs">National Shrine of the North American Martyrs</a> (Auriesville, New York)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_the_National_Shrine_of_the_Assumption_of_the_Blessed_Virgin_Mary" title="Basilica of the National Shrine of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary">Basilica of the National Shrine of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary</a> (Baltimore, Maryland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Santuario_de_Chimayo" title="El Santuario de Chimayo">El Santuario de Chimayo</a> (Chimayo, New Mexico; north of Santa Fe)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_the_National_Shrine_of_St._Elizabeth_Ann_Seton" class="mw-redirect" title="Basilica of the National Shrine of St. Elizabeth Ann Seton">Basilica of the National Shrine of St. Elizabeth Ann Seton</a> (Emmitsburg, Maryland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrine_of_the_Most_Blessed_Sacrament" title="Shrine of the Most Blessed Sacrament">Shrine of the Most Blessed Sacrament</a> of Our Lady of the Angels (Hanceville, Alabama)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Victory_Basilica_(Lackawanna,_New_York)" title="Our Lady of Victory Basilica (Lackawanna, New York)">Basilica of Our Lady of Victory</a> (Lackawanna, New York)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Shrine_of_Saint_John_Neumann" title="National Shrine of Saint John Neumann">National Shrine of Saint John Neumann</a> (in St. Peter the Apostle Church, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_the_National_Shrine_of_the_Immaculate_Conception" title="Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception">Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception</a> (Washington, D.C.)<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Shrine_of_Our_Lady_of_Good_Help" class="mw-redirect" title="National Shrine of Our Lady of Good Help">National Shrine of Our Lady of Good Help</a> (Champion, Wisconsin)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blessed_Stanley_Rother_Shrine" title="Blessed Stanley Rother Shrine">Blessed Stanley Rother Shrine</a> (Oklahoma City, Oklahoma)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Church_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/48px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/64px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/32px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/48px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/64px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="28" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Saints" title="Portal:Saints">Saints portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_politics_in_the_United_States" title="Catholic Church and politics in the United States">Catholic Church and politics in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_by_country" title="Catholic Church by country">Catholic Church by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Home_Missions" title="Catholic Home Missions">Catholic Home Missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_United_States" title="Christianity in the United States">Christianity in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Catholic_Church_in_the_United_States" title="History of the Catholic Church in the United States">History of the Catholic Church in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Holy See–United States relations">Holy See–United States relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_Catholic_priests" title="List of American Catholic priests">List of American Catholic priests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_authors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Catholic authors">List of Catholic authors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_clergy_scientists" title="List of Catholic clergy scientists">List of Catholic clergy scientists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_dioceses_in_the_United_States" title="List of Catholic dioceses in the United States">List of Catholic dioceses in the United States</a> (includes lists of <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Catholic">Eastern Catholic</a> <a href="/wiki/Eparchies" class="mw-redirect" title="Eparchies">eparchies</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_musicians" title="List of Catholic musicians">List of Catholic musicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_scientists" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Catholic scientists">List of Catholic scientists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_converts_to_the_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="List of converts to the Catholic Church">List of converts to the Catholic Church</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Church_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-cara.georgetown.edu-1"><a href="#cite_ref-cara.georgetown.edu_1-0">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cara.georgetown.edu/frequently-requested-church-statistics/">"CENTER FOR APPLIED RESEARCH IN THE APOSTOLATE (CARA), Georgetown University > Frequently Requested Church Statistics > Parishes"</a>. cara.georgetown.edu/frequently-requested-church-statistics/. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190508211911/https://cara.georgetown.edu/frequently-requested-church-statistics/">Archived</a> from the original on May 8, 2019. 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Beatrix Betancourt Hardy. July 7, 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://epicpew.com/american-cities-named-saints/">the original</a> on February 11, 2018. 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April 24, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201017144741/https://www.americamagazine.org/arts-culture/2017/04/24/colonial-beginnings-north-american-catholicism">Archived</a> from the original on October 17, 2020. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2019/12/11/ewtnrealclear_poll_us_catholics_open_to_reelecting_trump_141926.html">the original</a> on December 11, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Real+Clear+Politics&rft.atitle=EWTN%2FRealClear+Poll%3A+U.S.+Catholics+Open+to+Reelecting+Trump&rft.date=2019-12-11&rft.aulast=Bunson&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.realclearpolitics.com%2Farticles%2F2019%2F12%2F11%2Fewtnrealclear_poll_us_catholics_open_to_reelecting_trump_141926.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatholic+Church+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988">. The poll of 1,223 Catholics was taken in November 2019. </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onepeterfive.com/catholicism-chicago-cupich/">"Does Catholicism have a Future in Chicago? Traditionalism and Cardinal Cupich"</a>. One Peter 5. December 29, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220811002755/https://onepeterfive.com/catholicism-chicago-cupich/">Archived</a> from the original on August 11, 2022. 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July 27, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220811001839/https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/nun-shortage-is-reaching-crisis-with-fewer-sisters-in-the-us/ar-AA102eXL?ocid=mailsignout&pc=U591&cvid=0d08dd22a22a48198447fe49b4cb1c27">Archived</a> from the original on August 11, 2022. Retrieved August 11, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MSN.com&rft.atitle=Nun+shortage+is+reaching+crisis+with+fewer+sisters+in+the+US&rft.date=2022-07-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.msn.com%2Fen-us%2Fnews%2Fus%2Fnun-shortage-is-reaching-crisis-with-fewer-sisters-in-the-us%2Far-AA102eXL%3Focid%3Dmailsignout%26pc%3DU591%26cvid%3D0d08dd22a22a48198447fe49b4cb1c27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatholic+Church+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> Bunsen, 2019 </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130512110147/https://opendata.socrata.com/dataset/World-s-Largest-Cathedrals/sfaz-u3mt">"World's Largest Cathedrals – Socrata"</a>. opendata.socrata.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opendata.socrata.com/dataset/World-s-Largest-Cathedrals/sfaz-u3mt">the original</a> on May 12, 2013. Retrieved October 2, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=opendata.socrata.com&rft.atitle=World%27s+Largest+Cathedrals+%E2%80%93+Socrata&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopendata.socrata.com%2Fdataset%2FWorld-s-Largest-Cathedrals%2Fsfaz-u3mt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatholic+Church+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZarcone2017" class="citation web cs1">Zarcone, Patrick (July 26, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbs17.com/news/local-news/raleighs-holy-name-of-jesus-cathedral-to-hold-first-mass-wednesday_20180307104522242/1016925839">"Raleigh's Holy Name of Jesus Cathedral holds first mass"</a>. WNCN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190411130744/https://www.cbs17.com/news/local-news/raleighs-holy-name-of-jesus-cathedral-to-hold-first-mass-wednesday_20180307104522242/1016925839">Archived</a> from the original on April 11, 2019. Retrieved April 11, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WNCN&rft.atitle=Raleigh%27s+Holy+Name+of+Jesus+Cathedral+holds+first+mass&rft.date=2017-07-26&rft.aulast=Zarcone&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbs17.com%2Fnews%2Flocal-news%2Fraleighs-holy-name-of-jesus-cathedral-to-hold-first-mass-wednesday_20180307104522242%2F1016925839&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatholic+Church+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CARA-75">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CARA_75-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CARA_75-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cara.georgetown.edu/frequently-requested-church-statistics/">"Frequently Requested Church Statistics"</a>. cara.georgetown.edu. Center for Applied Research in the Apostolate. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191024175103/http://cara.georgetown.edu/frequently-requested-church-statistics/">Archived</a> from the original on October 24, 2019. Retrieved October 25, 2019. <q>Parishes [...] 17,007</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cara.georgetown.edu&rft.atitle=Frequently+Requested+Church+Statistics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcara.georgetown.edu%2Ffrequently-requested-church-statistics%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatholic+Church+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> Yearbook of American and Canadian Churches 2010(Nashville: Abington Press, 2010), 12. </li> <li id="cite_note-exarchate-77"><a href="#cite_ref-exarchate_77-0">^</a> On July 14, 2010, Pope Benedict XVI erected the <a href="/wiki/Syro-Malankara_Catholic_Exarchate_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Syro-Malankara Catholic Exarchate in the United States">Syro-Malankara Catholic Exarchate in the United States</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCheney" class="citation web cs1">Cheney, David M. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/country/pr.html">"Catholic Church in Puerto Rico"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090606034539/http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/country/pr.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 6, 2009. Retrieved July 27, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Catholic+Church+in+Puerto+Rico&rft.aulast=Cheney&rft.aufirst=David+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholic-hierarchy.org%2Fcountry%2Fpr.