CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-disabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-not-available" lang="nb" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Vis kilden til Charles Francis Richter – Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-disabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-not-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )nowikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":true,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t."," \t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","januar","februar","mars","april","mai","juni","juli","august","september","oktober","november","desember"],"wgRequestId":"d0c836e5-27a0-4811-bee4-0140af0e591d","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Charles_Francis_Richter","wgTitle":"Charles Francis Richter","wgCurRevisionId":23403745,"wgRevisionId":0,"wgArticleId":9362,"wgIsArticle":false,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"edit","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":[],"wgPageViewLanguage":"nb","wgPageContentLanguage":"nb","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Charles_Francis_Richter","wgRelevantArticleId":9362,"wgTempUserName":null,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0, "wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"nb","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"nb"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":3000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.InterProjectLinks":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready", "user.options":"loading","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.charinsert.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.action.edit.collapsibleFooter","site","mediawiki.page.ready","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.charinsert","ext.gadget.UkensKonkurranse","ext.gadget.wikiEditorKnapper","ext.gadget.link-missing-label","ext.gadget.new-section","ext.gadget.superinterwiki","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession", "oojs-ui.styles.icons-media","oojs-ui-core.icons","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=nb&modules=ext.charinsert.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=nb&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=nb&modules=ext.gadget.InterProjectLinks&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=nb&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow,max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/CharlesRichter.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1894"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/CharlesRichter.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1263"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1010"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Vis kilden til Charles Francis Richter – Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//no.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Francis_Richter"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Rediger" href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Francis_Richter&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (nb)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//no.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Francis_Richter"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.no"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom-mating" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Siste_endringer&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Charles_Francis_Richter rootpage-Charles_Francis_Richter skin-vector-2022 action-edit"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Hopp til innhold</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Nettsted"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Hovedmeny" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Hovedmeny</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Hovedmeny</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigasjon </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Forside" title="Gå til hovedsiden [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Forside</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Tilfeldig" title="Vis en tilfeldig side [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Tilfeldig side</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Portal" title="Stedet for å få hjelp"><span>Hjelp</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Siste_endringer" title="Liste over siste endringer på wikien. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Siste endringer</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-prosjekt" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-prosjekt" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Prosjekt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Prosjektportal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Portal"><span>Prosjektportal</span></a></li><li id="n-bidra" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bidra_til_Wikipedia"><span>Hvordan bidra?