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Sunandhagolden ratio</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Suan Sunandhagolden ratio"> <meta name="keywords" content="Suan Sunandhagolden ratio"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Suan Sunandhagolden ratio"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 4682</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Suan Sunandhagolden ratio</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4592</span> Price to Earnings Growth (PEG) Predicting Future Returns Better than the Price to Earnings (PE) Ratio</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lindrianasari%20Stefanie">Lindrianasari Stefanie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aminah%20Khairudin"> Aminah Khairudin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aims to provide empirical evidence regarding the ability of Price to Earnings Ratio and PEG Ratio in predicting future stock returns issuers. The samples used in this study are stocks that go into LQ45. The main contribution is to assign empirical evidence if the PEG Ratio can provide optimum return compared to Price to Earnings Ratio. This study used a sample of the entire company into the group LQ45 with the period of observation. The data used is limited to the financial statements of a company incorporated in LQ45 period July 2013-July 2014, using the financial statements and the position of the company's closing stock price at the end of 2010 as a reference benchmark for the growth of the company's stock price compared to the closing price of 2013. This study found that the method of PEG Ratio can outperform the method of PE ratio in predicting future returns on the stock portfolio of LQ45. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=price%20to%20earnings%20growth" title="price to earnings growth">price to earnings growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=price%20to%20earnings%20ratio" title=" price to earnings ratio"> price to earnings ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=future%20returns" title=" future returns"> future returns</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stock%20price" title=" stock price"> stock price</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16670/price-to-earnings-growth-peg-predicting-future-returns-better-than-the-price-to-earnings-pe-ratio" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16670.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">412</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4591</span> The Determinants of Financing to Deposit Ratio of Islamic Bank in Malaysia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Achsania%20Hendratmi">Achsania Hendratmi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Puji%20Sucia%20Sukmaningrum"> Puji Sucia Sukmaningrum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatin%20Fadhilah%20Hasib"> Fatin Fadhilah Hasib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nisful%20Laila"> Nisful Laila</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The research aimed to know the influence of Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Return on Assets (ROA) and Size of the Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR) Islamic Banks in Malaysia by using eleven Islamic Banks in Indonesia and fifteen Islamic Banks in Malaysia in the period 2012 to 2016 as samples. The research used a quantitative approach method, and the analysis technique used multiple linear regression. Based on the result of t-test (partial), CAR, ROA and size significantly affect of FDR. While the results of f-test (simultaneous) showed that CAR, ROA and Size significant effect on FDR. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capital%20adequacy%20ratio" title="capital adequacy ratio">capital adequacy ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financing%20to%20deposit%20ratio" title=" financing to deposit ratio"> financing to deposit ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=return%20on%20assets" title=" return on assets"> return on assets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=size" title=" size"> size</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72945/the-determinants-of-financing-to-deposit-ratio-of-islamic-bank-in-malaysia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72945.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">339</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4590</span> Study Concerning the Energy-to-Mass Ratio in Pneumatic Muscles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tudor%20Deaconescu">Tudor Deaconescu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrea%20Deaconescu"> Andrea Deaconescu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The utilization of pneumatic muscles in the actuation of industrial systems is still in its early stages, hence studies on the constructive solutions which include an assessment of their functional performance with a focus on one of the most important characteristics-energy efficiency are required. A quality indicator that adequately reflects the energy efficiency of an actuator is the energy-to-mass ratio. This ratio is computed in the paper for various types and sizes of pneumatic muscles manufactured by Festo, and is subsequently compared to the similar ratios determined for two categories of pneumatic cylinders. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pneumatic%20cylinders" title="pneumatic cylinders">pneumatic cylinders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pneumatic%20muscles" title=" pneumatic muscles"> pneumatic muscles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy-to-mass%20ratio" title=" energy-to-mass ratio"> energy-to-mass ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=muscle%20stroke" title=" muscle stroke"> muscle stroke</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49121/study-concerning-the-energy-to-mass-ratio-in-pneumatic-muscles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49121.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">346</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4589</span> Spatial Pattern of Child Sex Ratio in Haryana 1991-2011</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sunil%20Kumar">Sunil Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kavita%20Saini"> Kavita Saini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Haryana emerged as a state after the separation from Punjab since November, 1966. It had only 7 districts at that time but subsequently their number increased and presents their 21 districts in the state. Age and sex composition occupies very important positions in any discussion on characteristics of a population. Changes in sex ratio largely reflect the underlying socio-economic and cultural patterns of a society in different ways. Child sex ratio in Haryana is continuously decreasing and according to the census child sex ratio found lowest position in the state. Therefore, the aims of this study to examine the spatial- temporal pattern of Child sex ratio during the period 1991-2011 and identify the ‘epicenter’ or core areas of deficit of females in Haryana using tehsil level data during the period 2001-2011. This study is primarily based on the secondary sources and data were collected from the ‘Census of India’ and ‘Statistical Department’ of Haryana. The standard deviation method has been used to see the average value of child sex ratio in the study. The maximum child sex ratio declined is noticed in the district of Mahendergarh, Jhajjar, Rewari and Sonipat. However, the west and south-western part of the state marked with consistently better child sex ratio throughout the period. This is vast contiguous belt running in the north-west to south-east direction from Punjab border to NCT of Delhi and reported a very low child sex ratio. Tehsils which have reported lower child sex ratio than the state average has been called ‘Core Problem Area’ or ‘epicenter’. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=child%20sex%20ratio" title="child sex ratio">child sex ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=core%20areas" title=" core areas"> core areas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epicenter" title=" epicenter"> epicenter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haryana" title=" Haryana"> Haryana</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21527/spatial-pattern-of-child-sex-ratio-in-haryana-1991-2011" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21527.