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatholic+Church+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> Richard McBrien, THE CHURCH/THE EVOLUTION OF CATHOLICISM (New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 2009), 450. Also see: BASIC VATICAN COUNCIL II: THE BASIC SIXTEEN DOCUMENTS (Costello Publishing, 1996). </li> <li id="cite_note-cnewastat-80"><a href="#cite_ref-cnewastat_80-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoberson" class="citation web cs1">Roberson, Ronald. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111212051218/http://www.cnewa.org/source-images/Roberson-eastcath-statistics/eastcatholic-stat09.pdf">"The Eastern Catholic Churches 2009"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Near_East_Welfare_Association" title="Catholic Near East Welfare Association">Catholic Near East Welfare Association</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnewa.org/source-images/Roberson-eastcath-statistics/eastcatholic-stat09.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on December 12, 2011. Retrieved February 6, 2011 – via Information sourced from Annuario Pontificio 2009 edition.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Eastern+Catholic+Churches+2009&rft.pub=Catholic+Near+East+Welfare+Association&rft.aulast=Roberson&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnewa.org%2Fsource-images%2FRoberson-eastcath-statistics%2Feastcatholic-stat09.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatholic+Church+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> Retrieved November 2009 </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> McBrien, 241,281, 365,450 </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarlan" class="citation news cs1">Harlan, Chico. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2021/09/17/latin-mass-pope-francis/">"These Americans are devoted to the old Latin Mass. They are also at odds with Pope Francis"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Washington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Post">Washington Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210920161450/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2021/09/17/latin-mass-pope-francis/">Archived</a> from the original on September 20, 2021. Retrieved November 2, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=These+Americans+are+devoted+to+the+old+Latin+Mass.+They+are+also+at+odds+with+Pope+Francis&rft.aulast=Harlan&rft.aufirst=Chico&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2F2021%2F09%2F17%2Flatin-mass-pope-francis%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatholic+Church+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWooden2021" class="citation web cs1">Wooden, Cindy (July 20, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncronline.org/news/parish/traditional-latin-mass-movement-sows-division-archbishop-says">"Traditional Latin Mass 'movement' sows division, archbishop says"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Catholic_Reporter" title="National Catholic Reporter">National Catholic Reporter</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211103003034/https://www.ncronline.org/news/parish/traditional-latin-mass-movement-sows-division-archbishop-says">Archived</a> from the original on November 3, 2021. Retrieved November 2, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Catholic+Reporter&rft.atitle=Traditional+Latin+Mass+%27movement%27+sows+division%2C+archbishop+says&rft.date=2021-07-20&rft.aulast=Wooden&rft.aufirst=Cindy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncronline.org%2Fnews%2Fparish%2Ftraditional-latin-mass-movement-sows-division-archbishop-says&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatholic+Church+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRocca2021" class="citation news cs1">Rocca, Francis (September 9, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-power-of-the-latin-mass-11631199405">"The Power of the Latin Mass: A new decree from Pope Francis discourages the use of an ancient liturgy that carries special meaning for some worshippers"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Wall_Street_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Wall Street Journal">Wall Street Journal</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211103005641/https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-power-of-the-latin-mass-11631199405">Archived</a> from the original on November 3, 2021. Retrieved November 2, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Power+of+the+Latin+Mass%3A+A+new+decree+from+Pope+Francis+discourages+the+use+of+an+ancient+liturgy+that+carries+special+meaning+for+some+worshippers&rft.date=2021-09-09&rft.aulast=Rocca&rft.aufirst=Francis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fthe-power-of-the-latin-mass-11631199405&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatholic+Church+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecompassnews.org/2014/11/pope-bishops-must-servants-vain-careerists-power-honor/">"Pope: Bishops must be servants, not vain careerists after power, honor | The Compass"</a>. The Compass. November 5, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180928045752/https://www.thecompassnews.org/2014/11/pope-bishops-must-servants-vain-careerists-power-honor/">Archived</a> from the original on September 28, 2018. Retrieved September 27, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Compass&rft.atitle=Pope%3A+Bishops+must+be+servants%2C+not+vain+careerists+after+power%2C+honor+%7C+The+Compass&rft.date=2014-11-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecompassnews.org%2F2014%2F11%2Fpope-bishops-must-servants-vain-careerists-power-honor%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatholic+Church+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usccb.org/about/bishops-and-dioceses">"Bishops and Dioceses"</a>. USCCB. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210111213051/https://www.usccb.org/about/bishops-and-dioceses">Archived</a> from the original on January 11, 2021. Retrieved January 2, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=USCCB&rft.atitle=Bishops+and+Dioceses&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usccb.org%2Fabout%2Fbishops-and-dioceses&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatholic+Church+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> This number is conservative, as it only counts those in parish ministry, but there are many in deanery, diocesan, or chaplaincy work </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chausa.org/docs/default-source/general-files/mini_profile-pdf.pdf?sfvrsn=0">"Untitled Page"</a> (PDF). www.chausa.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170308234659/https://www.chausa.org/docs/default-source/general-files/mini_profile-pdf.pdf?sfvrsn=0">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on March 8, 2017. 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Retrieved March 22, 2022. <q>Over 19 million Catholics – 26% of the US Catholic population – are college graduates</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+most+and+least+educated+U.S.+religious+group&rft.pub=Pew+Research+Center&rft.date=2016-10-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewresearch.org%2Ffact-tank%2F2016%2F11%2F04%2Fthe-most-and-least-educated-u-s-religious-groups%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatholic+Church+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMasci2016" class="citation web cs1">Masci, David (October 11, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2016/10/11/how-income-varies-among-u-s-religious-groups/">"How income varies among U.S. religious groups"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+income+varies+among+U.S.+religious+groups&rft.pub=Pew+Research+Center&rft.date=2016-10-11&rft.aulast=Masci&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewresearch.org%2Fshort-reads%2F2016%2F10%2F11%2Fhow-income-varies-among-u-s-religious-groups%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatholic+Church+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> (19% of 70 million is 13.3 million American Catholics) </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> Mark Pattison, "New census of 500,000 people reveals shifts in U.S. religious landscape," National Catholic Reporter, July 13, 2021. </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> Albert J. 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Chicago, Il; London: University of Chicago Press. pp. 66–141. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-226-50878-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-226-50878-1"><bdi>0-226-50878-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Roman+Catholic+Traditionalism+and+Activist+Conservatism+in+the+United+States&rft.btitle=Fundamentalisms+Observed&rft.place=Chicago%2C+Il%3B+London&rft.series=The+Fundamentalism+Project%2C+1&rft.pages=66-141&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-226-50878-1&rft.aulast=Dinges&rft.aufirst=William+D.&rft.au=Hitchcock%2C+James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dqd5yzP5hdiEC%26pg%3DPA66&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatholic+Church+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/en/pope-francis-calls-us-catholic-church-reactionary/a-66647198">"Pope Francis calls US Catholic Church 'reactionary' – DW – 08/28/2023"</a>. dw.com. Retrieved March 2, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dw.com&rft.atitle=Pope+Francis+calls+US+Catholic+Church+%27reactionary%27+%E2%80%93+DW+%E2%80%93+08%2F28%2F2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fpope-francis-calls-us-catholic-church-reactionary%2Fa-66647198&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatholic+Church+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usccb.org/news/2023/pope-says-there-strong-reactionary-element-us-catholic-church">"Pope says there is a 'strong reactionary' element in U.S. Catholic Church | USCCB"</a>. www.usccb.org. Retrieved March 2, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.usccb.org&rft.atitle=Pope+says+there+is+a+%27strong+reactionary%27+element+in+U.S.+Catholic+Church+%7C+USCCB&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usccb.org%2Fnews%2F2023%2Fpope-says-there-strong-reactionary-element-us-catholic-church&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatholic+Church+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/pope-francis-criticizes-us-conservatives-church/">"Pope Francis blasts "backwards" U.S. conservatives, "reactionary attitude" in U.S. church - CBS News"</a>. www.cbsnews.com. August 28, 2023. Retrieved March 2, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cbsnews.com&rft.atitle=Pope+Francis+blasts+%22backwards%22+U.S.+conservatives%2C+%22reactionary+attitude%22+in+U.S.+church+-+CBS+News&rft.date=2023-08-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fpope-francis-criticizes-us-conservatives-church%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatholic+Church+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wbaltv.com/article/pope-francis-removes-critic-bishop-texas/45812885">"Pope Francis removes a leading US conservative critic as bishop of Tyler, Texas"</a>. WBAL. November 12, 2023. Retrieved March 2, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WBAL&rft.atitle=Pope+Francis+removes+a+leading+US+conservative+critic+as+bishop+of+Tyler%2C+Texas&rft.date=2023-11-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wbaltv.com%2Farticle%2Fpope-francis-removes-critic-bishop-texas%2F45812885&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatholic+Church+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-TimeOut-148"><a href="#cite_ref-TimeOut_148-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCote2005" class="citation magazine cs1">Cote, David (June 9, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060820014908/http://www.timeout.com/newyork/DetailsAr.do?file=hotseat%2F506%2F506.hotseat.html">"Joyce Words"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Time_Out_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Time Out New York">Time Out New York</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timeout.com/newyork/DetailsAr.do?file=hotseat/506/506.hotseat.html">the original</a> on August 20, 2006. Retrieved July 30, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time+Out+New+York&rft.atitle=Joyce+Words&rft.date=2005-06-09&rft.aulast=Cote&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeout.com%2Fnewyork%2FDetailsAr.do%3Ffile%3Dhotseat%2F506%2F506.hotseat.