</span></a></li><li id="n-tinget" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tinget"><span>Tinget</span></a></li><li id="n-torget" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Torget"><span>Torget</span></a></li><li id="n-konkurranser" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Konkurranser"><span>Konkurranser</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Wikipedia" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Wikipedia" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Wikipedia </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-kontakt" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kontakt"><span>Kontakt Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-wmno" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikimedia.no" rel="nofollow" title="Medlemsorganisasjon for wikipedianere"><span>Wikimedia Norge</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Forside" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-no.svg" width="121" height="14" style="width: 7.5625em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:S%C3%B8k" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Søk i Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Søk</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Søk i Wikipedia" aria-label="Søk i Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Søk i Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Spesial:Søk"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Søk</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personlig"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Endre skriftstørrelse, bredde og farge på siden." > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Utseende" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Utseende</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_no.wikipedia.org&uselang=nb" class=""><span>Doner</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Opprett_konto&returnto=Charles+Francis+Richter&returntoquery=action%3Dedit" title="Du oppfordres til å opprette en konto og logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk" class=""><span>Opprett konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Logg_inn&returnto=Charles+Francis+Richter&returntoquery=action%3Dedit" title="Du oppfordres til å logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Logg inn</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out user-links-collapsible-item" title="Flere alternativer" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personlig" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personlig</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Brukermeny" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_no.wikipedia.org&uselang=nb"><span>Doner</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Opprett_konto&returnto=Charles+Francis+Richter&returntoquery=action%3Dedit" title="Du oppfordres til å opprette en konto og logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Opprett konto</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Logg_inn&returnto=Charles+Francis+Richter&returntoquery=action%3Dedit" title="Du oppfordres til å logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Logg inn</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Nettsted"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Vis kilden til Charles Francis Richter</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Artikkelen finnes kun på dette språket. Legg til artikkelen på andre språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-0" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Legg til språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="uls-after-portlet-link"></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Navnerom"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Francis_Richter" title="Vis innholdssiden [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikkel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskusjon:Charles_Francis_Richter" rel="discussion" title="Diskusjon om innholdssiden [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskusjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Bytt språkvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">norsk bokmål</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visninger"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Francis_Richter"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Francis_Richter&veaction=edit" title="Rediger siden [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Rediger</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="selected collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Francis_Richter&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne siden"><span>Rediger kilde</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Francis_Richter&action=history" title="Tidligere sideversjoner av denne siden [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Vis historikk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verktøy" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Verktøy</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Verktøy</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Flere alternativer" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Handlinger </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Francis_Richter"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Francis_Richter&veaction=edit" title="Rediger siden [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Rediger</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="selected collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Francis_Richter&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne siden [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kilde</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Francis_Richter&action=history"><span>Vis historikk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generelt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Lenker_hit/Charles_Francis_Richter" title="Liste over alle wikisider som lenker hit [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Lenker hit</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Relaterte_endringer/Charles_Francis_Richter" rel="nofollow" title="Siste endringer i sider som blir lenket fra denne siden [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Relaterte endringer</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=no" title="Last opp filer [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Last opp fil</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Spesialsider" title="Liste over alle spesialsider [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Spesialsider</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Francis_Richter&action=info" title="Mer informasjon om denne siden"><span>Sideinformasjon</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fno.