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onclick="window.open(this.href,'win2','status=no,toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,titlebar=no,menubar=no,resizable=yes,width=640,height=480,directories=no,location=no'); return false;" rel="nofollow"><img src="/web/20100404010626im_/http://www.corporateinventionboard.eu/templates/corpofinal5/images/pdf_button.png" alt="PDF"/></a> | <a href="/web/20100404010626/http://www.corporateinventionboard.eu/fr/methodologie/methodologie-appariement?tmpl=component&print=1&page=" title="Imprimer" onclick="window.open(this.href,'win2','status=no,toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,titlebar=no,menubar=no,resizable=yes,width=640,height=480,directories=no,location=no'); return false;" rel="nofollow"><img src="/web/20100404010626im_/http://www.corporateinventionboard.eu/templates/corpofinal5/images/printButton.png" alt="Imprimer"/></a> | <a href="/web/20100404010626/http://www.corporateinventionboard.eu/fr/component/mailto/?tmpl=component&link=aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb3Jwb3JhdGVpbnZlbnRpb25ib2FyZC5ldS9mci9tZXRob2RvbG9naWUvbWV0aG9kb2xvZ2llLWFwcGFyaWVtZW50" title="Envoyer" onclick="window.open(this.href,'win2','width=400,height=350,menubar=yes,resizable=yes'); return false;"><img src="/web/20100404010626im_/http://www.corporateinventionboard.eu/templates/corpofinal5/images/emailButton.png" alt="Envoyer"/></a> </div> <div class="art-PostContent"> <div class="art-article"><p>Le portefeuille de brevets (prioritaires) d鈥檜n groupe industriel est d茅fini comme la r茅union des brevets (prioritaires) d茅pos茅s par le 芦 Global Ultimate Owner 禄 (GUO) et par l鈥檈nsemble de ses filiales consolid茅es - i.e. celles dans lesquelles le GUO a une participation totale sup茅rieure ou 茅gale 脿 50,01%.</p> <p>La mise en oeuvre de cette r猫gle requiert d鈥檃pparier, d鈥檜ne part, les noms des GUO des groupes et des filiales extraits de la base de donn茅es financi猫res utilis茅e (Orbis) et, d鈥檃utre part, les noms des d茅posants apparaissant dans les demandes de brevets. Un tel appariement automatis茅, qui requiert une stricte identit茅 entre les cha卯nes de caract猫res composant les termes recherch茅s, soul猫ve deux types de difficult茅s.</p> <h3><strong>Les difficult茅s li茅es au croisement de bases de donn茅es</strong></h3> <p>Tout d鈥檃bord, une m锚me entreprise peut appara卯tre avec des appellations et des graphies diff茅rentes dans la base de brevets. Par exemple: IBM et International Business Machines. Il est de ce fait d茅licat de regrouper les brevets d茅pos茅s sous ces diff茅rentes formes sous un label unique. Cette difficult茅 a 茅t茅 surmont茅e en utilisant les noms harmonis茅s propos茅s dans la base de donn茅es Patstat (voir <a href="/web/20100404010626/http://www.corporateinventionboard.eu/fr/sources-de-donnees" target="_self" title="Source de donn茅es">Donn茅es sources</a>). Ceux-ci permettent de rassembler la plupart des diff茅rentes variations de l鈥檃ppellation d鈥檜n m锚me d茅posant sous une d茅signation unique, dite harmonis茅e.</p> <p>La seconde difficult茅 d茅coule du fait que le nom de d茅posant qui appara卯t dans les documents de brevets ne correspond pas toujours exactement 脿 l鈥檃ppellation juridique de ce d茅posant (GUO ou filiales) telle que propos茅e par Orbis; laquelle peut 茅galement diff茅rer de la d茅signation commune de cette entit茅. Ainsi le groupe n茅erlandais聽 commun茅ment d茅sign茅 comme 芦 Philips 禄 a un GUO dont l鈥檃ppellation est Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV.<strong></strong></p> <h3><strong>Une normalisation pr茅alable 脿 la comparaison de cha卯nes de caract猫res</strong></h3> <p>La technique d鈥檃ppariement qui a 茅t茅 retenue dans le projet Corporate Invention Board s鈥檃ppuie sur les <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100404010626/http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=944470" target="_blank" title="Data Production Methods for Harmonized Patent Statistics: Patentee Name Harmonization">recherches</a> de Tom Magerman de l鈥橴niversit茅 Catholique de Louvain. La m茅thodologie d茅velopp茅e par ce chercheur en collaboration avec l鈥橭rganisation pour la coop茅ration et le d茅veloppement 茅conomique (OCDE), la direction g茅n茅rale Eurostat de la Commission europ茅enne et l鈥橭ffice europ茅en des brevets (OEB) recouvre sch茅matiquement deux 茅tapes.<br/>Tout d鈥檃bord, il est n茅cessaire de proc茅der 脿 une 茅tape de nettoyage orthotypographique visant, par exemple, 脿 supprimer les doubles espaces apparaissant ind没ment entre deux mots ou les espaces blancs pr茅c茅dant une virgule.</p> <p>Ensuite, les d茅signations l茅gales des entreprises (telles que Ltd, Corp, Sa, Inc.) qui apparaissent syst茅matiquement dans la base d鈥檌nformations financi猫res Orbis - mais rarement dans les donn茅es brevets -ont 茅t茅 supprim茅es afin d鈥檃m茅liorer le rapprochement entre les informations issues des bases de donn茅es brevets et financi猫res.</p> <p>Cette m茅thodologie d鈥檃ppariement a permis d鈥檌dentifier plus de 5 millions de brevets prioritaires d茅pos茅s par les quelque 2400 groupes 茅tudi茅s.</p> <h3><strong>Une marge d鈥檈rreur r茅ductible mais in茅vitable</strong></h3> <p>Comme pour tout traitement massif de donn茅es, il serait illusoire de penser identifier sans m茅prise l鈥檈nsemble des brevets des groupes 茅tudi茅s. L鈥檕bjectif est de proc茅der 脿 l鈥檃rbitrage le plus satisfaisant entre les faux positifs et les faux n茅gatifs. Dans le premier cas, un brevet est attribu茅 脿 tort 脿 une entreprise ; alors que dans le second cas, le brevet d茅pos茅 par une entreprise n鈥檈st pas identifi茅 et ne peut donc pas 锚tre int茅gr茅 dans son portefeuille de brevet.</p> <p>Une marge d鈥檈rreur reste in茅vitable dans un tel travail d鈥檌dentification automatis茅e. L鈥檕bjectif est de r茅duire celle-ci lors des 茅ditions ult茅rieures du Corporate Invention Board. D鈥檃bord 脿 la faveur des progr猫s m茅thodologiques d鈥檌dentification qui permettront d鈥檃m茅liorer les appariements entre les appellations, ensuite gr芒ce aux am茅liorations apport茅es 脿 la base de donn茅es Patstat (voir <a href="/web/20100404010626/http://www.corporateinventionboard.eu/fr/sources-de-donnees" target="_self" title="Source de donn茅es">Donn茅es sources</a>). Ensuite gr芒ce aux interactions que nous souhaitons engager avec les groupes 茅tudi茅s dans le cadre de cette premi猫re 茅dition du Corporate Invention Board.</p> </div><span class="article_separator"> </span> </div> <div class="cleared"></div> </div> <div class="cleared"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="cleared"></div> <div class="art-Footer"> <div class="art-Footer-inner"> <div class="art-Footer-text"> <p>© Corporate Invention Board 2009 - 2010.<br/> All Rights Reserved.</p> </div> </div> <div class="art-Footer-background"></div> </div> <div class="cleared"></div> </div> </div> <div class="cleared"></div> <p class="art-page-footer"></p> </div> <!-- google analytics --> <script type="text/javascript"> var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? 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