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatholic+Church+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> Via the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2011/05/23/136462013/late-night-thank-you-notes-from-jimmy-fallon">"Late Night 'Thank You Notes' From Jimmy Fallon"</a>. NPR.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200409232131/https://www.npr.org/2011/05/23/136462013/late-night-thank-you-notes-from-jimmy-fallon">Archived</a> from the original on April 9, 2020. Retrieved March 27, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NPR.org&rft.atitle=Late+Night+%27Thank+You+Notes%27+From+Jimmy+Fallon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2011%2F05%2F23%2F136462013%2Flate-night-thank-you-notes-from-jimmy-fallon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatholic+Church+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.beliefnet.com/celebrity-faith-database/f/jimmy-fallon.aspx">"Jimmy Fallon"</a>. Beliefnet. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200205144026/https://www.beliefnet.com/celebrity-faith-database/f/jimmy-fallon.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on February 5, 2020. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jimmy+Fallon&rft.pub=Beliefnet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.beliefnet.com%2Fcelebrity-faith-database%2Ff%2Fjimmy-fallon.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatholic+Church+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://churchpop.com/2014/11/22/bill-murray-jimmy-fallon-miss-old-latin-mass/">"Bill Murray and Jimmy Fallon Miss the Old Latin Mass"</a>. November 22, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200421020143/https://churchpop.com/2014/11/22/bill-murray-jimmy-fallon-miss-old-latin-mass/">Archived</a> from the original on April 21, 2020. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bill+Murray+and+Jimmy+Fallon+Miss+the+Old+Latin+Mass&rft.date=2014-11-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchurchpop.com%2F2014%2F11%2F22%2Fbill-murray-jimmy-fallon-miss-old-latin-mass%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatholic+Church+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://churchpop.com/2016/05/10/lady-gaga-thanks-priest-beautiful-homily-eucharist-facebook/">"Lady Gaga Thanks Priest for "Beautiful Homily" About the Eucharist on Facebook"</a>. ChurchPOP. May 10, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200806184722/https://churchpop.com/2016/05/10/lady-gaga-thanks-priest-beautiful-homily-eucharist-facebook/">Archived</a> from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved April 16, 2020. <q>Thank you Father Duffell for a beautiful homily as always and lunch at my pop's restaurant. I was so moved today when you said.. 'The Eucharist is not a prize for the perfect but the food that God gives us.' – Father Duffell, Blessed Sacrament Church. Nourishment. [sic]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lady+Gaga+Thanks+Priest+for+%22Beautiful+Homily%22+About+the+Eucharist+on+Facebook&rft.pub=ChurchPOP&rft.date=2016-05-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchurchpop.com%2F2016%2F05%2F10%2Flady-gaga-thanks-priest-beautiful-homily-eucharist-facebook%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatholic+Church+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cruxnow.com/church/2016/05/lady-gagas-mass-pics-and-posts-on-faith-stir-catholic-reaction/">"Lady Gaga's Mass pics and posts on faith stir Catholic reaction"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Crux_(online_newspaper)" title="Crux (online newspaper)">Crux</a>. May 11, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200618190603/https://cruxnow.com/church/2016/05/lady-gagas-mass-pics-and-posts-on-faith-stir-catholic-reaction/">Archived</a> from the original on June 18, 2020. Retrieved April 16, 2020. <q>the American songwriter, singer and actress has also posted two pictures of herself attending a Catholic Mass.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lady+Gaga%27s+Mass+pics+and+posts+on+faith+stir+Catholic+reaction&rft.pub=Crux&rft.date=2016-05-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcruxnow.com%2Fchurch%2F2016%2F05%2Flady-gagas-mass-pics-and-posts-on-faith-stir-catholic-reaction%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatholic+Church+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://churchpop.com/2017/09/18/lady-gaga-posts-photo-of-her-praying-rosary-with-explanation-for-tour-cancelation/">"Lady Gaga Posts Photo of Herself Praying Rosary with Explanation for Tour Cancelation"</a>. ChurchPOP. September 18, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200806182257/https://churchpop.com/2017/09/18/lady-gaga-posts-photo-of-her-praying-rosary-with-explanation-for-tour-cancelation/">Archived</a> from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lady+Gaga+Posts+Photo+of+Herself+Praying+Rosary+with+Explanation+for+Tour+Cancelation&rft.pub=ChurchPOP&rft.date=2017-09-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchurchpop.com%2F2017%2F09%2F18%2Flady-gaga-posts-photo-of-her-praying-rosary-with-explanation-for-tour-cancelation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatholic+Church+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Ward, Pete (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wtW_DwAAQBAJ&q=lady+gaga+catholic&pg=PT161">Celebrity Worship</a>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780429994937" title="Special:BookSources/9780429994937"><bdi>9780429994937</bdi></a>. <q>Her identification as a Catholic, while advocating progressive viewpoints, has ensured that Lady Gaga has often been criticised by religious commentators.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Celebrity+Worship&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9780429994937&rft.aulast=Ward&rft.aufirst=Pete&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwtW_DwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dlady%2Bgaga%2Bcatholic%26pg%3DPT161&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatholic+Church+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://churchpop.com/2017/12/07/jimmy-kimmel-defends-his-catholic-faith-against-attack-from-roy-moore/">"Jimmy Kimmel Defends His Catholic Faith Against Attack from Roy Moore"</a>. ChurchPOP. December 7, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200205144032/https://churchpop.com/2017/12/07/jimmy-kimmel-defends-his-catholic-faith-against-attack-from-roy-moore/">Archived</a> from the original on February 5, 2020. Retrieved April 16, 2020. <q>Kimmel was raised Catholic, was an altar server, and says he is a practicing Catholic.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jimmy+Kimmel+Defends+His+Catholic+Faith+Against+Attack+from+Roy+Moore&rft.pub=ChurchPOP&rft.date=2017-12-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchurchpop.com%2F2017%2F12%2F07%2Fjimmy-kimmel-defends-his-catholic-faith-against-attack-from-roy-moore%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatholic+Church+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> Stated on <a href="/wiki/Inside_the_Actors_Studio" title="Inside the Actors Studio">Inside the Actors Studio</a>, 2009. also <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDoyle2019" class="citation magazine cs1">Doyle, Patrick (January 21, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rollingstone.com/tv/tv-features/conan-obrien-late-night-simpsons-catholicism-780706/">"The Last Word: Conan O'Brien on Catholicism, 'The Simpsons' and Life As Late Night's Elder Statesman"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190122044033/https://www.rollingstone.com/tv/tv-features/conan-obrien-late-night-simpsons-catholicism-780706/">Archived</a> from the original on January 22, 2019. Retrieved January 21, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rolling+Stone&rft.atitle=The+Last+Word%3A+Conan+O%27Brien+on+Catholicism%2C+%27The+Simpsons%27+and+Life+As+Late+Night%27s+Elder+Statesman&rft.date=2019-01-21&rft.aulast=Doyle&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollingstone.com%2Ftv%2Ftv-features%2Fconan-obrien-late-night-simpsons-catholicism-780706%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatholic+Church+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.knbc.com/politics/2463270/detail.html">"Maria Shriver Ends Her Silence On Husband's Campaign"</a>. NBC. September 8, 2003. Retrieved April 18, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Maria+Shriver+Ends+Her+Silence+On+Husband%27s+Campaign&rft.pub=NBC&rft.date=2003-09-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.knbc.com%2Fpolitics%2F2463270%2Fdetail.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatholic+Church+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-lat-159"><a href="#cite_ref-lat_159-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson2010" class="citation news cs1">Johnson, Reed (August 25, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/news/la-et-chamaco-20100825,0,2597362.story">"'Chamaco' a one-two punch of boxing, bilingualism"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100903204528/http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/news/la-et-chamaco-20100825,0,2597362.story">Archived</a> from the original on September 3, 2010. Retrieved September 9, 2010. <q>The actor born Ramón Antonio Gerard Estévez is a devout Roman Catholic</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=%27Chamaco%27+a+one-two+punch+of+boxing%2C+bilingualism&rft.date=2010-08-25&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Reed&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fentertainment%2Fnews%2Fla-et-chamaco-20100825%2C0%2C2597362.story&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatholic+Church+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZaimov2012" class="citation web cs1">Zaimov, Stoyan (January 18, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140826174701/http://christiantoday.com.au/article/mark-wahlberg-talks-central-role-of-faith-and-prayer-in-his-daily-life/12692.htm">"Mark Wahlberg talks central role of faith and prayer in his daily life"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Christian_Today" title="Christian Today">Christian Today</a> Australia. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://au.christiantoday.com/article/mark-wahlberg-talks-central-role-of-faith-and-prayer-in-his-daily-life/12692.htm">the original</a> on August 26, 2014. 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(2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/catholicsinameri0000care_i0l2">Catholics in America: A history</a>. Westport, Connecticut: <a href="/wiki/Greenwood_Publishing_Group" title="Greenwood Publishing Group">Praeger</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-275-98255-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-275-98255-3"><bdi>978-0-275-98255-3</bdi></a> – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Catholics+in+America%3A+A+history&rft.place=Westport%2C+Connecticut&rft.pub=Praeger&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-275-98255-3&rft.aulast=Carey&rft.aufirst=Patrick+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcatholicsinameri0000care_i0l2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatholic+Church+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PBIoAH4ko3kC&dq=catholics&pg=PP15">online</a>; emphasis on biographies</li> <li>D'Antonio, William V. American Catholics today: New realities of their faith and their church (Rowman & Littlefield, 2007).