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">410</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4588</span> Third Super-Harmonic Resonance in Vortex-Induced Vibration of a Pipeline Close to the Seabed</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yiming%20Jin">Yiming Jin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ping%20Dong"> Ping Dong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The third super-harmonic resonance of a pipeline close to the seabed is investigated in this paper. To analyse the vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of the pipeline close to the seabed, the classic Van der Pol equation is extended with a nonlinear item. Then, on the base of the multi-scale method, the frequency-response curves of the pipeline with regard to the third super-harmonic resonance are studied with a series of parameters, such as the mass ratio, frequency, damp ratio and gap ratio. On the whole, the numerical results show that the characters of third super-harmonic resonance are quite from that of primary resonance, though with the same trend that the larger is the mass ratio, the smaller impact the gap ratio has on the frequency-response curves of the third super-harmonic resonance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20third%20super-harmonic%20resonance" title="the third super-harmonic resonance">the third super-harmonic resonance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gap%20ratio" title=" gap ratio"> gap ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vortex-induced%20vibration" title=" vortex-induced vibration"> vortex-induced vibration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-scale%20method" title=" multi-scale method"> multi-scale method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42056/third-super-harmonic-resonance-in-vortex-induced-vibration-of-a-pipeline-close-to-the-seabed" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42056.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">431</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4587</span> Classifying Students for E-Learning in Information Technology Course Using ANN</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sirilak%20Areerachakul">Sirilak Areerachakul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nat%20Ployong"> Nat Ployong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Supayothin%20Na%20Songkla"> Supayothin Na Songkla</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research’s objective is to select the model with most accurate value by using Neural Network Technique as a way to filter potential students who enroll in IT course by electronic learning at Suan Suanadha Rajabhat University. It is designed to help students selecting the appropriate courses by themselves. The result showed that the most accurate model was 100 Folds Cross-validation which had 73.58% points of accuracy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20neural%20network" title="artificial neural network">artificial neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classification" title=" classification"> classification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=students" title=" students"> students</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-learning" title=" e-learning"> e-learning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11988/classifying-students-for-e-learning-in-information-technology-course-using-ann" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11988.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">426</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4586</span> Optimization of Fin Type and Fin per Inch on Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop of an Air Cooler</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Falavand%20Jozaei">A. Falavand Jozaei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Ghafouri"> A. Ghafouri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Operation enhancement in an air cooler (heat exchanger) depends on the rate of heat transfer, and pressure drop. In this paper, for a given heat duty, study of the effects of FPI (fin per inch) and fin type (circular and hexagonal fins) on two parameters mentioned above is considered in an air cooler in Iran, Arvand petrochemical. A program in EES (Engineering Equations Solver) software moreover, Aspen B-JAC and HTFS+ software are used for this purpose to solve governing equations. At first the simulated results obtained from this program is compared to the experimental data for two cases of FPI. The effects of FPI from 3 to 15 over heat transfer (Q) to pressure drop ratio (Q/Δp ratio). This ratio is one of the main parameters in design, rating, and simulation heat exchangers. The results show that heat transfer (Q) and pressure drop increase with increasing FPI (fin per inch) steadily, and the Q/Δp ratio increases to FPI = 12 (for circular fins about 47% and for hexagonal fins about 69%) and then decreased gradually to FPI = 15 (for circular fins about 5% and for hexagonal fins about 8%), and Q/Δp ratio is maximum at FPI = 12. The FPI value selection between 8 and 12 obtained as a result to optimum heat transfer to pressure drop ratio. Also by contrast, between circular and hexagonal fins results, the Q/Δp ratio of hexagonal fins more than Q/Δp ratio of circular fins for FPI between 8 and 12 (optimum FPI). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20cooler" title="air cooler">air cooler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=circular%20and%20hexagonal%20fins" title=" circular and hexagonal fins"> circular and hexagonal fins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fin%20per%20inch" title=" fin per inch"> fin per inch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer%20and%20pressure%20drop" title=" heat transfer and pressure drop"> heat transfer and pressure drop</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32875/optimization-of-fin-type-and-fin-per-inch-on-heat-transfer-and-pressure-drop-of-an-air-cooler" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32875.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">454</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4585</span> Strength of Fine Concrete Used in Textile Reinforced Concrete by Changing Water-Binder Ratio</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taekyun%20Kim">Taekyun Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jongho%20Park"> Jongho Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jinwoong%20Choi"> Jinwoong Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sun-Kyu%20Park"> Sun-Kyu Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recently, the abnormal climate phenomenon has enlarged due to the global warming. As a result, temperature variation is increasing and the term is being prolonged, frequency of high and low temperature is increasing by heat wave and severe cold. Especially for reinforced concrete structure, the corrosion of reinforcement has occurred by concrete crack due to temperature change and the durability of the structure that has decreased by concrete crack. Accordingly, the textile reinforced concrete (TRC) which does not corrode due to using textile is getting the interest and the investigation of TRC is proceeding. The study of TRC structure behavior has proceeded, but the characteristic study of the concrete used in TRC is insufficient. Therefore, characteristic of the concrete by changing mixing ratio is studied in this paper. As a result, mixing ratio with different water-binder ratio has influenced to the strength of concrete. Also, as the water-binder ratio has decreased, strength of concrete has increased. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete" title="concrete">concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixing%20ratio" title=" mixing ratio"> mixing ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=textile" title=" textile"> textile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TRC" title=" TRC"> TRC</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46094/strength-of-fine-concrete-used-in-textile-reinforced-concrete-by-changing-water-binder-ratio" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46094.