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DCharles_Francis_Richter%26action%3Dedit"><span>Hent forkortet URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fno.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DCharles_Francis_Richter%26action%3Dedit"><span>Last ned QR-kode</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> På andre prosjekter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q184014" title="Lenke til koblet dataregisterelement [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-element</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utseende</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">skjul</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle">← <a href="/wiki/Charles_Francis_Richter" title="Charles Francis Richter">Charles Francis Richter</a></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><p>Du har ikke tillatelse til å redigere denne siden fordi: </p> <div class="permissions-errors"><div class="mw-permissionerror-globalblocking-blockedtext-range"><b>IP-adressa di er i et i et IP-intervall som har blitt <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Global_blocks" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/Global blocks">blokkert på alle Wikimedia-wikier</a>.</b> <p>Blokkeringen ble gjort av <a href="/wiki/Bruker:Jon_Kolbert" title="Bruker:Jon Kolbert">‪Jon Kolbert‬</a>. Årsaken som ble oppgitt var <i><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/NOP" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/NOP">Open proxy/Webhost</a>: See the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WM:OP/H" class="extiw" title="m:WM:OP/H">help page</a> if you are affected </i>. </p> <ul><li>Blokkeringen startet: 27. aug. 2023 kl. 16:12</li> <li>Blokkeringen utløper: 27. aug. 2028 kl. 16:12</li></ul> <p>Din nåværende IP-adresse er 8.222.208.146. Det blokkerte IP-intervallet er 8.222.128.0/17. </p><p>⧼blockedtext-includedetails-queries⧽ Hvis du mener du ble blokkert ved en feil kan du finne mer informasjon og instruksjoner i den globale policyen <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/No_open_proxies" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/No open proxies"><i>Ingen åpne proxyer</i></a>. </p> Du kan også diskutere blokkeringen ved å poste en forespørsel om gjennomgang <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Steward_requests/Global" class="extiw" title="m:Steward requests/Global">på Meta-Wiki</a>. Du kan også sende en e-post til <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Stewards" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/Stewards">forvalternes</a> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/VRT" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/VRT">VRT</a>-kø på <kbd>stewards@wikimedia.org</kbd>. Husk å ta med alle detaljene ovenfor.</div></div><hr /> <p>Du kan se og kopiere kildekoden til denne siden: </p><textarea readonly="" accesskey="," id="wpTextbox1" cols="80" rows="25" style="" class="mw-editfont-monospace" lang="nb" dir="ltr" name="wpTextbox1">{{Infoboks forsker}} '''Charles Francis Richter''' (født [[26. april]] [[1900]] i [[Overpeck (Ohio)|Overpeck]] i [[Ohio]] i [[USA]], død [[20. april]] [[1985]] i [[Los Angeles]]) var en [[USA|amerikansk]] [[seismologi|seismolog]]. Han utviklet [[Richters skala]], som brukes for å måle styrken på [[jordskjelv]], sammen med [[Beno Gutenberg]] i 1935. ==Liv og virke== === Bakgrunn=== Richter var av tysk avstaming. Hans oldefar kom fra [[Baden-Baden]] (i [[Baden-Württemberg]]) i 1848 på grunn av hjemlandets politiske ustabilitet i dette opprørets år i mange europeiske land.<ref name="Charles E Richter - How It Was">{{cite journal|journal=Engineering & Science|url=http://calteches.library.caltech.edu/3322/1/Campus.pdf|title=Charles E Richter &ndash; How It Was|first=Ann|last=Scheid|date=mars 1982}}</ref> Foreldrene (Fred W. Kinsinger og Lillian Anna Richter) ble skilt tidlig, og gutten ble da med moren som flyttet med ham til sin egen far. Ni år gammel flyttet Richter slik til [[Los Angeles]], der bestefaren var sekretær og reparatør i et firma som produserte maskiner. ===Forsker=== Han studerte ved [[Stanford University]] og begynte med sin doktorgradsforskning i fysikk ved [[Caltech]] under [[Robert Millikan]]. Før han avsluttet dette, takket han i 1927 ja til en stilling ved det seismologiske laboratorium ledet av Harry O. Wood (1879–1958). [[Richters skala]], som han utviklet for jordskjelvmåling i samarbeid med tyskeren [[Beno Gutenberg]], ble lansert i 1935. Da var Richter forsker ved [[California Institute of Technology]] i [[Pasadena]] rett nord for Los Angeles. Staten California er kjent som et område med mye jordskjelv. I starten var Richter-skalaen bare gyldig sør i California. Målemetoden ble etter dette videreutviklet til å kunne brukes jorden rundt. Frem til da hadde styrkegraden til jordskjelv blitt målt i forhold til hverandre på grunnlag av skader. Særlig gjaldt dette graden av skader i bystrøk. Richter og Gutenberg lanserte en skala med absolutte verdier. Gutenberg fant ut at jordskjelvskalaen burde være [[Logaritmisk skala|logaritmisk]]. Trinn fire er ti ganger mer i amplitude enn trinn tre. Amplituden er størrelsen på sjokkbølgene et jordskjelv lager. Slike bølger gir utslag på en [[seismograf]]. Den utløste energien er 31 ganger større for hvert trinn på Richter-skalaen. I et intervju på sine gamle dager sa Richter at det bare var ved en tilfeldighet at jordskjelvskalaen ble knyttet til hans navn.