</li> <li>Dolan, Jay P. In Search of an American Catholicism: A History of Religion and Culture in Tension (2003)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEllis1969" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Tracy_Ellis" title="John Tracy Ellis">Ellis, John Tracy</a> (1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americancatholic1969elli">American Catholicism</a> (2nd ed.). <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Press" title="University of Chicago Press">University of Chicago Press</a> – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Catholicism&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Ellis&rft.aufirst=John+Tracy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Famericancatholic1969elli&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatholic+Church+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Gillis, Chester. Roman Catholicism in America (Columbia University Press, 2020).</li> <li>Marty, Martin E. Modern American Religion, Vol. 1: The Irony of It All, 1893–1919 (1986); Modern American Religion. Vol. 2: The Noise of Conflict, 1919–1941 (1991); Modern American Religion, Volume 3: Under God, Indivisible, 1941–1960 (1999); covers all major denominations.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaynard1941" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Maynard" title="Theodore Maynard">Maynard, Theodore</a> (1941). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/embed/storyofamericanc0000mayn">The story of American Catholicism</a>. New York: The Macmillan Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+story+of+American+Catholicism&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=The+Macmillan+Company&rft.date=1941&rft.aulast=Maynard&rft.aufirst=Theodore&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fembed%2Fstoryofamericanc0000mayn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatholic+Church+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></li> <li>McGuinness Margaret M. and James T. Fisher (eds.) Roman Catholicism in the United States: A Thematic History. (Fordham University Press, 2019).</li> <li>Morris, Charles R. American Catholic: The Saints and Sinners Who Built America's Most Powerful Church (1998), a popular history <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americancatholic0000morr_d7v3">online</a></li> <li>New Catholic 'Encyclopedia (1967), comprehensive coverage of all topics by Catholic scholars</li> <li>O'Toole, James M. The Faithful: A History of Catholics in America (2008) [The Faithful: A History of Catholics in America online]</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bishops,_priests,_nuns">Bishops, priests, nuns</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Church_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Bishops, priests, nuns">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Carey, Patrick W. An Immigrant Bishop: John England's Adaptation of Irish Catholicism to American Republicanism (Catholic University of America Press, 2022).</li> <li>Coburn, Carol K. and Martha Smith. Spirited Lives: How Nuns Shaped Catholic Culture and American Life, 1836–1920 (1999) pp 129–58 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Spirited-Lives-Catholic-American-1836-1920/dp/0807847747/">excerpt and text search</a></li> <li>Cummings, Kathleen Sprows. A saint of our own: how the quest for a holy hero helped Catholics become American (UNC Press, 2019).</li> <li>D'Antonio, William V., James D. Davidson, Dean R. Hoge, and Katherine Meyer. American Catholics: Gender, Generation, and Commitment (Huntington, Ind.: Our Sunday Visitor Visitor Publishing Press, 2001).</li> <li>Donovan, Grace. "Immigrant Nuns: Their Participation in the Process of Americanization," in Catholic Historical Review 77, 1991, 194–208.</li> <li>Ellis, J.T. The Life of James Cardinal Gibbons (Bruce Publishing Company, 1963)</li> <li>Finke, Roger. "An Orderly Return to Tradition: Explaining Membership Growth in Catholic Religious Orders," in Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion , 36, 1997, 218–30.</li> <li>Garraghan, Gilbert J. The Jesuits of the Middle United States Vol. II (Loyola University Press, 1984).</li> <li>Horgan, Paul. Lamy of Santa Fe (McGraw-Hill, 1975), New Mexico.</li> <li>Jonas, Thomas J. The Divided Mind: American Catholic Evangelists in the 1890s (Garland Press, 1988).</li> <li>Kantowicz, Edward R. "Cardinal Mundelein of Chicago and the Shaping of Twentieth-Century American Catholicism." Journal of American History 68.1 (1981): 52–68. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hist.pku.edu.cn/pub/bjdxlsxx/attachments/cfc2952bfaf94b08ae7a3098d5f1a675.pdf">online</a></li> <li>McDermott, Scott. Charles Carroll of Carrollton—Faithful Revolutionary <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-889334-68-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-889334-68-5">1-889334-68-5</a>.</li> <li>McGuinness Margaret M. Called to Serve: A History of Nuns in America (New York University Press, 2013) 266 pages; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Called-Serve-History-Nuns-America/dp/0814795560/">excerpt</a></li> <li>McKevitt, Gerald. Brokers of Culture: Italian Jesuits in the American West, 1848–1919 (Stanford University Press, 2006).</li> <li>Schroth, Raymond A. The American Jesuits: A History (New York University Press, 2007).</li> <li>Stepsis, Ursula and Dolores Liptak. Pioneer Healers: The History of Women Religious in American Health Care (1989) 375pp</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Demography,_ethnicity_and_race">Demography, ethnicity and race</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Church_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Demography, ethnicity and race">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Avalos, Hector. Introduction to the U.S. Latina and Latino Religious Experience (2005) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Latina-Latino-Religious-Experience/dp/0391042408">excerpt</a></li> <li>Castañeda-Liles, María Del Socorro. Our lady of everyday life: La Virgen de Guadalupe and the Catholic imagination of Mexican women in America (Oxford University Press, 2018).</li> <li>Deck, Allan Figueroa, S.J. The Second Wave: Hispanic Ministry and the Evangelization of Cultures (Paulist Press, 1989).</li> <li>Dolan, Jay P. The Immigrant Church: New York Irish and German Catholics, 1815–1865 (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1975).</li> <li>Dolan, Jay P. "The Irish Parish." US Catholic Historian 25.2 (2007): 13–24. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25156622">online</a></li> <li>Garcia, Angel. The Kingdom Began In Puerto Rico: Neil Connolly's Priesthood In The South Bronx (Fordham University Press, 2020).</li> <li>Greeley, Andrew. "The Demography of American Catholics, 1965–1990" in The Sociology of Andrew Greeley (Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1994).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwendolyn_Midlo_Hall" title="Gwendolyn Midlo Hall">Hall, Gwendolyn Midlo</a>. The Development of Afro-Creole Culture in the Eighteenth Century (Louisiana State University Press, 1995).</li> <li>McCaffrey, Lawrence John. The Irish Catholic Diaspora in America (Catholic U of America Press, 1997).</li> <li>Monzell, Thomas I. "The Catholic Church and the Americanization of the Polish immigrant." Polish American Studies (1969) 26#1 pp: 1–15. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20147794">online</a></li> <li>Poyo, Gerald E. Cuban Catholics in the United States, 1960–1980: Exile and Integration (Notre Dame University Press, 2007).</li> <li>Pula, James S. "Polish-American Catholicism: A Case Study in Cultural Determinism." US Catholic Historian 27.3 (2009): 1–19. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40468581">online</a></li> <li>Radzilowski, John. "A Social History of Polish-American Catholicism." US Catholic Historian 27.3 (2009): 21–43. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40468582">online</a></li> <li>Schultze, George E. Strangers in a Foreign Land: The Organizing of Catholic Latinos in the United States (Lexington, 2007).</li> <li>Spalding, Thomas W. "German parishes east and west." US Catholic Historian 14.2 (1996): 37–52. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25154552">online</a></li> <li>Sullivan, Eileen P. The Shamrock and the Cross: Irish American Novelists Shape American Catholicism (U of Notre Dame Press, 2016).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Specialized_studies">Specialized studies</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Church_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Specialized studies">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Abell, Aaron. American Catholicism and Social Action: A Search for Social Justice, 1865–1950 (Hanover House, 1960).</li> <li>Bales, Susan Ridgley. When I Was a Child: Children's Interpretations of First Communion (University of North Carolina, 2005).</li> <li>Brown, Mary Elizabeth. "Variations on the Themes of Parish History: A Case Study of Saint Mary's, Kutztown, Pennsylvania." Records of the American Catholic Historical Society of Philadelphia 106.1/2 (1995): 39–54. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/44209772">online</a></li> <li>Carroll, Michael P. American Catholics in the Protestant Imagination: Rethinking the Academic Study of Religion ( Johns Hopkins University Press, 2007).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDingesHitchcock1991" class="citation book cs1">Dinges, William D.; Hitchcock, James (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qd5yzP5hdiEC&pg=PA66">"Roman Catholic Traditionalism and Activist Conservatism in the United States"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Martin_E._Marty" title="Martin E. Marty">Marty, Martin E.</a>; <a href="/wiki/R._Scott_Appleby" title="R. Scott Appleby">Appleby, R. Scott</a> (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qd5yzP5hdiEC">Fundamentalisms Observed</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fundamentalism_Project" title="Fundamentalism Project">The Fundamentalism Project</a>, 1. Chicago, Il; London: University of Chicago Press. pp. 66–141. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-226-50878-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-226-50878-1"><bdi>0-226-50878-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Roman+Catholic+Traditionalism+and+Activist+Conservatism+in+the+United+States&rft.btitle=Fundamentalisms+Observed&rft.place=Chicago%2C+Il%3B+London&rft.series=The+Fundamentalism+Project%2C+1&rft.pages=66-141&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-226-50878-1&rft.aulast=Dinges&rft.aufirst=William+D.&rft.au=Hitchcock%2C+James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dqd5yzP5hdiEC%26pg%3DPA66&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatholic+Church+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Hunt, Thomas C., Ellis A. Joseph, and Ronald James Nuzzi, eds. Catholic schools in the United States: An encyclopedia (2 vol. Greenwood Press, 2004) 805pp; covers K12 schools, not colleges <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/catholicschoolsi0002unse/page/n3/mode/2up">vol 2 online</a></li> <li>McMullen, Joanne Halleran and Jon Parrish Peede, eds. Inside the Church of Flannery O'Connor: Sacrament, Sacramental, and the Sacred in Her Fiction (Macon, GA: Mercer University Press, 2007).