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">405</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4584</span> Primary Resonance in Vortex-Induced Vibration of a Pipeline Close to a Plane Boundary</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yiming%20Jin">Yiming Jin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ping%20Dong"> Ping Dong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The primary resonance of a pipeline close to a plane boundary is investigated in this paper. Based on classic Van der Pol equation and added a nonlinear item, a new wake oscillator model is proposed to predict the vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of a circular cylinder close to a plane boundary. Then, with the multi-scale method, the approximate solution for the case of the primary resonance is obtained. Besides, to study the characteristic of the primary resonance, the effects of the mass ration, frequency, damp ratio and gap ratio on the frequency-response curves of the pipeline are analysed. On the whole, the trend of the numerical results match up with that of the experimental data well and the mass ration, frequency, damp ratio and gap ratio play an important role in the vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of a circular cylinder close to a plane boundary, especially, the smaller is the mass ratio, the larger impact the gap ratio has on the frequency-response curves of the primary resonance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20resonance" title="primary resonance">primary resonance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gap%20ratio" title=" gap ratio"> gap ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vortex-induced%20vibration" title=" vortex-induced vibration"> vortex-induced vibration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-scale%20method" title=" multi-scale method"> multi-scale method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42055/primary-resonance-in-vortex-induced-vibration-of-a-pipeline-close-to-a-plane-boundary" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42055.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">372</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4583</span> Ratio Type Estimators for the Estimation of Population Coefficient of Variation under Two-Stage Sampling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Jabbar">Muhammad Jabbar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper we propose two ratio and ratio type exponential estimator for the estimation of population coefficient of variation using the auxiliary information under two-stage sampling. The properties of these estimators are derived up to first order of approximation. The efficiency conditions under which suggested estimator are more efficient, are obtained. Numerical and simulated studies are conducted to support the superiority of the estimators. Theoretically and numerically, we have found that our proposed estimator is always more efficient as compared to its competitor estimator. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two-stage%20sampling" title="two-stage sampling">two-stage sampling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coefficient%20of%20variation" title=" coefficient of variation"> coefficient of variation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ratio%20type%20exponential%20estimator" title=" ratio type exponential estimator"> ratio type exponential estimator</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21936/ratio-type-estimators-for-the-estimation-of-population-coefficient-of-variation-under-two-stage-sampling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21936.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">528</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4582</span> Effect of Taper Pin Ratio on Microstructure and Mechanical Property of Friction Stir Welded AZ31 Magnesium Alloy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20H.%20Othman">N. H. Othman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Udin"> N. Udin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Ishak"> M. Ishak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20H.%20Shah"> L. H. Shah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study focuses on the effect of pin taper tool ratio on friction stir welding of magnesium alloy AZ31. Two pieces of AZ31 alloy with thickness of 6 mm were friction stir welded by using the conventional milling machine. The shoulder diameter used in this experiment is fixed at 18 mm. The taper pin ratio used are varied at 6:6, 6:5, 6:4, 6:3, 6:2 and 6:1. The rotational speeds that were used in this study were 500 rpm, 1000 rpm and 1500 rpm, respectively. The welding speeds used are 150 mm/min, 200 mm/min and 250 mm/min. Microstructure observation of welded area was studied by using optical microscope. Equiaxed grains were observed at the TMAZ and stir zone indicating fully plastic deformation. Tool pin diameter ratio 6/1 causes low heat input to the material because of small contact surface between tool surface and stirred materials compared to other tool pin diameter ratio. The grain size of stir zone increased with increasing of ratio of rotational speed to transverse speed due to higher heat input. It is observed that worm hole is produced when excessive heat input is applied. To evaluate the mechanical properties of this specimen, tensile test was used in this study. Welded specimens using taper pin ratio 6:1 shows higher tensile strength compared to other taper pin ratio up to 204 MPa. Moreover, specimens using taper pin ratio 6:1 showed better tensile strength with 500 rpm of rotational speed and 150mm/min welding speed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=friction%20stir%20welding" title="friction stir welding">friction stir welding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnesium%20AZ31" title=" magnesium AZ31"> magnesium AZ31</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cylindrical%20taper%20tool" title=" cylindrical taper tool"> cylindrical taper tool</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=taper%20pin%20ratio" title=" taper pin ratio"> taper pin ratio</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46340/effect-of-taper-pin-ratio-on-microstructure-and-mechanical-property-of-friction-stir-welded-az31-magnesium-alloy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46340.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">286</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4581</span> Effect of the Poisson’s Ratio on the Behavior of Epoxy Microbeam</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Tahmasebipour">Mohammad Tahmasebipour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hosein%20Salarpour"> Hosein Salarpour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Researchers suggest that variations in Poisson’s ratio affect the behavior of Timoshenko micro beam. Therefore, in this study, two epoxy Timoshenko micro beams with different dimensions were modeled using the finite element method considering all boundary conditions and initial conditions that govern the problem. The effect of Poisson’s ratio on the resonant frequency, maximum deflection, and maximum rotation of the micro beams was examined. The analyses suggest that an increased Poisson’s ratio reduces the maximum rotation and the maximum rotation and increases the resonant frequency. Results were consistent with those obtained using the couple stress, classical, and strain gradient elasticity theories. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbeam" title="microbeam">microbeam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microsensor" title=" microsensor"> microsensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epoxy" title=" epoxy"> epoxy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poisson%E2%80%99s%20ratio" title=" poisson’s ratio"> poisson’s ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20behavior" title=" dynamic behavior"> dynamic behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=static%20behavior" title=" static behavior"> static behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20method" title=" finite element method"> finite element method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28163/effect-of-the-poissons-ratio-on-the-behavior-of-epoxy-microbeam" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28163.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">460</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4580</span> Experimental Study on the Effect of Water-Cement Ratio and Replacement Ratio to the Capacity of the Recycled Aggregate Concrete</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Feng%20Fu">Feng Fu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Karli"> Maria Karli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, experimental studies were carried out to investigate the behaviour of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC). A number of compressive tests, tensile splitting tests, as well as impact tests were conducted. In the tests, different recycled aggregate replacement ratio, different mix design and different water to cement ratio have been chosen in the investigation. The behavior of the RAC concrete was investigated in detail. The results of the tests show that the water-cement ratio plays an important role in the strength of the concrete and RAC concrete exhibit sufficient strength in comparison to the normal aggregate concrete; the relevant design recommendations are also made. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recycled%20aggregate%20concrete" title="recycled aggregate concrete">recycled aggregate concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compressive%20test" title=" compressive test"> compressive test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tensile%20splitting%20test" title=" tensile splitting test"> tensile splitting test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexural%20strength%20test" title=" flexural strength test"> flexural strength test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impact%20test" title=" impact test"> impact test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71770/experimental-study-on-the-effect-of-water-cement-ratio-and-replacement-ratio-to-the-capacity-of-the-recycled-aggregate-concrete" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71770.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">389</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4579</span> Wiedemann-Franz Law Violation Domain for Graphene and Nonrelativistic Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thandar%20Zaw%20Win">Thandar Zaw Win</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cho%20Win%20Aung"> Cho Win Aung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gaurav%20Khandal"> Gaurav Khandal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sabyasachi%20Ghosh"> Sabyasachi Ghosh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Systematic and comparative research on Lorenz ratios for graphene and nonrelativistic systems has been studied to identify their Wiedemann-Franz law violation domain. Fermi energy and temperature are the main governing parameters for deciding the values of the Lorenz ratio, which is basically thermal conductivity divided by electrical conductivity times temperature times Lorenz number. Metals as three-dimensional nonrelativistic electron gas are located at higher Fermi-energy by temperature domain, where Lorenz ratio remains one. Hence, they obey the Wiedemann-Franz law. By creating higher doping in a two-dimensional graphene system, one can again reach a higher Fermi-energy by temperature domain and get a constant Lorenz ratio. For both graphene and nonrelativistic systems, the Lorenz ratio goes below one if we go lower Fermi-energy by temperature domain, which is possible for the graphene system by decreasing the doping concentration. Experimentally observed greater than one Lorenz ratio in this lower Fermi-energy by temperature domain or Dirac Fluid domain indicates that nonfluid expressions of Lorenz ratio should be replaced by fluidtype expressions. We have noticed a divergent trend of Lorenz ratio in the Dirac Fluid domain using its fluid-type expression, and it matches the trend of experimental data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graphene" title="graphene">graphene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lorentz%20ratio" title=" Lorentz ratio"> Lorentz ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=specific%20heat" title=" specific heat"> specific heat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wiedeann-Franz%20law" title=" Wiedeann-Franz law"> Wiedeann-Franz law</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190245/wiedemann-franz-law-violation-domain-for-graphene-and-nonrelativistic-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190245.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">32</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4578</span> A Study on Golden Ratio (ф) and Its Implications on Seismic Design Using ETABS</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vishal%20A.%20S.%20Salelkar">Vishal A. S. Salelkar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sumitra%20S.%20Kandolkar"> Sumitra S. Kandolkar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Golden ratio (ф) or Golden mean or Golden section, as it is often referred to, is a proportion or a mean, which is often used by architects while conceiving the aesthetics of a structure. Golden Ratio (ф) is an irrational number that can be roughly rounded to 1.618 and is derived out of quadratic equation x2-x-1=0. The use of Golden Ratio (ф) can be observed throughout history, as far as ancient Egyptians, which later peaked during the Greek golden age. The use of this design technique is very much prevalent. At present, architects around the world prefer this as one of the primary techniques to decide aesthetics. In this study, an analysis has been performed to investigate whether the use of the golden ratio while planning a structure has any effects on the seismic behavior of the structure. The structure is modeled and analyzed on ETABS (by Computers and Structures, Inc.) for Seismic requirements equivalent to Zone III (Region: Goa-India) as per Indian Standard Code IS-1893. The results were compared to that of an identical structure modeled along the lines of normal design philosophy, not using the Golden Ratio tools. The results were then compared for Story Shear, Story Drift, and Story Displacement Readings. Improvement in performance, although slight, but was observed. Similar improvements were also observed in subsequent iterations, performed using time-acceleration data of previous major earthquakes matched to Zone III as per IS-1893. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ETABS" title="ETABS">ETABS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=golden%20ratio" title=" golden ratio"> golden ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20design" title=" seismic design"> seismic design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20behavior" title=" structural behavior"> structural behavior</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129401/a-study-on-golden-ratio-f-and-its-implications-on-seismic-design-using-etabs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129401.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">180</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4577</span> Study of Bifurcation Curve with Aspect Ratio at Low Reynolds Number</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amit%20K.%20Singh">Amit K. Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Subhankar%20Sen"> Subhankar Sen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The bifurcation curve of separation in steady two-dimensional viscous flow past an elliptic cylinder is studied by varying the angle of incidence (α) with different aspect ratio (ratio of minor to major axis). The solutions are based on numerical investigation, using finite element analysis, of the Navier-Stokes equations for incompressible flow. Results are presented for Reynolds number up to 50 and angle of incidence varies from 0° to 90°. Range of aspect ratio (Ar) is from 0.1 to 1 (in steps of 0.1) and flow is considered as unbounded flow. Bifurcation curve represents the locus of Reynolds numbers (Res) at which flow detaches or separates from the surface of the body at a given α and Ar. In earlier studies, effect of Ar on laminar separation curve or bifurcation curve is limited for Ar = 0.1, 0.2, 0.5 and 0.8. Some results are also available at α = 90° and 45°. The present study attempts to provide a systematic data and clear understanding on the effect of Ar at bifurcation curve and its point of maxima. In addition, issues regarding location of separation angle and maximum ratio of coefficient of lift to drag are studied. We found that nature of curve, separation angle and maximum ratio of lift to drag changes considerably with respect to change in Ar. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aspect%20ratio" title="aspect ratio">aspect ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bifurcation%20curve" title=" bifurcation curve"> bifurcation curve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elliptic%20cylinder" title=" elliptic cylinder"> elliptic cylinder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GMRES" title=" GMRES"> GMRES</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stabilized%20finite-element" title=" stabilized finite-element"> stabilized finite-element</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40551/study-of-bifurcation-curve-with-aspect-ratio-at-low-reynolds-number" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40551.