{{tr}} Han mente at Gutenberg hadde en like viktig rolle som ham i utviklingen av skalaen.{{tr}} Da Richter døde i 1985 var han verdenskjent, og gikk under namnet ''Dr. Quake'', eller ''Doktor Skjelv''. På det tidspunktet var Richter-skalaen i det alt vesentlige blitt erstattet av en annen skala, [[momentmagnitude]]. ==Referanser== <references/> == Litteratur == * Susan Elizabeth Hough: ''Richter's scale. Measure of an earthquake, measure of a man.'' Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton o.a. 2007. ISBN 0-691-12807-3 {{Autoritetsdata}} {{STANDARDSORTERING:Richter, Charles Francis}} [[Kategori:Seismologer]] [[Kategori:Geofysikere]] [[Kategori:Personer fra Los Angeles]] [[Kategori:Personer fra Butler County i Ohio]] </textarea><div class="templatesUsed"><div class="mw-templatesUsedExplanation"><p>Maler som brukes på denne siden: </p></div><ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Mal:Autoritetsdata" title="Mal:Autoritetsdata">Mal:Autoritetsdata</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mal:Autoritetsdata&action=edit" title="Mal:Autoritetsdata">vis kilde</a>) (halvbeskyttet)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Mal:Br_separated_entries" title="Mal:Br separated entries">Mal:Br separated entries</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mal:Br_separated_entries&action=edit" title="Mal:Br separated entries">rediger</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Mal:Citation" title="Mal:Citation">Mal:Citation</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mal:Citation&action=edit" title="Mal:Citation">rediger</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Mal:Citation/core" title="Mal:Citation/core">Mal:Citation/core</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mal:Citation/core&action=edit" title="Mal:Citation/core">rediger</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Mal:Citation/make_link" title="Mal:Citation/make link">Mal:Citation/make link</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mal:Citation/make_link&action=edit" title="Mal:Citation/make link">rediger</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Mal:Cite_Q" title="Mal:Cite Q">Mal:Cite Q</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mal:Cite_Q&action=edit" title="Mal:Cite Q">rediger</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Mal:Cite_journal" title="Mal:Cite journal">Mal:Cite journal</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mal:Cite_journal&action=edit" title="Mal:Cite journal">rediger</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Mal:Commonscat_fra_Wikidata" title="Mal:Commonscat fra Wikidata">Mal:Commonscat fra Wikidata</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mal:Commonscat_fra_Wikidata&action=edit" title="Mal:Commonscat fra Wikidata">rediger</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Mal:Fix" title="Mal:Fix">Mal:Fix</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mal:Fix&action=edit" title="Mal:Fix">rediger</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Mal:Fix/category" title="Mal:Fix/category">Mal:Fix/category</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mal:Fix/category&action=edit" title="Mal:Fix/category">rediger</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Mal:Genitiv" title="Mal:Genitiv">Mal:Genitiv</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mal:Genitiv&action=edit" title="Mal:Genitiv">rediger</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Mal:Hlist/styles.css" title="Mal:Hlist/styles.css">Mal:Hlist/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mal:Hlist/styles.css&action=edit" title="Mal:Hlist/styles.css">rediger</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Mal:ISOtilNorskdato" title="Mal:ISOtilNorskdato">Mal:ISOtilNorskdato</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mal:ISOtilNorskdato&action=edit" title="Mal:ISOtilNorskdato">vis kilde</a>) (halvbeskyttet)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Mal:Ifsubst" title="Mal:Ifsubst">Mal:Ifsubst</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mal:Ifsubst&action=edit" title="Mal:Ifsubst">rediger</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Mal:Infoboks/styles.css" title="Mal:Infoboks/styles.css">Mal:Infoboks/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mal:Infoboks/styles.css&action=edit" title="Mal:Infoboks/styles.css">rediger</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Mal:Infoboks_4rad" title="Mal:Infoboks 4rad">Mal:Infoboks 4rad</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mal:Infoboks_4rad&action=edit" title="Mal:Infoboks 4rad">vis kilde</a>) (beskyttet)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Mal:Infoboks_biografi" title="Mal:Infoboks biografi">Mal:Infoboks biografi</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mal:Infoboks_biografi&action=edit" title="Mal:Infoboks biografi">vis kilde</a>) (halvbeskyttet)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Mal:Infoboks_dobbeltrad" title="Mal:Infoboks dobbeltrad">Mal:Infoboks dobbeltrad</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mal:Infoboks_dobbeltrad&action=edit" title="Mal:Infoboks dobbeltrad">vis kilde</a>) (beskyttet)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Mal:Infoboks_forsker" title="Mal:Infoboks forsker">Mal:Infoboks forsker</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mal:Infoboks_forsker&action=edit" title="Mal:Infoboks forsker">rediger</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Mal:Infoboks_overskrift" title="Mal:Infoboks overskrift">Mal:Infoboks overskrift</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mal:Infoboks_overskrift&action=edit" title="Mal:Infoboks