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetro2015" class="citation book cs1">Petro, Anthony Michael (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SPoJCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA282">After the Wrath of God: AIDS, Sexuality, and American Religion</a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-939128-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-939128-8"><bdi>978-0-19-939128-8</bdi></a>. Retrieved May 11, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=After+the+Wrath+of+God%3A+AIDS%2C+Sexuality%2C+and+American+Religion&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-19-939128-8&rft.aulast=Petro&rft.aufirst=Anthony+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSPoJCAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA282&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatholic+Church+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Sanders, James W. The Education of an urban Minority: Catholics in Chicago, 1833–1965 (Oxford University Press, 1977).</li> <li>Walch, Timothy. Parish School: American Catholic Parochial Education from Colonial Times to the Present (Crossroad Publishing, 1996).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historiography">Historiography</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Church_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Historiography">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Dries, Angelyn. " 'Perils of Ocean and Wilderness': A Field Guide to North American Catholic History." Catholic Historical Review 102.2 (2016) pp 251–83.</li> <li>Ellis, John Tracy, and Robert Trisco. A Guide to American Catholic History (ABC-Clio, 1982) annotated guide to 1240 books. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/guidetoamericanc00john">online</a></li> <li>Gleason, Philip. "The Historiography of American Catholicism as Reflected in The Catholic Historical Review, 1915–2015." Catholic Historical Review 101#2 (2015) pp: 156–222. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://muse.jhu.edu/login?auth=0&type=summary&url=/journals/catholic_historical_review/v101/101.2S.gleason.html">online</a></li> <li>Thomas, J. Douglas. "A Century of American Catholic History." US Catholic Historian (1987): 25–49. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25153781">in JSTOR</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary_sources">Primary sources</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Church_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Primary sources">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Ellis, John Tracy. Documents of American Catholic History 2nd ed. (Milwaukee: Bruce Publishing Co., 1956). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ia600206.us.archive.org/4/items/documentsofameri00elli/documentsofameri00elli.pdf">online</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Church_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usccb.org/">United States Conference of Catholic Bishops</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.earthhealing.info/catholicstats.pdf">Global Catholic Statistics: 1905 and Today</a> by Albert J. Fritsch, SJ, PhD</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vividmaps.com/2017/09/the-percentage-of-catholics-in-us-1890.html">The percentage of Catholics in the U.S. (1890–2010)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180820080454/http://www.adherents.com/rel_USA.html">Largest religious groups in the United States</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Catholic_ecclesiastical_provinces_in_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Roman_Catholic_ecclesiastical_provinces_in_the_United_States" title="Template:Roman Catholic ecclesiastical provinces in the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Roman_Catholic_ecclesiastical_provinces_in_the_United_States" title="Template talk:Roman Catholic ecclesiastical provinces in the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Roman_Catholic_ecclesiastical_provinces_in_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Roman Catholic ecclesiastical provinces in the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Catholic_ecclesiastical_provinces_in_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_dioceses_in_the_United_States#Territorial_provinces_and_dioceses" title="List of Catholic dioceses in the United States">Catholic ecclesiastical provinces in the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Anchorage%E2%80%93Juneau" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Anchorage–Juneau">Anchorage–Juneau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Atlanta" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Atlanta">Atlanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Baltimore" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Baltimore"> Baltimore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Boston" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Boston">Boston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Chicago" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Chicago">Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Cincinnati" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cincinnati">Cincinnati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Denver" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Denver">Denver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Detroit" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Detroit">Detroit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Dubuque" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Dubuque">Dubuque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Galveston%E2%80%93Houston" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Galveston–Houston">Galveston–Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Hartford" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Hartford">Hartford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Indianapolis" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Indianapolis">Indianapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Kansas_City_in_Kansas" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kansas City in Kansas">Kansas City in Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Las_Vegas" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Las Vegas">Las Vegas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Los_Angeles" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Louisville" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Louisville">Louisville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Miami" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Miami">Miami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Milwaukee" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milwaukee">Milwaukee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Mobile" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mobile">Mobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_New_Orleans" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New Orleans">New Orleans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_New_York" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Newark" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Newark">Newark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Oklahoma_City" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Oklahoma City">Oklahoma City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Omaha" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Omaha">Omaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Philadelphia" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Portland_in_Oregon" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Portland in Oregon">Portland in Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_St._Louis" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of St. Louis">Saint Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Saint_Paul_and_Minneapolis" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis">Saint Paul and Minneapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_San_Antonio" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of San Antonio">San Antonio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_San_Francisco" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of San Francisco">San Francisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Santa_Fe" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Santa Fe">Santa Fe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Seattle" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Seattle">Seattle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Washington" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Washington">Washington</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:United_States_Conference_of_Catholic_Bishops.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Logo of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops"><img alt="Logo of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/United_States_Conference_of_Catholic_Bishops.svg/60px-United_States_Conference_of_Catholic_Bishops.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/United_States_Conference_of_Catholic_Bishops.svg/90px-United_States_Conference_of_Catholic_Bishops.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/United_States_Conference_of_Catholic_Bishops.svg/120px-United_States_Conference_of_Catholic_Bishops.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="521" /></a><figcaption>Logo of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="background-color:gold"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholic_Church" title="Portal:Catholic Church">Catholic Church portal</a></li> <li><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/16px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/24px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Catholic_Church_in_North_America" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:North_America_topic" title="Template:North America topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:North_America_topic" title="Template talk:North America topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:North_America_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:North America topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Catholic_Church_in_North_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_North_America" title="Catholic Church in North America">Catholic Church in North America </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:gold">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Catholic Church in Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_the_Bahamas" title="Catholic Church in the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Barbados" title="Catholic Church in Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Belize" title="Catholic Church in Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Canada" title="Catholic Church in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Costa_Rica" title="Catholic Church in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Cuba" title="Catholic Church in Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Dominica" title="Catholic Church in Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Catholic Church in the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_El_Salvador" title="Catholic Church in El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Grenada" title="Catholic Church in Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Guatemala" title="Catholic Church in Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Haiti" title="Catholic Church in Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Honduras" title="Catholic Church in Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Jamaica" title="Catholic Church in Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Mexico" title="Catholic Church in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Nicaragua" title="Catholic Church in Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Panama" title="Catholic Church in Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Catholic