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">342</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4576</span> The Effects of the Aspect Ratio of a Flexible Cylinder on the Vortex Dynamics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abouzar%20Kaboudian">Abouzar Kaboudian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ravi%20Chaithanya%20Mysa"> Ravi Chaithanya Mysa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Boo%20Cheong%20Khoo"> Boo Cheong Khoo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajeev%20Kumar%20Jaiman"> Rajeev Kumar Jaiman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The vortex structures observed in the wake of a flexible cylinder can be significantly different from those of a traditional vibrating, spring mounted, rigid cylinder. These differences can significantly affect the VIV characteristics of the flow and subsequently the VIV response of the cylindrical structures. In this work, we present how the aspect ratio of a flexible cylinder can change the vortex structures in its wake. We will discuss different vortex dynamics which can be observed in the wake of the vibrating flexible cylinder, and how they can affect the vibrational response of the cylinder. Moreover, we will study the transition of these structures versus the aspect ratio of the flexible cylinder. We will discuss how these transitions affect the in-line and transverse forces on the structure. In the end, we will provide general guidelines on the minimum acceptable aspect ratio for the offshore riser studies which may have grave implications for future numerical and experimental works. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aspect%20ratio" title="aspect ratio">aspect ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexible%20cylinder" title=" flexible cylinder"> flexible cylinder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vortex-shedding" title=" vortex-shedding"> vortex-shedding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VIV" title=" VIV"> VIV</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25475/the-effects-of-the-aspect-ratio-of-a-flexible-cylinder-on-the-vortex-dynamics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25475.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">488</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4575</span> The Correlation between Body Composition and Spinal Alignment in Healthy Young Adults</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ferruh%20%20Taspinar">Ferruh Taspinar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ismail%20Saracoglu"> Ismail Saracoglu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emrah%20Afsar"> Emrah Afsar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eda%20O.%20%20Okur"> Eda O. Okur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gulce%20K.%20%20Seyyar"> Gulce K. Seyyar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gamze%20Kurt"> Gamze Kurt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Betul%20Taspinar"> Betul Taspinar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Although it is thought that abdominal adiposity is one of the risk factor for postural deviation, such as increased lumbar lordosis, the body mass index is not sufficient to indicate effects of abdominal adiposity on spinal alignment and postural changes. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation with detailed body composition and spine alignment in healthy young adults. This cross-sectional study was conducted with sixty seven healthy volunteers (37 men and 30 women) whose ages ranged between 19 and 27 years. All participants’ sagittal spinal curvatures of lumbar and thoracic region were measured via Spinal mouse® (Idiag, Fehraltorf, Switzerland). Also, body composition analysis (whole body fat ratio, whole body muscle ratio, abdominal fat ratio, and trunk muscle ratio) estimation by means of bioelectrical impedance was evaluated via Tanita Bc 418 Ma Segmental Body Composition Analyser (Tanita, Japan). Pearson’s correlation was used to analysis among the variables. The mean lumbar lordosis and thoracic kyphosis angles were 21.02°±9.39, 41.50°±7.97, respectively. Statistically analysis showed a significant positive correlation between whole body fat ratio and lumbar lordosis angle (r=0.28, p=0.02). Similarly, there was a positive correlation between abdominal fat ratio and lumbar lordosis angle (r=0.27, p=0.03). The thoracic kyphosis angle showed also positive correlation with whole body fat ratio (r=0.33, p=0.00) and abdominal fat ratio (r=0.40, p=0.01). The whole body muscle ratio showed negative correlation between lumbar lordosis (r=-0.28, p=0.02) and thoracic kyphosis angles (r=-0.33, p=0.00), although there was no statistically correlation between trunk muscle ratio, lumbar and thoracic curvatures (p>0.05). The study demonstrated that an increase of fat ratio and decrease of muscle ratio in abdominal region or whole body shifts the spinal alignment which may adversely affect the spinal loading. Therefore, whole body composition should be taken into account in spine rehabilitation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=body%20composition" title="body composition">body composition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lumbar%20lordosis" title=" lumbar lordosis"> lumbar lordosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spinal%20alignment" title=" spinal alignment"> spinal alignment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thoracic%20kyphosis" title=" thoracic kyphosis"> thoracic kyphosis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60279/the-correlation-between-body-composition-and-spinal-alignment-in-healthy-young-adults" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60279.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">386</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4574</span> A New Bound on the Average Information Ratio of Perfect Secret-Sharing Schemes for Access Structures Based on Bipartite Graphs of Larger Girth</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hui-Chuan%20Lu">Hui-Chuan Lu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In a perfect secret-sharing scheme, a dealer distributes a secret among a set of participants in such a way that only qualified subsets of participants can recover the secret and the joint share of the participants in any unqualified subset is statistically independent of the secret. The access structure of the scheme refers to the collection of all qualified subsets. In a graph-based access structures, each vertex of a graph G represents a participant and each edge of G represents a minimal qualified subset. The average information ratio of a perfect secret-sharing scheme realizing a given access structure is the ratio of the average length of the shares given to the participants to the length of the secret. The infimum of the average information ratio of all possible perfect secret-sharing schemes realizing an access structure is called the optimal average information ratio of that access structure. We study the optimal average information ratio of the access structures based on bipartite graphs. Based on some previous results, we give a bound on the optimal average information ratio for all bipartite graphs of girth at least six. This bound is the best possible for some classes of bipartite graphs using our approach. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secret-sharing%20scheme" title="secret-sharing scheme">secret-sharing scheme</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=average%20information%20ratio" title=" average information ratio"> average information ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=star%20covering" title=" star covering"> star covering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deduction" title=" deduction"> deduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=core%20cluster" title=" core cluster"> core cluster</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9671/a-new-bound-on-the-average-information-ratio-of-perfect-secret-sharing-schemes-for-access-structures-based-on-bipartite-graphs-of-larger-girth" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9671.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">361</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4573</span> Effect of Single Overload Ratio and Stress Ratio on Fatigue Crack Growth </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Benachour">M. Benachour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Benachour"> N. Benachour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Benguediab"> M. Benguediab</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this investigation, variation of cyclic loading effect on fatigue crack growth is studied. This study is performed on 2024 T351 and 7050-T74 aluminum alloys, used in aeronautical structures. The propagation model used in this study is NASGRO model. In constant amplitude loading (CA), the effect of stress ratio has been investigated. Fatigue life and fatigue crack growth rate were affected by this factor. Results showed an increasing in fatigue crack growth rates (FCGRs) with increasing stress ratio. Variable amplitude loading (VAL) can take many forms i.e with a single overload, overload band etc. The shape of these loads affects strongly the fracture life and FCGRs. The application of a single overload (ORL) decrease the FCGR and increase the delay crack length caused by the formation of a larger plastic zone compared to the plastic zone due without VAL. The fatigue behavior of the both material under single overload has been compared. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fatigue%20crack%20growth" title="fatigue crack growth">fatigue crack growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=overload%20ratio" title=" overload ratio"> overload ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress%20ratio" title=" stress ratio"> stress ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=generalized%20willenborg%20model" title=" generalized willenborg model"> generalized willenborg model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=retardation" title=" retardation"> retardation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=al-alloys" title=" al-alloys"> al-alloys</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3037/effect-of-single-overload-ratio-and-stress-ratio-on-fatigue-crack-growth" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3037.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">363</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4572</span> A Computational Investigation of Knocking Tendency in a Hydrogen-Fueled SI Engine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hammam%20Aljabri">Hammam Aljabri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hong%20G.%20Im"> Hong G. Im</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hydrogen is a promising future fuel to support the transition of the energy sector toward carbon neutrality. The direct utilization of H2 in Internal Combustion Engines (ICEs) is possible, and this technology faces mainly two challenges; high NOx emissions and severe knocking at mid to high loads. In this study, we numerically investigated the potential of H2 combustion in a truck-size engine operated in SI mode. To mitigate the knocking nature of H2 combustion, we have focused on studying the effects of three primary parameters; the compression ratio (CR), the air-fuel ratio, and the spark time. The baseline case was set using a CR of 16.5 and an equivalence ratio of 0.35. In simulations, the auto-ignition tendency was evaluated based on the maximum pressure rise rate and the local pressure fluctuations at the monitoring points set along the wall of the combustion chamber. To mitigate the auto-ignition tendency while enabling a wider range of engine operation, the effect of lowering the compression ratio was assessed. The results indicate that by lowering the compression ratio from 16.5:1 to 12.5:1, an indicated thermal efficiency of 47.5% can be achieved. Aiming to restrain the auto-ignition while maintaining good efficiency, a reduction in the equivalence ratio was examined under different compression ratios. The result indicates that higher compression ratios will require lower equivalence ratios, and due to practical limitations, a lower equivalence ratio of 0.25 was set as the limit. Using a compression ratio of 13.5 combined with an equivalence ratio of 0.3 resulted in an indicated thermal efficiency of 48.6%, that is, at a fixed spark time. It is found that under such lean conditions, the incomplete combustion losses and exhaust losses were high. Thus, advancing the spark time was assessed as a possible solution. The results demonstrated the advantages of advancing the spark time, where an indicated thermal efficiency exceeding 50% was achieved using a compression ratio of 14.5:1 and an equivalence ratio of 0.25. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen" title="hydrogen">hydrogen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=combustion" title=" combustion"> combustion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=engine%20knock" title=" engine knock"> engine knock</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SI%20engine" title=" SI engine"> SI engine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157284/a-computational-investigation-of-knocking-tendency-in-a-hydrogen-fueled-si-engine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157284.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">129</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4571</span> Application of Two Stages Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System to Improve Dissolved Gas Analysis Interpretation Techniques</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kharisma%20Utomo%20Mulyodinoto">Kharisma Utomo Mulyodinoto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suwarno"> Suwarno</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Abu-Siada"> A. Abu-Siada</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Dissolved Gas Analysis is one of impressive technique to detect and predict internal fault of transformers by using gas generated by transformer oil sample. A number of methods are used to interpret the dissolved gas from transformer oil sample: Doernenberg Ratio Method, IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) Ratio Method, and Duval Triangle Method. While the assessment of dissolved gas within transformer oil samples has been standardized over the past two decades, analysis of the results is not always straight forward as it depends on personnel expertise more than mathematical formulas. To get over this limitation, this paper is aimed at improving the interpretation of Doernenberg Ratio Method, IEC Ratio Method, and Duval Triangle Method using Two Stages Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). Dissolved gas analysis data from 520 faulty transformers was analyzed to establish the proposed ANFIS model. Results show that the developed ANFIS model is accurate and can standardize the dissolved gas interpretation process with accuracy higher than 90%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ANFIS" title="ANFIS">ANFIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dissolved%20gas%20analysis" title=" dissolved gas analysis"> dissolved gas analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Doernenberg%20ratio%20method" title=" Doernenberg ratio method"> Doernenberg ratio method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Duval%20triangular%20method" title=" Duval triangular method"> Duval triangular method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IEC%20ratio%20method" title=" IEC ratio method"> IEC ratio method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transformer" title=" transformer"> transformer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103022/application-of-two-stages-adaptive-neuro-fuzzy-inference-system-to-improve-dissolved-gas-analysis-interpretation-techniques" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103022.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">147</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4570</span> An Experimental Study on the Effects of Aspect Ratio of a Rectangular Microchannel on the Two-Phase Frictional Pressure Drop</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20A.%20Louw%20Coetzee">J. A. Louw Coetzee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Josua%20P.%20Meyer"> Josua P. Meyer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The thermodynamic properties of different refrigerants in combination with the variation in geometrical properties (hydraulic diameter, aspect ratio, and inclination angle) of a rectangular microchannel determine the two-phase frictional pressure gradient. The effect of aspect ratio on frictional pressure drop had not been investigated enough during adiabatic two-phase flow and condensation in rectangular microchannels. This experimental study was concerned with measurement of the frictional pressure gradient in a rectangular microchannel, with hydraulic diameter of 900 μm. The aspect ratio of this microchannel was varied over a range that stretched from 0.3 to 3 in order to capture the effect of aspect ratio variation. A commonly used refrigerant, R134a, was used in the tests that spanned over a mass flux range of 100 to 1000 kg m-2 s-1 as well as the whole vapour quality range. This study formed part of a refrigerant condensation experiment and was therefore conducted at a saturation temperature of 40 °C. The study found that there was little influence of the aspect ratio on the frictional pressure drop at the test conditions. The data was compared to some of the well known micro- and macro-channel two-phase pressure drop correlations. Most of the separated flow correlations predicted the pressure drop data well at mass fluxes larger than 400 kg m-2 s-1 and vapour qualities above 0.2. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aspect%20ratio" title="aspect ratio">aspect ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microchannel" title=" microchannel"> microchannel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two-phase" title=" two-phase"> two-phase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pressure%20gradient" title=" pressure gradient"> pressure gradient</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33001/an-experimental-study-on-the-effects-of-aspect-ratio-of-a-rectangular-microchannel-on-the-two-phase-frictional-pressure-drop" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33001.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">366</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4569</span> Study of Photonic Crystal Band Gap and Hexagonal Microcavity Based on Elliptical Shaped Holes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Benmerkhi">A. Benmerkhi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Bounouioua"> A. Bounouioua</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Bouchemat"> M. Bouchemat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Bouchemat"> T. Bouchemat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we present a numerical optical properties of a triangular periodic lattice of elliptical air holes. We report the influence of the ratio (semi-major axis length of elliptical hole to the filling ratio) on the photonic band gap. Then by using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) algorithm, the resonant wavelength of the point defect microcavities in a two-dimensional photonic crystal (PC) shifts towards the low wavelengths with significantly increased filing ratio. It can be noted that the Q factor is gradually changed to higher when the filling ratio increases. It is due to an increase in reflectivity of the PC mirror. Also we theoretically investigate the H1 cavity, where the value of semi-major axis (Rx) of the six holes surrounding the cavity are fixed at 0.5a and the Rx of the two edge air holes are fixed at the optimum value of 0.52a. The highest Q factor of 4.1359 × 10<sup>6</sup> is achieved at the resonant mode located at λ = 1.4970 µm. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photonic%20crystal" title="photonic crystal">photonic crystal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microcavity" title=" microcavity"> microcavity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=filling%20ratio" title=" filling ratio"> filling ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elliptical%20holes" title=" elliptical holes"> elliptical holes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119036/study-of-photonic-crystal-band-gap-and-hexagonal-microcavity-based-on-elliptical-shaped-holes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119036.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">137</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4568</span> Experimental Investigation on Variable Compression Ratio of Single Cylinder Four Stroke SI Engine Working under Ethanol – Gasoline Blend</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20V.%20Lande">B. V. Lande</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suhas%20Kongare"> Suhas Kongare</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fuel blend of alcohol and conventional hydrocarbon fuels for a spark ignition engine can increase the fuel octane rating and the power for a given engine displacement and compression ratio. The greatest advantage of ethanol as a fuel in SI Engines is its high octane number. The efficiency of an SI engine that is the ability to convert fuel energy to mechanical energy, mainly depends on the compression ratio. It is, therefore, an advantage to increase this as much as possible. The major restraint is the fuel octane number – high octane fuels can be used with high compression ratios, thus yielding higher energy efficiency. This work investigates to suggest suitable ethanol gasoline blend and compression ratio for single cylinder four strokes SI Engine on the basis of performance and exhaust emissions. A single cylinder four stroke SI Engine was tested with different blend of ethanol – gasoline like E5 (5% ethanol +95% gasoline), E10 (10% ethanol + 90% gasoline) E15 (15% ethanol + 85% petrol) and E20 ( 20% + 80% gasoline) with Variable compression ratio. The performance parameter evaluated BSFC, Brake thermal efficiency and also exhaust emission CO2, Co & HC%. The result showed that higher compression ratio improved engine Performance and reduction in exhaust emission. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blend" title="blend">blend</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compression%20ratio" title=" compression ratio"> compression ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethanol" title=" ethanol"> ethanol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance" title=" performance"> performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blend" title=" blend"> blend</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45797/experimental-investigation-on-variable-compression-ratio-of-single-cylinder-four-stroke-si-engine-working-under-ethanol-gasoline-blend" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45797.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">403</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4567</span> The Optimal Public Debt Ceiling in Taiwan: A Simulation Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ho%20Yuan-Hong">Ho Yuan-Hong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huang%20Chiung-Ju"> Huang Chiung-Ju </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study conducts simulation analyses to find the optimal debt ceiling of Taiwan, while factoring in welfare maximization under a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium framework. The simulation is based on Taiwan's 2001 to 2011 economic data and shows that welfare is maximized at a "debt"⁄"GDP" ratio of 0.2, increases in the "debt"⁄"GDP " ratio leads to increases in both tax and interest rates and decreases in the consumption ratio and working hours. The study results indicate that the optimal debt ceiling of Taiwan is 20% of GDP, where if the "debt"⁄"GDP" ratio is greater than 40%, the welfare will be negative and result in welfare loss. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=debt%20sustainability" title="debt sustainability">debt sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimal%20debt%20ceiling" title=" optimal debt ceiling"> optimal debt ceiling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20stochastic%20general%20equilibrium" title=" dynamic stochastic general equilibrium"> dynamic stochastic general equilibrium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=welfare%20maximization" title=" welfare maximization"> welfare maximization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29739/the-optimal-public-debt-ceiling-in-taiwan-a-simulation-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29739.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">357</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4566</span> Effect of Non-Fat Solid Ratio on Bloom Formation in Untempered Chocolate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huanhuan%20Zhao">Huanhuan Zhao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bryony%20J.%20James"> Bryony J. James</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The relationship between the non-fat solid ratio and bloom formation in untempered chocolate was investigated using two types of chocolate: model chocolate made of varying cocoa powder ratios (46, 49.5 and 53%) and cocoa butter, and commercial Lindt chocolate with varying cocoa content (70, 85 and 90%). X-ray diffraction and colour measurement techniques were used to examine the polymorphism of cocoa butter and the surface whiteness index (WI), respectively. The polymorphic transformation of cocoa butter was highly correlated with the changes of WI during 30 days of storage since it led to the redistribution of fat within the chocolate matrix and resulted in a bloomed surface. The change in WI indicated a similar bloom rate in the chocolates, but the model chocolates with a higher cocoa powder ratio had more pronounced total bloom. This is due to a higher ratio of non-fat solid particles on the surface resulting in microscopic changes in morphology. The ratio of non-fat solids is an important factor in determining the extent of bloom but not the bloom rate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=untempered%20chocolate" title="untempered chocolate">untempered chocolate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructure%20of%20bloom" title=" microstructure of bloom"> microstructure of bloom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymorphic%20transformation" title=" polymorphic transformation"> polymorphic transformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20whiteness" title=" surface whiteness"> surface whiteness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76912/effect-of-non-fat-solid-ratio-on-bloom-formation-in-untempered-chocolate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76912.