overskrift">vis kilde</a>) (beskyttet)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Mal:Infoboks_rad" title="Mal:Infoboks rad">Mal:Infoboks rad</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mal:Infoboks_rad&action=edit" title="Mal:Infoboks rad">vis kilde</a>) (halvbeskyttet)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Mal:Infoboks_slutt" title="Mal:Infoboks slutt">Mal:Infoboks slutt</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mal:Infoboks_slutt&action=edit" title="Mal:Infoboks slutt">vis kilde</a>) (halvbeskyttet)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Mal:Infoboks_start" title="Mal:Infoboks start">Mal:Infoboks start</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mal:Infoboks_start&action=edit" title="Mal:Infoboks start">vis kilde</a>) (beskyttet)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Mal:KategoriKj%C3%B8nn" title="Mal:KategoriKjønn">Mal:KategoriKjønn</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mal:KategoriKj%C3%B8nn&action=edit" title="Mal:KategoriKjønn">rediger</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Mal:Kilde_artikkel" title="Mal:Kilde artikkel">Mal:Kilde artikkel</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mal:Kilde_artikkel&action=edit" title="Mal:Kilde artikkel">vis kilde</a>) (halvbeskyttet)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Mal:Main_other" title="Mal:Main other">Mal:Main other</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mal:Main_other&action=edit" title="Mal:Main other">rediger</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Mal:Navboks" title="Mal:Navboks">Mal:Navboks</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mal:Navboks&action=edit" title="Mal:Navboks">vis kilde</a>) (halvbeskyttet)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Mal:Navbox" title="Mal:Navbox">Mal:Navbox</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mal:Navbox&action=edit" title="Mal:Navbox">rediger</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Mal:PAGENAMEBASE" title="Mal:PAGENAMEBASE">Mal:PAGENAMEBASE</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mal:PAGENAMEBASE&action=edit" title="Mal:PAGENAMEBASE">rediger</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Mal:Props" title="Mal:Props">Mal:Props</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mal:Props&action=edit" title="Mal:Props">rediger</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Mal:Tr" class="mw-redirect" title="Mal:Tr">Mal:Tr</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mal:Tr&action=edit" class="mw-redirect" title="Mal:Tr">vis kilde</a>) (beskyttet)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Mal:Trenger_referanse" title="Mal:Trenger referanse">Mal:Trenger referanse</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mal:Trenger_referanse&action=edit" title="Mal:Trenger referanse">vis kilde</a>) (halvbeskyttet)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Mal:Ubl" class="mw-redirect" title="Mal:Ubl">Mal:Ubl</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mal:Ubl&action=edit" class="mw-redirect" title="Mal:Ubl">rediger</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Mal:Unbulleted_list" title="Mal:Unbulleted list">Mal:Unbulleted list</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mal:Unbulleted_list&action=edit" title="Mal:Unbulleted list">rediger</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Mal:Wikidata-norsk" title="Mal:Wikidata-norsk">Mal:Wikidata-norsk</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mal:Wikidata-norsk&action=edit" title="Mal:Wikidata-norsk">vis kilde</a>) (halvbeskyttet)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Modul:Arguments" title="Modul:Arguments">Modul:Arguments</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Modul:Arguments&action=edit" title="Modul:Arguments">vis kilde</a>) (halvbeskyttet)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Modul:Check_for_unknown_parameters" title="Modul:Check for unknown parameters">Modul:Check for unknown parameters</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Modul:Check_for_unknown_parameters&action=edit" title="Modul:Check for unknown parameters">rediger</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Modul:Citation/CS1" title="Modul:Citation/CS1">Modul:Citation/CS1</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Modul:Citation/CS1&action=edit" title="Modul:Citation/CS1">vis kilde</a>) (halvbeskyttet)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Modul:Citation/CS1/COinS" title="Modul:Citation/CS1/COinS">Modul:Citation/CS1/COinS</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Modul:Citation/CS1/COinS&action=edit" title="Modul:Citation/CS1/COinS">rediger</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Modul:Citation/CS1/Configuration" title="Modul:Citation/CS1/Configuration">Modul:Citation/CS1/Configuration</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Modul:Citation/CS1/Configuration&action=edit" title="Modul:Citation/CS1/Configuration">vis kilde</a>) (halvbeskyttet)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Modul:Citation/CS1/Date_validation" title="Modul:Citation/CS1/Date validation">Modul:Citation/CS1/Date validation</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Modul:Citation/CS1/Date_validation&action=edit" title="Modul:Citation/CS1/Date validation">vis