Church in Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Saint_Lucia" title="Catholic Church in Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Catholic Church in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Catholic Church in Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:gold"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Dependencies and other territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Church_in_Anguilla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Catholic Church in Anguilla (page does not exist)">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Aruba" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Church in Aruba">Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Church_in_Bermuda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Catholic Church in Bermuda (page does not exist)">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Church_in_Bonaire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Catholic Church in Bonaire (page does not exist)">Bonaire</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Church_in_the_British_Virgin_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Catholic Church in the British Virgin Islands (page does not exist)">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Church_in_the_Cayman_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Catholic Church in the Cayman Islands (page does not exist)">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Church_in_Cura%C3%A7ao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Catholic Church in Curaçao (page does not exist)">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Greenland" title="Catholic Church in Greenland">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Church_in_Guadeloupe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Catholic Church in Guadeloupe (page does not exist)">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Church_in_Martinique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Catholic Church in Martinique (page does not exist)">Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Church_in_Montserrat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Catholic Church in Montserrat (page does not exist)">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Puerto_Rico" title="Catholic Church in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Church_in_Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Catholic Church in Saint Barthélemy (page does not exist)">Saint Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Church_in_the_Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Catholic Church in the Collectivity of Saint Martin (page does not exist)">Saint Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Church_in_Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Catholic Church in Saint Pierre and Miquelon (page does not exist)">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Saba_(island)" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Church in Saba (island)">Saba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Church_in_Sint_Eustatius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Catholic Church in Sint Eustatius (page does not exist)">Sint Eustatius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Sint_Maarten" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Church in Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Church_in_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Catholic Church in the Turks and Caicos Islands (page does not exist)">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Church_in_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Catholic Church in the United States Virgin Islands (page does not exist)">United States Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Demographics_of_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Demography_of_the_United_States" title="Template:Demography of the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Demography_of_the_United_States" title="Template talk:Demography of the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Demography_of_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Demography of the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Demographics_of_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_United_States" title="Demographics of the United States">Demographics of the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Demographic_history_of_the_United_States" title="Demographic history of the United States">Demographic history</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By economic and social</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affluence_in_the_United_States" title="Affluence in the United States">Affluence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_inequality_in_the_United_States" title="Gender inequality in the United States">Gender inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Educational_attainment_in_the_United_States" title="Educational attainment in the United States">Educational attainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emigration_from_the_United_States" title="Emigration from the United States">Emigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeownership_in_the_United_States" title="Homeownership in the United States">Home-ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Household_income_in_the_United_States" title="Household income in the United States">Household income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_segregation_in_the_United_States" title="Housing segregation in the United States">Housing segregation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Immigration to the United States">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Income_inequality_in_the_United_States" title="Income inequality in the United States">Income inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_Spoken_at_Home_in_the_United_States_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Language Spoken at Home in the United States of America">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_demographics_of_the_United_States" title="LGBT demographics of the United States">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_middle_class" title="American middle class">Middle classes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_income_in_the_United_States" title="Personal income in the United States">Personal income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_the_United_States" title="Poverty in the United States">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_inequality_in_the_United_States" title="Racial inequality in the United States">Racial inequality</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Race_and_health_in_the_United_States" title="Race and health in the United States">Race and health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_achievement_gap_in_the_United_States" title="Racial achievement gap in the United States">Racial achievement gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_pay_gap_in_the_United_States" title="Racial pay gap in the United States">Racial wage gap</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_class_in_the_United_States" title="Social class in the United States">Social class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_of_living_in_the_United_States" title="Standard of living in the United States">Standard of living</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_unemployment_rate" title="List of U.S. states and territories by unemployment rate">Unemployment by state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Affluence_in_the_United_States" title="Affluence in the United States">Wealth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnocultural_politics_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnocultural politics in the United States">Ethnocultural politics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_United_States" title="Religion in the United States">By religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith_in_the_United_States" title="Baháʼí Faith in the United States">Baha'is</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_United_States" title="Buddhism in the United States">Buddhists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_United_States" title="Christianity in the United States">Christians</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Catholics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_Americans" title="Coptic Americans">Coptics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mormons" title="Mormons">Mormons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_the_United_States" title="Protestantism in the United States">Protestants</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_the_United_States" title="Hinduism in the United States">Hindus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism_in_the_United_States" title="Jainism in the United States">Jains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Jews" title="American Jews">Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_the_United_States" title="Islam in the United States">Muslims</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_in_the_United_States" title="Ahmadiyya in the United States">Ahmadiyyas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five-Percent_Nation" title="Five-Percent Nation">Five Percenters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moorish_Science_Temple_of_America" title="Moorish Science Temple of America">Moorish Scientists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation_of_Islam" title="Nation of Islam">Nation of Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nation_of_Islam" title="United Nation of Islam">Value Creators</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Native American religion">Native American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neopaganism_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Neopaganism in the United States">Neopagans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_the_United_States" title="Irreligion in the United States">Non-religious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rastafari_movement_in_the_United_States" title="Rastafari movement in the United States">Rastafaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientology_in_the_United_States" title="Scientology in the United States">Scientologists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_the_United_States" title="Sikhism in the United States">Sikhs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism_in_the_United_States" title="Zoroastrianism in the United States">Zoroastrians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States">By continent and ethnic ancestry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">African Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_diaspora_in_the_Americas" title="African diaspora in the Americas">African diaspora in the Americas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Indian_Americans" title="West Indian Americans">Afro-Caribbean/West Indian Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antiguan_and_Barbudan_Americans" title="Antiguan and Barbudan Americans">Antiguan and Barbudan Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahamian_Americans" title="Bahamian Americans">Bahamian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbadian_Americans" title="Barbadian Americans">Barbadian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermudian_Americans" title="Bermudian Americans">Bermudian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Americans_(Dominica)" title="Dominican Americans (Dominica)">Dominican Americans (Dominica)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_West_Indian_Americans" title="Dutch West Indian Americans">Dutch West