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">346</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4565</span> An Experimental Study on the Measurement of Fuel to Air Ratio Using Flame Chemiluminescence</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sewon%20Kim">Sewon Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chang%20Yeop%20Lee"> Chang Yeop Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Minjun%20Kwon"> Minjun Kwon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study is aiming at establishing the relationship between the optical signal of flame and an equivalent ratio of flame. In this experiment, flame optical signal in a furnace is measured using photodiode. The combustion system which is composed of metal fiber burner and vertical furnace and flame chemiluminescence is measured at various experimental conditions. In this study, the flame chemiluminescence of laminar premixed flame is measured by using commercially available photodiode. It is experimentally investigated the relationship between equivalent ratio and photodiode signal. In addition, The strategy of combustion control method is proposed by using the optical signal and fuel pressure. The results showed that certain relationship between optical data of photodiode and equivalence ratio exists and this leads to the successful application of this system for instantaneous measurement of equivalence ration of the combustion system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flame%20chemiluminescence" title="flame chemiluminescence">flame chemiluminescence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photo%20diode" title=" photo diode"> photo diode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equivalence%20ratio" title=" equivalence ratio"> equivalence ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=combustion%20control" title=" combustion control"> combustion control</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2626/an-experimental-study-on-the-measurement-of-fuel-to-air-ratio-using-flame-chemiluminescence" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2626.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">397</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4564</span> Signal On-Off Ratio and Output Frequency Analysis of Semiconductor Electron-Interference Device</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tomotaka%20Aoki">Tomotaka Aoki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isao%20Tomita"> Isao Tomita</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We examined the on-off ratio and frequency components of output signals from an electron-interference device made of GaAs/AlₓGa₁₋ₓAs by solving the time-dependent Schrödinger's equation on conducting electrons in the channel waveguide of the device. For electron-wave modulation, a periodic voltage of frequency f was applied to the channel. Furthermore, we examined the voltage-amplitude dependence of the signals in time and frequency domains and found that large applied voltage deformed the output-signal waveform and created additional side modes (frequencies) near the modulation frequency f and that there was a trade-off between on-off ratio and side-mode creation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20conduction" title="electrical conduction">electrical conduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electron%20interference" title=" electron interference"> electron interference</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frequency%20spectrum" title=" frequency spectrum"> frequency spectrum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=on-off%20ratio" title=" on-off ratio"> on-off ratio</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145444/signal-on-off-ratio-and-output-frequency-analysis-of-semiconductor-electron-interference-device" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145444.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">121</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4563</span> Opinions of Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Administrative Personnel towards Performance of the University Council</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pitsanu%20Poonpetpun">Pitsanu Poonpetpun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research aimed to study opinions of Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University administrative personnel towards performance of the university council committee by addressing (1) personal characteristics of the committees; (2) duties designated by the university council; and (3) relationship between university council and university administrative personnel. The population of this study including the president, vice presidents, faculty deans, deputy deans, office heads, director of office of president, directors, deputy directors, division directors, made a total of 118 respondents. Frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation were utilized in analyzing the data. The finding on opinions of the administrative personnel towards personal characteristics of the university council committees was averagely at a high level. The characteristic items were rated and revealed that the item gaining the highest mean score was the item stating that the university council committees obtained overall appropriate qualification. The items stating that the president of the teachers’ council acting as the university council committee had impartiality and good governance reported the lowest mean score. The opinions of the administrative personnel towards duty performance of the university council committees was averagely in a high level, in which the item gaining the highest mean score was the item stating that formulating rules and regulations or assigning governmental offices to do so was practiced with governance or fairness to all stakeholders, and the item stating that the president of the teachers’ council acting as the university council committee had impartiality good governance reported the lowest mean score. Moreover, the study found that the rating of opinions of the administrative personnel towards relationship between university council and university administrative personnel was averagely high. Relationship items were rated and revealed that the highest mean score was rated for the fact that the university president was empowered by the university council to manage the university with no violation of the policies. The fact that there was the integrity of policy between the university council and the university administrative personnel was rated the lowest score. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance" title="performance">performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=university%20council" title=" university council"> university council</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education" title=" education"> education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=university%20administrative%20personnel" title=" university administrative personnel"> university administrative personnel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4824/opinions-of-suan-sunandha-rajabhat-university-administrative-personnel-towards-performance-of-the-university-council" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4824.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">285</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suan%20Sunandhagolden%20ratio&page=3" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suan%20Sunandhagolden%20ratio&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suan%20Sunandhagolden%20ratio&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suan%20Sunandhagolden%20ratio&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">4</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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