kilde</a>) (halvbeskyttet)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Modul:Citation/CS1/Identifiers" title="Modul:Citation/CS1/Identifiers">Modul:Citation/CS1/Identifiers</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Modul:Citation/CS1/Identifiers&action=edit" title="Modul:Citation/CS1/Identifiers">rediger</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Modul:Citation/CS1/Utilities" title="Modul:Citation/CS1/Utilities">Modul:Citation/CS1/Utilities</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Modul:Citation/CS1/Utilities&action=edit" title="Modul:Citation/CS1/Utilities">rediger</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Modul:Citation/CS1/Whitelist" title="Modul:Citation/CS1/Whitelist">Modul:Citation/CS1/Whitelist</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Modul:Citation/CS1/Whitelist&action=edit" title="Modul:Citation/CS1/Whitelist">vis kilde</a>) (halvbeskyttet)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Modul:Cite_Q" title="Modul:Cite Q">Modul:Cite Q</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Modul:Cite_Q&action=edit" title="Modul:Cite Q">rediger</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Modul:Date" title="Modul:Date">Modul:Date</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Modul:Date&action=edit" title="Modul:Date">rediger</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Modul:External_links" title="Modul:External links">Modul:External links</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Modul:External_links&action=edit" title="Modul:External links">vis kilde</a>) (halvbeskyttet)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Modul:External_links/conf" title="Modul:External links/conf">Modul:External links/conf</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Modul:External_links/conf&action=edit" title="Modul:External links/conf">rediger</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Modul:External_links/conf/Autoritetsdata" title="Modul:External links/conf/Autoritetsdata">Modul:External links/conf/Autoritetsdata</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Modul:External_links/conf/Autoritetsdata&action=edit" title="Modul:External links/conf/Autoritetsdata">rediger</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Modul:Genitiv" title="Modul:Genitiv">Modul:Genitiv</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Modul:Genitiv&action=edit" title="Modul:Genitiv">vis kilde</a>) (halvbeskyttet)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Modul:GetParameters" title="Modul:GetParameters">Modul:GetParameters</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Modul:GetParameters&action=edit" title="Modul:GetParameters">rediger</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Modul:I18n" title="Modul:I18n">Modul:I18n</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Modul:I18n&action=edit" title="Modul:I18n">rediger</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Modul:ISOtilNorskdato" title="Modul:ISOtilNorskdato">Modul:ISOtilNorskdato</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Modul:ISOtilNorskdato&action=edit" title="Modul:ISOtilNorskdato">vis kilde</a>) (halvbeskyttet)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Modul:KategoriKj%C3%B8nn" title="Modul:KategoriKjønn">Modul:KategoriKjønn</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Modul:KategoriKj%C3%B8nn&action=edit" title="Modul:KategoriKjønn">rediger</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Modul:Mapframe" title="Modul:Mapframe">Modul:Mapframe</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Modul:Mapframe&action=edit" title="Modul:Mapframe">vis kilde</a>) (halvbeskyttet)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Modul:Math" title="Modul:Math">Modul:Math</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Modul:Math&action=edit" title="Modul:Math">rediger</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Modul:Navbar" title="Modul:Navbar">Modul:Navbar</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Modul:Navbar&action=edit" title="Modul:Navbar">rediger</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Modul:Navbar/configuration" title="Modul:Navbar/configuration">Modul:Navbar/configuration</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Modul:Navbar/configuration&action=edit" title="Modul:Navbar/configuration">rediger</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Modul:Navbox" title="Modul:Navbox">Modul:Navbox</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Modul:Navbox&action=edit" title="Modul:Navbox">vis kilde</a>) (halvbeskyttet)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Modul:Navbox/configuration" title="Modul:Navbox/configuration">Modul:Navbox/configuration</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Modul:Navbox/configuration&action=edit" title="Modul:Navbox/configuration">rediger</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Modul:Navbox/styles.css" title="Modul:Navbox/styles.css">Modul:Navbox/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Modul:Navbox/styles.css&action=edit" title="Modul:Navbox/styles.css">rediger</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Modul:Reference_score" title="Modul:Reference score">Modul:Reference score</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Modul:Reference_score&action=edit" title="Modul:Reference score">rediger</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Modul:Reference_score/conf" title="Modul:Reference score/conf">Modul:Reference score/conf</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Modul:Reference_score/conf&action=edit" title="Modul:Reference score/conf">rediger</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Modul:Reference_score/i18n" title="Modul:Reference score/i18n">Modul:Reference score/i18n</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Modul:Reference_score/i18n&action=edit" title="Modul:Reference score/i18n">rediger</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Modul:String" title="Modul:String">Modul:String</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Modul:String&action=edit" title="Modul:String">vis