Indian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenadian_Americans" title="Grenadian Americans">Grenadian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_Americans" title="Haitian Americans">Haitian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_Americans" title="Jamaican Americans">Jamaican Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kittian_and_Nevisian_Americans" title="Kittian and Nevisian Americans">Kittian and Nevisian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucian_Americans" title="Saint Lucian Americans">Saint Lucian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stateside_Virgin_Islands_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Stateside Virgin Islands Americans">Stateside Virgin Islands Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidadian_and_Tobagonian_Americans" title="Trinidadian and Tobagonian Americans">Trinidadian and Tobagonian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincentian_Americans" title="Vincentian Americans">Vincentian Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Black Hispanic and Latino Americans">Black Hispanic and Latino Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Indians_in_the_United_States" title="Black Indians in the United States">Black Indians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_immigration_to_the_United_States" title="African immigration to the United States">African immigrants to the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Africans_in_the_United_States" title="Central Africans in the United States">Central Africans in the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cameroonian_Americans" title="Cameroonian Americans">Cameroonian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congolese_Americans" title="Congolese Americans">Congolese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equatoguinean_Americans" title="Equatoguinean Americans">Equatoguinean Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabonese_Americans" title="Gabonese Americans">Gabonese Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fula_Americans" title="Fula Americans">Fula Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igbo_Americans" title="Igbo Americans">Igbo Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Africans_in_the_United_States" title="East Africans in the United States">East Africans in the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_Americans" title="Eritrean Americans">Eritrean Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Americans" title="Ethiopian Americans">Ethiopian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenyan_Americans" title="Kenyan Americans">Kenyan Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_Americans" title="Somali Americans">Somali Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Sudanese_Americans" title="South Sudanese Americans">South Sudanese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_Americans" title="Sudanese Americans">Sudanese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzanian_Americans" title="Tanzanian Americans">Tanzanian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugandan_Americans" title="Ugandan Americans">Ugandan Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Africans_in_the_United_States" title="Southern Africans in the United States">Southern Africans in the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_Americans" title="Angolan Americans">Angolan Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawian_Americans" title="Malawian Americans">Malawian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Americans" title="South African Americans">South African Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwean_Americans" title="Zimbabwean Americans">Zimbabwean Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Africans_in_the_United_States" title="West Africans in the United States">West Africans in the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beninese_Americans" title="Beninese Americans">Beninese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bissau-Guinean_Americans" title="Bissau-Guinean Americans">Bissau-Guinean Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verdean_Americans" title="Cape Verdean Americans">Cape Verdean Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambian_Americans" title="Gambian Americans">Gambian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_Americans" title="Ghanaian Americans">Ghanaian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinean_Americans" title="Guinean Americans">Guinean Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivorian_Americans" title="Ivorian Americans">Ivorian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberian_Americans" title="Liberian Americans">Liberian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malian_Americans" title="Malian Americans">Malian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_Americans" title="Nigerian Americans">Nigerian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegalese_Americans" title="Senegalese Americans">Senegalese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leonean_Americans" title="Sierra Leonean Americans">Sierra Leonean Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togolese_Americans" title="Togolese Americans">Togolese Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_Americans" title="Yoruba Americans">Yoruba Americans</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Africans_in_the_United_States" title="North Africans in the United States">North Africans in the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berber_Americans" title="Berber Americans">Berber Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_Americans" title="Algerian Americans">Algerian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_Americans" title="Libyan Americans">Libyan Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Moroccan American">Moroccan American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_Americans" title="Tunisian Americans">Tunisian Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_Americans" title="Coptic Americans">Coptic Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Americans" title="Egyptian Americans">Egyptian Americans</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asian Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Asian Hispanic and Latino Americans">Asian Hispanic and Latino Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Asians_in_the_United_States" title="Central Asians in the United States">Central Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Americans" title="Afghan Americans">Afghan Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pashtun_Americans" title="Pashtun Americans">Pashtun Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baloch_Americans" title="Baloch Americans">Baloch Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Americans" title="Kazakh Americans">Kazakh Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_Americans" title="Kyrgyz Americans">Kyrgyz Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajik_Americans" title="Tajik Americans">Tajik Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkmen Americans">Turkmen Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Americans" title="Uyghur Americans">Uyghur Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbek_Americans" title="Uzbek Americans">Uzbek Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_Americans" title="East Asian Americans">East Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Americans" title="Chinese Americans">Chinese Americans</a> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fuzhounese_Americans" title="Fuzhounese Americans">Fuzhounese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakka_Americans" title="Hakka Americans">Hakka Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoklo_Americans" title="Hoklo Americans">Hoklo Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Americans" title="Hong Kong Americans">Hong Kong Americans</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Americans" title="Japanese Americans">Japanese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Americans" title="Korean Americans">Korean Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Americans" title="Mongolian Americans">Mongolian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryukyuan_Americans" title="Ryukyuan Americans">Ryukyuan Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Americans" title="Taiwanese Americans">Taiwanese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Americans" title="Tibetan Americans">Tibetan Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Americans" title="South Asian Americans">South Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_Americans" title="Bangladeshi Americans">Bangladeshi Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_Americans" title="Bengali Americans">Bengali Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutanese_Americans" title="Bhutanese Americans">Bhutanese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Americans" title="Indian Americans">Indian Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_Americans" title="Bengali Americans">Bengali Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_Americans" title="Gujarati Americans">Gujarati Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Caribbean_Americans" title="Indo-Caribbean Americans">Indo-Caribbean Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Americans" title="Punjabi Americans">Punjabi Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_Americans" title="Sindhi Americans">Sindhi Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Americans" title="Tamil Americans">Tamil Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_Americans" title="Telugu Americans">Telugu Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldivian_Americans" title="Maldivian Americans">Maldivian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_Americans" title="Nepalese Americans">Nepalese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_Americans" title="Pakistani Americans">Pakistani Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Americans" title="Punjabi Americans">Punjabi Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_Americans" title="Sindhi Americans">Sindhi Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Americans" title="Sri Lankan Americans">Sri Lankan Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Americans" title="Tamil Americans">Tamil Americans</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asian_Americans" title="Southeast Asian Americans">Southeast Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_Americans" title="Burmese Americans">Burmese Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karen_Americans" title="Karen Americans">Karen Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_Americans" title="Cambodian Americans">Cambodian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_Americans" title="Filipino Americans">Filipino Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hmong_Americans" title="Hmong Americans">Hmong Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Americans" title="Indonesian Americans">Indonesian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iu_Mien_Americans" title="Iu Mien Americans">Iu Mien Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laotian_Americans" title="Laotian Americans">Laotian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Americans" title="Malaysian Americans">Malaysian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singaporean_Americans" title="Singaporean Americans">Singaporean Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_Americans" title="Thai Americans">Thai Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Americans" title="Vietnamese Americans">Vietnamese Americans</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romani_Americans" title="Romani Americans">Romani Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Slovak_Gypsies_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungarian Slovak Gypsies in the United States">Hungarian Slovak Gypsies</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_Americans" title="Middle Eastern Americans">West Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Americans" title="Arab Americans">Arab Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahraini_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahraini Americans">Bahraini Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirati_Americans" title="Emirati Americans">Emirati Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Americans" title="Iraqi Americans">Iraqi Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_Americans" title="Jordanian Americans">Jordanian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwaiti_Americans" title="Kuwaiti Americans">Kuwaiti Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Americans" title="Lebanese Americans">Lebanese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omani_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Omani Americans">Omani Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Americans" title="Palestinian Americans">Palestinian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatari_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Qatari Americans">Qatari Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Americans" title="Saudi Americans">Saudi Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Americans" title="Syrian Americans">Syrian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_Americans" title="Yemeni Americans">Yemeni Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Americans" title="Armenian Americans">Armenian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_Americans" title="Assyrian Americans">Assyrian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_Americans" title="Azerbaijani Americans">Azerbaijani Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circassian_Americans" title="Circassian Americans">Circassian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chechen_Americans" title="Chechen Americans">Chechen Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Americans" title="Georgian Americans">Georgian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Americans" title="Iranian Americans">Iranian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Jews" title="American Jews">Jewish Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Americans" title="Israeli Americans">Israeli Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lezgin_Americans" title="Lezgin Americans">Lezgin Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_Americans" title="Kurdish Americans">Kurdish Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Americans" title="Turkish Americans">Turkish Americans</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Americans" title="European Americans">Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_Americans" title="White Americans">White Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Americans" title="Albanian Americans">Albanian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asturian_Americans" title="Asturian Americans">Asturian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Americans" title="Austrian Americans">Austrian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_Americans" title="Basque Americans">Basque Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Americans" title="Belarusian Americans">Belarusian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Americans" title="Belgian Americans">Belgian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_Americans" title="Bosnian Americans">Bosnian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Americans" title="British Americans">British Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_Americans" title="Cornish Americans">Cornish Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Americans" title="English Americans">English Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manx_Americans" title="Manx Americans">Manx Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Americans" title="Scottish Americans">Scottish Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Americans" title="Welsh Americans">Welsh Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Americans" title="Bulgarian Americans">Bulgarian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_Americans" title="Catalan Americans">Catalan Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Americans" title="Croatian Americans">Croatian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_Americans" title="Cypriot Americans">Cypriot Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Americans" title="Czech Americans">Czech Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Americans" title="Dutch Americans">Dutch Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Americans" title="Estonian Americans">Estonian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Americans" title="Finnish Americans">Finnish Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Americans" title="French Americans">French Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cajuns" title="Cajuns">Cajuns</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galician_Americans" title="Galician Americans">Galician Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Americans" title="German Americans">German Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Americans" title="Greek Americans">Greek Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Americans" title="Hungarian Americans">Hungarian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Americans" title="Irish Americans">Irish Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Americans" title="Italian Americans">Italian Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italians_in_the_United_States_before_1880" title="Italians in the United States before 1880">before 1880</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Americans" title="Latvian Americans">Latvian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtensteiner_Americans" title="Liechtensteiner Americans">Liechtensteiner Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Americans" title="Lithuanian Americans">Lithuanian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish_Americans" title="Luxembourgish Americans">Luxembourgish Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Americans" title="Macedonian Americans">Macedonian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_Americans" title="Maltese Americans">Maltese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldovan_Americans" title="Moldovan Americans">Moldovan Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_Americans" title="Montenegrin Americans">Montenegrin Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Americans" title="Polish Americans">Polish Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Americans" title="Portuguese Americans">Portuguese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Americans" title="Romanian Americans">Romanian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Americans" title="Russian Americans">Russian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sammarinese_Americans" title="Sammarinese Americans">Sammarinese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_and_Scandinavian_Americans" title="Nordic and Scandinavian Americans">Nordic and Scandinavian Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danish_Americans" title="Danish Americans">Danish Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_Americans" title="Icelandic Americans">Icelandic Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Americans" title="Norwegian Americans">Norwegian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Americans" title="Swedish Americans">Swedish Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Americans" title="Serbian Americans">Serbian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Americans" title="Slovak Americans">Slovak Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovenian Americans">Slovenian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Americans" title="Spanish Americans">Spanish Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Californios" title="Californios">Californios</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Americans" title="Swiss Americans">Swiss Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Americans" title="Ukrainian Americans">Ukrainian Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_whites" title="Non-Hispanic whites">Non-Hispanic whites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="White Hispanic and Latino Americans">White Hispanic and Latino Americans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abenaki" title="Abenaki">Abenaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache" title="Apache">Apache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piegan_Blackfeet" title="Piegan Blackfeet">Blackfeet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee" title="Cherokee">Cherokee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheyenne" title="Cheyenne">Cheyenne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chickasaw" title="Chickasaw">Chickasaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choctaw" title="Choctaw">Choctaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colville_people" title="Colville people">Colville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comanche" title="Comanche">Comanche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cree" title="Cree">Cree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crow_people" title="Crow people">Crow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houma_people" title="Houma people">Houma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iroquois" title="Iroquois">Iroquois</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cayuga_people" title="Cayuga people">Cayuga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohawk_people" title="Mohawk people">Mohawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oneida_people" title="Oneida people">Oneida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onondaga_people" title="Onondaga people">Onondaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seneca_people" title="Seneca people">Seneca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuscarora_people" title="Tuscarora people">Tuscarora</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiowa" title="Kiowa">Kiowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenape" title="Lenape">Lenape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menominee" title="Menominee">Menominee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohave_people" title="Mohave people">Mohave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_Indians" title="Mission Indians">Mission Indians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cahuilla" title="Cahuilla">Cahuilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemehuevi" title="Chemehuevi">Chemehuevi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chumash_people" title="Chumash people">Chumash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cupe%C3%B1o" title="Cupeño">Cupeño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumeyaay" title="Kumeyaay">Diegueño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esselen_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Esselen people">Esselen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juane%C3%B1o" class="mw-redirect" title="Juaneño">Juaneño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitanemuk" title="Kitanemuk">Kitanemuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luise%C3%B1o_people" 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