kilde</a>) (halvbeskyttet)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Modul:String2" title="Modul:String2">Modul:String2</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Modul:String2&action=edit" title="Modul:String2">rediger</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Modul:Unsubst" title="Modul:Unsubst">Modul:Unsubst</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Modul:Unsubst&action=edit" title="Modul:Unsubst">rediger</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Modul:Wd" title="Modul:Wd">Modul:Wd</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Modul:Wd&action=edit" title="Modul:Wd">rediger</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Modul:Wd-norsk" title="Modul:Wd-norsk">Modul:Wd-norsk</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Modul:Wd-norsk&action=edit" title="Modul:Wd-norsk">vis kilde</a>) (halvbeskyttet)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Modul:Wd-norsk/i18n" title="Modul:Wd-norsk/i18n">Modul:Wd-norsk/i18n</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Modul:Wd-norsk/i18n&action=edit" title="Modul:Wd-norsk/i18n">rediger</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Modul:Wd/i18n" title="Modul:Wd/i18n">Modul:Wd/i18n</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Modul:Wd/i18n&action=edit" title="Modul:Wd/i18n">rediger</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Modul:WikidataAlder" title="Modul:WikidataAlder">Modul:WikidataAlder</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Modul:WikidataAlder&action=edit" title="Modul:WikidataAlder">rediger</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Modul:WikidataBilde" title="Modul:WikidataBilde">Modul:WikidataBilde</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Modul:WikidataBilde&action=edit" title="Modul:WikidataBilde">rediger</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Modul:WikidataCommonscat" title="Modul:WikidataCommonscat">Modul:WikidataCommonscat</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Modul:WikidataCommonscat&action=edit" title="Modul:WikidataCommonscat">rediger</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Modul:WikidataDato" title="Modul:WikidataDato">Modul:WikidataDato</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Modul:WikidataDato&action=edit" title="Modul:WikidataDato">rediger</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Modul:WikidataIB" title="Modul:WikidataIB">Modul:WikidataIB</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Modul:WikidataIB&action=edit" title="Modul:WikidataIB">rediger</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Modul:WikidataIB/i18n" title="Modul:WikidataIB/i18n">Modul:WikidataIB/i18n</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Modul:WikidataIB/i18n&action=edit" title="Modul:WikidataIB/i18n">rediger</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Modul:WikidataIB/nolinks" title="Modul:WikidataIB/nolinks">Modul:WikidataIB/nolinks</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Modul:WikidataIB/nolinks&action=edit" title="Modul:WikidataIB/nolinks">rediger</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Modul:WikidataIB/titleformats" title="Modul:WikidataIB/titleformats">Modul:WikidataIB/titleformats</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Modul:WikidataIB/titleformats&action=edit" title="Modul:WikidataIB/titleformats">rediger</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Modul:WikidataListe" title="Modul:WikidataListe">Modul:WikidataListe</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Modul:WikidataListe&action=edit" title="Modul:WikidataListe">vis kilde</a>) (halvbeskyttet)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Modul:WikidataListe/conf" title="Modul:WikidataListe/conf">Modul:WikidataListe/conf</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Modul:WikidataListe/conf&action=edit" title="Modul:WikidataListe/conf">rediger</a>) </li></ul></div><p id="mw-returnto">Tilbake til <a href="/wiki/Charles_Francis_Richter" title="Charles Francis Richter">Charles Francis Richter</a>.</p> <noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Hentet fra «<a dir="ltr" href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Francis_Richter">https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Francis_Richter</a>»</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks catlinks-allhidden" data-mw="interface"></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Personvern</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Om">Om Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Generelle_forbehold">Forbehold</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Atferdsnorm</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Utviklere</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/no.wikipedia.org">Statistikk</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Erklæring om informasjonskapsler</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//no.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charles_Francis_Richter&action=edit&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobilvisning</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-b8zqw","wgBackendResponseTime":236,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.005","walltime":"0.008","ppvisitednodes":{"value":28,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":892,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":0,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":4,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":0,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 0.000 1 -total"]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-b8zqw","timestamp":"20241124033611","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> </body> </html>